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The M1142 Tactical Firefighting Truck (TFFT) is a standard M977A2 HEMTT chassis carrying an add-on commercial firefighting package. The M1142 is served by the XM1158 HEMTT-based Water Tender (HEWATT) to support Army requirement for a water tender capability for Army Engineer Firefighting detachments and Ordnance Ammunition Companies. HEWATT carries a 2,500 gallon polypropylene water tank, a Darley 500 gpm pump (hydraulic drive), a booster reel with capacity for 200 feet of 1.0 inch booster hose (electric rewind), 400 feet of 3.0 inch inlet and fill valving identical to the TFFT. HEWATT procurement is planned for FY 2008-2009, replacing the M916 LET tractor combined with a water tank semitrailer.
2009 calendar by a small design study in Brazil called Nu. It's screenprinted on a 0.70 mm thick polypropylene sized at A1.
In portuguese, all days of the week, except for Saturday and Sunday, are referred to by numbers. Monday is Second, Tuesday is Third, etc.
The generous guys at Nu sent me a copy of each and they're gorgeous up close.
MILLENNIUM UNIT #9597
2011 XLII S2
CHASSIS SPECS
GENERAL
LENGTH, OVERALL 45.0 FT.
WHEELBASE 314.0 IN.
WIDTH, OVERALL 102.0 IN.
HEIGHT, OVERALL 140.0 IN.
FLOOR-TO-CEILING HEIGHT 86.0 IN
CABIN FLOOR HEIGHT (FROM THE GROUND) 48.5 IN.
USABLE CABIN FLAT FLOOR LENGTH
(NO WHEEL HUMPS) 34.75 FT.
UNDER-FLOOR STORAGE (WITH DRIVER A/C) 407 CU.FT.
UNDER-FLOOR COMPARTMENTS DOORS WIDTH 60.5 IN.
ENTRANCE DOOR WIDTH 30.0 IN.
STEP HEIGHT 15.0 IN.
GROUND CLEARANCE 11.0 IN.
OVERHANG (INCL. BUMPER) — FRONT 68.75 IN.
OVERHANG (INCL. BUMPER) — REAR 107.75 IN.
TURNING RADIUS 41.8 FT.
BODY CONSTRUCTION (STRUCTURE) INTEGRAL
BODY CONSTRUCTION (STAINLESS / RUST PROTECTED MILD STEEL)
(OUTER SHELL – UP TO WINDOW LEVEL) STAINLESS STEEL
BODY CONSTRUCTION (SUB-FRAME) LOW-ALLOY/HIGH TENSILE STEEL
FUEL TANK (US GALS.) 208
FUEL FILLER NECKS ON BOTH SIDES
GROSS VEHICLE WEIGHT RATING (LBS.) 54,500
AXLE DESIGN LOAD CAPACITY (LBS.) – FRONT 18,000
AXLE DESIGN LOAD CAPACITY (LBS.) – DRIVE 22,500
AXLE DESIGN LOAD CAPACITY (LBS.) – TAG 14,000
2
WET WEIGHT - WITH DRIVER A/C (LBS.) 31,150
WET WEIGHT - WITH FULL A/C (LBS.) 31,850
DRIVER-ONLY A/C
TIRES AND WHEELS
MICHELIN 315/80R22.5 (DRIVE)
MICHELIN 365/70R22.5 (FRONT & TAG)
ALCOA ALUMINUM RIMS
22.5 X 10.5 IN. (FRONT & TAG AXLES)
22.5 X 9 IN. (DRIVE AXLE)
POWERTRAIN
DETROIT DIESEL SERIES 60 W/EGR 14L-515HP (5-YR. WARRANTY)
3-SPEED ENGINE COOLING FAN
ALLISON WORLD B500, 6-SPEED AUTO. TRANS. (5-YR. WARRANTY)
CRUISE CONTROL
ALLISON HYDRAULIC TRANSMISSION RETARDER
PNEUMATIC DRIVE BELTS TENSIONERS
TURBO BOOST GAUGE
ENGINE COOLANT FILTER
RACOR FUEL FILTER
BRAKES
ALL-DISC BRAKES WITH ABS
FRONT WHEELS BRAKE BOOSTERS TYPE 27
DRIVE WHEELS BRAKE BOOSTERS TYPE 24-24
TAG WHEELS BRAKE BOOSTERS TYPE 14-16
PARKING BRAKE BOOSTER ON TAG WHEELS
STEERING AND SUSPENSION
PNEUMATIC TILT & TELESCOPIC STEERING WHEEL
ZF SERVOCOMTRONIC VARIABLE POWER STEERING
3
INDEPENDENT SUSPENSION SYSTEM
STEERING SLAVE CYLINDER
FRONT & DRIVE AXLES SWAY BARS
INTEGRATED PNEUMATIC LEVEL-LOW LEVELING SYSTEM
LIFTABLE TAG AXLE
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
FULLY MULTIPLEXED ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
12-VOLT EXT. LIGHTING
24-VOLT MAIN SYSTEM
SHELL ALTERNATOR (DRIVER A/C) 140 AMPS
FACTORY-INSTALLED OPTIONAL EQUIPMENT
FACTORY SLIDE-OUTS (ALL-ELECTRICAL) 2 SLIDES
KIDDE DUAL SPECTRUM FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM
HIGH-INTENSITY HEADLIGHTS
FOG LIGHTS
RAMCO REMOTE HEATED REARVIEW MIRRORS
CENTRAL ELECTRICAL DOOR LOCKING SYSTEM
REMOTE KEYLESS LOCKING (ENTRANCE DOOR)
REMOTE KEYLESS LOCKING (COMPARTMENT DOORS)
TRAILER HITCH PACKAGE (20,000 LBS.)
LOW FUEL WARNING LIGHT
COURTESY LIGHTS BLINKER SWITCH
ENGINE AND COMPARTMENTS LIGHTING
ISRI AIR ADJUSTABLE (6800)
FACTORY EXTERIOR PAINT W/SPECIAL EFFECT
BACK-UP SOUND ALARM
HEADLAMPS CLEANING
GENERAL
XENON HEADLAMPS
AIR POCKET DOORS WITH ROD LESS CYLINDERS
FLEXFOIL INSULATION ON INTERIOR OF SHELL
4
MARINE GRADE ELECTRICAL WIRE
LUTRON HOMEWORKS ILLUMINATION CONTROL SYSTEM WITH REMOTE DIAGNOSTICS OPTION
5 CRESTRON TOUCH SCREEN CONTROLLERS LINKED TO LUTRON HOMEWORKS OPERATING SYSTEM WITH IPHONE
/ I-TOUCH AND LAPTOP CONTROLS
FULLTIME INTERNET WI-FI NETWORK CONNECTION
RUSSOUND CAV6.6 SIX-ZONE
A/V PROCESSOR
DVD/VCR RECORDERS WITH DIGITAL TUNERS
(2) SATELLITE DVR RECEIVERS
CEILING LED ROPE LIGHTING THROUGHOUT
MARINE GRADE BRASS LED OVERHEAD LIGHTS
MULTI-ZONE AQUA HOT HEATING SYSTEM WITH DUAL 1500 WATT ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
INTERIOR AND EXTERIOR LED LIGHTING
MOTORIZED HUNTER DOUGLAS CELL SHADES
FRONT AND REAR CUSTOM SPOILERS
STATEROOM
MAIN VANITY
32” FLAT SCREEN LED MONITOR
AIPHONE INTERCOM WITH BUILT IN MONITOR TO VIEW ENTRY DOOR
MASTER LIGHTING SWITCH ON THE REAR NIGHTSTAND AND FRONT
ELECTRIC BLACK-OUT SHADES
PRE-WIRE FOR CEILING FAN
CARBON MONOXIDE DETECTOR
SMOKE DETECTOR
SPECIAL LIGHTWEIGHT SOUND INSULATION PACKAGE
FABRICA CARPETING WITH HIGH DENSITY PADDING
TEMPER-PEDIC KING SIZED ADJUSTABLE BED
LEFT AND RIGHT END TABLES AT HEAD OF THE BED
DRAWER BENEATH THE FOOT OF THE BED
MIRRORED CEILING
CUSTOM BEDDING
5
CARPET LINED WARDROBE CABINETS WITH CEDAR CEILINGS
LAVATORY
120-VOLT VANITY LIGHTING
120-VOLT OUTLET IN BOTTOM AND INSIDE UPPER VANITY CABINET
FANTASTIC VENT OVER SHOWER AREA WITH COVER
FANTASTIC VENT WITH COVER IN COMMODE ROOM
AQUAHOT HEATER
GRANITE FLOORING
GRANITE COUNTERTOPS
SHAMPOO AND SOAP HOLDER
LOWER VANITY CABINET WITH FLUSH DOORS AND DRAWERS
HEADHUNTER ELONGATED COMMODE WITH HOMETECH BIDET
CUSTOM CURVED SHOWER
MEDICINE CABINET
GALLEY
GE SIDE BY SIDE FULL SIZED REFRIGERATOR WITH 23.3 CUBIC FEET OF STORAGE
BREW EXPRESS COFFEE MAKER (RECESSED AND HARD PLUMBED)
TWO BURNER COOK TOP
STACKED BOSCH WASHER AND DRYER UNITS
MARINE-GRADE POWER PANEL
SHARP INSIGHT PRO MICROWAVE DRAWER
AQUAHOT HEATERS CENTRAL VACUUM
LOUNGE BAR WITH ELECTRIC LIFT COMPUTER/TV/CRESTRON TOUCH SCREEN,
WIRELESS KEYBOARD/MOUSE
SMOKE DETECTOR
AUTOMATIC INTERIOR LED CABINET LIGHTS
GRANITE FLOORING WITH ELECTRIC FLOOR HEAT
FRANKE BEECH SINK SYSTEM WITH ACCESSORIES
SINGLE HANDLE FAUCET WITH BUILT-IN SPRAYER
UNDER COUNTER PULL OUT TRASH CONTAINER
FULL SIZED PANTRY
LIGHTWEIGHT CABINET CONSTRUCTION WITH WOOD VENEER AND POLYESTER FINISH
6
FISCHER PAYKEL DISH DRAWER
EXTENDABLE ISLAND
FRONT LOUNGE
PRE-WIRE FOR FAX IN THE C/S LOWER CABINET (120-VOLT OUTLET, CELLULAR, AND LANDLINE TELEPHONE
JACKS
FIBERGLASS WINDOW SILLS
MOTORIZED HUNTER DOUGLAS CELL SHADES
SOFA (ELECTRIC FRAME) ON DRIVER’S SIDE WITH STORAGE BELOW
42” DROP DOWN LED
PILOT AND CO-PILOT SEATING AREA
110 VAC AND 12 VDC OUTLETS
KENWOOD/GARMIN AM/FM/DVD/GPS/MP3
MAPPING SYSTEM
15” ADJUSTABLE MONITOR AT PASSENGER SEAT
