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YOUR BABY IS DUE Aug 28:
You are currently 4 WEEKS PREGNANT
Estimated Date of Conception: Dec 05, 1988
(4 weeks 3 days or 1 months)
This is based on the cycle length provided, not an average cycle length of 28 days, however it is still an estimate.
PROGRESS: You are 12% of the way through your pregnancy.
12% Weekly Development WEEK 1 & 2
Weeks 1 & 2 of your pregnancy is Nov 22, 1988 - Dec 05, 1988
Baby Conceived: It's ovulation time. If sperm and egg meet, you're on your way to pregnancy.
WEEK 3: Week 3 of your pregnancy is Dec 06, 1988 - Dec 12, 1988
Implantation occurs: Your baby is a tiny ball of several hundred cells that are rapidly multiplying and burrowing into the lining of your uterus. The cells that become the placenta are producing hCG, the pregnancy hormone. It tells your ovaries to stop releasing eggs and keep producing progesterone. Once there's enough hCG in your urine, you'll get a positive pregnancy test result.
WEEK 4: Week 4 of your pregnancy is Dec 13, 1988 - Dec 19, 1988 - Positive Pregnancy Test: Your baby is an embryo made up of two layers, the hypoblast and the epiblast. The placenta is developing and preparing to provide nutrients and oxygen to your growing baby. The amniotic sac is developing and will surround and protect your baby while it continues to grow.
WEEK 5: Week 5 of your pregnancy is Dec 20, 1988 - Dec 26, 1988 - Your embryo is now made up of three layers, the ectoderm, the mesoderm and the endoderm which will later form all the organs and tissues. You might start to feel the first twinges of pregnancy such as tender breasts, frequent urination, or morning sickness.
WEEK 6: Week 6 of your pregnancy is Dec 27, 1988 - Jan 02, 1989
Heartbeat detectable by ultrasound. Your baby's heart is beating about 160 times a minute and the nose, mouth and ears are taking shape. Lungs and digestive system are forming organs.
WEEK 7: Week 7 of your pregnancy is Jan 03, 1989 - Jan 09, 1989 - Your baby is forming hands and feet. Key organs like the stomach, liver and esophagus are beginning to form. Your uterus has doubled in size. The umbilical cord is transferring blood and waste between baby and mother.
WEEK 8: Week 8 of your pregnancy is Jan 10, 1989 - Jan 16, 1989 - The respiratory system is forming now. Breathing tubes extend from the throat to the branches of the developing lungs.
WEEK 9: Week 9 of your pregnancy is Jan 17, 1989 - Jan 23, 1989 - Your baby is nearly an inch long now. If you watch closely, you may see your baby move if you have an ultrasound done
WEEK 10: Week 10 of your pregnancy is Jan 24, 1989 - Jan 30, 1989 - Your baby's organs are growing and beginning to mature. The baby's head comprises half the length of the body.
WEEK 11: Week 11 of your pregnancy is Jan 31, 1989 - Feb 06, 1989 - Fingers and toes have separated and the bones are beginning to harden. External genitalia has almost completely formed.
WEEK 12: Week 12 of your pregnancy is Feb 07, 1989 - Feb 13, 1989 - The kidneys can now secrete urine and the nervous system is maturing. You baby may be curling all 10 toes, practicing opening and closing fingers and sucking a thumb. And mom should have gained from 0,5 -3 kgs.
WEEK 13: Week 13 of your pregnancy is Feb 14, 1989 - Feb 20, 1989 - Miscarriage risk decreases. Your baby now has unique fingerprints and the kidney and urinary tract are completely functional, that means she's peeing. And if you are having a girl, her ovaries are already full of thousands of eggs.
WEEK 14: Week 14 of your pregnancy is Feb 21, 1989 - Feb 27, 1989 - Your baby's facial muscles are getting a workout as he squints, frowns, grimaces and practices his first smile for you.
WEEK 15: Week 15 of your pregnancy is Feb 28, 1989 - Mar 06, 1989 - Your baby is looking more like a baby with legs growing longer than the arms and all her limbs moving. The ears are properly positioned on the side of her head and the eyes are moving from the side of the head to the front of the face. At your doctor's visit, he should offer you a quad screening test to check for Down's syndrome or other chromosomal abnormalities.
WEEK 16: Week 16 of your pregnancy is Mar 07, 1989 - Mar 13, 1989 - Baby's heart is pumping about 25 quarts of blood each day. His eyes are working and moving side to side even though the eyelids are still sealed. Mom will have a "pregnancy glow" due to increased blood supply.
WEEK 17: Week 17 of your pregnancy is Mar 14, 1989 - Mar 20, 1989 - Baby's skeleton is changing from soft cartilage to bone and her heart is now regulated by her brain. She's practicing her sucking and swallowing skills in preparation for that first suckle at your breast or the bottle. Mom's breasts may have increased a full bra size.
WEEK 18: Week 18 of your pregnancy is Mar 21, 1989 - Mar 27, 1989 - Gender reveal time. If you're having a girl, her uterus and fallopian tubes are formed and in place. If you're having a boy, his genitals are noticable now but he may hide them during an ultrasound. Are you feeling kickes and punches? Baby's hearing is also developing, so you may want to start talking to your baby.
WEEK 19: Week 19 of your pregnancy is Mar 28, 1989 - Apr 03, 1989 - Baby's brain is designating specialized areas for his 5 senses - vision, hearing, taste, smell and touch. A waxy protective coating called the vernix caseosa is forming on his skin to prevent wrinkling.
WEEK 20: Week 20 of your pregnancy is Apr 04, 1989 - Apr 10, 1989 - Your baby weighs about 300 grams and is the size of a small banana. Her uterus is fully formed this week and she may have tiny primitive eggs in tiny ovaries now. His testicles are waiting for the scrotum to finish growing and will begin their descent soon. Mom can expect to gain about 1/2 lb per week for the rest of her pregnancy.
