persistence photos on Flickr

Lore: Faroh is the oldest Toa known to the denizens of Strata Magna - although that is about all they know of him. Faroh roamed the lands of Strata Magna long before the first Toa team arrived - long before the Bohrok became corrupt and over took the island. Many believe him to be one of the "Ancients", one of the few original Toa still in existence. His persistence in living is owed largely to his control of dimensions, allowing him to flit between an infinite number of possible universes. As a result, he is sometimes tagged as the "Messenger of the Great Ones", owing to how, often, he appears before Turaga or Matoran to warn them of oncoming danger - much as he did to the Matoran of Ga-Strata before the first Bohrok corruption. Unlike other Toa, his mask is not powerless. This allows him to utilize the Kaukau's water breathing capabilities, which combined with his dark green armour, hints that he may have once been a Toa of Water - specifically, oceans. While his personality is largely unknown, when he has appeared he has been seen as serious, almost emotionless - many theorise he appears not to warn, but to simply ensure whatever plan he operates for goes ahead as planned. His sword is named Transient not for a lack of durability, but for the way in which it operates. When he does not require it, he "stows" it in a dimension of his own creation. When he does require its use, the blade is, much like himself, able to jump across dimensions - allowing for sneak attacks and the ability to simply pass through armour. The large pack on the Toa's back allows Faroh to store energy built up during his movement throughout dimensions, and release it from his body as an attack. Chaotically composed, Faroh is a Toa that few would dare speak to - let alone confront.

#persistence #perseverance #myresolution #paydaywillsurelycome #noquitting by Rev Yomi Olufiade

Persistence by Steve

Unwilling to let go.

Persistence by Csaba Molnar

7 3

San Diego - Colorful Clouds by Mark Whitt

8 4

Persistence finally paid off after months of watching and waiting for the right conditions.

This picture is for sell. Please contact me for prices. Shown here is the picture in a frame.

American Lady on Liatris by John Flannery

9 16

The American Painted Lady is one of my favorite butterflies. She's pretty and moves quickly. She's a challenge to capture but persistence pays off big time.

In the background you can see a bumble bee and a yellow butterfly probably a clouded sulfur.

This liatris is loaded with nectar. Like a purple flame it attracts butterflies as soon as it's buds begins to open. It is so rich in nectar that the butterflies stay put for a long enough time to grab a good shot.

Here also are some other shots from last year showing different flowers attracting butterflies.

Persistence by Trevor Gertridge

5 7

DSC_6800_Edit:

Found along a forest walking trail along a pond in Corner Brook, Newfoundland. Spotted and named by Sue.

Persistence by Patrick Campagnone

8 16

Please visit my site at www.pjcimages.com.

persistence by Trish

4 9

Persistence by both the model and the photographer pays off.

Persistence by Jeff Miller

Persistence by Jim

persistence #2 by Ron Donoghue

4 1

Persistence by Andy Watson

5 8

You put up a fence, we'll just cut a hole in it to get our shot. ;-)

Power in Persistence by Baldran

3 2

"The habit of #persistence is the habit of victory". by Recognize The Craft (RTC)

2 1

persistence of uncompleteness . . by jef Safi

6 11

__________________________________________________

Outlining a Theory of General Creativity . .

. . on a 'Pataphysical projectory

Entropy ≥ Memory ● Creativity ²

__________________________________________________

Study of the day:

[...] Il y a deux espèces de multiplicité : celle des objets matériels, qui forme un nombre immédiatement, et celle des faits de conscience, qui ne saurait prendre l'aspect d'un nombre sans l'intermédiaire de quelque représentation symbolique [...] Il faut admettre deux conceptions, l'une qualitative, l'autre quantitative, de la différence entre le même et l'autre. [...]

[...] There are two types of multiplicity : the one of material objects, which form a number immediately, and the one of consciousness facts, which does not take the appearance of a number without the intermediary of some symbolic representation [...] We must admit two approaches, one qualitative, an other one quantitative, of the difference between the same and the other.[...]

( Henri Bergson - Essai sur les données immédiates de la conscience - 1889 )

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rectO-persO | E ≥ m.C² | co~errAnce | TiLt

MATT PoV on Arduino by syvwlch

7 8

Persistence of Vision on the Arduino... slow synch on the flash.

THE EAGLE -Persistence by capital N

Persistance d'un rêve by Gerard Hermand

8 8

Persistence of a dream

[340/365] Persistence by C-Towner

7 10

December 6, 2010.

I really, really enjoy black and white snowscapes.

Steps: 66.

See my entire "365 Steps" project here!

Persistence by Kurt Evensen

4 1

Persistence by George Smyth

8 10

We take from nature, and although we may resist, the patience of nature always takes its own back. In this Bromoil image, a single pane of glass is fighting the inevitable, as the rest of the house has begun to accept its fate.

Persistence by Jeff Bowen

10 2

"Open up, I'm coming through."

Hosta plant in our front yard.

Persistence of Memory by Richard Gross

17 1

Persistence and consistency, I’m a work in progress but I’m getting better by Hiphopnerd photo

12 4

Off camera one canon 600ex-rt speedlite flash fired by a canon speedlite transmitter with a Gary Fong Lightsphere Collapsible off to the left with a second 600 ex-rt speedlite behind the model on the right side

Persistence by Don Brown

2 2

Remember those slick motivational poster from back in the early 2000s — with one word titles for a great image?

Like this?

i5.walmartimages.com/asr/57817e32-9947-446c-af22-bcfb87ab...

That’s what I thought of when I saw this tree. On the Wildflower Trail, Monte Sano Nature Preserve, Huntsville, Alabama.

Nikon D7200 — Nikon 18-300mm F6.3 ED VR

22mm

F22@0.8 seconds

ISO 400

Polarizer

DOL_6875.JPG

©Don Brown 2022

persistence by Heather Butler

3 1

Been working my ass off this... by Elisa Karhula

1 1

Been working my ass off this summer. Quit my day job at spring and have been trying to survive on my photography. I set a goal to become better at landscape photography since it was the area I most needed practice on. I've been on the beaches and bushes almost every day, trying to learn something new. I think I've reached my goal for now, but I've already set a new one for myself. On a creative job it's most important to constantly compete with yourself and aim higher. Only hard work and persistence will make you become better. #goals #persistence #photographer #karhi #lohtaja #kokkola #suomi #Finland #finland_bestsunset #sea

85 Likes on Instagram

2 Comments on Instagram:

sriz_babu: Good work , being creative is not an easy task-sometimes I feel like my head gonna explode 🙈🙈. You got very great captures, keep it up 👏👏👏✌️✌💥💥🍀👍👍

laizak: Thanks! I know exactly what you mean, I've been feeling like that the whole summer. So many ideas and so little time. 😱😄 @sriz_babu

Persistence Pays Off by Picsnapper1212

4 2

The squirrel strayed too far from the woods and the Red-shouldered Hawk saw his opportunity. The fur and feathers were flying!

Persistence by Lee Summerson the 1st

11 6

Annoying but Beautiful

The Persistence of Dream: Echo of a Body in Suspension / CHRISTELLE GEISER BY AEON VON ZARK. by AEON VON ZARK

19 1

The Persistence of Dream: Echo of a Body in Suspension

A light meanders over the languid body, sliding like an electric whisper, a wave caressing space without ever stopping. It skims the skin, brushes against it, marking it with a spectral shiver, as if the visible hesitated to settle, as if the moment refused to be captured.

The scene is bathed in a soft, almost liquid glow, where the body seems to float on the border between wakefulness and dream. A spectral gleam dances, twisting and shifting, an elusive presence oscillating between matter and ether. Is it an inner force seeking expression? A thought materializing in the mist of reality?

The figure’s gaze, gentle yet questioning, seems to embrace this shifting light like a silent dialogue. Perhaps it is a thread connecting them to another reality, a path toward immaterial escape. The flesh is not restrained, but it allows itself to be traversed by the intangible, by this luminous trace undulating like an untamed memory.

A work that speaks of dissolution and connection, of a fluid and uncertain presence, of a world slipping away between shadows and clarity. A wave of light trying to write an ephemeral truth upon the skin of silence.

persistence by michael

Coma of Persistence by evilibby

3 33

20.365 // Y3 // 18.03.2010

Showered and dressed before 7am. Preparation for a meeting 'til 7.45. Caught a train at 8.15. Arrived at university before the library opened. Waited for it to open, only to discover that all of the books I needed were on loan already.

Waited in my lecture room eating breakfast and reading lecture notes until 10am. One lecture on placenames. One essay returned. One dissertation 'group' meeting at 12pm. One presentation meeting at 2pm. One set of questions for the lovely Jenny. Three A4 pages of scribbled notes.

Caught a train home. Drunk three cups of tea. Slept until 6pm. Typed until my fingers were sore. Threw roses at my face. Went to Asda with Steve and Paul. Played a game of scrabble. Stared at my monitor without blinking. Went back to sleep at 1am.

---

I will have a draft of my dissertation finished by the deadline. I will.

persistence pays - Chivelstone Devon by jmc4 - Church Explorer

5 4

Church of St Sylvester, Chivelstone Devon is now the religious centre of this coastal parish known as Prawle point which is situated at the most southerly point in Devon and also incluldes the villages of South Allington, Ford, Lannacombe & East Prawle.

Mentioned as Cheveletone in the 1086 Domesday Survey, the Lord of the Manor was then Juhel de Totnes who was granted many manors in the south-west by William the Conqueror and who founded Totnes Priory in c.1087 but who , after the king's death , was expelled by his successor.

There was a chapelry here by the end of the 13c, attached to the parish of Stokenham held by Totnes Priory.

The church now consists of chancel, nave, north and south aisles, south porch, embattled three stage west tower with 5-sided stair turret on the south side , holding 5 bells, and is mainly Perpendicular in style.

The present building was constructed in the early 15c , though the chancel may be 14c, and enlarged with the rebuilding of the aisled nave, tower & porch in mid-16c.

It is the only one in Devon dedicated to Pope Sylvester who died in 325AD

Inside is a wonderful early 15c rood screen with painted saints www.flickr.com/gp/52219527@N00/5d01WbJ7P4 & a

later c1480 fine matching painted medieval pulpit hollowed out of the trunk of a large oak tree www.flickr.com/gp/52219527@N00/aCN1aNhKqJ

The registers date from 1630.

It was restored in 1897 but by the beginning of this century was badly in need of further extensive restoration.

The PCC also hoped to create a space that could be used more widely by the community as well as bringing in revenue to help make it more sustainable in the future - this in addition to providing better facilities for the loyal congregation.

