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SIMPLE = T / file does conform to FITS standard
BITPIX = -32 / number of bits per data pixel
NAXIS = 3 / number of data axes
NAXIS1 = 1080 / length of data axis 1
NAXIS2 = 1920 / length of data axis 2
NAXIS3 = 3 / length of data axis 3
EXTEND = T / FITS dataset may contain extensions
COMMENT FITS (Flexible Image Transport System) format is defined in 'Astronomy
COMMENT and Astrophysics', volume 376, page 359; bibcode: 2001A&A...376..359H
BZERO = 0. / Offset data range to that of unsigned short
BSCALE = 1. / Default scaling factor
PROGRAM = 'Siril 1.4.0-beta2' / Software that created this HDU
DATE = '2025-05-31T22:28:35' / UTC date that FITS file was created
DATE-OBS= '2025-05-31T09:45:01.686455' / YYYY-MM-DDThh🇲🇲ss observation start,
IMAGETYP= 'Light ' / Type of image
EXPTIME = 20. / [s] Exposure time duration
TELESCOP= 'S50_123896fd' / Telescope used to acquire this image
FILTER = 'LP ' / Active filter name
APERTURE= 5. / Aperture of the instrument
FOCALLEN= 252.304 / [mm] Focal length
XBINNING= 1 / Camera binning mode
YBINNING= 1 / Camera binning mode
XPIXSZ = 2.9 / [um] Pixel X axis size
YPIXSZ = 2.9 / [um] Pixel Y axis size
INSTRUME= 'Seestar S50' / Instrument name
CCD-TEMP= 19.625 / [degC] CCD temperature
GAIN = 80 / Sensor gain
BAYERPAT= 'GRBG ' / Bayer color pattern
FOCPOS = 1755 / [step] Focuser position
STACKCNT= 421 / Stack frames
OBJECT = 'M 27 ' / Name of the object of interest
SITELAT = 35.7786 / [deg] Observation site latitude
SITELONG= -86.8795 / [deg] Observation site longitude
OBJCTRA = '19 59 32.780' / [H M S] Image center Right Ascension
OBJCTDEC= '+22 41 41.197' / [D M S] Image center Declination
RA = 299.886583530977 / [deg] Image center Right Ascension
DEC = 22.6947769216981 / [deg] Image center Declination
CTYPE1 = 'RA---TAN-SIP' / TAN (gnomic) projection + SIP distortions
CTYPE2 = 'DEC--TAN-SIP' / TAN (gnomic) projection + SIP distortions
CUNIT1 = 'deg ' / Unit of coordinates
CUNIT2 = 'deg ' / Unit of coordinates
EQUINOX = 2000. / Equatorial equinox
CRPIX1 = 540.5 / Axis1 reference pixel
CRPIX2 = 960.5 / Axis2 reference pixel
CRVAL1 = 299.886583530977 / [deg] Axis1 reference value
CRVAL2 = 22.6947769216981 / [deg] Axis2 reference value
LONPOLE = 180. / Native longitude of celestial pole
CDELT1 = -0.000658450437231544 / [deg] X pixel size
CDELT2 = 0.000658675224173079 / [deg] Y pixel size
PC1_1 = 0.999999621326472 / Linear transformation matrix (1, 1)
PC1_2 = 0.000870256808540633 / Linear transformation matrix (1, 2)
PC2_1 = 0.000927272136576244 / Linear transformation matrix (2, 1)
PC2_2 = -0.9999995700831 / Linear transformation matrix (2, 2)
A_ORDER = 3 / SIP polynomial degree, axis 1, pixel-to-sky
A_0_0 = 0.
A_1_0 = 0.
A_0_1 = 0.
A_2_0 = -3.75551074224103E-07
A_1_1 = 4.70621980131655E-08
A_0_2 = -6.46199740980993E-08
A_3_0 = -2.06414460548833E-10
A_2_1 = 2.28072188194465E-12
A_1_2 = -1.18426127608931E-10
A_0_3 = -4.75443001579988E-12
B_ORDER = 3 / SIP polynomial degree, axis 2, pixel-to-sky
B_0_0 = 0.
B_1_0 = 0.
B_0_1 = 0.