WEEK 21: Week 21 of your pregnancy is Apr 11, 1989 - Apr 17, 1989 - Feel all that moving and shaking going on! Baby's arms and legs are in proportion now and movements are much more coordinated. Bone marrow is now helping the liver and spleen produce blood cells. The intestines are starting to produce meconium, the thick tarry looking stool first seen in baby's diaper.
WEEK 22: Week 22 of your pregnancy is Apr 18, 1989 - Apr 24, 1989 - Senses are growing stronger. Now she can hear your heart beat, your breathing and digestion. Sense of sight is becoming more fine-tuned and he can preceive light and dark. Hormones are now developing which will the organs the commands they need to operate.
WEEK 23: Week 23 of your pregnancy is Apr 25, 1989 - May 01, 1989 - Premature baby may survive. Baby's organs and bones are visible through his skin, which has a red hue because of the developing veins and arteries beneath. He'll become less transparent as his fat deposits fill in. Baby is also developing surfactant which will help the lungs inflate if baby is born prematurely
WEEK 24: Week 24 of your pregnancy is May 02, 1989 - May 08, 1989 - Baby's face is almost fully formed complete with eyelashes, eyebrows and hair. Right now her hair is white because there's no pigment yet. Between now and 28 weeks, the doctor should send mom for a glucose screening test for gestational diabetes.
WEEK 25: Week 25 of your pregnancy is May 09, 1989 - May 15, 1989 - Baby is gaining more fat and looking more like a newborn. Hair color and texture is in place. His lungs are maturing and preparing for that first breath. You might feel the baby having hiccups.
WEEK 26: Week 26 of your pregnancy is May 16, 1989 - May 22, 1989 - Brain-wave activity is on high That means baby can hear noises and respond to them with an increase pulse rate or movement. Eyes are beginning to open but they don't have much pigmentation. That will develop over the next couple months and may even continue to change until she's about 6-months-old.
WEEK 27: Week 27 of your pregnancy is May 23, 1989 - May 29, 1989 - Start talking to your baby . Baby may recognize both your and your partner's voices. This is the time to read and even sing to your baby. She now has taste buds so when you eat spicy food, your baby will be able to taste the difference in the amniotic fluid. Her mealtime comes about two hours after yours. Feel some belly spasms? Those are likely hiccups from that spicy food. It doesn't bother the baby as much as you. Baby also has settled in to a regular sleep cycle, but it may be different from mom's.
WEEK 28: Week 28 of your pregnancy is May 30, 1989 - Jun 05, 1989 - During the third trimester the brain triples in weight adding billions of new nerve cells. Senses of hearing, smell and touch are developed and functional. Your baby is having different sleep cycles, including rapid eye movement. That means she's dreaming.
WEEK 29: Week 29 of your pregnancy is Jun 06, 1989 - Jun 12, 1989 - Baby can breathe. Baby's bones are soaking up lots of calcium as they harden so be sure to consume good sources of calcium. We recommend taking Nordic Naturals and Fairhaven Health supplements.
WEEK 30: Week 30 of your pregnancy is Jun 13, 1989 - Jun 19, 1989 - Baby's brain is taking on characteristic grooves and indentations to allow for an increased amount of brain tissue. Bone marrow has taken over the production of red blood cells. This means she'll be better able to thrive on her own when she's born Baby is now weighing about 1.36 kgs and is 28 centimetres.
WEEK 31: Week 31 of your pregnancy is Jun 20, 1989 - Jun 26, 1989 - Baby's brain is developing faster than ever and he's processing information, tracking light and perceiving signals from all five sense. She's probably moving a lot, especially at night when you're trying to sleep. Take comfort that all this activity means your baby is healthy. Mom may start feeling some Braxton Hicks contractions.
WEEK 32: Week 32 of your pregnancy is Jun 27, 1989 - Jul 03, 1989 - Baby can focus on large objects not too far away; toenails and fingernails have grown in along with real hair. He's practicing swallowing, breathing, kicking and sucking. All key skills for thriving after birth.
WEEK 33: Week 33 of your pregnancy is Jul 04, 1989 - Jul 10, 1989 - Immune system is maturing. The bones in your baby's skull are still pliable which makes it easier for her to fit through the birth canal. Your uterine walls are becoming thinner allowing more light to penetrate your womb. That helps baby differentiate between night and day.
WEEK 34: Week 34 of your pregnancy is Jul 11, 1989 - Jul 17, 1989 - Baby's fat layers are filling her out and will help regulate body temperture when she's born. If your baby is a boy, the testicles are making their way down from the abdomen to the scrotum.
WEEK 35: Week 35 of your pregnancy is Jul 18, 1989 - Jul 24, 1989 - Kidneys are fully developed and her liver can process some waste products. Most of her physical development is complete. She'll spend the next few weeks gaining weight and adding baby fat. Baby is settling lower into the pelvis preparing for delivery and this is called "lightening".
WEEK 36: Week 36 of your pregnancy is Jul 25, 1989 - Jul 31, 1989 - Hopefully your baby is in a head-down position. If not, your practitioner may suggest an external cephalic version to manipulate your baby into a head down position. The vernix caseosa has now disappeared.
WEEK 37: Week 37 of your pregnancy is Aug 01, 1989 - Aug 07, 1989 - Baby is considered full term. Baby is taking up most of the room in your womb so he's only kicking and poking you, no more somersaults. Baby is sucking her thumb, blinking eyes and inhaling and exhaling amniotic fluid.
WEEK 38: Week 38 of your pregnancy is Aug 08, 1989 - Aug 14, 1989 - Baby's eyes right now are blue, gray or brown but once they're exposed to light they may change color or a shade. The lanugo, the fine downy hair that covered his body for warmth is falling off in preparation for delivery. Her lungs have strenthened and her vocal cords have developed. That means she's ready for her first cry.
