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Dense growth of hemlocks, spruces, shrubs, and northern hardwoods, Loyalsock State Forest, Lycoming County, along the Old Loggers Path.
The Old Loggers Path is a 27-mile backpacking trail that traverses the dense second-growth forest covering the summit and slopes of Sullivan Mountain—land once owned by the Union Tanning Company and, later, the Central Pennsylvania Lumber Company. The trail is so named because it largely follows the logging roads and railroad grades that these companies left behind.
A mixture of colors that don't match, and a mixture of chocolate and other ingredients that made this yummy chocolate muffin.
Inspired by the wonderfully wacky Charlie & The Chocolate Factory. This tower is full of cupcakes topped with all kinds of sweets, from Marshmallows to Rolos, Dolly Mixtures to Green frogs. There are even 5 Golden Tickets! The giant cupcake was a delicious chocolate cake in a real chocolate candy case, complete with chocolate waterfall, toad stools, lolly pops and candy canes. Yum!
In this view to the southwest, the greenish foreground terrain (roughly the bottom half of the scene) is Canyonlands National Park. Beyond it is Glen Canyon National Recreation Area. They are separated by the unseen Green River.
Classic coke can shot in a tub of ice. Water droplets created by mixture of glycerin and water inside of a spray bottle.
This shot was taken on a dirt road leading to Kleifarvatn, the lake near KEF airport.
There were many light sources including into this shot; the car lamp, my torch, city light, faint northern light, and starlight.
Is there a connection with Bigg's (sic) Exmoor Hunt mixture?
An uncovererd business frontage in the new hip Shoreditch. From being a centre of manufacturing, it is now a hotbed of 24 hour fun.
A quick internet search reveals that James Biggs was a tobacco manufacturer here in 1869 according to that Old Bailey trial.
I think Bigg's Exmoor Hunt was quite unrelated, being Edwards, Ringer & Bigg , part of Imperial Tobacco Co. , at Redciliff Street, Bristol and later at Ipswich as part of Churchman's
In the 1881 census,
James Biggs Tobacco Merchant And Manufacturer, employing 18 Men 4 Boys and 17 Women, born 1829 Birmingham, was living at Westbury Lodge, South Weald, wife Elizabeth, [born Liverpool] children Elizabeth, James, Mary Edith Dora James and sister in law [visitor] Mary M Biggs from Tipton. Biggs had been living locally since about 1860 and was chairman of the local horticultural society. In 1881 they had one governess and four servants.
Sold in 1897.
Jan 5 1900 [London Gazette]
NOTICE is hereby given, that the Partnership heretoi.
1 fore subsisting between us the undersigned, James
Biggs and James Charles Biggs, carrying on business as
Tobacco, Cigarette, Cigar, and Snuff and Roll Spinners,
and Manufacturers, at 159, Commercial-street, E., 11,
Fleur-de-Lis-street, E., and 201, Shoreditch High-street,
E., under the style or firm of James Biggs and Son, has
been dissolved by mutual consent as and from the first
day of January, 1900. All debts due to and owing by
the said late firm will be received and paid by the said
James Biggs, who will for the future carry on the business
on his own account, at the above-mentioned addresses,
under the present style of James Biggs and Son.—Dated
this fourth day of January, 1900.
JAMES BIGGS.
JAMES CHARLES BIGGS.
London Gazette OCtober 1 1858
2101. To Edward Welch, of Saint John's-square,
Clerkenwell, in the county of Middlesex, and
James Biggs, of Norton Folgate, in the city of
London, Tobacco Manufacturers, for the invention
of " an improved tobacco-press."
1`9 July 1927
NOTICE is hereby given, that the Partnership
heretofore subsisting between James Charles
Biggs and me, the undersigned, William Montagu
Jones, carrying on business as Tobacco Merchants,
at 49, Exmouth-street, Clerkenwell, London, E.C.,
under the style or firm of REDFORD & CO., has
been dissolved as from the fourth day of July,
1927, by reason of the death of the said James
Charles Biggs. All debts due and owing to or by
the said late firm will be .respectively received and
paid by the said William Montagu Jones, who
will continue to carry on the said business under
the same style or firm of Redford & Co.—As
witness our hands this 18th day of July, 1927.
W. MONTAGU JONES.
SYDNEY WALES, as Solicitor for the Executors
of the said James Charles Biggs, deceased.
death of William Montagu Jones...
Formerly of 49, Exmouth Street, London, EC1 and 17,
Lloyd Square, London WC1 , but late of The Central
Hotel, London Road, Tunbridge Wells, Kent Tobacco manufacturer, died 9 December 1950.
