To prolong the life of your new flat roof skylight, it’s important to schedule regular maintenance. While these types of window are generally designed to withstand a great deal of wear and tear, a few easy steps will ensure it continues to look its best and perform as expected.

 

Condensation on the outer glass of rooflights for flat roofs is entirely normal – it indicates that the thermal insulation is working as it should. But to prevent condensation from building up inside, ensure the room below is kept ventilated and properly heated year round. If you have an opening window, hinges should be greased every two to three years to lubricate them and keep them opening and closing smoothly. If possible, remove dirt, debris and leaves from around the flashing annually. This will prevent drainage problems. If your flat glass rooflight is covered with ice or snow for long periods, brush it off.

 

This ensures that when ice melts, the water flows away safely rather than pooling. That will help to stop damage to the window seal and surrounding shingles over the longer term, saving your flat roof skylight from developing leaks into the room below.

  

Demolition permit approved. The bridge was not maintained after the line to Koroit and Port Fairy closed in the 1970's. Heritage Victoria have approved its demolition.

 

Location

OVER MERRI RIVER, DENNINGTON, WARRNAMBOOL CITY

Victorian Heritage Register (VHR) Number

H0151

Level of Significance

Registered

Extent of Registration

1. The bridge structure marked B1 on Diagram 0151 held by the Executive Director

2. All the land marked L1on Diagram 0151 held by the Executive Director including 5 metres on the upstream and downstream sides of the bridge and 10 metres at either end of the bridge.

Statement of Significance

What is significant?

Dennington Railway Bridge is a long single-track railway bridge of timber-beam on timber piers construction built in 1890 as an important component of the Warrnambool-Koroit section of the Terang-Port Fairy Railway. The bridge spans the Merri River immediately west of Dennington township in an area of open treeless farmland making the long low bridge visible from a considerable distance.

Completion of the Warrnambool-Port Fairy sections of the railway allowed the rapid transport of fresh fish and crayfish from the coast and potatoes and onions from the Koroit area via the Dennington Bridge to the metropolitan markets of Melbourne and Geelong. The section of railway line between Warrnambool and Koroit for which the Dennington Railway Bridge was created, was also a key link-section providing access to a wide-ranging network of western Victorian railways linked up through major railway-junction points at Koroit, Hamilton, Horsham and Ararat. From the 1890s the railways were able to provide more efficient transport than road haulage to coastal steamers and competition to the shipping of Warrnambool, Belfast and Portland, that had previously provided the far Western District's main freight links with Melbourne and the wider world. The section of rail line from Warrnambool to Port Fairy that includes the Dennington Railway Bridge closed in 1977.

Dennington Railway Bridge was constructed to a standard 15 feet (4.6 metres) span length and comprises forty-one spans, giving a total deck length of 188 metres. It was originally constructed to the in the Victorian Railways standard design of 1877 with two piles per pier, braced with stay-piles. The bridge was subsequently converted to its present four piles per pier through the addition of a longer cross head and two outer raked piers as part of a state-wide upgrade of railway bridges following the introduction of heavier and faster trains after 1900. In most bridges this upgrade resulted in the removal of stay piles however at Dennington the main stream section of the bridge retains an extensive and intact system of stay-piles on both the up and down stream sides of each four pile pier, thought to be the largest remaining set of stay piles in Victoria.

How is it significant?

Dennington Railway Bridge is of historic and scientific (engineering) significance to the State of Victoria.

Why is it significant?

Dennington Bridge is of historic significance as a key component of the Terang-Port Fairy Railway, the final stage of east-west rail service connecting Geelong to Warrnambool and Port Fairy which, when completed in 1890, for the first time enabled the rapid and efficient transport of the agricultural and fishing produce from the far Western Districts to the metropolitan markets of Geelong and Melbourne.

Dennington Bridge is of scientific (engineering) significance to the state of Victoria in being the most intact surviving example of a large timber-beam rail bridge with an extensive system of stay-piles on either side of its main river-channel section. Dennington Railway Bridge with its deck length of 188 metres is also of significance as the fourth-longest surviving rail bridge built to the standard Victorian Railways fifteen-feet (4.6 metre) timber-beam-span design, developed in the 1870s. A small number of surviving early long timber railway bridges of this design include the bridge over the Wannon River on the Branxholme - Casterton line (1884, 293 metres); the Yarra Glen viaduct on the Lilydale Healesville line (1880s, 260 metres) and the Latrobe River overflow bridge on the Traralgon - Stratford line (1877, 242 metres).

The Dennington Bridge is of aesthetic significance at a local level for the contribution of the long low timber bridge to the rolling farmland landscape of the Western District.

Bangor bash Barban boys

 

by Roger Corbett

 

On a perfect afternoon for rugby, Bangor maintained their good winning streak by recording another bonus point victory against Dromore, eventually winning by 38-17.

   

With Bangor and Dromore looking secure in 3rd and 4th places respectively in the league, this game could have been viewed as a dead fixture. However, with Dromore no doubt wanting to reverse their earlier defeat, and Bangor wanting to maximise their points tally, the game was certainly competitive.

 

Bangor got proceedings underway, playing into a slight breeze that was blowing diagonally across the pitch. From the outset, Dromore used this slight advantage to gain good ground through well taken positional kicks. However, were equally happy to run the ball back and produced several good attacks in reply. In fact the home side could have been a couple of scores up in the first quarter, but the ball didn’t run for them at the crucial moments. However, the breakthrough eventually came when the handling across the backs was crisp and secure, giving Neil Cuthbertson on the right wing the opportunity to stretch his legs and dive over in the corner for a well-taken try. The difficult kick was missed, but the scoreboard had started in Bangor’s favour by 5-0.

 

The next twenty minutes were almost a copy of the first quarter, with Bangor making most of the attacking opportunities, only to be thwarted by a stubborn Dromore defence. For Dromore’s part, they also had their chances, and came close from a kick through that Cuthbertson managed to shepherd into the goal area and get the resulting twenty two drop-out. However, a slack response by Bangor handed the initiative back to Dromore who, after several surges, managed to push over for their first try in the right hand corner, levelling the scores at 5-5 with just a minute or two left in the first half.

 

Bangor’s reply from the restart was immediate and in complete contrast to how they approached the previous drop-out. Mark Thompson’s kick hung in the breeze, allowing Jamie Clegg to leap for it and continue running at the static Dromore defence. He then passed inside to Jason Morgan who then passed again to Mike Weir at outside centre. Although Weir had the option of Cuthbertson on the wing, he fooled the Dromore defence and made a charge for the line, just managing to squeeze over in the right hand corner. The conversion was missed, making the score 10-5.

 

With 2 minutes of stoppage time having elapsed, there was just enough time for Dromore to restart once more. However, another apparent lapse in concentration by Bangor in securing and then clearing the ball, allowed Dromore to come straight back and score an opportunist try in the corner and level the points at 10-10. As the referee blew for half time, the home supporters were stunned, feeling their side should have been well in front by this time.

 

As the teams turned around, Bangor produced their now familiar second half surge. Within 5 minutes, a good break by James Henly was stopped just inside the Dromore twenty two. Although the ball went to ground, good support play by Curtis Stewart saw him pick up and run through to score under the posts. Cuthbertson’s kick was good, and Bangor were back in front by 17-10.

 

An injury to full back Chris Morgan resulted in changes to both the forward and backs line-up, with Adam Rushe coming off the bench to take James Henly’s wing forward position, allowing Henly to move to outside centre, and moving Mike Weir to full back as a result. There followed a brief period of settling to this new structure, before Bangor struck again. Seeing a flat Dromore defence ahead of him, Jason Morgan chipped over their heads and began the chase for the line. The ball bounced favourably for him, and he just managed to gather and touch down ahead of the nearest defender. The kick was successful extending the lead to 24-10, and now with the additional bonus point.

 

Although Dromore maintained their own pressure, it was Bangor who were calling most of the shots. Just 7 minutes later, the ball went wide to Mark Widdowson on the left wing whose pace and footwork left several Dromore players floundering, before darting through to score under the posts. The addition of the simple conversion brought the score to 31-10.

 

With only 5 minutes remaining, Dromore produced a late push and brought play deep into Bangor’s twenty two. Although Dromore won their scrum close to Bangor’s line, it looked like Bangor had the attack covered. However a defensive mix-up left a gap that provided a simple run through for Dromore to score beside the posts. With the successful conversion, the gap had closed to 31-17.

 

Obviously annoyed by this mistake, Bangor came back at Dromore, forcing the visitors to concede a penalty inside their twenty two. Spurning the kick at goal, Thompson kicked for touch and an attacking line-out. With the ball safely won, Bangor started to drive forward, but the strong Dromore pack held it up. However, the ball was quickly recycled by Ricky Armstrong to Mark Thompson, who then passed to Jason Morgan who pushed off his tackler to score the final try of the day and, with the conversion, bring the final score to 38-17.

