View allAll Photos Tagged polynomials
using a parabolic gradient for the blur and tweaked the polynomial for a narrrower band. Rendering too a long arse to generate this image..not sure why....
knitting projects - an ipod cover which I made too large so now it's a camera case, a polynomial camera bag (video camera), and the robot toy (in progress) for Amelie. plus my pattern book with notes
SIMPLE = T / file does conform to FITS standard
BITPIX = -32 / number of bits per data pixel
NAXIS = 3 / number of data axes
NAXIS1 = 1025 / length of data axis 1
NAXIS2 = 1844 / length of data axis 2
NAXIS3 = 3 / length of data axis 3
EXTEND = T / FITS dataset may contain extensions
COMMENT FITS (Flexible Image Transport System) format is defined in 'Astronomy
COMMENT and Astrophysics', volume 376, page 359; bibcode: 2001A&A...376..359H
BZERO = 0. / Offset data range to that of unsigned short
BSCALE = 1. / Default scaling factor
MIPS-HI = 63538 / Lower visualization cutoff
MIPS-LO = 3739 / Upper visualization cutoff
PROGRAM = 'Siril 1.4.0-beta2' / Software that created this HDU
FILENAME= 'Light_NGC 6960_20.0s_LP_20250615-031807.fit'
DATE = '2025-06-15T14:49:32' / UTC date that FITS file was created
DATE-OBS= '2025-06-15T08:17:44.199239' / YYYY-MM-DDThh🇲🇲ss observation start,
IMAGETYP= 'Light ' / Type of image
ROWORDER= 'BOTTOM-UP' / Order of the rows in image array
EXPTIME = 20. / [s] Exposure time duration
TELESCOP= 'S50_f1c10930' / Telescope used to acquire this image
FILTER = 'mixed ' / Active filter name
APERTURE= 5. / Aperture of the instrument
FOCALLEN= 251.973 / [mm] Focal length
XBINNING= 1 / Camera binning mode
YBINNING= 1 / Camera binning mode
XPIXSZ = 2.90000009536743 / [um] Pixel X axis size
YPIXSZ = 2.90000009536743 / [um] Pixel Y axis size
INSTRUME= 'Seestar S50' / Instrument name
CCD-TEMP= 24.125 / [degC] CCD temperature
GAIN = 80 / Sensor gain
FOCPOS = 1609 / [step] Focuser position
STACKCNT= 353 / Stack frames
LIVETIME= 7060. / [s] Exposure time after deadtime correction
EXPSTART= 2460841.65368447 / [JD] Exposure start time (standard Julian date)
EXPEND = 2460841.88803402 / [JD] Exposure end time (standard Julian date)
OBJECT = 'NGC 6960' / Name of the object of interest
SITELAT = 41.7559 / [deg] Observation site latitude
SITELONG= -88.1817 / [deg] Observation site longitude
OBJCTRA = '20 45 53.999' / [H M S] Image center Right Ascension
OBJCTDEC= '+30 42 34.755' / [D M S] Image center Declination
RA = 311.474996729012 / [deg] Image center Right Ascension
DEC = 30.7096540680233 / [deg] Image center Declination
CTYPE1 = 'RA---TAN-SIP' / TAN (gnomic) projection + SIP distortions
CTYPE2 = 'DEC--TAN-SIP' / TAN (gnomic) projection + SIP distortions
CUNIT1 = 'deg ' / Unit of coordinates
CUNIT2 = 'deg ' / Unit of coordinates
EQUINOX = 2000. / Equatorial equinox
CRPIX1 = 540.5 / Axis1 reference pixel
CRPIX2 = 960.5 / Axis2 reference pixel
CRVAL1 = 311.474996729012 / [deg] Axis1 reference value
CRVAL2 = 30.7096540680233 / [deg] Axis2 reference value
LONPOLE = 180. / Native longitude of celestial pole
CDELT1 = -0.000659369714430329 / [deg] X pixel size
CDELT2 = 0.000659486369621355 / [deg] Y pixel size
PC1_1 = 0.999937182715875 / Linear transformation matrix (1, 1)
PC1_2 = -0.0112085066908687 / Linear transformation matrix (1, 2)
PC2_1 = 0.0109177171842403 / Linear transformation matrix (2, 1)
PC2_2 = 0.999940399949659 / Linear transformation matrix (2, 2)
A_ORDER = 3 / SIP polynomial degree, axis 1, pixel-to-sky
A_0_0 = 0.
A_1_0 = 0.
A_0_1 = 0.
A_2_0 = -2.83969006169435E-07
A_1_1 = -6.32703072964155E-08
A_0_2 = -7.13563925467378E-08
A_3_0 = 5.80146732456915E-11
A_2_1 = 1.85636817844204E-11
A_1_2 = 7.85550780392795E-11
A_0_3 = -4.03360968243548E-12
B_ORDER = 3 / SIP polynomial degree, axis 2, pixel-to-sky
B_0_0 = 0.
B_1_0 = 0.
B_0_1 = 0.
B_2_0 = -3.49475775181142E-08
B_1_1 = -1.53924781281742E-07
B_0_2 = -2.55103928583899E-07
B_3_0 = 6.64412624288153E-11
B_2_1 = 1.76188447879581E-10
B_1_2 = 1.15009521367569E-11
B_0_3 = 1.13653024340474E-10
AP_ORDER= 3 / SIP polynomial degree, axis 1, sky-to-pixel
AP_0_0 = 6.99781748196637E-06
AP_1_0 = -4.85269324723703E-09
AP_0_1 = 5.08554449800355E-10
AP_2_0 = 2.83904240166767E-07
AP_1_1 = 6.32280469247762E-08
AP_0_2 = 7.13259186463274E-08
AP_3_0 = -5.78364504652274E-11
AP_2_1 = -1.84928190208594E-11
AP_1_2 = -7.84429088845412E-11
AP_0_3 = 4.07242923738454E-12
BP_ORDER= 3 / SIP polynomial degree, axis 2, sky-to-pixel
BP_0_0 = 2.06593714341602E-05
BP_1_0 = -1.16963724948547E-08
BP_0_1 = -2.28807578439572E-08
BP_2_0 = 3.48687015744228E-08
BP_1_1 = 1.53806743887991E-07
BP_0_2 = 2.54944845785798E-07
BP_3_0 = -6.63545827618531E-11
BP_2_1 = -1.75989922888107E-10
BP_1_2 = -1.13523328878445E-11
BP_0_3 = -1.13451859308692E-10
CREATOR = 'ZWO Seestar S50' / Capture software
PRODUCER= 'ZWO ' / Powered by ZWO
XORGSUBF= 0 / Subframe X position in binned pixels
YORGSUBF= 0 / Subframe Y position in binned pixels
EQMODE = 1 / Equatorial mode
CCDXBIN = 1 / Camera X Bin
CCDYBIN = 1 / Camera Y Bin
TOTALEXP= 20. / Total Exposure Time in seconds
BG-EXTR = 'GraXpert'
CBG-1 = 0.16765243
CBG-2 = 0.16765243
CBG-3 = 0.16765243
INTP-OPT= 'RBF '
HIERARCH SMOOTHING = 0.9
HIERARCH CORR-TYPE = 'Subtraction'
HIERARCH SAMPLE-SIZE = 15
HIERARCH RBF-KERNEL = 'thin_plate'
HIERARCH SPLINE-ORDER = 3
BG-PTS = '[[555, 9, 1], [627, 9, 1], [699, 9, 1], [741, 9, 1], [813, 9, 1], &'
CONTINUE '[411, 111, 1], [555, 111, 1], [627, 111, 1], [699, 111, 1], [771, &'
CONTINUE '111, 1], [813, 111, 1], [885, 111, 1], [339, 183, 1], [381, 183, &'
CONTINUE '1], [453, 183, 1], [525, 183, 1], [597, 183, 1], [699, 183, 1], &'
CONTINUE '[771, 183, 1], [843, 153, 1], [885, 183, 1], [987, 183, 1], [1029, &'
CONTINUE '183, 1], [600.456026058632, 354.3973941368078, 1.0], &'
CONTINUE '[175.17915309446266, 178.2410423452769, 1.0], [396, 240, 1], [453, &'
CONTINUE '255, 1], [525, 255, 1], [597, 255, 1], [699, 255, 1], [771, 225, &'
CONTINUE '1], [828, 240, 1], [885, 255, 1], [987, 255, 1], [1044, 240, 1], &'
CONTINUE '[195, 297, 1], [98.04560260586322, 353.3550488599348, 1.0], &'
CONTINUE '[141.8241042345278, 356.48208469055373, 1.0], [503.5179153094464, &'
CONTINUE '300.19543973941364, 1.0], [453, 327, 1], [540, 312, 1], [597, 297, &'
CONTINUE '1], [699, 327, 1], [771, 297, 1], [843, 297, 1], [915, 327, 1], &'
CONTINUE '[972, 312, 1], [1029, 327, 1], [195, 399, 1], [675.5048859934855, &'
CONTINUE '410.6840390879479, 1.0], [259.6091205211726, 397.1335504885993, &'
CONTINUE '1.0], [501.4332247557004, 365.8631921824104, 1.0], &'