For some reason, the packaging of Redford cigarettes gave the address as Exmouth Street "WC" rather than EC, the correct address. [renamed Exmouth Market]
James Charles Biggs' address was given as Exmouth Street and also Arbury, Broxbourne, Herts. died July 7 1924
I made this photo for a tutorial blog post on how to make your own cough mixture: hallosunny.blogspot.nl/2014/11/diy-zelf-hoestdrank-maken....
You can use it, but please link back to the original blog post.
A while back my photos actually won a prize in a photo contest at the Dollie Mixtures web site!
Contents of the prize package included assorted miniature Rement toys, variously scaled for Pullip, Monster High, or Pinky Street figures; hair-care products for dolls -- did someone notice my photo subjects are looking a bit bedraggled these days? -- and two packages of the appropriately named Dolly Mixtures candies!
I made this photo for a tutorial blog post on how to make your own cough mixture: hallosunny.blogspot.nl/2014/11/diy-zelf-hoestdrank-maken....
You can use it, but please link back to the original blog post.
I made this photo for a tutorial blog post on how to make your own cough mixture: hallosunny.blogspot.nl/2014/11/diy-zelf-hoestdrank-maken....
You can use it, but please link back to the original blog post.
Taken in June 2011, a photo of the rear Big Lemon yard. Five vehicles, only two remain at the company.
CNG powered Volvo B10L with Alexander Belfast body. Seen in Walsall Arboretum, these vehicles were initially used on the 529, a double deck route if ever there was one.
Leamington Spa has an excellent collection of Victorian churches, and St Mark's, New Milverton is one of my all time favourites (and a familiar sight having been driven past it countless times). This cathedral-like edifice was built in 1879 by George Gilbert Scott Jnr, and considered one of his best pieces. It displays a mixture of Decorated and Perpendicular forms in it's huge traceried windows, all executed in an attractive blend of stone and brick, an impressive addition to the landscape of the town and a major landmark in its own right.
Inside all is spacious and light, though subdued by much Victorian glass (all Hardman's in the nave along with some by Kempe in the chancel, whilst the huge east window is by lesser firm Cox & Buckley). The nave ceiling is plain and painted light blue, but the rest of the building has attractive rib vaulting, reaching a climax in the chancel where the design is busier with rich stencilling. The chancel windows are huge and combined with the soaring height of this space give the sense of a cathedral or major college-chapel. The 6-light east window here has quite peculiar tracery, with the central mullion absent from the upper register to enable a central crucifixion group to feature (an odd arrangement I've not seen elsewhere). The furnishings are contemporary with the church, the best bits being the organ case in the north transept (again by Hardman's) and the tapering font cover.
As an intriguing epilogue to this visit we were allowed access to the upper rooms of the tower, exploring its bell-chamber and peering out of its windows over the rooftops of Leamington (the tower roof beyond could only be accessed via a treacherous looking final ascent by ladder, thus my nerves pulled me back before I got halfway up!).
In pre-Covid days St Mark's was often accessible during the week via the church rooms around the back of the building as they were frequently in use. Hopefully this will be the case again once we emerge from the current crisis.
The coho salmon eggs from one female is placed into a bucket and sperm from a male coho salmon is added to the eggs. Then water (Penny Creek) is added to the egg and sperm mixture to aid in fertilization.
Location Quilcene National Fish Hatchery, Washington state
You are free to use this image with the following photo credit: Ron Wong/USFWS
A mixture of what is outside the tin can pinhole camera (coconut palms) and what is inside - a sprig of the wonderful Byfield fern, suspended between the looops of film and the pinholes.
Turmeric golden milk to treat many ailments .In Ayurveda turmeric and honey Mixture is considered the strongest antibiotic. When it combined both it treats many diseases like, cough, cold, acne, sore throat etc.,
Read more at :http://www.beautyepic.com/turmeric-and-honey/
Parked aircraft from the 401st Bomb Group at Deenethorpe, England.
Photo taken on Jan. 12, 1945. (U.S. Air Force photo)
Identifyable aircraft in photo:
"Duke's Mixture" aka "Tagalong" (IY-Q)
B-17G-80-BO Flying Fortress
s/n 43-38077
615th BS, 401st BG, 8th AF
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"Freckles" aka "Badland Bat II" (IY-M)
Lockheed/Vega B-17G-60-VE Flying Fortress
s/n 44-8371
615th BS, 401st BG, 8th AF
PFF radar equipped aircraft.
Shot down by flak on the Feb. 16,1945 mission to Gelsenkirchen, Germany. There was only one survivor.