COLOR LCD BACKUP MONITOR WITH I-CONTROL FUNCTION
CB RADIO
MAP LIGHTS FOR CO-PILOT AND DRIVER
MASTER CONTROL SWITCHES
ELECTRIC PRIVACY SHADES
MAP STORAGE AND DRINK HOLDER
CARPETING BELOW THE DRIVER’S SEAT
ISRINGHAUSEN AIR RIDE DRIVER’S SEAT
CUSTOM WOOD DASH PANELS
CUSTOM ENTRY DOOR DESIGN
SLIDE STEPWELL COVER
OPEN SHOE STORAGE IN STEPWELL
CUSTOM SMART STEERING WHEEL
VILLA 28” WIDE CO-PILOT SEAT WITH THE FOLLOWING OPTIONS: RECLINE, FOOTREST, ELECTRIC SIX WAY
POWER BASE, MASSAGE, HEATING, MAP STORAGE AND DRINK HOLDER
7
EXTERIOR GENERAL EQUIPMENT
UPPER AND LOWER LUMINESCENT BLUE ROPE LIGHTING
CB ANTENNA
CELLULAR PHONE ANTENNA
AM/FM ANTENNA
GPS ANTENNA
GLOMEX SAUCER-TYPE AMPLIFIED TV ANTENNA
INMOTION TRACSTAR SATELLITE DISH WITH (2) DVR RECEIVERS
COLOR DIRECTIONAL BACKUP CAMERA ON REAR OF COACH
AIPHONE DOORBELL / CAMERA NEXT TO ENTRANCE DOOR
4 FULL LENGTH ROOF MOUNTED AWNINGS WITH WIND MOTION SENSORS
(6) LED CURB LIGHTS
4 HIGH POWERED AIR HORNS IN NOSE FOR WIND NOISE REDUCTION
HWH ONE-TOUCH LEVELING SYSTEM
GENERATOR ROOF EXHAUST
CUSTOM PAINTED REAR WINDOW GRAPHICS
AQUAHOT ROOF EXHAUST
SIDE MARKER LIGHT TRIM
CHROME PLATED HEATED SIDE MIRRORS
LICENSE PLATE HOUSING-POLISHED S/S
MICROWAVE VENT
LED LIGHTS ON TOP AND BOTTOM OF COACH
BAY COMPARTMENTS
1ST BAY 101.75 CUBIC FEET OF STORAGE (CURBSIDE OR ROADSIDE)
(8) 8D MARINE DEEP CYCLE BATTERIES
(4) 3500 WATT OUTBACK INVERTERS
100 AMP VANNER BATTERY EQUALIZER
BATTERY TIE-IN RELAY (CONNECTING HOUSE BATTERIES TO CHASSIS BATTERIES AND CHASSIS BATTERIES TO
HOUSE BATTERIES)
8
(4) BATTERY DISCONNECT SWITCHES
GLENDINNING ELECTRIC REEL FOR SHORELINE CORD (WITH WIRELESS REMOTE)
SHORELINE CORD (60’)
ADAPTORS FOR SHORELINE FOR 30A AND 20A SERVICE
SHORELINE REVERSE POLARITY MONITOR
TELEPHONE AND CABLE TV CONNECTORS NEAR SHORELINE REEL
COAX CORD
AUXILIARY AIR COMPRESSOR WITH TWO SERVICE AIR CONNECTIONS (D/S AND C/S)
COSMETIC PANELS TO COVER ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
120 VOLT GFCI RECEPTACLE IN THE PLUMBING COMPARTMENT
330 AMP AIR COOLED ALTERNATOR FOR HOUSE SYSTEM
140 AMP AIR COOLED ALTERNATOR FOR CHASSIS SYSTEM
HVAC
AQUAHOT HEATER WITH THERMOSTATS IN PLUMBING COMPARTMENT
(4) ROOFTOP A/C UNITS LOW PROFILE (15,000 BTU’S EACH)
120 VAC CERAMIC HEATER IN FIRST, SECOND AND PLUMBING BAYS
ELECTRIC FLOOR HEAT
GENERATOR
POWERTECH ULTIMATE 17.5 KW TURBO GENERATOR
GENERATOR AUTO-START FEATURE (CONTROLLED BY LUTRON AND CRESTRON SYSTEMS)
GENERATOR BATTERY BOOST CIRCUITRY
GENERATOR PRIMARY FUEL FILTER
START/STOP SWITCHES AT THE FOLLOWING LOCATIONS:
* GENERATOR
* DRIVER’S AREA POWER PANEL
* INVERTER PANEL
* CRESTRON TOUCHSCREENS
* ANY REMOTE ACCESS COMPUTER
ROOF MOUNTED GENERATOR EXHAUST
ROOF MOUNTED COOLING SYSTEM FOR GENERATOR
FOUR INVERTER BYPASS SWITCHES
9
PLUMBING
AQUAHOT WATER HEATING SYSTEM WITH (2) 1500 WATT ELECTRIC HEATING ELEMENTS
HEADHUNTER 120 VOLT WATER PUMP
WATER PRESSURE REGULATOR
CARTRIDGE WATER FILTER SYSTEM
2 HOSE CARRIERS FOR DUMPING HOLDING TANKS
PAPER TOWEL AND SOAP DISPENSER
PLASTIC PLUMBING WITH FLEXIBLE LINES FOR VIBRATION ISOLATION
MANIFOLD SYSTEM WITH SHUT OFF VALVES TO ALL PLUMBING EQUIPMENT. (NO SHUTOFFS INSIDE THE
COACH INTERIOR; CONTINUOUS LINES RUN FROM THE MANIFOLD TO THE FIXTURE)
STAINLESS STEEL COVER
POLYPROPYLENE FRESH WATER TANK WITH CLEAN OUT (180 GALLONS)
POLYPROPYLENE GREY WATER TANK WITH CLEAN OUT (90 GALLONS)
POLYPROPYLENE BLACK WATER TANK WITH CLEAN OUT (90 GALLONS)
ELECTRIC OPERATED DUMP VALVES
TANK LEVEL MONITOR GAUGES AT ALL CRESTRON PANELS
CITY WATER INLET WITH MILLENNIUM AUTOMATIC FRESH WATER FILL SYSTEM
GRAVITY FILL FOR FRESH WATER TANK
MANUAL TANK CLEAN OUT VALVES FOR GREY AND BLACK TANK
HOSE BIB
STAINLESS STEEL COSMETIC PANELS TO COVER PLUMBING EQUIPMENT
BUILT IN PRESSURE WASHER WITH 75’ LINE ON REEL (1450 PSI)
BUILT IN DEIONIZER WITH BYPASS FOR SPOT FREE RINSE MODE
MACERATOR WITH ELECTRIC HOSE REEL
ABS PLASTIC UNDER THE PLUMBING EQUIPMENT
BAY ENTERTAINMENT CENTER
ENTERTAINMENT CABINET WITH STORAGE DRAWERS
REFRIGERATOR
BOSE WAVE AM/FM/CD/MP3 STEREO
42” LED FLAT SCREEN MONITOR ON PULLOUT ADJUSTABLE SLIDE SYSTEM
(4) ZIP DEE LAWN CHAIRS
KENYON CUSTOM SMOKELESS INFRA RED GRILL
MILLENNIUM UNIT #9597
2011 XLII S2
CHASSIS SPECS
GENERAL
LENGTH, OVERALL 45.0 FT.
WHEELBASE 314.0 IN.
WIDTH, OVERALL 102.0 IN.
HEIGHT, OVERALL 140.0 IN.
FLOOR-TO-CEILING HEIGHT 86.0 IN
CABIN FLOOR HEIGHT (FROM THE GROUND) 48.5 IN.
USABLE CABIN FLAT FLOOR LENGTH
(NO WHEEL HUMPS) 34.75 FT.
UNDER-FLOOR STORAGE (WITH DRIVER A/C) 407 CU.FT.
UNDER-FLOOR COMPARTMENTS DOORS WIDTH 60.5 IN.
ENTRANCE DOOR WIDTH 30.0 IN.
STEP HEIGHT 15.0 IN.
GROUND CLEARANCE 11.0 IN.
OVERHANG (INCL. BUMPER) — FRONT 68.75 IN.
OVERHANG (INCL. BUMPER) — REAR 107.75 IN.
TURNING RADIUS 41.8 FT.
BODY CONSTRUCTION (STRUCTURE) INTEGRAL
BODY CONSTRUCTION (STAINLESS / RUST PROTECTED MILD STEEL)
(OUTER SHELL – UP TO WINDOW LEVEL) STAINLESS STEEL
BODY CONSTRUCTION (SUB-FRAME) LOW-ALLOY/HIGH TENSILE STEEL
FUEL TANK (US GALS.) 208
FUEL FILLER NECKS ON BOTH SIDES
GROSS VEHICLE WEIGHT RATING (LBS.) 54,500
AXLE DESIGN LOAD CAPACITY (LBS.) – FRONT 18,000
AXLE DESIGN LOAD CAPACITY (LBS.) – DRIVE 22,500
AXLE DESIGN LOAD CAPACITY (LBS.) – TAG 14,000
2
WET WEIGHT - WITH DRIVER A/C (LBS.) 31,150
WET WEIGHT - WITH FULL A/C (LBS.) 31,850
DRIVER-ONLY A/C
TIRES AND WHEELS
MICHELIN 315/80R22.5 (DRIVE)
MICHELIN 365/70R22.5 (FRONT & TAG)
ALCOA ALUMINUM RIMS
22.5 X 10.5 IN. (FRONT & TAG AXLES)
22.5 X 9 IN. (DRIVE AXLE)
POWERTRAIN
DETROIT DIESEL SERIES 60 W/EGR 14L-515HP (5-YR. WARRANTY)
3-SPEED ENGINE COOLING FAN
ALLISON WORLD B500, 6-SPEED AUTO. TRANS. (5-YR. WARRANTY)
CRUISE CONTROL
ALLISON HYDRAULIC TRANSMISSION RETARDER
PNEUMATIC DRIVE BELTS TENSIONERS
TURBO BOOST GAUGE
ENGINE COOLANT FILTER
RACOR FUEL FILTER
BRAKES
ALL-DISC BRAKES WITH ABS
FRONT WHEELS BRAKE BOOSTERS TYPE 27
DRIVE WHEELS BRAKE BOOSTERS TYPE 24-24
TAG WHEELS BRAKE BOOSTERS TYPE 14-16
PARKING BRAKE BOOSTER ON TAG WHEELS
STEERING AND SUSPENSION
PNEUMATIC TILT & TELESCOPIC STEERING WHEEL
ZF SERVOCOMTRONIC VARIABLE POWER STEERING
3
INDEPENDENT SUSPENSION SYSTEM
STEERING SLAVE CYLINDER
FRONT & DRIVE AXLES SWAY BARS
INTEGRATED PNEUMATIC LEVEL-LOW LEVELING SYSTEM
LIFTABLE TAG AXLE
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
FULLY MULTIPLEXED ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
12-VOLT EXT. LIGHTING
24-VOLT MAIN SYSTEM
SHELL ALTERNATOR (DRIVER A/C) 140 AMPS
FACTORY-INSTALLED OPTIONAL EQUIPMENT
FACTORY SLIDE-OUTS (ALL-ELECTRICAL) 2 SLIDES
KIDDE DUAL SPECTRUM FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM
HIGH-INTENSITY HEADLIGHTS
FOG LIGHTS
RAMCO REMOTE HEATED REARVIEW MIRRORS
CENTRAL ELECTRICAL DOOR LOCKING SYSTEM
REMOTE KEYLESS LOCKING (ENTRANCE DOOR)
REMOTE KEYLESS LOCKING (COMPARTMENT DOORS)
TRAILER HITCH PACKAGE (20,000 LBS.)