CONTINUE '[553.5504885993487, 429.4462540716612, 1.0], [555, 369, 1], [597, &'
CONTINUE '399, 1], [699, 369, 1], [756, 384, 1], [843, 399, 1], [915, 399, &'
CONTINUE '1], [987, 369, 1], [1059, 399, 1], [21, 471, 1], [108, 456, 1], &'
CONTINUE '[195, 471, 1], [267, 471, 1], [339, 471, 1], [381, 471, 1], &'
CONTINUE '[636.9381107491859, 480.5211726384365, 1.0], [579.6091205211728, &'
CONTINUE '464.88599348534206, 1.0], [627, 441, 1], [699, 471, 1], [771, 471, &'
CONTINUE '1], [813, 441, 1], [915, 471, 1], [987, 441, 1], [1029, 471, 1], &'
CONTINUE '[21, 543, 1], [93, 543, 1], [195, 543, 1], [237, 543, 1], [339, &'
CONTINUE '543, 1], [381, 543, 1], [437.85016286644964, 548.2736156351791, &'
CONTINUE '1.0], [814.1368078175897, 354.3973941368078, 1.0], [627, 543, 1], &'
CONTINUE '[699, 543, 1], [741, 543, 1], [843, 513, 1], [915, 513, 1], [957, &'
CONTINUE '543, 1], [1059, 543, 1], [51, 615, 1], [123, 615, 1], [165, 585, &'
CONTINUE '1], [237, 585, 1], [324, 600, 1], [381, 615, 1], &'
CONTINUE '[667.1661237785017, 576.4169381107491, 1.0], [794.3322475570033, &'
CONTINUE '522.2149837133551, 1.0], [699, 615, 1], [771, 615, 1], [843, 615, &'
CONTINUE '1], [915, 585, 1], [987, 615, 1], [1059, 615, 1], [51, 687, 1], &'
CONTINUE '[93, 687, 1], [195, 687, 1], [267, 687, 1], [309, 657, 1], [396, &'
CONTINUE '672, 1], [454.52768729641707, 675.4397394136807, 1.0], &'
CONTINUE '[916.2866449511403, 651.4657980456026, 1.0], [699, 687, 1], [771, &'
CONTINUE '657, 1], [843, 687, 1], [779.7394136807818, 704.6254071661238, &'
CONTINUE '1.0], [987, 657, 1], [1029, 687, 1], [21, 729, 1], [123, 759, 1], &'
CONTINUE '[180, 744, 1], [267, 759, 1], [324, 744, 1], [396, 744, 1], [453, &'
CONTINUE '729, 1], [478.501628664495, 760.9120521172639, 1.0], [627, 729, &'
CONTINUE '1], [699, 729, 1], [771, 759, 1], [843, 729, 1], &'
CONTINUE '[855.830618892508, 766.1237785016286, 1.0], [972, 744, 1], [1029, &'
CONTINUE '759, 1], [51, 831, 1], [123, 831, 1], [165, 831, 1], [267, 831, &'
CONTINUE '1], [309, 801, 1], [396, 816, 1], [453, 801, 1], &'
CONTINUE '[462.86644951140056, 779.6742671009772, 1.0], [627, 801, 1], [684, &'
CONTINUE '816, 1], [741, 801, 1], [813, 831, 1], [915, 801, 1], [987, 831, &'
CONTINUE '1], [1059, 801, 1], [51, 873, 1], [123, 873, 1], [195, 873, 1], &'
CONTINUE '[267, 873, 1], [309, 873, 1], [381, 873, 1], [320.0651465798046, &'
CONTINUE '696.28664495114, 1.0], [902.7361563517916, 696.28664495114, 1.0], &'
CONTINUE '[699, 903, 1], [771, 903, 1], [813, 903, 1], [915, 873, 1], [972, &'
CONTINUE '888, 1], [1059, 903, 1], [51, 945, 1], [123, 945, 1], [165, 945, &'
CONTINUE '1], [252, 960, 1], [309, 945, 1], [213.74592833876227, &'
CONTINUE '1382.1498371335506, 1.0], [443.0618892508144, 1079.8697068403908, &'
CONTINUE '1.0], [707.8175895765471, 977.7198697068404, 1.0], [771, 945, 1], &'
CONTINUE '[843, 975, 1], [885, 975, 1], [972, 960, 1], [1059, 975, 1], [51, &'
CONTINUE '1047, 1], [123, 1017, 1], [165, 1017, 1], [237, 1047, 1], [309, &'
CONTINUE '1017, 1], [381, 1047, 1], [65.73289902280135, 1291.4657980456027, &'
CONTINUE '1.0], [627, 1047, 1], [699, 1017, 1], [771, 1047, 1], [813, 1017, &'
CONTINUE '1], [885, 1017, 1], [972, 1032, 1], [1029, 1017, 1], [51, 1119, &'
CONTINUE '1], [123, 1089, 1], [165, 1119, 1], [252, 1104, 1], [309, 1089, &'
CONTINUE '1], [396, 1104, 1], [453, 1119, 1], [457.6547231270358, &'
CONTINUE '1111.14006514658, 1.0], [627, 1119, 1], [699, 1119, 1], [741, &'
CONTINUE '1089, 1], [843, 1089, 1], [885, 1089, 1], [957, 1119, 1], [1029, &'
CONTINUE '1119, 1], [51, 1161, 1], [123, 1191, 1], [165, 1191, 1], [267, &'
CONTINUE '1191, 1], [309, 1161, 1], [381, 1191, 1], [453, 1161, 1], &'
CONTINUE '[472.24755700325727, 1158.0456026058632, 1.0], [627, 1191, 1], &'
CONTINUE '[699, 1161, 1], [741, 1161, 1], [813, 1161, 1], [885, 1161, 1], &'
CONTINUE '[972, 1176, 1], [1029, 1191, 1], [51, 1233, 1], [108, 1248, 1], &'
CONTINUE '[195, 1233, 1], [267, 1233, 1], [339, 1233, 1], [396, 1248, 1], &'
CONTINUE '[453, 1233, 1], [451.4006514657981, 1287.2964169381107, 1.0], &'
CONTINUE '[627, 1233, 1], [699, 1233, 1], [771, 1263, 1], [813, 1233, 1], &'
CONTINUE '[915, 1233, 1], [957, 1233, 1], [1029, 1263, 1], [51, 1335, 1], &'
CONTINUE '[108, 1320, 1], [195, 1305, 1], [237, 1305, 1], [324, 1320, 1], &'
CONTINUE '[381, 1335, 1], [483, 1335, 1], [534.7882736156353, &'
CONTINUE '1338.371335504886, 1.0], [627, 1305, 1], [699, 1305, 1], [771, &'
CONTINUE '1335, 1], [813, 1335, 1], [915, 1335, 1], [957, 1335, 1], [1059, &'
CONTINUE '1335, 1], [36, 1392, 1], [93, 1377, 1], [165, 1377, 1], [267, &'
CONTINUE '1377, 1], [309, 1377, 1], [381, 1407, 1], [483, 1407, 1], [555, &'
CONTINUE '1407, 1], [720.3257328990228, 1431.14006514658, 1.0], [699, 1377, &'
CONTINUE '1], [741, 1407, 1], [813, 1407, 1], [885, 1407, 1], [987, 1407, &'
CONTINUE '1], [1029, 1407, 1], [51, 1449, 1], [93, 1449, 1], [267, 1449, 1], &'
CONTINUE '[309, 1449, 1], [411, 1479, 1], [483, 1449, 1], [555, 1479, 1], &'
CONTINUE '[699, 1479, 1], [771, 1479, 1], [843, 1479, 1], [915, 1479, 1], &'
CONTINUE '[987, 1479, 1], [1059, 1449, 1], [36, 1536, 1], [93, 1521, 1], &'
CONTINUE '[165, 1551, 1], [237, 1551, 1], [339, 1521, 1], [381, 1551, 1], &'
CONTINUE '[483, 1521, 1], [555, 1521, 1], [485.7980456026057, &'
CONTINUE '1740.7166123778502, 1.0], [684, 1536, 1], [771, 1551, 1], [843, &'
CONTINUE '1551, 1], [885, 1521, 1], [987, 1551, 1], [1029, 1521, 1], [51, &'
CONTINUE '1623, 1], [93, 1593, 1], [195, 1593, 1], [237, 1623, 1], [309, &'
CONTINUE '1623, 1], [411, 1623, 1], [453, 1623, 1], [525, 1623, 1], &'
CONTINUE '[590.0325732899023, 1612.5081433224755, 1.0], [699, 1623, 1], &'
CONTINUE '[771, 1623, 1], [843, 1593, 1], [915, 1623, 1], [987, 1623, 1], &'
CONTINUE '[1029, 1593, 1], [51, 1695, 1], [123, 1665, 1], [195, 1665, 1], &'
CONTINUE '[267, 1665, 1], [339, 1695, 1], [411, 1695, 1], &'
CONTINUE '[483.71335504885997, 1707.3615635179153, 1.0], [532.7035830618893, &'
CONTINUE '1688.599348534202, 1.0], [654.657980456026, 1709.4462540716613, &'
CONTINUE '1.0], [699, 1665, 1], [771, 1695, 1], [843, 1695, 1], [915, 1695, &'
CONTINUE '1], [987, 1695, 1], [1029, 1695, 1], [21, 1767, 1], [108, 1752, &'
CONTINUE '1], [165, 1767, 1], [267, 1767, 1], [309, 1767, 1], [396, 1752, &'
CONTINUE '1], [483, 1737, 1], [555, 1767, 1], [627, 1767, 1], [699, 1767, &'
CONTINUE '1], [771, 1767, 1], [843, 1767, 1], [915, 1767, 1], [987, 1767, &'
CONTINUE '1], [1029, 1767, 1], [21, 1839, 1], [93, 1839, 1], [165, 1839, 1], &'