 

This was a good day for North Down sides playing Mid Down opposition. Bangor’s success against Dromore was matched by neighbours Donaghadee who produced an inspired performance to beat Ballynahinch 2nds and earn a place in this year’s Towns Cup final as a result – congratulations to all.

 

Bangor’s final fixture in this year’s league is away to Cooke next Saturday. The weekend is then topped off on Sunday afternoon with what should be a highly entertaining game between the Perennials and a Bangor Select XV. With several familiar faces from seasons past, this is sure to be a fun event, and one to come along and enjoy.

 

Bangor side: P Whyte, A Jackson, B Worthington (S Irvine), R Corbett, C Stewart , R Latimer, J Henly, J Clegg (c), R Armstrong, M Thompson, M Widdowson, J Morgan, M Weir, N Cuthbertson, C Morgan (A Rushe)

 

Subs: S Irvine, A Rushe

 

Bangor scores: N Cuthbertson (1T, 4C), M Weir (1T), C Stewart (1T), J Morgan (2T), M Widdowson (1T)

The Battle of Blenheim (German: Zweite Schlacht bei Höchstädt; French: Bataille de Höchstädt; Dutch: Slag bij Blenheim) fought on 13 August [O.S. 2 August] 1704, was a major battle of the War of the Spanish Succession. The overwhelming Allied victory ensured the safety of Vienna from the Franco-Bavarian army, thus preventing the collapse of the reconstituted Grand Alliance.

 

Louis XIV of France sought to knock the Holy Roman Emperor, Leopold, out of the war by seizing Vienna, the Habsburg capital, and gain a favourable peace settlement. The dangers to Vienna were considerable: Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria, and Marshal Ferdinand de Marsin's forces in Bavaria threatened from the west, and Marshal Louis Joseph de Bourbon, duc de Vendôme's large army in northern Italy posed a serious danger with a potential offensive through the Brenner Pass. Vienna was also under pressure from Rákóczi's Hungarian revolt from its eastern approaches. Realising the danger, the Duke of Marlborough resolved to alleviate the peril to Vienna by marching his forces south from Bedburg to help maintain Emperor Leopold within the Grand Alliance.

 

A combination of deception and skilled administration – designed to conceal his true destination from friend and foe alike – enabled Marlborough to march 400 km (250 mi) unhindered from the Low Countries to the River Danube in five weeks. After securing Donauwörth on the Danube, Marlborough sought to engage Maximilian's and Marsin's army before Marshal Camille d'Hostun, duc de Tallard, could bring reinforcements through the Black Forest. The Franco-Bavarian commanders proved reluctant to fight until their numbers were deemed sufficient, and Marlborough failed in his attempts to force an engagement. When Tallard arrived to bolster Maximilian's army, and Prince Eugene of Savoy arrived with reinforcements for the Allies, the two armies finally met on the banks of the Danube in and around the small village of Blindheim, from which the English "Blenheim" is derived.

 

Blenheim was one of the battles that altered the course of the war, which until then was favouring the French and Spanish Bourbons. Although the battle did not win the war, it prevented a potentially devastating loss for the Grand Alliance and shifted the war's momentum, ending French plans of knocking Emperor Leopold out of the war. The French suffered catastrophic casualties in the battle, including their commander-in-chief, Tallard, who was taken captive to England. Before the 1704 campaign ended, the Allies had taken Landau, and the towns of Trier and Trarbach on the Moselle in preparation for the following year's campaign into France itself. This offensive never materialised, for the Grand Alliance's army had to depart the Moselle to defend Liège from a French counter-offensive. The war continued for another decade before ending in 1714.

 

Background

 

By 1704, the War of the Spanish Succession was in its fourth year. The previous year had been one of successes for France and her allies, most particularly on the Danube, where Marshal Claude-Louis-Hector de Villars and Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria, had created a direct threat to Vienna, the Habsburg capital. Vienna had been saved by dissension between the two commanders, leading to Villars being replaced by the less dynamic Marshal Ferdinand de Marsin. Nevertheless, the threat was still real: Rákóczi's Hungarian revolt was threatening the Empire's eastern approaches, and Marshal Louis Joseph, Duke of Vendôme's forces threatened an invasion from northern Italy. In the courts of Versailles and Madrid, Vienna's fall was confidently anticipated, an event which would almost certainly have led to the collapse of the reconstituted Grand Alliance.

 

To isolate the Danube from any Allied intervention, Marshal François de Neufville, duc de Villeroi's 46,000 troops were expected to pin the 70,000 Dutch and British troops around Maastricht in the Low Countries, while General Robert Jean Antoine de Franquetot de Coigny protected Alsace against surprise with a further corps. The only forces immediately available for Vienna's defence were the imperial army under Margrave Louis William of Baden of 36,000 men stationed in the Lines of Stollhofen to watch Marshal Camille d'Hostun, duc de Tallard, at Strasbourg; and 10,000 men under Prince Eugene of Savoy south of Ulm.

 

Various Allied statesmen, including the Imperial Austrian Ambassador in London, Count Wratislaw, and the Duke of Marlborough realised the implications of the situation on the Danube. To maintain secrecy, Marlborough kept his plans hidden from both the Dutch States General and the Parliament of England. In the Dutch Republic, only a select few – Grand Pensionary Anthonie Heinsius, Simon van Slingelandt, Jacob Hop, and François Fagel – were privy to his strategy from the outset. In England, Marlborough confided only in Sidney Godolphin, Queen Anne, and her husband.[8] Marlborough, realising the only way to reinforce the Austrians was by the use of secrecy and guile, pretended to move his troops to the Moselle – a plan approved of by the Dutch States General – but once there, he would move further and link up with Austrian forces in southern Germany.

 

The Dutch diplomat and field deputy Van Rechteren-Almelo would come to play an important role. He made sure that on their 450-kilometre-long march, the Allies would nowhere be denied passage by local rulers, nor would they need to look for provisions, horsefeed or new boots. He also saw to it that sufficient stopovers were arranged along the way to ensure that the Allies arrived at their destination in good condition. This was of paramount importance, for the success of the operation depended on a quick elimination of the Bavarian elector. However, it was not possible to make the logistical arrangements in advance that would have been indispensable to supply the Allied army south of the Danube. For this, the Allies should have had access to the free imperial cities of Ulm and Augsburg, but the Bavarian elector had taken these two cities. This could have become a problem for Marlborough had the Elector avoided a battle and instead entrenched himself south of the Danube. Had Villeroy then managed to take advantage of the weakening of Allied forces in the Netherlands by recapturing Liège and besieging Maastricht, it would have validated the concerns of some of his Dutch adversaries, who were against any major weakening of the forces in the Spanish Netherlands.

 

Marlborough's march started on 19 May from Bedburg, 32 km (20 mi) northwest of Cologne. The army assembled by Marlborough's brother, General Charles Churchill, consisted of 66 squadrons of cavalry, 31 battalions of infantry and 38 guns and mortars, totalling 21,000 men, 16,000 of whom were British. This force was augmented en route, and by the time it reached the Danube it numbered 40,000 – 47 battalions and 88 squadrons. While Marlborough led this army south, the Dutch general, Henry Overkirk, Count of Nassau, maintained a defensive position in the Dutch Republic against the possibility of Villeroi mounting an attack. Marlborough had assured the Dutch that if the French were to launch an offensive he would return in good time, but he calculated that as he marched south, the French army would be drawn after him.[14] In this assumption Marlborough proved correct: Villeroi shadowed him with 30,000 men in 60 squadrons and 42 battalions. Marlborough wrote to Godolphin: "I am very sensible that I take a great deal upon me, but should I act otherwise, the Empire would be

 

In the meantime, the appointment of Henry Overkirk as Field Marshal caused significant controversy in the Dutch Republic. After the Earl of Athlone's death, the Dutch States General had put Overkirk in charge of the Dutch States Army, which led to much discontent among the other high-ranking Dutch generals. Ernst Wilhelm von Salisch, Daniël van Dopff and Menno van Coehoorn threatened to resign or go into the service of other countries, although all were eventually convinced to stay. The new infantry generals were also disgruntled — the Lord of Slangenburg because he had to serve the less experienced Overkirk; and the Count of Noyelles because he had to serve the orders of the 'insupportable' Slangenburg. Then there was the major problem of the position of the Prince of Orange. The provinces of Friesland and Groningen demanded that their 17-year-old stadtholder be appointed supreme infantry general. This divided the parties so much that a second Grand Assembly, as had existed in 1651, was considered. However, after pressure from the other provinces, Friesland and Groningen adjusted their demands and a compromise was found. The Prince of Orange would nominally be appointed infantry general, behind Slangenburg and Noyelles, but he would not really be in command until he was 20.

 

While the Allies were making their preparations, the French were striving to maintain and re-supply Marsin. He had been operating with Maximilian II against Margrave Louis William, and was somewhat isolated from France: his only lines of communication lay through the rocky passes of the Black Forest. On 14 May, Tallard brought 8,000 reinforcements and vast supplies and munitions through the difficult terrain, whilst outmanoeuvring Johann Karl von Thüngen [de], the Imperial general who sought to block his path. Tallard then returned with his own force to the Rhine, once again side-stepping Thüngen's efforts to intercept him.