MACR 12445
Capt. Stephen J. Lozinski - Pilot (O-803236) Vermont
--- KIA - Buried in Ardennes American Cemetery at Neupre, Belgium
Maj, Melvin G. Pfund - Co-Pilot (O-416888) Nebraska
--- KIA
1st Lt. Louis S. Rush - Navigator (O-886864) Iowa
--- KIA
1st Lt. Harold E. Hughes - Bombardier (O-752677) Missouri
--- POW
2nd Lt. David W. Bradfute - Radar Observer (O-2062636) Ohio
--- KIA - Buried in Ardennes American Cemetery at Neupre, Belgium
S/Sgt. Cyril I. Martin - Engineer/Top Turret Gunner (39923677) Utah
--- KIA - Buried in Ardennes American Cemetery at Neupre, Belgium
T/Sgt. Joseph A. Concino - Radio Operator (33499090) Pennsylvania
--- KIA
S/Sgt. Charles E. Smith - Waist Gunner (33376020) Maryland
--- KIA - Buried in Ardennes American Cemetery at Neupre, Belgium
Sgt. Joseph T. Bolen - Tail Gunner (13200592) Pennsylvania
--- KIA
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"Rough but Right" (IY-O)
B-17G-95-BO Flying Fortress
s/n 43-38779
615th BS, 401st BG, 8th AF
Received major flak damage on the Feb. 16,1945 mission to Gelsenkirchen,Germany. The crew elected to bail out over England instead of risking a landing. They all were returned to duty.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
no-name aircraft (IY-H)
Lockheed/Vega B-17G-25-VE Flying Fortress
s/n 42-97636
615th BS, 401st BG, 8th AF
PFF radar equipped aircraft.
The Central Highland line at this time was a mixture of 47s and 37s and considering the time I spent up here from 1988 to 1992 I kick myself when I recall seeing pairs of 37s on freight and passenger trains and photographing hardly any!
The Duff was renumbered to 47580 from 47167 in 1980 and then to 47732 in 1994. It was withdrawn in 2007 and preserved and is under the ownership of the Stratford 47 Group.
I think the old shed by the CCE siding is still present and intact.
A re-scanned and improved image.
The Imperial Ancestral Temple in Beijing has become a famous place for wedding photography for new couples.
I made this photo for a tutorial blog post on how to make your own cough mixture: hallosunny.blogspot.nl/2014/11/diy-zelf-hoestdrank-maken....
You can use it, but please link back to the original blog post.
I made this photo for a tutorial blog post on how to make your own cough mixture: hallosunny.blogspot.nl/2014/11/diy-zelf-hoestdrank-maken....
You can use it, but please link back to the original blog post.
St Peter sits on a small lane leading up from the old A20 London Road to the downs of Stowting and Wye, it sits apart from the village of the same name, and the closest building is now a farm, converted from the grand house it once served.
I came here about 5 years ago on Heritage weekend, and found it locked, as it has been on a couple of subsequent visits.
I came up here more in hope really, having to get past a large group of cyclists who we making hard work of the shallow slope, in fact I only got past them when one of their number got a puncture and the whole group stopped.
But the church was unmanned, but open, so my much postponed plan to attend one of the monthly services was now not needed.
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An absolute charmer – built of flint with only the adjacent Court for company. It is a simple two cell Norman church of flint but one which, despite Clarke’s ambitious rebuilding in the nineteenth century, has much to offer. Low in the south wall, now part of the French drain, is a medieval mass dial! It is in the infill of the original south door. The medieval tower was demolished by Clarke and the west door reopened into a nave with straightforward crown post roof. The glass is a real mixture, the south western window depicting St George having a really androgynous figure! The ledger slabs from the church were all moved to the vestry and include a rare inscription to someone who was drowned whilst racing the rapids through the old London Bridge. The chancel contains a good example of funeral armour. This church is well worth a drive to seek out.
www.kentchurches.info/church.asp?p=Monks+Horton
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MONKS HORTON.
