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The Plantin-Moretus Museum (Dutch: Plantin-Moretusmuseum) is a printing museum in Antwerp, Belgium which focuses on the work of the 16th-century printers Christophe Plantin and Jan Moretus. It is located in their former residence and printing establishment, the Plantin Press, at the Vrijdagmarkt (Friday Market) in Antwerp, and has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2005.
The printing company was founded in the 16th century by Christophe Plantin, who obtained type from the leading typefounders of the day in Paris. Plantin was a major figure in contemporary printing with interests in humanism; his eight-volume, multi-language Plantin Polyglot Bible with Hebrew, Aramaic, Greek and Syriac texts was one of the most complex productions of the period. Plantin's is now suspected of being at least connected to members of heretical groups known as the Familists, and this may have led him to spend time in exile in his native France.
View of the courtyard of the museum
After Plantin's death it was owned by his son-in-law Jan Moretus. While most printing concerns disposed of their collections of older type in the eighteenth and nineteenth century in response to changing tastes, the Plantin-Moretus company "piously preserved the collection of its founder."
Four women ran the family-owned Plantin-Moretus printing house (Plantin Press) over the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries: Martina Plantin, Anna Goos, Anna Maria de Neuf and Maria Theresia Borrekens.
In 1876 Edward Moretus sold the company to the city of Antwerp. One year later the public could visit the living areas and the printing presses. The collection has been used extensively for research, by historians H. D. L. Vervliet, Mike Parker and Harry Carter. Carter's son Matthew would later describe this research as helping to demonstrate "that the finest collection of printing types made in typography's golden age was in perfect condition (some muddle aside) [along with] Plantin's accounts and inventories which names the cutters of his types."
In 2002 the museum was nominated as UNESCO World Heritage Site and in 2005 was inscribed onto the World Heritage list.
The Plantin-Moretus Museum possesses an exceptional collection of typographical material. Not only does it house the two oldest surviving printing presses in the world and complete sets of dies and matrices, it also has an extensive library, a richly decorated interior and the entire archives of the Plantin business, which were inscribed on UNESCO's Memory of the World Programme Register in 2001 in recognition of their historical significance.
youtu.be/lmBsGmAVM3A Part 1
youtu.be/pKAxRxW3l9U Part 2
Starring Eric Porter, Hildegard Knef, Suzanna Leigh, Tony Beckley, Nigel Stock, Neil McCallum, Ben Carruthers, Victor Maddern, and Norman Eshley. Directed by Michael Carreras, and Leslie Norman.
The Lost Continent is a crazy-quilt of a film, with chunks of several unrelated plotlines sewn together willy nilly. Eric Porter plays Lansen, the captain of a tramp steamer who has agreed to deliver contraband dynamite for a hefty price. His passengers are a polyglot of the good, the bad and the worse. Shipwrecked on an mysterious isle in the Sargasso Sea, Lansen and party find themselves prisoners of a bizarre inbred colony still governed by the long-abandoned edicts of the Spanish Inquisition. The film is no more coherent than the original Dennis Wheatley novel Uncharted Seas, but that doesn't detract from its endearing wackiness. To their credit, the cast members of Lost Continent play the script straight, which merely adds to the kinky fun.
review
It would be exaggerating to call The Lost Continenht a very good film, but it's a strangely appealing one. This is especially true for those who are fans of science fiction films, especially of the "lost world" sub-genre. Aficionados may argue that Continent doesn't actually belong in that "lost world" category as, despite its title, the voyagers don't really discover a long-lost continent so much as encounter a strange civilization existing in the Sargasso Sea -- but that's splitting hairs. Continent has giant sea creatures, man-eating seaweed, people walking on snowshoes while being held aloft by balloons, and a group who still thinks the Spanish Inquisition is going on -- more than enough to satisfy any fan. Granted, it's totally ridiculous and immensely silly, and granted that the melodrama is piled on with a sledgehammer; yet that somehow adds to Continent's appeal. (For young male viewers, it also doesn't hurt that Continent features some very attractive women among its cast members.) The filmmakers have so much fun setting up this strange world and the exploring it that it's rather contagious -- so much so that most viewers won't mind the crudity of some of the special effects. Continent is a good picture to approach on a rainy day when the viewer has just popped some corn and feels like something that will make him feel like a wide-eyed 10-year-old again.
youtu.be/lmBsGmAVM3A Part 1
youtu.be/pKAxRxW3l9U Part 2
Starring Eric Porter, Hildegard Knef, Suzanna Leigh, Tony Beckley, Nigel Stock, Neil McCallum, Ben Carruthers, Victor Maddern, and Norman Eshley. Directed by Michael Carreras, and Leslie Norman.
The Lost Continent is a crazy-quilt of a film, with chunks of several unrelated plotlines sewn together willy nilly. Eric Porter plays Lansen, the captain of a tramp steamer who has agreed to deliver contraband dynamite for a hefty price. His passengers are a polyglot of the good, the bad and the worse. Shipwrecked on an mysterious isle in the Sargasso Sea, Lansen and party find themselves prisoners of a bizarre inbred colony still governed by the long-abandoned edicts of the Spanish Inquisition. The film is no more coherent than the original Dennis Wheatley novel Uncharted Seas, but that doesn't detract from its endearing wackiness. To their credit, the cast members of Lost Continent play the script straight, which merely adds to the kinky fun.
review
It would be exaggerating to call The Lost Continenht a very good film, but it's a strangely appealing one. This is especially true for those who are fans of science fiction films, especially of the "lost world" sub-genre. Aficionados may argue that Continent doesn't actually belong in that "lost world" category as, despite its title, the voyagers don't really discover a long-lost continent so much as encounter a strange civilization existing in the Sargasso Sea -- but that's splitting hairs. Continent has giant sea creatures, man-eating seaweed, people walking on snowshoes while being held aloft by balloons, and a group who still thinks the Spanish Inquisition is going on -- more than enough to satisfy any fan. Granted, it's totally ridiculous and immensely silly, and granted that the melodrama is piled on with a sledgehammer; yet that somehow adds to Continent's appeal. (For young male viewers, it also doesn't hurt that Continent features some very attractive women among its cast members.) The filmmakers have so much fun setting up this strange world and the exploring it that it's rather contagious -- so much so that most viewers won't mind the crudity of some of the special effects. Continent is a good picture to approach on a rainy day when the viewer has just popped some corn and feels like something that will make him feel like a wide-eyed 10-year-old again.
www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/little-by-little-the-russian...
'Little by little, the Russians are winning'
For hours there is no let-up in the shelling, incoming and outgoing. A Russian fighter jet roars overhead. The nearest Russian troops are just two kilometres away.
There is street fighting in some areas, but Ukrainian forces still hold the city - despite sub-zero temperatures and dwindling ammunition.
"We have some shortages of ammunition of all kinds, especially artillery rounds," says Capt Mykhailo from the 93rd Mechanised Brigade, whose call sign is 'Polyglot'. "We also need encrypted communication devices from our Western allies, and some armoured personnel carriers to move troops around. But we still manage. One of the main lessons of this war is how to fight with limited resources."
We get an insight into the ammunition problems as Ukrainian troops target a Russian position with 60mm mortars. The first mortar round flies from the tube with a loud bang. The second round doesn't eject.
There's a hiss of smoke and a shout of "misfire" sending the mortar unit scrambling for cover. Troops tell us the ammunition is old stock, sent from abroad.
The battle for Bakhmut is a war within a war. Some of the fiercest fighting of the invasion has happened here. And now the Kremlin's forces are gaining ground, metre by metre, body by body. Wave after wave of mercenaries from the notorious Wagner group have been sent into battle here. There are reports of fields of Russian corpses.
Moscow now has effective control of both main roads into the city, leaving just one back route left - a slender supply line.
"They have been trying to take the city since July," says Iryna, press officer of the 93rd Brigade. "Little by little they are winning now. They have more resources, so if they play the long game they will win. I can't say how long it will take.
"Maybe they will run out of resources. I really hope so."
We move from carefully concealed firing positions to bunkers humming with generators and warmed by stoves. But troops take care to conceal any smoke which could give away their location - part of the housekeeping of war. Among those we meet there is calm determination to fight on.
"They are trying to encircle us so that we leave the city, but it's not working," says Ihor, a camouflage-clad commander, with a battle-hardened edge. "The city is under control. Transport moves, despite constant artillery strikes. Of course, we have losses from our side, but we are holding on. We only have one option - to keep going to victory."
There is another option - to withdraw from Bakhmut before it's too late. But among the defenders on the ground there seems little appetite for that. "If we have such an order from our HQ, OK, order is order," says Captain Myhailo. "But what sense to hold all these months if you need to retreat from this city? No, we don't want to do this."
He recalls those who have given their lives for Bakhmut - "a lot of good brave men who just love this country."
And if the defenders of Bakhmut were to withdraw, it would pave the way for Russia to push towards bigger cities in eastern Ukraine like Kramatorsk and Slovyansk.
Moscow has stepped up its attacks in other front-line areas in the Donbas region in the east, and in the south. Ukrainian officials say a new Russian offensive is already under way.
The Kremlin is on a clock, as it counts down to the anniversary on 24 February. "They are mad about dates and so-called 'victory days'," says Capt Mykhailo.
But the battle of attrition for Bakhmut could wear out the Russians, according to Viktor, a tall, lean Ukrainian commander who has captured Russian magazines on a shelf in his bunker.
"They don't defend now," he says, "they just attack. They continue taking some metres, but we are trying to make sure they take as little of our land as possible. We are holding the enemy here and wearing them out."
Perhaps.
There is still some life in Bakhmut if you know where to find it.
A blast of heat and light hits you when you walk through the door of the "invincibility hub", past boxes of donated food supplies. It's a boxing club turned life-support system where local people can recharge their phones and themselves, with hot food and companionship.
It was crowded when we visited, with elderly women clustered around a stove, and two young boys sitting in the boxing ring, glued to a TV screen, and playing war games.
Around 5,000 civilians remain in Bakhmut without running water or power - many are elderly and poor. "Some are pro-Moscow. They are waiting for the Russians," a Ukrainian colleague mutters darkly.
All here are fighting their own battles says Tetiana, a 23-year-old psychologist who is at the hub watching over her young brother and sister. She's still in Bakhmut because her 86-year-old grandmother can't move and relies on her.
"Most people deal with it by praying to God," she says. "Faith helps. Some forget that they are people. Some show aggression. They start behaving worse than animals."
Back outside the battle for this broken city rages on, with a drum beat of shelling as we leave.
www.euronews.com/2023/02/12/russia-continues-to-close-in-...
Russia continues to close in on Bakhmut, claiming capture of nearby town
12/02/2023 - 15:18
The head of Russia's paramilitary Wagner group said on Sunday that his troops had taken the Ukrainian town of Krasna Hora, a few kilometres north of Bakhmut, a key city that Moscow has been trying to conquer for several months.
"Today, Wagner's assault units took the locality of Krasna Hora", Yevgeny Prigozhin was quoted as saying by his press service.
For more than six months, Wagner and the Russian army have been trying to capture Bakhmut in eastern Ukraine, a town of limited strategic importance but which has gained great symbolic significance because of the long duration of the fighting.
Russian forces have been trying to encircle the city for the past few weeks. They have managed to cut off several roads that are vital for the supply of Ukrainian troops.
www.euronews.com/2023/02/10/ukraine-war-russia-launches-m...
Ukraine war: Russia launches 'massive' drone and missile attack
Russian forces struck critical infrastructure in Kharkiv, Ukraine's second-largest city, and launched multiple strikes on energy infrastructure in Zaporizhzhia early Friday as Moscow stepped up its attacks in Ukraine’s south and east and air raid sirens went off across much of the country.
The strikes happened just one day after Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskky visited several European countries, lobbying for long-range weapons. Kyiv says it's already submitted a request for F-16 fighter jets from the Netherlands.
Ukraine's military chief also confirmed two Russian cruise missiles flew over Moldova's airspace before entering Ukraine. The missiles were fired from the Black Sea, said Valery Zaluzhny.
Moldovan authorities corroborated the Ukrainian statement, but reports that Romania's airspace was also breached were not confirmed by Bucharest.
The Moldovan foreign ministry has summoned the Russian ambassador to protest "against the unacceptable violation of our airspace by a Russian missile," according to a statement.
Explosions in Kyiv, and power grids targeted
Several explosions were also heard in Kyiv as officials reported high-voltage facilities across Ukraine being hit by Russian air strikes.
According to the Ukrainian Air Force, Russia fired "six Kalibr cruise missiles", "up to 35 S-300 anti-aircraft guided missiles at the Kharkiv and Zaporizhia regions", and used "seven Shahed drones".
"Five Kalibr cruise missiles and five Shahed drones were destroyed" by the anti-aircraft defence, the air force said.
No casualties have been reported at this stage by Ukrainian authorities.
Ukraine's power grid operator Ukrenergo said that several facilities in eastern, southern and western Ukraine had been hit, causing disruption to power supply.
Zaporizhzhia City Council Secretary Anatolii Kurtiev said the city had been hit 17 times in one hour, which he said made it the most intense period of attacks since the beginning of the full-scale invasion in February 2022.
In Kharkiv, authorities were still trying to establish information on victims and scale of the destruction, with Mayor Ihor Terekhov saying there may be disruptions to heating and the electricity and water supply.
Military analysts say Russian President Vladimir Putin is hoping that Europe’s support for Ukraine will wane, as Russia is believed to be preparing a new offensive.
Fighting in Ukraine intensified Thursday. Kyiv’s military intelligence agency said Russian forces have launched an offensive in the partially occupied Donetsk and Luhansk regions, with the aim to grab full control of the entire industrial region, known as the Donbas. Moscow-backed separatists have been fighting Ukrainian forces there since 2014.
Benedict. Arias Montanus Sacrae Geographiae Tabulam...l571, from: Biblia Sacra, Hebraice, Chaldaice, Graece & Latine... Antwerp, 1572
This map is from Arias's eight-volume Polyglot Bible with text in Hebrew, Syriac, Greek and Latin. It records, with tables in Hebrew and Latin, the distribution of the descendants of Noah who repopulated the world after the great biblical flood. Location of some of them in the New World supports an early theory that the native Americans were descended from a lost tribe of Israel. Sea monsters abound, no doubt as examples of The Almighty's wondrous creations.