 

On 26 May, Marlborough reached Coblenz, where the Moselle meets the Rhine. If he intended an attack along the Moselle his army would now have to turn west; instead it crossed to the right bank of the Rhine, and was reinforced by 5,000 waiting Hanoverians and Prussians. The French realised that there would be no campaign on the Moselle. A second possible objective now occurred to them – an Allied incursion into Alsace and an attack on Strasbourg. Marlborough furthered this apprehension by constructing bridges across the Rhine at Philippsburg, a ruse that not only encouraged Villeroi to come to Tallard's aid in the defence of Alsace, but one that ensured the French plan to march on Vienna was delayed while they waited to see what Marlborough's army would do.

 

Encouraged by Marlborough's promise to return to the Netherlands if a French attack developed there, transferring his troops up the Rhine on barges at a rate of 130 km (80 mi) a day, the Dutch States General agreed to release the Danish contingent of seven battalions and 22 squadrons as reinforcements. Marlborough reached Ladenburg, in the plain of the Neckar and the Rhine, and there halted for three days to rest his cavalry and allow the guns and infantry to close up. On 6 June he arrived at Wiesloch, south of Heidelberg. The following day, the Allied army swung away from the Rhine towards the hills of the Swabian Jura and the Danube beyond. At last Marlborough's destination was established without doubt.

 

Strategy

 

Prince Eugene of Savoy (1663–1736) by Jacob van Schuppen. Prince Eugene met Marlborough for the first time in 1704. It was the start of a lifelong personal and professional friendship.

 

On 10 June, Marlborough met for the first time the President of the Imperial War Council, Prince Eugene – accompanied by Count Wratislaw – at the village of Mundelsheim, halfway between the Danube and the Rhine. By 13 June, the Imperial Field Commander, Margrave Louis William of Baden, had joined them in Großheppach. The three generals commanded a force of nearly 110,000 men. At this conference, it was decided that Prince Eugene would return with 28,000 men to the Lines of Stollhofen on the Rhine to watch Villeroi and Tallard and prevent them going to the aid of the Franco-Bavarian army on the Danube. Meanwhile, Marlborough's and Margrave Louis William's forces would combine, totalling 80,000 men, and march on the Danube to seek out Maximilian II and Marsin before they could be reinforced.

 

Knowing Marlborough's destination, Tallard and Villeroi met at Landau in the Palatinate on 13 June to construct a plan to save Bavaria. The rigidity of the French command system was such that any variations from the original plan had to be sanctioned by Versailles. The Count of Mérode-Westerloo, commander of the Flemish troops in Tallard's army, wrote "One thing is certain: we delayed our march from Alsace for far too long and quite inexplicably." Approval from King Louis arrived on 27 June: Tallard was to reinforce Marsin and Maximilian II on the Danube via the Black Forest, with 40 battalions and 50 squadrons; Villeroi was to pin down the Allies defending the Lines of Stollhofen, or, if the Allies should move all their forces to the Danube, he was to join with Tallard; Coigny with 8,000 men would protect Alsace. On 1 July Tallard's army of 35,000 re-crossed the Rhine at Kehl and began its march.

 

On 22 June, Marlborough's forces linked up with the Imperial forces at Launsheim, having covered 400 km (250 mi) in five weeks. Thanks to a carefully planned timetable, the effects of wear and tear had been kept to a minimum. Captain Parker described the march discipline: "As we marched through the country of our Allies, commissars were appointed to furnish us with all manner of necessaries for man and horse ... the soldiers had nothing to do but pitch their tents, boil kettles and lie down to rest." In response to Marlborough's manoeuvres, Maximilian and Marsin, conscious of their numerical disadvantage with only 40,000 men, moved their forces to the entrenched camp at Dillingen on the north bank of the Danube. Marlborough could not attack Dillingen because of a lack of siege guns – he had been unable to bring any from the Low Countries, and Margrave Louis William had failed to supply any, despite prior assurances that he would.

 

The Allies needed a base for provisions and a good river crossing. Consequently, on 2 July Marlborough stormed the fortress of Schellenberg on the heights above the town of Donauwörth. Count Jean d'Arco had been sent with 12,000 men from the Franco-Bavarian camp to hold the town and grassy hill, but after a fierce battle, with heavy casualties on both sides, Schellenberg fell. This forced Donauwörth to surrender shortly afterward. Maximilian, knowing his position at Dillingen was now not tenable, took up a position behind the strong fortifications of Augsburg.

 

Tallard's march presented a dilemma for Prince Eugene. If the Allies were not to be outnumbered on the Danube, he realised that he had to either try to cut Tallard off before he could get there, or to reinforce Marlborough. If he withdrew from the Rhine to the Danube, Villeroi might also make a move south to link up with Maximilian and Marsin. Prince Eugene compromised – leaving 12,000 troops behind guarding the Lines of Stollhofen – he marched off with the rest of his army to forestall Tallard.

 

Lacking in numbers, Prince Eugene could not seriously disrupt Tallard's march but the French marshal's progress was proving slow. Tallard's force had suffered considerably more than Marlborough's troops on their march – many of his cavalry horses were suffering from glanders and the mountain passes were proving tough for the 2,000 wagonloads of provisions. Local German peasants, angry at French plundering, compounded Tallard's problems, leading Mérode-Westerloo to bemoan – "the enraged peasantry killed several thousand of our men before the army was clear of the Black Forest."

 

At Augsburg, Maximilian was informed on 14 July that Tallard was on his way through the Black Forest. This good news bolstered his policy of inaction, further encouraging him to wait for the reinforcements. This reticence to fight induced Marlborough to undertake a controversial policy of spoliation in Bavaria, burning buildings and crops throughout the rich lands south of the Danube. This had two aims: firstly to put pressure on Maximilian to fight or come to terms before Tallard arrived with reinforcements; and secondly, to ruin Bavaria as a base from which the French and Bavarian armies could attack Vienna, or pursue Marlborough into Franconia if, at some stage, he had to withdraw northwards. But this destruction, coupled with a protracted siege of the town of Rain over 9 to 16 July, caused Prince Eugene to lament "... since the Donauwörth action I cannot admire their performances", and later to conclude "If he has to go home without having achieved his objective, he will certainly be ruined."

 

Final positioning

 

Tallard, with 34,000 men, reached Ulm, joining with Maximilian and Marsin at Augsburg on 5 August, although Maximilian had dispersed his army in response to Marlborough's campaign of ravaging the region.[36][i] Also on 5 August, Prince Eugene reached Höchstädt, riding that same night to meet with Marlborough at Schrobenhausen. Marlborough knew that another crossing point over the Danube was required in case Donauwörth fell to the enemy; so on 7 August, the first of Margrave Louis William's 15,000 Imperial troops left Marlborough's main force to besiege the heavily defended city of Ingolstadt, 32 km (20 mi) farther down the Danube, with the remainder following two days later.

 

With Prince Eugene's forces at Höchstädt on the north bank of the Danube, and Marlborough's at Rain on the south bank, Tallard and Maximilian debated their next move. Tallard preferred to bide his time, replenish supplies and allow Marlborough's Danube campaign to flounder in the colder autumn weather; Maximilian and Marsin, newly reinforced, were keen to push ahead. The French and Bavarian commanders eventually agreed to attack Prince Eugene's smaller force. On 9 August, the Franco-Bavarian forces began to cross to the north bank of the Danube. On 10 August, Prince Eugene sent an urgent dispatch reporting that he was falling back to Donauwörth. By a series of swift marches Marlborough concentrated his forces on Donauwörth and, by noon 11 August, the link-up was complete.

 

During 11 August, Tallard pushed forward from the river crossings at Dillingen. By 12 August, the Franco-Bavarian forces were encamped behind the small River Nebel near the village of Blenheim on the plain of Höchstädt. On the same day, Marlborough and Prince Eugene carried out a reconnaissance of the French position from the church spire at Tapfheim, and moved their combined forces to Münster – eight kilometres (five miles) from the French camp. A French reconnaissance under Jacques Joseph Vipart, Marquis de Silly went forward to probe the enemy, but were driven off by Allied troops who had deployed to cover the pioneers of the advancing army, labouring to bridge the numerous streams in the area and improve the passage leading westwards to Höchstädt. Marlborough quickly moved forward two brigades under the command of Lieutenant General John Wilkes and Brigadier Archibald Rowe to secure the narrow strip of land between the Danube and the wooded Fuchsberg hill, at the Schwenningen defile. Tallard's army numbered 56,000 men and 90 guns; the army of the Grand Alliance, 52,000 men and 66 guns. Some Allied officers who were acquainted with the superior numbers of the enemy, and aware of their strong defensive position, remonstrated with Marlborough about the hazards of attacking; but he was resolute –[43] partly because the Dutch officer Willem Vleertman had scouted the marshy ground before them and reported that the land was perfectly suitable for the troops.