THE parish of Horton, usually called Monks Horton, from the priory situated in it, as well as to distinguish it from others of that name in this county, lies the next southward from Stowting,
It LIES adjoining to the down hills which cross the parish, and though it has a variety of situation it is in the whole esteemed healthy. The high road from Canterbury called Stone-street way, leads over Hampton-hill, along the east side of it; above this it is a dreary forlorn country, the soil wretchedly poor, and covered with sharp flints, much the same as that in Stowting before described, but at the foot of the hill it changes to a better soil, and a much more pleasant aspect, in which part it may, in comparison of the lower part of the valley southward, over which there is an extensive view, be called high ground, which occasioned this part of it to be called formerly Uphorton; in which part of it is Mount Morris, standing in the midst of several hundred acres of dry pasture grounds, extending over the greatest part of this and into the adjoining parishes, which have been all open one to the other for some time; the trees and coppice wood, round the former inclosures, having been suffered to grow for many years natural and luxuriant, and being interspersed with other woods and plantations, form a scene uncommonly pleasant and picturesque for a long way round. At a small distance from Mount Morris, among these now uninclosed pastures, stands Horton court-lodge and the church. The western part of the parish is very low, wet, and swampy; the stream which rises northward from hence at Stowting, runs along this side of it by the hamlets of Horton and Broad street, and so on into the Post ling branch below Sellinge; here the soil is a deep, miry clay, though on the side of the stream there are some fertile good meadows, among which is Horton priory, standing in a bottom near the stream, below Broad-street, in a very low and damp situation, and so obscure and retired, having a large wood which reaches close up to it, that it is hardly seen till you are close to it. There is but a small part of it remaining; what is left is made use of for the dwellinghouse, being a long narrow building, of ashler stone and flints, seemingly of the time of king Henry VI though by the windows it appears to have been much altered at different times; and there are the remains of a tower at the east end, and a small part of a very fine, large, circular arch, with zigzag ornaments of a much antienter date, seemingly the great entrance into the priory, or perhaps the church of it; beyond which, still further eastward, that part which was taken down by the king's order soon after the suppression of it, seems to have stood.
At THE TIME of taking the survey of Domesday, Horton was part of the possessions of Hugo de Montfort; accordingly it is thus entered in Domesday, under the general title of his lands:
In Stotinges hundred, Alnod holds of Hugo, Hortone. Leuuin held it of king Edward, and it was taxed at half a suling. The arable land is three carucates. In demesne there are two carucates, and five villeins, with six borderers having one carucate and an half. There is a church, and one mill of twenty five pence, and twentyfour acres of meadow. Wood for the pannage of ten bogs. In the time of king Edward the Confessor it was worth forty shillings, and afterwards twenty, now sixty shillings. In the same place Alnod holds one yoke, of Hugo, but there is nothing.
The same Hugo holds three rood and a half in the same lath, which three sochmen hold of king Edward. There now one villein has half a carucate, with three borderers. It is and was worth separately ten shillings.
And a little further below, in the same record:
In Stotinges hundred, Ralph holds of Hugo, Hortun. Two sochmen held it of king Edward, and it was laxed at one yoke and an half. The arable land is one carucate and an half. In demesne there is one, with four villeins, and one mill of thirty pence, and ten acres of meadow. Of the wood there is pannage for six bogs.
On the voluntary exile of Robert de Montfort, grandson of Hugh above-mentioned, in the reign of king Henry I. his estates in this parish, among the rest of his possessions, came into the king's hands, whence they were, with others adjoining in this neighbourhood, soon afterwards granted to Robert de Ver, constable of England, who had married Adeliza, daughter of Hugh de Montfort, and they jointly, by which it should seem that she had a special interest in this manor as part of her inheritance, granted THE MANOR OF HORTON, alias UPHORTON, in the early part of the reign of king Henry II. to the prior and monks of their new-founded priory in this parish, to hold to them, on the payment of one marc of silver yearly to the church of St. Pancrace, of Lewes, as an acknowledgment. (fn. 1) It appears by the record of Dover castle, taken in king Edward I.'s reign, that the prior of Horton held one knight's fee in Horton, by the service of ward to that castle, being part of that barony held of it, called the Constabularie; so called from its being held as part of the barony of the earl of Bologne, constable of that castle in the reign of king Henry I. and Darell, in his treatise, says the possessors of this manor, among others, were bound to repair a tower in it, called Penchester tower; which service was afterwards changed for the annual payment of ten shillings in lieu of it. In which state it continued till the general dissolution of religious houses in the reign of king Henry VIII. in the 27th year of which, an act having passed for the suppression of all such, whose revenues did not amount to two hundred pounds per annum, this priory was surrendered into the king's hands; whence this manor, as well as all the rest of the possessions belonging to it, was granted by the king, in his 29th year, to archbishop Cranmer, and it continued part of the possessions of that see till the reign of queen Elizabeth, when it was by act again vested in the crown, where it staid till king Charles I. in his 4th year, granted it to trustees for the use of the mayor and commonalty of the city of London; whence it was sold two years afterwards to George Rooke, gent. of Mersham, from whose family were descended the Rookes, of St. Laurence, near Canterbury, now extinct. They bore for their arms, Argent, on a chevron engrailed, sable, three chess rooks, argent, between three rooks, sable. (fn. 2) His descendant Heyman Rooke alienated it in the reign of queen Anne to Tho. Morris, esq. of this parish, who dying without issue male, devised this manor by will to his daughter's son Morris Drake Morris, esq. and on failure of issue male in that branch, to the issue male of the said Morris's sister Elizabeth Drake, by her husband Matthew Robinson, esq. of Yorkshire; by virtue of which, their eldest son the Right Hon. Matthew Robinson Morris, lord Rookby, of whom a further account will be given hereafter, is now become entitled to it. A court baron is regularly held for this manor.