LOW FUEL WARNING LIGHT
COURTESY LIGHTS BLINKER SWITCH
ENGINE AND COMPARTMENTS LIGHTING
ISRI AIR ADJUSTABLE (6800)
FACTORY EXTERIOR PAINT W/SPECIAL EFFECT
BACK-UP SOUND ALARM
HEADLAMPS CLEANING
GENERAL
XENON HEADLAMPS
AIR POCKET DOORS WITH ROD LESS CYLINDERS
FLEXFOIL INSULATION ON INTERIOR OF SHELL
4
MARINE GRADE ELECTRICAL WIRE
LUTRON HOMEWORKS ILLUMINATION CONTROL SYSTEM WITH REMOTE DIAGNOSTICS OPTION
5 CRESTRON TOUCH SCREEN CONTROLLERS LINKED TO LUTRON HOMEWORKS OPERATING SYSTEM WITH IPHONE
/ I-TOUCH AND LAPTOP CONTROLS
FULLTIME INTERNET WI-FI NETWORK CONNECTION
RUSSOUND CAV6.6 SIX-ZONE
A/V PROCESSOR
DVD/VCR RECORDERS WITH DIGITAL TUNERS
(2) SATELLITE DVR RECEIVERS
CEILING LED ROPE LIGHTING THROUGHOUT
MARINE GRADE BRASS LED OVERHEAD LIGHTS
MULTI-ZONE AQUA HOT HEATING SYSTEM WITH DUAL 1500 WATT ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
INTERIOR AND EXTERIOR LED LIGHTING
MOTORIZED HUNTER DOUGLAS CELL SHADES
FRONT AND REAR CUSTOM SPOILERS
STATEROOM
MAIN VANITY
32” FLAT SCREEN LED MONITOR
AIPHONE INTERCOM WITH BUILT IN MONITOR TO VIEW ENTRY DOOR
MASTER LIGHTING SWITCH ON THE REAR NIGHTSTAND AND FRONT
ELECTRIC BLACK-OUT SHADES
PRE-WIRE FOR CEILING FAN
CARBON MONOXIDE DETECTOR
SMOKE DETECTOR
SPECIAL LIGHTWEIGHT SOUND INSULATION PACKAGE
FABRICA CARPETING WITH HIGH DENSITY PADDING
TEMPER-PEDIC KING SIZED ADJUSTABLE BED
LEFT AND RIGHT END TABLES AT HEAD OF THE BED
DRAWER BENEATH THE FOOT OF THE BED
MIRRORED CEILING
CUSTOM BEDDING
5
CARPET LINED WARDROBE CABINETS WITH CEDAR CEILINGS
LAVATORY
120-VOLT VANITY LIGHTING
120-VOLT OUTLET IN BOTTOM AND INSIDE UPPER VANITY CABINET
FANTASTIC VENT OVER SHOWER AREA WITH COVER
FANTASTIC VENT WITH COVER IN COMMODE ROOM
AQUAHOT HEATER
GRANITE FLOORING
GRANITE COUNTERTOPS
SHAMPOO AND SOAP HOLDER
LOWER VANITY CABINET WITH FLUSH DOORS AND DRAWERS
HEADHUNTER ELONGATED COMMODE WITH HOMETECH BIDET
CUSTOM CURVED SHOWER
MEDICINE CABINET
GALLEY
GE SIDE BY SIDE FULL SIZED REFRIGERATOR WITH 23.3 CUBIC FEET OF STORAGE
BREW EXPRESS COFFEE MAKER (RECESSED AND HARD PLUMBED)
TWO BURNER COOK TOP
STACKED BOSCH WASHER AND DRYER UNITS
MARINE-GRADE POWER PANEL
SHARP INSIGHT PRO MICROWAVE DRAWER
AQUAHOT HEATERS CENTRAL VACUUM
LOUNGE BAR WITH ELECTRIC LIFT COMPUTER/TV/CRESTRON TOUCH SCREEN,
WIRELESS KEYBOARD/MOUSE
SMOKE DETECTOR
AUTOMATIC INTERIOR LED CABINET LIGHTS
GRANITE FLOORING WITH ELECTRIC FLOOR HEAT
FRANKE BEECH SINK SYSTEM WITH ACCESSORIES
SINGLE HANDLE FAUCET WITH BUILT-IN SPRAYER
UNDER COUNTER PULL OUT TRASH CONTAINER
FULL SIZED PANTRY
LIGHTWEIGHT CABINET CONSTRUCTION WITH WOOD VENEER AND POLYESTER FINISH
6
FISCHER PAYKEL DISH DRAWER
EXTENDABLE ISLAND
FRONT LOUNGE
PRE-WIRE FOR FAX IN THE C/S LOWER CABINET (120-VOLT OUTLET, CELLULAR, AND LANDLINE TELEPHONE
JACKS
FIBERGLASS WINDOW SILLS
MOTORIZED HUNTER DOUGLAS CELL SHADES
SOFA (ELECTRIC FRAME) ON DRIVER’S SIDE WITH STORAGE BELOW
42” DROP DOWN LED
PILOT AND CO-PILOT SEATING AREA
110 VAC AND 12 VDC OUTLETS
KENWOOD/GARMIN AM/FM/DVD/GPS/MP3
MAPPING SYSTEM
15” ADJUSTABLE MONITOR AT PASSENGER SEAT
COLOR LCD BACKUP MONITOR WITH I-CONTROL FUNCTION
CB RADIO
MAP LIGHTS FOR CO-PILOT AND DRIVER
MASTER CONTROL SWITCHES
ELECTRIC PRIVACY SHADES
MAP STORAGE AND DRINK HOLDER
CARPETING BELOW THE DRIVER’S SEAT
ISRINGHAUSEN AIR RIDE DRIVER’S SEAT
CUSTOM WOOD DASH PANELS
CUSTOM ENTRY DOOR DESIGN
SLIDE STEPWELL COVER
OPEN SHOE STORAGE IN STEPWELL
CUSTOM SMART STEERING WHEEL
VILLA 28” WIDE CO-PILOT SEAT WITH THE FOLLOWING OPTIONS: RECLINE, FOOTREST, ELECTRIC SIX WAY
POWER BASE, MASSAGE, HEATING, MAP STORAGE AND DRINK HOLDER
7
EXTERIOR GENERAL EQUIPMENT
UPPER AND LOWER LUMINESCENT BLUE ROPE LIGHTING
CB ANTENNA
CELLULAR PHONE ANTENNA
AM/FM ANTENNA
GPS ANTENNA
GLOMEX SAUCER-TYPE AMPLIFIED TV ANTENNA
INMOTION TRACSTAR SATELLITE DISH WITH (2) DVR RECEIVERS
COLOR DIRECTIONAL BACKUP CAMERA ON REAR OF COACH
AIPHONE DOORBELL / CAMERA NEXT TO ENTRANCE DOOR
4 FULL LENGTH ROOF MOUNTED AWNINGS WITH WIND MOTION SENSORS
(6) LED CURB LIGHTS
4 HIGH POWERED AIR HORNS IN NOSE FOR WIND NOISE REDUCTION
HWH ONE-TOUCH LEVELING SYSTEM
GENERATOR ROOF EXHAUST
CUSTOM PAINTED REAR WINDOW GRAPHICS
AQUAHOT ROOF EXHAUST
SIDE MARKER LIGHT TRIM
CHROME PLATED HEATED SIDE MIRRORS
LICENSE PLATE HOUSING-POLISHED S/S
MICROWAVE VENT
LED LIGHTS ON TOP AND BOTTOM OF COACH
BAY COMPARTMENTS
1ST BAY 101.75 CUBIC FEET OF STORAGE (CURBSIDE OR ROADSIDE)
(8) 8D MARINE DEEP CYCLE BATTERIES
(4) 3500 WATT OUTBACK INVERTERS
100 AMP VANNER BATTERY EQUALIZER
BATTERY TIE-IN RELAY (CONNECTING HOUSE BATTERIES TO CHASSIS BATTERIES AND CHASSIS BATTERIES TO
HOUSE BATTERIES)
8
(4) BATTERY DISCONNECT SWITCHES
GLENDINNING ELECTRIC REEL FOR SHORELINE CORD (WITH WIRELESS REMOTE)
SHORELINE CORD (60’)
ADAPTORS FOR SHORELINE FOR 30A AND 20A SERVICE
SHORELINE REVERSE POLARITY MONITOR
TELEPHONE AND CABLE TV CONNECTORS NEAR SHORELINE REEL
COAX CORD
AUXILIARY AIR COMPRESSOR WITH TWO SERVICE AIR CONNECTIONS (D/S AND C/S)
COSMETIC PANELS TO COVER ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
120 VOLT GFCI RECEPTACLE IN THE PLUMBING COMPARTMENT
330 AMP AIR COOLED ALTERNATOR FOR HOUSE SYSTEM
140 AMP AIR COOLED ALTERNATOR FOR CHASSIS SYSTEM
HVAC
AQUAHOT HEATER WITH THERMOSTATS IN PLUMBING COMPARTMENT
(4) ROOFTOP A/C UNITS LOW PROFILE (15,000 BTU’S EACH)
120 VAC CERAMIC HEATER IN FIRST, SECOND AND PLUMBING BAYS
ELECTRIC FLOOR HEAT
GENERATOR
POWERTECH ULTIMATE 17.5 KW TURBO GENERATOR
GENERATOR AUTO-START FEATURE (CONTROLLED BY LUTRON AND CRESTRON SYSTEMS)
GENERATOR BATTERY BOOST CIRCUITRY
GENERATOR PRIMARY FUEL FILTER
START/STOP SWITCHES AT THE FOLLOWING LOCATIONS:
* GENERATOR
* DRIVER’S AREA POWER PANEL
* INVERTER PANEL
* CRESTRON TOUCHSCREENS
* ANY REMOTE ACCESS COMPUTER
ROOF MOUNTED GENERATOR EXHAUST
ROOF MOUNTED COOLING SYSTEM FOR GENERATOR
FOUR INVERTER BYPASS SWITCHES
9
PLUMBING
AQUAHOT WATER HEATING SYSTEM WITH (2) 1500 WATT ELECTRIC HEATING ELEMENTS
HEADHUNTER 120 VOLT WATER PUMP
WATER PRESSURE REGULATOR
CARTRIDGE WATER FILTER SYSTEM
2 HOSE CARRIERS FOR DUMPING HOLDING TANKS
PAPER TOWEL AND SOAP DISPENSER
PLASTIC PLUMBING WITH FLEXIBLE LINES FOR VIBRATION ISOLATION
MANIFOLD SYSTEM WITH SHUT OFF VALVES TO ALL PLUMBING EQUIPMENT. (NO SHUTOFFS INSIDE THE
COACH INTERIOR; CONTINUOUS LINES RUN FROM THE MANIFOLD TO THE FIXTURE)
STAINLESS STEEL COVER
POLYPROPYLENE FRESH WATER TANK WITH CLEAN OUT (180 GALLONS)
POLYPROPYLENE GREY WATER TANK WITH CLEAN OUT (90 GALLONS)
POLYPROPYLENE BLACK WATER TANK WITH CLEAN OUT (90 GALLONS)
ELECTRIC OPERATED DUMP VALVES
TANK LEVEL MONITOR GAUGES AT ALL CRESTRON PANELS
CITY WATER INLET WITH MILLENNIUM AUTOMATIC FRESH WATER FILL SYSTEM
GRAVITY FILL FOR FRESH WATER TANK
MANUAL TANK CLEAN OUT VALVES FOR GREY AND BLACK TANK
HOSE BIB
STAINLESS STEEL COSMETIC PANELS TO COVER PLUMBING EQUIPMENT
BUILT IN PRESSURE WASHER WITH 75’ LINE ON REEL (1450 PSI)
BUILT IN DEIONIZER WITH BYPASS FOR SPOT FREE RINSE MODE
MACERATOR WITH ELECTRIC HOSE REEL
ABS PLASTIC UNDER THE PLUMBING EQUIPMENT
BAY ENTERTAINMENT CENTER
ENTERTAINMENT CABINET WITH STORAGE DRAWERS
REFRIGERATOR
BOSE WAVE AM/FM/CD/MP3 STEREO
42” LED FLAT SCREEN MONITOR ON PULLOUT ADJUSTABLE SLIDE SYSTEM
(4) ZIP DEE LAWN CHAIRS
KENYON CUSTOM SMOKELESS INFRA RED GRILL
Note: John faced some cancer in 2015. Sondra is his wife...