B_2_0 = 2.33528382502947E-08
B_1_1 = -2.7699444791217E-07
B_0_2 = 1.11543105135615E-08
B_3_0 = -3.0817154867509E-10
B_2_1 = -3.15067124969027E-11
B_1_2 = -1.35065308183837E-11
B_0_3 = -3.8943227939089E-11
AP_ORDER= 3 / SIP polynomial degree, axis 1, sky-to-pixel
AP_0_0 = -1.2935141754458E-05
AP_1_0 = 7.47422390645625E-09
AP_0_1 = -1.83851387227512E-09
AP_2_0 = 3.75737040541087E-07
AP_1_1 = -4.70688526910942E-08
AP_0_2 = 6.46542348013858E-08
AP_3_0 = 2.06714915740501E-10
AP_2_1 = -2.32252533027838E-12
AP_1_2 = 1.18522521237245E-10
AP_0_3 = 4.75228000034824E-12
BP_ORDER= 3 / SIP polynomial degree, axis 2, sky-to-pixel
BP_0_0 = -5.74380370311076E-06
BP_1_0 = -1.00036284898605E-08
BP_0_1 = 2.44613751476663E-09
BP_2_0 = -2.32079759435774E-08
BP_1_1 = 2.77052406094745E-07
BP_0_2 = -1.11498937265249E-08
BP_3_0 = 3.08253605705153E-10
BP_2_1 = 3.16804835338791E-11
BP_1_2 = 1.35037926197768E-11
BP_0_3 = 3.89635372178474E-11
PLTSOLVD= T / Siril internal solver
HISTORY Plate Solve
HISTORY Photometric CC (algorithm: SPCC)
HISTORY Histogram Transf. (mid=0.105, lo=0.008, hi=1.000)
HISTORY Histogram Transf. (mid=0.060, lo=0.014, hi=1.000)
HISTORY Histogram Transf. (mid=0.129, lo=0.024, hi=1.000)
HISTORY Histogram Transf. (mid=0.436, lo=0.000, hi=1.000)
HISTORY Saturation enhancement (amount=0.25)
HISTORY NL-Bayes denoise (mod=1.000, CC enabled)
CREATOR = 'ZWO Seestar S50' / Capture software
PRODUCER= 'ZWO ' / Powered by ZWO
XORGSUBF= 0 / Subframe X position in binned pixels
YORGSUBF= 0 / Subframe Y position in binned pixels
EQMODE = 1 / Equatorial mode
CCDXBIN = 1 / Camera X Bin
CCDYBIN = 1 / Camera Y Bin
TOTALEXP= 8420. / Total Exposure Time in seconds
IMAGEW = 1080 / Image width, in pixels.
IMAGEH = 1920 / Image height, in pixels.
BG-EXTR = 'GraXpert'
CBG-1 = 0.0095570935
CBG-2 = 0.0095570935
CBG-3 = 0.0095570935
INTP-OPT= 'AI '
HIERARCH SMOOTHING = 0.5
HIERARCH CORR-TYPE = 'Subtraction'
HIERARCH BGE-AI-VER = '1.0.1 '
END
SIMPLE = T / file does conform to FITS standard
BITPIX = -32 / number of bits per data pixel
NAXIS = 3 / number of data axes
NAXIS1 = 3233 / length of data axis 1
NAXIS2 = 2381 / length of data axis 2
NAXIS3 = 3 / length of data axis 3
EXTEND = T / FITS dataset may contain extensions
COMMENT FITS (Flexible Image Transport System) format is defined in 'Astronomy
COMMENT and Astrophysics', volume 376, page 359; bibcode: 2001A&A...376..359H
BZERO = 0. / Offset data range to that of unsigned short
BSCALE = 1. / Default scaling factor
PROGRAM = 'Siril 1.4.0-beta2' / Software that created this HDU
DATE = '2025-05-30T15:34:34' / UTC date that FITS file was created
DATE-OBS= '2025-05-29T22:51:11.440000' / YYYY-MM-DDThh🇲🇲ss observation start,