CONTINUE '[252, 1824, 1], [339, 1809, 1], [411, 1839, 1], [483, 1839, 1], &'
CONTINUE '[555, 1839, 1], [627, 1809, 1], [699, 1809, 1], [771, 1839, 1], &'
CONTINUE '[843, 1809, 1], [915, 1839, 1], [987, 1839, 1], [1059, 1839, 1], &'
CONTINUE '[21, 1911, 1], [93, 1881, 1], [165, 1911, 1], [267, 1881, 1], &'
CONTINUE '[309, 1881, 1], [411, 1881, 1], [483, 1881, 1], [555, 1881, 1], &'
CONTINUE '[627, 1881, 1], [699, 1911, 1], [771, 1911, 1], [843, 1911, 1], &'
CONTINUE '[915, 1911, 1], [987, 1911, 1], [1059, 1911, 1], [32, 322, 1], &'
CONTINUE '[51, 339, 1], [123, 309, 1], [36, 396, 1], [123, 411, 1], [123, &'
CONTINUE '267, 1], [53, 93, 1], [93, 51, 1], [180, 36, 1], [51, 93, 1], &'
CONTINUE '[108, 108, 1], [195, 123, 1], [21, 165, 1], [123, 165, 1], [74, &'
CONTINUE '290, 1], [51, 267, 1], [214, 202, 1], [267, 195, 1], [321, 48, 1], &'
CONTINUE '[309, 51, 1], [411, 51, 1], [483, 51, 1], [267, 93, 1], [917, 48, &'
CONTINUE '1], [885, 51, 1], [987, 21, 1], [1044, 36, 1], [1029, 123, 1], &'
CONTINUE '[926, 106, 1], [927, 213, 1], [741, 339, 1], [456, 1570, 1], [339, &'
CONTINUE '1563, 1], [195, 1491, 1], [237, 1491, 1], [495, 1570, 1]]'
END
Symmetrically-reflected complex polynomial iteration with crafted seeds combining reflections of complex polynomial cross-products with just a hint of plasma cloud.
More of the same. I'm exhausted. I was at work from 10am-6:15pm, walked into the Exec Team meeting late, stayed on campus until 10:45 doing homework. Didn't get it finished, need to be back at class in 8 hours. So glad I figured out how to make Matlab factor 5th order polynomials for me.
Tomorrow I start being a slave to Array Attachment again. At least all my homework for the week is over with.
Factoring Polynomials Calculator Polynomial Factoring is a phenomenon which is just an opposite process of Polynomial Multiplications. Whenever we factor a numeric value, we go for prime factors and their product gives original number. Factoring Polynomials Calculator is an Online tool to factor the given polynomial. Trying out this calculator and it makes your calculations easy and fast.
Polynomial Functions Function f (y) is called as polynomial function if it is expressed in following wayf (y) = b m y m + b (m – 1) y (m – 1) +…+ b 2 y 2+ b 1 y + b 0Here 'm' is non negative Integer and b 0, b 1… b (m – 1), b m are constant coefficients. Polynomial Functions can be with one or more than one terms.
Naomi Corti, Zachary Gonder, Olivia Bell, and KJ Takahashi perform Gianna Riesen's "Dancer Polynomials" in NOW: Premieres at the 2025 Vail Dance Festival. Photo by Christopher Duggan.
A New York City J Users Group logo with letter "J" cut from image of randomly-generated polynomial applied to the complex plane, and a boid.
What is a Binomial Polynomials (many terms) are algebraic expressions formed by adding or subtracting monomials (single terms with positive exponents or constants). A Binomial is a polynomial containing two terms, bi meaning two.In terms of nomenclature, “bi” means 2 hence binomial means two terms. So in general, a binomial is a polynomial containing two terms. The general form can be written as axn ± bym.A different and simpler way of defining a binomial is that it is an algebraic expression containing two terms connected by a sum of a difference sign. Example: 3x+5y,a+3x, x2-3x…etc.
SIMPLE = T / file does conform to FITS standard
BITPIX = -32 / number of bits per data pixel
NAXIS = 3 / number of data axes
NAXIS1 = 6248 / length of data axis 1
NAXIS2 = 4176 / length of data axis 2
NAXIS3 = 3 / length of data axis 3
EXTEND = T / FITS dataset may contain extensions
COMMENT FITS (Flexible Image Transport System) format is defined in 'Astronomy
COMMENT and Astrophysics', volume 376, page 359; bibcode: 2001A&A...376..359H
BZERO = 0. / Offset data range to that of unsigned short
BSCALE = 1. / Default scaling factor
PROGRAM = 'Siril 1.4.0-beta2' / Software that created this HDU
DATE = '2025-06-20T16:19:09' / UTC date that FITS file was created
DATE-OBS= '2025-06-20T08:27:21.106301' / YYYY-MM-DDThh🇲🇲ss observation start,
IMAGETYP= 'Light ' / Type of image
ROWORDER= 'BOTTOM-UP' / Order of the rows in image array
EXPTIME = 180. / [s] Exposure time duration
TELESCOP= 'EQMod Mount' / Telescope used to acquire this image
FOCALLEN= 249. / [mm] Focal length
XBINNING= 1 / Camera binning mode
YBINNING= 1 / Camera binning mode
XPIXSZ = 3.75999999046326 / [um] Pixel X axis size
YPIXSZ = 3.75999999046326 / [um] Pixel Y axis size
INSTRUME= 'ZWO ASI2600MC Pro' / Instrument name
CCD-TEMP= 0. / [degC] CCD temperature
SET-TEMP= 0. / [degC] CCD temperature setpoint
GAIN = 100 / Sensor gain
OFFSET = 50 / Sensor gain offset
CVF = 0.242862924933434 / [e-/ADU] Electrons per A/D unit
STACKCNT= 136 / Stack frames
LIVETIME= 24480. / [s] Exposure time after deadtime correction
EXPSTART= 2460843.8380686 / [JD] Exposure start time (standard Julian date)
EXPEND = 2460846.85441095 / [JD] Exposure end time (standard Julian date)
OBJECT = 'NGC7000 ' / Name of the object of interest
SITELAT = 34.1986 / [deg] Observation site latitude
SITELONG= -118.919 / [deg] Observation site longitude
OBJCTRA = '20 57 2.307' / [H M S] Image center Right Ascension
OBJCTDEC= '+43 57 31.662' / [D M S] Image center Declination
RA = 314.259613433003 / [deg] Image center Right Ascension
DEC = 43.9587950570444 / [deg] Image center Declination
CTYPE1 = 'RA---TAN-SIP' / TAN (gnomic) projection + SIP distortions
CTYPE2 = 'DEC--TAN-SIP' / TAN (gnomic) projection + SIP distortions
CUNIT1 = 'deg ' / Unit of coordinates
CUNIT2 = 'deg ' / Unit of coordinates
EQUINOX = 9.87654321E+107 / Equatorial equinox
CRPIX1 = 2956.13273112 / Axis1 reference pixel
CRPIX2 = 2315.55782064 / Axis2 reference pixel
CRVAL1 = 314.024832448 / [deg] Axis1 reference value
CRVAL2 = 44.1358299954 / [deg] Axis2 reference value
LONPOLE = 180. / Native longitude of celestial pole
CDELT1 = -0.00086542917605275 / [deg] X pixel size
CDELT2 = 0.000865158789727985 / [deg] Y pixel size
PC1_1 = 0.169311961724374 / Linear transformation matrix (1, 1)
PC1_2 = 0.985562509238782 / Linear transformation matrix (1, 2)
PC2_1 = -0.985596324825061 / Linear transformation matrix (2, 1)
PC2_2 = 0.169115003743997 / Linear transformation matrix (2, 2)
A_ORDER = 2 / SIP polynomial degree, axis 1, pixel-to-sky
A_0_0 = 0.
A_1_0 = 0.
A_0_1 = 0.
A_2_0 = 1.39326404121E-07
A_1_1 = -1.26645692543E-07
A_0_2 = -4.07583389495E-08
B_ORDER = 2 / SIP polynomial degree, axis 2, pixel-to-sky
B_0_0 = 0.
B_1_0 = 0.
B_0_1 = 0.