Psalterium, Hebręum, Gręcū, Arabicũ, & Chaldęũ, cũ tribus latinis ĩterp̃tatõibus & glossis ...
Bible polyglot, each double-page spread having eight columns containing the text of the Psalms in Hebrew, Latin, Greek, Arabic, and Chaldean, along with columns for a Latin translation of the Hebrew, a Latin translation of the Chaldean, and a column for notes. At one point the editor (or printer?) includes a lengthy explanation of Christopher Columbus’s voyages, probably because he was proud of him as a native son of Genoa where the book was printed.
youtu.be/lmBsGmAVM3A Part 1
youtu.be/pKAxRxW3l9U Part 2
Starring Eric Porter, Hildegard Knef, Suzanna Leigh, Tony Beckley, Nigel Stock, Neil McCallum, Ben Carruthers, Victor Maddern, and Norman Eshley. Directed by Michael Carreras, and Leslie Norman.
The Lost Continent is a crazy-quilt of a film, with chunks of several unrelated plotlines sewn together willy nilly. Eric Porter plays Lansen, the captain of a tramp steamer who has agreed to deliver contraband dynamite for a hefty price. His passengers are a polyglot of the good, the bad and the worse. Shipwrecked on an mysterious isle in the Sargasso Sea, Lansen and party find themselves prisoners of a bizarre inbred colony still governed by the long-abandoned edicts of the Spanish Inquisition. The film is no more coherent than the original Dennis Wheatley novel Uncharted Seas, but that doesn't detract from its endearing wackiness. To their credit, the cast members of Lost Continent play the script straight, which merely adds to the kinky fun.
review
It would be exaggerating to call The Lost Continenht a very good film, but it's a strangely appealing one. This is especially true for those who are fans of science fiction films, especially of the "lost world" sub-genre. Aficionados may argue that Continent doesn't actually belong in that "lost world" category as, despite its title, the voyagers don't really discover a long-lost continent so much as encounter a strange civilization existing in the Sargasso Sea -- but that's splitting hairs. Continent has giant sea creatures, man-eating seaweed, people walking on snowshoes while being held aloft by balloons, and a group who still thinks the Spanish Inquisition is going on -- more than enough to satisfy any fan. Granted, it's totally ridiculous and immensely silly, and granted that the melodrama is piled on with a sledgehammer; yet that somehow adds to Continent's appeal. (For young male viewers, it also doesn't hurt that Continent features some very attractive women among its cast members.) The filmmakers have so much fun setting up this strange world and the exploring it that it's rather contagious -- so much so that most viewers won't mind the crudity of some of the special effects. Continent is a good picture to approach on a rainy day when the viewer has just popped some corn and feels like something that will make him feel like a wide-eyed 10-year-old again.
youtu.be/yKRbpIcOrFE Full feature.
Science Fiction. Starring Sonny Tufts, Victor Jory, Marie Windsor, William Phipps, Douglas Fowley, Carol Brewster, Susan Morrow, Suzanne Alexander, and Betty Arlen. Directed by Arthur Hilton.
Cat Women of the Moon tells the tale of a group of American space travellers who confront a hostile tribe of females on the border between the light and dark side of the moon. The expedition is led by Laird Grainger (Sonny Tufts), whose polyglot crew--including co-pilot Kip Reissner (Victor Jory) and navigator Helen Salinger (Marie Windsor)--land on the lunar surface, where they soon discover that there's an atmosphere and water and everything. After a few minutes of wandering, the travellers come upon a huge modernistic city, populated by leotard-clad "cat women". The ruler, Alpha (Carol Brewster), reveals that she has telepathically brought the earthlings to her city, using Salinger as her unsuspecting go-between. The cat women perform a kinky dance to the tune of "Stranger in Paradise," while the shifty copilot Reissner tries to steal the city's cache of gold. Alpha enslaves the visitors via mind control, leaving only cat-woman Lambda (Susan Morrow), who has fallen in love with crewman Douglas Smith (Bill Phipps), to save the day.
The remnants of a two-million-year-old civilization still survive underground on the Moon, but their air is running out, so they lure a lunar expedition into the clutches of the Cat-Women!
Released originally in both 3-D and 2-D versions, but the 3-D effects were kept to a minimum. A rocket ship from America is bound for the moon with Sonny Tufts as the commander, Victor Jory as the co-pilot (this was not NASA and astronauts no matter what the late-arriving revisionists might think), Marie Windsor as the navigator, Douglas Fowley as the engineer and Bill Phipps as the radio man. After landing where Windsor suggests, and going through some weird stuff and happenings, they find a cavern which leads them to signs of civilization. Since Jory has a gun and the others don't, there is some time spent trying to get his gun away from him. The non-astronaut space-travelers then find about a dozen attractive (some of them) females, who are all that is left of the original inhabitants. Jory discovers they control Windsor hypnotically and that they plan to learn the rocket-ship's secrets from the crew, and then use the ship to take off for Earth where, with their superior powers, they will assume control. Evidently, two or three of them made it.
VHS Tape
youtu.be/yKRbpIcOrFE Full feature.
Science Fiction. Starring Sonny Tufts, Victor Jory, Marie Windsor, William Phipps, Douglas Fowley, Carol Brewster, Susan Morrow, Suzanne Alexander, and Betty Arlen. Directed by Arthur Hilton.
Cat Women of the Moon tells the tale of a group of American space travellers who confront a hostile tribe of females on the border between the light and dark side of the moon. The expedition is led by Laird Grainger (Sonny Tufts), whose polyglot crew--including co-pilot Kip Reissner (Victor Jory) and navigator Helen Salinger (Marie Windsor)--land on the lunar surface, where they soon discover that there's an atmosphere and water and everything. After a few minutes of wandering, the travellers come upon a huge modernistic city, populated by leotard-clad "cat women". The ruler, Alpha (Carol Brewster), reveals that she has telepathically brought the earthlings to her city, using Salinger as her unsuspecting go-between. The cat women perform a kinky dance to the tune of "Stranger in Paradise," while the shifty copilot Reissner tries to steal the city's cache of gold. Alpha enslaves the visitors via mind control, leaving only cat-woman Lambda (Susan Morrow), who has fallen in love with crewman Douglas Smith (Bill Phipps), to save the day.
youtu.be/yKRbpIcOrFE Full feature.
Science Fiction. Starring Sonny Tufts, Victor Jory, Marie Windsor, William Phipps, Douglas Fowley, Carol Brewster, Susan Morrow, Suzanne Alexander, and Betty Arlen. Directed by Arthur Hilton.
Cat Women of the Moon tells the tale of a group of American space travellers who confront a hostile tribe of females on the border between the light and dark side of the moon. The expedition is led by Laird Grainger (Sonny Tufts), whose polyglot crew--including co-pilot Kip Reissner (Victor Jory) and navigator Helen Salinger (Marie Windsor)--land on the lunar surface, where they soon discover that there's an atmosphere and water and everything. After a few minutes of wandering, the travellers come upon a huge modernistic city, populated by leotard-clad "cat women". The ruler, Alpha (Carol Brewster), reveals that she has telepathically brought the earthlings to her city, using Salinger as her unsuspecting go-between. The cat women perform a kinky dance to the tune of "Stranger in Paradise," while the shifty copilot Reissner tries to steal the city's cache of gold. Alpha enslaves the visitors via mind control, leaving only cat-woman Lambda (Susan Morrow), who has fallen in love with crewman Douglas Smith (Bill Phipps), to save the day.
The remnants of a two-million-year-old civilization still survive underground on the Moon, but their air is running out, so they lure a lunar expedition into the clutches of the Cat-Women!
Released originally in both 3-D and 2-D versions, but the 3-D effects were kept to a minimum. A rocket ship from America is bound for the moon with Sonny Tufts as the commander, Victor Jory as the co-pilot (this was not NASA and astronauts no matter what the late-arriving revisionists might think), Marie Windsor as the navigator, Douglas Fowley as the engineer and Bill Phipps as the radio man. After landing where Windsor suggests, and going through some weird stuff and happenings, they find a cavern which leads them to signs of civilization. Since Jory has a gun and the others don't, there is some time spent trying to get his gun away from him. The non-astronaut space-travelers then find about a dozen attractive (some of them) females, who are all that is left of the original inhabitants. Jory discovers they control Windsor hypnotically and that they plan to learn the rocket-ship's secrets from the crew, and then use the ship to take off for Earth where, with their superior powers, they will assume control. Evidently, two or three of them made it.
Milan is the city capital of the Lombardy and the second most populous city in Italy after Rome. Known during Roman times as "Mediolanum" it was the place, where in 313 Constantine I and Licinius met and "signed" the "Edict of Milan", giving Christianity a legal status within the Roman empire.
At the end of the Roman empire Milan was besieged by the Visigoths in 402, looted by the Huns in 452, and taken by the Ostrogoths in 539. Only 30 years later is belonged to the Kingdom of the Lombards, until in 774 Charlemagne defeated the Langobards and added Milan to the Carolingian empire. During Barbarossa´s (Frederik I) "Italian Campaigns" Milan was taken and destroyed to a great extent.
The "Basilica of Sant'Ambrogio" is much older and was not destroyed by Barbarossa´s troops. It is one of the most ancient churches in Milan, built by St. Ambrose in 379–386, outside the city of Milan on the site of a cemetery, where the martyrs of the Roman persecutions had been buried. The first name of the church was "Basilica Martyrum".
Ambrose, born into a noble family about 340 in (present-day) Trier (Germany), was governor of Liguria and Emilia for two years before he became the Bishop of Milan in 374 by popular acclamation. He was a staunch opponent of Arianism.
Only very few traces of the first church can still be found, as in the centuries after its construction, the basilica underwent numerous restorations and reconstructions. The current Romanesque church, mostly built in brickwork, was begun around 1080.
In 789, a Benedictine monastery was established here. The canons of the basilica, however, retained their own community. So two separate communities shared the basilica. In the 11th century, the canons adopted orders and became Canons Regular. From then on two separate monastic orders following different rules lived in the basilica. The canons were in the northern building, the cloister of the canons, while the monks were in the two southern buildings.
The two towers symbolize the division in the basilica. The 9th century Torre dei Monaci ("Tower of the Monks") tower was used by the monks. However, the canons did not have a bell tower and were not allowed to ring bells until they finished the Canons' bell tower in the 12th Century. This tower got two additional levels in 1889.
In 1943 the basilica got severely damaged by bombings. It took a decade to rebuilt and reconstruct the church.
Entering the Basilica of Sant'Ambrogio the visitor is greeted by this sophisticated, polyglot "slot machine". It knows all the stories about the church and is willing to share them for a small fee.
Any Stargate-SG1 fans out there? If you are one, then you will recongnize the visage of Dr. Daniel Jackson, the polyglot linguist and adventurer in the Stargate series. I think Ben did a great job rendering Daniel Jackson's face. And he has never had an art lesson. But my children all are artistic.
Ben won third place at the Veritas Press Scholars' Academy art show.
Birth place and ancestral home of the Philippine's National Hero, Dr. Jose Protacio Rizal. José Protacio Mercado Rizal y Alonzo Realonda (June 19, 1861 – December 30, 1896), variously called the "Pride of the Malay Race," "The Great Malayan," "The First Filipino," "The Messiah of the Revolution," "The Universal Hero" and "The Messiah of the Redemption." He is the national hero of the Philippines. Despite his relatively short life, Rizal's passion as a patriot together with his intelligence as one of the first intellectuals of the post-colonial era have inspired succeeding thinkers and revolutionaries of the centrality of national identity as a social force in the project of nation-building. He is called by Benedict Anderson as one of the best exemplars of nationalist thinking.
Rizal was a polyglot. The medium of instruction in various academies in the Philippines and Europe where he studied were Spanish, French, Latin and German. There are facsimiles of letters of his that are in excellent German, and he also had correspondence in Spanish, Portuguese, French, Italian, English, German and Dutch. He made translations from Arabic, Swedish, Russian, Chinese, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Latin, Sanskrit. In addition he had at least some knowledge of Malay, Chavacano, Cebuano, Ilocano, and Subanun besides his native Tagalog.
He was a poet. As a polymath, he was also an amateur architect, artist, educator, amateur economist, amateur ethnologist, scientific farmer, historian, inventor, journalist, mythologist, internationalist, naturalist, novelist, ophthalmologist, physician, propagandist, sculptor, martial artist, amateur sociologist and a Freemason.
A patriot of the highest order, the anniversary of Rizal's death, December 30, is now celebrated as a holiday in the Philippines, called Rizal Day.
The 365 toy project 5. 08/07/25
Wolverine (birth name: James Howlett;[1] alias: Logan and Weapon X) is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics, often in association with the X-Men. He is a mutant with animal-keen senses, enhanced physical capabilities, a powerful regenerative ability known as a healing factor, a skeleton reinforced with the unbreakable fictional metal adamantium, significantly delayed aging and a prolonged lifespan and three retractable claws in each hand. In addition to the X-Men, Wolverine has been depicted as a member of X-Force, Alpha Flight, the Fantastic Four and the Avengers. The common depiction of Wolverine is multifaceted; he is portrayed at once as a gruff loner, susceptible to animalistic "berserker rages" despite his best efforts, while simultaneously being an incredibly knowledgeable and intelligent polyglot, strategist, and martial artist, partially due to his extended lifespan and expansive lived experiences. He has been featured in comic books, films, animation, and video games.
The character first appeared in the last panel of The Incredible Hulk #180 before having a larger role in #181 (cover-dated November 1974), in the Bronze Age of Comic Books. He was created by writer Len Wein and Marvel art director John Romita Sr. Romita designed the character's costume, but the character was first drawn for publication by Herb Trimpe. Since 2017, Marvel editor-in-chief Roy Thomas has also claimed co-creator credit.
Wolverine then joined a revamped version of the superhero team the X-Men; writer Chris Claremont, artist Dave Cockrum and artist-writer John Byrne would play significant roles in the character's development. In 1979, Wolverine featured in his first solo story, published in Marvel Comic #335 (UK). His position as a standalone character further advanced when artist Frank Miller collaborated with Claremont to revise Wolverine with a four-part eponymous limited series in 1982, which debuted Wolverine's catchphrase, "I'm the best there is at what I do, but what I do best isn't very nice." The subsequent 1991 Weapon X storyline by Barry Windsor-Smith established that Wolverine had received the adamantium grafted to his skeleton in a torturous process conducted by a secret government project intended to create a super soldier, and that this experience led to post-traumatic amnesia.