Having been unsuccessful with previous grants the Church worked hard with the active support of Le Page Architects, to win a grant from the National Lottery Heritage Fund. The final interview for the grant on zoom released £400,000 during the 2020 lockdown, this supplemented with other fundraising for the match funding. There is an explanatory video that explains the project here: eastprawlehistorysociety.co.uk/church-repair-project

Work was done during 2021. www.youtube.com/watch?v=p0xs1N7-DnU

There have been interesting complications around structural and conservation repair, entailing 8m deep low impact piles to support the south porch, as well as repair to a reed reinforced plaster ceiling. Extensive repointing, upgrade of rainwater goods, other repairs to lead roof, and stonework repair to decayed windows has formed the majority of the external work.

Interior works are wide ranging, involving the installation of an accessible lavatory unusually with a shower. This is so that the Church may be used for overnight accommodation for walkers and tourists champing.co.uk. Grant of consent to allow for a shower was extremely hard won but eventually allowed. A bespoke hideaway kitchen offers simple catering for a variety of events.

Conservation work to the medieval pulpit was one of the highlights of the project and remains of late 17c / early 18c wall paintings have been found under layers of whitewash,

In the graveyard are numerous graves dating from 1712 , many to those who lost their lives in ships wrecked throughout the centuries,

In his book “Kingsbridge and its Surroundings” (1874) S P Fox wrote bout the wreck of the Gossamer:“A China tea clipper ship, of 735 tons register, was wrecked in December, 1868 and 13 lives were lost. There was a strong South-wrest breeze, and a heavy sea… The Captain was seen to lash his bride of just two weeks to a spar in the hope that she would stay afloat. For a time the two of them clung to the storm tossed bit of wood until the sea took them in its cold embrace…”

Picture with thanks - copyright Stuart Logan CCL www.geograph.org.uk/photo/3900071

persistence of window▲mirrored conatus . . by jef Safi

9 15

__________________________________________________

Outlining a Theory of General Creativity . .

. . on a 'Pataphysical projectory

Entropy ≥ Memory ● Creativity ²

__________________________________________________

Study of the day:

La durée est une hétérogénéité persistante,

un devenir qui dure, un changement continuel.

The duration is a persistant heterogeneity,

a becoming that remains, a continual changing.

( Henri Bergson - L'évolution créatrice )

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"Un fou, ce n'est pas seulement un mendiant qui se prend pour un Roi, c'est aussi un roi qui se prend pour Le Roi."

"A mad, this is not only a beggar who claims to be a King,

this is also a king who takes himself as The King."

( Jacques Lacan )

__________________________________________________

rectO-persO | E ≥ m.C² | co~errAnce | TiLt

Persistence by Henrik Hansen

Cologne Cathedral (Central Nave), Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany by Paul Fernandez

6 1

Details best viewed in Original Size.

Cologne Cathedral (officially Cathedral Church of Saint Peter) is a cathedral in Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia belonging to the Catholic Church. It is the seat of the Archbishop of Cologne (thus a cathedral) and of the administration of the Archdiocese of Cologne. It is a renowned monument of German Catholicism and Gothic architecture and was declared a World Heritage Site in 1996. It is Germany's most visited landmark, attracting an average of 20,000 people a day. At 515 feet (157m), the cathedral is the tallest twin-spired church in the world, the second tallest church in Europe after Ulm Minster, and the third tallest church of any kind in the world. It is the largest Gothic church in Northern Europe and has the second-tallest spires. The towers for its two huge spires give the cathedral the largest façade of any church in the world. The choir has the largest height-to-width ratio, 3.6:1, of any medieval church. Construction of Cologne Cathedral began in 1248 but was halted in the years around 1560 and left unfinished. Attempts to complete the construction began around 1814 but the project was not properly funded until the 1840s. The edifice was finally completed to its original Medieval plan in 1880. Cologne's medieval builders had planned a grand structure to house the reliquary of the Three Kings and fit for its role as a place of worship for the Holy Roman Emperor. Despite having been left incomplete during the medieval period, Cologne Cathedral eventually became unified as "a masterpiece of exceptional intrinsic value" and "a powerful testimony to the strength and persistence of Christian belief in medieval and modern Europe". Only the telecommunications tower is higher than the cathedral.

Additional information on Cologne Cathedral may be obtained at Wikipedia.

The Persistence of Memory - Salvador Dalí 1931 by ARTExplorer

2 1

Oil on canvas

9 1/2 x 13" (24.1 x 33 cm)

The Persistence of Memory - Salvador Dalí 1931

The Museum of Modern Art - MoMA

11 West 53 Street - New York, NY 10019-5497

www.moma.org

Persistence of otherness . . by jef Safi

8 11

1st titled : ARTefact LF1969RA in 295x150x80

_______________________________________________________________________

Outlining a Theory of General Creativity .. on a 'Pataphysical way

Entropy ≥ Memory . Creativity ²

Entropy ≥ Mimesis . Catharsis ²

Study of the day:

"L'imitation est la propagation d'un flux ; l'opposition, c'est la binarisation, la mise en binarité des flux ; l'invention, c'est une conjugaison ou une connexion de flux divers." (Gabriel Tarde)

(...) Selon Tarde, un flux est toujours croyance ou désir (les deux aspects de tout agencement). L'imitation, l'opposition, l'invention infinitésimales sont comme des quanta de flux, qui marquent une propagation, une binarisation ou une conjugaison de croyances et de désirs. (...)

La différence est moins entre le social et l'individuel, qu'entre le molaire des représentations et le moléculaire des croyances et des désirs. (...)"

(...) According to Tarde, a stream is always "belief" or "desire" (both aspects of any arrangement). The imitation, the opposition, the invention are like tiny flux quanta, which mark a spread, a binarization, or a combination of "beliefs" and "desires". (...)

The difference is less between the social and the individual, than between the molar representations and the molecular "beliefs" and "desires". (...)

(Gilles Deleuze, Félix Guattari - Mille Plateaux)

_______________________________________________________________________

my bigHuge Flickr DNA . . neither for forensic analysis nor any positive discrimination !

_______________________________________________________________________

[ F11 ] . . my complete random recto-perso collection . . [ F11 ]

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Vietnam - Saigon - City Market - Durian - 1d by Manfred Sommer

. . . the Durian is the queen of fruits

The durian (/ˈdjʊriən/) is the fruit of several tree species belonging to the genus Durio. The name 'durian' is derived from the Malay-Indonesian languages word for duri or "spike", a reference to the numerous spike protuberances of the fruit, together with the noun-building suffix -an. There are 30 recognised Durio species, at least nine of which produce edible fruit. Durio zibethinus is the only species available in the international market: other species are sold in their local regions.

Regarded by many people in southeast Asia as the "king of fruits", the durian is distinctive for its large size, strong odour, and formidable thorn-covered husk. The fruit can grow as large as 30 centimetres long and 15 centimetres in diameter, and it typically weighs one to three kilograms. Its shape ranges from oblong to round, the colour of its husk green to brown, and its flesh pale yellow to red, depending on the species.

The edible flesh emits a distinctive odour that is strong and penetrating even when the husk is intact. Some people regard the durian as having a pleasantly sweet fragrance; others find the aroma overpowering and revolting. The smell evokes reactions from deep appreciation to intense disgust, and has been described variously as rotten onions, turpentine, and raw sewage. The persistence of its odour has led to the fruit's banishment from certain hotels and public transportation in Southeast Asia.

The durian, native to Southeast Asia, has been known to the Western world for about 600 years. The nineteenth-century British naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace described its flesh as "a rich custard highly flavoured with almonds". The flesh can be consumed at various stages of ripeness, and it is used to flavour a wide variety of savoury and sweet edibles in Southeast Asian cuisines. The seeds can also be eaten when cooked.

There are hundreds of durian cultivars; many consumers express preferences for specific cultivars, which fetch higher prices in the market.

TAXONOMY

The genus Durio is placed by some taxonomists in the family Bombacaceae, or by others in a broadly defined Malvaceae that includes Bombacaceae, and by others in a smaller family of just seven genera Durionaceae.

DESCRIPTION

Durian trees are large, growing to 25–50 metres in height depending on the species. The leaves are evergreen, elliptic to oblong and 10–18 centimetres long. The flowers are produced in three to thirty clusters together on large branches and directly on the trunk with each flower having a calyx (sepals) and five (rarely four or six) petals. Durian trees have one or two flowering and fruiting periods per year, although the timing varies depending on the species, cultivars, and localities. A typical durian tree can bear fruit after four or five years. The durian fruit can hang from any branch and matures roughly three months after pollination. The fruit can grow up to 30 centimetres long and 15 centimetres (6 in) in diameter, and typically weighs one to three kilograms. Its shape ranges from oblong to round, the colour of its husk green to brown, and its flesh pale-yellow to red, depending on the species. Among the thirty known species of Durio, nine of them have been identified as producing edible fruits: D. zibethinus, D. dulcis, D. grandiflorus, D. graveolens, D. kutejensis, D. macrantha, D. oxleyanus, and D. testudinarum. There are many species for which the fruit has never been collected or properly examined, however, so other species with edible fruit may exist. The durian is somewhat similar in appearance to the jackfruit, an unrelated species.

The name durian comes from the Malay word duri (thorn) together with the suffix -an (for building a noun in Malay). D. zibethinus is the only species commercially cultivated on a large scale and available outside of its native region. Since this species is open-pollinated, it shows considerable diversity in fruit colour and odour, size of flesh and seed, and tree phenology. In the species name, zibethinus refers to the Indian civet, Viverra zibetha. There is disagreement regarding whether this name, bestowed by Linnaeus, refers to civets being so fond of the durian that the fruit was used as bait to entrap them, or to the durian smelling like the civet.

Durian flowers are large and feathery with copious nectar, and give off a heavy, sour, and buttery odour. These features are typical of flowers pollinated by certain species of bats that eat nectar and pollen. According to research conducted in Malaysia in the 1970s, durians were pollinated almost exclusively by cave fruit bats (Eonycteris spelaea); however, a 1996 study indicated two species, D. grandiflorus and D. oblongus, were pollinated by spiderhunters (Nectariniidae) and another species, D. kutejensis, was pollinated by giant honey bees and birds as well as bats.

CULTIVARS

Over the centuries, numerous durian cultivars, propagated by vegetative clones, have arisen in southeast Asia. They used to be grown with mixed results from seeds of trees bearing superior quality fruit, but now are propagated by layering, marcotting, or more commonly, by grafting, including bud, veneer, wedge, whip or U-grafting onto seedlings of randomly selected rootstocks. Different cultivars may be distinguished to some extent by variations in the fruit shape, such as the shape of the spines. Durian consumers express preferences for specific cultivars, which fetch higher prices in the market.