WEEK 39: Week 39 of your pregnancy is Aug 15, 1989 - Aug 21, 1989 - Baby is ready to make his debut. He's adding more fat as his pinkish skin turns white or white-grayish. He won't have his final pigment until shortly after birth.
WEEK 40: Week 40 of your pregnancy is Aug 22, 1989 - Aug 28, 1989 - This is the official end of your pregnancy but because due dates are just a calculation he might be "late." No need to worry, your body knows the right time to go into labor, or your doctor may suggest you be induced. At birth your baby's eye sight is a little blurry since central vision is still developing. Just say hello and he'll recognize your voice.
During the Process of Fertilization, the sperm and the oocyte cease to exist as such, and a new human being is produced.
On September 01, 2007, the most ambitious program yet to resettle Mumbai's ‘Dharavi’ slum entered an active phase, promising to free the city of the biggest embarrassment in its quest to become a global business destination. An Indian government agency began evaluating "prequalification" bids submitted by developers across the world to build housing and social infrastructure to resettle the slum's residents. About 57,000 families with about 340,000 people and hundreds of small businesses currently occupy the 535-acre stretch in mostly illegal structures that have multiplied over decades.
The new "ecosystem" that will replace the slum was conceived by Mr. Mukesh Mehta, a U.S.-trained architect whose firm is the project's manager. Mr. Mehta has become India's pre-eminent slum-rehab guru: He has taken on a handful of similar projects in other cities including Hyderabad and Ahmadabad, and he wants to replicate his model of replacing slums with sustainable ecosystems across the country and in other emerging economies. Mr. Mehta's firm, M. M. Project Consultants, where he is chairman, is also overseeing a project to resettle and rehabilitate between 60,000 and 80,000 families in a slum stretch near Mumbai's international airport, in order to make room for a project already underway to upgrade and expand infrastructure there. India Knowledge@Wharton spoke to Mr. Mehta and Mr. Sanjay Reddy, Chief Executive Officer of Mumbai International Airport (Pvt) Ltd., about the impact these projects will have and any potential challenges that lie ahead.
For the ‘Dharavi’ rehabilitation, 26 consortia comprising 78 companies have filed preliminary bids. The project's total cost is estimated at Rs. 9,250 crore ($2.3 billion), covering housing, civic infrastructure and amenities. It will be distributed across five contracts valued at between Rs. 1,000 crore ($250 million) and Rs. 2,500 crore ($625 million) each. Winning bidders will pay a "premium" to the government in exchange for the development rights. Mr. Mehta says the state government could collect premiums totalling as much as Rs. 4,000 crore ($1 billion), which will come out of the developers' profits.
Mr. Mehta says bidders that meet prequalification criteria will be short-listed by the end of September, and then asked to submit detailed proposals. By early December, he expects to announce the successful bidders, and ground should be broken by January of next year.
Public-Private Partnerships
Mr. Mehta's model is designed to cross-subsidize free housing and infrastructure with for-sale housing and commercial space. Under the plan, developers will provide free housing of 225 sq. ft. to each of 57,000 families. These would be one-room studio apartments with an attached bath and kitchen, plus related utilities and amenities including schools, colleges, hospitals and parks. The developers will offset their costs with for-sale housing and commercial space at market rates. Some of that will come from the market prices residents and commercial establishments like shops will be required to pay for space greater than 225-sq.-ft. A portion of the developers' revenues from these for-sale properties will accrue to the government as a premium.
"All the world's eyes are on Dharavi," says Mr. Mehta about the bidding interest the project has generated so far. The bidders include many of India's major industrial groups such as Reliance; engineering and construction firm Larsen & Toubro; and real estate developers DLF, Hiranandani Constructions, the K. Raheja Group, Tata Housing and Mahindra Gesco. Several foreign companies have also shown interest in bidding, including real estate developer Hines of Houston, Tex.; Ascendas and Capitaland of Singapore; and Emaar Properties of Dubai.
Mr. Mehta acknowledges that the project's schedule could be thrown off course by legal squabbles, bureaucratic delays, disputes between and with slum dwellers, and any opposition from local politicians, underworld slumlords and other interested parties. He says that the project's very economic and social logic will hopefully overwhelm critics, and he routinely addresses local meetings to garner support. He adds that the courts should play a supportive role, because they "have understood the slum rehabilitation scheme and are aware that this has been going on for 10 years."
A City within a City
Mumbai's slums hold 55% of the city's 12 million residents, or 1.2 million families in 1,126 slum pockets, as a survey by Mr. Mehta's firm revealed. ‘Dharavi’ is the most high profile for a variety of reasons, including its prime location straddling the city's eastern and western corridors, flourishing small and medium businesses, a reputation for spawning crime, and chronic unsanitary conditions on which the city's municipality appears to have given up.
"This is now my life's work," says Mr. Mehta, 56, who was born into a wealthy family that ran steel mills and other businesses in India's Gujarat state. ‘Dharavi’ was far from his mind when he graduated with a degree in architecture in India and then left the country to obtain his master's degree at the Pratt Institute in New York City in 1984. While in the U.S., he developed expensive, custom homes in Long Island's affluent Nassau County. Until 1997, he shuttled between the U.S. and India while running a few businesses, but eventually closed them all down to focus on his ‘Dharavi’ project.
Mr. Mehta literally stumbled upon ‘Dharavi’ when he returned from the U.S. He says he was galvanized by the combination of filth, squalor, poverty, enterprise and the locked potential of the slum's prime location, and began to work on a rehabilitation plan. He set up his offices in ‘Dharavi’ "to understand who I am dealing with, and interact at the grassroots level with the slum dwellers."
Perversely, ‘Dharavi’ is also emblematic of the survival instincts of Mumbai's continually expanding population in the face of infrastructure unable to keep pace. About 300 new immigrant families are said to enter the city as permanent residents every day. Meanwhile, the slum residents have started hundreds of small businesses in pottery, leather craft, plastics and metal recycling, cottage-industry electronics and garments. "Show me a single beggar in Dharavi," says Mr. Mehta, underscoring his point that the suburb has the potential to transform itself from an eyesore into an economic engine for the city.