It's hard to believe a body's luck sometimes.
Just on a whim, I checked craigslist last weekend. And what do you think I found? A Russian typewriter, not more than half an hour away. My jaw must have dropped about ten feet.
So, Saturday we went round to see it. It's a 1958 Royal, later-model than I would normally look for (except when it's ridiculously cheap!) but I've been hankering after a Cyrillic typewriter pretty much ever since it occurred to me they must exist. Plus, the machine itself has been really well-cared for, no dust or anything, the ribbon is even still usable. So I grabbed it and ran, in a matter of speaking. Offered lower than what I thought it was worth, she went up to exactly what I'd wanted to pay, but I decided dickering really isn't my thing. Too awkward.
As it turns out, the former (and late) owner, a friend of the woman who was selling it, had been a teacher on the move, locally and in Russia at least, possibly elsewhere, because we also got to see his collection of books, and he was quite the polyglot. There were books in Russian, French, Hebrew, Spanish, Greek, and I saw at least one book on learning Latin– in Russian no less.
What a fun experience. I still get a thrill remembering it. And the former owner had been a dear friend of the seller; it's always nice to give a home to something that has emotion resonance for someone.
Nicolaus Copernicus (19 February 1473 – 24 May 1543) was a Renaissance astronomer and the first person to formulate a comprehensive heliocentric cosmology which displaced the Earth from the center of the universe.
Copernicus' epochal book, De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres), published just before his death in 1543, is often regarded as the starting point of modern astronomy and the defining epiphany that began the scientific revolution. His heliocentric model, with the Sun at the center of the universe, demonstrated that the observed motions of celestial objects can be explained without putting Earth at rest in the center of the universe. His work stimulated further scientific investigations, becoming a landmark in the history of science that is often referred to as the Copernican Revolution.
Among the great polymaths of the Renaissance, Copernicus was a mathematician, astronomer, jurist with a doctorate in law, physician, quadrilingual polyglot, classics scholar, translator, artist,Catholic cleric, governor, diplomat and economist.
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The reinforced concrete construction of the Our Lady of Czestochowa Church is supported by huge posts leaning against the front wall and on pillars connected to the apse. Because of this, it was possible to design great stained-glass compositions measuring forty by fifty feet. This monumental work is considered one of the largest in the United States. Entering the shrine, the history of America unfolds to the right, on the east wall, while on the left, on the west wall, is depicted in beautiful colors the 1000 year history of Poland. Each of the stained-glass windows has seventy-five panels.
The subject of the composition of the stained-glass windows was designed by Father Michael Zembrzuski, architect Jerzy Szeptycki, and their co-workers. The artistic composition was done by Jerzy T. Bialecki from Morristown, New Jersey.
In 1966, Jerzy T. Bialecki began work on the stained-glass window project at the National Shrine of Our Lady of Czestochowa in Doylestown. His project was accepted by the Willet Studio of Stained Glass Windows in Philadelphia, which produced all the stained-glass windows under the direction of the designer. Mr. Bialecki died in 1987. He is buried in the honor section of the Cemetery of Our Lady of Czestochowa in Doylestown.
National Shrine of Our Lady of Czestochowa - 654 Ferry Road in Doylestown, Pennsylvania 18901 - Google Map Additional views
youtu.be/yKRbpIcOrFE Full feature.
Science Fiction. Starring Sonny Tufts, Victor Jory, Marie Windsor, William Phipps, Douglas Fowley, Carol Brewster, Susan Morrow, Suzanne Alexander, and Betty Arlen. Directed by Arthur Hilton.
Cat Women of the Moon tells the tale of a group of American space travellers who confront a hostile tribe of females on the border between the light and dark side of the moon. The expedition is led by Laird Grainger (Sonny Tufts), whose polyglot crew--including co-pilot Kip Reissner (Victor Jory) and navigator Helen Salinger (Marie Windsor)--land on the lunar surface, where they soon discover that there's an atmosphere and water and everything. After a few minutes of wandering, the travellers come upon a huge modernistic city, populated by leotard-clad "cat women". The ruler, Alpha (Carol Brewster), reveals that she has telepathically brought the earthlings to her city, using Salinger as her unsuspecting go-between. The cat women perform a kinky dance to the tune of "Stranger in Paradise," while the shifty copilot Reissner tries to steal the city's cache of gold. Alpha enslaves the visitors via mind control, leaving only cat-woman Lambda (Susan Morrow), who has fallen in love with crewman Douglas Smith (Bill Phipps), to save the day.
The remnants of a two-million-year-old civilization still survive underground on the Moon, but their air is running out, so they lure a lunar expedition into the clutches of the Cat-Women!
Released originally in both 3-D and 2-D versions, but the 3-D effects were kept to a minimum. A rocket ship from America is bound for the moon with Sonny Tufts as the commander, Victor Jory as the co-pilot (this was not NASA and astronauts no matter what the late-arriving revisionists might think), Marie Windsor as the navigator, Douglas Fowley as the engineer and Bill Phipps as the radio man. After landing where Windsor suggests, and going through some weird stuff and happenings, they find a cavern which leads them to signs of civilization. Since Jory has a gun and the others don't, there is some time spent trying to get his gun away from him. The non-astronaut space-travelers then find about a dozen attractive (some of them) females, who are all that is left of the original inhabitants. Jory discovers they control Windsor hypnotically and that they plan to learn the rocket-ship's secrets from the crew, and then use the ship to take off for Earth where, with their superior powers, they will assume control. Evidently, two or three of them made it.
شاهه جي مڪمل ڪلام جو انگريزي زبان/ ٻوليءَ ۾ سليس ۽ تز ترجمو
خاصڪري جيڪي سنڌي خاندان ملڪ توڙي ملڪ کان ٻاهر اهڙي هنڌ آهن، جتي سنڌي زبان لکڻ پڙهڻ سان سنڌن گهٽ واسطو آهي،انهن سڀني لاءِ هيءُ شاه جو رسالو ( Message of Shah ) ڪارآمدثابت ٿيندو۔
ABOUT THE BOOK
The Message of Shah is an English interpretation of nearly 3400 lyrics from a magnum opus of mystic melodies called شاهه جو رسالو renditioned by a polyglot poet, philosopher and musicologist Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai. The poetry give a glimpse of the metaphysical precepts of genesis of being and canons of the Sufi doctrine of وحدت الوجود or unity of existence.
Metaphorical poetry immortalizes the legendary Queens of Sindhi folklore and also enunciates ethos of ascetics, peasants, sailors, fishermen, spinners and bards. Distinctive feature of the passionate poetry is its lyrical rendition, which conforms to the recognized ragas. Sixteen of these ragas are adapted while fourteen are invention of Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai.
The Message of Shah seeks to retain the philosophical flavor and didactic, romantic and epic metaphors in the pristine poetry that echo a spiritual voyage through pastures, prairies, deserts, hills and harbors of Indus valley civilization.
www.facebook.com/RoshniPublication
Book No . 662
Kitab Jo Nalo : Message of Shah
Edited and interpreted by: Mushtaq Ali Shah
First Edition © Roshni 2014
Pages : 567
Size : Double demy
Published By : Roshni Publication, Kandiaro,Sindh
Price Rs. 1299.00
Contact: 022-2780908
www.facebook.com/ShahLatifKitabGhar
Address: Shah Latif Kitab Ghar, Gulzar Marhi, Ghardi Khato, Hyder Chowk, Hyderabad, Sindh.
اسٽاڪسٽ
شاهه لطيف ڪتاب گهر، گاڏي کاتو، حيدرآباد
ڀٽائي بوڪ هائوس اوريئنٽ سينٽر حيدرآباد. ڪنگ پن بڪ شاپ، پريس ڪلب حيدرآباد+ ورسٽي بڪ شاپ ڄامشورو
شير يزدان بڪ اسٽال، ڀٽ شاهه+ حيدر ڪتب خانو، ڀٽ شاهه
ڪاٺياواڙ اسٽور، اردو بازار، ڪراچي+ رابيل ڪتاب گهر، لاڙڪاڻو + رهبر بڪ اڪيڊمي، رابعه سينٽر، لاڙڪاڻو.
مدني بڪ ڊيپو، لاڙڪاڻو + نيشنل بوڪ ڊيپو، بندر روڊ، لاڙڪاڻو
نوراني بوڪ ڊيپو، بندر روڊ، لاڙڪاڻو+ عبدالله بڪ ڊيپو، بندر روڊ لاڙڪاڻو
اشرف بوڪ اسٽال، مسجد روڊ، نوابشاهه+ مڪته گلشير، لياقت مارڪيٽ نواب شاهه
سڪندري بوڪ ڊيپو، کپرو + حافظ ڪتب خانو، کپرو+ المهراڻ ادبي ڪتاب گهر، سانگهڙ+ العزيز ڪتاب گهر، عمرڪوٽ
مدني اسلامي ڪتب خانو دادو+ سليم نيوز ايجنسي، نيو بس اسٽينڊ، دادو + جنيد بوڪ ڊيپو، دادو+ عبدالرزاق بڪ اسٽال ميهڙ
مرچو لال بوڪ ڊيپو، بدين + رحيم بوڪ ڊيپو، بدين + سوجهرو ڪتاب گهر، بدين+ ٿر ڪتاب گهر، مٺي
ڪنگري بوڪ شاپ، اسٽيشن روڊ، ميرپور خاص
مهراڻ بوڪ سينٽر سکر+ ڪتاب مرڪز فريئر روڊ، سکر + عزيز ڪتاب گهر، بئراج روڊ، سکر+الفتح نيوز ايجنسي، مهراڻ مرڪز، سکر+ مڪتبه امام العصر، گهوٽڪي
سنڌ ڪتاب گهر، شڪارپور+ مولوي عبدالحئي شڪارپور + سعيد بوڪ مارٽ، شڪارپور
تهذيب نيوز ايجنسي، خيرپور ميرس+نيشنل بڪ اسٽال، پنج گلو چوڪ، خيرپور ميرس+ مڪتبيه عزيزيه کهڙا + سچل ڪتاب گهر، درازا
ڪنول ڪتاب گهر، موتو+ قاسميه لائبرير، اسپتال روڊ ڪنڊيارو+ سارنگ ڪتاب گهر، ڪنڊيارو
Nothing fires my imagination like a map. Even when I was a kid, I loved to look through my family's enormous, weathered atlas. I recently picked up a book titled Moby Duck that is about a cargo of rubber ducky, bath toys that were lost at sea in 1992 and ended up floating all over the world. Some of the ducks traveled thousands of miles, over more than a decade. I feel something close to mystic dread when I think about those yellow, grinning toy ducks sliding down the side of an enormous Arctic storm driven wave. There is something about all that expansive water, all that space, that just overwhelms me. The book spends a lot of time discussing cartography and ocean currents and beach combers and toy manufacturers in China. It is just the sort of polyglot book that fascinates me. But it is the idea of maps that drew me to the book in the first place, the idea that where each florescent bath toy washed up on a beach was a pin some grand map that said a lot about randomness and the unknowable and the jolly absurdity of humans trying to make the world knowable by drawing birds-eye pictures of it.
The point is, I love a map. So imagine my excitement when a package I had recently ordered came padded inside with torn up maps. The maps were waded up to prevent the contents of the package (a map itself) from sliding around in the box. I spread the crumpled up map fragments out on a large table and began to examine them. The topographic lines of the border between Mexico and Guatemala like musical notation to my travel romanced mind. What a way to start a trip, I thought. Take this bit of map, mark it at random, then try to get there. Coincidence leading to coincidence leading to a real, first-class, tilting-at-windmills, adventure.
Maybe one day I will me able to make that trip. There is an endless list of places I would like to see. A list as long as your arm of places I would love to wake up in, smell the air of, wander their streets, feel the warmth of their sunshine on my face. Until I get to check another one of those places off of my list, I will make do with maps. Because something about the uniquely human urge to document and know a place with a map is similar to what makes me love to travel. Because somehow it feels like out there is where we all should be.
Check out more at my blog, Lemons and Beans, for lots of photos, recipes, travel writing and other ramblings. I appreciate any feedback but, please do not post graphic awards or invitations in your comments.
Brussels is the de facto capital city of the European Union (EU) and the largest urban area in Belgium. It comprises 19 municipalities, including the City of Brussels proper, which is the capital of Belgium, Flanders and the French Community of Belgium.
Brussels has grown from a 10th-century fortress town founded by a descendant of Charlemagne into a metropolis of more than one million inhabitants. The metropolitan area has a population of over 1.8 million, making it the largest in Belgium.
Since the end of the Second World War, Brussels has been an important centre for international politics. The presence of the main EU institutions as well as the headquarters of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) has made the city a polyglot home of many international organisations, politicians, diplomats and civil servants.
Although historically Dutch-speaking, Brussels became more and more French-speaking over the 19th and 20th centuries. Today a majority of inhabitants are native French-speakers, although both languages have official status.
Linguistic tensions remain, and the language laws of the municipalities surrounding Brussels are an issue of much controversy in Belgium.
Vai fazer um intercâmbio ou viagem? Quer treinar o inglês para vestibular e exames? Ou precisa dar um up no speaking para turbinar sua carreira? Assistir algumas videoaulas de inglês pode ser uma grande pedida para aprender o idioma.
A Catraca Livre fez uma seleção incrível para você estudar na boa e sozinho. Leia as dicas e aproveite!
Vídeo ajuda a treinar o inglês com a repetição de 150 frases
O canal Polyglot Pablo, do YouTube, criou diversas videoaulas com as principais frases em inglês para iniciantes. Os vídeos apresentam as frases escritas juntamente com a pronúncia. As palavras são repetidas mais de duas vezes para que o aluno as memorize.
No mesmo canal, ainda há videoaulas de italiano e espanhol. Ou seja, uma ótima oportunidade para treinar idiomas já conhecidos ou aprender novos sem pagar nenhum centavo por isso.