Most cultivars have a common name and a code number starting with "D". For example, some popular clones are Kop (D99 Thai: กบ – "frog" [kòp]), Chanee (D123, Thai: ชะนี – gibbon [tɕʰániː]), Berserah or Green Durian or Tuan Mek Hijau (D145 Thai: ทุเรียนเขียว – Green Durian [tʰúriːən kʰǐow]), Kan Yao (D158, Thai: ก้านยาว – Long Stem [kâːn jaːw]), Mon Thong (D159, Thai: หมอนทอง – Golden Pillow [mɔ̌ːn tʰɔːŋ]), Kradum Thong (Thai: กระดุมทอง – Golden Button [kràdum tʰɔːŋ]), and with no common name, D24 and D169. Each cultivar has a distinct taste and odour. More than 200 cultivars of D. zibethinus exist in Thailand.

Mon thong is the most commercially sought after for its thick, full-bodied creamy and mild sweet tasting flesh with relatively moderate smell emitted and smaller seeds, while Chanee is the best in terms of its resistance to infection by Phytophthora palmivora. Kan Yao is somewhat less common, but prized for its longer window of time when it is both sweet and odorless at the same time. Among all the cultivars in Thailand, five are currently in large-scale commercial cultivation: Chanee, Mon Thong, Kan Yao, Ruang, and Kradum. There are more than 100 registered cultivars since 1920's in Malaysia and up to 193 cultivar by 1992, and many superior cultivars have been identified through competitions held at the annual Malaysian Agriculture, Horticulture, and Agrotourism Show. In Vietnam, the same process has been achieved through competitions held by the Southern Fruit Research Institute. A recently popular variety is, Cat Mountain King or Musang King.

By 2007, Songpol Somsri, a Thai government scientist, had crossbred more than ninety varieties of durian to create Chantaburi No. 1, a cultivar without the characteristic odour. Another hybrid, Chantaburi No. 3, develops the odour about three days after the fruit is picked, which enables an odourless transport yet satisfies consumers who prefer the pungent odour. On 22 May 2012, two other cultivars from Thailand that also lack the usual odour, Long Laplae and Lin Laplae, were presented to the public by Yothin Samutkhiri, governor of Uttaradit province from where these cultivars were developed locally, while he announced the dates for the yearly durian fair of Laplae District, and the name giver to both cultivars.

Popular cultivars in Malaysia and Singapore (Singapore imports most of its durians from Malaysia hence the varieties are similar although there may be slight variation in the names) include "D24" which is a popular variety known for its bitter sweet taste; "XO" which has a pale color, thick flesh with a tinge of alcoholic fermentation; "Chook Kiok" (Cantonese meaning: bamboo leg) which has a distinctive yellowish core in the inner stem and "Musang King" ( Musang is the Malay word for civet cat) which is usually the priciest of all cultivars. Musang King has bright yellow flesh and is almost like a more potent or enhanced version of the D24. This particular variety should be consumed last since it tends to make other durians taste bland in comparison.

CULTIVATION AND AVAIBILITY

The durian is native to Brunei, Indonesia and Malaysia.[8] There is some debate as to whether the durian is native to the Philippines, particularly the Davao region in the island of Mindanao, or was introduced. The durian is grown in other areas with a similar climate; it is strictly tropical and stops growing when mean daily temperatures drop below 22 °C.

The centre of ecological diversity for durians is the island of Borneo, where the fruit of the edible species of Durio including D. zibethinus, D. dulcis, D. graveolens, D. kutejensis, D. oxleyanus and D. testudinarum is sold in local markets. In Brunei, D. zibethinus is not grown because consumers prefer other species such as D. graveolens, D. kutejensis and D. oxleyanus. These species are commonly distributed in Brunei, and together with other species like D. testudinarum and D. dulcis, represent rich genetic diversity.

Although the durian is not native to Thailand, the country is currently one of the major exporters of durians, growing 781,000 tonnes of the world's total harvest of 1,400,000 tonnes in 1999, 111,000 tonnes of which it exported to Taiwan, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Singapore and Canada. Malaysia and Indonesia follow, both producing about 265,000 tonnes each. Of this, Malaysia exported 35,000 tonnes in 1999. Chantaburi in Thailand each year holds the World Durian Festival in early May. This single province is responsible for half of the durian production of Thailand. In the Philippines, the centre of durian production is the Davao Region. The Kadayawan Festival is an annual celebration featuring the durian in Davao City. Other places where durian farms are located include Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, India, the West Indies, Florida, Hawaii, Papua New Guinea, the Polynesian Islands, Madagascar, southern China (Hainan Island), northern Australia, and Singapore.

Durian was introduced into Australia in the early 1960s and clonal material was first introduced in 1975. Over thirty clones of D. zibethinus and six Durio species have been subsequently introduced into Australia. China is the major importer, purchasing 65,000 tonnes in 1999, followed by Singapore with 40,000 tonnes and Taiwan with 5,000 tonnes. In the same year, the United States imported 2,000 tonnes, mostly frozen, and the European Community imported 500 tonnes.

The durian is a seasonal fruit, unlike some other non-seasonal tropical fruits such as the papaya, which are available throughout the year. In Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore, the season for durians is typically from June to August, which coincides with that of the mangosteen. Prices of durians are relatively high as compared with other fruits. For example, in Singapore, the strong demand for high quality cultivars such as the D24, Sultan, and Mao Shan Wang has resulted in typical retail prices of between S$8 to S$15 (US$5 to US$10) per kilogram of whole fruit. With an average weight of about 1.5 kilograms, a durian fruit would therefore cost about S$12 to S$22 (US$8 to US$15). The edible portion of the fruit, known as the aril and usually referred to as the "flesh" or "pulp", only accounts for about 15–30% of the mass of the entire fruit. Many consumers in Singapore are nevertheless quite willing to spend up to around S$75 (US$50) on a single purchase of about half a dozen of the favoured fruit to be shared by family members.

In-season durians can be found in mainstream Japanese supermarkets, while in the West they are sold mainly by Asian markets.

FLAVOUR AND ODOUR

The unusual flavour and odour of the fruit have prompted many people to express diverse and passionate views ranging from deep appreciation to intense disgust. Writing in 1856, the British naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace provided a much-quoted description of the flavour of the durian:

The five cells are silky-white within, and are filled with a mass of firm, cream-coloured pulp, containing about three seeds each. This pulp is the edible part, and its consistence and flavour are indescribable. A rich custard highly flavoured with almonds gives the best general idea of it, but there are occasional wafts of flavour that call to mind cream-cheese, onion-sauce, sherry-wine, and other incongruous dishes. Then there is a rich glutinous smoothness in the pulp which nothing else possesses, but which adds to its delicacy. It is neither acidic nor sweet nor juicy; yet it wants neither of these qualities, for it is in itself perfect. It produces no nausea or other bad effect, and the more you eat of it the less you feel inclined to stop. In fact, to eat Durians is a new sensation worth a voyage to the East to experience. ... as producing a food of the most exquisite flavour it is unsurpassed.

Wallace described himself as being at first reluctant to try it because of the aroma, "but in Borneo I found a ripe fruit on the ground, and, eating it out of doors, I at once became a confirmed Durian eater." He cited one traveller from 1599: "it is of such an excellent taste that it surpasses in flavour all other fruits of the world, according to those who have tasted it." He cites another writer: "To those not used to it, it seems at first to smell like rotten onions, but immediately after they have tasted it they prefer it to all other food. The natives give it honourable titles, exalt it, and make verses on it." Despite having tried many foods that are arguably more eccentric, Andrew Zimmern, host of Bizarre Foods, was unable to finish a durian upon sampling it, due to his intolerance of its strong taste.

While Wallace cautions that "the smell of the ripe fruit is certainly at first disagreeable", later descriptions by westerners are more graphic. Novelist Anthony Burgess writes that eating durian is "like eating sweet raspberry blancmange in the lavatory". Chef Andrew Zimmern compares the taste to "completely rotten, mushy onions". Anthony Bourdain, a lover of durian, relates his encounter with the fruit thus: "Its taste can only be described as...indescribable, something you will either love or despise. ...Your breath will smell as if you'd been French-kissing your dead grandmother." Likewise, fellow chef Jamie Oliver has also expressed admiration for the fruit on his first sampling. Travel and food writer Richard Sterling says:

... its odor is best described as pig-shit, turpentine and onions, garnished with a gym sock. It can be smelled from yards away. Despite its great local popularity, the raw fruit is forbidden from some establishments such as hotels, subways and airports, including public transportation in Southeast Asia.

Other comparisons have been made with the civet, sewage, stale vomit, skunk spray and used surgical swabs. The wide range of descriptions for the odour of durian may have a great deal to do with the variability of durian odour itself. Durians from different species or clones can have significantly different aromas; for example, red durian (D. dulcis) has a deep caramel flavour with a turpentine odour while red-fleshed durian (D. graveolens) emits a fragrance of roasted almonds. Among the varieties of D. zibethinus, Thai varieties are sweeter in flavour and less odorous than Malay ones. The degree of ripeness has an effect on the flavour as well. Three scientific analyses of the composition of durian aroma – from 1972, 1980, and 1995 – each found a mix of volatile compounds including esters, ketones, and different sulphur compounds, with no agreement on which may be primarily responsible for the distinctive odour. People in South East Asia with frequent exposures to durian are able to easily distinguish its sweet-like ketones and esters scent from rotten or putrescine odours which are from volatile amines and fatty acids. Developmental or genetic differences in olfactory perception and mapping within the brain ( for e.g. anterior piriform cortex to the orbitofrontal cortex) could possibly explain why some individuals are unable to differentiate these smells and find this fruit noxious.

This strong odour can be detected half a mile away by animals, thus luring them. In addition, the fruit is extremely appetising to a variety of animals, including squirrels, mouse deer, pigs, orangutan, elephants, and even carnivorous tigers. While some of these animals eat the fruit and dispose of the seed under the parent plant, others swallow the seed with the fruit and then transport it some distance before excreting, with the seed being dispersed as a result. The thorny, armoured covering of the fruit discourages smaller animals; larger animals are more likely to transport the seeds far from the parent tree.

RIPENESS AND SELECTION

According to Larousse Gastronomique, the durian fruit is ready to eat when its husk begins to crack. However, the ideal stage of ripeness to be enjoyed varies from region to region in Southeast Asia and by species. Some species grow so tall that they can only be collected once they have fallen to the ground, whereas most cultivars of D. zibethinus are nearly always cut from the tree and allowed to ripen while waiting to be sold. Some people in southern Thailand prefer their durians relatively young when the clusters of fruit within the shell are still crisp in texture and mild in flavour. For some people in northern Thailand, the preference is for the fruit to be soft and aromatic. In Malaysia and Singapore, most consumers prefer the fruit to be as ripe and pungent in aroma as possible and may even risk allowing the fruit to continue ripening after its husk has already cracked open. In this state, the flesh becomes richly creamy, slightly alcoholic, the aroma pronounced and the flavour highly complex.