IMAGETYP= 'LIGHT ' / Type of image
ROWORDER= 'BOTTOM-UP' / Order of the rows in image array
EXPTIME = 180. / [s] Exposure time duration
TELESCOP= 'Evolux62ED + red 0,9X' / Telescope used to acquire this image
FOCALLEN= 362.746 / [mm] Focal length
CENTALT = 46.5351886177 / [deg] Altitude of telescope
CENTAZ = 328.529153054 / [deg] Azimuth of telescope
XBINNING= 1 / Camera binning mode
YBINNING= 1 / Camera binning mode
XPIXSZ = 4.80000019073486 / [um] Pixel X axis size
YPIXSZ = 4.80000019073486 / [um] Pixel Y axis size
INSTRUME= 'QHY168C ' / Instrument name
CCD-TEMP= -10.1 / [degC] CCD temperature
SET-TEMP= -10. / [degC] CCD temperature setpoint
GAIN = 10 / Sensor gain
OFFSET = 50 / Sensor gain offset
STACKCNT= 50 / Stack frames
LIVETIME= 9000. / [s] Exposure time after deadtime correction
EXPSTART= 2460825.44591554 / [JD] Exposure start time (standard Julian date)
EXPEND = 2460825.58988351 / [JD] Exposure end time (standard Julian date)
OBJECT = 'M 81 ' / Name of the object of interest
AIRMASS = 1.37656926256564 / Airmass at frame center (Gueymard 1993)
SITELAT = 47.8461111111111 / [deg] Observation site latitude
SITELONG= 2.03333333333333 / [deg] Observation site longitude
SITEELEV= 100. / [m] Observation site elevation
OBJCTRA = '09 56 28.991' / [H M S] Image center Right Ascension
OBJCTDEC= '+69 13 39.535' / [D M S] Image center Declination
RA = 149.120797829765 / [deg] Image center Right Ascension
DEC = 69.2276487128759 / [deg] Image center Declination
CTYPE1 = 'RA---TAN-SIP' / TAN (gnomic) projection + SIP distortions
CTYPE2 = 'DEC--TAN-SIP' / TAN (gnomic) projection + SIP distortions
CUNIT1 = 'deg ' / Unit of coordinates
CUNIT2 = 'deg ' / Unit of coordinates
EQUINOX = 2000. / Equatorial equinox
CRPIX1 = 1398.5 / Axis1 reference pixel
CRPIX2 = 1324.5 / Axis2 reference pixel
CRVAL1 = 149.232400331936 / [deg] Axis1 reference value
CRVAL2 = 69.4176747680329 / [deg] Axis2 reference value
LONPOLE = 180. / Native longitude of celestial pole
CDELT1 = -0.00075846636598721 / [deg] X pixel size
CDELT2 = 0.000757856678281084 / [deg] Y pixel size
PC1_1 = 0.684319883532855 / Linear transformation matrix (1, 1)
PC1_2 = 0.729181936831666 / Linear transformation matrix (1, 2)
PC2_1 = -0.72912939960989 / Linear transformation matrix (2, 1)
PC2_2 = 0.684375860638379 / Linear transformation matrix (2, 2)
A_ORDER = 3 / SIP polynomial degree, axis 1, pixel-to-sky
A_0_0 = 0.
A_1_0 = 0.
A_0_1 = 0.
A_2_0 = 4.88282691352465E-07
A_1_1 = -4.84143767300149E-08
A_0_2 = 2.47902930496684E-07
A_3_0 = -9.38902752301354E-10
A_2_1 = -2.60908941548892E-11
A_1_2 = -9.59812714947483E-10
A_0_3 = -2.43623482638473E-10
B_ORDER = 3 / SIP polynomial degree, axis 2, pixel-to-sky
B_0_0 = 0.
B_1_0 = 0.
B_0_1 = 0.