Abaixo segue o primeiro vídeo:
Videoaulas gratuitas ajudam a melhorar o vocabulário e a fluência em inglês
Aprender inglês na internet é uma boa maneira de economizar tempo e dinheiro. Dá para melhorar a fluência, aprender expressões corporativas, gírias e até treinar o idioma com músicas.
No YouTube existem uma infinidade de canais, alguns bem completos. É o caso do Inglês Winner, que tem módulos do iniciante até o avançado, sempre focando na comunicação verbal.
Com mais de um milhão de inscritos e outros milhões de visualizações, o canal do professor Paulo Barros propõe ensinar o chamado ‘inglês real’, aquele que é realmente usado no dia a dia.
Separamos duas aulas para você começar a aprender. A primeira ensina a usar inglês no trabalho e a segunda apresenta algumas expressões que ajudam o aluno a melhorar a fluência. Confira:
Para ter acesso a todos os vídeos, acesse este link.
Alguns canais no YouTube para aprender inglês
Para começar, selecionamos nove canais sensacionais do YouTube com professores que ensinam inglês.
Sim, por meio da rede de vídeos é possível saber muito sobre o idioma, e nos mais diversos contextos e níveis de aprendizagem. Tudo de forma descontraída e didática. Conheça algumas videoaulas de inglês grátis e dê o play:
1. Inglês de Bolso
2. Tia do Inglês
3. Cintia Disse
4. Cyntia Sabino
5. Inglês Compartilhado
6. Mr. Teacher Paulo
7. Teacher Fernanda
8. Teacher Allie
9. Agora Eu Falo
10. Inglês com Séries
11. Inglês 200 horas
12. William Rossi
13. Juliana Selem
Dicas de estudo para você turbinar seu inglês
Quando estamos aprendendo um novo idioma, é comum tentarmos traduzir tudo ao pé da letra. Mas muitas escolas de inglês e métodos de ensino desaprovam essa estratégia. Mas de que maneira absorver o idioma, de forma natural e espontânea?
A verdade é que não existe nenhuma fórmula mágica. Mas, sim, a necessidade de ampliar o contato com a língua. Quanto mais o estudante se expor a ela, mais aquele idioma vai lhe soar natural. Aprender inglês sozinho e ouvir músicas, vídeos, podcasts em inglês facilitam e MUITO esse processo.
Separamos alguns vídeos no YouTube com dicas certeiras para turbinar seus estudos:
Gringo cria canal no YouTube para ensinar inglês para brasileiros
Aproveitando a última sugestão acima, o norte-americano Kevin Porter criou há alguns anos um blog e um canal no YouTube para ensinar Inglês para brasileiros. Os vídeos já foram vistos milhões de vezes, e seu canal conta com uma grande quantidade de inscritos.
Kevin disponibiliza videoaulas de inglês grátis e dicas gratuitas diárias, que ensinam a língua inglesa de forma prática. Com textos e vídeos em português, o professor mostra como é possível aprender o idioma rápido e sem complicação.
Os vídeos abordam verbos mais usados, pronomes e palavras, além de expressões utilizadas no dia a dia.
Perguntas feitas pelos espectadores também rendem tema para as gravações, e aquelas palavrinhas que nunca sabemos quando ou como usar (como do e make, ou to, two e too) ganham aulas dedicadas.
O blog mantido por Kevin é atualizado com textos diários, que abordam verbos, pronúncia, escrita, palavras mais usadas e até construção de frases. Com as informações e dicas contidas nos posts é possível aprender inglês com receitas, música, filmes e seriados.
Os conteúdos ainda incluem posts bastante úteis para quem precisa aprender algo muito específico, como falar ao telefone ou se virar no aeroporto.
O método desenvolvido por Kevin leva em consideração a comunicação simples baseada em verbos, substantivos e adjetivos. Também foca em entender as principais palavras, as mais usadas no vocabulário inglês.
“Criei o método a partir de uma necessidade minha em aprender português e vi que esse método era possível de ser adaptado para aprender outras línguas”, explica Kevin. Ele veio para o Brasil pela primeira vez em 2005 para fazer um trabalho voluntário.
“Após meses tentando aprender a falar português em uma escola tradicional nos Estados Unidos, vi que demoraria anos para me tornar fluente, então passei a estudar por conta própria e em quatro meses eu já conseguia falar e escrever”, exemplifica.
Confira mais vídeos no canal aqui!
Professor irlandês cria canal para ensinar inglês a brasileiros
Já faz alguns anos que a Irlanda é um dos destinos favoritos dos brasileiros que sonham em estudar fora do país.
Por mais que a primeira intenção de quem faz o intercâmbio seja aprender um novo idioma, essa barreira da língua estrangeira sempre acaba atrapalhando. Ou até mesmo adiando os sonhos de muitos intercambistas.
Pensando nisso (e também por ser apaixonado pela cultura brasileira), o professor irlandês Adam Wood, que já teve (e ainda participa de) alguns canais do YouTube sobre o tema, dá aulas de inglês a partir de sua página de Facebook.
Adam faz lives, também traz dicas de inglês e tira dúvidas diretamente de quem se conecta com ele por lá.
Norte-americano larga carreira científica para só ensinar inglês on-line
“Eu prefiro ser uma metamorfose ambulante”, já dizia Raul Seixas (1945-1989) em uma de suas canções mais populares. Movido por essa sensação de mudança, o youtuber norte-americano Gavin Roy tomou a decisão de se dedicar somente aos vídeos na internet e pausar sua carreira científica.
Recentemente Gavin concluiu um doutorado em ciências atmosféricas, mas a paixão pela língua portuguesa e por ajudar pessoas a gostarem de inglês acabou falando mais alto. Em seu canal SmallAdvantages ele publicou a novidade em vídeo. E tudo isso não foi por acaso.
O canal concentra mais milhares inscritos e tem milhões de visualizações de suas videoaulas de inglês já publicadas.
O SmallAdvantages dá dicas de inglês para brasileiros e aborda não só a gramática da língua, mas também tem orientações sobre pronúncia ou livros. E fala sobre as curiosidades do cotidiano nos Estados Unidos.
Mas sabe o diferencial? Gavin fala português e tem um amor declarado pelo Brasil. Aprendeu o nosso idioma sozinho, com a ajuda de podcasts e aplicativos.
A empatia e autenticidade, além do fato de o público poder aprender inglês com um nativo, explicam boa parte do sucesso dele. No canal, 91% dos inscritos são brasileiros e 7% vêm de países como Irlanda, Portugal e Angola.
Em um papo descontraído, ele contou à Catraca Livre que nunca pensou em ser professor e não esperava tanto sucesso. “Nunca ensinei em um curso, em uma aula. Eu não fiz um canal para ganhar muito dinheiro, mas com o objetivo de compartilhar aprendizagens”, diz ele.
“Comecei um canal no YouTube de forma meio espontânea, e aquele canal cresceu e se transformou em algo absolutamente incrível, inesperado”, relata no vídeo que você vê abaixo:
A Copa do Mundo sediada no Brasil em 2014 tem gosto amargo na memória dos brasileiros por conta do “eterno” 7 x 1 da Alemanha. Para Gavin foi um divisor de águas, pois foi sua primeira viagem em terras brazucas. Daí começaram as trocas culturais e a vontade de compartilhar e absorver conhecimento.
Você pode ajudá-lo a manter o canal
Para contar com um help nessa empreitada, Gavin criou uma campanha no Patreon, site que disponibiliza formas de contribuir financeiramente sendo um padrinho mensal do SmallAdvantages.
As colaborações podem ser em qualquer quantia. Mais detalhes neste link e no vídeo com ele mesmo explicando:
Aprenda inglês no YouTube com o professor e rapper MC Fluência
O professor norte-americano Jason Levine, ou Jase para os mais próximos, ficou famoso no YouTube pelo seu método de ensinar inglês com rap ou hip hop. O canal do Fluency MC (MC Fluência, em inglês), como ele é chamado, conta com milhões de visualizações.
Levine vive hoje em Paris, na França, e viaja por escolas de todo o mundo para compartilhar suas músicas com alunos e professores. Seu principal lema é “relax, repeat, remember” (relaxe, repita, lembre-se)”, os três Rs para aprender inglês.
Um dos vídeos de maior destaque é o da música “Stick Stuck Stuck”, em que o professor (e também DJ) canta sobre os verbos irregulares. Além da memorização, as letras de rap tornam o aprendizado mais divertido e dinâmico.
Clique aqui e confira todos os vídeos. Ou, se quiser, veja o site do professor MC.
Em canal no YouTube, outro gringo dá dicas para aprender inglês sozinho
O norte-americano Tim Cunningham, que mora em Nova York, dá dicas de inglês para brasileiros que querem impulsionar o aprendizado do idioma. As aulas estão em seu canal no YouTube, chamado Tim Explica.
Além de ser nativo, o mais bacana é que Tim também fala português (e aprendeu sozinho). O canal surgiu em agosto de 2016 e já conta com centenas de milhares de inscritos. A coletânea de videoaulas de inglês grátis já atingiu milhões de visualizações.
O objetivo de Tim é compartilhar seu modo de aprender uma nova língua. Nos vídeos, ele dá dicas sobre gramática, expressões, erros mais comuns, como falar inglês em situações específicas, sugestões para treinar o idioma e observações sobre a cultura americana.
Confira mais vídeos do Tim Explica aqui.
Turbine seu inglês com mais videoaulas de inglês grátis de um nativo
O YouTube se tornou nos últimos anos um dos melhores caminhos para quem deseja estudar a língua inglesa.
E um dos lugares bem interessantes para quem quer aprimorar o idioma por meio da rede de vídeos é o Barry Inglaterra, canal produzido por um britânico que também fala português.
De forma prática e rápida, você pode encontrar dezenas de vídeos com dicas de inglês.
Entenda o que traz o canal:
Você pode aprender inglês e ter mais informações ao se inscrever no canal aqui.
Professores canadenses e britânicos ensinam inglês em canal no YouTube
Já conhece o site EngVid? A plataforma é uma das mais conhecidas no mundo quando o assunto é aprender com professores nativos. O time conta com 11 teachers sensacionais, entre canadenses e britânicos.
Há aulas do nível básico ao avançado, e você pode passear por diferentes tópicos: compreensão, cultura, expressões, gramática, pronúncia, conversação, vocabulário, escrita, e muito mais. São mais de 900 lições disponíveis.
Além do site, as aulas são publicadas no YouTube, em formato curto e dinâmico. E cada professor tem um canal individual. Confira só:
Adam
Alex
Benjamin
Emma
Gill
Jade
James
Jon
Rebecca
Ronnie
Valen
Bons estudos!
Menina de 7 anos ensina inglês britânico no YouTube
No meio de tantos canais no YouTube que dão dicas para quem quer aprender inglês, um em especial chama atenção. A professora é a simpática Melissa, uma menina de apenas 7 anos.
Com um sotaque britânico super fofo, ela dá dicas de pronúncia, ensina expressões e fala sobre os falsos cognatos — aquelas palavras que parecem ser uma coisa, mas que, na verdade, têm outro significado.
Filha de pais brasileiros, Melissa nasceu na Inglaterra e foi alfabetizada em inglês e em português ao mesmo tempo. Os pais são quem comandam o canal no YouTube, o Londres na Lata.
Eles dividem com seus milhares de seguidores a experiência de morar em Londres e, desde o ano passado, abriram espaço para a filha ensinar o que ela sabe sobre o idioma também. Morra de fofura com as aulas da professora Melissa:
Mais 5 canais no YouTube para aprender inglês com professores nativos
Selecionamos cinco ótimo canais no YouTube para quem quer impulsionar o inglês com professores nativos. E claro, as aulas são todas gratuitas. Conheça e dê o play:
1. Rachel’s English
Rachel é norte-americana e ensina a pronunciação utilizada nos EUA. Aliás, todos os vídeos têm legendas para ajudar os falantes não nativos a compreenderem o vocabulário.
2. Anglo-Link
A professora britânica publica vídeos com exercícios e lições (do básico ao avançado) para ajudar o estudante a melhorar seu domínio do idioma ou se preparar para testes.
3. MmmEnglish
Emma é da Austrália e ensina em seu canal lições de pronúncia, imitação, expressões idiomáticas em inglês e especificidades do inglês australiano.
4. English with Jennifer
Jennifer é norte-americana e ensina inglês para estrangeiros desde 1996. Ela começou o canal em 2007 e desde então dá aulas on-line com dicas de pronunciação, vocabulário e mais.
Professora Carina Fragozo dá dicas de inglês no YouTube
Aprender inglês não precisa ser um bicho de sete cabeças. O acesso mais democrático e as novas linguagens da internet, dentre outros aspectos, estão dando uma nova cara ao processo de aprendizagem de um novo idioma.
E não é porque você está sem condições financeiras de pagar a mensalidade de um curso de inglês que você vai deixar de aprender. Existe uma infinidade de canais no YouTube, através dos quais você pode ter aulas grátis do idioma.
Mas a dica de agora é o canal da professora de inglês Carina Fragozo, formada em Letras – Inglês e mestre em Linguística pela PUC-RS. O English in Brazil está no ar desde 2013, contabilizando milhões de visualizações de suas videoaulas de inglês grátis.
Nos vídeos publicados todas as semanas em seu canal, ela ensina pronúncia, gramática e vocabulário, além de dar dicas de estudo, leituras e apresentar entrevistas com nativos de países da língua inglesa.
E ainda bate papo com convidados a respeito desses assuntos. Veja abaixo alguns exemplos:
O canal surgiu quando Carina percebeu que muitos ex-alunos e conhecidos pediam dicas para aprender inglês. “No final de 2013, gravei um vídeo super caseiro e lembro que em uma semana tive mais de mil visualizações”, relembra.
“A partir de então, comecei a produzir mais e mais vídeos. Não pensei nisso quando criei o canal, mas hoje eu percebo o quanto posso ajudar pessoas que, assim como eu na adolescência, não têm condições de pagar por um curso e que, através dos meus vídeos, se sentem motivados a aprender e atingir seus objetivos”, afirma a professora.
Carina diz jamais imaginar que um dia teria uma sala de aula com mais de um milhão de alunos, de vários cantos do Brasil e no mundo. “A cada comentário, me sinto mais motivada a compartilhar conhecimento e atingir mais e mais pessoas.”