How tardy and bizarrely uncharacteristic of me to "come up short" Carol, on the genealogical history of the deceased equine entity called Tony.
Actually the initial send had more text....in my whimpering inadequacies.... I encountered a road block that was insurmountable for my chemo-laced brain.....I cried until Sondra came to my mewling puddle of shameful "masculine-tech" whining on the floor.....she tried to solve the dilemma .....and had "lift-off" for only a portion of the rocket.....basically it was a cluster fuck, a message that was intended for one planet.....but the message splintered,........you received some of the text, and some of it will arrive on Saturn's second inner ring, around 2525. The video that I tried to include with the text....imploded, folding in-ward unto itself.....consuming its life and frames until it resembled a tiny black jube-jube lying on the sidewalk.........not even the slugs were interested.
Tony was 22 when he died.....born in Saskatchewan......had papers.....not the kind of papers that illegal refugees have....but papers that proved he was pure Percheron. Tony was and is the only papered horse we have ever owned. Both his parents....sire and brood mare were registered Percheron. Percheron is a French heavy horse breed.....that basically opened the west, plowed the soil and pulled the goods.
In my world, being papered and registered means nothing....what does matter .......do I like what I see. And with Tony ....it was all good.
I'n John R's world of horses, registered and papered has meaning.
Sondra and I bought Tony along with another horse named Spider.....they were a team.....had worked as a team, pulling wagons and sleighs and also as a logging team for a teamster/logger/farmer/truck-driver from the 100 Mile House area of BC's Caribou region. Spider was a giant of a horse, also Percheron, not registered and not papered. Spider weighted about a ton, Tony was around 1800 lbs......
Spider was tall, quite a bit taller than Tony, so they looked a bit mis-matched....both horses were black as coal..........Tony had one white sock, rear right, if you are looking up the dirt chute........and both had their tails docked.... I'm not a fan of docked tails, but that's the way they came.
The year was 2004, when we heard about these boys being available.....we already had a team.....two wonderful Belgian/Percheron crosses, both unpapered and un-registered, that were named Pat and Mike, that we bought in 1999.
We were thinking of easing up on using Pat and Mike, as we were logging quite a bit. We wanted a younger team.....and Tony and Spider were around 10 ......a little side bar to horse trading.....a horse trader if he's trying to sell a horse , when confronted with the question .....
"so, how old is this horse"......will almost always tell you, he's 9. (old enough to know better but young enough to be strong and eager)(keep that in mind Carol, when it comes time to trade the old boy in)
To really know how old a horse is.....you look at his teeth, and if you know how to read the markings on their teeth, you can come to within a year or two. Many a 9 year old has turned out to be 17 or even older.
Sondra and I heard about the big blacks being for sale.....made some time to come up from the farm to have a look.
Always an adventure....searching out horses.
So up to the 100 Mile House area.....it was early summer....this area, high in elevation, excels in showing its beauty during the summer. It's sparsely populated.....a few small towns dot the region, to offer commerce and alcohol......the area is home to ranches, lots of large acreages, raising and growing beef..... As well as the ubiquitous logging industry.......give us some trees to exploit.
It's a gorgeous part of the province Carol, a high plateau, spotted with numerous lakes, expansive lodge pole pine forests, and these old, well worn ranch settlements.
It was one of these ranches that Tony and Spider were residing ......log house, log out-buildings, log fences, log barn.........right on the edge of a good sized lake.
Tom the owner was ready for us when we arrived....horses were at the hitching rail....harnessed and ready to perform.
But you never jump right into the task at hand .....you have to have the BC chats first.....sort of like kicking the tires when you are looking to buy a "new to you" truck......so the three of us are walking around the horses, hands running over their bodies, asking questions that don't always pertain to horses, "do you know such and such, he has a logging team near Princeton"......." where did these boys come from"...."when did you last use them"....."any problems"....."how are their feet"........"do these boys come with the harness"..... "how long have you lived up here"......."no kidding, I know Ted Guisbrech, we logged together over near Rock Creek".........and so on.
Then .....you ask if it would be ok to see them walk around.........he may say sure, take the lines, or he may say....sure, let me walk them first and then you can have a go.
All this seemingly unimportant prater......registers...it is all telling us about his relationship with his horses.....does he want to make sure the horses are calmed down when it comes time for us to drive them, .......does he think they might be a bit spooky if we take the lines.....is he setting the standard by showing us how he handles them.....all part of the game.
I want him to walk the horses around, to see what kind of relationship he has with them.....how he holds the lines ......where he stands.....how he gets them to move, does he "kiss them up", or "click" them up .....(two very distinct sounds in the horse world)....or does he remain silent, and communicate through the lines.....do they move on their own, when he grabs the lines......does he say their names to get them to move.......does he hold the lines....firm.......loosely.....does he slap the horses rears with the lines to get them to walk.....all of this shows me how this guy gets along with his horses.....gentle, coarsely, frantic, lazy, attentive, casual, ....and this gives me some incite into what we might be buying.
It's such a dance.....you want it to fall into place....you've invested 6 hours of travel one way......you like the initial viewing.....you need a team .....you want it to work. The foot work, the rhythm, the music, the touch, all these "things" need to be right for the dance to feel good...the flow....and eventually the coupling.
Where was I. .....oh yea.... Tom is walking the boys around, they have their harness on, the harness is well worn, with some minor binder-twine fix-it's......binder-twine....the non-natural material they use to tie bales of hay with.....it is ubiquitous with the horse world.....binder-twine is the rural duct-tape....you use it everywhere to tie down, to tie up, to keep apart, to shorten and to lengthen, you use it for clothes lines, and dog leashes, you use it to mark the planting lines for lettuce and carrots.....It almost always comes in the colour orange.....but now they have introduced the colour blue. It the very old days they used wire to wrap bales.
Tom walks the boys around the corral.....whoa-ing them up then asking them to step up(move ahead).....making them "gee" and "haw".....right and left......I watch how his hands work the lines.....lightly.....aggressively.....does he verbally communicate or is it all done with touch (pressure with the lines)......so the lines are long strips of leather or polypropylene that are attached to the bridle, a sort of head set that has the bit, the metal bar that is inserted to the horses mouth, attached to......so every time you pull on the lines it activates the bit......in a good or bad way.....gentle with the lines equates to gentle with the bit......aggressive with the lines, equates to harsh rough bit movement..........I'm certain Carol you've experienced this with the Hun. To get his attention (his noodle buried in a Conan movie) you sometimes have to jerk his bit.
So what you want to see as a perspective buyer, is the owner driving the horses around in a calm atmosphere.....no rodeos.....using "soft" hands........you want the horses displaying a zen.......a zone where they are willing to do what you ask of them.
Think Pointer Sisters......."I want a man with a slow hand....I Want a lover with an easy touch. I want a lover who will take some time. Not come and go in a heated rush"
Now that's what makes a perfect teamster.......Sondra points out that in the equine world, every teamster thinks he has soft hands. Phew, was that air leaving my body!
Then we attach the horses to the double-tree......sometimes made from hard wood and now usually made from metal.....this is the devise that is attached to two big leather straps that are attached to the horses harness.....these straps are called tugs....and then the double tree is attached to the device you want the horses to pull....ie. a wagon, a sleigh, a rake, a mower, or for our purposes a log. The double tree drags on the ground, so sometimes does not drag smoothly, as it gets caught up on debris , small babies, stumps, empty beer cases, that sort of thing......logging horses get acclimatized to this irregular pull and constant clanging, and are not spooked by the sound or pull.....uninitiated horses go ballistic....as they can never run away from the ragged feel, and the scary sound.
Tony and Spider were great.....and after numerous manoeuvres and requests.....lots of backing up, going forward.....asking them to take one step forward and whoa......asking them to stand while putting the lines on the ground......some horses will creep forward....
hooking them up to a big log and pulling it around.....doing the same tasks that we asked of them without the log..... we put them back to the hitching rail......removed their harness.
I ask Tom how "they load"......how easily do they go in a trailer.....a very important feature.....especially for people who move their horses around....like horse loggers.....always going to different sites.......some horses react to trailers like a 9 year old boy going to the dentist.....it can be hell.....and I've participated in many "rodeos" trying to get unwilling horses in a trailer. Both hard on the horse and the handler. Feet stepped on, smashed around by hyper animals, and that's before you get them in the trailer..... Securing them in the trailer is even more ramped up in terms of activity. So having calm, easy going horses to load...can be the deal sealer or breaker.Tom assures me that they "load easy"
We let the horses cool down......and then I picked up every foot......you want a cooperative horse when trimming hooves.....looked in their mouths to check teeth......hands feeling all over their bodies.....feeling and looking for bumps, irregularities, sores.....seeing how the harness fits them, any rubs, buckle wear, .......you try and do a full inspection..........just like the 50 point checkup that your Audi receives every 6 months.
For me it's all fun.....a chance to visit with another teamster.....to check out his stock....see new country.... hear some new lies and stories.
All the while the test drive and chit-chat is happening, Sondra and I are communicating about what we think about the team.....likes and dislikes....this is all done without talking....it's done with eyes, eye brows, facial wrinkles, nostril flares, smiles, hands, and head nods.....we don't want to diss the owner about the abilities of his team, or challenge anything he says about them.....we just register silently the good and bad......we didn't drive 6 hours to tell someone they have a badly mannered team of horses. It's a sort of rural respect and politeness that seems to prevail in rural Canada.
More generalized talk takes place....we find out more about his place.....some of the jobs he did with the team.....his daughter comes out of the house and jumps up on a saddle horse and rides around.....learn that he's bought a truck and car wash in 100 Mile House.....very entrepreneurial ...... He wanders off to feed some animals.... And Sondra and I kick a few horse buns around and decide yes, we want the team......
The negotiations are straight forward....we pay $4000....
In most horse transactions you buy the horse and the seller provides you with a halter and a lead rope......usually the most worn out and manure stained ones he can find in the tack shed.....often repaired with binder-twine, that use to be orange.
We manage, through friendly haggling, to get the harness, a double tree, and some pieces of harness "thrown in" with the 4 grand. We are happy with the deal, he's happy with the deal.
He agrees to feed the horses for a week, and Sondra and I will return the following weekend with our horse trailer, pick them up and bring them to Trinity Valley.