 

Battle

 

The battlefield stretched for nearly 6 km (3+1⁄2 mi). The extreme right flank of the Franco-Bavarian army rested on the Danube, the undulating pine-covered hills of the Swabian Jura lay to their left. A small stream, the Nebel, fronted the French line; the ground either side of this was marshy and only fordable intermittently. The French right rested on the village of Blenheim near where the Nebel flows into the Danube; the village itself was surrounded by hedges, fences, enclosed gardens, and meadows. Between Blenheim and the village of Oberglauheim to the north west the fields of wheat had been cut to stubble and were now ideal for the deployment of troops. From Oberglauheim to the next hamlet of Lutzingen the terrain of ditches, thickets and brambles was potentially difficult ground for the attackers.

 

Initial manoeuvres

 

The position of the forces at noon, 13 August. Marlborough took control of the left arm of the Allied forces including the attacks on Blenheim and Oberglauheim, whilst Prince Eugene commanded the right including the attacks on Lutzingen.

 

At 02:00 on 13 August, 40 Allied cavalry squadrons were sent forward, followed at 03:00, in eight columns, by the main Allied force pushing over the River Kessel. At about 06:00 they reached Schwenningen, three kilometres (two miles) from Blenheim. The British and German troops who had held Schwenningen through the night joined the march, making a ninth column on the left of the army. Marlborough and Prince Eugene made their final plans. The Allied commanders agreed that Marlborough would command 36,000 troops and attack Tallard's force of 33,000 on the left, including capturing the village of Blenheim, while Prince Eugene's 16,000 men would attack Maximilian and Marsin's combined forces of 23,000 troops on the right. If this attack was pressed hard, it was anticipated that Maximilian and Marsin would feel unable to send troops to aid Tallard on their right.[46] Lieutenant-General John Cutts would attack Blenheim in concert with Prince Eugene's attack. With the French flanks busy, Marlborough could cross the Nebel and deliver the fatal blow to the French at their centre. The Allies would have to wait until Prince Eugene was in position before the general engagement could begin.

At 9 a.m. on the day of battle Tallard, Maximilian, and Marsin climbed Blenheim's church tower to finalise their plans.

Tallard was not anticipating an Allied attack; he had been deceived by intelligence gathered from prisoners taken by de Silly the previous day, and his army's strong position. Tallard and his colleagues believed that Marlborough and Prince Eugene were about to retreat north-westwards towards Nördlingen. Tallard wrote a report to this effect to King Louis that morning. Signal guns were fired to bring in the foraging parties and pickets as the French and Bavarian troops drew into battle-order to face the unexpected threat.

 

At around 08:00 the French artillery on their right wing opened fire, answered by Colonel Holcroft Blood's batteries.[m] The guns were heard by Prince Louis in his camp before Ingolstadt. An hour later Tallard, Maximilian, and Marsin climbed Blenheim's church tower to finalise their plans. It was settled that Maximilian and Marsin would hold the front from the hills to Oberglauheim, whilst Tallard would defend the ground between Oberglauheim and the Danube. The French commanders were divided as to how to utilise the Nebel. Tallard's preferred tactic was to lure the Allies across before unleashing his cavalry upon them. This was opposed by Marsin and Maximilian who felt it better to close their infantry right up to the stream itself, so that while the enemy was struggling in the marshes, they would be caught in crossfire from Blenheim and Oberglauheim. Tallard's approach was sound if all its parts were implemented, but in the event it allowed Marlborough to cross the Nebel without serious interference and fight the battle he had planned.

 

Deployment

 

The Franco-Bavarian commanders deployed their forces. In the village of Lutzingen, Count Alessandro de Maffei positioned five Bavarian battalions with a great battery of 16 guns at the village's edge. In the woods to the left of Lutzingen, seven French battalions under César Armand, Marquis de Rozel moved into place. Between Lutzingen and Oberglauheim Maximilian placed 27 squadrons of cavalry and 14 Bavarian squadrons commanded by d'Arco with 13 more in support nearby under Baron Veit Heinrich Moritz Freiherr von Wolframsdorf. To their right stood Marsin's 40 French squadrons and 12 battalions. The village of Oberglauheim was packed with 14 battalions commanded by Jean-Jules-Armand Colbert, Marquis de Blainville [fr], including the effective Irish Brigade known as the "Wild Geese". Six batteries of guns were ranged alongside the village. On the right of these French and Bavarian positions, between Oberglauheim and Blenheim, Tallard deployed 64 French and Walloon squadrons, 16 of which were from Marsin, supported by nine French battalions standing near the Höchstädt road. In the cornfield next to Blenheim stood three battalions from the Regiment de Roi. Nine battalions occupied the village itself, commanded by Philippe, Marquis de Clérambault. Four battalions stood to the rear and a further eleven were in reserve. These battalions were supported by Count Gabriel d'Hautefeuille's twelve squadrons of dismounted dragoons. By 11:00 Tallard, Maximilian, and Marsin were in place. Many of the Allied generals were hesitant to attack such a strong position. The Earl of Orkney later said that, "had I been asked to give my opinion, I had been against it."

 

Prince Eugene was expected to be in position by 11:00, but due to the difficult terrain and enemy fire, progress was slow.[58] Cutts' column – which by 10:00 had expelled the enemy from two water mills on the Nebel – had already deployed by the river against Blenheim, enduring over the next three hours severe fire from a six-gun heavy battery posted near the village. The rest of Marlborough's army, waiting in their ranks on the forward slope, were also forced to bear the cannonade from the French artillery, suffering 2,000 casualties before the attack could even start. Meanwhile, engineers repaired a stone bridge across the Nebel, and constructed five additional bridges or causeways across the marsh between Blenheim and Oberglauheim. Marlborough's anxiety was finally allayed when, just past noon, Colonel William Cadogan reported that Prince Eugene's Prussian and Danish infantry were in place – the order for the general advance was given. At 13:00, Cutts was ordered to attack the village of Blenheim whilst Prince Eugene was requested to assault Lutzingen on the Allied right flank.

 

Blenheim

 

Cutts ordered Rowe's brigade to attack. The English infantry rose from the edge of the Nebel, and silently marched towards Blenheim, a distance of some 150 m (160 yd). James Ferguson's Scottish brigade supported Rowe's left, and moved towards the barricades between the village and the river, defended by Hautefeuille's dragoons. As the range closed to within 30 m (30 yd), the French fired a deadly volley. Rowe had ordered that there should be no firing from his men until he struck his sword upon the palisades, but as he stepped forward to give the signal, he fell mortally wounded. The survivors of the leading companies closed up the gaps in their ranks and rushed forward. Small parties penetrated the defences, but repeated French volleys forced the English back and inflicted heavy casualties. As the attack faltered, eight squadrons of elite Gens d'Armes, commanded by the veteran Swiss officer, Béat Jacques II de Zurlauben [fr], fell on the English troops, cutting at the exposed flank of Rowe's own regiment.[o] Wilkes' Hessian brigade, nearby in the marshy grass at the water's edge, stood firm and repulsed the Gens d'Armes with steady fire, enabling the English and Hessians to re-order and launch another attack.

 

Although the Allies were again repulsed, these persistent attacks on Blenheim eventually bore fruit, panicking Clérambault into making the worst French error of the day. Without consulting Tallard, Clérambault ordered his reserve battalions into the village, upsetting the balance of the French position and nullifying the French numerical superiority. "The men were so crowded in upon one another", wrote Mérode-Westerloo, "that they couldn't even fire – let alone receive or carry out any orders". Marlborough, spotting this error, now countermanded Cutts' intention to launch a third attack, and ordered him simply to contain the enemy within Blenheim; no more than 5,000 Allied soldiers were able to pen in twice the number of French infantry and dragoons.

 

On the Allied right, Prince Eugene's Prussian and Danish forces were desperately fighting the numerically superior forces of Maximilian and Marsin. Leopold I, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau led forward four brigades across the Nebel to assault the well-fortified position of Lutzingen. Here, the Nebel was less of an obstacle, but the great battery positioned on the edge of the village enjoyed a good field of fire across the open ground stretching to the hamlet of Schwennenbach. As soon as the infantry crossed the stream, they were struck by Maffei's infantry, and salvoes from the Bavarian guns positioned both in front of the village and in enfilade on the wood-line to the right. Despite heavy casualties the Prussians attempted to storm the great battery, whilst the Danes, under Count Jobst von Scholten, attempted to drive the French infantry out of the copses beyond the village.

 

With the infantry heavily engaged, Prince Eugene's cavalry picked its way across the Nebel. After an initial success, his first line of cavalry, under the Imperial General of Horse, Prince Maximilian of Hanover, were pressed by the second line of Marsin's cavalry and forced back across the Nebel in confusion. The exhausted French were unable to follow up their advantage, and both cavalry forces tried to regroup and reorder their ranks.[68] Without cavalry support, and threatened with envelopment, the Prussian and Danish infantry were in turn forced to pull back across the Nebel. Panic gripped some of Prince Eugene's troops as they crossed the stream. Ten infantry colours were lost to the Bavarians, and hundreds of prisoners taken; it was only through the leadership of Prince Eugene and the Prince Maximilian of Hanover that the Imperial infantry was prevented from abandoning the field.