B_2_0 = -3.54669938264E-08
B_1_1 = 9.4514157273E-08
B_0_2 = -1.7368879975E-07
AP_ORDER= 2 / SIP polynomial degree, axis 1, sky-to-pixel
AP_0_0 = -8.67703989764E-05
AP_1_0 = 2.90751445713E-07
AP_0_1 = -1.61428422671E-07
AP_2_0 = -1.39290503247E-07
AP_1_1 = 1.26616236203E-07
AP_0_2 = 4.07484240312E-08
BP_ORDER= 2 / SIP polynomial degree, axis 2, sky-to-pixel
BP_0_0 = 9.77642188248E-05
BP_1_0 = -1.65834928503E-07
BP_0_1 = 2.94150812971E-07
BP_2_0 = 3.54504873416E-08
BP_1_1 = -9.44731207578E-08
BP_0_2 = 1.73640545059E-07
HISTORY GraXpert AI BGE: subtraction
HISTORY Photometric CC (algorithm: PCC)
HISTORY SCNR (type=average neutral, amount=1.00, preserve=true)
HISTORY Histogram Transf. (mid=0.000, lo=0.000, hi=1.000)
CREATOR = 'ZWO ASIAIR Plus' / Capture software
XORGSUBF= 0 / Subframe X position in binned pixels
YORGSUBF= 0 / Subframe Y position in binned pixels
CCDXBIN = 1 / Camera X Bin
CCDYBIN = 1 / Camera Y Bin
GUIDECAM= 'ZWO ASI120MM Mini' / Guide camera model
IMAGEW = 6248 / Image width, in pixels.
IMAGEH = 4176 / Image height, in pixels.
END
Continuity And Differentiability If the addition of function ‘f’ is Limx⇢p+ f (x) = f (p) and Limx⇢q- f (x) = f (q) then the given function ‘f’ is continuous in the close interval [p, q]. If the function is polynomial then these polynomial function are continuous. Let us have a rational function f (p).
Naomi Corti, Zachary Gonder, Olivia Bell, and KJ Takahashi perform Gianna Riesen's "Dancer Polynomials" in NOW: Premieres at the 2025 Vail Dance Festival. Photo by Christopher Duggan.
Polynomial Diffusion Models for Life Insurance Liabilities. Biagini, Zhang arxiv.org/abs/1602.07910 #q-fin
SIMPLE = T / file does conform to FITS standard
BITPIX = -32 / number of bits per data pixel
NAXIS = 3 / number of data axes
NAXIS1 = 945 / length of data axis 1
NAXIS2 = 1729 / length of data axis 2
NAXIS3 = 3 / length of data axis 3
EXTEND = T / FITS dataset may contain extensions
COMMENT FITS (Flexible Image Transport System) format is defined in 'Astronomy
COMMENT and Astrophysics', volume 376, page 359; bibcode: 2001A&A...376..359H
BZERO = 0. / Offset data range to that of unsigned short
BSCALE = 1. / Default scaling factor
PROGRAM = 'Siril 1.4.0-beta2' / Software that created this HDU
FILENAME= 'Light_M 27_20.0s_LP_20250601-035817.fit'
DATE = '2025-06-03T04:46:47' / UTC date that FITS file was created
DATE-OBS= '2025-06-01T08:57:54.377825' / YYYY-MM-DDThh🇲🇲ss observation start,
IMAGETYP= 'Light ' / Type of image
ROWORDER= 'BOTTOM-UP' / Order of the rows in image array
EXPTIME = 20. / [s] Exposure time duration
TELESCOP= 'S50_f1c10930' / Telescope used to acquire this image
FILTER = 'mixed ' / Active filter name
APERTURE= 5. / Aperture of the instrument
FOCALLEN= 251.859 / [mm] Focal length
XBINNING= 1 / Camera binning mode
YBINNING= 1 / Camera binning mode
XPIXSZ = 2.9 / [um] Pixel X axis size
YPIXSZ = 2.9 / [um] Pixel Y axis size
INSTRUME= 'Seestar S50' / Instrument name
CCD-TEMP= 15.3125 / [degC] CCD temperature
GAIN = 80 / Sensor gain
FOCPOS = 1620 / [step] Focuser position
STACKCNT= 133 / Stack frames
LIVETIME= 2660. / [s] Exposure time after deadtime correction
EXPSTART= 2460827.81081978 / [JD] Exposure start time (standard Julian date)
EXPEND = 2460827.89166513 / [JD] Exposure end time (standard Julian date)
OBJECT = 'M 27 ' / Name of the object of interest
SITELAT = 41.7559 / [deg] Observation site latitude
SITELONG= -88.1817 / [deg] Observation site longitude
OBJCTRA = '19 59 41.273' / [H M S] Image center Right Ascension
OBJCTDEC= '+22 44 22.461' / [D M S] Image center Declination
RA = 299.921969223822 / [deg] Image center Right Ascension
DEC = 22.7395724348345 / [deg] Image center Declination
CTYPE1 = 'RA---TAN-SIP' / TAN (gnomic) projection + SIP distortions
CTYPE2 = 'DEC--TAN-SIP' / TAN (gnomic) projection + SIP distortions
CUNIT1 = 'deg ' / Unit of coordinates
CUNIT2 = 'deg ' / Unit of coordinates
EQUINOX = 2000. / Equatorial equinox
CRPIX1 = 485.5 / Axis1 reference pixel
CRPIX2 = 847.5 / Axis2 reference pixel
CRVAL1 = 299.913820271712 / [deg] Axis1 reference value
CRVAL2 = 22.7275394907915 / [deg] Axis2 reference value
LONPOLE = 180. / Native longitude of celestial pole
CDELT1 = -0.000659747133158036 / [deg] X pixel size
CDELT2 = 0.00065970321238653 / [deg] Y pixel size
PC1_1 = 0.998078149581276 / Linear transformation matrix (1, 1)
PC1_2 = 0.0619677926701853 / Linear transformation matrix (1, 2)
PC2_1 = -0.0619206937298492 / Linear transformation matrix (2, 1)
PC2_2 = 0.998081072703022 / Linear transformation matrix (2, 2)
A_ORDER = 3 / SIP polynomial degree, axis 1, pixel-to-sky
A_0_0 = 0.
A_1_0 = 0.
A_0_1 = 0.
A_2_0 = -3.53747170344176E-07
A_1_1 = -2.5157063787241E-07
A_0_2 = -4.80319305990762E-09
A_3_0 = -1.04696407013158E-10
A_2_1 = -3.68762474410932E-10
A_1_2 = -1.82332944083092E-10
A_0_3 = -1.28205142943169E-10
B_ORDER = 3 / SIP polynomial degree, axis 2, pixel-to-sky
B_0_0 = 0.
B_1_0 = 0.
B_0_1 = 0.