The various preferences regarding ripeness among consumers make it hard to issue general statements about choosing a "good" durian. A durian that falls off the tree continues to ripen for two to four days, but after five or six days most would consider it overripe and unpalatable. The usual advice for a durian consumer choosing a whole fruit in the market is to examine the quality of the stem or stalk which loses moisture as it ages: a big, solid stem is a sign of freshness. Reportedly, unscrupulous merchants wrap, paint, or remove the stalks altogether. Due to the popularity of Kan Yao, street vendors may sometimes sell a lesser variety with a long stem to unsuspecting customers. Another frequent piece of advice is to shake the fruit and listen for the sound of the seeds moving within, indicating the durian is very ripe and the pulp has dried out a bit.

HISTORY

The durian has been known and consumed in Southeast Asia since prehistoric times, but has only been known to the western world for about 600 years. The earliest native reference to durian is the several bas relief panels of 9th-century Borobudur depicting durian as one of fruit offering for Javanese king, and also as one of the fruits sold in marketplace.

The earliest known European reference to the durian is the record of Niccolò Da Conti, who travelled to southeastern Asia in the 15th century. Translated from the Latin in which Poggio Bracciolini recorded Da Conti's travels: "They (people of Sumatra) have a green fruit which they call durian, as big as a watermelon. Inside there are five things like elongated oranges, and resembling thick butter, with a combination of flavours." The Portuguese physician Garcia de Orta described durians in Colóquios dos simples e drogas da India published in 1563. In 1741, Herbarium Amboinense by the German botanist Georg Eberhard Rumphius was published, providing the most detailed and accurate account of durians for over a century. The genus Durio has a complex taxonomy that has seen the subtraction and addition of many species since it was created by Rumphius. During the early stages of its taxonomical study, there was some confusion between durian and the soursop (Annona muricata), for both of these species had thorny green fruit. It is also interesting to note the Malay name for the soursop is durian Belanda, meaning Dutch durian. In the 18th century, Johann Anton Weinmann considered the durian to belong to Castaneae as its fruit was similar to the horse chestnut.

D. zibethinus was introduced into Ceylon by the Portuguese in the 16th century and was reintroduced many times later. It has been planted in the Americas but confined to botanical gardens. The first seedlings were sent from the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, to Auguste Saint-Arroman of Dominica in 1884.

In southeastern Asia, the durian has been cultivated for centuries at the village level, probably since the late 18th century, and commercially since the mid-20th century. In My Tropic Isle, Australian author and naturalist Edmund James Banfield tells how, in the early 20th century, a friend in Singapore sent him a durian seed, which he planted and cared for on his tropical island off the north coast of Queensland.

In 1949, the British botanist E. J. H. Corner published The Durian Theory, or the Origin of the Modern Tree. His theory was that endozoochory (the enticement of animals to transport seeds in their stomach) arose before any other method of seed dispersal, and that primitive ancestors of Durio species were the earliest practitioners of that dispersal method, in particular red durian (D. dulcis) exemplifying the primitive fruit of flowering plants.

Since the early 1990s, the domestic and international demand for durian in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) region has increased significantly, partly due to the increasing affluence of Asia.

USES

CULINARY

Durian fruit is used to flavour a wide variety of sweet edibles such as traditional Malay candy, ice kacang, dodol, lempuk, rose biscuits, and, with a touch of modern innovation, ice cream, milkshakes, mooncakes, Yule logs, and cappuccino. Es durian (durian ice cream) is a popular dessert in Indonesia, sold at street side stall in Indonesian cities, especially in Java. Pulut Durian or ketan durian is glutinous rice steamed with coconut milk and served with ripened durian. In Sabah, red durian is fried with onions and chilli and served as a side dish. Red-fleshed durian is traditionally added to sayur, an Indonesian soup made from freshwater fish. Ikan brengkes is fish cooked in a durian-based sauce, traditional in Sumatra. Traditionally Bollen pastry, specialty of Bandung is filled with banana and cheese. Today Bollen durian is also available, it is pastry filled with durian. Dried durian flesh can be made into kripik durian (durian chips).

Tempoyak refers to fermented durian, usually made from lower quality durian that is unsuitable for direct consumption. Tempoyak can be eaten either cooked or uncooked, is normally eaten with rice, and can also be used for making curry. Sambal Tempoyak is a Sumatran dish made from the fermented durian fruit, coconut milk, and a collection of spicy ingredients known as sambal.

In Thailand, durian is often eaten fresh with sweet sticky rice, and blocks of durian paste are sold in the markets, though much of the paste is adulterated with pumpkin. Unripe durians may be cooked as a vegetable, except in the Philippines, where all uses are sweet rather than savoury. Malaysians make both sugared and salted preserves from durian. When durian is minced with salt, onions and vinegar, it is called boder. The durian seeds, which are the size of chestnuts, can be eaten whether they are boiled, roasted or fried in coconut oil, with a texture that is similar to taro or yam, but stickier. In Java, the seeds are sliced thin and cooked with sugar as a confection. Uncooked durian seeds are toxic due to cyclopropene fatty acids and should not be ingested.

Young leaves and shoots of the durian are occasionally cooked as greens. Sometimes the ash of the burned rind is added to special cakes. The petals of durian flowers are eaten in the North Sumatra province of Indonesia, while in the Moluccas islands the husk of the durian fruit is used as fuel to smoke fish. The nectar and pollen of the durian flower that honeybees collect is an important honey source, but the characteristics of the honey are unknown.

NUTRITIONS AND FOLK MEDICINE

Durian fruit contains a high amount of sugar, vitamin C, potassium, and the serotonergic amino acid tryptophan, and is a good source of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. It is recommended as a good source of raw fats by several raw food advocates, while others classify it as a high-glycemic food, recommending to minimise its consumption.

In Malaysia, a decoction of the leaves and roots used to be prescribed as an antipyretic. The leaf juice is applied on the head of a fever patient. The most complete description of the medicinal use of the durian as remedies for fevers is a Malay prescription, collected by Burkill and Haniff in 1930. It instructs the reader to boil the roots of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis with the roots of Durio zibethinus, Nephelium longan, Nephelium mutabile and Artocarpus integrifolia, and drink the decoction or use it as a poultice.

In the 1920s, Durian Fruit Products, Inc., of New York City launched a product called "Dur-India" as a health food supplement, selling at US$9 for a dozen bottles, each containing 63 tablets. The tablets allegedly contained durian and a species of the genus Allium from India and vitamin E. The company promoted the supplement saying that it provides "more concentrated healthful energy in food form than any other product the world affords".

CUSTOMS AND BELIEFS

Southeast Asian traditional beliefs, as well as traditional Chinese medicine, consider the durian fruit to have warming properties liable to cause excessive sweating. The traditional method to counteract this is to pour water into the empty shell of the fruit after the pulp has been consumed and drink it. An alternative method is to eat the durian in accompaniment with mangosteen, which is considered to have cooling properties. Pregnant women or people with high blood pressure are traditionally advised not to consume durian.

Another common local belief is that the durian is harmful when eaten with coffee or alcoholic beverages. The latter belief can be traced back at least to the 18th century when Rumphius stated that one should not drink alcohol after eating durians as it will cause indigestion and bad breath. In 1929, J. D. Gimlette wrote in his Malay Poisons and Charm Cures that the durian fruit must not be eaten with brandy. In 1981, J. R. Croft wrote in his Bombacaceae: In Handbooks of the Flora of Papua New Guinea that "a feeling of morbidity" often follows the consumption of alcohol too soon after eating durian. Several medical investigations on the validity of this belief have been conducted with varying conclusions, though a study by the University of Tsukuba finds the fruit's high sulphur content inhibits the activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase, causing a 70% reduction of the ability to clear toxins from the body.

The Javanese believe durian to have aphrodisiac qualities, and impose a set of rules on what may or may not be consumed with it or shortly thereafter. A saying in Indonesian, durian jatuh sarung naik, meaning "the durian falls and the sarong comes up", refers to this belief. The warnings against the supposed lecherous quality of this fruit soon spread to the West – the Swedenborgian philosopher Herman Vetterling commented on so-called "erotic properties" of the durian in the early 20th century.

A durian falling on a person's head can cause serious injuries because it is heavy, armed with sharp thorns, and can fall from a significant height. Wearing a hardhat is recommended when collecting the fruit. Alfred Russel Wallace writes that death rarely ensues from it, because the copious effusion of blood prevents the inflammation which might otherwise take place. A common saying is that a durian has eyes and can see where it is falling because the fruit allegedly never falls during daylight hours when people may be hurt. A saying in Indonesian, ketiban durian runtuh, which translates to "getting a durian avalanche", is the equivalent of the English phrase "windfall gain". Nevertheless, signs warning people not to linger under durian trees are found in Indonesia. Strong nylon or woven rope nettings are often strung between durian trees in orchards, serving a threefold purpose: the nets aid in the collection of the mature fruits, deter ground-level scavengers, and most importantly, prevent the durians from falling onto people.

A naturally spineless variety of durian growing wild in Davao, Philippines, was discovered in the 1960s; fruits borne from these seeds also lacked spines. Since the bases of the scales develop into spines as the fruit matures, sometimes spineless durians are produced artificially by scraping scales off immature fruits. In Malaysia, a spinesless durian clone D172 is registered by Agriculture Department on 17 June 1989. It was called "Durian Botak" (Bald Durian). In Indonesia, Ir Sumeru Ashari, head of Durian Research Centre, Universitas Brawijaya reported spineless durian from Kasembon, Malang. Another cultivar is from Lombok, Nusa Tenggara Barat, Indonesia.

Animals such as Sumatran elephants are known to consume durians. Curiously, the carnivorous Sumatran tiger is also known to consume durian occasionally. The strong odour of the fallen fruits in the jungle probably attracts the tiger to inspect the fruit and lick it.

CULTURAL INFLUENCE

The durian is commonly known as the "King of the Fruits", a label that can be attributed to its formidable look and overpowering odour. In its native southeastern Asia, the durian is an everyday food and portrayed in the local media in accordance with the cultural perception it has in the region. The durian symbolised the subjective nature of ugliness and beauty in Hong Kong director Fruit Chan's 2000 film Durian Durian (榴槤飄飄, lau lin piu piu), and was a nickname for the reckless but lovable protagonist of the eponymous Singaporean TV comedy Durian King played by Adrian Pang. Likewise, the oddly shaped Esplanade building in Singapore is often called "The Durian" by locals, and "The Big Durian" is the nickname of Jakarta, Indonesia.