Ela conta também que “sempre quis ser professora” e que aos 12 anos surgiu o interesse em músicas e filmes internacionais. “Acabei me apaixonando pela língua inglesa e pela cultura de países falantes da língua”, diz.
Clique aqui para ver mais vídeos do canal; e aqui para conhecer o blog. Bons estudos!
Autodidata, jovem cearense dá dicas para aprender inglês sozinho
O estudante e empreendedor Henrique Lima, de 22 anos, é autodidata em inglês e há um ano criou um canal no YouTube com dicas para quem quer aprender o idioma sozinho.
O canal Fio da Miada nasceu a partir do site com mesmo nome em que Henrique posta outros conteúdos para os interessados em falar inglês. São mais de 150 artigos publicados.
O jovem mora em Fortaleza (CE), estuda publicidade e propaganda, e ainda é fotógrafo nas horas. Com descontração e leveza, ele aborda temas relacionados à pronúncia, gramática e curiosidades.
Confira abaixo alguns dos vídeos:
Canal no YouTube tem aulas completas de inglês para iniciantes
Voltado para aqueles estudantes que estão com o inglês enferrujado, o canal Educação Ativa Idiomas disponibiliza aulas completas do idioma.
No módulo básico, são 51 videoaulas de inglês, com cerca de 4 minutos cada. A ideia é que o aluno consiga assistir a pelo menos um dos vídeos todos os dias. Afinal, todo mundo sabe que frequência é o que determina o sucesso do aprendizado de idiomas.
O curso também é voltado para atender profissionais do ramo de serviços, como garçons e atendentes de hotéis, que precisam estar prontos para receber clientes estrangeiros.
As aulas abordam temas como falsos cognatos gírias e ainda simulam situações corriqueiras em aeroportos, restaurantes e hospitais.
O vídeo abaixo, por exemplo, é referente a aula de inglês para garçons.
Para ter acesso a todas as videoaulas, acesse aqui e veja a primeira videoaula, com o alfabeto inglês.
Aprenda inglês e se divirta com músicas ao mesmo tempo
Se você quer melhorar muito o seu inglês, uma ótima ideia é estudar o idioma com vídeos musicais. Assim, além de videoaulas de inglês propriamente ditas, aperfeiçoar a língua inglesa fica muito mais fácil.
Cantar Inglês
Para quem deseja treinar o ouvido, por exemplo, um canal bem bacana está disponível no YouTube: o Cantar Inglês. No espaço, lições sobre a língua são dadas trecho por trecho, som por som, ideia bastante interessante para quem está começando o aprendizado.
O canal é comandado pela professora Sandra (Sendi para os íntimos), que ensina de maneira bem didática a pronúncia correta de letras de músicas em inglês.
“Hello, it’s me”, frase que abre o hit de Adele, por exemplo, foi simplificada para a compreensão com “râlôu êts mi”. Se você se identifica com a metodologia, faça um teste.
São várias videoaulas com músicas de Ed sheeran, Sia, Justin Bieber, Demi Lovato, Beyoncé, Rihanna e muito mais. Veja alguns dos vídeos abaixo:
Confira a página do projeto no Facebook para acompanhar as novidades. Além disso, no site Cantar Inglês a professor dá suporte aos usuários pelo chat ou e-mail.
Se você está começando a aprender inglês, inicie com a playlist Nível Fácil.
Aprenda Inglês com Música
Quer Mais uma dica com música para facilitar muito o seu aprendizado? Outro canal bem bacana está disponível, também no YouTube: o Aprenda Inglês com Música.
São diversos vídeos para quem quer ouvir melhor o idioma. E a boa sacada deste canal é que ele traz legendas duplas, o que facilita bastante o aprendizado.
Videoaulas de inglês grátis no estilo karaokê para crianças
Quer continuar a aprender inglês com músicas, mas agora para crianças?
O Cambridge English Language Assessment, departamento sem fins lucrativos da Universidade de Cambridge dedicado à certificação e exame de proficiência em inglês, oferece gratuitamente um novo game para o público infantil.
Trata-se da série de vídeos Sing and Learn, desenvolvida em formato de karaokê.
A ideia é fazer a criançada se divertir e soltar a voz durante as férias ou momentos de descanso e descontração, enquanto aprendem inglês de uma maneira lúdica.
O recurso foi criado, principalmente, para oferecer a meninas e meninos que se preparam para prestar os exames Cambridge English: Young Learners (YLE).
O YLE consiste em uma série de testes divertidos e motivadores em língua inglesa para estimular o aprendizado, checar se o conhecimento no idioma foi adquirido de forma sólida e preparar os alunos para os certificados do futuro.
Para isso, canções infantis familiares foram regravadas com novas letras que têm como base o vocabulário empregado nos níveis Starters, voltado para crianças no ensino fundamental I; e Movers, que checa o progresso das habilidades linguísticas ainda dentro do ensino fundamental.
De forma interativa, os pequenos são convidados e incentivados a cantar junto e, de maneira complementar, há atividades temáticas de leitura e escrita baseadas no vocabulário, gramática e estrutura usadas nas letras das músicas e também dicas para pais e professores.
Clique aqui e conheça a plataforma da Universidade de Cambridge!
Brussels is the de facto capital city of the European Union (EU) and the largest urban area in Belgium. It comprises 19 municipalities, including the City of Brussels proper, which is the capital of Belgium, Flanders and the French Community of Belgium.
Brussels has grown from a 10th-century fortress town founded by a descendant of Charlemagne into a metropolis of more than one million inhabitants. The metropolitan area has a population of over 1.8 million, making it the largest in Belgium.
Since the end of the Second World War, Brussels has been an important centre for international politics. The presence of the main EU institutions as well as the headquarters of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) has made the city a polyglot home of many international organisations, politicians, diplomats and civil servants.
Although historically Dutch-speaking, Brussels became more and more French-speaking over the 19th and 20th centuries. Today a majority of inhabitants are native French-speakers, although both languages have official status.
Linguistic tensions remain, and the language laws of the municipalities surrounding Brussels are an issue of much controversy in Belgium.
The Plantin-Moretus Museum (Dutch: Plantin-Moretusmuseum) is a printing museum in Antwerp, Belgium which focuses on the work of the 16th-century printers Christophe Plantin and Jan Moretus. It is located in their former residence and printing establishment, the Plantin Press, at the Vrijdagmarkt (Friday Market) in Antwerp, and has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2005.
The printing company was founded in the 16th century by Christophe Plantin, who obtained type from the leading typefounders of the day in Paris. Plantin was a major figure in contemporary printing with interests in humanism; his eight-volume, multi-language Plantin Polyglot Bible with Hebrew, Aramaic, Greek and Syriac texts was one of the most complex productions of the period. Plantin's is now suspected of being at least connected to members of heretical groups known as the Familists, and this may have led him to spend time in exile in his native France.
View of the courtyard of the museum
After Plantin's death it was owned by his son-in-law Jan Moretus. While most printing concerns disposed of their collections of older type in the eighteenth and nineteenth century in response to changing tastes, the Plantin-Moretus company "piously preserved the collection of its founder."
Four women ran the family-owned Plantin-Moretus printing house (Plantin Press) over the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries: Martina Plantin, Anna Goos, Anna Maria de Neuf and Maria Theresia Borrekens.
In 1876 Edward Moretus sold the company to the city of Antwerp. One year later the public could visit the living areas and the printing presses. The collection has been used extensively for research, by historians H. D. L. Vervliet, Mike Parker and Harry Carter. Carter's son Matthew would later describe this research as helping to demonstrate "that the finest collection of printing types made in typography's golden age was in perfect condition (some muddle aside) [along with] Plantin's accounts and inventories which names the cutters of his types."
In 2002 the museum was nominated as UNESCO World Heritage Site and in 2005 was inscribed onto the World Heritage list.
The Plantin-Moretus Museum possesses an exceptional collection of typographical material. Not only does it house the two oldest surviving printing presses in the world and complete sets of dies and matrices, it also has an extensive library, a richly decorated interior and the entire archives of the Plantin business, which were inscribed on UNESCO's Memory of the World Programme Register in 2001 in recognition of their historical significance.
The brothers de la Torre provoke and inspire in Arizona museum exhibition
When curator Julie Sasse walked through the “Borderlandia: Cultural Topographies by Einar and Jamex de la Torre” exhibition with the artists in tow, she had a lot of notes to take to help the docents at the Tucson Museum of Art explain the work to museum visitors. With 46 pieces and three installations, many of which come from a recent exhibition of the same name at the Craft and Folk Art Museum, Sasse scribbled down Einar and Jamex de la Torre’s elaborations on the mixed-media sculptures and installations they create, including a wide array of seemingly contradictory allusions to everything from Pee-wee Herman and Carlos Castañeda, Catholicism and Aztec religious beliefs, fast food and the Vietnamese noodle soup pho, the narcotics trade and the Pennsylvania steel industry, and Ricky Martin and the Zapotec peoples in Oaxaca — to name just a few.
The De la Torre brothers inhabit a multicultural, polyglot world, creating works that serve as delightful and thought-provoking funhouse mirrors that distort reality in comical and subversive ways. Whether it’s a reflection of the increasing diversity of athletes in American sports in Nazcar Dad or an homage to the violent Oaxaca rebellion in 2006 through zAppo, the brothers let their imaginations run wild, exploring everything from the cultural significance of fusion cuisine and the deeper side of pop culture to the intersection between Mexican and American cultures and politics.
While the brothers started exploring political themes long before Governor Jan Brewer signed Arizona SB 1070, the toughest anti-immigration laws on the books in the United States, the Tucson Museum of Art has emphasized the timely relevance of the exhibition in what its website broadly describes as “a particularly contentious time in the Southwest.” This framework may be too narrow to fully encompass the scope of the artists’ interests. “We were dealing with border issues in our work long before the draconian Arizona laws,” Einar told the Hot Sheet. “Only some of our work deals with the regional issues, but living and working here, it does become part of our vocabulary.”
Though just one aspect of the brothers’ work, Sasse has noted positive responses by museum visitors. “They’re very irreverent. They have a dark humor ― think nine-year-old boy meets seasoned politician or activist, which I mean only in the best possible way. One minute it’s very much about them growing up with matchbox cards and then it’s a very serious situation with the narco trade,” she said. “We’re thrilled to have this exhibition. It has kept a lively debate going. It’s a perfect fit for this region and this institution. I think it has enlivened the debate in a very healthy way. The work is as beautiful as it is thought-provoking and I’m glad it’s here.”
— Grace Duggan
The brothers de la Torre provoke and inspire in Arizona museum exhibition
When curator Julie Sasse walked through the “Borderlandia: Cultural Topographies by Einar and Jamex de la Torre” exhibition with the artists in tow, she had a lot of notes to take to help the docents at the Tucson Museum of Art explain the work to museum visitors. With 46 pieces and three installations, many of which come from a recent exhibition of the same name at the Craft and Folk Art Museum, Sasse scribbled down Einar and Jamex de la Torre’s elaborations on the mixed-media sculptures and installations they create, including a wide array of seemingly contradictory allusions to everything from Pee-wee Herman and Carlos Castañeda, Catholicism and Aztec religious beliefs, fast food and the Vietnamese noodle soup pho, the narcotics trade and the Pennsylvania steel industry, and Ricky Martin and the Zapotec peoples in Oaxaca — to name just a few.
The De la Torre brothers inhabit a multicultural, polyglot world, creating works that serve as delightful and thought-provoking funhouse mirrors that distort reality in comical and subversive ways. Whether it’s a reflection of the increasing diversity of athletes in American sports in Nazcar Dad or an homage to the violent Oaxaca rebellion in 2006 through zAppo, the brothers let their imaginations run wild, exploring everything from the cultural significance of fusion cuisine and the deeper side of pop culture to the intersection between Mexican and American cultures and politics.
While the brothers started exploring political themes long before Governor Jan Brewer signed Arizona SB 1070, the toughest anti-immigration laws on the books in the United States, the Tucson Museum of Art has emphasized the timely relevance of the exhibition in what its website broadly describes as “a particularly contentious time in the Southwest.” This framework may be too narrow to fully encompass the scope of the artists’ interests. “We were dealing with border issues in our work long before the draconian Arizona laws,” Einar told the Hot Sheet. “Only some of our work deals with the regional issues, but living and working here, it does become part of our vocabulary.”
Though just one aspect of the brothers’ work, Sasse has noted positive responses by museum visitors. “They’re very irreverent. They have a dark humor ― think nine-year-old boy meets seasoned politician or activist, which I mean only in the best possible way. One minute it’s very much about them growing up with matchbox cards and then it’s a very serious situation with the narco trade,” she said. “We’re thrilled to have this exhibition. It has kept a lively debate going. It’s a perfect fit for this region and this institution. I think it has enlivened the debate in a very healthy way. The work is as beautiful as it is thought-provoking and I’m glad it’s here.”
— Grace Duggan
Embossed cover of the Plantin Polyglot Bible (Vol. 1) / printed as "Biblia Polyglotta" by Christopher Plantin in Antwerp between 1568 and 1573 as an expression of loyalty to King Philip II of Spain / purchased in 1669 by Chetham's Library, Manchester, UK
I know that speaking English should be fairly easy, because once I learnt how to speak Japanese, speaking French happened instantly! By learning how to speak Japanese I learnt something about speaking languages, not just about speaking Japanese, that allows for very fast language acquisition. There are many people who have this experience, and many polyglots on YouTube for example demonstrating that they can speak in ten or more languages. These people are not geniuses, nor do they have some special innate ability. I certainly did not. I was pretty poop at languages when I was at school.
I noted that after having become able to speak Japanese I also became able to speak, or perform, nonsensical impersonations of languages , something I was unable to do prior to my acquisition of Japanese. I now encourage students to attempt this at the beginning of every class. But this wall appears to be too tough for many of the students who remain silent, even though I make it plain that there is no need for their impersonations to be any good at all, just that they make meaningless noises. Meaninglessness is as scary as death (Heine, Proulx, Vohs, 2006).
However, when asked to respond to yes no questions mechanically irrespective of the real correct answer along the following lines
Do you eat fish? Yes I eat fish.
Can you eat fish? Yes, I can eat fish.
Should you eat fish? Yes, I should eat fish.
The students have little difficulty in responding with the correct grammatical structure. They are almost there. They appear to have no fear of meaningless repetition of this type.