Government Planning Shortcomings
Over the years, successive governments have attempted to rehabilitate Dharavi's slum dwellers, and it became one of the first targets of non-government organizations looking for suitable projects. Mr. Mehta felt many of these went about the task in a piecemeal fashion. He drafted an alternative plan that he pitched to the state government in 1997.
Mr. Mehta says the government's plan at that time was "brilliant," in that it sought to use public-private partnerships to extract value from the land on which the slum dwellers resided, by allowing for-sale development options. But it suffered from some fundamental shortcomings, he notes. Most important of all was the failure to recognize the organic and haphazard ways in which slums proliferate into every available area: Lacking contiguous settlements or rectangular plots, they don't allow for conventional master planning.
Dharavi's redevelopment occurred only in those pockets where developers were able to secure the required consent from residents in any slum (70%). But because these pockets were typically mapped out in irregular plots and in what continued to be a slum neighbourhood, the for-sale housing went for low prices. The government, for the most part, kept a hands-off approach after laying down project specifications.
The poorly staffed government machinery was unable to enforce the project specifications on construction quality, and rampant corruption made things worse, says Mr. Mehta. The roughly 100,000 homes that have been built in this manner so far "will become vertical slums," he says. Moreover, he adds, development under the government's plan is not sustainable. "Unless I improve the ability of the slum dwellers to generate income and live the modified lifestyle, they cannot maintain their new housing."
Mr. Mehta proposed a master plan for the entire slum – an integrated, sustainable development approach called HIKES (health, income, knowledge, environment and socio-cultural development). Mr. Mehta says the HIKES approach allows slum dwellers "to maximize their opportunities and be respected for who they are" in terms of their own achievements. The government gave the plan enthusiastic support.
"With HIKES, the chance of [slum residents] leading a sustainable, improved life is greater than you would get by providing just housing," says Mr. Mehta. "This is the mistake that all the developing countries are making – China, Mexico, Brazil, South Africa, Turkey and Malaysia. They are thinking of slum rehabilitation as a housing issue. Housing is only one part of it; the larger part is human resources."
Leveraging Location
‘Dharavi’ has several advantages in terms of its location. It is the only Mumbai suburb with connections to all three of the city's commuter rail corridors (Western, Central and Harbour lines). It is also less than two miles from the airport, and a third of a mile from the new Bandra-Kurla commercial complex.
The integrated development approach and the prospect of a slum-free suburb emerging in ‘Dharavi’ made it easier to market the project to businesses, academic establishments and professional associations. Mr. Mehta lists a string of collaborations that have been struck so far:
A collaboration with the All India Association of Day Surgeons ensures that in exchange for space to house day surgery polyclinics, its member doctors would provide free or subsidized services to slum residents.
Alliances with primary and secondary schools to set up facilities in ‘Dharavi.’ For every free school an educational institution puts up, it will get space for a full fee-paying school, provided the quality of education is the same at both schools.
An agreement with the National Institute of Design (NID) in Ahmadabad to allow for Dharavi's leather crafts and pottery industries to turn out designer brands. "So far they are only imitating the Guccis and the Pierre Cardins and the Christian Diors of the world," says Mr. Mehta. "NID has agreed to upgrade the skills of the leather craftsmen and make ceramists of the potters." A few brand-name retail chains like Metro Shoes and Hi-Design have agreed to market the leather crafts produced through such ventures. Mr. Mehta sees similar possibilities in a range of other industries, from garments to toys and food products.
A provisional agreement with the Gems & Jewellery Export Promotion Council for its members to set up 300 factories and hire 250 people for each, creating a total of 75,000 jobs with an average annual income of Rs. 100,000 ($2,500). Mr. Mehta says this would be a big income generator even if only a third of those employees are hired from ’Dharavi.’ He says this initiative is estimated to generate exports worth $1.5 billion annually.
A project to create a golf driving range in the middle of ‘Dharavi’ has gotten traction among some big businesses such as the Reliance Group, says Mr. Mehta, who argues it would prevent encroachment of vacant land and draw the wealthy into ‘Dharavi.’ Another of Mr. Mehta's ideas is to set up a cricket museum in the suburb. He sees both possibilities as efforts to help integrate the slum population with mainstream middle- and upper-income groups.
Mr. Mehta claims the revised regulations for sewerage, storm water drainage and other utilities are in line with international standards. "We have looked at eco-housing criteria. We're talking about alternative sources of energy, solid waste recycling and management, recycling water, rain water harvesting, energy conservation and even issues related to global warming, at the infrastructure level," he says.
Further, Mr. Mehta's firm has also rewritten much of the earlier regulations that he felt held site planning and construction norms to low compliance requirements. The mandatory space required between two buildings has been doubled from the earlier level to 20 ft.; similarly, open space requirements, as a proportion of construction area, was increased from 8% to 15% of the developed area.
Under the earlier regime, homes could not get "even light and air ventilation properly," Mr. Mehta says. Some developers "cheated on the 8% open space norm by providing 1% here, 3% somewhere else and 4% in a third place, with the result that you don't even get one maidan [Hindi for "playground"]," he adds. Slum dwellers needed more open space than others, he argues, "because their per-capita housing space is less and the density is higher."
Will people used to the ways of a slum adopt a new outlook about upkeep and keep their surroundings clean? Mr. Mehta isn't taking chances: Deals are in place for all providers of utilities and services, including plumbing, elevators and exterior paint to maintain and undertake repairs free of charge for the first 15 years. Developers, too, will be required to maintain the buildings they erect for 15 years.