This adventure was wonderful.....a great way to start a new relationship with a new team......we were anxious to play with them, learn more about them.......and see what they could do.
The boys turned out to be all we wished for.....great addition to our already mature and well behaved team of Pat and Mike.....
Spider as he got older developed a rear hip malfunction.....that eventually made it very difficult for him to get up, after he would lie down for a rest and or a roll. At the end I was having to lift him up with the tractor....too complicated to describe, believe me it was as hard on me as it was on Spider.....Spider learned not to lie down too much .....and when he did, he'd try to position himself strategically on a slope so when it was time for lift-off, gravity would help. One time Spider lay down in his corral....winter time....in a hollow and couldn't rise up......thrashed around for awhile, making his bed a skating rink....total ice, caused by his body heat, ..... and even more difficult for him......finally as darkness was settling in I managed to get him up......this was becoming a problem.
In spring time I had a chat with the big boy......I was tiring of the effort it took to get him back up on all "four"...... Eventually the time came and he had his final lie-down.......
After Spider died, Tony was confused and then sad.....no more mate.....these horses when they are teamed up.....often act as one......they eat side by side, they rest side by side......when one heads off in a direction, the other one will follow......when one decides to let it all out and race around the field, full throttle, the other one copies. They are often joined at the hip. So Tony was bummed when Spider passed on, ........and he got little sympathy from the other team......at this point on the calendar, our original team of Pat and Mike, had both died, and we had bought another team, Jackie and Star, younger than both Spider and Tony, and this new team became our "go to team".
Jackie and Star, also Percheron's, also black, but with un-cropped tails, dragging on the ground, beautiful, true warriors......Don Monjoy was so proud of us for staying black, and staying Perch......this team was young, bold, frisky, and dominating. So Tony went to the bottom of the pecking order, and just wasn't too sure where he fit in. Sondra and I continued to show love and attention his way.....and Sondra would harness him and drive him around, but we always felt he was somewhat confused.......and missing his mate. But through that wondering, he was always a treat to be around.....he was extremely handsome.....very curious.....enormously smart.........and we always said he had a great ass.... And we will miss him.
Well now he can rejoin Spider......they can be a team again.
MUJI polypropylene Box
無印良品 ポリプロピレンメイクボックス 1/4
無印良品 ポリプロピレンコットン・綿棒ケース
2010.04から使用開始。PoICに最適のサイズ。
情報カードだけなら1000枚くらい入る。
高さが低めなので、カードを取り出しやすい。
野帳、Moleskine Pocketもジャストサイズ。
I churned out (at least, that is what it felt like) 25 new photos this afternoon, all taken at the Leonabelle Turner Birding Centre on 22 March 2019. This was such a great place to visit - would recommend it to anyone! We were so lucky to have sunshine while we were there, too.
Day 4, 22 March 2019, was a day of birding and also driving from Rockport, where we had stayed for three nights, to Kingsville, where we were going to stay for two nights at the Hampton Inn. All of these 25 photos were taken at the Leonabelle Turnbull Birding Centre, on the edge of the Port Aransas Nature Preserve. We really enjoyed this birding centre and their new boardwalk and tower. Lots of birds; even a huge Alligator.
From an article published on 2 January 2019:
"Work on a new boardwalk is underway at the Leonabelle Turnbull Birding Center. The old structure was destroyed by Hurricane Harvey in August 2017. A 700-foot replacement will connect the birding center to the Port Aransas Nature Preserve at Charlie’s Pasture. It’s the first new construction to take place in the preserve since the hurricane.
The new boardwalk, which will cost about $670,000, is more than a replacement, according to officials. It will be the first leg of future boardwalks designed to link sections of the preserve for better wildlife viewing.
It is being built of fiberglass-reinforced polypropylene grating rather than wood, which will make it stronger and less likely to be damaged by future storms. Because it is not buoyant, waves will crash through it and not lift it. At 7 feet above the surface, the new boardwalk is 2 feet higher than the previous structure."
www.ccbiznews.com/news/new-boardwalk-underway-at-port-ara...
PLEASE NOTE: You have permission to use this picture on your site(s) (both commercial/non-commercial) by giving credit to Bonsoni.com and link back to www.bonsoni.com
Check out some of my favourite items below!
Bonsoni Kendall Carpet Divers Polypropylene
Bonsoni Kendall Parasol Green with Structure in Aluminium
Bonsoni Kendall Parasol Blue with Structure in Aluminium
Viewed from Blackbridge, Timperley, Class 47 N° 47325 heads down the incline of the Partington branch with a Partington to Baglan Bag polypropylene train towards the loop at Skelton Junction where it will run around its train before heading off south in the direction of Chester on the 30th January 1985
VINTAGE 1970's Kodak Film CAMERA NECK STRAP. Its a technical shot - I shoot it for reason to show my friend this camera strap. Soft material on the under side of the strap... knit fabric . This is old camera strap - but true is - it is much better then new nylon ar even neopren camera straps. why? Becouse its in 2 time wider then regular straps - This makes the unit load per square centimeter of space twice in less than a nylon strap. Since this belt is made of fabric, it is not chemically interact with the surface of the skin. Theoretically, polypropylene material (of which now are made belts) can interact with moisture, which skin provides. Given that the plastic strap with friction increases the temperature of the skin in the area of contact, we can assume that this temperature may be enough to soften the material of nylon strap. We also know that the commutation of synthetic materials is a partial destruction in the chains of organic molecules of polymers. Many polymers are exposed to the process of depolymerization of the allocation of monomers, some of which are at a sufficient temperature and contact with water can produce toxic substances. Example monomer polystyrene - styrene. From microdoses styrene suffers heart, it is also embryogenic poison Styrene has a strong effect on the liver, causing among other things, and toxic hepatitis. Theoretically, we can assume that the belt is in contact with skin and if hot and humid air can create small doses of these compounds. That's why I chose a strap of non-synthetic material. Its old, but really comphortable camera strap.
As soon as I had made the red one, I wanted to see the results. Polypropylene and ROBO to the rescue. Clearly a better solution!
This is Chris Palmer's Table Flower. It was cut-scored on both sides with perfect registration and die-cut with my Craft ROBO. As a larger display object, it is intended to hold a bottle of wine in its center, but it does fold flat similarly to the infamous Flower Tower Chris designed over a decade ago.
Scan of 1968 The Robin Day Chairs Series US Catalog by John Stuart
"Polypropylene Armchair" design in 1967 by Robin Day for Hille (England)
90 & 92 Models
AREA51 mod. CS/1042 designed by "Paolo Lucidi & Luca Pevere"
Sedia impilabile in polipropilene / Polypropylene stackable chair.
Calligaris: design italiano per l'arredamento della casa.
Calligaris
Italian Smart Design since 1923
Five minutes to cut and score; two hours to fold!
For Ingrid’s unbelievable Paper Architecture, visit: ingrid-siliakus.exto.org
This is the Pony Bride from my childhood that I rerooted so long ago. I wanted to get a photo before I took her apart for cleaning a re-rerooting.
Basically, back then I was using straightened polypropylene craft curls. Why the braids? It's not just for style, it's keeping the hair from going all frizzy like it is at the ends. The stuff is garbage and I think that a pony with this much sentimental value deserves better. I've also got her veil soaking in some Oxy Clean to brighten it up a bit.
MODEL2010 Millennium H-3 45, Triple Slide
LENGTH45.0 FT
TYPEPrevost
ENGINE TYPEDetroit Diesel Series
FUEL TYPEDiesel
SLIDESThree (3)
COLORCustom
STOCK NUM#1298
Fully Loaded
Triple slide w/ two rear slides
Rear bath
CHASSIS SPECS
GENERAL
LENGTH, OVERALL45.0 FT.
WHEELBASE316.12 IN.
WIDTH, OVERALL102.0 IN.
HEIGHT, OVERALL149.0 IN.
FLOOR-TO-CEILING HEIGHT 83.0 IN
CABIN FLOOR HEIGHT (FROM THE GROUND)63.0 IN.
USABLE CABIN FLAT FLOOR LENGTH
(NO WHEEL HUMPS)37.5 FT.
UNDER-FLOOR STORAGe 505 CU.FT.
UNDER-FLOOR COMPARTMENTS DOORS WIDTH 48.5 IN.
ENTRANCE DOOR WIDTH 27.0 IN.
STEP HEIGHT 14.0 IN.
GROUND CLEARANCE 11.0 IN.
OVERHANG (INCL. BUMPER) — FRONT 75.0 IN.
OVERHANG (INCL. BUMPER) — REAR107.0 IN.
TURNING RADIUS41.8 FT.
BODY CONSTRUCTION (STRUCTURE) INTEGRAL STAINLESS STEEL
BODY CONSTRUCTION (OUTER SHELL)FIBER COMPOSITE
BODY CONSTRUCTION (SUB-FRAME)LOW-ALLOY/HIGH TENSILE STEEL
FUEL TANK (US GALS.) 230
FUEL FILLER NECKS ON BOTH SIDES
GROSS VEHICLE WEIGHT RATING (LBS.)
54,500
AXLE DESIGN LOAD CAPACITY (LBS.) – FRONT
18,000
AXLE DESIGN LOAD CAPACITY (LBS.) – DRIVE
22,500
AXLE DESIGN LOAD CAPACITY (LBS.) – TAG
14,000
CHASSIS WET WEIGHT - WITH DRIVER A/C (LBS.) 31,140
A/C REFRIGERANT 134 A
TIRES AND WHEELS
MICHELIN 315/80R22.5 (DRIVE)MICHELIN 365/70R22.5 (FRONT & TAG)
ALCOA ALUMINUM RIMS
22.5 X 10.5 IN. (FRONT & TAG AXLES)22.5 X 9 IN. (DRIVE AXLE)
POWERTRAIN
DETROIT DIESEL SERIES 60 W/EGR 14L-515HP (5-YR. WARRANTY)
3-SPEED ENGINE COOLING FAN
ALLISON WORLD B500, 6-SPEED AUTO. TRANS. (5-YR. WARRANTY)
CRUISE CONTROL
ALLISON HYDRAULIC TRANSMISSION RETARDER
PNEUMATIC DRIVE BELTS TENSIONERS
TURBO BOOST GAUGE
ENGINE COOLANT FILTER
RACOR FUEL FILTER
BRAKES
ALL-DISC BRAKES WITH ABS AND ELECTRONIC STABILITY PROGRAM
FRONT WHEELS BRAKE BOOSTERSTYPE 27
DRIVE WHEELS BRAKE BOOSTERSTYPE 24-24
TAG WHEELS BRAKE BOOSTERSTYPE 14-16
PARKING BRAKE BOOSTER ON TAG WHEELS
STEERING AND SUSPENSION
SMART WHEEL
PNEUMATIC TILT & TELESCOPIC STEERING WHEEL
ZF SERVOCOM CONSTANT POWER STEERING
ZF SERVOCOMTRONIC VARIABLE POWER STEERING
INDEPENDENT SUSPENSION SYSTEM
STEERING SLAVE CYLINDER
FRONT & DRIVE AXLES SWAY BARS
INTEGRATED PNEUMATIC LEVEL-LOW LEVELING SYSTEM
LIFTABLE TAG AXLE
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
FULLY MULTIPLEXED ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
12-VOLT EXT. LIGHTING
24-VOLT MAIN SYSTEM
SHELL ALTERNATOR (DRIVER A/C) 140 AMPS
MILLENNIUM INSTALLED HOUSE ALTERNATOR 335 AMPS
FACTORY-INSTALLED OPTIONAL EQUIPMENT
FACTORY SLIDE-OUTS (ALL-ELECTRICAL) 3 SLIDES
CURBSIDE FRONT NONE REAR 1’6” X 10’ 10”
ROADSIDE FRONT 2’ 6” REAR 1’6” X 10’ 10”
HIGH-INTENSITY HEADLIGHTS
FOG LIGHTS
RAMCO REMOTE CHROME HEATED REARVIEW MIRRORS
CENTRAL ELECTRICAL DOOR LOCKING SYSTEM
REMOTE KEYLESS LOCKING (ENTRANCE DOOR)
REMOTE KEYLESS LOCKING (COMPARTMENT DOORS)
TRAILER HITCH PACKAGE (20,000 LBS.)