B_2_0 = -1.99185435081301E-07
B_1_1 = 1.15641901235075E-07
B_0_2 = -3.99721223861734E-07
B_3_0 = 4.59013551317123E-10
B_2_1 = 1.57789955694643E-10
B_1_2 = -1.80813630847316E-12
B_0_3 = 5.08181097060919E-11
AP_ORDER= 3 / SIP polynomial degree, axis 1, sky-to-pixel
AP_0_0 = -3.76027099853418E-05
AP_1_0 = -6.14272077648081E-09
AP_0_1 = -8.55321174296654E-09
AP_2_0 = 3.53956116634201E-07
AP_1_1 = 2.51828088827321E-07
AP_0_2 = 5.03793892017271E-09
AP_3_0 = 1.04951160000075E-10
AP_2_1 = 3.6907193905666E-10
AP_1_2 = 1.8261200658298E-10
AP_0_3 = 1.28228656618685E-10
BP_ORDER= 3 / SIP polynomial degree, axis 2, sky-to-pixel
BP_0_0 = 2.39517809413289E-05
BP_1_0 = 1.4484987329225E-08
BP_0_1 = 1.1243771469438E-08
BP_2_0 = 1.98984005629928E-07
BP_1_1 = -1.15718086979604E-07
BP_0_2 = 3.99585300582188E-07
BP_3_0 = -4.58982127773712E-10
BP_2_1 = -1.57806193006496E-10
BP_1_2 = 1.56669462539423E-12
BP_0_3 = -5.05046275658598E-11
HISTORY Saturation enhancement (amount=-0.14)
HISTORY Curves Transformation with 10 points
HISTORY Curves Transformation with 2 points
CREATOR = 'ZWO Seestar S50' / Capture software
PRODUCER= 'ZWO ' / Powered by ZWO
XORGSUBF= 0 / Subframe X position in binned pixels
YORGSUBF= 0 / Subframe Y position in binned pixels
EQMODE = 1 / Equatorial mode
CCDXBIN = 1 / Camera X Bin
CCDYBIN = 1 / Camera Y Bin
TOTALEXP= 20. / Total Exposure Time in seconds
BG-EXTR = 'GraXpert'
CBG-1 = 0.0032965415
CBG-2 = 0.0032965415
CBG-3 = 0.0032965415
INTP-OPT= 'RBF '
HIERARCH SMOOTHING = 0.9
HIERARCH CORR-TYPE = 'Subtraction'
HIERARCH SAMPLE-SIZE = 15
HIERARCH RBF-KERNEL = 'thin_plate'
HIERARCH SPLINE-ORDER = 3
BG-PTS = '[[555, 9, 1], [627, 9, 1], [699, 9, 1], [741, 9, 1], [813, 9, 1], &'
CONTINUE '[411, 111, 1], [555, 111, 1], [627, 111, 1], [699, 111, 1], [771, &'
CONTINUE '111, 1], [813, 111, 1], [885, 111, 1], [339, 183, 1], [381, 183, &'
CONTINUE '1], [453, 183, 1], [525, 183, 1], [597, 183, 1], [699, 183, 1], &'
CONTINUE '[771, 183, 1], [843, 153, 1], [885, 183, 1], [987, 183, 1], [1029, &'
CONTINUE '183, 1], [267, 255, 1], [339, 255, 1], [396, 240, 1], [453, 255, &'
CONTINUE '1], [525, 255, 1], [597, 255, 1], [699, 255, 1], [771, 225, 1], &'
CONTINUE '[828, 240, 1], [885, 255, 1], [987, 255, 1], [1044, 240, 1], [195, &'
CONTINUE '297, 1], [267, 327, 1], [324, 312, 1], [396, 312, 1], [453, 327, &'
CONTINUE '1], [540, 312, 1], [597, 297, 1], [699, 327, 1], [771, 297, 1], &'
CONTINUE '[843, 297, 1], [915, 327, 1], [972, 312, 1], [1029, 327, 1], [195, &'
CONTINUE '399, 1], [237, 399, 1], [309, 369, 1], [381, 399, 1], [453, 399, &'
CONTINUE '1], [555, 369, 1], [597, 399, 1], [699, 369, 1], [756, 384, 1], &'
CONTINUE '[843, 399, 1], [915, 399, 1], [987, 369, 1], [1059, 399, 1], [21, &'
CONTINUE '471, 1], [108, 456, 1], [195, 471, 1], [267, 471, 1], [339, 471, &'
CONTINUE '1], [381, 471, 1], [483, 441, 1], [525, 471, 1], [627, 441, 1], &'
CONTINUE '[699, 471, 1], [771, 471, 1], [813, 441, 1], [915, 471, 1], [987, &'
CONTINUE '441, 1], [1029, 471, 1], [21, 543, 1], [93, 543, 1], [195, 543, &'
CONTINUE '1], [237, 543, 1], [339, 543, 1], [381, 543, 1], [453, 543, 1], &'
CONTINUE '[555, 543, 1], [627, 543, 1], [699, 543, 1], [741, 543, 1], [843, &'
CONTINUE '513, 1], [915, 513, 1], [957, 543, 1], [1059, 543, 1], [51, 615, &'
CONTINUE '1], [123, 615, 1], [165, 585, 1], [237, 585, 1], [324, 600, 1], &'
CONTINUE '[381, 615, 1], [453, 615, 1], [555, 615, 1], [597, 615, 1], [699, &'
CONTINUE '615, 1], [771, 615, 1], [843, 615, 1], [915, 585, 1], [987, 615, &'
CONTINUE '1], [1059, 615, 1], [51, 687, 1], [93, 687, 1], [195, 687, 1], &'
CONTINUE '[267, 687, 1], [309, 657, 1], [396, 672, 1], [453, 657, 1], [525, &'
CONTINUE '687, 1], [597, 657, 1], [699, 687, 1], [771, 657, 1], [843, 687, &'
CONTINUE '1], [779.7394136807818, 704.6254071661238, 1.0], [987, 657, 1], &'
CONTINUE '[1029, 687, 1], [21, 729, 1], [123, 759, 1], [180, 744, 1], [267, &'
CONTINUE '759, 1], [324, 744, 1], [396, 744, 1], [453, 729, 1], [525, 759, &'
CONTINUE '1], [627, 729, 1], [699, 729, 1], [771, 759, 1], [843, 729, 1], &'
CONTINUE '[855.830618892508, 766.1237785016286, 1.0], [972, 744, 1], [1029, &'
CONTINUE '759, 1], [51, 831, 1], [123, 831, 1], [165, 831, 1], [267, 831, &'
CONTINUE '1], [309, 801, 1], [396, 816, 1], [453, 801, 1], [555, 801, 1], &'
CONTINUE '[627, 801, 1], [684, 816, 1], [741, 801, 1], [813, 831, 1], [915, &'
CONTINUE '801, 1], [987, 831, 1], [1059, 801, 1], [51, 873, 1], [123, 873, &'
CONTINUE '1], [195, 873, 1], [267, 873, 1], [309, 873, 1], [381, 873, 1], &'
CONTINUE '[497.2638436482084, 832.8338762214984, 1.0], [580.6514657980456, &'
CONTINUE '849.5114006514658, 1.0], [623.3876221498372, 848.4690553745928, &'
CONTINUE '1.0], [699, 903, 1], [771, 903, 1], [813, 903, 1], [915, 873, 1], &'
CONTINUE '[972, 888, 1], [1059, 903, 1], [51, 945, 1], [123, 945, 1], [165, &'
CONTINUE '945, 1], [252, 960, 1], [309, 945, 1], [381, 945, 1], [453, 945, &'
CONTINUE '1], [699, 975, 1], [771, 945, 1], [843, 975, 1], [885, 975, 1], &'
CONTINUE '[972, 960, 1], [1059, 975, 1], [51, 1047, 1], [123, 1017, 1], &'
CONTINUE '[165, 1017, 1], [237, 1047, 1], [309, 1017, 1], [381, 1047, 1], &'
CONTINUE '[483, 1047, 1], [627, 1047, 1], [699, 1017, 1], [771, 1047, 1], &'
CONTINUE '[813, 1017, 1], [885, 1017, 1], [972, 1032, 1], [1029, 1017, 1], &'
CONTINUE '[51, 1119, 1], [123, 1089, 1], [165, 1119, 1], [252, 1104, 1], &'
CONTINUE '[309, 1089, 1], [396, 1104, 1], [453, 1119, 1], [525, 1089, 1], &'
CONTINUE '[627, 1119, 1], [699, 1119, 1], [741, 1089, 1], [843, 1089, 1], &'
CONTINUE '[885, 1089, 1], [957, 1119, 1], [1029, 1119, 1], [51, 1161, 1], &'
CONTINUE '[123, 1191, 1], [165, 1191, 1], [267, 1191, 1], [309, 1161, 1], &'
CONTINUE '[381, 1191, 1], [453, 1161, 1], [525, 1161, 1], [627, 1191, 1], &'
CONTINUE '[699, 1161, 1], [741, 1161, 1], [813, 1161, 1], [885, 1161, 1], &'
CONTINUE '[972, 1176, 1], [1029, 1191, 1], [51, 1233, 1], [108, 1248, 1], &'
CONTINUE '[195, 1233, 1], [267, 1233, 1], [339, 1233, 1], [396, 1248, 1], &'
CONTINUE '[453, 1233, 1], [525, 1233, 1], [627, 1233, 1], [699, 1233, 1], &'
CONTINUE '[771, 1263, 1], [813, 1233, 1], [915, 1233, 1], [957, 1233, 1], &'
CONTINUE '[1029, 1263, 1], [51, 1335, 1], [108, 1320, 1], [195, 1305, 1], &'
CONTINUE '[237, 1305, 1], [324, 1320, 1], [381, 1335, 1], [483, 1335, 1], &'
CONTINUE '[540, 1320, 1], [627, 1305, 1], [699, 1305, 1], [771, 1335, 1], &'
CONTINUE '[813, 1335, 1], [915, 1335, 1], [957, 1335, 1], [1059, 1335, 1], &'
CONTINUE '[36, 1392, 1], [93, 1377, 1], [165, 1377, 1], [267, 1377, 1], &'