Mr. Mehta doesn't see slum proliferation through encroachment as a recurring problem in the areas that will be developed. The residents, as owners of their new dwellings, will prevent that, he says. "If it is your fiefdom or your area you will not let anybody come in." The resettled families will have an initial 30-year lease, with automatic renewal for another 30 years. For each home they build, developers will put Rs. 20,000 ($400) in an escrow account to finance its upkeep; the homeowner will meet costs beyond that. All that comes with a caveat: residents cannot sell their homes for the first 10 years.
Mr. Mehta says his firm's responsibility for managing the project runs "until the last slum dweller is re-housed." That may take about seven years from now, he says. His firm currently has 68 employees; he expects that to grow to more than 350 by the time construction starts in December.
A Different Set of Challenges
The public-private partnership model is also a key driver at the other big slum resettlement project on Mr. Mehta's plate, near the city's international airport. At an estimated cost of Rs.7,200 crore ($1.75 billion), the expansion and upgrade of Mumbai's international airport is among the largest private-sector infrastructure projects underway in the country. Plans are to double both annual passenger capacity to 40 million annually and cargo capacity to 1 million tons.
But to make way for that expansion, the project's promoter – Mumbai International Airport (Pvt) Ltd. (MIAL) – has to clear 276 acres in the airport's vicinity. That stretch includes a slum that houses between 60,000 and 80,000 families. The plans are to resettle them into new housing at another location within a six-mile radius. "They have their social and financial sustenance in this locality, so there would be huge resistance if we try to move them too far out," says Mr. Sanjay Reddy, Chief Executive Officer of MIAL, whose family-run GVK Group is a 74% joint venture partner with the public sector Airports Authority of India (26%).
Mr. Reddy's firm has already identified the lots where it plans to build the new housing, and is in the process of selecting a developer. "We took over the airport's operations about a year ago and are doing many things in parallel," he says. "The first is to continue running the existing facility. Second, we are simultaneously working on improving the operations. The third leg of the project is to redevelop the slum land in the airport area."
But Mr. Mehta notes that having to move people out of the area will likely make for a more challenging project. "Slums are really a vote bank for the political parties," he says. "Even if you can convince the slum dwellers to move and give them a better lifestyle, the political parties obstruct it because they lose their votes. Local politicians don't want to see a vote base they have cultivated for many years suddenly vanish."
Mr. Reddy says MIAL has so far been successful in persuading politicians to cooperate. "We have gotten a lot of support form political, bureaucratic and government officials," he says. "We cannot do anything without them." However, he adds that securing records related to the land and its dwellers has been "a messy affair."
The airport slum resettlement project shares many of the features of the ‘Dharavi’ model. Mr. Mehta says the effort here is also to have an integrated, sustainable development approach with public-private partnerships. "Here, too, we would work for a similar kind of township approach, and maybe even generate opportunities for income generation with skill development and capacity building," he says.
(Courtesy Knowledge@Wharton Network managed by the Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania – U.S.A.)
Related web links :
‘Dharavi’ – largest slum in Asia
‘Dharavi’ – Life in a slum
news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl/hi/world/06/dharavi_slum/html...
As Mumbai booms, the poor of its notorious ‘Dharavi’ slum find themselves living in some of India's hottest real estate
www7.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0705/feature3/
Mumbai slum dwellers fight development plan
news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/6970800.stm
State makes more squatters eligible for ‘Dharavi’ rehabilitation
economictimes.indiatimes.com/News/PoliticsNation/State_ma...
Reference :
Mike Davis on a planet of slums
www.socialistworker.co.uk/article.php?article_id=9073
The growth of the global slums
www.socialistworker.co.uk/article.php?article_id=9074
Urban population to overtake country dwellers for first time
www.guardian.co.uk/international/story/0,,1798774,00.html
PHOTO : ‘Dharavi’ slum, Mumbai. Photo with courtesy of National Geographic Magazine Interactive Edition published by the National Geographic Society, U.S.A.
Source of Photo :
www7.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0705/feature3/
Source of Main article :
knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/india/article.cfm?articleid=4223
Stairs Door [Multiply]
Canon EOS 500D & Canon EF-S 18-55mm f/3.5-5.6 IS
PostProduction with Digital Photo Professional & Photoshop CS5
©2011, Stefano Minella Photo
IMG_1361
The Spear Bearer hen3k.multiply.com/photos/album/23/The_Spear_Bearer
Due to popular demand i am posting my first series of boys, playing volleyball on the beach of Patong, Phuket.
These pics have had minimal adjustment. i am quite pleased with the result. I am planning to make use of the archetypical movements of these models for some other projects.
Spear bearer : because of the similarity with the ancient bronze statue of the Spear bearer by Doryphorous.
and.. hony soit qui mal y pense
please fave this pic
Bonkers processed several different ways, (including with my BumpCam program), in the bedroom in Kitahiroshima in February of 2019.
This image is from Historical Ziegfeld: ziegfeldgrrl.multiply.com/
Photos, vintage Ziegfeld music & video clips
From Left to Right:
# 1: I won't pose, I better check out the view
# 2: Hello you in the camera!
# 3: Am I the only one who cares?
# 4: Hey! there's something in your shoe!!
# 5: Come on! Look at the camera!
This is the evidence with is the proof,
Will it stand in court or am I a goof?
Luke 1 is checking the menu what will it be,
Duck breast, rack of lamb or a simple beef curry.
Luke 2 is doing the dishes, messing about at the sink,
A great time to spend quietly having a little think.
Luke 3 is going crazy attacking a bag with a knife,
But better frozen vegies than his wrist and his life!
Luke 4 is being silly, he doesn't want to cook,
Trying to hide but peeping out to have a look.
On a side note, I created this image one night this week. Dinner was my responsibility on this night.
After consulting the cookbook and toying with the idea of cooking some vegetables (albeit the frozen variety) and BBQ'ing a couple of steaks, I ended up with toasted sandwiches...
Maybe this is enough evidence to prove that men cannot multitask? The idea of having to cook steak the SAME TIME as the vegies was just too much...