LOW FUEL WARNING LIGHT
COURTESY LIGHTS BLINKER SWITCH
ENGINE AND COMPARTMENTS LIGHTING
KNOEDLER POWER CHIEF WITH HEATING, COOLING AND MASSAGING DRIVER SEAT
5 COLOR FACTORY EXTERIOR PAINT W/SPECIAL EFFECT AND SUPER CLEAR COAT
BACK-UP SOUND ALARM
HEADLAMPS CLEANING
XENON HEADLAMPS
GENERAL
LIGHTWEIGHT GRANITE COUNTERTOPS
AIR POCKET DOORS WITH ROD-LESS CYLINDERS
FLEXFOIL INSULATION ON INTERIOR OF SHELL
MARINE GRADE ELECTRICAL WIRE
LUTRON HOMEWORKS ILLUMINATION CONTROL SYSTEM WITH REMOTE DIAGNOSTICS OPTION
5 CRESTRON TOUCH SCREEN CONTROLLERS LINKED TO LUTRON HOMEWORKS OPERATING SYSTEM WITH I-PHONE / I-TOUCH AND LAPTOP CONTROLS
FULLTIME INTERNET WI-FI NETWORK CONNECTION
RUSSOUND CAV6.6 SIX-ZONE A/V PROCESSOR
(2) DVD/VCR RECORDERS WITH DIGITAL TUNERS
(2) SATELLITE DVR RECEIVERS
CEILING ACCENT ROPE LIGHTING THROUGHOUT USING LED TECHNOLOGY
MARINE GRADE SOLID BRASS ADJUSTABLE OVERHEAD LIGHTS
MULTI-ZONE AQUA HOT HEATING SYSTEM
INTERIOR AND EXTERIOR LED LIGHTING
MOTORIZED HUNTER DOUGLAS CELL SHADES
FRONT AND REAR CUSTOM SPOILERS
STATEROOM
MAIN VANITY
32” FLAT SCREEN LCD MONITOR
BOSE 321 GS SERIES SURROUND SOUND
AIPHONE INTERCOM WITH BUILT IN MONITOR TO VIEW ENTRY DOOR
MASTER LIGHTING SWITCH ON THE REAR NIGHTSTAND AND FRONT
ELECTRIC BLACK-OUT SHADES
PRE-WIRE FOR CEILING FAN
CARBON MONOXIDE DETECTOR
SMOKE DETECTOR
SPECIAL LIGHTWEIGHT SOUND INSULATION PACKAGE
FABRICA CARPETING WITH HIGH DENSITY PADDING
JR. KING ADJUSTABLE BED
LEFT AND RIGHT END TABLES AT HEAD OF THE BED
DRAWER BENEATH THE FOOT OF THE BED
MIRRORED CEILING
CUSTOM BEDDING
CARPET LINED WARDROBE CABINETS WITH CEDAR CEILINGS
LAVATORY
MID AND REAR LAVATORY WITH HEADHUNTER ELONGATED COMMODE WITH HOMETECH BIDET
OVERSIZED SHOWER IN REAR LAVATORY
120-VOLT VANITY LIGHTING
120-VOLT OUTLET IN BOTTOM AND INSIDE UPPER VANITY CABINET
FANTASTIC VENT WITH COVER IN COMMODE ROOM
AQUAHOT HEATER
PORCELAIN TILE FLOORS WITH GRANITE INLAYS
GRANITE COUNTERTOPS
SHAMPOO AND SOAP HOLDER
LOWER VANITY CABINET WITH FLUSH DOORS AND DRAWERS
MEDICINE CABINET
GALLEY
GE SIDE BY SIDE FULL SIZED REFRIGERATOR WITH 23.3 CUBIC FEET OF STORAGE
BREW EXPRESS COFFEE MAKER (RECESSED AND HARD PLUMBED)
TWO BURNER COOK TOP
STACKED BOSCH WASHER AND DRYER UNITS
MARINE-GRADE POWER PANEL
ADVANTIUM CONVECTION MICROWAVE
AQUAHOT HEATER
CENTRAL VACUUM
BAR DINETTE WITH ADJUSTABLE CUSTOM BUILT STOOLS WITH POP-UP COMPUTER/TV
SMOKE DETECTOR
AUTOMATIC INTERIOR LED CABINET LIGHTS
GALAXY GRANITE FLOORING WITH RED ONYX INCLUDING ELECTRIC FLOOR HEAT
FRANKE BEECH SINK SYSTEM WITH ACCESSORIES
SINGLE HANDLE FAUCET WITH BUILT-IN SPRAYER
FULL SIZED PANTRY
LIGHTWEIGHT CABINET CONSTRUCTION WITH WOOD VENEER AND POLYESTER FINISH
FISCHER PAYKEL DISH DRAWER
FRONT LOUNGE
LIFESTYLE V30 HOME THEATER SYSTEM
42’ LCD TELEVISION
ADAGIO MULTI MEDIA SERVER IN HD
EKRONE RECLINER
FIBERGLASS WINDOW SILLS
MOTORIZED HUNTER DOUGLAS CELL SHADES
SOFA (ELECTRIC FRAME) ON DRIVER’S SIDE WITH STORAGE BELOW
PILOT AND CO-PILOT SEATING AREA
110 VAC AND 12 VDC OUTLETS
KENWOOD/GARMIN AM/FM/DVD/GPS/MP3
MAPPING SYSTEM
15” ADJUSTABLE MONITOR AT PASSENGER SEAT
COLOR LCD BACKUP MONITOR WITH I-CONTROL FUNCTION
CB RADIO
MAP LIGHTS FOR CO-PILOT AND DRIVER
MASTER CONTROL SWITCHES
ELECTRIC PRIVACY SHADES
MAP STORAGE AND DRINK HOLDER
CARPETING BELOW THE DRIVER’S SEAT
KNOELDER AIR RIDE COOLED, HEATED AND MESSAGING DRIVER’S SEAT
BURL DASH PANELS
CUSTOM ENTRY DOOR DESIGN
SLIDE STEPWELL COVER
OPEN SHOE STORAGE IN STEPWELL
CUSTOM STEERING WHEEL WITH SMART FUNCTIONS
VILLA 28” WIDE CO-PILOT SEAT WITH THE FOLLOWING OPTIONS: RECLINE, FOOTREST, ELECTRIC SIX WAY POWER BASE, MASSAGE, HEATING, MAP STORAGE AND DRINK HOLDER
EXTERIOR GENERAL EQUIPMENT
UPPER AND LOWER LED BLUE ROPE LIGHTING
CB ANTENNA
CELLULAR PHONE ANTENNA
AM/FM ANTENNA
GPS ANTENNA
DIGITAL TV ANTENNA
INMOTION TRACSTAR SATELLITE
DISH WITH (2) RECEIVERS
COLOR DIRECTIONAL BACKUP CAMERA ON REAR OF COACH
AIPHONE DOORBELL / CAMERA NEXT TO ENTRANCE DOOR
4 FULL LENGTH ROOF MOUNTED AWNINGS WITH MOTION SENSORS (3-POSITION) SLIDEOUT / WINDOW / PATIO
(6) LED CURB LIGHTS
4 HIGH POWERED AIR HORNS IN NOSE FOR WIND NOISE REDUCTION
HWH ONE-TOUCH LEVELING SYSTEM
GENERATOR ROOF EXHAUST
CUSTOM PAINTED REAR WINDOW GRAPHICS
AQUAHOT ROOF EXHAUST
SIDE MARKER LIGHT TRIM
CHROME PLATED HEATED SIDE MIRRORS
LICENSE PLATE HOUSING-POLISHED S/S
MICROWAVE VENT
LED LIGHTS ON TOP AND BOTTOM OF COACH
BAY COMPARTMENTS
1ST BAY 101 CUBIC FEET OF STORAGE (CURBSIDE OR ROADSIDE)
2ND BAY 30 CUBIC FEET OF STORAGE (CURBSIDE)
3RD BAY 15 CUBIC FEET OF STORAGE (CURBSIDE)
(8) 8D MARINE DEEP CYCLE BATTERIES
(4) 3500 WATT OUTBACK INVERTERS
100 AMP VANNER BATTERY EQUALIZER
BATTERY TIE-IN RELAY (CONNECTING HOUSE BATTERIES TO CHASSIS BATTERIES AND CHASSIS BATTERIES TO HOUSE BATTERIES)
(4) BATTERY DISCONNECT SWITCHES
GLENDINNING ELECTRIC REEL FOR SHORELINE CORD (WITH WIRELESS REMOTE)SHORELINE CORD (60’)
ADAPTORS FOR SHORELINE FOR 30A AND 20A SERVICE
SHORELINE REVERSE POLARITY MONITOR
TELEPHONE AND CABLE TV CONNECTORS NEAR SHORELINE REEL
COAX CORD
AUXILIARY AIR COMPRESSOR WITH TWO SERVICE AIR CONNECTIONS (D/S AND C/S)
COSMETIC PANELS TO COVER ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
120 VOLT GFCI RECEPTACLES IN THE PLUMBING COMPARTMENT
330 AMP AIR COOLED ALTERNATOR FOR HOUSE SYSTEM
1 40 AMP AIR COOLED ALTERNATOR FOR CHASSIS SYSTEM
HVAC
AQUAHOT HEATER WITH THERMOSTATS IN PLUMBING COMPARTMENT
(4) ROOFTOP A/C UNITS LOW PROFILE (15,000 BTU’S EACH) CRESTRON CONTROLLED
120 VAC CERAMIC HEATER IN FIRST, SECOND AND PLUMBING BAYS
ELECTRIC FLOOR HEAT
GENERATOR
POWERTECH ULTIMATE 17.5 KW TURBO GENERATOR
GENERATOR AUTO-START FEATURE (CONTROLLED BY LUTRON AND CRESTRON SYSTEMS)
GENERATOR BATTERY BOOST CIRCUITRY
GENERATOR PRIMARY FUEL FILTER
START/STOP SWITCHES AT THE FOLLOWING LOCATIONS:
* GENERATOR
* DRIVER’S AREA POWER PANEL
* INVERTER PANEL
* CRESTRON TOUCHSCREENS
* ANY REMOTE ACCESS COMPUTER
ROOF MOUNTED GENERATOR EXHAUST
ROOF MOUNTED COOLING SYSTEM FOR GENERATOR
INVERTER BYPASS SWITCHES
PLUMBING
AQUAHOT WATER HEATING SYSTEM WITH (2) 1500 WATT ELECTRIC HEATING ELEMENTS
HEADHUNTER 120 VOLT WATER PUMP
WATER PRESSURE REGULATOR
CARTRIDGE WATER FILTER SYSTEM
2 HOSE CARRIERS FOR DUMPING HOLDING TANK HOSES
PAPER TOWEL AND SOAP DISPENSER
PLASTIC PLUMBING WITH FLEXIBLE LINES FOR VIBRATION ISOLATION
MANIFOLD SYSTEM WITH SHUT OFF VALVES TO ALL PLUMBING EQUIPMENT. (NO SHUTOFFS INSIDE THE COACH INTERIOR; CONTINUOUS LINES RUN FROM THE MANIFOLD TO THE FIXTURE)
STAINLESS STEEL COVER
POLYPROPYLENE FRESH WATER TANK WITH CLEAN OUT (200 GALLONS)
POLYPROPYLENE GREY WATER TANK WITH CLEAN OUT (100 GALLONS)
POLYPROPYLENE BLACK WATER TANK WITH CLEAN OUT (100 GALLONS)
ELECTRIC OPERATED DUMP VALVES
TANK LEVEL MONITOR GAUGES AT ALL CRESTRON PANELS AND REMOTE SYSTEMS
CITY WATER INLET WITH MILLENNIUM AUTOMATIC FRESH WATER FILL SYSTEM
GRAVITY FILL FOR FRESH WATER TANK
MANUAL TANK CLEAN OUT VALVES FOR GREY AND BLACK TANK
HOSE BIB
STAINLESS STEEL COSMETIC PANELS TO COVER PLUMBING EQUIPMENT
BUILT IN PRESSURE WASHER WITH 75’ LINE ON REEL (1450 PSI)
BUILT IN DEIONIZER WITH BYPASS FOR SPOT FREE RINSE MODE
MACERATOR WITH ELECTRIC HOSE REEL
ABS PLASTIC UNDER THE PLUMBING EQUIPMENT
ENTERTAINMENT CENTER
ENTERTAINMENT CABINET WITH STORAGE DRAWERS
REFRIGERATOR
BOSE 321 GS SERIES SURROUND SOUND
52” LCD FLAT SCREEN MONITOR ON PULLOUT ADJUSTABLE SLIDE SYSTEM
(4) ZIP DEE LAWN CHAIRS
KENYON CUSTOM SMOKELESS INFRA RED GRILL
Wool is the textile fiber obtained from sheep and other animals, including cashmere and mohair from goats, qiviut from muskoxen, angora from rabbits, and other types of wool from camelids.