THE MANOR OF SHERFORD, alias EAST HORTON, was, in the time of king Edward the Consessor, part of the possessions of the abbot and convent of St. Augustine, being then esteemed as one yoke of land; but after the Norman conquest it was taken from them, and given, among much other land in this neighbourhood, to Hugh de Montsort, not withstanding the opposition which the monks made to it, which their chronicles say, was all in vain, and this manor is accordingly included in the description before-mentioned of his lands in the survey of Domesday. On his voluntary exile in the reign of Henry I. it was, with the rest of his possessions, seized on by the crown, and was most probably afterwards returned to the abbot; for in the 23d year of king Edward III. Sir Richard de Retling held it of the abbot at his death, that year, and left it to Joane his sole daughter and heir, who marrying John Spicer, entitled him to it, and in this name and family this manor continued till the reign of queen Elizabeth, about the latter end of which it was alienated by one of them to Thomas Morris, gent. of London, whose grandson Thomas Morris, esq. late of London, merchant, in the reign of king William, erected on the scite of this manor, on an eminence, a handsome mansion for his residence, which he named MOUNT MORRIS. He died in 17'7, having had an only son Thomas, who was drowned under London bridge, on his return from Holland, in 1697, æt. 23; and one daughter, married first to Drake, of Cambridgeshire, and secondly to the learned Dr. Conyers Middleton; by the former of whom she had Morris Drake, and a daughter Elizabeth, who married Matthew Robinson, esq. The family of Morris bore for their arms, Argent, a spread eagle within a bordure, sable. (fn. 3) Thomas Morris, esq. by will devised this seat, as well as the manor of East Horton, among his other estates, at his death in 1717, to his grandson Morris Drake, esq. who took the name of Morris, and afterwards resided here, and dying s.p. it came by the entail in the above will to his sister Elizabeth Drake, married to Matthew Robinson, esq. of Yorkshire, for her life, and afterwards to her issue. The Robinsons are originally descended from the Robinsons, of Strouan, in Perthshire, in the highlands of Scotland, where at this time there is a considerable and numerous clan of this name. The first of them, of this branch, who came into England, settled at Kendal, in Westmoreland, in the reign of king Henry VIII. After which William Robinson, of the eldest branch of them, resided at Rookby, in Yorkshire, which he had purchased in queen Elizabeth's reign, whose eldest son Thomas was killed in the civil wars in 1643, leaving several sons and daughters. From William the eldest, descended William Robinson, of Rookby, of whose sons, Thomas the eldest, was of Rookby, and created a baronet in 1730, but died s.p. Richard, the sixth son, was archbishop of Armagh, and primate of Ireland, and on failure of issue by his brother, succeeded to the title of baronet in 1777. He was created Lord Rokeby, of the kingdom of Ireland, with remainder to Matthew Robinson, esq. his kinsman, of West Layton, in Yorkshire, and his heirs male. He died unmarried in 1794, and Septimius, the seventh son, was knighted and gentleman usher of the black rod. Leonard, the youngest son of Thomas, who was slain in 1643 as above-mentioned, was chamberlain of London, and knighted. He left three sons and six daughters, of whom the eldest and only surviving son was Matthew Robinson, esq. of West Layton, who married Elizabeth Drake, by whom he became possessed of Horton during her life, as above-mentioned. He died in London in 1778, æt. 84, having had by her seven sons and two daughters. Of the former, Matthew Robinson Morris, esq. of Horton, twice served in parliament for Canterbury, and is the present Lord Rokeby; Tho mas was barrister-at-law, author of the celebrated treatise on Gavelkind, who died unmarried in 1748; Morris was solicitor in chancery, who died in Ireland in 1777, leaving two sons, Morris and Matthew; William was late rector of Denton, whose son Matthew is in orders, and his daughter Elizabeth is the second wife of Samuel Egerton Brydges, esq. of Denton; John was fellow of Trinity-hall, Cambridge; and Charles is barrister-at law, recorder of Canterbury, and served twice in parliament for that city; he has one daughter Mary, who married William Hougham, jun. esq. The two daughters were Elizabeth married to Edw. Montague, esq. of Allethorpe, in Yorkshire; and Sarah to G. L. Scott, esq. They bear for their arms, Vert, a chevron between three roebucks trippant, or. (fn. 4) By virtue of Mr. Morris's will, on the death of Elizabeth, wife of Matthew Robinson, esq. this estate passed immediately, notwithstanding her husband survived, to her eldest son Matthew Robinson, esq. who in compliance with the same will, took the additional name of Morris, of whom a full account has already been given before. In 1794, on the death of the lord primate of Ireland, unmarried, he succeeded, by the limitation of the patent, to the title of lord Rokeby, which he now enjoys. He is now entitled to this manor and seat, in which he resides, being at present unmarried.