After stretching their minds with nonsense, and practising English forms, I ask students to simply ask as many questions as quickly as possible from the permutations of question words
Why
When
Where
How often
How
Who....with
What (noun)
And auxiliaries
do / don't
did / didn't
will/ won't
can / can't
should / shouldn't
must / mustn't
could /couldn't
have / haven't (+ past participle)
do/ don't want to
are/aren't going to
For example Do you eat fish, why do you eat fish? Why didn't you eat fish, yesterday? Where can you eat fish? How should you eat fish? Where mustn't you eat fish? What fish couldn't you eat etc. There are 7 question words and 20 auxiliary verbs, including their negatives, allowing students to make 140 permutations, all of which the students were taught many years ago. At this point the students find it very difficult to dash out a string of sentences so as to improve their fluency.
What is going on? It seems to me that the type of meaningless that is especially horrifying is that which results in isolation.
At a philosophical level, we are always bonded to others (and the Other), and it is by virtue of this bond that we have a self at all. Severing the bond to the other is as frightening as death.
In the classroom it seems that the students are not prepared to ask a question that they have not first rehearsed, usually in Japanese, to ensure that it makes sense to ask it, that it is answerable. They have a tremendous fear of asking a question that would be unanswerable, that would have no possible response, that would be in this respect the same as the nonsense, free fall, vertigo that most of them cannot bear to do at the beginning of the lesson.
First of all, the truth is that it is quite difficult to find a permutation of question words and auxiliary verbs that results in an unanswerable question.
Students are quite good at coming up with answers such as the following.
Where must you eat fish? I must eat fish in a Sushi restaurant.
How shouldn't you eat fish? I shouldn't eat fish with my hands.
When mustn't you eat fish? I mustn't eat fish in class.
But very occasionally, it is pretty difficult to answer such as
How do you live in Yamaguchi?
How often mustn't you live in Yamaguchi?
It seems to me that the students are extremely afraid of putting the other, their partner, on the spot with a question that results in silence. This severance of the question - response chain feels again like free fall without a parachute. Though she traps us, we love the spirit of gravity.
But the truth is that she is not there. There is no other that will get angry if the chains are broken. It is absolutely no problem to ask response-less questions such as "How do you live in Yamaguchi?" "Where do you know English?"
So in order to facilitate their ability to ask questions without checking them out in Japanese, just to fire them out one after the other to improve fluency, I will have students first practice asking almost unanswerable questions.
Sometimes their partners will think of a response such as
How do you live in Yamaguchi. I live in Yamaguchi on my own, peacefully, in luxury.
But other times, "Where do you know English," there will be that DREADFUL PAUSE! But, if they hit the pause, a few times, perhaps they will come to realise that there is nothing in it to fear. It is not there.
I will make a list of unanswerable questions for wall, dreadful pause, hitting practice.
Somehow I think that when doing karate forms punching the air, I am punching the woman that is not there, and in general there are a lot of walls that we could hit so as to find that they are not there.
Heine, Steven J., Travis Proulx, and Kathleen D. Vohs. "The meaning maintenance model: On the coherence of social motivations." Personality and Social Psychology Review 10.2 (2006): 88-110.
Sid Caesar speaking double talk.
This is probably the most important page in the book but I don't think that many people read it and far fewer take it seriously.
This reminds me of one of the questions that the Buddha refused to answer: "Where does the self come from?"
I think that he refused to answer the question, for the same reason as the answer: the answer is simply so embarrassing, so shameful.
And so is speaking double speak like Sid Caesar. Prove me wrong.
Likewise, when people ask me the secret of speaking foreign languages, and I tell them it is learning to speak double-speak like Sid Caesar they generally think that I am an embarrassing nut-job. But in fact, the biggest reason why we can not speak foreign languages is because we can not jump into that world of un-meaning shared by Sid's double speak. If you can, they I predict you will become a polyglot.
But most people will not even try.
Unbound licence (free to use as a photocopiable resource but not in a book). Do not use the model for anything other than this resource.
Not my photo, at all at all.
Warning: Anything you say under these images will be raped and pillaged for me new book. Be double warmed.
Be it on your own head, Anne Bujold, a thousand rollers or not.
Two, at least, of the people in this photoplay are now known by me to be beastly dead, Messers Schneider and Delon. Let this be a lesson to us all. I am not suggesting it's because they insisted that they go on their holliers, but on the other hand read into it what you will, which is usually the case anyway.
I don't know about this other lady in this technicolour mountage, but she must be very old now, even as old as yours truly, or older, that is if she's still with us, you and me, that is.
I still remember when tans weren't orange and didn't come in a handy plastic bottle. Nipples were brown buttons then too. That ages me somewhat, I know.
There was always that little edge of sadness in Romy's smile, and she wasn't really a messer. I take that doubly back, and am doubly sorry that I ever thought that, even.
The later identified, through teeth records, Miss Birkin, of the famous old bag, and heavy breathing, is still with us, thankfully.
I remain very fond of Birkenstocks, but have no idea if they run in the family, or not. In this age of broadly sweeping fires it probably would be a very good idea if they did.
Grab that bottle of Johnny Walker, will ye?
Anyways, for some reason or other, beyond my understanding, I never really got invited to this sort of shindig. I could never work out why.
God only knows I was polyglottal enough, in me own head anyway. Being ginger though I couldn't get a tan, and maybe blotchy was frowned on in those days before that handy plastic bottle was invented.
Mumbai (/mʊmˈbaɪ/; also known as Bombay, the official name until 1995) is the capital city of the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is the most populous city in India and the ninth most populous agglomeration in the world, with an estimated city population of 18.4 million. Along with the neighbouring regions of the Mumbai Metropolitan Region, it is one of the most populous urban regions in the world and the seсond most populous metropolitan area in India, with a population of 20.7 million as of 2011. Mumbai lies on the west coast of India and has a deep natural harbour. In 2009, Mumbai was named an alpha world city. It is also the wealthiest city in India, and has the highest GDP of any city in South, West, or Central Asia. Mumbai has the highest number of billionaires and millionaires among all cities in India.The seven islands that came to constitute Mumbai were home to communities of fishing colonies. For centuries, the islands were under the control of successive indigenous empires before being ceded to the Portuguese and subsequently to the British East India Company when in 1661 King Charles II married the Portuguese Catherine of Braganza, and as part of her dowry Charles received the ports of Tangier and seven islands of Bombay. During the mid-18th century, Bombay was reshaped by the Hornby Vellard project, which undertook reclamation of the area between the seven islands from the sea. Along with construction of major roads and railways, the reclamation project, completed in 1845, transformed Bombay into a major seaport on the Arabian Sea. Bombay in the 19th century was characterized by economic and educational development. During the early 20th century it became a strong base for the Indian independence movement. Upon India's independence in 1947 the city was incorporated into Bombay State. In 1960, following the Samyukta Maharashtra movement, a new state of Maharashtra was created with Bombay as the capital.Mumbai is the financial, commercial and entertainment capital of India. It is also one of the world's top ten centres of commerce in terms of global financial flow, generating 6.16% of India's GDP and accounting for 25% of industrial output, 70% of maritime trade in India (Mumbai Port Trust and JNPT), and 70% of capital transactions to India's economy. The city houses important financial institutions such as the Reserve Bank of India, the Bombay Stock Exchange, the National Stock Exchange of India, the SEBI and the corporate headquarters of numerous Indian companies and multinational corporations. It is also home to some of India's premier scientific and nuclear institutes like BARC, NPCL, IREL, TIFR, AERB, AECI, and the Department of Atomic Energy. The city also houses India's Hindi (Bollywood) and Marathi film and television industry. Mumbai's business opportunities, as well as its potential to offer a higher standard of living, attract migrants from all over India, making the city a melting pot of many communities and cultures.
ETYMOLOGY
The name Mumbai is derived from Mumbā or Mahā-Ambā—the name of the patron goddess (Kuladevi) Mumbadevi of the native Agri, Koli and Somvanshi Kshatriya communities - and ā'ī meaning "mother" in the Marathi language, which is the mother tongue of the kolis and the official language of Maharashtra.
The oldest known names for the city are Kakamuchee and Galajunkja; these are sometimes still used. Ali Muhammad Khan, in the Mirat-i-Ahmedi (1507) referred to the city as Manbai. In 1508, Portuguese writer Gaspar Correia used the name Bombaim, in his Lendas da Índia ("Legends of India"). This name possibly originated as the Old Portuguese phrase bom baim, meaning "good little bay", and Bombaim is still commonly used in Portuguese. In 1516, Portuguese explorer Duarte Barbosa used the name Tana-Maiambu: Tana appears to refer to the adjoining town of Thane and Maiambu to Mumbadevi.
Other variations recorded in the 16th and the 17th centuries include: Mombayn (1525), Bombay (1538), Bombain (1552), Bombaym (1552), Monbaym (1554), Mombaim (1563), Mombaym (1644), Bambaye (1666), Bombaiim (1666), Bombeye (1676), Boon Bay (1690), and Bon Bahia. After the British gained possession of the city in the 17th century, the Portuguese name was officially anglicised as Bombay.
By the late 20th century, the city was referred to as Mumbai or Mambai in the Indian statewise official languages of Marathi, Konkani, Gujarati, Kannada and Sindhi, and as Bambai in Hindi. The English name was officially changed to Mumbai in November 1995. This came at the insistence of the Marathi nationalist Shiv Sena party that had just won the Maharashtra state elections and mirrored similar name changes across the country and particularly in Maharashtra. According to Slate, "they argued that 'Bombay' was a corrupted English version of 'Mumbai' and an unwanted legacy of British colonial rule." Slate also said "The push to rename Bombay was part of a larger movement to strengthen Marathi identity in the Maharashtra region." While the city is still referred to as Bombay by some of its residents and Indians from other regions, mention of the city by a name other than Mumbai has been controversial, resulting in emotional outbursts sometimes of a violently political nature.
A resident of Mumbai is called mumbaikar; in Marathi language the suffix kar has a meaning resident of. The term has been in use for quite some time but it gained popularity after the official name change to Mumbai.
EARLY HISTORY
Mumbai is built on what was once an archipelago of seven islands: Bombay Island, Parel, Mazagaon, Mahim, Colaba, Worli, and Old Woman's Island (also known as Little Colaba). It is not exactly known when these islands were first inhabited. Pleistocene sediments found along the coastal areas around Kandivali in northern Mumbai suggest that the islands were inhabited since the Stone Age. Perhaps at the beginning of the Common era (2,000 years ago), or possibly earlier, they came to be occupied by the Koli fishing community.
In the third century BCE, the islands formed part of the Maurya Empire, during its expansion in the south, ruled by the Buddhist emperor, Ashoka of Magadha. The Kanheri Caves in Borivali were excavated in the mid-third century BCE, and served as an important centre of Buddhism in Western India during ancient Times. The city then was known as Heptanesia (Ancient Greek: A Cluster of Seven Islands) to the Greek geographer Ptolemy in 150 CE. The Mahakali Caves in Andheri were built between the 1st century BCE and the 6th century CE.
Between the second century BCE and ninth century CE, the islands came under the control of successive indigenous dynasties: Satavahanas, Western Kshatrapas, Abhiras, Vakatakas, Kalachuris, Konkan Mauryas, Chalukyas and Rashtrakutas, before being ruled by the Silhara dynasty from 810 to 1260. Some of the oldest edifices in the city built during this period are, Jogeshwari Caves (between 520 and 525), Elephanta Caves (between the sixth to seventh century), Walkeshwar Temple (10th century), and Banganga Tank (12th century).
King Bhimdev founded his kingdom in the region in the late 13th century and established his capital in Mahikawati (present day Mahim). The Pathare Prabhus, among the earliest known settlers of the city, were brought to Mahikawati from Saurashtra in Gujarat around 1298 by Bhimdev. The Delhi Sultanate annexed the islands in 1347–48 and controlled it until 1407. During this time, the islands were administered by the Muslim Governors of Gujarat, who were appointed by the Delhi Sultanate.
The islands were later governed by the independent Gujarat Sultanate, which was established in 1407. The Sultanate's patronage led to the construction of many mosques, prominent being the Haji Ali Dargah in Worli, built in honour of the Muslim saint Haji Ali in 1431. From 1429 to 1431, the islands were a source of contention between the Gujarat Sultanate and the Bahamani Sultanate of Deccan. In 1493, Bahadur Khan Gilani of the Bahamani Sultanate attempted to conquer the islands but was defeated.
PORTUGUESE AND BRITISH RULE
The Mughal Empire, founded in 1526, was the dominant power in the Indian subcontinent during the mid-16th century. Growing apprehensive of the power of the Mughal emperor Humayun, Sultan Bahadur Shah of the Gujarat Sultanate was obliged to sign the Treaty of Bassein with the Portuguese Empire on 23 December 1534. According to the treaty, the seven islands of Bombay, the nearby strategic town of Bassein and its dependencies were offered to the Portuguese. The territories were later surrendered on 25 October 1535.
The Portuguese were actively involved in the foundation and growth of their Roman Catholic religious orders in Bombay. They called the islands by various names, which finally took the written form Bombaim. The islands were leased to several Portuguese officers during their regime. The Portuguese Franciscans and Jesuits built several churches in the city, prominent being the St. Michael's Church at Mahim (1534), St. John the Baptist Church at Andheri (1579), St. Andrew's Church at Bandra (1580), and Gloria Church at Byculla (1632). The Portuguese also built several fortifications around the city like the Bombay Castle, Castella de Aguada (Castelo da Aguada or Bandra Fort), and Madh Fort. The English were in constant struggle with the Portuguese vying for hegemony over Bombay, as they recognized its strategic natural harbour and its natural isolation from land-attacks. By the middle of the 17th century the growing power of the Dutch Empire forced the English to acquire a station in western India. On 11 May 1661, the marriage treaty of Charles II of England and Catherine of Braganza, daughter of King John IV of Portugal, placed the islands in possession of the English Empire, as part of Catherine's dowry to Charles. However, Salsette, Bassein, Mazagaon, Parel, Worli, Sion, Dharavi, and Wadala still remained under Portuguese possession. From 1665 to 1666, the English managed to acquire Mahim, Sion, Dharavi, and Wadala.