Wool has several qualities that distinguish it from hair or fur: it is crimped and elastic.
CHARACTERISTICS
Wool is produced by follicles which are small cells located in the skin. These follicles are located in the upper layer of the skin called the epidermis and push down into the second skin layer called the dermis as the wool fibers grow. Follicles can be classed as either primary or secondary follicles. Primary follicles produce three types of fiber, Kemp (wool), medullated fibers and true wool fibers. Secondary follicles only produce true wool fibers. Medullated fibers share nearly identical characteristics to hair and are long but lack crimp and elasticity. Kemp fibers are very coarse and shed out.
Wool's scaling and crimp make it easier to spin the fleece by helping the individual fibers attach to each other, so they stay together. Because of the crimp, wool fabrics have greater bulk than other textiles, and they hold air, which causes the fabric to retain heat. Wool has a high specific heat coefficient, so it impedes heat transfer in general. This effect has benefited desert peoples, as Bedouins and Tuaregs use wool clothes for insulation.
Felting of wool occurs upon hammering or other mechanical agitation as the microscopic barbs on the surface of wool fibers hook together.
The amount of crimp corresponds to the fineness of the wool fibers. A fine wool like Merino may have up to 100 crimps per inch, while coarser wool like karakul may have as few as one or two. In contrast, hair has little if any scale and no crimp, and little ability to bind into yarn. On sheep, the hair part of the fleece is called kemp. The relative amounts of kemp to wool vary from breed to breed and make some fleeces more desirable for spinning, felting, or carding into batts for quilts or other insulating products, including the famous tweed cloth of Scotland.
Wool fibers readily absorb moisture, but are not hollow. Wool can absorb almost one-third of its own weight in water. Wool absorbs sound like many other fabrics. It is generally a creamy white color, although some breeds of sheep produce natural colors, such as black, brown, silver, and random mixes.
Wool ignites at a higher temperature than cotton and some synthetic fibers. It has a lower rate of flame spread, a lower rate of heat release, a lower heat of combustion, and does not melt or drip; it forms a char which is insulating and self-extinguishing, and it contributes less to toxic gases and smoke than other flooring products when used in carpets. Wool carpets are specified for high safety environments, such as trains and aircraft. Wool is usually specified for garments for firefighters, soldiers, and others in occupations where they are exposed to the likelihood of fire.
Wool is considered by the medical profession to be allergenic.
PROCESSING
SHEARING
Sheep shearing is the process by which the woolen fleece of a sheep is cut off. After shearing, the wool is separated into four main categories: fleece (which makes up the vast bulk), broken, bellies, and locks. The quality of fleeces is determined by a technique known as wool classing, whereby a qualified person called a wool classer groups wools of similar gradings together to maximize the return for the farmer or sheep owner. In Australia before being auctioned, all Merino fleece wool is objectively measured for micron, yield (including the amount of vegetable matter), staple length, staple strength, and sometimes color and comfort factor.
SCOURING
Wool straight off a sheep, known as "greasy wool" or "wool in the grease", contains a high level of valuable lanolin, as well as the sheep's dead skin and sweat residue, and generally also contains pesticides and vegetable matter from the animal's environment. Before the wool can be used for commercial purposes, it must be scoured, a process of cleaning the greasy wool. Scouring may be as simple as a bath in warm water or as complicated as an industrial process using detergent and alkali in specialized equipment. In north west England, special potash pits were constructed to produce potash used in the manufacture of a soft soap for scouring locally produced white wool.
In commercial wool, vegetable matter is often removed by chemical carbonization. In less-processed wools, vegetable matter may be removed by hand and some of the lanolin left intact through the use of gentler detergents. This semigrease wool can be worked into yarn and knitted into particularly water-resistant mittens or sweaters, such as those of the Aran Island fishermen. Lanolin removed from wool is widely used in cosmetic products such as hand creams.
QUALITY
FINENESS AND YIELD
Raw wool has many impurities; vegetable matter, sand, dirt and yolk which is a mixture of suint (sweat), grease, urine stains and dung locks. The sheeps body yields many types of wool, with differing strengths, thicknesses, length of staple and impurities. The raw wool (greasy) is processed into 'top'. 'Worsted top' requires strong straight and parallel fibres.
The quality of wool is determined by its fiber diameter, crimp, yield, color, and staple strength. Fiber diameter is the single most important wool characteristic determining quality and price.
Merino wool is typically 3–5 inches in length and is very fine (between 12 and 24 microns). The finest and most valuable wool comes from Merino hoggets. Wool taken from sheep produced for meat is typically more coarse, and has fibers 1.5 to 6 in (38 to 152 mm) in length. Damage or breaks in the wool can occur if the sheep is stressed while it is growing its fleece, resulting in a thin spot where the fleece is likely to break.
Wool is also separated into grades based on the measurement of the wool's diameter in microns and also its style. These grades may vary depending on the breed or purpose of the wool.
Any wool finer than 25 microns can be used for garments, while coarser grades are used for outerwear or rugs. The finer the wool, the softer it is, while coarser grades are more durable and less prone to pilling.
The finest Australian and New Zealand Merino wools are known as 1PP, which is the industry benchmark of excellence for Merino wool 16.9 microns and finer. This style represents the top level of fineness, character, color, and style as determined on the basis of a series of parameters in accordance with the original dictates of British wool as applied today by the Australian Wool Exchange (AWEX) Council. Only a few dozen of the millions of bales auctioned every year can be classified and marked 1PP.
In the United States, three classifications of wool are named in the Wool Products Labeling Act of 1939. "Wool" is "the fiber from the fleece of the sheep or lamb or hair of the Angora or Cashmere goat (and may include the so-called specialty fibers from the hair of the camel, alpaca, llama, and vicuna) which has never been reclaimed from any woven or felted wool product". "Virgin wool" and "new wool" are also used to refer to such never used wool. There are two categories of recycled wool (also called reclaimed or shoddy wool). "Reprocessed wool" identifies "wool which has been woven or felted into a wool product and subsequently reduced to a fibrous state without having been used by the ultimate consumer". "Reused wool" refers to such wool that has been used by the ultimate consumer.
HISTORY
Wild sheep were more hairy than woolly. Although sheep were domesticated some 9,000 to 11,000 years ago, archaeological evidence from statuary found at sites in Iran suggests selection for woolly sheep may have begun around 6000 BC, with the earliest woven wool garments having only been dated to two to three thousand years later.[19] Woolly-sheep were introduced into Europe from the Near East in the early part of the 4th millennium BC. The oldest known European wool textile, ca. 1500 BC, was preserved in a Danish bog. Prior to invention of shears - probably in the Iron Age - the wool was plucked out by hand or by bronze combs. In Roman times, wool, linen, and leather clothed the European population; cotton from India was a curiosity of which only naturalists had heard, and silks, imported along the Silk Road from China, were extravagant luxury goods. Pliny the Elder records in his Natural History that the reputation for producing the finest wool was enjoyed by Tarentum, where selective breeding had produced sheep with superior fleeces, but which required special care.
In medieval times, as trade connections expanded, the Champagne fairs revolved around the production of wool cloth in small centers such as Provins. The network developed by the annual fairs meant the woolens of Provins might find their way to Naples, Sicily, Cyprus, Majorca, Spain, and even Constantinople. The wool trade developed into serious business, a generator of capital. In the 13th century, the wool trade became the economic engine of the Low Countries and central Italy. By the end of the 14th century, Italy predominated, though Italian production turned to silk in the 16th century. Both industries, based on the export of English raw wool, were rivaled only by the 15th-century sheepwalks of Castile and were a significant source of income to the English crown, which in 1275 had imposed an export tax on wool called the "Great Custom". The importance of wool to the English economy can be seen in the fact that since the 14th century, the presiding officer of the House of Lords has sat on the "Woolsack", a chair stuffed with wool.
Economies of scale were instituted in the Cistercian houses, which had accumulated great tracts of land during the 12th and early 13th centuries, when land prices were low and labor still scarce. Raw wool was baled and shipped from North Sea ports to the textile cities of Flanders, notably Ypres and Ghent, where it was dyed and worked up as cloth. At the time of the Black Death, English textile industries accounted for about 10% of English wool production; the English textile trade grew during the 15th century, to the point where export of wool was discouraged. Over the centuries, various British laws controlled the wool trade or required the use of wool even in burials. The smuggling of wool out of the country, known as owling, was at one time punishable by the cutting off of a hand. After the Restoration, fine English woolens began to compete with silks in the international market, partly aided by the Navigation Acts; in 1699, the English crown forbade its American colonies to trade wool with anyone but England herself.
A great deal of the value of woolen textiles was in the dyeing and finishing of the woven product. In each of the centers of the textile trade, the manufacturing process came to be subdivided into a collection of trades, overseen by an entrepreneur in a system called by the English the "putting-out" system, or "cottage industry", and the Verlagssystem by the Germans. In this system of producing wool cloth, until recently perpetuated in the production of Harris tweeds, the entrepreneur provides the raw materials and an advance, the remainder being paid upon delivery of the product. Written contracts bound the artisans to specified terms. Fernand Braudel traces the appearance of the system in the 13th-century economic boom, quoting a document of 1275. The system effectively bypassed the guilds' restrictions.
