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The osprey or more specifically the western osprey (Pandion haliaetus) — also called sea hawk, river hawk, and fish hawk — is a diurnal, fish-eating bird of prey with a cosmopolitan range. It is a large raptor, reaching more than 60 cm (24 in) in length and 180 cm (71 in) across the wings. It is brown on the upperparts and predominantly greyish on the head and underparts.
The osprey tolerates a wide variety of habitats, nesting in any location near a body of water providing an adequate food supply. It is found on all continents except Antarctica, although in South America it occurs only as a non-breeding migrant.
As its other common names suggest, the osprey's diet consists almost exclusively of fish. It possesses specialised physical characteristics and exhibits unique behaviour to assist in hunting and catching prey. As a result of these unique characteristics, it has been given its own taxonomic genus, Pandion and family, Pandionidae. Three subspecies are usually recognized; one of the former subspecies, cristatus, has recently been given full species status and is referred to as the eastern osprey.
The osprey is unusual in that it is a single living species that occurs nearly worldwide. Even the few subspecies are not unequivocally separable. There are four generally recognised subspecies, although differences are small, and ITIS lists only the first two.
The osprey is 0.9–2.1 kg (2.0–4.6 lb) in weight and 50–66 cm (20–26 in) in length with a 127–180 cm (50–71 in) wingspan. It is, thus, of similar size to the largest members of the Buteo or Falco genera. The subspecies are fairly close in size, with the nominate subspecies averaging 1.53 kg (3.4 lb), P. h. carolinensis averaging 1.7 kg (3.7 lb) and P. h. cristatus averaging 1.25 kg (2.8 lb). The wing chord measures 38 to 52 cm (15 to 20 in), the tail measures 16.5 to 24 cm (6.5 to 9.4 in) and the tarsus is 5.2–6.6 cm (2.0–2.6 in).
The upperparts are a deep, glossy brown, while the breast is white and sometimes streaked with brown, and the underparts are pure white. The head is white with a dark mask across the eyes, reaching to the sides of the neck. The irises of the eyes are golden to brown, and the transparent nictitating membrane is pale blue. The bill is black, with a blue cere, and the feet are white with black talons. A short tail and long, narrow wings with four long, finger-like feathers, and a shorter fifth, give it a very distinctive appearance.
In flight, Northern Territory, Australia
The sexes appear fairly similar, but the adult male can be distinguished from the female by its slimmer body and narrower wings. The breast band of the male is also weaker than that of the female, or is non-existent, and the underwing coverts of the male are more uniformly pale. It is straightforward to determine the sex in a breeding pair, but harder with individual birds.
The juvenile osprey may be identified by buff fringes to the plumage of the upperparts, a buff tone to the underparts, and streaked feathers on the head. During spring, barring on the underwings and flight feathers is a better indicator of a young bird, due to wear on the upperparts.
In flight, the osprey has arched wings and drooping "hands", giving it a gull-like appearance. The call is a series of sharp whistles, described as cheep, cheep or yewk, yewk. If disturbed by activity near the nest, the call is a frenzied cheereek
he osprey is piscivorous, with fish making up 99% of its diet. It typically takes fish weighing 150–300 g (5.3–10.6 oz) and about 25–35 cm (9.8–13.8 in) in length, but the weight can range from 50 g (1.8 oz) to 2 kg (4.4 lb). Virtually any type of fish in that size range are taken.
Ospreys have vision that is well adapted to detecting underwater objects from the air. Prey is first sighted when the osprey is 10–40 m (33–131 ft) above the water, after which the bird hovers momentarily then plunges feet first into the water.
Occasionally, the osprey may prey on rodents, rabbits, hares, other birds, and small reptiles.
The osprey has several adaptations that suit its piscivorous lifestyle:
reversible outer toes
sharp spicules on the underside of the toes
closable nostrils to keep out water during dives
backwards-facing scales on the talons which act as barbs to help hold its catch
dense plumage which is oily and prevents its feathers from getting waterlogged.
The osprey breeds near freshwater lakes and rivers, and sometimes on coastal brackish waters. Rocky outcrops just offshore are used in Rottnest Island off the coast of Western Australia, where there are 14 or so similar nesting sites of which five to seven are used in any one year. Many are renovated each season, and some have been used for 70 years. The nest is a large heap of sticks, driftwood, turf or seaweed built in forks of trees, rocky outcrops, utility poles, artificial platforms or offshore islets. As wide as 2 meters and weighing about 135 kg, large nests on utility poles may be fire hazards and have caused power outages.