 

After rallying his troops near Schwennenbach – well beyond their starting point – Prince Eugene prepared to launch a second attack, led by the second-line squadrons under the Duke of Württemberg-Teck. Yet again they were caught in the murderous crossfire from the artillery in Lutzingen and Oberglauheim, and were once again thrown back in disarray. The French and Bavarians were almost as disordered as their opponents, and they too were in need of inspiration from their commander, Maximilian, who was seen " ... riding up and down, and inspiring his men with fresh courage." Anhalt-Dessau's Danish and Prussian infantry attacked a second time but could not sustain the advance without proper support. Once again they fell back across the stream.

 

Whilst these events around Blenheim and Lutzingen were taking place, Marlborough was preparing to cross the Nebel. Hulsen's brigade of Hessians and Hanoverians and the earl of Orkney's British brigade advanced across the stream and were supported by dismounted British dragoons and ten British cavalry squadrons. This covering force allowed Charles Churchill's Dutch, British and German infantry and further cavalry units to advance and form up on the plain beyond. Marlborough arranged his infantry battalions in a novel manner, with gaps sufficient to allow the cavalry to move freely between them. He ordered the formation forward. Once again Zurlauben's Gens d'Armes charged, looking to rout Henry Lumley's English cavalry who linked Cutts' column facing Blenheim with Churchill's infantry. As the elite French cavalry attacked, they were faced by five English squadrons under Colonel Francis Palmes. To the consternation of the French, the Gens d'Armes were pushed back in confusion and were pursued well beyond the Maulweyer stream that flows through Blenheim. "What? Is it possible?" exclaimed Maximilian, "the gentlemen of France fleeing?" Palmes attempted to follow up his success but was repulsed by other French cavalry and musket fire from the edge of Blenheim.

 

Nevertheless, Tallard was alarmed by the repulse of the Gens d'Armes and urgently rode across the field to ask Marsin for reinforcements; but on the basis of being hard pressed by Prince Eugene – whose second attack was in full flood – Marsin refused. As Tallard consulted with Marsin, more of his infantry were taken into Blenheim by Clérambault. Fatally, Tallard, although aware of the situation, did nothing to rectify it, leaving him with just the nine battalions of infantry near the Höchstädt road to oppose the massed enemy ranks in the centre. Zurlauben tried several more times to disrupt the Allies forming on Tallard's side of the stream. His front-line cavalry darted forward down the gentle slope towards the Nebel, but the attacks lacked co-ordination, and the Allied infantry's steady volleys disconcerted the French horsemen. During these skirmishes Zurlauben fell mortally wounded; he died two days later. At this stage the time was just after 15:00.

 

The Danish cavalry, under Carl Rudolf, Duke of Württemberg-Neuenstadt, had made slow work of crossing the Nebel near Oberglauheim. Harassed by Marsin's infantry near the village, the Danes were driven back across the stream. Count Horn's Dutch infantry managed to push the French back from the water's edge, but it was apparent that before Marlborough could launch his main effort against Tallard, Oberglauheim would have to be secured.

 

Marlborough now requested Prince Eugene to release Count Hendrick Fugger and his Imperial Cuirassier brigade to help repel the French cavalry thrust. Despite his own difficulties, Prince Eugene at once complied. Although the Nebel stream lay between Fugger's and Marsin's squadrons, the French were forced to change front to meet this new threat, thus preventing Marsin from striking at Marlborough's infantry.[ Fugger's cuirassiers charged and, striking at a favourable angle, threw back Marsin's squadrons in disorder. With support from Blood's batteries, the Hessian, Hanoverian and Dutch infantry – now commanded by Count Berensdorf – succeeded in pushing the French and Irish infantry back into Oberglauheim so that they could not again threaten Churchill's flank as he moved against Tallard. The French commander in the village, de Blainville, was numbered among the heavy casualties.

 

Breakthrough

 

By 16:00, with large parts of the Franco-Bavarian army besieged in Blenheim and Oberglau, the Allied centre of 81 squadrons (nine squadrons had been transferred from Cutts' column) supported by 18 battalions was firmly planted amidst the French line of 64 squadrons and nine battalions of raw recruits. There was now a pause in the battle: Marlborough wanted to attack simultaneously along the whole front, and Prince Eugene, after his second repulse, needed time to reorganise.

 

By just after 17:00 all was ready along the Allied front. Marlborough's two lines of cavalry had now moved to the front of his line of battle, with the two supporting lines of infantry behind them. Mérode-Westerloo attempted to extricate some French infantry crowded into Blenheim, but Clérambault ordered the troops back into the village. The French cavalry exerted themselves once more against the Allied first line – Lumley's English and Scots on the Allied left, and Reinhard Vincent Graf von Hompesch's Dutch and German squadrons on the Allied right. Tallard's squadrons, which lacked infantry support and were tired, managed to push the Allied first line back to their infantry support. With the battle still not won, Marlborough had to rebuke one of his cavalry officers who was attempting to leave the field – "Sir, you are under a mistake, the enemy lies that way ..." Marlborough commanded the second Allied line, under Cuno Josua von Bülow [de] and Friedrich Johann von Bothmer [da], to move forward, and, driving through the centre, the Allies finally routed Tallard's tired cavalry. The Prussian Life Dragoons' Colonel, Ludwig von Blumenthal, and his second in command, Lieutenant Colonel von Hacke, fell next to each other, but the charge succeeded. With their cavalry in headlong flight, the remaining nine French infantry battalions fought with desperate valour, trying to form a square, but they were overwhelmed by Blood's close-range artillery and platoon fire. Mérode-Westerloo later wrote – "[They] died to a man where they stood, stationed right out in the open plain – supported by nobody."

 

The majority of Tallard's retreating troops headed for Höchstädt but most did not make the safety of the town, plunging instead into the Danube where over 3,000 French horsemen drowned;[q] others were cut down by the pursuing Allied cavalry. The Marquis de Gruignan attempted a counter-attack, but he was brushed aside by the triumphant Allies. After a final rally behind his camp's tents, shouting entreaties to stand and fight, Tallard was caught up in the rout and swept towards Sonderheim.[88] Surrounded by a squadron of Hessian troops, Tallard surrendered to Lieutenant Colonel de Boinenburg, the Prince of Hesse-Kassel's aide-de-camp, and was sent under escort to Marlborough. Marlborough welcomed the French commander – "I am very sorry that such a cruel misfortune should have fallen upon a soldier for whom I have the highest regard."

 

Meanwhile, the Allies had once again attacked the Bavarian stronghold at Lutzingen. Prince Eugene became exasperated with the performance of his Imperial cavalry whose third attack had failed: he had already shot two of his troopers to prevent a general flight. Then, declaring in disgust that he wished to "fight among brave men and not among cowards", Prince Eugene went into the attack with the Prussian and Danish infantry, as did Leopold I, waving a regimental colour to inspire his troops.[90] This time the Prussians were able to storm the great Bavarian battery, and overwhelm the guns' crews.[91] Beyond the village, Scholten's Danes defeated the French infantry in a desperate hand-to-hand bayonet struggle.[r] When they saw that the centre had broken, Maximilian and Marsin decided the battle was lost; like the remnants of Tallard's army, they fled the battlefield, albeit in better order than Tallard's men.[93] Attempts to organise an Allied force to prevent Marsin's withdrawal failed owing to the exhaustion of the cavalry, and the growing confusion in the field.[94]

Fall of Blenheim

Pursuit

 

... our men fought in and through the fire ... until many on both sides were burned to death. – Private Deane, 1st Regiment Foot Guards.[95]

 

Marlborough now turned his attention from the fleeing enemy to direct Churchill to detach more infantry to storm Blenheim. Orkney's infantry, Hamilton's English brigade and St Paul's Hanoverians moved across the trampled wheat to the cottages. Fierce hand-to-hand fighting gradually forced the French towards the village centre, in and around the walled churchyard which had been prepared for defence. Lord John Hay and Charles Ross's dismounted dragoons were also sent, but suffered under a counter-charge delivered by the regiments of Artois and Provence under command of Colonel de la Silvière. Colonel Belville's Hanoverians were fed into the battle to steady the resolve of the dragoons, who attacked again. The Allied progress was slow and hard, and like the defenders, they suffered many casualties.[96]

 

Many of the cottages were now burning, obscuring the field of fire and driving the defenders out of their positions. Hearing the din of battle in Blenheim, Tallard sent a message to Marlborough offering to order the garrison to withdraw from the field. "Inform Monsieur Tallard", replied Marlborough, "that, in the position in which he is now, he has no command."[97] Nevertheless, as dusk came the Allied commander was anxious for a quick conclusion. The French infantry fought tenaciously to hold on to their position in Blenheim, but their commander was nowhere to be found.[98] By now Blenheim was under assault from every side by three British generals: Cutts, Churchill, and Orkney. The French had repulsed every attack, but many had seen what had happened on the plain: their army was routed and they were cut off.[99] Orkney, attacking from the rear, now tried a different tactic – "... it came into my head to beat parley", he later wrote, "which they accepted of and immediately their Brigadier de Nouville capitulated with me to be prisoner at discretion and lay down their arms." Threatened by Allied guns, other units followed their example. It was not until 21:00 that the Marquis de Blanzac, who had taken charge in Clérambault's absence, reluctantly accepted the inevitability of defeat, and some 10,000 of France's best infantry had laid down their arms.[100]