IN THE VERY beginning of king Henry II.'s reign, Robert, son of Bernard de Ver, with the king's licence, founded A PRIORY in this parish, (on part of the demesnes of the manor of Horton) in honor of the Virgin Mary, and St. John the Evangelist, placing in it monks of the order of Clugni, and subjecting it as a cell to the priory of St. Pancrace, of that order, at Lewes, in Sussex. After which he, together with his wife Adeliza, daughter of Hugh de Montfort, gave to them their manor of Horton, with its appurtenances, and other lands and services elsewhere, the prior paying yearly to the church of St. Pancrace before-mentioned, one marc of silver as an acknowledgment. And they ordained that the prior of St. Pancrace, of Lewes, should have the management and disposition of the prior and monks of Horton, in the same manner as of his own, according to the rule of St. Benedict, and the order of Clugnt; and they gave to them besides, by different subsequent charters, several other lands, tithes, churches, and other possessions, and confirmed their former donations to it; and these were afterwards increased by others made at different times to it, as appears by the several charters in the register of it, and those again confirmed by Henry de Essex, by king Stephen, and by several different popes. King Edward III. in his 47th year, released this priory from its state of an alien priory, and made it indigenous, prioratus indigena, that is, upon the same footing as other English priories. In the 8th year of the next reign of king Richard II. the revenues of it, in temporalities and spiritualities, were valued at 98l. 16s. 8d.
In the reign of king Henry VI. they were taxed at 106l. 16s. 8d. though the total revenue of it was 117l. 12s. 6d. At which time, as appears by the register of the priory, there were here only six monks, with the prior, all priests and prosessed, though by their charter of foundation, they were to maintain thirteen monks, or if their revenue came short, at least eight. And in this state it continued till the 27th year of king Henry VIII. when this priory was suppressed by act, as not having revenues of the clear yearly value of two hundred pounds, the yearly revenues of it amounting to no more than 95l. 12s. 2d. clear yearly income, and 111l. 16s. 11½d. total yearly revenue, (fn. 5) and it was surrendered up with all its lands and possessions, into the king's hands, by Richard Gloucester, alias Brisley, then prior of it, who had fifteen pounds a year pension granted to him. (fn. 6)
The original of the register of this priory was formerly in the possession of the family of Rooke, afterwards of William Somner, of Canterbury; and a transcript of it was not many years since in the Surrenden library, though now in other hands. Among the Harleian MSS. are collections from the chartularie of this priory, taken anno 1648, No. 2044-38; and there is a manuscript chartularie in the Bodleian library at Oxford, Dodsworth LV, which seems to be that once in the possession of William Somner abovementioned.
THE SCITE OF THE PRIORY of Horton, with the possessions belonging to it, did not remain long in the hands of the crown, during which time however much of the buildings of it were pulled down and carried off, for the king, in his 29th year, granted them, subject to certain exceptions and payments to archbishop Cranmer, who that year conveyed them back again to the crown; whence they were next year granted, to hold in capite by knight's service, to Richard Tate, esq. of Stockbury, who was then in possession of them by a former lease from the crown. He was afterwards knighted, and in the I st year of Edward VI. alienated the scite of the priory, with the lands belonging to it, to Walter Mantell, esq. grandson of Sir Walter Mantell, of Heyford, in Northamptonshire, who bore for his arms, Argent, a cross engrailed, between four mullets, sable; but he being, with his nephew Walter Mantell and others, attainted and executed, for being concerned in Sir Thomas Wyatt's rebellion, in the I st year of queen Mary, this estate became forfeited to the crown, where it staid till queen Elizabeth, in her 13th year, restored it to his eldest son Matthew Mantell, to bold to him and his heirs male, whose direct descendants continued to reside in it for several generations afterwards, in one of whom it still continues, being at this time vested in Mr. Augustus William Mantell.
Charities.