One of the names Thailand contributed to the list of storm names for Western North Pacific tropical cyclones was 'Durian', which was retired after the second storm of this name in 2006. Being a fruit much loved by a variety of wild beasts, the durian sometimes signifies the long-forgotten animalistic aspect of humans, as in the legend of Orang Mawas, the Malaysian version of Bigfoot, and Orang Pendek, its Sumatran version, both of which have been claimed to feast on durians.

Frozen whole durians are shipped from Thailand to Asian markets and Chinatowns in Western countries.

WIKIPEDIA

FILE PAI 2011 | Metrô Trianon-Masp by lu_anda

FILE PAI

Paulista Avenida Interativa

Paulista Interactive Avenue

ESPAÇO FIESP

Lawrence Malstaf - Shrink 01995 - Bélgica Belgium

Christoph Haag, Martin Rumori, Franziska Windisch & Ludwig Zeller - Open Circuit - Alemanha | Germany

Alessandro Ludovico & Paolo Cirio - Face to Facebook - Reino Unido | United Kingdom

Coletivo COLETORES: Toni William, Flávio Camargo, Daniela Cordeiro & Karina Marques - Máquina/Brinquedo - Brasil | Brazil

Eduardo Omine - Fragments In Curved Air - Brasil | Brazil

Elie Zananiri, Hugues Bruyère & Mathieu Léger - Peptone - Canadá | Canada

Esther Hunziker - DUMP - Suíça | Switzerland

Julian Jaramillo Arango - The Happy Cube - Brasil | Brazil

Lauren McCarthy - Conversacube - Estados Unidos | United States

NaJa & deOstos (Project Team: Ricardo de Ostos, Nannette Jackowski, Manuel Jimenez, Thomas Sicouri) - Ectoplasmatic Housing - Reino Unido | United Kingdom

PirarucuDuo: Fernando Visockis & Thiago Parizi - Acusmograma - Brasil | Brazil

Rafaël Rozendaal - Towards and Beyond.com - Holanda | Netherlands

Ricardo Iglesias García - Surveillance Cameras: they are alive! - Espanha | Spain

Tamás Waliczky - Marionettes - Hungria | Hungary

Yoshi Akai - Heart 'n' Beat (Biorhythm Synthesizer) - Japão | Japan

FNAC

Arnt Jensen - LIMBO - Dinamarca | Denmark

Gaijin Games - BIT TRIP BEAT - Estados Unidos | United States

Mediatronic - Monsters Probably Stole My Princess - Reino Unido | United Kingdom

METRÔ TRIANON-MASP

Rafaël Rozendaal - Carnal Fury.com - Holanda | Netherlands

Rafaël Rozendaal - Hot Doom.com - Holanda | Netherlands

Rafaël Rozendaal - Hybrid Moment.com - Holanda | Netherlands

Rafaël Rozendaal - Jello time.com - Holanda | Netherlands

Rafaël Rozendaal - The Persistence of Sadness.com - Holanda | Netherlands

MASP

Rejane Cantoni & Leonardo Crescenti - Solo - Brasil | Brazil

LIVRARIA CULTURA

Arnt Jensen - Limbo - Dinamarca | Denmark

Daniela Arrais & Luiza Voll - Invente um sorriso - Brasil | Brazil

Ricardo Barreto, Maria Hsu & AMUDI - feelMe - Brasil | Brazil

That Game Company: Jenova Chen - flOw - Estados Unidos | United States

CINE LIVRARIA CULTURA

Matthias Hoegg - August - Inglaterra | England

Andrew Ruhemann & Shaun Tan - The Lost Thing - Austrália / Australia

Animatório - Neomorphus - Brasil | Brazil

Bertrand Bey & Pierre Ducos - La Détente - França | France

Birdo Studio: Luciana Eguti, Paulo Muppet & Amir Admoni - Monkey Joy - Brasil | Brazil

Coala Filmes: Cesar Cabral - Tempestade - Brasil | Brazil

Fábio Yamaji - O Divino, de repente - Brasil | Brazil

Max Loubaresse, Marc Bouyer & Anthony Vivien - Salesman Pete - França | France

INSTITUTO CERVANTES

*Instalações | Installations:

Andreas muk Haider - skia - Áustria | Austria

Tim Coe - A Perfect Face - Áustria | Austria

*Anima+:

8-Bits Team: Valere Amirault, Jean Delaunay, Sarah Laufer & Benjamin Mattern - 8-Bits - França | France

Alan Becker - Animator Vs Animation - Estados Unidos | United States

Alessandro Novelli - The Alphabet - Itália | Italy

Alexander Gellner - 1 Minute Puberty - Alemanha | Germany

Andrew Huang - The Gloaming - Estados Unidos | United States

Ben Thomas & Leo Bridle - Train of Thought - Inglaterra | England

Birdo Studio: Luciana Eguti & Paulo Muppet - Bonequinha do Papai - Brasil | Brazil

Birdo Studio: Luciana Eguti & Paulo Muppet - Caixa - Brasil | Brazil

Birdo Studio: Luciana Eguti, Paulo Muppet & Allan Sieber - Animadores - Brasil | Brazil

Birdo Studio: Luciana Eguti, Paulo Muppet & Jimmy Leroy - Pequeno Cidadão - Brasil | Brazil

Brendan Angelides & Cyriak Harris - Eskmo - Estados Unidos | United States

Christopher Alender - Eye of The Storm - Estados Unidos | United States

Coala Filmes: Cesar Cabral - Dossiê Rê Bordosa - Brasil | Brazil

Dante Zaballa & Matias Vigliano - The Head - Argentina | Argentina

David O’Reilly - Please Say Something - Irlanda e Alemanha | Ireland and Germany

David O’Reilly - The External World - Irlanda e Alemanha | Ireland and Germany

David Wilson - Japanese Popstars “Let Go” - Inglaterra | England

Dominik Käser, Martin-Sebastian Senn, Mario Deuss, Niloy J. Mitra & Mark Pauly - Silhouettes of Jazz - Estados Unidos | United States

Esteban Diácono - Ólafur Arnalds - Ljósið - Argentina | Argentina

Fábio Yamagi & Denis Kamioka ‘Cisma’ - Photocopy Romance - Brasil | Brazil

Fernando Sanches - Xixi no Banho - Brasil | Brazil

Gabrielle Lissot, Pierre Lippens, Laurent Jaffier & Nicolas Deprez - Tous Des Monstres (All Monsters) - França | France

Guilherme Marcondes - Tyger - Brasil | Brazil

Guillermo Madoz - Head Honcho - Argentina | Argentina

Hi-Sim - Jump - Inglaterra | England

Home de Caramel - Alone Together - Espanha | Spain

Jasmin Lai - Brave - Estados Unidos e Tailândia | United States and Thailand

Jason Wishnow - Oedipus - Inglaterra | England

Jean-Paul Frenay - Artificial Paradise, Inc - Bélgica e França | Belgium and France

Joanna Lurie - Tree’s Migration - França | France

Joaquin Baldwin - Sebastian's Voodoo - Estados Unidos | United States

Joaquin Baldwin - The Windmill Farmer - Estados Unidos | United States

Ken Turner - TIM - Canadá | Canada

Lee Tao - Seedling - Canadá / Canada

Lemeh42 - Wool & Water - Itália / Italy

Leszek Plichta - Dreammaker - Polônia e Alemanha | Polland and Germany

Malcolm Sutherland - Bout - Canadá | Canada

Malcolm Sutherland - Umbra - Canadá | Canada

Marc Silver - There Are No Others - Inglaterra | England

Marlies van der wel - Protest Flatness - Holanda | Netherlands

Martin Piana - LUMI - Argentina | Argentina

Martin Woutisseth - Stanley Kubrick, a filmography - França | France

Matatoro Team: Mauro Carraro, Raphaël Calamote & Jérémy Pasquet - Matatoro - França | France

Matthias Hoegg - August - Inglaterra | England

Matthias Hoegg - Thrusday - Inglaterra | England

Max Hattler - SPIN - Inglaterra | England

Meindbender Animation Studio - The Pirate - Suécia | Sweden

Michael Paul Young - The Interpretation - Estados Unidos | United States

Michal Socha - Chick - Polônia | Polland

Michal Socha - Koncert - Polônia | Polland

Mr McFly - Baseball - França | France

MUSCLEBEAVER: Tobias Knipf & Andreas Kronbeck - How your money works - Alemanha | Germany

Napatsawan Chirayukool - What makes your day? - Tailândia e Inglaterra | Thailand and England

Pahnl - Nowhere near here - Inglaterra | England

Peppermelon TV - Advanced Beauty - Inglaterra e Estados Unidos | England and Unites States

Peppermelon TV - First - Inglaterra e Estados Unidos | England and Unites States

Peppermelon TV - Target - Friends with you - Inglaterra e Estados Unidos | England and Unites States

Robert Seidel - Vellum - Alemanha | Germany

Rogier van der Zwaag Nobody Beats The Drum - Grindin - Holanda | Netherlands

Ross Phillips - 5 Second Projects ( Ballons) - Inglaterra | England

Ross Phillips - 5 Second Projects ( Reverse) - Inglaterra | England

Sasha Belyaev - The Rite of Youth - Letônia | Latvia

Scott Pagano - Pororoca - Estados Unidos | United States

Scott Pagano - Trust In The 'M' Machine - Estados Unidos | United States

Serene Teh - Parkour - Cingapura | Singapore

Stephen Irwin - Black Dog's Progress - Inglaterra | England

Stephen Irwin - Horse Glue - Inglaterra | England

Sylvain Marc - Cocotte Minute - França | France

Sylvain Marc - Fertilizer Soup - França | France

Tanya Aydostian - L'autre - França | France

Taylor Price - Hunt - Canadá e Estados Unidos | Canada and United States

Treat Studios - E4 - Inglaterra | England

Veronika Obertová - Viliam - Eslováquia | Slovakia

Wesley Rodrigues - Pinga com Saquê - Brasil | Brazil

Zach Cohen - The Chair Not Taken - Itália | Italy

Andrew Ruhemann & Shaun Tan - The Lost Thing - Austrália / Australia

Animatório - Neomorphus - Brasil | Brazil

Bertrand Bey & Pierre Ducos - La Détente - França | France

Birdo Studio: Luciana Eguti, Paulo Muppet & Amir Admoni - Monkey Joy - Brasil | Brazil