Generally, ospreys reach sexual maturity and begin breeding around the age of three to four, though in some regions with high osprey densities, such as Chesapeake Bay in the U.S., they may not start breeding until five to seven years old, and there may be a shortage of suitable tall structures. If there are no nesting sites available, young ospreys may be forced to delay breeding. To ease this problem, posts are sometimes erected to provide more sites suitable for nest building. In some regions ospreys prefer transmission towers as nesting sites, e.g. in East Germany.
Egg, Collection Museum Wiesbaden
The platform design developed by one organization, Citizens United to Protect the Maurice River and Its Tributaries, Inc. has become the official design of the State of New Jersey, U.S. The platform plans and materials list, available online, have been utilized by people from a number of different geographical regions. Osprey-watch.org is the global site for mapping osprey nest locations and logging observations on reproductive success.
Ospreys usually mate for life. Rarely, polyandry has been recorded. The breeding season varies according to latitude; spring (September–October) in southern Australia, April to July in northern Australia and winter (June–August) in southern Queensland. In spring the pair begins a five-month period of partnership to raise their young. The female lays two to four eggs within a month, and relies on the size of the nest to conserve heat. The eggs are whitish with bold splotches of reddish-brown and are about 6.2 cm × 4.5 cm (2.4 in × 1.8 in) and weigh about 65 g (2.3 oz). The eggs are incubated for about 35–43 days to hatching.
The newly hatched chicks weigh only 50–60 g (1.8–2.1 oz), but fledge in 8–10 weeks. A study on Kangaroo Island, South Australia, had an average time between hatching and fledging of 69 days. The same study found an average of 0.66 young fledged per year per occupied territory, and 0.92 young fledged per year per active nest. Some 22% of surviving young either remained on the island or returned at maturity to join the breeding population. When food is scarce, the first chicks to hatch are most likely to survive. The typical lifespan is 7–10 years, though rarely individuals can grow to as old as 20–25 years.
The oldest European wild osprey on record lived to be over thirty years of age. In North America, great horned owls (Bubo virginianus), golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos), and bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) are the only major predators of ospreys, capable of taking both nestlings and adults. However, kleptoparasitism by bald eagles, where the larger raptor steals the osprey's catch, is more common than predation. The white-tailed eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla), which is very similar to the bald eagle, may harass or prey on the osprey in Eurasia. Raccoons (Procyon lotor) can be a serious threat to nestlings or eggs if they can access the nest. Endoparasitic trematodes (Scaphanocephalus expansus and Neodiplostomum spp.) have been recorded in wild ospreys.
from Wikipedia
The slightly sawn off range of the Atlas Works that fronted Paragon China on Sutherland Road, Longton in the Potteries. The left of the building originally extended further out to encompass an arched entrance and lodge, adding about 25% to the overall frontage.
This old potbank dates back to 1903 and was set up by Herbert James Aynsley and Hugh Irving, his son-in law, transferring the Star China business from St. Gregory's Works and changing their name to Paragon China.
It continued under this name as a family business until it was aquired by Thomas C Wld & Sons in 1960, the Paragon name was kept in place even though repeatedly changing hands. In 1964 Allied English Potteries took over and then in 1972 Royal Doulton Tableware Ltd. took ownership and traded designs under the Paragon name until 1991. Their Royal Albert ware was a Paragon design.
More recently this building operated as a factory shop for Aynsley China whose main worksoperated along Sutherland Road.
It is now home to Midway Manufacturing who specialise in electro-mechanical and electronic assemblies, long may they keep the building in use.
The car park to the front would appear to have been occupied by terraced housing on maps from the 1950's.
The doorway wasn't part of the original structure, it replaces a window.
I THINK that I shall never see
A poem lovely as a tree.
Joyce Kilmer. 1886–1918
339 on Tuesday, May 12, 2009 Explore
Made w/ an old map, my hand-dyed papers & a facsimile vintage label I just got from Cavallini. Oh, and also part of an older collage just ripped to pieces!