WILLIAM FORDRED, by will in 1550, gave to this parish, among others, a proportion of the rents of twenty-five acres of land in St. Mary's parish, in Romney Marsh; which portion to this parish is of the annual produce of 4l. 12s. 4 1/2d. to be distributed annually to the poor, and vested in certain trustees.
The poor constantly relieved are about eight, casually four.
THIS PARISH is within the ECCLESIASTICAL JURISDICTION of the diocese of Canterbury, and deanry of Elham.
¶The church, which is dedicated to St. Peter, is but a small building, consisting of one isle and one chancel, having a low pointed turret at the west end, in which are four bells. In the chancel are two monuments for the family of Rooke, and several memorials for the Morris's, who lie in a vault underneath. In the isle there are monuments and memorials likewise of the Morris's. Against the north wall, over lord Rokeby's pew, is a curious tablet of vellum, on which is written a long copy of Latin verses, round it are ornaments, with the last-mentioned arms, and the date, 1647, seemingly done in needle-work, most probably by Mrs. Sarah, wise of Thomas Morris, gent. of Horton, who died in 1646, whose monument is here near it. There are no remains of painted glass in the windows. Richard Burcherde, of Canterbury, by will in 1534, gave three pounds to this church, to buy two tables of alabaster for two altars in the body of it, on one to be the story of our Lady, and on the other that of St. John; near them was the tabernacle of St. Nicholas; and he gave four pounds towards making a window, the same as that on the north side there.
The church of Horton appears, after the general dissolution of monasteries in the reign of Henry VIII. to have been vested in the crown, where it remained till the king, in his 34th year, exchanged the advowson of this rectory, among other premises, with the archbishop of Canterbury, and it has remained parcel of the possessions of that see ever since, his grace the archbishop being the present patron of it.
This rectory is valued in the king's books at 7l. 10S. 8d. It is now a discharged living, of the clear yearly certified value of forty pounds. In 1588 it was valued at thirty pounds, communicants 108. In 1640 it was valued at sixty pounds, communicants 180.
There was a decree made in the court of exchequer, on the complaint of Laurence Rook, then the queen's farmer, of the scite and demesnes of Horton manor, in the 39th year of queen Elizabeth, touching the payment of tithes to the rector of this parish, by which, certified by the queen's letters of inspeximus, a modus was established as having been time out of mind, for all pasture grounds, and of the dry cattle, and the wool of sheep and lambs feeding on them, and for certain sorts of wood mentioned therein.
Bryan Faussett, soon after he became rector, commenced a suit in the exchequer, for tithes due to him, in opposition to the above decree; but after carrying his suit on for several years, he dropped it, and the tithes have been ever since received by the succeeding rectors according to the above-mentioned decree.
Some Alfa tinkering this morning, checking and cleaning the carburettor mixture screws and changing the tired looking O rings that seal them. The screws themselves look fine, no sign of excess wear or being bent.
St Mary, Huntingfield, Suffolk
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It was the first day of the 2019 Easter holidays, and what better way to spend a Monday morning than heading off for a church-exploring bike ride rather than going to work? I caught the train up to Halesworth, and then cycled off out into the hills. The villages and their pretty parish churches come thick and fast around here, and almost all of them are open to pilgrims and strangers daily. There is a good mixture too, round towers, square towers, hardly-any-left towers, reed-thatched roofs, beflinted-porches, and all manner of treasures inside. A fair number of East Anglia's best small churches are in this area. But even given this variety, there is nowhere else in East Anglia quite like Huntingfield church.
This is one of Suffolk's more obscure villages, but the Huntingfield name was that of one of the county's most significant families. Huntingfield is the nearest village to the great pile of Heveningham Hall, with one of the largest Georgian frontages in England. It was rebuilt by the Huntingfields in the 18th Century. Standing on the road and looking across the sheep-scattered lawns to the great building, it is easy to imagine the gulf between the landed gentry and their poor workers in those days. Sandwiched between the traumas of the 17th Century and the energy of the 19th Century, it was the landowners of the 18th Century who had every reason to think that their world was permanent and unchanging, that it would always be as they knew it. Farming sheep, collecting art, patronising musicians, tinkering with primitive science and technology, dispensing benevolent largesse to the poor on their estate - it is a world that is at once attractive and appalling. For them, the Church of England was both an arm of the state dispensing laws, justice and charity, and the setting for the weekly liturgical reinforcement of the puritan-refracted Elizabethan settlement.