CONTINUE '[309, 1377, 1], [381, 1407, 1], [483, 1407, 1], [555, 1407, 1], &'
CONTINUE '[627, 1407, 1], [699, 1377, 1], [741, 1407, 1], [813, 1407, 1], &'
CONTINUE '[885, 1407, 1], [987, 1407, 1], [1029, 1407, 1], [51, 1449, 1], &'
CONTINUE '[93, 1449, 1], [267, 1449, 1], [309, 1449, 1], [411, 1479, 1], &'
CONTINUE '[483, 1449, 1], [555, 1479, 1], [627, 1479, 1], [699, 1479, 1], &'
CONTINUE '[771, 1479, 1], [843, 1479, 1], [915, 1479, 1], [987, 1479, 1], &'
CONTINUE '[1059, 1449, 1], [36, 1536, 1], [93, 1521, 1], [165, 1551, 1], &'
CONTINUE '[237, 1551, 1], [339, 1521, 1], [381, 1551, 1], [483, 1521, 1], &'
CONTINUE '[555, 1521, 1], [627, 1521, 1], [681.758957654723, &'
CONTINUE '1564.5602605863191, 1.0], [771, 1551, 1], [843, 1551, 1], [885, &'
CONTINUE '1521, 1], [987, 1551, 1], [1029, 1521, 1], [51, 1623, 1], [93, &'
CONTINUE '1593, 1], [195, 1593, 1], [237, 1623, 1], [309, 1623, 1], [411, &'
CONTINUE '1623, 1], [453, 1623, 1], [525, 1623, 1], [627, 1623, 1], [699, &'
CONTINUE '1623, 1], [771, 1623, 1], [843, 1593, 1], [915, 1623, 1], [987, &'
CONTINUE '1623, 1], [1029, 1593, 1], [51, 1695, 1], [123, 1665, 1], [195, &'
CONTINUE '1665, 1], [267, 1665, 1], [339, 1695, 1], [411, 1695, 1], [483, &'
CONTINUE '1695, 1], [555, 1695, 1], [627, 1695, 1], [699, 1665, 1], [771, &'
CONTINUE '1695, 1], [843, 1695, 1], [915, 1695, 1], [987, 1695, 1], [1029, &'
CONTINUE '1695, 1], [21, 1767, 1], [108, 1752, 1], [165, 1767, 1], [267, &'
CONTINUE '1767, 1], [309, 1767, 1], [396, 1752, 1], [483, 1737, 1], [555, &'
CONTINUE '1767, 1], [627, 1767, 1], [699, 1767, 1], [771, 1767, 1], [843, &'
CONTINUE '1767, 1], [915, 1767, 1], [987, 1767, 1], [1029, 1767, 1], [21, &'
CONTINUE '1839, 1], [93, 1839, 1], [165, 1839, 1], [252, 1824, 1], [339, &'
CONTINUE '1809, 1], [411, 1839, 1], [483, 1839, 1], [555, 1839, 1], [627, &'
CONTINUE '1809, 1], [699, 1809, 1], [771, 1839, 1], [843, 1809, 1], [915, &'
CONTINUE '1839, 1], [987, 1839, 1], [1059, 1839, 1], [21, 1911, 1], [93, &'
CONTINUE '1881, 1], [165, 1911, 1], [267, 1881, 1], [309, 1881, 1], [411, &'
CONTINUE '1881, 1], [483, 1881, 1], [555, 1881, 1], [627, 1881, 1], [699, &'
CONTINUE '1911, 1], [771, 1911, 1], [843, 1911, 1], [915, 1911, 1], [987, &'
CONTINUE '1911, 1], [1059, 1911, 1], [32, 322, 1], [51, 339, 1], [123, 309, &'
CONTINUE '1], [36, 396, 1], [123, 411, 1], [123, 267, 1], [53, 93, 1], [93, &'
CONTINUE '51, 1], [180, 36, 1], [51, 93, 1], [108, 108, 1], [195, 123, 1], &'
CONTINUE '[21, 165, 1], [123, 165, 1], [74, 290, 1], [51, 267, 1], [214, &'
CONTINUE '202, 1], [267, 195, 1], [321, 48, 1], [309, 51, 1], [411, 51, 1], &'
CONTINUE '[483, 51, 1], [267, 93, 1], [917, 48, 1], [885, 51, 1], [987, 21, &'
CONTINUE '1], [1044, 36, 1], [1029, 123, 1], [926, 106, 1], [927, 213, 1], &'
CONTINUE '[741, 339, 1], [456, 1570, 1], [339, 1563, 1], [195, 1491, 1], &'
CONTINUE '[237, 1491, 1], [495, 1570, 1], [568, 1559, 1], [635, 208, 1], &'
CONTINUE '[339, 411, 1], [525, 411, 1], [627, 483, 1], [195, 627, 1], [267, &'
CONTINUE '627, 1], [62, 757, 1], [627, 339, 1], [451, 464, 1]]'
END
SIMPLE = T / file does conform to FITS standard
BITPIX = -32 / number of bits per data pixel
NAXIS = 3 / number of data axes
NAXIS1 = 2727 / length of data axis 1
NAXIS2 = 2914 / length of data axis 2
NAXIS3 = 3 / length of data axis 3
EXTEND = T / FITS dataset may contain extensions
COMMENT FITS (Flexible Image Transport System) format is defined in 'Astronomy
COMMENT and Astrophysics', volume 376, page 359; bibcode: 2001A&A...376..359H
BZERO = 0. / Offset data range to that of unsigned short
BSCALE = 1. / Default scaling factor
MIPS-HI = 65535 / Lower visualization cutoff
PROGRAM = 'Siril 1.4.0-beta3' / Software that created this HDU
DATE = '2025-09-07T15:54:45' / UTC date that FITS file was created
DATE-OBS= '2025-09-06T21:50:05.809000' / YYYY-MM-DDThh🇲🇲ss observation start,
IMAGETYP= 'Light Frame' / Type of image
ROWORDER= 'BOTTOM-UP' / Order of the rows in image array
EXPTIME = 180. / [s] Exposure time duration
TELESCOP= 'Slywatcher Evolux 62 ED 400@F\6.5' / Telescope used to acquire this i
FOCALLEN= 362.507 / [mm] Focal length
CENTALT = 39.89957 / [deg] Altitude of telescope
CENTAZ = 32.74331 / [deg] Azimuth of telescope
XBINNING= 1 / Camera binning mode
YBINNING= 1 / Camera binning mode
XPIXSZ = 4.8 / [um] Pixel X axis size
YPIXSZ = 4.8 / [um] Pixel Y axis size
INSTRUME= 'QHY CCD QHY168C-f3c2994' / Instrument name
CCD-TEMP= -10. / [degC] CCD temperature
GAIN = 10 / Sensor gain
OFFSET = 50 / Sensor gain offset
STACKCNT= 91 / Stack frames
LIVETIME= 16380. / [s] Exposure time after deadtime correction
EXPSTART= 2460925.38793968 / [JD] Exposure start time (standard Julian date)
EXPEND = 2460925.63782278 / [JD] Exposure end time (standard Julian date)
OBJECT = 'M 31 ' / Name of the object of interest
AIRMASS = 1.557501 / Airmass at frame center (Gueymard 1993)
SITELAT = 47.91667 / [deg] Observation site latitude
SITELONG= 1.933056 / [deg] Observation site longitude
OBJCTRA = '00 42 30.672' / [H M S] Image center Right Ascension
OBJCTDEC= '+41 12 22.659' / [D M S] Image center Declination
RA = 10.6277982528625 / [deg] Image center Right Ascension
DEC = 41.2062942758214 / [deg] Image center Declination
CTYPE1 = 'RA---TAN-SIP' / TAN (gnomic) projection + SIP distortions
CTYPE2 = 'DEC--TAN-SIP' / TAN (gnomic) projection + SIP distortions
CUNIT1 = 'deg ' / Unit of coordinates
CUNIT2 = 'deg ' / Unit of coordinates
EQUINOX = 2000. / Equatorial equinox
CRPIX1 = 1364. / Axis1 reference pixel
CRPIX2 = 1457.5 / Axis2 reference pixel
CRVAL1 = 10.6277982528625 / [deg] Axis1 reference value
CRVAL2 = 41.2062942758214 / [deg] Axis2 reference value
LONPOLE = 180. / Native longitude of celestial pole
CDELT1 = -0.000758721053819356 / [deg] X pixel size
CDELT2 = 0.000758599487695311 / [deg] Y pixel size
PC1_1 = -0.336820836673126 / Linear transformation matrix (1, 1)
PC1_2 = -0.941568756906693 / Linear transformation matrix (1, 2)
PC2_1 = 0.941480486837379 / Linear transformation matrix (2, 1)
PC2_2 = -0.337067490132841 / Linear transformation matrix (2, 2)
A_ORDER = 3 / SIP polynomial degree, axis 1, pixel-to-sky
A_0_0 = 0.
A_1_0 = 0.
A_0_1 = 0.
A_2_0 = 3.97578917841809E-07
A_1_1 = -2.44774798826953E-08
A_0_2 = 9.22941238005915E-08
A_3_0 = -1.12035964590002E-09
A_2_1 = 5.12191944642339E-12
A_1_2 = -1.1009892822829E-09
A_0_3 = 3.73598524888844E-13
B_ORDER = 3 / SIP polynomial degree, axis 2, pixel-to-sky
B_0_0 = 0.
B_1_0 = 0.
B_0_1 = 0.