In accordance with the Royal Charter of 27 March 1668, England leased these islands to the English East India Company in 1668 for a sum of £10 per annum. The population quickly rose from 10,000 in 1661, to 60,000 in 1675. The islands were subsequently attacked by Yakut Khan, the Siddi admiral of the Mughal Empire, in October 1672, Rickloffe van Goen, the Governor-General of Dutch India on 20 February 1673, and Siddi admiral Sambal on 10 October 1673.In 1687, the English East India Company transferred its headquarters from Surat to Bombay. The city eventually became the headquarters of the Bombay Presidency. Following the transfer, Bombay was placed at the head of all the Company's establishments in India. Towards the end of the 17th century, the islands again suffered incursions from Yakut Khan in 1689–90. The Portuguese presence ended in Bombay when the Marathas under Peshwa Baji Rao I captured Salsette in 1737, and Bassein in 1739. By the middle of the 18th century, Bombay began to grow into a major trading town, and received a huge influx of migrants from across India. Later, the British occupied Salsette on 28 December 1774. With the Treaty of Surat (1775), the British formally gained control of Salsette and Bassein, resulting in the First Anglo-Maratha War. The British were able to secure Salsette from the Marathas without violence through the Treaty of Purandar (1776), and later through the Treaty of Salbai (1782), signed to settle the outcome of the First Anglo-Maratha War.
From 1782 onwards, the city was reshaped with large-scale civil engineering projects aimed at merging all the seven islands into a single amalgamated mass. This project, known as Hornby Vellard, was completed by 1784. In 1817, the British East India Company under Mountstuart Elphinstone defeated Baji Rao II, the last of the Maratha Peshwa in the Battle of Khadki. Following his defeat, almost the whole of the Deccan came under British suzerainty, and was incorporated into the Bombay Presidency. The success of the British campaign in the Deccan marked the liberation of Bombay from all attacks by native powers.
By 1845, the seven islands coalesced into a single landmass by the Hornby Vellard project via large scale land reclamation. On 16 April 1853, India's first passenger railway line was established, connecting Bombay to the neighbouring town of Thana (now Thane). During the American Civil War (1861–1865), the city became the world's chief cotton-trading market, resulting in a boom in the economy that subsequently enhanced the city's stature.
The opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 transformed Bombay into one of the largest seaports on the Arabian Sea. In September 1896, Bombay was hit by a bubonic plague epidemic where the death toll was estimated at 1,900 people per week. About 850,000 people fled Bombay and the textile industry was adversely affected. As the capital of the Bombay Presidency, the city witnessed the Indian independence movement, with the Quit India Movement in 1942 and The Royal Indian Navy Mutiny in 1946 being its most notable events.
INDEPENDENT INDIA
After India's independence in 1947, the territory of the Bombay Presidency retained by India was restructured into Bombay State. The area of Bombay State increased, after several erstwhile princely states that joined the Indian union were integrated into the state. Subsequently, the city became the capital of Bombay State. On April 1950, Municipal limits of Bombay were expanded by merging the Bombay Suburban District and Bombay City to form the Greater Bombay Municipal Corporation.
The Samyukta Maharashtra movement to create a separate Maharashtra state including Bombay was at its height in the 1950s. In the Lok Sabha discussions in 1955, the Congress party demanded that the city be constituted as an autonomous city-state. The States Reorganisation Committee recommended a bilingual state for Maharashtra–Gujarat with Bombay as its capital in its 1955 report. Bombay Citizens' Committee, an advocacy group of leading Gujarati industrialists lobbied for Bombay's independent status.
Following protests during the movement in which 105 people lost their lives in clashes with the police, Bombay State was reorganised on linguistic lines on 1 May 1960. Gujarati-speaking areas of Bombay State were partitioned into the state of Gujarat. Maharashtra State with Bombay as its capital was formed with the merger of Marathi-speaking areas of Bombay State, eight districts from Central Provinces and Berar, five districts from Hyderabad State, and numerous princely states enclosed between them. As a memorial to the martyrs of the Samyukta Maharashtra movement, Flora Fountain was renamed as Hutatma Chowk (Martyr's Square), and a memorial was erected.
The following decades saw massive expansion of the city and its suburbs. In the late 1960s, Nariman Point and Cuffe Parade were reclaimed and developed. The Bombay Metropolitan Region Development Authority (BMRDA) was established on 26 January 1975 by the Government of Maharashtra as an apex body for planning and co-ordination of development activities in the Bombay metropolitan region. In August 1979, a sister township of New Bombay was founded by the City and Industrial Development Corporation (CIDCO) across the Thane and Raigad districts to help the dispersal and control of Bombay's population. The textile industry in Bombay largely disappeared after the widespread 1982 Great Bombay Textile Strike, in which nearly 250,000 workers in more than 50 textile mills went on strike. Mumbai's defunct cotton mills have since become the focus of intense redevelopment.
The Jawaharlal Nehru Port, which currently handles 55–60% of India's containerised cargo, was commissioned on 26 May 1989 across the creek at Nhava Sheva with a view to de-congest Bombay Harbour and to serve as a hub port for the city. The geographical limits of Greater Bombay were coextensive with municipal limits of Greater Bombay. On 1 October 1990, the Greater Bombay district was bifurcated to form two revenue districts namely, Bombay City and Bombay Suburban, though they continued to be administered by same Municipal Administration.
From 1990 to 2010, there has been an increase in violence in the hitherto largely peaceful city. Following the demolition of the Babri Masjid in Ayodhya, the city was rocked by the Hindu-Muslim riots of 1992–93 in which more than 1,000 people were killed. On 12 March 1993, a series of 13 co-ordinated bombings at several city landmarks by Islamic extremists and the Bombay underworld resulted in 257 deaths and over 700 injuries. In 2006, 209 people were killed and over 700 injured when seven bombs exploded on the city's commuter trains. In 2008, a series of ten coordinated attacks by armed terrorists for three days resulted in 173 deaths, 308 injuries, and severe damage to several heritage landmarks and prestigious hotels. The blasts that occurred at the Opera House, Zaveri Bazaar, and Dadar on 13 July 2011 were the latest in the series of terrorist attacks in Mumbai.
Mumbai is the commercial capital of India and has evolved into a global financial hub. For several decades it has been the home of India's main financial services, and a focus for both infrastructure development and private investment. From being an ancient fishing community and a colonial centre of trade, Mumbai has become South Asia's largest city and home of the world's most prolific film industry.
GEOGRAPHY
Mumbai consists of two distinct regions: Mumbai City district and Mumbai Suburban district, which form two separate revenue districts of Maharashtra. The city district region is also commonly referred to as the Island City or South Mumbai. The total area of Mumbai is 603.4 km2. Of this, the island city spans 67.79 km2, while the suburban district spans 370 km2, together accounting for 437.71 km2 under the administration of Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai (MCGM). The remaining areas belong to various Defence establishments, the Mumbai Port Trust, the Atomic Energy Commission and the Borivali National Park, which are out of the jurisdiction of the MCGM.
Mumbai lies at the mouth of the Ulhas River on the western coast of India, in the coastal region known as the Konkan. It sits on Salsette Island (Sashti Island), which it partially shares with the Thane district. Mumbai is bounded by the Arabian Sea to the west. Many parts of the city lie just above sea level, with elevations ranging from 10 m to 15 m; the city has an average elevation of 14 m. Northern Mumbai (Salsette) is hilly, and the highest point in the city is 450 m at Salsette in the Powai–Kanheri ranges. The Sanjay Gandhi National Park (Borivali National Park) is located partly in the Mumbai suburban district, and partly in the Thane district, and it extends over an area of 103.09 km2.
Apart from the Bhatsa Dam, there are six major lakes that supply water to the city: Vihar, Lower Vaitarna, Upper Vaitarna, Tulsi, Tansa and Powai. Tulsi Lake and Vihar Lake are located in Borivili National Park, within the city's limits. The supply from Powai lake, also within the city limits, is used only for agricultural and industrial purposes. Three small rivers, the Dahisar River, Poinsar (or Poisar) and Ohiwara (or Oshiwara) originate within the park, while the polluted Mithi River originates from Tulsi Lake and gathers water overflowing from Vihar and Powai Lakes. The coastline of the city is indented with numerous creeks and bays, stretching from the Thane creek on the eastern to Madh Marve on the western front. The eastern coast of Salsette Island is covered with large mangrove swamps, rich in biodiversity, while the western coast is mostly sandy and rocky.
Soil cover in the city region is predominantly sandy due to its proximity to the sea. In the suburbs, the soil cover is largely alluvial and loamy. The underlying rock of the region is composed of black Deccan basalt flows, and their acidic and basic variants dating back to the late Cretaceous and early Eocene eras. Mumbai sits on a seismically active zone owing to the presence of 23 fault lines in the vicinity. The area is classified as a Seismic Zone III region, which means an earthquake of up to magnitude 6.5 on the Richter scale may be expected.
ARCHITECTURE
The architecture of the city is a blend of Gothic Revival, Indo-Saracenic, Art Deco, and other contemporary styles. Most of the buildings during the British period, such as the Victoria Terminus and Bombay University, were built in Gothic Revival style. Their architectural features include a variety of European influences such as German gables, Dutch roofs, Swiss timbering, Romance arches, Tudor casements, and traditional Indian features. There are also a few Indo-Saracenic styled buildings such as the Gateway of India. Art Deco styled landmarks can be found along the Marine Drive and west of the Oval Maidan. Mumbai has the second largest number of Art Deco buildings in the world after Miami. In the newer suburbs, modern buildings dominate the landscape. Mumbai has by far the largest number of skyscrapers in India, with 956 existing buildings and 272 under construction as of 2009.
The Mumbai Heritage Conservation Committee (MHCC), established in 1995, formulates special regulations and by-laws to assist in the conservation of the city's heritage structures. Mumbai has two UNESCO World Heritage Sites, the Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus and the Elephanta Caves. In the south of Mumbai, there are colonial-era buildings and Soviet-style offices. In the east are factories and some slums. On the West coast are former-textile mills being demolished and skyscrapers built on top. There are 31 buildings taller than 100m, compared with 200 in Shanghai, 500 in Hong Kong and 500 in New York.
DEMOGRAPHICS
According to the 2011 census, the population of Mumbai was 12,479,608. The population density is estimated to be about 20,482 persons per square kilometre. The living space is 4.5sq metre per person. As Per 2011 census, Greater Mumbai, the area under the administration of the MCGM, has a literacy rate of 94.7%, higher than the national average of 86.7%. The number of slum-dwellers is estimated to be 9 million, up from 6 million in 2001, that is, 62% of all Mumbaikars live in informal slums.
The sex ratio was 838 (females per 1,000 males) in the island city, 857 in the suburbs, and 848 as a whole in Greater Mumbai, all numbers lower than the national average of 914 females per 1,000 males. The low sex ratio is partly because of the large number of male migrants who come to the city to work.
Residents of Mumbai call themselves Mumbaikar, Mumbaiite, Bombayite or Bombaiite. Mumbai has a large polyglot population like any other metropolitan city of India. Sixteen major languages of India are also spoken in Mumbai, most common being Marathi, Hindi, Gujarati and English. English is extensively spoken and is the principal language of the city's white collar workforce. A colloquial form of Hindi, known as Bambaiya – a blend of Marathi, Hindi, Gujarati, Konkani, Urdu, Indian English and some invented words – is spoken on the streets.
Mumbai suffers from the same major urbanisation problems seen in many fast growing cities in developing countries: widespread poverty and unemployment, poor public health and poor civic and educational standards for a large section of the population. With available land at a premium, Mumbai residents often reside in cramped, relatively expensive housing, usually far from workplaces, and therefore requiring long commutes on crowded mass transit, or clogged roadways. Many of them live in close proximity to bus or train stations although suburban residents spend significant time travelling southward to the main commercial district. Dharavi, Asia's second largest slum (if Karachi's Orangi Town is counted as a single slum) is located in central Mumbai and houses between 800,000 and one million people in 2.39 square kilometres, making it one of the most densely populated areas on Earth with a population density of at least 334,728 persons per square kilometre. With a literacy rate of 69%, the slums in Mumbai are the most literate in India.
The number of migrants to Mumbai from outside Maharashtra during the 1991–2001 decade was 1.12 million, which amounted to 54.8% of the net addition to the population of Mumbai.
The number of households in Mumbai is forecast to rise from 4.2 million in 2008 to 6.6 million in 2020. The number of households with annual incomes of 2 million rupees will increase from 4% to 10% by 2020, amounting to 660,000 families. The number of households with incomes from 1–2 million rupees is also estimated to increase from 4% to 15% by 2020. According to Report of Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) 2016 Mumbai is the noisiest city in India before Lucknow , Hyderabad and Delhi.
ETHNIC GROUPS AND RELIGION
The religious groups represented in Mumbai include Hindus (67.39%), Muslims (18.56%), Buddhists (5.22%), Jains (3.99%), Christians (4.2%), Sikhs (0.58%), with Parsis and Jews making up the rest of the population. The linguistic/ethnic demographics are: Maharashtrians (42%), Gujaratis (19%), with the rest hailing from other parts of India.
Native Christians include East Indian Catholics, who were converted by the Portuguese during the 16th century, while Goan and Mangalorean Catholics also constitute a significant portion of the Christian community of the city. Jews settled in Bombay during the 18th century. The Bene Israeli Jewish community of Bombay, who migrated from the Konkan villages, south of Bombay, are believed to be the descendants of the Jews of Israel who were shipwrecked off the Konkan coast, probably in the year 175 BCE, during the reign of the Greek ruler, Antiochus IV Epiphanes. Mumbai is also home to the largest population of Parsi Zoroastrians in the world, numbering about 80,000. Parsis migrated to India from Pars (Persia/Iran) following the Muslim conquest of Persia in the seventh century. The oldest Muslim communities in Mumbai include the Dawoodi Bohras, Ismaili Khojas, and Konkani Muslims.
CULTURE
Mumbai's culture is a blend of traditional festivals, food, music, and theatres. The city offers a cosmopolitan and diverse lifestyle with a variety of food, entertainment, and night life, available in a form and abundance comparable to that in other world capitals. Mumbai's history as a major trading centre has led to a diverse range of cultures, religions, and cuisines coexisting in the city. This unique blend of cultures is due to the migration of people from all over India since the British period.