Before the flowering of the Renaissance, the Medici and other great banking houses of Florence had built their wealth and banking system on their textile industry based on wool, overseen by the Arte della Lana, the wool guild: wool textile interests guided Florentine policies. Francesco Datini, the "merchant of Prato", established in 1383 an Arte della Lana for that small Tuscan city. The sheepwalks of Castile shaped the landscape and the fortunes of the meseta that lies in the heart of the Iberian peninsula; in the 16th century, a unified Spain allowed export of Merino lambs only with royal permission. The German wool market – based on sheep of Spanish origin – did not overtake British wool until comparatively late. The Industrial Revolution introduced mass production technology into wool and wool cloth manufacturing. Australia's colonial economy was based on sheep raising, and the Australian wool trade eventually overtook that of the Germans by 1845, furnishing wool for Bradford, which developed as the heart of industrialized woolens production.
Due to decreasing demand with increased use of synthetic fibers, wool production is much less than what it was in the past. The collapse in the price of wool began in late 1966 with a 40% drop; with occasional interruptions, the price has tended down. The result has been sharply reduced production and movement of resources into production of other commodities, in the case of sheep growers, to production of meat.
Superwash wool (or washable wool) technology first appeared in the early 1970s to produce wool that has been specially treated so it is machine washable and may be tumble-dried. This wool is produced using an acid bath that removes the "scales" from the fiber, or by coating the fiber with a polymer that prevents the scales from attaching to each other and causing shrinkage. This process results in a fiber that holds longevity and durability over synthetic materials, while retaining its shape.
In December 2004, a bale of the then world's finest wool, averaging 11.8 microns, sold for AU$3,000 per kilogram at auction in Melbourne, Victoria. This fleece wool tested with an average yield of 74.5%, 68 mm long, and had 40 newtons per kilotex strength. The result was A$279,000 for the bale. The finest bale of wool ever auctioned was sold for a seasonal record of AU$2690 per kilo during June 2008. This bale was produced by the Hillcreston Pinehill Partnership and measured 11.6 microns, 72.1% yield, and had a 43 newtons per kilotex strength measurement. The bale realized $247,480 and was exported to India.
In 2007, a new wool suit was developed and sold in Japan that can be washed in the shower, and which dries off ready to wear within hours with no ironing required. The suit was developed using Australian Merino wool, and it enables woven products made from wool, such as suits, trousers, and skirts, to be cleaned using a domestic shower at home.
In December 2006, the General Assembly of the United Nations proclaimed 2009 to be the International Year of Natural Fibres, so as to raise the profile of wool and other natural fibers.
PRODUCTION
Global wool production is about 2 million tonnes per year, of which 60% goes into apparel. Australia is a leading producer of wool which is mostly from Merino sheep, but has recently been eclipsed by China in terms of total weight. New Zealand is now (2016) the third-largest producer of wool, and the largest producer of crossbred wool. Breeds such as Lincoln, Romney, Drysdale, and Elliotdale produce coarser fibers, and wool from these sheep is usually used for making carpets.
In the United States, Texas, New Mexico, and Colorado have large commercial sheep flocks and their mainstay is the Rambouillet (or French Merino). Also, a thriving home-flock contingent of small-scale farmers raise small hobby flocks of specialty sheep for the hand-spinning market. These small-scale farmers offer a wide selection of fleece.
Organic wool is becoming more and more popular. This wool is very limited in supply and much of it comes from New Zealand and Australia. It is becoming easier to find in clothing and other products, but these products often carry a higher price. Wool is environmentally preferable (as compared to petroleum-based nylon or polypropylene) as a material for carpets, as well, in particular when combined with a natural binding and the use of formaldehyde-free glues.
Animal rights groups have noted issues with the production of wool, such as mulesing.
MARKETING
AUSTRALIA
About 85% of wool sold in Australia is sold by open cry auction. "Sale by sample" is a method in which a mechanical claw takes a sample from each bale in a line or lot of wool. These grab samples are bulked, objectively measured, and a sample of not less than 4 kg is displayed in a box for the buyer to examine. The Australian Wool Exchange conducts sales primarily in Sydney, Melbourne, Newcastle, and Fremantle. About 80 brokers and agents work throughout Australia.
About 7% of Australian wool is sold by private treaty on farms or to local wool-handling facilities. This option gives wool growers benefit from reduced transport, warehousing, and selling costs. This method is preferred for small lots or mixed butts to make savings on reclassing and testing.
About 5% of Australian wool is sold over the internet on an electronic offer board. This option gives wool growers the ability to set firm price targets, reoffer passed-in wool, and offer lots to the market quickly and efficiently. This method works well for tested lots, as buyers use these results to make a purchase. About 97% of wool is sold without sample inspection; however, as of December 2009, 59% of wool listed had been passed in from auction. Growers through certain brokers can allocate their wool to a sale and at what price their wool will be reserved.
Sale by tender can achieve considerable cost savings on wool clips large enough to make it worthwhile for potential buyers to submit tenders. Some marketing firms sell wool on a consignment basis, obtaining a fixed percentage as commission.
Forward selling: Some buyers offer a secure price for forward delivery of wool based on estimated measurements or the results of previous clips. Prices are quoted at current market rates and are locked in for the season. Premiums and discounts are added to cover variations in micron, yield, tensile strength, etc., which are confirmed by actual test results when available.
Another method of selling wool includes sales direct to wool mills.
OTHER COUNTRIES
The British Wool Marketing Board operates a central marketing system for UK fleece wool with the aim of achieving the best possible net returns for farmers.
Less than half of New Zealand's wool is sold at auction, while around 45% of farmers sell wool directly to private buyers and end-users.
United States sheep producers market wool with private or cooperative wool warehouses, but wool pools are common in many states. In some cases, wool is pooled in a local market area, but sold through a wool warehouse. Wool offered with objective measurement test results is preferred. Imported apparel wool and carpet wool goes directly to central markets, where it is handled by the large merchants and manufacturers.
YARN
Shoddy or recycled wool is made by cutting or tearing apart existing wool fabric and respinning the resulting fibers. As this process makes the wool fibers shorter, the remanufactured fabric is inferior to the original. The recycled wool may be mixed with raw wool, wool noil, or another fiber such as cotton to increase the average fiber length. Such yarns are typically used as weft yarns with a cotton warp. This process was invented in the Heavy Woollen District of West Yorkshire and created a microeconomy in this area for many years.
Rag is a sturdy wool fiber made into yarn and used in many rugged applications such as gloves.
Worsted is a strong, long-staple, combed wool yarn with a hard surface.
Woolen is a soft, short-staple, carded wool yarn typically used for knitting. In traditional weaving, woolen weft yarn (for softness and warmth) is frequently combined with a worsted warp yarn for strength on the loom.
USES
In addition to clothing, wool has been used for blankets, horse rugs, saddle cloths, carpeting,insulation and upholstery. Wool felt covers piano hammers, and it is used to absorb odors and noise in heavy machinery and stereo speakers. Ancient Greeks lined their helmets with felt, and Roman legionnaires used breastplates made of wool felt.
Wool has also been traditionally used to cover cloth diapers.[citation needed] Wool fiber exteriors are hydrophobic (repel water) and the interior of the wool fiber is hygroscopic (attracts water); this makes a wool garment suitable cover for a wet diaper by inhibiting wicking, so outer garments remain dry. Wool felted and treated with lanolin is water resistant, air permeable, and slightly antibacterial, so it resists the buildup of odor. Some modern cloth diapers use felted wool fabric for covers, and there are several modern commercial knitting patterns for wool diaper covers.
Initial studies of woolen underwear have found it prevented heat and sweat rashes because it more readily absorbs the moisture than other fibers.
Merino wool has been used in baby sleep products such as swaddle baby wrap blankets and infant sleeping bags.
As an animal protein, wool can be used as a soil fertilizer, being a slow-release source of nitrogen.
Researchers at the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology school of fashion and textiles have discovered a blend of wool and Kevlar, the synthetic fiber widely used in body armor, was lighter, cheaper and worked better in damp conditions than Kevlar alone. Kevlar, when used alone, loses about 20% of its effectiveness when wet, so required an expensive waterproofing process. Wool increased friction in a vest with 28–30 layers of fabric, to provide the same level of bullet resistance as 36 layers of Kevlar alone.
CARBON FOOTPRINT
The carbon footprint of woolen products is difficult to determine and varies considerably according to factors ranging from the conditions in which sheep are bred to the processes used to manufacture the products.
The average greenhouse gas footprint of wool in manufacturing carpets estimated at 5.48 kg CO2 equivalent per kg, when produced in Europe.
The carbon footprint of a 264.85g woolly jumper made from New Zealand merino wool averages about 1.667 kg CO2 equivalent at the point of purchase by a consumer, implying a carbon footprint of around 6 kg per kg of finished woolen product.
EVENTS
A buyer of Merino wool, Ermenegildo Zegna, has offered awards for Australian wool producers. In 1963, the first Ermenegildo Zegna Perpetual Trophy was presented in Tasmania for growers of "Superfine skirted Merino fleece". In 1980, a national award, the Ermenegildo Zegna Trophy for Extrafine Wool Production, was launched. In 2004, this award became known as the Ermenegildo Zegna Unprotected Wool Trophy. In 1998, an Ermenegildo Zegna Protected Wool Trophy was launched for fleece from sheep coated for around nine months of the year.
In 2002, the Ermenegildo Zegna Vellus Aureum Trophy was launched for wool that is 13.9 microns or finer. Wool from Australia, New Zealand, Argentina, and South Africa may enter, and a winner is named from each country. In April 2008, New Zealand won the Ermenegildo Zegna Vellus Aureum Trophy for the first time with a fleece that measured 10.8 microns. This contest awards the winning fleece weight with the same weight in gold as a prize, hence the name.
In 2010, an ultrafine, 10-micron fleece, from Windradeen, near Pyramul, New South Wales, won the Ermenegildo Zegna Vellus Aureum International Trophy.
Since 2000, Loro Piana has awarded a cup for the world's finest bale of wool that produces just enough fabric for 50 tailor-made suits. The prize is awarded to an Australian or New Zealand wool grower who produces the year's finest bale.
The New England Merino Field days which display local studs, wool, and sheep are held during January, in even numbered years around the Walcha, New South Wales district. The Annual Wool Fashion Awards, which showcase the use of Merino wool by fashion designers, are hosted by the city of Armidale, New South Wales, in March each year. This event encourages young and established fashion designers to display their talents. During each May, Armidale hosts the annual New England Wool Expo to display wool fashions, handicrafts, demonstrations, shearing competitions, yard dog trials, and more.
In July, the annual Australian Sheep and Wool Show is held in Bendigo, Victoria. This is the largest sheep and wool show in the world, with goats and alpacas, as well as woolcraft competitions and displays, fleece competitions, sheepdog trials, shearing, and wool handling. The largest competition in the world for objectively measured fleeces is the Australian Fleece Competition, which is held annually at Bendigo. In 2008, 475 entries came from all states of Australia, with first and second prizes going to the Northern Tablelands, New South Wales fleeces.
WIKIPEIDA