But the Industrial Revolution would bring it all to an end, and in more ways than one. In the second half of the latter century, many parish churches were drawn by the excitement of the age into major reconstructions and revisions. Their impulse came from Oxford, where the Tractarians had a vision of the Church of England as a national Church, no longer a protestant sect but restored to the catholicity of its roots, and from Cambridge, where the ecclesiologists decided what a building of the national Church should properly look like. As the young men graduated and were presented to parishes across the country, their ideas spread like wildfire. They had come from their univserities to churches fitted out for protestant worship, with whitewashed walls and box pews focused on the high pulpit, the rarely-used altar gathering dust in the chancel or even discarded. Preaching houses rather than sacramental spaces, and any surviving traces of the building's medieval life survived, perhaps, simply because they were not understood.
Essentially, what happened in England between about 1830 and 1870 was a cultural revolution, a new wave of ideas and the reaction to them. The litugical changes proposed by the Oxford Movement were, at first, objectionable, and then merely controversial. But gradually they seeped into the mainstream, until by about 1890 they had become as natural as the air we breathe. Galvanised by the ferment of ideas and the possibilities of the industrial age, these young men convinced their rich patrons, revolutionised their buildings, and in so doing altered their parishes forever. They often looked to London stars like Scott and Butterfield, or local plodders like Phipson, or else mavericks like Salvin. The demands of the new liturgical arrangements, coupled with a renewed sense of the need to glorify God, led them into what was often a rebuilding rather than a restoration.
Internal decorations were, perhaps, the bespoke work of the architect, Witness Phipson's meticulous attention to detail at St Mary le Tower, Ipswich. Other restorers relied on the big picture, a vision that encompassed walls and floors, but left the fittings to others. By the centenary of the movement in the 1930s, one Anglican clergyman could observe "It is as if the Reformation had never happened". Well, not quite. And now, the pendulum has swung the other way, leaving the ritualists high and dry. But the evidence of the energy of those days survives, especially at Huntingfield, where William Holland, the vicar, drove the Oxford Movement through the heart of the parish, like a motorway through a Site of Special Scientific Interest.
The Hollands were the patrons of the living, which gave them the authority and the money to reimagine Huntingfield church on a grand scale. Oxford and Cambridge universites were exclusively for men, of course, but it so happened that William Holland had an energetic and visionary wife. Between 1859 and 1866, Mrs Mildred Holland planned, designed and executed the most elaborate redecoration of a church this county had seen since the Reformation. For seven years, she lay on her back at the top of scaffolding, first in the chancel (angels) and then in the nave (saints on the ceilure, fine angels on the beam ends), gilding, lettering and painting this most glorious of small church roofs. Her husband kept a journal throughout this period, and there is no suggestion that she had any assistance, beyond that of workmen to raise the scaffolding, and a Mr E.L. Blackburne FSA, who was, apparently, an 'authority on medieval decoration'. J.P. St Aubyn was responsible for the structural restoration of this largely 15th century building, and it is very restrained and merciful. But you come here to see the painted roofs, which are perfectly splendid. You can activate the floodlighting with a pound coin in a box at the west end of the north aisle, and the illuminated work is breath-taking.
What else is there to see? Some 15th Century window borders in the east window of the south aisle depict hares and a little dog with a bell around his neck. And what is that at the bottom, a dragon, or a winged lion? Evidence of the church's continued High Church tradition into the 20th Century is in statues of the Blessed Virgin and child flanked by St Francis and St Dominic in a triple image niche set in a pillar of the north arcade. Was it originally for a rood group, perhaps above an altar? Any church is a palimpsest, history written and rewritten over its skin as a touchstone to changing liturgical imperatives and the long generations of its people. Across this canvas the enthusiasms and Huntingfield in Mildred Holland's time are writ large, and will last long.
And there is something else, and a great curiosity. Ann Owen, the Vicar's wife in the neighbouring parish of Heveningham, is also said to have been responsible for 19th Century work in the church there, this time in the form of stained glass. Visiting Heveningham, I am afraid it is difficult for me to find this convincing, although of course one likes to think it was so, and that the two women artists were friends, or possibly even rivals. But Mildred's story has been brilliantly captured in a recent novel, The Huntingfield Paintress by Pamela Holmes. Pamela tells me that 'it was a comment of yours about Mildred and Ann Owen which sparked my determination to write my first novel' which is very kind of her, although I am sure it was easy to be inspired when one stands here surrounded by Mildred Holland's work.
You might thnk that the towering font cover is also by her, but in fact it is her memorial, placed here by her husband, as is the art nouveau lectern. It is as if her art was a catalyst, inspiring others to acts of beauty. She died in the 1870s, predeceasing her husband by twenty years. They are both now buried by the churchyard gate. How fitting, that they should lie in the graveyard of the church they loved so much, and to which they gave so much of their time, energy and money.