This time it is for real: this is Peirce's Quincuncial Mapping that turns a spherical panorama into a square, with the nadir in the center and the zenith in the four corners. This mapping is also tileable (see comment).
The previous images I uploaded were also a square projection, but the zenith and nadir are in the middle of the sides of the square (known as Adams World).
This image is part of a set exploring the different cartographical projections.
From Flightradar24 - two London flight paths on the 29 June - a day when there was no cloud all day.
--Weekly Explorer's Transmission--
--Log of Eagle-Eye Silver—
-- 21 Junali 3815--
Exploration of sector H09 and the local planet Wastyria has been rather uneventful. Unlike the insane predators of Arium Major, the chill of this cold water ball seems to have stifled the size of most native creatures—though there apparently are the Rockback Whales discovered by pilot Hannibal, I haven’t yet seen any yet. Perhaps they are both rare and reclusive? Anyway, with the lack of animal encounters on this planet so far, I’ve been mapping out as many of the tiny islands that dot Wastyria’s watery surface. The cold of the planet is just enough in most regions to freeze the ocean spray, but not enough to solidify the ocean water itself; so I bought down my Barracuda Special from orbit and have been skimming around the ocean at speed for a few days. The pilots and drivers sure think they’ve got a need for speed, but exploring is where the real fun’s at. We get all the fun toys from the engineers before those guys do, and since we’re the ones with the alien close encounters, we hang on to the good stuff! This little speedboat is amazing. It’s blindingly fast and incredibly maneuverable making it perfect for Wastyria with all its random rock piles sticking out of the ocean. Bombing around in this little baby for a few days has been a fun vacation from the crazy monsters I usually have to take out or run from. We’ll see where Lord Business sends me next week, maybe there’ll be more action.
--End--
This is a collection of images, infographics, visualization, maps... reached on Internet. Here the list of link for each visualization:
Emotional Cartography by Christian Nold
Hurricane tracker by Stamen
Cabspotting by Stamen
Is that enough?
The latest Mars image mosaic as seen through the lens of the High Resolution Stereo Camera on ESA’s Mars Express.
The mosaic comprises 2702 individual swaths of the martian surface, up to and including the spacecraft’s 10 821st orbit of the planet, which it completed on 30 June 2012.
In total, 87.8% of the surface has been mapped at any resolution, with 61.5% mapped at a resolution of 20 m per pixel or better.
Each white marker around the border of the image represents 10º of latitude or longitude.
For more information, and a much higher resolution of this image please click here.
Credits: ESA/DLR/FU Berlin (G. Neukum); images processed by F. Jansen (ESA).
Mapping Places graphic available for download at dryicons.com/free-graphics/preview/mapping-places/ in EPS (vector) format.
View similar vector graphics at DryIcons Graphics.
Projection mapping display CONVOLUTIONS BY EZ3KIEL(FR)
Singapore Night Festival 2017 - at the Singapore National Museum. =)
Reenactment Day at Constitution Island along the Hudson River between West Point Military Academy and Cold Spring, NY
Tried to motorize my 3d print & projection mapping expriment with a stepper motor and Arduino.
The projection doesn't properly stick to the object for now, I need to improve the calibration.
We have a subscription to the National Geographic magazine and this is a map that accompanied an article on the Russian war against Ukraine.
Did some tone mapping in Photoshop, bumped contrast as I like contrast, and then converted to B&W because it seemed to fit and work with this. Most images from Prague would be beautiful in B&W I suppose.
mini mapping vidéo réaliser dans une ancienne prison des années 1850 dans la ville de Le Reole en Gironde, France. Pour l’exposition/installation “Evasion” disponible jusqu’à fin aout 2018.
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video mini mapping realize in a old jail of the 1850s in the city of Le Reole in Gironde, France. For the exhibition / installation "Evasion" available until end of August 2018.
Testing mobile mapping of carbon-dixoide (CO2) in cities using the prototype DIYSCO2 sensor on car-sharing vehicles.
Part of album Urban CO2 Emission Mapping.
This method to map carbon dioxide emissions using mobile sensors on vehicles is described in: Lee J.K., Christen A., Ketler R., Nesic Z. (2017): 'A mobile sensor network to map carbon dioxide emissions in urban environments'. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, doi:10.5194/amt-2016-200.