 

During these events Marlborough was still in the saddle organising the pursuit of the broken enemy. Pausing for a moment, he scribbled on the back of an old tavern bill a note addressed to his wife, Sarah: "I have no time to say more but to beg you will give my duty to the Queen, and let her know her army has had a glorious victory."[101][s]

Aftermath

Marlborough and Cadogan at the Battle of Blenheim by Pieter van Bloemen

Battle of Höchstädt by Wolfgang and Vind

 

French losses were immense, with over 27,000 killed, wounded and captured.[102][103] Moreover, the myth of French invincibility had been destroyed, and King Louis's hopes of a victorious early peace were over.[103] Mérode-Westerloo summarised the case against Tallard's army:

 

The French lost this battle for a wide variety of reasons. For one thing they had too good an opinion of their own ability ... Another point was their faulty field dispositions, and in addition there was rampant indiscipline and inexperience displayed ... It took all these faults to lose so celebrated a battle.[104]

 

It was a hard-fought contest: Prince Eugene observed that "I have not a squadron or battalion which did not charge four times at least."[105]

 

Although the war dragged on for years, the Battle of Blenheim was probably its most decisive victory; Marlborough and Prince Eugene had saved the Habsburg Empire and thereby preserved the Grand Alliance from collapse.[106][1] Munich, Augsburg, Ingolstadt, Ulm and the remaining territory of Bavaria soon fell to the Allies. By the Treaty of Ilbersheim, signed on 7 November, Bavaria was placed under Austrian military rule, allowing the Habsburgs to use its resources for the rest of the conflict.[107]

 

The remnants of Maximilian and Marsin's wing limped back to Strasbourg, losing another 7,000 men through desertion.[104] Despite being offered the chance to remain as ruler of Bavaria, under the strict terms of an alliance with Austria, Maximilian left his country and family in order to continue the war against the Allies from the Spanish Netherlands where he still held the post of governor-general. Tallard – who, unlike his subordinates, was not ransomed or exchanged – was taken to England and imprisoned in Nottingham until his release in 1711.[108]

 

The 1704 campaign lasted longer than usual, for the Allies sought to extract the maximum advantage. Realising that France was too powerful to be forced to make peace by a single victory, Prince Eugene, Marlborough and Prince Louis met to plan their next moves. For the following year Marlborough proposed a campaign along the valley of the Moselle to carry the war deep into France. This required the capture of the major fortress of Landau which guarded the Rhine, and the towns of Trier and Trarbach on the Moselle itself.[108] Trier was taken on 27 October and Landau fell on 23 November to Prince Louis and Prince Eugene; with the fall of Trarbach on 20 December, the campaign season for 1704 came to an end. The planned offensive never materialised as the Grand Alliance's army had to depart the Moselle to defend Liège from a French counteroffensive.[109] The war raged on for another decade.[1]

 

Marlborough returned to England on 14 December (O.S) to the acclamation of Queen Anne and the country. In the first days of January, the 110 cavalry standards and 128 infantry colours that had been captured during the battle were borne in procession to Westminster Hall.[t] In February 1705, Queen Anne, who had made Marlborough a duke in 1702, granted him the Park of Woodstock Palace and promised a sum of £240,000 to build a suitable house as a gift from a grateful Crown in recognition of his victory; this resulted in the construction of Blenheim Palace. The British historian Sir Edward Shepherd Creasy considered Blenheim one of the pivotal battles in history, writing: "Had it not been for Blenheim, all Europe might at this day suffer under the effect of French conquests resembling those of Alexander in extent and those of the Romans in durability."[111] The military historian John A. Lynn considers this claim unjustified, for King Louis never had such an objective; the campaign in Bavaria was intended only to bring a favourable peace settlement and not domination over Europe.[1]

 

Lake Poet Robert Southey criticised the Battle of Blenheim in his anti-war poem "After Blenheim", but later praised the victory as "the greatest victory which had ever done honour to British arms".[112]

Notes

 

The village of Blindheim (Blenheim in English) lies on the Danube River, 16 km (10 mi) southwest of Donauwörth in Bavaria, southern Germany.

Historians have often argued that Marlborough kept his plans secret from the Dutch Republic because he believed they would never allow him to weaken the army in the Low Countries. However, this is not entirely correct. Marlborough could not undertake any action without consultation with the Dutch,[9] because without them, the army's logistics system would have simply collapsed.[10] Intensive consultations preceded the campaign and the four most important Dutch politicians knew of Marlborough's secret plan to link up with Austrian forces from the start.[8]

The initial force of 21,000 men were accompanied by 1,700 supply carts drawn by 5,000 draught horses. The artillery needed as many more.[13]

Barnett and Coxe states 45 squadrons and 36 battalions.

Chandler, p. 131, states that many men were lost on the return journey through desertion.

Prince Eugene had doubts about the reliability of Margrave Louis William, for he was a close friend of Maximilian. It was even suspected that Margrave Louis William was secretly corresponding with his old comrade.[24]

Lynn (2013, p. 290) states that the march-rate was not unprecedented for the period, averaging 12 km (7+1⁄2 mi) per day. What stands out was the total distance covered and the fine condition of the troops when they arrived.

The Allied march was not without loss; some 900 men were lost to desertion or sickness, though this figure was low considering the length and pace of the march over bad roads and in poor weather and many of the sick later rejoined the army.[29]

Lynn (2013, p. 290) states Tallard reached Augsburg on 3 August.

Modern historians including Falkner, Holmes and David consider this may have been a device to get the "cautious and obstructive Margrave out of the way". In a letter of 31 July 1704 Marlborough assured the Dutch statesman Anthonie Heinsius that the decision to commence a siege was sound.[38][37][39]

The French had captured four prisoners. Under examination they declared that the whole Allied army was going to move off towards Nördlingen the next morning.[42]

Several sources[50] suggest that Marlborough had planted this corroborative 'evidence' for Tallard.

Churchill states 08:30.[53]

Two of Rowe's staff officers were killed trying to carry him away: Lieutenant Colonel Dalyell and Major Campbell.[61]

Churchill[62] and Coxe state only three squadrons of Gens d'Armes. Rowe's own regiment lost their colours, but they were soon retrieved by the Hessians.

Tallard later recorded – "At this moment I saw the hope of victory."[80]

Churchill states[87] that it was the "greater part" of 2,000 men who drowned.

Danish infantry suffered 2,401 casualties (including 1,350 killed) fighting for possession of the woods beyond Lutzingen [92]

The message was carried to London by Colonel Daniel Parke.[101]

 

Churchill states 171 standards and 129 colours.[110]

 

References

 

Lynn 2013, p. 294.

Chandler 2003, p. 124.

Lynn 2013, p. 285.

Chandler 2003, p. 125.

Tucker 2009, pp. 693–694.

Tucker 2015, p. 200.

Chandler 2003, p. 127.

Nimwegen 1995, p. 135.

Nimwegen 2020, pp. 270–272.

Ostwald 2000, p. 664.

Churchill 1934, p. 324.

Chandler 2003, p. 128.

Phelan 1990, p. 36.

Falkner 2004, p. 19.

Chandler 2003, p. 129.

Webb 2013, p. 59.

Wijn 1956, pp. 409–410.

Falkner 2004, p. 20.

Tincey 2004, p. 31.

Falkner 2004, p. 22.

Barnett 1999, p. 89.

Barnett 1999, p. 91.

Falkner 2004, p. 23.

Falkner 2004, p. 25.

Chandler 2003, p. 132.

Chandler 2003, p. 133.

Lynn 2013, p. 287.

Chandler 2003, p. 131.

Falkner 2014, p. 52.

Falkner 2004, p. 26.

Falkner 2004, p. 40.

Henderson 1966, p. 103.

Chandler 2003, p. 139.

Falkner 2004, p. 41.

Spencer 2005, p. 215.

Falkner 2004, p. 44.

Holmes 2008, p. 279.

Falkner 2014, p. 66.

David 2012, p. 103.

Falkner 2004, p. 47.

Chandler 2003, p. 141.

Churchill 2002, p. 842.

Coxe 1847, p. 188.

De Witt 1912.

Barnett 1999, p. 106.

Falkner 2004, p. 57.

Caddick-Adams 2001, pp. 133–135.

Chandler 1964, p. 37.

Barnett 1999, p. 108.

Churchill 1934, p. 433.

Barnett 1999, p. 109.

Falkner 2004, p. 82.

Churchill 1934, p. 438.

Churchill 2002, p. 848.

Falkner 2004, p. 58.