B_2_0 = -5.55579050606427E-08
B_1_1 = 2.85841832834249E-07
B_0_2 = -1.71345239101971E-07
B_3_0 = -5.37968508068464E-11
B_2_1 = -1.06440014406305E-09
B_1_2 = -2.85233836657898E-12
B_0_3 = -8.98180265970671E-10
AP_ORDER= 3 / SIP polynomial degree, axis 1, sky-to-pixel
AP_0_0 = 0.0128303089794321
AP_1_0 = -5.52758456159319E-05
AP_0_1 = -1.03930010898326E-05
AP_2_0 = -5.0466446282257E-07
AP_1_1 = 5.04489272149756E-08
AP_0_2 = -2.54046104525162E-07
AP_3_0 = 9.65790534423701E-10
AP_2_1 = 3.06235131352588E-11
AP_1_2 = 9.91309560570671E-10
AP_0_3 = 2.5020950408452E-10
BP_ORDER= 3 / SIP polynomial degree, axis 2, sky-to-pixel
BP_0_0 = -0.0028162775575758
BP_1_0 = -5.58511609164564E-06
BP_0_1 = -4.20740732082203E-05
BP_2_0 = 5.68390105826947E-08
BP_1_1 = -2.9435324378723E-07
BP_0_2 = 1.74875324548103E-07
BP_3_0 = 5.59034993100432E-11
BP_2_1 = 1.09476749115569E-09
BP_1_2 = 6.72664307213777E-12
BP_0_3 = 9.19144264237707E-10
DATE-LOC= '2025-05-30T00:51:11.440' / Time of observation (local)
MJD-OBS = 60824.9522157409 / Modified Julian Date of observation
DATE-AVG= '2025-05-29T22:52:40.986' / Averaged midpoint time (UTC)
MJD-AVG = 60824.953252153 / Modified Julian Date of averaged midpoint
CAMERAID= 'QHY168C-f3c29947a8d19c337' / Imaging instrument identifier
USBLIMIT= 0 / Camera-specific USB setting
FOCRATIO= 58.0 / Focal ratio
PIERSIDE= 'East' / Telescope pointing state
OBJCTROT= 312.29 / [deg] planned rotation of imaged object
ROTNAME = 'Manual Rotator' / Rotator equipment name
ROTATOR = 312.086853027344 / [deg] Mechanical rotator angle
ROTATANG= 312.086853027344 / [deg] Mechanical rotator angle
ROTSTPSZ= 0.0 / [deg] Rotator step size
END
Multiply polynomials with polynomial multiplication calculator www.easycalculation.com/algebra/polynomial-multiplication...
Histograms demonstrating the calculation of the R iso, sky (E, L) function. Top left: amount of time Fermi spent while at each L bin; top
right: number of events in the
θ< 50◦subset of the isotropic-component data set detected while Fermi was inside each of the L bins; bottom: ratio
of these two histograms showing the detection rate of such events while at some
L bin. We fit the rate histogram with a fifth degree polynomial,
shown with the black curve. The histograms shown here correspond to log-energy bin #1 (energy≃100 MeV).
Polynomial Diffusion Models for Life Insurance Liabilities. Biagini, Zhang arxiv.org/abs/1602.07910 #q-fin
We did this lame shit in Algebra II with graphing of polynomials, reducing them to prime factors, and then graphing them. This was my response.
SIMPLE = T / file does conform to FITS standard
BITPIX = -32 / number of bits per data pixel
NAXIS = 3 / number of data axes
NAXIS1 = 6036 / length of data axis 1
NAXIS2 = 4020 / length of data axis 2
NAXIS3 = 3 / length of data axis 3
EXTEND = T / FITS dataset may contain extensions
COMMENT FITS (Flexible Image Transport System) format is defined in 'Astronomy
COMMENT and Astrophysics', volume 376, page 359; bibcode: 2001A&A...376..359H
BZERO = 0. / Offset data range to that of unsigned short
BSCALE = 1. / Default scaling factor
PROGRAM = 'Siril 1.4.0-beta4' / Software that created this HDU
FILENAME= 'img_0011.nef'
DATE = '2025-11-01T10:06:59' / UTC date that FITS file was created
DATE-OBS= '2017-08-20T22:39:36' / YYYY-MM-DDThh🇲🇲ss observation start, UT
ROWORDER= 'BOTTOM-UP' / Order of the rows in image array