Coala Filmes: Cesar Cabral - Tempestade - Brasil | Brazil

Fábio Yamaji - O Divino, de repente - Brasil | Brazil

Max Loubaresse, Marc Bouyer & Anthony Vivien - Salesman Pete - França | France

*Game:

Colibri Games - The Tiny Bang Story - Rússia | Russia

*Maquinemas | Machinimas:

Tom Jantol - Brief Encounter - Croácia / Croatia

Tom Jantol - Dear Fairy - Croácia | Croatia

Tom Jantol - Duel - Croácia | Croatia

Tom Jantol- The Remake - Croácia | Croatia

Tom Jantol- Wizard of OS: the fish incident - Croácia | Croatia

METRÔ VILA MADALENA

Alex May & Rudolf Kremers - Eufloria - Reino Unido | United Kingdom

Alexander Bruce - Hazard: The Journey of Life - Austrália | Australia

Christoffer Hedborg - Toys - Suécia | Sweden

Paolo Pedercini / Molleindustria - "Every Day The Same Dream" - Estados Unidos e Itália | United States and Italy

Richard E Flanagan / Phosfiend Systems - FRACT - Canadá | Canada

METRÔ CONSOLAÇÃO

Soraya Braz e Fábio Fon - Via Invisível - Brasil | Brazil

METRÔ BRIGADEIRO

Soraya Braz e Fábio Fon - Via Invisível - Brasil | Brazil

CENTRO CULTURAL SÃO PAULO

*Workshop:

Claudia González & Christian Oyarzún - Open Source Generative Electronic Music Devices – Chile | Chile

Cristiano Rosa - DIY Together – Brasil | Brazil

Hye Yeon Nam & Carl DiSalvo - Huggable Nature, Community Workshop – Estados Unidos | United States

Ricardo Palmieri -VideoMapping e Realidade Expandida | VideoMapping and Expanded Reality – Brasil | Brazil

*Symposium:

19.07.2011

André Rangel - Portugal | Portugal

Metacriação e composição algorítmica: Reflexões sobre a distância entre o criador e o público | Meta-creation and algorithmic composition - Reflections on the distance from the creator to the audience

Ali Miharbi - Turquia | Turkey

Top-down X Bottom-up: Obras recentes | Top-down vs. Bottom-up: Recent Works

Eric Siu - Honk Kong e Japão | Hong Kong and Japan

Corpo dirigido pela mídia: Massagem de karaokê | Media Driven Body: Karaoke Massage

Ben Jack - Nova Zelândia | New Zealand

Cérebros, computadores e emergência: Mágica mental em um mundo digital | Brains, computers and emergence: Mental magic in a digital world

Kazushi Mukaiyama - Japão | Japan

IJIROS

Mesa Redonda | Round Table

Processos mistos de criação e gestão de práticas artísticas, tecnológicas e culturais: Uma aproximação aos Encontros AVLAB e outros modelos de gestão compartilhada e em constante trânsito físico/online | Mixed processes of creation and management of artistic, technological and cultural practices: An approach to the AVLAB Meetings and other shared and in constant physical/online transit management models

20.07.2011

Andreas muk Haider - Áustria | Austria

Skia

Hye Yeon Nam - Coréia e Estados Unidos | Korea and United States

Por favor, sorria | Please Smile

Julian Jaramillo Arango - Brasil | Brazil

O Cubo Feliz | The Happy Cube

Matt Roberts - Estados Unidos | United States

Quem está no controle? Criando arte com dados em tempo real e interação do usuário | Who is in control? Creating art using real-time data and user interaction

Ricardo Iglesias García - Espanha | Spain

Arte, robôs e câmeras de vigilância | Art, robots and surveillance cameras

Mesa Redonda | Round Table

Ana Carla Fonseca (Garimpo de Soluções) Brasil | Brazil; Expedito Araújo (Vivo EnCena) Brasil | Brazil; Laura Corrêa (ItsNoon) Brasil | Brazil; Piatã Stoklos Kignel (Banco Santander) Brasil | Brazil

Economia Criativa | Creative Economy

21.07.2011

Sergio Roclaw Basbaum - Brasil | Brazil

Percepção e experiência em ambientes digitais: tecnoestese e infocognição | Perception and experience in digital environments: tecnoaesthesis and infocognition

Eduardo Patrício - Brasil | Brazil

Desenvolvimento de Instrumentos Musicais Digitais como atividade composicional | Development of musical instruments as a compositional activity

Giuliano Obici - Brasil | Brazil

Lanhouse e seus devires | LAN houses and their devires

Claudia Paulina González Godoy - Chile | Chile

Arte, Hardware Aberto e Cultura DIY | Art, Open Hardware and DIY Culture

Douglas Easterly - Nova Zelândia e Estados Unidos | New Zealand and United States

Escapando ao solipsismo: Inteligência Artificial, design de jogos | Escaping Solipsism: Artificial Intelligence, Game Design

Victoria Messi - Argentina | Argentina

Anti Utopia: Arte Eletrônica na América Latina | Anti Utopia: Electronic Art in Latin America

Gabriela Previdello - Brasil | Brazil

Fluxo da informação na contemporaneidade: a memória reordenada nas estruturas do FILE Arquivo | Contemporary information flow: the reordered memory on FILE Archive structures

Mesa Redonda | Round Table

Eliane Weizmann (coordenação e mediação | coordination and mediation) Brasil | Brazil; Alessandro Ludovico (neural) Itália | Italy; Alexandre Matias (Editor do caderno de cultura digital do jornal O Estado de S. Paulo) Brasil | Brazil; Régine Debatty (we make money not art) Bélgica | Belgium; Victoria Messi (El Pez Eléctrico) Argentina | Argentina

Jornalismo Cultural | Cultural Journalism

22.07.2011

Fernando Macedo - Brasil | Brazil

"Música para fala e trinta minutos", por PirarucuDuo | "Music for speech and 30 minutes" by Pirarucu Duo

Eduardo Omine - Brasil | Brazil

Fragmentos em ar curvo | Fragments in curved air

Christian Oyarzún Roa - Chile | Chile

G: Representações e reformulações do global de uma perspectiva meridional | G: representations and reformulations of the global from a South view

Karla Schuch Brunet - Brasil | Brazil

Geografias do Mar # Ilhas | Geographies of the Sea # Islands

Rachel Zuanon Dias / Geraldo Lima - Brasil | Brazil

Desenhando biointerfaces usáveis para jogar: o BioBodyGame e o NeuroBodyGame | Geographies of the Sea # Islands

Mesa Redonda | Round Table

Franklin Lee (AA) (coordenação e mediação | coordination and mediation); Anne Save de Beaurecueil (SUBdV) >; Robert Smith Stuart (Kokkugia); Sandro Tubertini (BDSP); Thiago Mundim (AA)

Coreografando Arquitetura Computacional | Choreographing Computational Architecture

This image is taken from United States Naval Medical Bulletin Vol. 15, Nos. 1-4, 1921 by Medical Heritage Library, Inc.

Go to the Book with image in the Internet Archive

Title: United States Naval Medical Bulletin Vol. 15, Nos. 1-4, 1921

Creator: U.S. Navy. Bureau of Medicine and Surgery

Publisher:

Sponsor:

Contributor:

Date: 1921

Language: eng

Table of Contents

Number 1

PORTRAIT OF SURGEON GENERAL E. R. STITT, U. S. NAVY —Frontispiece

PREFACE vii

NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS vii

THE NAVAL HOSPITAL, MARE ISLAND, CALIF. :

HISTORY OF THE HOSPITAL.

By Captain A. Farenholt, Medical Corps, U. S. N 1

Operating room technique.

By Lieutenant Commander Lucius W. Johnson, Medical Corps, and Bessie C.

Graham, Nurse Corps, U. S. N 10

The urological service.

By Lieutenant Commander A. B. Hepler, Medical Corps, U. S. N__ 16

The roentgenological service.

By Lieutenant H. R. Coleman, Medical Corps, U. S. N 30

The laboratory.

By Lieutenant G. A. Gray, Medical Corps. U. S. N 34

Features of organization.

By Commander E. C. White, Medical Corps, U. S. N 40

General file and record system.

By Lieutenant D. C. Allen, Medical Corps, U. S. N 4T

Suggested clinical chart.

By Lieutenant Commander M. C. Baker, Medical Corps, U. S. N 49

The theater.

By Chief Pharmacist T. C. Hart, Medical Corps, U. S. N 50

Study of one hundred navy desertions.

By Lieutenant A H. Ehrenclou. Medical Corps, U. S. N., and

Lieutenant W. H. Wilson, Chaplain Corps, U. S. N. R. F 53

Surgical failures.

By Lieutenant Commander Lucius W. Johnson, Medical Corps,

U. S. N 69

Circumcision.

By Lieutenant Commander Lucius W. Johnson, Medical Corps, U. S. N 77

A glue cast for fractures of long bones.

By Lieutenant H. R. Coleman, Medical Corps, U. S. N . 79

Tuberculin in the early diagnosis of tuberculosis.

By Lieutenant G. A. Gray, Medical Corps, U. S. N 81

Diphtheria at Mare Island, Calif., in 1920.

By Lieutenant G. A. Gray, Medical Corps, U. S. N 84

Agglutination of human erythrocytes by sera.

By Lieutenant G. A. Gray, Medical Corps, U. S. N., and Pharmacist's

Mate E. C. Upp, U. S. N 8G

A method of ringing the hanging drop, etc.

By Hospital Apprentice First Class D. G. Willard, U. S. N 92

Preparation of colloidal gold solution.

By Marie Karlen. Reserve Nurse Corps, and Pharmacist's Mate First Class

A. E. Bourke, U. S. N 94

Report of seventy-five refraction cases.

By Lieutenant W. D. Horner, Medical Corps, U. S. N 95

Empyema cases.

By Lieutenant E. R. Guinan, Medical Corps, U. S. N 99

Acute mastoiditis. Page.

By Lieutenant C. N. Meador, Medical Corps, U. S. N 106

Dental foci in the etiology of systemic disease.

By Lieutenant A. H. Ehrenclou, Medical Corps, and Lieutenant

B. F. Loveall, Dental Corps, U. S. N 109

Transfusion in medical cases.

By Lieutenant D. H. Murray, Medical Corps, TJ. S. N 117

A DENTAL BRANCH OF THE HOSPITAL COBPS.

By Lieutenant B. F. Loveall, Dental Corps, U. S. N 118

A CASE OF TUBERCULOUS PEBICABDITI8.

By Lieutenant A. H. Ehrenclou, Medical Corps, U. S. N 120

A CASE OF ACUTE ANILINE POISONING.