Falkner 2004, p. 61.

Falkner 2004, p. 62.

Falkner 2004, p. 63.

Churchill 2002, p. 852.

Falkner 2004, p. 66.

Churchill 2002, p. 853.

Churchill 1934, p. 445.

Falkner 2004, p. 68.

Chandler 1998, p. 145.

Falkner 2004, p. 70.

Spencer 2005, p. 270.

Falkner 2004, p. 71.

Tincey 2004, p. 67.

Spencer 2005, p. 268.

Falkner 2004, p. 73.

Falkner 2008, pp. 49–50.

Falkner 2008, p. 50.

Falkner 2004, p. 76.

Churchill 2002, p. 856.

Falkner 2004, p. 77.

Falkner 2004, p. 78.

Falkner 2004, p. 117.

Falkner 2008, p. 53.

Spencer 2005, p. 264.

Falkner 2004, p. 80.

Falkner 2008, p. 54.

Chandler 1998, p. 161.

Falkner 2004, p. 81.

Churchill 2002, p. 858.

Falkner 2004, p. 86.

Churchill 2002, p. 860.

Churchill 1934, p. 456.

Falkner 2004, p. 90.

Tincey 2004, p. 85.

McKay 1977, p. 86.

Falkner 2004, p. 91.

Falkner 2008, p. 58.

Falkner 2008, pp. 62–63.

Falkner 2008, p. 63.

Spencer 2005, p. 294.

Falkner 2004, p. 95.

Churchill 2002, p. 865.

Spencer 2005, p. 291.

Churchill 2002, p. 867.

Falkner 2004, p. 98.

Barnett 1999, p. 121.

Clodfelter 2017, p. 185.

Barnett 1999, p. 122.

Chandler 2003, p. 149.

Falkner 2004, p. 103.

McKay 1977, p. 88.

Lynn 2013, p. 293.

Tincey 2004, p. 88.

Weigley 2004, p. 87.

Churchill 1934, p. 466.

Creasy 1851, p. 154.

 

Speck 2006, pp. 79–80.

 

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Ostwald, Jamel (2000). ""The 'Decisive' Battle of Ramillies, 1706: Prerequisites for Decisiveness in Early Modern Warfare."". The Journal of Military History. 42 (3): 649–677. doi:10.2307/120864. JSTOR 44224692.

Phelan, Ivan P. (1990). "Marlborough as Logistician (Continued)". Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research. 68 (273): 36–48. ISSN 0037-9700. JSTOR 44224692.

Speck, William Arthur (2006). Robert Southey: Entire Man of Letters. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-11681-0.

Spencer, Charles (2005). Blenheim: Battle for Europe. Phoenix. ISBN 978-0-304-36704-7.

Tincey, John (2004). Blenheim 1704: The Duke of Marlborough's Masterpiece. Osprey Publishing Ltd. ISBN 978-1-84176-771-0.

Tucker, Spencer C., ed. (2009). A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East. Vol. 2. ABC-CLIO.

Tucker, Spencer C. (2015). Wars That Changed History: 50 of the World's Greatest Conflicts. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-61069-786-6.

Webb, Stephen Saunders (2013). Marlborough's America. New York: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-17859-3.

Weigley, Russell F. (2004). The Age of Battles: The Quest for Decisive Warfare from Breitenfeld to Waterloo. Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-21707-3.

De Witt, Huberts (1912). "Vleertman". Nieuw Nederlandsch Biografisch Woordenboek (NNBW). Deel 3.

Wijn, J.W. (1956). Het Staatsche Leger: Deel VIII Het tijdperk van de Spaanse Successieoorlog (The Dutch States Army: Part VIII The era of the War of the Spanish Succession) (in Dutch). Martinus Nijhoff.

 

External links

 

Texts on Wikisource:

Marlborough's note to his wife Sarah at the end of the Battle of Blenheim

"The Battle of Blenheim", a poem by Robert Southey

The Fifteen Decisive Battles of the World § Chapter XI. "The Battle of Blenheim, 1704"

Text on the Column of Victory in the grounds of Blenheim Palace

 

Authority control databases: National Edit this at Wikidata

 

United StatesCzech RepublicIsrael

 

Categories:

 

Battles involving BavariaBattles involving EnglandBattles involving FranceBattles involving Hesse-KasselBattles involving the Dutch RepublicBattles of the War of the Spanish SuccessionConflicts in 17041704 in EuropeBattles involving the Holy Roman EmpireBattles involving Prussia

 

This page was last edited on 11 Februar

MANEUVER AREA TRAINING EQUIPMENT SITE, Fort Stewart, Ga., April 5, 2016 – Brigadier General Thomas Carden, commander of the Georgia Army National Guard, meets with Georgia Army National Guard Soldiers of the Maneuver Area Training Equipment Site at Fort Stewart, Ga.

 

Georgia National Guard photo by Capt. William Carraway | Released

 

Maintainers from the 419th and 388th Fighter Wings, Hill Air Force Base, Utah, conduct preflight checks on a Lockheed Martin F-35A "Lightning II" from Hill Air Force Base, Utah, during Red Flag 17-1 at Nellis Air Force Base, Nev., Jan. 24, 2017. The F-35’s multi-role capabilities allows it to perform missions which traditionally required numerous specialized aircraft.

This ZARA studded handbag will help you keep your everyday essentials handy while you are on the move. Made of leather, this handbag is long-lasting as well as easy to maintain. This handbag can store more than what you expect. more details below.

 

To Buy Now : goo.gl/9vh8kN

‪#‎trendy‬ ‪#‎zara‬ ‪#‎handbags‬ ‪#‎sling‬

Edgewater, Chicago, Illinois.

Wednesday, March 7, 2018.

Baltic CECCATO wash

 

A well-maintained vehicle fleet is the best business card for any private or public transport company.

 

This need is met by the new versatile "baltic" system from CECCATO which is the ideal response to maintenance problems, allowing the most diverse types of vehicles to be washed in a completely automatic way, such as cars, vans, buses, trucks, articulated buses, with costs particularly contained management.

 

Construction details:

 

-Structure in thick, hot-dip galvanized sheet metal. This process allows for a seven-year guarantee against perforating corrosion.

 

- Portal movement with two towing gear motors.

 

-Safety anti-tipping devices.

 

- Plant controlled by PLC for greater flexibility of operation and management problems.

 

- Dispensing of chemical products with dosing pumps for an optimal containment of consumptions.

 

All the movements are of the electric type, therefore it does not need to be powered by compressed air. The electrical cabinet, mounted on board, is completely watertight and is equipped with an electric safety door lock.

 

The system is designed for up to 14 different washing programs.

   

TECHNICAL DATA:

 

Max plant height: 5 mt

 

Max plant width: 4.6 meters

 

Max plant length: 2.8 mt

 

Useful washing height: 4.2 mt

 

Useful washing width: 2.7 meters

 

Rail gauge: 3.78 mt

 

Rail length: 18/26 mt

 

Translation speed: 6 mt / min

 

Max absorbed power: 4.5 Kw

 

Water consumption: 80 lt / min

 

Plant weight: 1800 Kg.

Every effort is being made to maintain the architectural and historic integrity of this beautiful art deco building, while also bringing it up to contemporary museum standards. In the Assembly Hall the mahogany woodwork has been cleaned and preserved. The decorative plasterwork on the ceilings has been restored. Photo taken November 7, 2018. Courtesy of the Missouri Historical Society.

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We no longer maintain a separate Friends and Family status or have pictures tagged as Friends, Family, or Friends and Family. All photos we are willing to post will be tagged as Public and available to everyone. Any photos that have been tagged previously as F&F will either be tagged as Public or moved to our Private page. Too many requests were coming in from individuals who did not read our profile and I simply do not want to maintain separate tags on our photos any longer.

 

We do not care how many favorites you select from our photo stream, but a couple of comments along the way would be nice.

 

We appreciate comments and playful banter among our fans, we thank you for that! However, be warned, we will not tolerate disrespectful, lewd, crude and/or excessively vulgar comments! Any comments made that fit into this category will be ignored and will result in you being banned. We do not have time for those who wish to converse in this manner.

 

If you do not like our content, poses, facial expressions, or the photo stream in general, simply move along and do not spread your negativity here! Constructive criticism is always welcome, but there is a line that can be crossed. We are simple amateurs, neither one a professional, and we are not getting paid to do this. Those who feel the need to spew negativity will simply be banned, removing any insolent comments you insist on sharing.

 

Please feel free to invite our stuff to your groups. If you do, please ensure we are invited to any "private" groups before we will add our photos.

 

Thanks to everyone who encourages and supports our photo stream.

  

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Hajvery University has a good culture of organizing seminars, conferences and workshops for its graduate and postgraduate students and faculty. Maintaining this habit, one day seminar on “Drug Act and Future Health Care Challenges” was organized at euro campus of Hajvery University, Lahore on 21st January 2014. The students and faculty of Pharmacy were actively involved in in organizing and managing this seminar. Stall of alternative medicines was exhibited by BM (private) Ltd. Live coverage of the whole seminar was done by Pharmanews.