EXPTIME = 123. / [s] Exposure time duration
ISOSPEED= 250. / ISO camera setting
FOCALLEN= 1158.489 / [mm] Focal length
XBINNING= 1 / Camera binning mode
YBINNING= 1 / Camera binning mode
XPIXSZ = 5. / [um] Pixel X axis size
YPIXSZ = 5. / [um] Pixel Y axis size
INSTRUME= 'Nikon D5200' / Instrument name
STACKCNT= 78 / Stack frames
LIVETIME= 9529.5998916626 / [s] Exposure time after deadtime correction
EXPSTART= 2457986.43081019 / [JD] Exposure start time (standard Julian date)
EXPEND = 2457986.61906943 / [JD] Exposure end time (standard Julian date)
OBJCTRA = '00 42 26.189' / [H M S] Image center Right Ascension
OBJCTDEC= '+41 19 38.552' / [D M S] Image center Declination
RA = 10.6091190843413 / [deg] Image center Right Ascension
DEC = 41.3273755778947 / [deg] Image center Declination
CTYPE1 = 'RA---TAN-SIP' / TAN (gnomic) projection + SIP distortions
CTYPE2 = 'DEC--TAN-SIP' / TAN (gnomic) projection + SIP distortions
CUNIT1 = 'deg ' / Unit of coordinates
CUNIT2 = 'deg ' / Unit of coordinates
EQUINOX = 2000. / Equatorial equinox
CRPIX1 = 3018.5 / Axis1 reference pixel
CRPIX2 = 2010.5 / Axis2 reference pixel
CRVAL1 = 10.6091190843413 / [deg] Axis1 reference value
CRVAL2 = 41.3273755778947 / [deg] Axis2 reference value
LONPOLE = 180. / Native longitude of celestial pole
CDELT1 = -0.000247277488832208 / [deg] X pixel size
CDELT2 = 0.000247295686311149 / [deg] Y pixel size
PC1_1 = 0.723517411000228 / Linear transformation matrix (1, 1)
PC1_2 = 0.690306132074406 / Linear transformation matrix (1, 2)
PC2_1 = -0.690449231186407 / Linear transformation matrix (2, 1)
PC2_2 = 0.723380853461094 / Linear transformation matrix (2, 2)
A_ORDER = 3 / SIP polynomial degree, axis 1, pixel-to-sky
A_0_0 = 0.
A_1_0 = 0.
A_0_1 = 0.
A_2_0 = 2.60771910752349E-08
A_1_1 = -1.86634136428528E-08
A_0_2 = 4.06674834757682E-08
A_3_0 = -6.05931488148592E-10
A_2_1 = 2.56883210469854E-11
A_1_2 = -6.53524530828069E-10
A_0_3 = 7.25083282937301E-11
B_ORDER = 3 / SIP polynomial degree, axis 2, pixel-to-sky
B_0_0 = 0.
B_1_0 = 0.
B_0_1 = 0.
B_2_0 = 1.50276602598993E-07
B_1_1 = -1.6434617742354E-08
B_0_2 = -1.98369209680245E-08
B_3_0 = 3.90050019482281E-11
B_2_1 = -5.74875020546825E-10
B_1_2 = -4.68060214532268E-11
B_0_3 = -5.39125306836144E-10
AP_ORDER= 3 / SIP polynomial degree, axis 1, sky-to-pixel
AP_0_0 = 0.00466628178056705
AP_1_0 = -5.77783443298507E-05
AP_0_1 = 2.46590735907731E-06
AP_2_0 = -2.7642869210866E-08
AP_1_1 = 1.86261052482085E-08
AP_0_2 = -4.20836666275435E-08
AP_3_0 = 6.23033563027215E-10
AP_2_1 = -2.72709576667416E-11
AP_1_2 = 6.74726273410097E-10
AP_0_3 = -7.40353685585022E-11
BP_ORDER= 3 / SIP polynomial degree, axis 2, sky-to-pixel
BP_0_0 = 0.00238839704565799
BP_1_0 = 7.02212940738368E-08
BP_0_1 = -3.74149093612663E-05
BP_2_0 = -1.52984415511728E-07
BP_1_1 = 1.54068935989443E-08
BP_0_2 = 1.95356304418592E-08
BP_3_0 = -3.98923175670779E-11
BP_2_1 = 5.90706303502153E-10
BP_1_2 = 4.75457974444921E-11
BP_0_3 = 5.5121324303925E-10
PLTSOLVD= T / Siril internal solver
HISTORY Extraction du gradient (Correction : Subtraction)
HISTORY R solution astrom trique
HISTORY Photom trie CC (algorithme : PCC)
HISTORY D convolution
HISTORY Transf. histogramme (mid=0.001, lo=0.100, hi=1.000)
HISTORY SCNR (type=neutre moyen, qt =1.00, pr serve=true)
HISTORY Rehaussement de la saturation (quantit =0.25)
END