By Lieutenant A. H. Ehrenclou, Medical Corps, U. S. N 123

A CASE OF TUBERCULOUS MENINGITIS.

By Lieutenant J. J. Sale, Medical Corps, U. S. N 126

A CASE OF NEUROPARALYTIC KERATITIS.

By Lieutenant C. N. Meador, Medical Corps, U. S. N 127

Vernal conjunctivitis treated with radium.

By Lieutenant W. D. Horner, Medical Corps, U. S. N 1 128

A case of acute myelitis.

By Lieutenant L. E. Smith, Medical Corps, U. S. N 130

A case of osteoma of the tibia.

By Lieutenant F. G. Linde, Medical Corps, U. S. N 131

A DISLOCATED SEMILUNAR CARTHAGE.

By Lieutenant F. G. Linde, Medical Corps, U. S. N 132

A CASE OF COMPOUND FRACTURE OF TIBIA AND FIBULA.

By Lieutenant F. G. Linde, Medical Corps, U. S. N 132

A DEATH FROM NITRIC ACID POISONING.

By Lieutenant G. A. Gray, Medical Corps, U.S. N 133

NECROSIS OF THE MANDIBLE ; TWO CASES.

By Lieutenant B. F. Loveall, Dental Corps, U. S. N 134

HISTORICAL.

Alexis Soyer.

By Captain J. S. Taylor, Medical Corps, U. S. N 139

EDITORIAL.

Morale 175

SPECIAL ARTICLES.

Venereal statistics of the Army and Navy: A study of certain published

reports.

By Captain C. E. RIggs. Medical Corps, U. S. N 179

Report of one hundred compound fractures due to shell fragments or

machine-gun bullets.

By Lieutenant Commander A. L. Clifton, Medical Corps, U. S. N__ 191

A Death From Novarsenobenzol.

By Lieutenant Commander R. A. Torrance, Medical Corps, U. S. N 193

Mercurochrome —220, in dentistry.

By Lieutenant Commander W. L. Darnall, Dental Corps, U. S. N_ 194

PROGRESS IN MEDICAL SCIENCES.

General medicine. —Diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis.

—The clinical recognition of syphilis. —Mercury bichloride Intravenously. —

Transduodenal lavage. — Immunization against diphtheria. —Buccal auscultation

197

Mental and nervous diseases. — Malingering. —Extending the field of

conscious control. —The patient himself. —Anxiety and fear 210

Surgery. —Blood transfusion. —Dangers of transfusion. —Mixture of ethyl

chloride, chloroform, and ether for anesthesia. — Skin grafting.—Autoplasties

for baldness. —Bladder tumors 217

Hygiene and sanitation. —Hospital tires.—Coffee and vitamines 223

Tropical medicine. —Sterilization of ova in bilharziasis.—Antimony in the

treatment of bilharziasis 226

Eye, ear, nose, and throat. —Cause and diagnosis of glaucoma ; treatment

by myotics.— Corneal disease of tubercular origin. —Action of chloral on the

pupil 227

NOTES AND COMMENTS.

Enlistments. —Professional training of experienced officers.—The case of

the U. S. S. Pittsburgh. —Prostatic lithiasis.—Cessation of respiration 15

hours before death. —Chloropierin to exterminate rats. —The Annual Report of

the Surgeon General, U. S. Navy. —Finding malarial parasites.— Icterus in

malaria.—Excretion of quinine.— Student health at the University of

Iowa.—Conference on war victims. —Pleasure and profit in the Medical Corps of

the Navy. —Law regarding thermometers. —Adhesive plaster. —The essential in

nursing. —Laxative cookies.—Samoa. —The Navy Mutual Aid Association 236

BOOK NOTICES 251

Number 2

PREFACE VII

NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS VIII

SPECIAL ARTICLES:

Treatment of influenza.

By Commander J. L. Neilson, Medical Corps, U. S. N 269

Intravenous use of magnesium sulphate in influenzal pneumonia.

By Lieutenant J. J. Hogan, Medical Corps, U. S. N. R.F. 277

Accidental injuries from electric currents.

By Commander W. J. Zalesky and Lieutenant W. T. Brown, Medical Corps,

U. S. N 279

Methods of sterilization in dentistry.

By Lieutenant Commander H. E. Harvey, Dental Corps, U. S. N. 282

Peptic ulcer.

By Lieutenant C. S. Norburn, Medical Corps, U. S. N 285

SURVEY OF FIFTY COURT-MARTIAL PRISONERS.

By Lieutenant C. H. Castle, Medical Corps, U. S. N. R.F 291

Hospital training of apprentices.

By Lieutenant A. H. Ehrenclou, Medical Corps, U. S. N 296

Methods of instructing hospital corpsmen.

By Lieutenant Commander W. M. Kerr. Medical Corps, U. S.N 302

Standardizing treatment for venereal disease.

By Lieutenant Commander W. D. Owens, Medical Corps, U. S. N 308

Plan of organization for a naval hospital.

By Captain R. P. Crandall and Commander W. A. Angwin, Medical Corps, U.

S. N 316

HISTORICAL:

SURGERY IN THE MIDDLE AGES.

By Captain J. S. Taylor, Medical Corps, U. S.N 347

EDITORIAL:

Calling a spade an implement of horticultural utility 377

"To bide the hobbyhorse with the boys " 378

SIGGESTED DEVICES:

RETINOSCOPIC LENS HOLDER.

By Captain J. S. Taylor, Medical Corps, U. S. N 383

Strong room for alcohol and narcotics.

By Captain A. Farenholt, Medical Corps, U. S. N 385

Detection of mosquito larvae.

By Lieutenant Commander J. C. Parham, Medical Corps, U. S. N 380

CLINICAL NOTES:

Tuberculous meningitis simulating lethargic encephalitis.

By Lieutenant Commander W. A. Bloedorn, Medical Corps, U. S. N 387

Advancement of ocular muscles by the Fox technique.

By Lieutenant Commander C. B. Camerer, Medical Corps. U.S. N 392

Surgical treatment of "saddle nose" deformity.

By Lieutenant Commander C. B. Camerer, Medical Corps. U. S. N 397

A HAND PLASTIC.

By Lieutenant Commander Lucius W. Johnson. Medical Corps, U. S. N 399

Dislocation of first cervical vertebra.

By Captain G. T. Smith, Medical Corps, U. S. N 400

Death from neo-arsphenamine.

By Commander W. .T. Za leaky and Lieutenant J. B. Bellinger, Medical Corps,

U. S. N 401

Thrombosis of the lateral sinus.

By Lieutenant Commander E. E. Koebbe, Medical Corps, U. S. N_ 403

Orchitis complicating tonsillitis.

By Lieutenants J. D. Benjamin and T. C. Quirk, Medical Corps, U. S. N 408

Operations for trauma of the urethra.

By Lieutenant W. L. Cowles, Medical Corps, U. S. N. R. P 407

Sea sickness.

By Commander C. E. Henry. Medical Corps, U. S. N. R. F 410

Treatment of the " West Indian chancroid."

By Lieutenant Commander W. H. Michael, Medical Corps, U. S. N 412

PROGRESS IN MEDICAL SCIENCES:

General medicine. —The arsphenaniines in therapeutics. —Recital absorption

of glucose 415

Mental and nervous diseases. —lethargic encephalitis. —Theory of hysteria.

—Mental deficiency 420

Surgery. —Resuscitation in death under anesthesia. —Advances in anesthesia.

— Sloughing in local anesthesia. —Anesthesia in abdominal surgery. —

Suppurating wounds after abdominal section. —Saving suppurating Incisions.

—Abdominal adhesions. —Perforating gastric and duodenal ulcer. — Persistence of

pyloric and duodenal ulcers. — Diverticula of the duodenum.— Orthopedic

treatment of burns. —Postoperative bronchial irritation. —Care of surgical patients.

—End-to-end anastomosis. —Genital tuberculosis.— Radium therapy of cancer of

bladder. — Radium and malignant genitourinary disease.—Bone tumors. —Fracture

of vertebrae. —Penetrating wounds of chest. —Operation for empyema.—Plastic war

surgery in civil life. —The war's contribution to civil surgery 429

Hygiene and sanitation. —Typhus fever in Serbia 455

Pathology, bactkriology, and animal parasitology. —Diagnosis of cholera.

—Staining malarial parasites. —Saprophytysm of venereal organisms. — Variation

in size of red cells. —Anophellnes of California. —Reaction from echinococcus fluid

457

Eye, ear, nose, and throat.— Encephalitis lethargica 487

NOTES AND COMMENTS:

Bronchospirochaetosis. — Starvation edema. —Dried cabbage as an antiscorbutic.

—Miner's nystagmus. —Endocrines and the teeth. — Orientation of bats. — Sugar

production.- -The teeth of the ancient Egyptians. —Treatment of enlarged

thymus. —Plague in Paris.— Antivenereal campaign in Rouen.— Medical school of

the University of Virginia. —Postgraduate study In the Japanese Navy. — National

Academy of Science.—Peking Unjon Medical College. — The dye Industry. — Naval

medical service as a career. —Naval dispensary and hospital defined.— Death of

Anton Weichselbaum. — Action of the Women's Civic League, Maiden, Mass. — Dr.

Russel H. Boggs. — Preservation of leather. —Service publications. —Picric acid

469

REPORTS :

Sewage system in Charlotte Amalia.

By Lieutenant R. L. Pettigrew, Civil Engineer Corps, U. S. N. and

Lieutenant E. Peterson. Medical Corps, U. S. N 481

Application of the Schick reaction to 2,011 naval recruits.

By Lieutenant B. F. Norwood. Medical Corps, U. S. N 486

Smallpox in Haiti.

By Lieutenant Commander K. C. Melborn, Medical Corps, U. S. N 492

Sanitary report on Libau, Latvia.

By Lieutenant Commander A. C. Smith and Lieutenant R. P. Parsons,

Medical Corps, U. S. N 492

Summer school, Hampton Roads, Va.

By Lieutenant Commander K. E. Lowman, Medical Corps, U. S. N 495

INFORMATION WANTED 498

BOOK NOTICES 499

Number 3

NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS VI

CLINICAL NOTES : Surgical service of the United States Naval Hospital,

New Orleans, La.

By Lieutenant Commander W. J. Riddick and Lieutenant Commander E. A.

Stephens, Medical Corps, U. S.N. 507

A CASE OF HYSTERIA IN THE NAVAL SERVICE.

By Lieutenant Commander W. A. Bloedorn, Medical Corps, U. S. N. 515

A CASE OF HYSTERICAL CONTRACTURE.

By Lieutenant A. H. Ehrenclou, Medical Corps, U. S. N 521

X-RAY PROCEDURE AND TECHNIQUE.