Mumbai is the birthplace of Indian cinema - Dadasaheb Phalke laid the foundations with silent movies followed by Marathi talkies - and the oldest film broadcast took place in the early 20th century. Mumbai also has a large number of cinema halls that feature Bollywood, Marathi and Hollywood movies. The Mumbai International Film Festival and the award ceremony of the Filmfare Awards, the oldest and prominent film awards given for Hindi film industry in India, are held in Mumbai. Despite most of the professional theatre groups that formed during the British Raj having disbanded by the 1950s, Mumbai has developed a thriving "theatre movement" tradition in Marathi, Hindi, English, and other regional languages.
Contemporary art is featured in both government-funded art spaces and private commercial galleries. The government-funded institutions include the Jehangir Art Gallery and the National Gallery of Modern Art. Built in 1833, the Asiatic Society of Bombay is one of the oldest public libraries in the city. The Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Vastu Sangrahalaya (formerly The Prince of Wales Museum) is a renowned museum in South Mumbai which houses rare ancient exhibits of Indian history.
Mumbai has a zoo named Jijamata Udyaan (formerly Victoria Gardens), which also harbours a garden. The rich literary traditions of the city have been highlighted internationally by Booker Prize winners Salman Rushdie, Aravind Adiga. Marathi literature has been modernised in the works of Mumbai-based authors such as Mohan Apte, Anant Kanekar, and Gangadhar Gadgil, and is promoted through an annual Sahitya Akademi Award, a literary honour bestowed by India's National Academy of Letters.
Mumbai residents celebrate both Western and Indian festivals. Diwali, Holi, Eid, Christmas, Navratri, Good Friday, Dussera, Moharram, Ganesh Chaturthi, Durga Puja and Maha Shivratri are some of the popular festivals in the city. The Kala Ghoda Arts Festival is an exhibition of a world of arts that encapsulates works of artists in the fields of music, dance, theatre, and films. A week-long annual fair known as Bandra Fair, starting on the following Sunday after 8 September, is celebrated by people of all faiths, to commemorate the Nativity of Mary, mother of Jesus, on 8 September.
The Banganga Festival is a two-day music festival, held annually in the month of January, which is organised by the Maharashtra Tourism Development Corporation (MTDC) at the historic Banganga Tank in Mumbai. The Elephanta Festival - celebrated every February on the Elephanta Islands - is dedicated to classical Indian dance and music and attracts performers from across the country. Public holidays specific to the city and the state include Maharashtra Day on 1 May, to celebrate the formation of Maharashtra state on 1 May 1960, and Gudi Padwa which is the New Year's Day for Marathi people.
Beaches are a major tourist attraction in the city. The major beaches in Mumbai are Girgaum Chowpatty, Juhu Beach, Dadar Chowpatty, Gorai Beach, Marve Beach, Versova Beach, Madh Beach, Aksa Beach, and Manori Beach. Most of the beaches are unfit for swimming, except Girgaum Chowpatty and Juhu Beach. Essel World is a theme park and amusement centre situated close to Gorai Beach, and includes Asia's largest theme water park, Water Kingdom. Adlabs Imagica opened in April 2013 is located near the city of Khopoli off the Mumbai-Pune Expressway.
WIKIPEDIA
Coburg Carnivale event at Victoria St Mall on Saturday 4 October 2014. Featured Polyglot Theatre giant ants, a triplet of musical cows, Westside circus, two dancing zebras, the Positive Charge polar bear, balloon sculptor, and various acrobats and entertainers.
We were told by experienced travellers, that the local cuisine would be kind of "cucina povera". Well, it may have its roots there, but we were surprised, how tasteful dishes and interesting recipes we found. The Osteria Scvnazz is a nice place, with polyglot waiters, but no written menu. What is fresh on the (fish) market in the morning will be offered here in the evening.
Riso, Patate e Cozze / Risotto, potatoes and mussels
Corbel of the German Abbey of Saint Martin in Bonn, beginning of the 13th century.
Far from appearing as an ignorant fool, the demon is here attributed great knowledge among which is the command of languages, in a copy of the Holy Spirit’s talents as a polyglot.
He is also capable of imparting knowledge to man, in exchange, of course, for his soul. Authors, such as Bartholomew of England in the 13th century, have theorised about the devil’s learning, attributing this knowledge to his perspicacity, experience gained from a long life and understanding of the Scriptures. A wisdom which, in any case, is used to do evil. This reminds us of the devil, Apolo el Musageta, to whom Elinando de Froidmont, in his work, The Flowers, attributes the powers of sacking and falsifying all the truths of the Scriptures. Besides, in his learning, they try to bring back the pagan culture, as a vehicle promoting paganism against the Christian religion. Various occurrences of apparitions of the devil to monks on retreat, cite the Evil One as being disguised as the classical God or with books going back to those religions. Whatever the case, this faculty has been exorcised by the Holy Fathers who dismiss the wisdom of the devil as fallacy and illusion and, in any case, convert him into a vain person rather than a wise person.
El demonio ilustrado
Ménsula de la abadía alemana de San Martín en Bonn, principios del s. XIII.
Al demonio lejos de aparecer como un tonto inculto se le atribuyen grandes conocimientos entre los que están el dominio de las lenguas en una copia de la facultad políglota del Espíritu Santo.
También es capaz de dar conocimiento al hombre, siempre a cambio de su alma. Autores como Bartolomé el Inglés en el s. XIII han teorizado sobre la ciencia del demonio, atribuyen este conocimiento a su perspicacia y a la experiencia de la larga vida y comprensión de las Escrituras. Sabiduría que en cualquier caso es utilizada para hacer el mal. Recordemos aquí al diablo Apolo el Musageta, a quien Elinando de Froidmont, en su obra: Las Flores, atribuía el poder de saquear y falsear todas las verdades de la Escritura . Además en su ciencia, tratan de rescatar la cultura pagana, como vehículo de promoción del paganismo frente a la religión cristiana. Varias experiencias de apariciones del diablo a monjes en su retiro, citan al Maligno disfrazado de dios clásico o con libros que remiten a estas religiones. En cualquier caso esta facultad ha sido exorcizada por los Santos Padres que califican la sabiduría del demonio de falacia e ilusión y que en cualquier caso, le convierte en vanidoso más que en sabio .
The Plantin-Moretus Museum (Dutch: Plantin-Moretusmuseum) is a printing museum in Antwerp, Belgium which focuses on the work of the 16th-century printers Christophe Plantin and Jan Moretus. It is located in their former residence and printing establishment, the Plantin Press, at the Vrijdagmarkt (Friday Market) in Antwerp, and has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2005.
The printing company was founded in the 16th century by Christophe Plantin, who obtained type from the leading typefounders of the day in Paris. Plantin was a major figure in contemporary printing with interests in humanism; his eight-volume, multi-language Plantin Polyglot Bible with Hebrew, Aramaic, Greek and Syriac texts was one of the most complex productions of the period. Plantin's is now suspected of being at least connected to members of heretical groups known as the Familists, and this may have led him to spend time in exile in his native France.
View of the courtyard of the museum
After Plantin's death it was owned by his son-in-law Jan Moretus. While most printing concerns disposed of their collections of older type in the eighteenth and nineteenth century in response to changing tastes, the Plantin-Moretus company "piously preserved the collection of its founder."
Four women ran the family-owned Plantin-Moretus printing house (Plantin Press) over the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries: Martina Plantin, Anna Goos, Anna Maria de Neuf and Maria Theresia Borrekens.
In 1876 Edward Moretus sold the company to the city of Antwerp. One year later the public could visit the living areas and the printing presses. The collection has been used extensively for research, by historians H. D. L. Vervliet, Mike Parker and Harry Carter. Carter's son Matthew would later describe this research as helping to demonstrate "that the finest collection of printing types made in typography's golden age was in perfect condition (some muddle aside) [along with] Plantin's accounts and inventories which names the cutters of his types."
In 2002 the museum was nominated as UNESCO World Heritage Site and in 2005 was inscribed onto the World Heritage list.
The Plantin-Moretus Museum possesses an exceptional collection of typographical material. Not only does it house the two oldest surviving printing presses in the world and complete sets of dies and matrices, it also has an extensive library, a richly decorated interior and the entire archives of the Plantin business, which were inscribed on UNESCO's Memory of the World Programme Register in 2001 in recognition of their historical significance.
Colloqvia et dictionariolvm septem lingvarvm, Belgicæ, Anglicæ, Teutonicæ, Latinæ, Italicæ, Hispanicæ, Gallicæ ... = Colloques ou dialogues auec vn dictionaire en sept languages, Flamen, Anglois, Alleman, Latin, Italien, Espaignol & Francois ... = Colloquien oft samenspreckingen met eenen vocabulaer in seuen spraken, Neerduntsch, Engelsch, Hoochduntsch, Latin, Italien, Spaens ende Fransois
Printed: Leodii (Liège) 1604
Printer:Apud Henricum Hovium, 1604
NLA RBRS ALS 115
The Plantin-Moretus Museum (Dutch: Plantin-Moretusmuseum) is a printing museum in Antwerp, Belgium which focuses on the work of the 16th-century printers Christophe Plantin and Jan Moretus. It is located in their former residence and printing establishment, the Plantin Press, at the Vrijdagmarkt (Friday Market) in Antwerp, and has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2005.
The printing company was founded in the 16th century by Christophe Plantin, who obtained type from the leading typefounders of the day in Paris. Plantin was a major figure in contemporary printing with interests in humanism; his eight-volume, multi-language Plantin Polyglot Bible with Hebrew, Aramaic, Greek and Syriac texts was one of the most complex productions of the period. Plantin's is now suspected of being at least connected to members of heretical groups known as the Familists, and this may have led him to spend time in exile in his native France.
View of the courtyard of the museum
After Plantin's death it was owned by his son-in-law Jan Moretus. While most printing concerns disposed of their collections of older type in the eighteenth and nineteenth century in response to changing tastes, the Plantin-Moretus company "piously preserved the collection of its founder."
Four women ran the family-owned Plantin-Moretus printing house (Plantin Press) over the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries: Martina Plantin, Anna Goos, Anna Maria de Neuf and Maria Theresia Borrekens.
In 1876 Edward Moretus sold the company to the city of Antwerp. One year later the public could visit the living areas and the printing presses. The collection has been used extensively for research, by historians H. D. L. Vervliet, Mike Parker and Harry Carter. Carter's son Matthew would later describe this research as helping to demonstrate "that the finest collection of printing types made in typography's golden age was in perfect condition (some muddle aside) [along with] Plantin's accounts and inventories which names the cutters of his types."
In 2002 the museum was nominated as UNESCO World Heritage Site and in 2005 was inscribed onto the World Heritage list.
The Plantin-Moretus Museum possesses an exceptional collection of typographical material. Not only does it house the two oldest surviving printing presses in the world and complete sets of dies and matrices, it also has an extensive library, a richly decorated interior and the entire archives of the Plantin business, which were inscribed on UNESCO's Memory of the World Programme Register in 2001 in recognition of their historical significance.
He was born at Great Snoring, Norfolk.
From Eton College he passed to Queens' College, Cambridge, and was elected a scholar of King's College, Cambridge in April 1632, and a fellow in 1634.[1] On taking orders in 1639 he was collated to the Salisbury prebend of Nether-Avon. In 1640 he was appointed chaplain to the lord-keeper Finch, by whom he was presented to the living of Thorington in Suffolk. In the Civil War he acted as chaplain to George Goring's forces in the west. In 1654 he was made weekly preacher at St Clement's, Eastcheap, in London.
With Peter Gunning he disputed against two Roman Catholics, John Spenser and John Lenthall, on the subject of schism, a one-sided account of which was printed in Paris by one of the Roman Catholic disputants, under the title Scisme Unmask't (1658).[2] Pearson also argued against the Puritan party, and was much interested in Brian Walton's polyglot Bible. In 1659 he published in London his celebrated Exposition of the Creed, dedicated to his parishioners of St Clement's, Eastcheap, to whom the substance of the work had been preached several years before.
Soon after the Restoration he was presented by Juxon, Bishop of London, to the rectory of St Christopher-le-Stocks; and in 1660 he was created doctor of divinity at Cambridge, appointed a royal chaplain, prebendary of Ely, archdeacon of Surrey, and Master of Jesus College, Cambridge. In 1661 he was appointed Lady Margaret's Professor of Divinity; and on the first day of the ensuing year he was nominated one of the commissioners for the review of the liturgy in the conference held at the Savoy. There he won the esteem of his opponents and high praise from Richard Baxter. On April 14, 1662 he was made Master of Trinity College, Cambridge. In 1667 he was admitted a fellow of the Royal Society.
Upon the death of John Wilkins in 1672, Pearson was appointed bishop of Chester. He died at Chester on 16 July 1686, and is buried in Chester Cathedral.
Coburg Carnivale event at Victoria St Mall on Saturday 4 October 2014. Featured Polyglot Theatre giant ants, a triplet of musical cows, Westside circus, two dancing zebras, the Positive Charge polar bear, balloon sculptor, and various acrobats and entertainers.
youtu.be/yKRbpIcOrFE Full feature.
Science Fiction. Starring Sonny Tufts, Victor Jory, Marie Windsor, William Phipps, Douglas Fowley, Carol Brewster, Susan Morrow, Suzanne Alexander, and Betty Arlen. Directed by Arthur Hilton.
Cat Women of the Moon tells the tale of a group of American space travellers who confront a hostile tribe of females on the border between the light and dark side of the moon. The expedition is led by Laird Grainger (Sonny Tufts), whose polyglot crew--including co-pilot Kip Reissner (Victor Jory) and navigator Helen Salinger (Marie Windsor)--land on the lunar surface, where they soon discover that there's an atmosphere and water and everything. After a few minutes of wandering, the travellers come upon a huge modernistic city, populated by leotard-clad "cat women". The ruler, Alpha (Carol Brewster), reveals that she has telepathically brought the earthlings to her city, using Salinger as her unsuspecting go-between. The cat women perform a kinky dance to the tune of "Stranger in Paradise," while the shifty copilot Reissner tries to steal the city's cache of gold. Alpha enslaves the visitors via mind control, leaving only cat-woman Lambda (Susan Morrow), who has fallen in love with crewman Douglas Smith (Bill Phipps), to save the day.