This image is part of my Rhyming Captures Set
Modify your Camera to Infrared. Check it here
rueltafalla.multiply.com/journal/item/316/The_Ultimate_IR....
Wanna Shoot models?
Attend my organized shoots
Look at the schedules here
So you wanna learn Photoshop? Go here
Protect your camera from fungus. Store them here
You have multiplied, O Lord my God,
your wondrous deeds and your thoughts toward us;
none can compare with you!
I will proclaim and tell of them,
yet they are more than can be told.
Map of Alaska with old paper style background using "Multiply" blending mode to combine map and background. Map labels use different spacings between characters.
Find the instructions to recreate this map at anitagraser.com/2013/07/29/vintage-map-design-using-qgis/.
Paper background from lostandtaken.com/gallery/antique7.html
Data from QGIS sample dataset and Natural Earth project.
Mille volti di me, un gioco, un'immagine che si spezza su 2 specchi, ma sempre e comunque sulla stessa linea.
Carolyn looks really cute in the girly Superman hat, but it's a bit too big for her.
It was a really good haul this week. A guy had sooooooo much comic book stuff that he was giving away for free because he didn't want to take it back inside.
We accidentally ended up at an estate sale for a dead friend. That was kind of dark.
We saw a yard setting up a bunch of chairs and we were wondering what that was about. Turns out, it's a Burner Peace Love & Ice Cream yearly party where they play music and have about 70 of their friends over. We didn't know the people there, but they knew of MakePeace Manor.
Spanker Drive is a funny name for a street.
Carolyn.
Superman hat.
comics: Superman.
upstairs, Clint and Carolyn's house, Alexandria, Virginia.
June 3, 2017.
... Read my blog at ClintJCL at wordpress.com
... Read Carolyn's blog at CarolynCASL at wordpress.com
... Read my yard sale-related blogposts at clintjcl dot wordpress dot com/category/yard-sales/
BACKSTORY: Got up around 6:35AM, made it out driving by 7:39 AM and went out until 1:28, and then again from 2:07 to 2:36 for a total of ~6 hours. Spent $143.15 plus ~$5.53 gas for 64.3 miles of driving (25.8 mpg @ $2.22/G), for a total cost of $148.68. We drove to 65 yard sales, stopping at 39 (60%) of them. We made 115 purchases (150 items) for a total estimated value of$1,400.57, leading to a profit/savings of $245.74. So in essence, we multiplied our $148.68 investment by 9.58. (Also, if you think about it, the profit counts for even more when you consider that we have to earn $1,400.57 on the job, pre-tax, in order to take home the $1,228.72 in cash that we saved. How long does $ of disposable income take to earn, vs the 6 hrs we spent here?). Anyway, this works out to a *post-tax* "wage" of $245.74/hr as a couple or $122.87/hr per person.
THE TAKE:
* $30.00: outdoor heater (EV:$99.98)
* $15.00: cymbals, 14" hi hat, Pearl CX300, (EV:$9.99), 18" crash/ride, Pearl CX300 (EV:$24.99)
* $12.00: tote bag of assorted body washes. Tote bag has 6 divisions 10x10x7.625", Suave cocoa butter & shea 15 fl oz (2), St Ives Indulgent coconut milk 13.5 fl oz, Johnson's Body Care Forever fresh 20.3 fl oz (2), Olay Body age defying 23.6 fl oz, Yardley London English Lavender 12 fl oz., Olay moisturinse 15.2 fl oz, Old Spice body spray 3.75 oz, John Frieda Frizz-Ease hair serum 1.69 fl oz. (2), John Frieda Shine Shock leave-on perfecting glosser 2.4 oz, Escada Sentiment lotion 1.7 fl oz (2), TRESemme no frizz shine spray 4.25 fl oz. (EV:$15 if you get the stuff from the Dollar Store)
* $10.00: metal box, silver colored, Promaster, with shoulder strap, foam inside, 18x13.5x6 (EV:$21.99)
* $5.00: digital picture frame, Omnitech 15242-US, 13" screen, power supply: Accurian cat no 12-200 model DSA-15P-12 (EV:$11.27)
* $5.00: toy, mechanical construction digger, rideable and controllable (EV:$44.99)
* $4.00: shelves (2), blue, 31x11.5x12" (EV:$14.39)
* $4.00: party light, Discobeams, Spencers, 5x1.25" (EV:$29.99 price tag)
* $4.00: shelves, wire, white: 12x12x47.25", 5 shelves, green: 10.75x12x23.75" 8 4x2 shelves (EV:$17.99), but ours is not modular like this. They're just one unit.