B_2_0 = 1.19579208308998E-07
B_1_1 = 2.91051781005884E-07
B_0_2 = 1.02802639174333E-07
B_3_0 = -1.3611124041332E-11
B_2_1 = -1.07757308897139E-09
B_1_2 = 1.73284258110139E-12
B_0_3 = -1.1172753794729E-09
AP_ORDER= 3 / SIP polynomial degree, axis 1, sky-to-pixel
AP_0_0 = 0.000988225551640077
AP_1_0 = -1.24879495848607E-05
AP_0_1 = 1.15890752822243E-07
AP_2_0 = -4.025349097176E-07
AP_1_1 = 2.41075310703775E-08
AP_0_2 = -9.34493958401128E-08
AP_3_0 = 1.13489542756861E-09
AP_2_1 = -5.25179707652799E-12
AP_1_2 = 1.11750286044444E-09
AP_0_3 = -4.17413704041954E-13
BP_ORDER= 3 / SIP polynomial degree, axis 2, sky-to-pixel
BP_0_0 = 0.000952212066372248
BP_1_0 = 3.76735565828782E-07
BP_0_1 = -1.33797912759137E-05
BP_2_0 = -1.21044688351177E-07
BP_1_1 = -2.9451504048561E-07
BP_0_2 = -1.04667173896164E-07
BP_3_0 = 1.36872185686008E-11
BP_2_1 = 1.09420708095768E-09
BP_1_2 = -1.93156721119263E-12
BP_0_3 = 1.13223326583511E-09
PLTSOLVD= T / Siril internal solver
HISTORY Rotation (-90.0deg, recadrage=TRUE, clamp =TRUE)
HISTORY Rotation (180.0deg, recadrage=TRUE, clamp =TRUE)
HISTORY GraXpert AI BGE: subtraction
HISTORY Extraction du gradient (Correction : Subtraction)
HISTORY R solution astrom trique
HISTORY Photom trie CC (algorithme : PCC)
HISTORY Transformation asinh : (stretch= 4.0, bp=0.00000)
HISTORY Transf. histogramme (mid=0.004, lo=0.018, hi=1.000)
HISTORY D bruitage NL-Bayes (mod=0.800, SOS activ (iters=3, rho=0.200), CC
HISTORY Filtre m dian (filtre=3x3 px)
HISTORY Rehaussement de la saturation (quantit =0.30)
HISTORY Rehaussement de la saturation (quantit =0.30)
FRAME = 'Light ' / Frame Type
APTDIA = 6.200E+01 / Telescope diameter (mm)
SCALE = 2.750667E+00 / arcsecs per pixel
PIERSIDE= 'WEST ' / West, looking East
RADECSYS= 'FK5 ' / RADECSYS
SECPIX1 = 2.7506667760E+00 / SECPIX1
SECPIX2 = 2.7506667760E+00 / SECPIX2
COMMENT Generated by INDI
END
SIMPLE = T / file does conform to FITS standard
BITPIX = -32 / number of bits per data pixel
NAXIS = 3 / number of data axes
NAXIS1 = 3840 / length of data axis 1
NAXIS2 = 2160 / length of data axis 2
NAXIS3 = 3 / length of data axis 3
EXTEND = T / FITS dataset may contain extensions
COMMENT FITS (Flexible Image Transport System) format is defined in 'Astronomy
COMMENT and Astrophysics', volume 376, page 359; bibcode: 2001A&A...376..359H
BZERO = 0. / Offset data range to that of unsigned short
BSCALE = 1. / Default scaling factor
PROGRAM = 'Siril 1.4.0-beta4' / Software that created this HDU
FILENAME= 'M33_Light_007.fits'
DATE = '2025-10-07T14:22:12' / UTC date that FITS file was created
DATE-OBS= '2025-09-26T03:18:33.122000' / YYYY-MM-DDThh🇲🇲ss observation start,
IMAGETYP= 'Light Frame' / Type of image
ROWORDER= 'BOTTOM-UP' / Order of the rows in image array
EXPTIME = 120. / [s] Exposure time duration
TELESCOP= 'ALTAIR 60ED 285@F\4.8' / Telescope used to acquire this image
FOCALLEN= 282.427 / [mm] Focal length
CENTALT = 59.27759 / [deg] Altitude of telescope
CENTAZ = 256.0784 / [deg] Azimuth of telescope
XBINNING= 1 / Camera binning mode
YBINNING= 1 / Camera binning mode
XPIXSZ = 2.9 / [um] Pixel X axis size
YPIXSZ = 2.9 / [um] Pixel Y axis size
INSTRUME= 'ZWO CCD ASI585MC Pro' / Instrument name
CCD-TEMP= -4. / [degC] CCD temperature
GAIN = 252 / Sensor gain
OFFSET = 10 / Sensor gain offset
FOCPOS = 4374 / [step] Focuser position
FOCTEMP = 12.39 / [degC] Focuser temperature
STACKCNT= 24 / Stack frames
LIVETIME= 2880. / [s] Exposure time after deadtime correction
EXPSTART= 2460944.63047238 / [JD] Exposure start time (standard Julian date)
EXPEND = 2460944.66653491 / [JD] Exposure end time (standard Julian date)
OBJECT = 'M33 ' / Name of the object of interest
AIRMASS = 1.162987 / Airmass at frame center (Gueymard 1993)
SITELAT = 44.21667 / [deg] Observation site latitude
SITELONG= 3.733333 / [deg] Observation site longitude
OBJCTRA = '01 33 51.346' / [H M S] Image center Right Ascension
OBJCTDEC= '+30 43 54.340' / [D M S] Image center Declination
RA = 23.4639414522693 / [deg] Image center Right Ascension
DEC = 30.7317611951257 / [deg] Image center Declination
CTYPE1 = 'RA---TAN-SIP' / TAN (gnomic) projection + SIP distortions
CTYPE2 = 'DEC--TAN-SIP' / TAN (gnomic) projection + SIP distortions
CUNIT1 = 'deg ' / Unit of coordinates
CUNIT2 = 'deg ' / Unit of coordinates
EQUINOX = 2000. / Equatorial equinox
CRPIX1 = 1920.5 / Axis1 reference pixel
CRPIX2 = 1080.5 / Axis2 reference pixel
CRVAL1 = 23.4639414522693 / [deg] Axis1 reference value
CRVAL2 = 30.7317611951257 / [deg] Axis2 reference value
LONPOLE = 180. / Native longitude of celestial pole
CDELT1 = -0.000588343541611957 / [deg] X pixel size
CDELT2 = 0.000588298038962793 / [deg] Y pixel size
PC1_1 = -0.99980948754387 / Linear transformation matrix (1, 1)
PC1_2 = 0.0195189297161632 / Linear transformation matrix (1, 2)
PC2_1 = -0.0192970232107256 / Linear transformation matrix (2, 1)
PC2_2 = -0.999813795111472 / Linear transformation matrix (2, 2)
A_ORDER = 3 / SIP polynomial degree, axis 1, pixel-to-sky
A_0_0 = 0.
A_1_0 = 0.
A_0_1 = 0.
A_2_0 = 1.07633023399987E-07
A_1_1 = -1.03472319180805E-07
A_0_2 = 1.32930877148794E-08
A_3_0 = -6.57151224594346E-10
A_2_1 = 2.19309594585955E-12
A_1_2 = -6.159783259075E-10
A_0_3 = 7.93413632800894E-11
B_ORDER = 3 / SIP polynomial degree, axis 2, pixel-to-sky
B_0_0 = 0.
B_1_0 = 0.
B_0_1 = 0.