By Lieutenant Commander I. E. Jacobs, Medical Corps, and Chief

Pharmacist's Mate C. B. Worster, U. S. N 524

Interpretation of abdominal rigidity.

By Lieutenant Commander Lucius W. Johnson, Medical Corps, U. S. N 529

A CASE OF ECHINOCOCCUS CYST.

By Lieutenant C. S. Norburn, Medical Corps, U. S. N 530

NONCORRODIBLE INSTRUMENTS.

By Lieutenant Commander G. C. Thomas, Medical Corps, U. S. N 532

Aseptic technique for canal instruments.

By Lieutenant Commander H. E. Harvey, Dental Corps, U. S. N 533

Traumata due to falling.

By Lieutenant Commander H. H. Lane, Medical Corps, U. S. N 535

Administration of neosalvarsan.

By Lieutenant J. B. Bostick, Medical Corps, U. S. N 536

Diet deficiency in Vincent's angina.

By Lieutenant C. H. Morris, Dental Corps, U. S. N 540

Vincent's infection of the -mouth.

By Lieutenant (j. g.) J. B. Goodall, Dental Corps, U. S. N. R. F 542

Penetrating wound of the pelvis.

By Lieutenant F. P. Gardner, Medical Corps, U. S. N 544

Traumatic rupture of spleen —removal.

By Lieutenant Commander F. H. Bowman, Medical Corps, U.S. N., and

Lieutenant Commander E. M. Foote, Medical Corps, U. S. N. R. F 545

Operation for wrist drop.

By Lieutenant J. I. Yohannan, Medical Corps, U. S. N 547

A PLASTIC OPERATION ON THE MUSCLES OF THE SHOULDER.

By Lieutenant R. W. Auerbach, Medical Corps, U. S. N 54S

A SIMPLE OPERATION FOR TRICHIASIS.

By Lieutenant H. S. Cragin, Medical Corps, U. S. N. R. F 551

A CASE OF ADENO-CARCINOMA.

By Lieutenant Commander M. Boland, Medical Corps, U. S. N— 552

Chancroidal infections.

By Lieutenant W. F. Pearce, Medical Corps, U. S. N 554

A CA8E OF INNOCENT SYPHILIS.

By Lieutenant J. W. Jones, Medical Corps, U. S. N 556

A CASE OF CARCINOMA OF THE TESTICLE.

By Lieutenant W. J. Corcoran, Medical Corps, U. S. N 557

Removal of an unusually large tumor.

By Commander E. L. Jones, Medical Corps, U. S. N 558

HISTORICAL:

A RETROSPECT OF NAVAL AND MILITARY MEDICINE.

By Captain J. S. Taylor, Medical Corps, U. S. N 561

EDITORIAL :

Accidental poisoning — Contributing to the Bulletin —The omission of

the—The future of nursing — Comparative values 627

PROGRESS IN MEDICAL SCIENCES :

General medicine — Mechanism of hiccough — Gases In arterial blood—Treatment

of arsenic poisoning —Treatment of encephalitis letharglca —New test for

nephritis—Blood in pellagra and beri beri —Ocular symptoms in sinus

disease—Reaction from repeated transfusions —Eye symptoms in epidemic

encephalitis —Diagnosis and treatment of hemorrhoids —Cost of venereal

disease—Future of medicine in the United States 637

Mental and nervous diseases —The criminal—Brain lesions of dementia

praecox —Follow-up studies on mental patients 652

Surgery—Trauma of the abdomen— Rubber dam tampon —Diagnosis of gastric

or duodenal ulcers —Postoperative thrombophlebitis — Treatment of fractured

patella —Affections of the tibial tubercle— 655

Hygiene and Sanitation —Sanitary features of merchant ships 659

NOTES AND COMMENTS :

Errata —Centenary of von Helmholtz —Retirement of Filippo Rho, Surgeon

General, Italian Navy—A diagnostic point in tuberculosis —Curing hemorrhoids

—The X-ray and art— Industrial code of New

York —Preservation of eyesight —Basal metabolism —American Society of Tropical

Medicine —Laboratory work in the Far East— Dentistry in South America

—Fireprooflng of fabrics—The exploration of Mount Everest — Physical

development in Japan — Hiccough and encephalitis lethargica —Use of fish as

food in France — Service items 665

REPORTS :

Rat-Proofing at the United States Navy Yard, Key West, Fla.

By Lieutenant Commander P. E. Garrison, Medical Corps, U. S. N 673

Report of the Fifth Congress of the International Society of Surgery,

Paris.

By Lieutenant S. B. Burk, Medical Corps, U. S. N. R. F. (Inactive) 681

Smallpox in Port Au Prince, Haiti.

By Lieutenant C. J. Brown, Medical Corps, U. S. N 695

Medical Department of the United States Naval Torpedo Station,

Alexandria, Va.

By Lieutenant Commander C. C. Kress, Medical Corps, U. S. N 701

The Herman-Perutz Reaction.

By Lieutenant G. V. Genzmer, Medical Corps, U. S. N. R. F 708

BOOK NOTICES 711

Number 4

PREFACE V

NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS VI

SPECIAL ARTICLES :

Color blindness.

By Captain E. J. Grow, Medical Corps, U. S. N 717

Cardiac irregularity.

By Commander E. U. Reed, Medical Corps, U. S. N 732

Handling of recruits, Marine Barracks, Parris Island.

By Lieutenant Commander J. C. Parham, Medical Corps, U. S. N 740

Four centuries in the treatment of syphilis.

By Lieutenant L. W. Shaffer, Medical Corps, U. S. N 749

A Marine Corps field hospital.

By Lieutenant Commander G. F. Cottle, Medical Corps, U. S. N 762

Training and care of the football squad, U. S. Naval Academy, Annapolis,

Md.

By Lieutenant M. H. Roberts, Medical Corps, U. S. N. R. F 770

Gas poisoning in warfare.

By Lieutenant G. H. Mankin, Medical Corps, U. S. N 775

Venereal prophylaxis among U. S. Marines at Honolulu.

By Lieutenant Commander H. H. Lane, Medical Corps, U. S. N_. 783

HISTORICAL :

The Manila Galleon.

By Lieutenant Commander W. M. Kerr, Medical Corps, U. S. N. 787

EDITORIAL :

On learning to write-—On several phases of syphilis 801

SUGGESTED DEVICES :

Dental X-ray film holder.

By Lieutenant Commander H. E. Harvey, Dental Corps. U. S. N_- 807

Suggestion for recording dental conditions.

By Lieutenant Commander H. E. Harvey, Dental Corps, U. S. N-- 807

CLINICAL NOTES :

A CASE OF CUTANEOUS SPOROTRICHOSIS.

By Commander R. E. Hoyt, Medical Corps, U. S. N 809

Report of pellagra in Haiti.

By Lieutenant Commander G. F. Clark, Medical Corps, U. S. N__ 813

Acute rheumatic fever.

By Lieutenant W. M. Alberty, Medical Corps, U. S. N 814

A case of poisoning by oil of chenopodium.

By Lieutenant B. F. Norwood, Medical Corps, U. S. N 818

Brushing the teeth.

By Lieutenant Commander H. E. Harvey, Dental Corps, U. S. N 824

TWENTY-EIGHT CASES OF PNEUMONIA.

By Lieutenant J. R. Jeffrey, Medical Corps, U. S. N 825

A CASE OF TUBERCULOUS MENINGITIS.

By Lieutenant Commander S. P. Taylor, Medical Corps, U. S. N— 830

Cholecystectomy and pyelotomy in

Guam.

By Commander A. H. Robnett, Medical Corps, U. S. N 831

Elephantiasis of the scrotum.

By Lieutenant L. W. Breene, Medical Corps, U. S. N., and W. Zur Linden,

chief pharmacist, Medical Corps, U. S. N 884

Rules for massage.

By Commander W. S. Bainbridge, Medical Corps, U. S. N. R. F— 835

PROGRESS IN MEDICAL SCIENCES :

General medicine. —Transfusion of blood—Diabetes mellitus In the Negro

race— Diagnosis of syphilis In malarial subjects —So-called diseases of the

blood— Singultus— The role of the prostate and

seminal vesicles in arthritis —Medical aspects of naval aviation — Treating

syphilitics—The etiology of scurvy —Food accessory factors in relation to the

teeth 839

Surgery. —Immediate surgery in fighting ships —Immediate surgery of war

wounds as practiced in hospital ships —The surgical treatment of empyema by a

closed method—Willems treatment of

knee-joint injuries —Observations on primary venereal sores—Resection

of the small intestine for war wounds —Tetanus in the British Army during the

European War 855

Tropical medicine. —New method of treatment of trypanosomiasis — Differential

diagnosis in tropical fevers —Schistosomiasis in the Yangtse Valley—Carriers of

dysenteriae among soldiers —Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine 870

Pathology, bacteriology, and animal parasitology. — Cultivation of gonococcus—Aestivo-autumnal

malaria Plasmodia —Virulence of diphtheria-like organisms 885

Chemistry and pharmacy.—Absorption of calcium salts in man— Improvements

in the Nephelometer-Colorimeter — Substitution of turbidimetry for nephelometry

in certain biochemical methods of analysis— Creatinuria —Phosphoric acid in the

blood of normal infants—Basal metabolism of normal women—Fat-soluble vitamine— Standards

for normal basal metabolism 887

Eye, ear, nose, and throat.- —Injuries to the ear in modern warfare— Injuries

to the ear in modern warfare— Symptomatology and diagnosis of foreign bodies in

the air and food passages—Etiology and prevention of injuries to the eye

—Mosher-Totl operation on the lachrymal sac —-Tuberculosis of the middle ear

892

NOTES AND COMMENTS :

Colles's Fracture—The French view of an American medical congress —Case

Records of the Massachusetts General Hospital— National cancer week- —

Pharmacopoeia of China —Municipal disposal of garbage—American Journal of

Tropical Medicine —Danger of week-end camping in the Tropics — Influenza

epidemic in the British Navy —Benvenuto Cellini—A Consulting Surgeon in the

Near

East—Asphyxiation in Garages —Dental service In the British Navy

—Surgeon Captain Lomas, R. N.—Counsels and Ideals from the Writings of William

Osler —John Keats, apothecary and poet — Life and times of Ambroise

Pare—Treatment of ozena —Lead poisoning in the pottery trade—The International

Journal of Gastro-Enterology— Treatment of malarial fever —Formaldehyde

poisoning — Toxic effects of shaking arsphenamine solution —Peking Union Medical

College —Milk standards 901

BOOK NOTICES 921

INDEX 983

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