* $3.00: horseshoes, molded PVC, Sportcraft Model 08017 (EV:$22.49)
* $3.00: lava lamp, silver, magenta lava (EV:$9.97)
* $3.00: power strip surge protector, 6-outlets, circuit breaker (EV:$3.24)
* $3.00: light, portable track light, model 1953, issue no bh-49 880, including flood lightbulb (EV:$19.99)
* $3.00: boom box, Sanyo, M7130K (EV:$14.95 price tag)
* $3.00: nails/screws (3), 3 boxes of assorted nails and screws (EV:$~6.00 (~$3 each))
* $2.50: costume, Playful Pirate, size M/L, barcode 023168251343 (EV:$27.99 price tag)
* $2.00: power strip, GE, 6-outlets, black, smaller than most (EV:$3.24)
* $2.00: power strip, 6-outlets, white (EV:$3.24)
* $2.00: lamp, clip, green, model # 30011-GRN, manufacture date: 200503 (EV:$7.97)
* $2.00: electronic fly swatter, yellow, item 62540, serial number 2215-36747 (EV:$9.99)
* $2.00: step stool, off-white, Rubbermaid, 12.5x15.5x9.5", LS-4200-P3-BISQU / barcode 071691224204 (EV:$11.96)
* $2.00: bathmat, for the tub, dark gray, 30.5x14.75" (EV:$8.98)
* $2.00: solar light, OnTel Ever Brite, As Seen On TV, 2016, EBMOPKG10116-CCC, barcode 735541008207 (EV:$6.00)
* $1.00: game, roleplaying game, Gamma World (EV:$39.99 price tag)
* $1.00: hula skirt, Aloha Hawaii Lei, Natural Raffia, Adult: 31" waist, 28" length, barcode 747448310307 (EV:$3.99)
* $1.00: extension cord, 6-feet, gray (EV:$4.29)
* $1.00: belt, black with small silver studs (EV:$15.00)
* $1.00: coasters, mirror (2), square, 4" (EV:$5.98 ($2.99 each))
* $1.00: horseshoes, foam, Aviva, only one stake with base (EV:$14.47)
* $1.00: hat, top hat, SuperGirl, Pink, plushy, with pink faux fur rim, Six Flags (EV:$8.00)
* $1.00: milk crate, brown, Borden Orlando (EV:$3.82)
* $1.00: milk crate, red, Shenandoah's Pride (EV:$3.82)
* $1.00: shelf, wood color (unpainted), 31x11.5x12" (EV:$14.39)
* $1.00: storage unit, white, 2-drawers, Itso, 14.625x14.625x15" (EV:$24.97)
* $1.00: toy, tank, camouflage, 11x6x5", Hasbro, 1998, United States, 5 SXT25507-HD USA, C001-D (EV:$27.90)
* $1.00: fitted sheet & 4 pillowcases, Queen size, burgundy color (EV:$14.35)
* $1.00: storage unit, drawer, cloth, green, 15.125x9x15.375" (EV:$3.20)
* $1.00: guitar, First Act Discovery, missing a string, 31.25" long, 14.125x10.250x2.250" body, red finish with orange flames, FG3087 (EV:$18.71)
* $1.00: toy guitar, flat plastic, red & black, Wowwee Paper Jamz Pro Series guitar, 2010, 6288, has USB and a phone jack? maybe that's for the separate amp. (EV:$29.65)
* $1.00: toy guitar, flat plastic, white, WowWee Paper Jamz Instant Rockstar, 2009, this one does not have the USB or phone jack hookups (EV:$29.65)
* $0.75: lightbulb, Sylvania Soft White 3-way lightbulb 30-70-100W (EV:$3.98)
* $0.50: Spongebob Squarepants, vibrating, Burger King, 2002, 4x3.25" not including cloth feet, 5x3.25" including feet (EV:$4.03)
* $0.50: mask, Batman, glasses style, McDonald's (EV:$1.29)
* $0.25: train whistle, wood, Durango Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad, Summerton, CO (EV:$4.99)
* $0.25: gold twigs (EV:$6.99)
* $0.10: Slinky, plastic, rainbow, butterfly shape, 3" (EV:$21.64)
* $0.10: stirrer, Fusionbrands Stirstik, 2011, grayplastic paint-stirrer with purple rubbery coating, item # 8038-147, barcode 891078001590 (EV:$6.95)
* $0.10: Smurf, rubbery, Grumpy, big head, little body, 1.5x2", 2012, lafigb.vimps tech4kios.com onl4w257 Canada (EV:$1.00)
* $0.10: paint, orange, Krylon, Industrial Tough Coat, (EV:$1.99 price tag)
* $FREE: Mr. Beer home brewing kit, makes 2 gallons of beer, keg, bottles, mixing kit for Bewitched Amber Ale 2.86lbs that expired on 20150627 (EV:$29.99)
* $FREE: hat, Spider-Man, BabyGap, size S/M (EV:$29.95)
* $FREE: head massager, Crafted Imports, handle: 2.7x0.3", short arm: 5", long arm: 6.5", Walgreen, WIC#: 950094 2302030, barcode 049022918207 (EV:$1.99)
* $FREE: hat, Dare Devil/Punisher reversible (EV:$16.95)
* $FREE: hat, Star Wars, Darth Vader (EV:$8.54)
* $FREE: skull, metal, flat, tin, Terminator 2, T2 (EV:$6.75)
* $FREE: hat, Iron Man (EV:$7.98)
* $FREE: ice mold, 20 Sided Die, LootCrate Exclusive, ~3" (EV:$5.82)
* $FREE: window (2), mirrored, 22.75x32.625x.75" (EV:$12.59)
* $FREE: mirror (2), 24x30" and 18x24" (EV:$22.55)
* $FREE: toy rocket, Stomp Rocket JrGlow air powered rocket, The D&L Company, www.stomprocket.com, 2008, barcode 795516200050 (EV:$14.75)
* $FREE: poster, Star Wars 7 The Force Awakens, RP1401 Pick 40, shrinkwrapped, barcode 882663040148 (EV:$8.99)
* $FREE: poster, Marvel Heros, Reinders, shrinkwrapped, A30/234/18023 234 PP31736 130312 (EV:$5.47)
* $FREE: poster, Star Trek Into Darkness, Imax (EV:$17.99)
* $FREE: drum, First Act Discovery, blue, 8.5" (EV:$25.65)
* $FREE: viewfinder, View-Master 3-D, blue, Fisher Price, 1988, T5410 0682T1, including viewmaster inserts: Dora The Explorer 2008 Viacom, The Space Shuttle B: 34079-9039, The Space Shuttle C: 34079-9029, Toy Story 3 T3982 (NRFB), Cars W2131 (NRFB) (EV:$12.97)
* $FREE: Brita filter pitcher, large size, white, top is a little warped (EV:$9.79)
* $FREE: Brita filter (2) (EV:$11.98)
* $FREE: toy, magnetized Spider-Man gyro spinner (EV:$3.98)
* $FREE: tin, butter cookies, 5.125x2.75", Christmas (EV:$7.56)
* $FREE: container, plastic, clear with white lid, 2.5x2.125x1.5"(EV:$0.27)
* $FREE: trading cards, MarvelIron Man 3 movie, www.upperdeck.com, KA040913, barcode 053334807784 (still in pack) (EV:$2.86)
* $FREE: stickers, Tetris, 147 stickers, Paladone, PP2274TT, barcode 5032331036156 (NRFB) (EV:$4.90)
* $FREE: baby mirror, Munchkin, gray suede edges, 12.25x9.375" (EV:$7.99)
* $FREE: bucket, pink with hearts, 1-800-Flowers.Com, 4.25x5" (EV:$3.64)
* $FREE: carpet pad, gray 26x13.5", 24.5x13.5" (EV:$3.56)
* $FREE: poster, Beyond, 11x17" (EV:$7.95)
* $FREE: door stop alarm, Radio Shack, 490-0427, barcode 040293167707 (EV:$10.91). Got from Lynn, from BlondeJamesBond's estate sale.