B_2_0 = -2.15550446034261E-08
B_1_1 = 9.83105344833731E-08
B_0_2 = -1.28414967164704E-07
B_3_0 = 6.34817643575336E-12
B_2_1 = -6.34857530992924E-10
B_1_2 = 1.09957798042837E-11
B_0_3 = -7.13488957249123E-10
AP_ORDER= 3 / SIP polynomial degree, axis 1, sky-to-pixel
AP_0_0 = 0.0010251321176434
AP_1_0 = -8.76095863777682E-06
AP_0_1 = -2.24111701317955E-07
AP_2_0 = -1.09126412217438E-07
AP_1_1 = 1.04476756931874E-07
AP_0_2 = -1.44075117066647E-08
AP_3_0 = 6.64463016878538E-10
AP_2_1 = -2.27804775793203E-12
AP_1_2 = 6.24575281634439E-10
AP_0_3 = -7.94670122482519E-11
BP_ORDER= 3 / SIP polynomial degree, axis 2, sky-to-pixel
BP_0_0 = -8.86207801563109E-05
BP_1_0 = -2.42201345358436E-07
BP_0_1 = -5.93827281658577E-06
BP_2_0 = 2.17884611100473E-08
BP_1_1 = -9.93412857448403E-08
BP_0_2 = 1.28982123758204E-07
BP_3_0 = -6.37600494261096E-12
BP_2_1 = 6.41773348315693E-10
BP_1_2 = -1.05777688734352E-11
BP_0_3 = 7.19818562269301E-10
PLTSOLVD= T / Siril internal solver
HISTORY Background extraction (Correction: Subtraction)
HISTORY Plate Solve
HISTORY Photometric CC (algorithm: PCC)
HISTORY Photometric CC (algorithm: PCC)
HISTORY Saturation enhancement (amount=0.45)
HISTORY SCNR (type=average neutral, amount=1.00, preserve=true)
HISTORY GHS pivot: 0.000, amount: 1.54, local: 0.00 [0.00 1.00]
HISTORY GHS pivot: 0.000, amount: 2.88, local: 0.00 [0.00 1.00]
HISTORY GHS pivot: 0.000, amount: 1.76, local: 3.26 [0.00 1.00]
HISTORY GHS LINEAR BP: 0.04
HISTORY GHS pivot: 0.195, amount: 1.82, local: 0.00 [0.00 1.00]
HISTORY GHS LINEAR BP: 0.01
HISTORY GHS pivot: 0.000, amount: 1.65, local: 0.00 [0.00 0.73]
HISTORY GHS LINEAR BP: 0.01
HISTORY GHS SAT pivot: 0.233, amount: 3.70, local: 0.00 [0.00 1.00]
HISTORY GHS LINEAR BP: 0.01
HISTORY Background neutralization
FRAME = 'Light ' / Frame Type
APTDIA = 6.000E+01 / Telescope diameter (mm)
SCALE = 2.099193E+00 / arcsecs per pixel
RADECSYS= 'FK5 ' / RADECSYS
SECPIX1 = 2.0991930515E+00 / SECPIX1
SECPIX2 = 2.0991930515E+00 / SECPIX2
COMMENT Generated by INDI
WB_R = 5.500E+01 / White Balance - Red
WB_B = 7.500E+01 / White Balance - Blue
END
SIMPLE = T / file does conform to FITS standard
BITPIX = -32 / number of bits per data pixel
NAXIS = 3 / number of data axes
NAXIS1 = 2727 / length of data axis 1
NAXIS2 = 2914 / length of data axis 2
NAXIS3 = 3 / length of data axis 3
EXTEND = T / FITS dataset may contain extensions
COMMENT FITS (Flexible Image Transport System) format is defined in 'Astronomy
COMMENT and Astrophysics', volume 376, page 359; bibcode: 2001A&A...376..359H
BZERO = 0. / Offset data range to that of unsigned short
BSCALE = 1. / Default scaling factor
MIPS-HI = 65535 / Lower visualization cutoff
MIPS-LO = 382 / Upper visualization cutoff
PROGRAM = 'Siril 1.4.0-beta3' / Software that created this HDU
DATE = '2025-09-07T16:04:32' / UTC date that FITS file was created
DATE-OBS= '2025-09-06T21:50:05.809000' / YYYY-MM-DDThh🇲🇲ss observation start,
IMAGETYP= 'Light Frame' / Type of image
ROWORDER= 'BOTTOM-UP' / Order of the rows in image array
EXPTIME = 180. / [s] Exposure time duration
TELESCOP= 'Slywatcher Evolux 62 ED 400@F\6.5' / Telescope used to acquire this i
FILTER = 'mixed ' / Active filter name
FOCALLEN= 362.507 / [mm] Focal length
CENTALT = 39.89957 / [deg] Altitude of telescope
CENTAZ = 32.74331 / [deg] Azimuth of telescope
XBINNING= 1 / Camera binning mode
YBINNING= 1 / Camera binning mode
XPIXSZ = 4.8 / [um] Pixel X axis size
YPIXSZ = 4.8 / [um] Pixel Y axis size
INSTRUME= 'QHY CCD QHY168C-f3c2994' / Instrument name
CCD-TEMP= -10. / [degC] CCD temperature
GAIN = 10 / Sensor gain
OFFSET = 50 / Sensor gain offset
STACKCNT= 182 / Stack frames
LIVETIME= 32760. / [s] Exposure time after deadtime correction
EXPSTART= 2460925.38793968 / [JD] Exposure start time (standard Julian date)
EXPEND = 2460925.63782278 / [JD] Exposure end time (standard Julian date)
OBJECT = 'M 31 ' / Name of the object of interest
AIRMASS = 1.557501 / Airmass at frame center (Gueymard 1993)
SITELAT = 47.91667 / [deg] Observation site latitude
SITELONG= 1.933056 / [deg] Observation site longitude
OBJCTRA = '00 42 30.672' / [H M S] Image center Right Ascension
OBJCTDEC= '+41 12 22.659' / [D M S] Image center Declination
RA = 10.6277982528625 / [deg] Image center Right Ascension
DEC = 41.2062942758214 / [deg] Image center Declination
CTYPE1 = 'RA---TAN-SIP' / TAN (gnomic) projection + SIP distortions
CTYPE2 = 'DEC--TAN-SIP' / TAN (gnomic) projection + SIP distortions
CUNIT1 = 'deg ' / Unit of coordinates
CUNIT2 = 'deg ' / Unit of coordinates
EQUINOX = 2000. / Equatorial equinox
CRPIX1 = 1364. / Axis1 reference pixel
CRPIX2 = 1457.5 / Axis2 reference pixel
CRVAL1 = 10.6277982528625 / [deg] Axis1 reference value
CRVAL2 = 41.2062942758214 / [deg] Axis2 reference value
LONPOLE = 180. / Native longitude of celestial pole
CDELT1 = -0.000758721053819356 / [deg] X pixel size
CDELT2 = 0.000758599487695311 / [deg] Y pixel size
PC1_1 = -0.336820836673126 / Linear transformation matrix (1, 1)
PC1_2 = -0.941568756906693 / Linear transformation matrix (1, 2)
PC2_1 = 0.941480486837379 / Linear transformation matrix (2, 1)
PC2_2 = -0.337067490132841 / Linear transformation matrix (2, 2)
A_ORDER = 3 / SIP polynomial degree, axis 1, pixel-to-sky
A_0_0 = 0.
A_1_0 = 0.
A_0_1 = 0.
A_2_0 = 3.97578917841809E-07
A_1_1 = -2.44774798826953E-08
A_0_2 = 9.22941238005915E-08
A_3_0 = -1.12035964590002E-09
A_2_1 = 5.12191944642339E-12
A_1_2 = -1.1009892822829E-09
A_0_3 = 3.73598524888844E-13
B_ORDER = 3 / SIP polynomial degree, axis 2, pixel-to-sky
B_0_0 = 0.
B_1_0 = 0.
B_0_1 = 0.
B_2_0 = 1.19579208308998E-07
B_1_1 = 2.91051781005884E-07
B_0_2 = 1.02802639174333E-07
B_3_0 = -1.3611124041332E-11
B_2_1 = -1.07757308897139E-09
B_1_2 = 1.73284258110139E-12
B_0_3 = -1.1172753794729E-09
AP_ORDER= 3 / SIP polynomial degree, axis 1, sky-to-pixel
AP_0_0 = 0.000988225551640077
AP_1_0 = -1.24879495848607E-05
AP_0_1 = 1.15890752822243E-07
AP_2_0 = -4.025349097176E-07
AP_1_1 = 2.41075310703775E-08
AP_0_2 = -9.34493958401128E-08
AP_3_0 = 1.13489542756861E-09
AP_2_1 = -5.25179707652799E-12
AP_1_2 = 1.11750286044444E-09
AP_0_3 = -4.17413704041954E-13
BP_ORDER= 3 / SIP polynomial degree, axis 2, sky-to-pixel
BP_0_0 = 0.000952212066372248
BP_1_0 = 3.76735565828782E-07
BP_0_1 = -1.33797912759137E-05
BP_2_0 = -1.21044688351177E-07
BP_1_1 = -2.9451504048561E-07
BP_0_2 = -1.04667173896164E-07
BP_3_0 = 1.36872185686008E-11
BP_2_1 = 1.09420708095768E-09
BP_1_2 = -1.93156721119263E-12
BP_0_3 = 1.13223326583511E-09
FRAME = 'Light ' / Frame Type
APTDIA = 6.200E+01 / Telescope diameter (mm)
SCALE = 2.750667E+00 / arcsecs per pixel
PIERSIDE= 'WEST ' / West, looking East
RADECSYS= 'FK5 ' / RADECSYS
SECPIX1 = 2.7506667760E+00 / SECPIX1
SECPIX2 = 2.7506667760E+00 / SECPIX2
COMMENT Generated by INDI
END
B1. GPU in Zernike Polynomical Adaptive Optics Atmospheric Aberration Correction and Epidemiology
*Minzhao Liu, Narendra K. Jaggi - Illinois Wesleyan University - 5 - Student Research
Graphic processing unit (GPU) acceleration is now widely available to researchers and students, enabling unprecedented speed of progress in science and technologies. Two fields in which GPU acceleration is implemented in Illinois Wesleyan is Optics and Epidemiology. Real time atmospheric aberration correction for free space laser communication is challenging due to the high rate of aberration change. Deep neural networks were proposed to speed up aberration correction using Zernike polynomials, commonly used to represent optical aberration. We attempt a physical implementation of this scheme using a spatial light modulator, with GPU accelerating the generation of aberration correction profile from the polynomial coefficients. On the other end, epidemic simulations using networks mimicking real-life social networks are studied to understand the effects of network degree distribution and clustering on the spread of diseases. We propose a GPU accelerated program to enable parallel execution of hundreds of simulations with different epidemiological parameters to help researchers quickly characterize response surfaces of these parameters.
Binomial Probability Formula is deals with the polynomial that has two terms is known as a binomial e.g.5x + 3y, 2x2 – 5xy.Probability is the arithmetical quantify of the possibility of an event to occur. If in an examine there are n feasible ways completely and mutually exclusive and out of them in m ways in the event A occur, it is given by (m / n) if in a random sequence of n trails of an events, M are favor to the event, then ratio is (M / n).by studying in both combined as binomial probability as P(A) = m / n.The possibility of an event can be conveyed as a binomial probability if its conclusions can be wrecked down into two probability of p and q, where p and q are balancing (i.e. p + q = 1).