* $FREE: toy, Iron Man, Hasbro, 2012, 7 moveable joints, 5"4.875", #A4180 (EV:$11.96)
* $FREE: toy, Snoopy & Woodstock, The Peanuts Movie, McDonald's, #10 (NRFB) (EV:$4.17)
* $FREE: toy, Mario Brothers, Luigi, 2013, McDonald's, 3.5x2.5" (EV:$17.25)
* $FREE: toy, Mario Brothers, Mario with wall, 2013, McDonald's, 3.5x2.5" (EV:$17.83). Ours is missing the coin and stand.
* $FREE: toy, candy fan, M&M's Star Wars, Boba Fett (EV:$3.09)
* $FREE: napkins, The Amazing Spider-Man, Decorata Party, 2051101, barcode 5201184804711 (NRFB) (EV:$2.02)
* $FREE: fork, construction vehicle, Constructive Eating, Fork Lift Fork (EV:$7.50)
* $FREE: spoon, construction vehicle, Constructive Eating, Front Loader Spoon (EV:$7.10)
* $FREE: toy, Avengers, Iron Man, Tri-Power Repulsor and 4 missiles, PN 7221430001(EV:$37.15)
* $FREE: ice cube tray, Marvel, The Thing's face, Hulk's fist, Captain America's shield, Iron Man's face, item #09922, barcode 674449099224 (EV:$7.43)
* $FREE: toy, Marvel Spider-Man Adventures, Playskool Heroes, Spider-Man & Lizard (NRFB) (EV:$12.42)
* $FREE: stickers, cars, 13 stickers (EV:$1.64)
* $FREE: dishwasher cages (4), 2 white: 9x6.5x5" and do not have a middle insert, 2 white with blue insert: 9x5.5x4.5" (EV:$23.96 ($5.99 each))
* $FREE: poster, Star Trek Beyond (EV:$13.35)
* $FREE: figure, The Fifth Element, Korben Dallas, Reaction Figures, 2015, 3.75", 5 moveable joints (EV:$7.49). We have the figure and the backing to the package.
* $FREE: figure, The Fifth Element, Leeloo (straps costume), Reaction Figures, 2015, 3.75", 5 moveable joints (NRFB) (EV:$7.95)
* $FREE: note book, Comic Note Book, 64 pages, barcode 81422904479 (NRFB) (EV:$3.39)
* $FREE: canvas (2), Spider-Man, Spider Sense, Canvas Art, 9.75" (shrinkwrapped) (EV:$20.42 ($10.21 each))
* $FREE: ball, bouncy, The Hulk, Headstrom, A1355, ~4.5" (EV:$6.99)
* $FREE: puzzle, Thomas & Friends, Ravensburger, 3x2' (EV:$8.97)
* $FREE: trivia box, Star Wars, Cardinal, 60401ary, code LIV-STW, SKU: 118-2686, barcode 047754188028(EV:$2.59)
* $FREE: metal tin, mailbox shaped, Avengers Tin Mail Box (EV:$2.97 price tag)
* $FREE: toy, Iron Man, beanbag hands, 5.5x8 (EV:$7.12)
* $FREE: toy (2), Peanuts, Charlie Brown, 2015, McDonald's, talking, 4x2.25" (EV:$$7.48 ($3.74 each))
* $FREE: canvas (1), Spider-Man, Spider Sense, 15.75x11.625" (EV:$8.48)
* $FREE: place mat, Spider-Man, Spider Sense, 17x13.5", 3-D effect(EV:$4.15)
* $FREE: place mats (2), Avengers, 17.75x12" (EV:$5.67)
* $FREE: giant sticker activity pad, Marvel, 18602, 19x14" (EV:$12.95)
* $FREE: candle, red, American Greetings, (EV:$4.00 price tag)
* $FREE: toy, My Little Pony, Fluttershy, McDonald's, hard mane, real tail, 2.375x2.75" (EV:$4.24)
* $FREE: toothbrush, travel, blue (EV:$0.97)
* $FREE: trains, Thomas The Train, blue, wood and plastic, wheels (EV:$0.29)
* $FREE: toy, Darth Vader, 8 movable joints, waist twisting action, 4.25x2" (EV:$2.38). Ours is missing the light saber.
* $FREE: Pez dispenser, Superman, (EV:$2.99)
* $FREE: collectible metal pin, Marvel, Hydra symbal, EFX Collectibles (EV:$3.66)
* $FREE: candle, gray, Pacifica, Moroccan chamomile apple 3x6" (EV:$3.90)
* $FREE: action figure, Wolverine, 2.5", 4 movable joints (EV:$5.00). Ours is not exactly like this one.
* $FREE: Iron Man, Flying RC Extreme Hero, foam airplane, EB Brands, item number: mv7170im (EV:$19.99, but I'm going to only say $5.00 because ours is in bad shape and doesn't have the remote.)
Taken within Garrett Deiter and Sarah Berger's art installation...
see: garrettdeiter.com/
for more info about the artists