Many speakers and guests from Drug Regulatory Authority of Pakistan and Pharmaceutical Industries were present on that day. Invited speakers of the day include Mr. Saleem Khan (Director, OTC and Health Products), Mr. Abdul Sattar Surani (Deputy Director, OTC and Health Products), Mr. Ayaz Ali Khan (Chief Drug Controller, Lahore), Dr. Zeba Ahmed Shuja (Director Technical, Shazoo Zaka pvt Ltd), Mr. Amanullah Bismil (CEO, BM private Ltd), Mr. Zia Husain (Federal Inspector of Drugs, Drug Regulatory Authority Pakistan, Lahore), Mr. Noor Mohammad Mahar (Technical Member, European Nutraceutical Associate Switzerland/Media Secretary Pakistan Pharmacist Association), Mr. Syed Alvi (CEO, Calgan Phytopharma). All these guests were warmly welcomed by the reception team comprising of pharmacy faculty and students.

The seminar was started by the hosts Miss Hira Seerat and Saira Sami Khan by welcoming all the respected speakers and guests. Recitation of Holy Quran was done by Hafiz Hafeez Ullah. Prof. Then, Prof. Dr. Khaild Pervaiz, Rector of Hajvery University has formally welcomed all the speakers and guests in his address. Then the hosts, Tayyaba Riaz and Hina Khalid invited and introduced the respected speakers on the stage one by one. The first speaker of the day was Mr. Saleem Khan and delivered his presentation addressing the topic Alternative System of Medicines. The hosts thanked him and invited Dr. Zeba Ahmed Shuja, she told about The Active Ingredients. The next speaker, Mr. Amanullah Bismil came and told the audience about Quality Assurance Parameters for Manufacturing. After him, Mr. Abdul Sattar Surani came and shared his data related to Drug Control then Mr. Zia Husnain came and done his presentation on Use of Complementary and Alternative Medication. The next speaker was Mr. Noor Muhammad Mahar and told the listeners about Pharma Business Future and Health Laws. After him, Mr. Ayaz Ali Khan came and shared his awareness and discussed about Drug Control Management in Punjab while he was delivering his knowledge, the Chief Guest of the day, Mr. Rana Iqbal (Speaker of Punjab Assembly) came. All the students, teachers and guests warmly welcomed him and give standing ovation. Rector of Hajvery University gave the short introduction of speaker of Punjab Assembly and welcomed him. After that, Speaker Assembly was invited on the stage to say few words related to the seminar and efforts of Hajvery University. He thanked and was very happy for having him on the seminar. He gave very powerful and devotional speech on the pharmacist’s role and future. Then the souvenir were represented to the sespected speakers of the seminar by the Chief Guest. Chairman, Board of Governors, Mr. Atif Mushtaq has offered memento to the honor able chief guest. In last Director Foreign Affairs and Planning, Mr. Fahad Sheikh gave a speech thanking all the guests and chief guest and shared the importance of Drug Act. In the last, a group photo was taken and the seminar was ended with that. We really appreciate the efforts of our management and faculty for organizing such an informative session for students.

 

Aircraft maintainers, air transportation technicians and fuels specialist worked at a fast pace with impressive precision to prepare a C-5M Super Galaxy from the 22nd Airlift Squadron for a record-setting flight at Travis AFB, California, April 2, 2015. The flight will take place at midnight, with the intent to claim 45 aeronautical records in one flight, positioning the U.S. military's largest airframe as the world's top aviation record holder with a total of 86 world records. (U.S. Air Force photo/Ken Wright)

◆ Showa touring bicycle golden age

Ho Isuzu Silk Perfect quick we are maintaining the normal state

 

1970 silk Perfect Quick PR10-4

  

Head double head (micro-adjustable) the bicycle KATAKURA was developed has become a safety-oriented design that does not degrade the small

  

Of 輸行 bag of useful role back supporters and split expression for is a unique configuration that no such in France vehicles (spring spring screw) mud frequently used are are quick lever

  

Very It was easier decomposition and have elaborate its own ingenuity to head mechanism was a car with popular than it extremely orthodox parts structure black and as HanawaKo-sha orange I was there is

  

Sports car is a firm design and accurately parts configuration, especially until about the early 1970s and 1980s, I think that as the mass production manufacturer of sports cars were in the highest level

  

It is safe it will be sold to run the frame centering for just in case

  

It is durable with no abnormalities stubborn you came back in today finished centered

  

The head lamp mounted on the front fork part, you can see the influence of the Alps Quick ace of the day

  

70s that this bike has been made, the cycling car really in minor areas, silk as a manufacturer in the minor field, had to flagship luxury Mania Cars

 

◆ KATAKURA bicycle Perfect Quick "PR10-4" ◆ head double head (micro-adjustable) developed by bicycle KATAKURA has become a safety-oriented design that does not degrade the small ◆ back supporters or break the convenient role of輸行bag expression is a unique configuration that is not in France vehicles such as (spring spring screw) mud frequently used are are quick lever ◆ was very easy degradation have elaborate its own ingenuity to head mechanism was a model, a popular HanawaKo-sha I otherwise very orthodox parts structure design and in accurately parts configuration ◆ sports car that was firm, especially until about the early 1970s and 1980s, I think that as the mass production manufacturer of sports cars were in the highest level ◆ It will be sold by executing the frame centering for just in case because it is peace of mind ◆ to head lamp mounted on the front fork part, I can see the influence of the Alps Quick ace at the time the 1970s ◆ this bike was made , cycling car really in minor areas, silk as a manufacturer in the minor field, was the flagship luxury Mania Cars ◆ size: Top 530㎜ sheet tube 535㎜ (CT) ◆ crank: SUGINO maxy 3 arm 165mm ◆ Chain ring: (48t × 36T) ◆ gear: 2 × 5 (Maeda Seisakusho 48t ~ 15T) ◆ F / derailleur: SUNTOUR Spirt ◆ R / derailleur: SUNTOUR V-LUXE GT ◆ shift lever: SUNTOUR ◆ rim: AYARA 26 × 11 / 3W / O ◆ hub: SUNSHINE ◆ pedal: MIKASHIMA ◆ handle: SAKAE RANDNNER ROAD CHAMPION ◆ stem: SAKAE jun ◆ brake lever: DIA-COMPE ◆ brake: Canti: DIA-COMPE ◆ I think from the frame NO it's 1970 car ◆ BB / head bearing cleaning grease adjusted ※ is the old-fashioned cup & Konbara ball rather than card ridge ◆ front at the time of the touring bicycle is in a state chain which is stretched when the steep uphill "top normal" was the basic appeared Since the hard chain is under load fell press in the hands of the power wire is pressed in the outer is fixed to "push the outer" ◆ fork to exit the spot How it works: The head I stem is fashionable, which is equipped with a quick release to pipe and between the fork stems to be able decomposition without touching the rotating part has entered the inner unit does not have that dirty hands decomposition and assembly methods were competing companies in the original technology ◆ Tail Lights confirmed ◆ headlights (wire Please connect so we have come to the hanger) ◆ shift brake inner cable stainless steel new goods exchange already ◆ saddle: Original goods Itami you are there, but we will give to those who need it (upload there)

 

◆ No frame unevenness, distortion

 

◆ tire: Because I tire a different front and rear mounted

(Will two new services)

 

◆ dedicated warehouse because management is the rust is is no frame unevenness, distortion None blueteshon good anchoring little we have passed in '45 in ◆ 1970年cars but bad point is the maintenance You possibility therefore embarked status quo jewels scratch the history of ◆ 45 years but very certainly please some and those how might it be of interest or would not be nostalgic luxury car with a taste ◆ bar tape cloth new winding different left and right ◆ crank center cap (red is the original) ◆ touring bicycle while enjoy the scenery than speed "laid-back" relax slide suits also Find travel in the saddle also enjoy such words also It is a silk issue and might want to say

Lhasa , Tibet Autonomous Region , Tibetan Plateau , China - Tibet

 

The Temple is constantly maintained in good condition.

 

Barkhor area, Barkhor street and the Jokhang Temple

 

The Barkhor is an area of narrow streets and a public square located around Jokhang Temple in Lhasa, Tibet, China.

 

The Barkor is a popular devotional circumabulation for pilgrims and locals. The walk was about one kilometre long and encircled the entire Jokhang, the former seat of the State Oracle in Lhasa called the Muru Nyingba Monastery, and a number of nobles' houses including Tromzikhang and Jamkhang. There were four large incense burners (sangkangs) in the four cardinal directions, with incense burning constantly, to please the gods protecting the Jokhang. The Tromzikhang market is busy in Barkhor, and the area is a major tourist attraction.

  

Barkhor Square and Jokhang Temple

Because the Jokhang Temple has been a symbolic center of Tibetan protest since 1987, the Barkhor has also seen many demonstrations. In 1989, when year the 14th Dalai Lama won the Nobel Peace Prize, pro-Dalai Lama residents threw tsampa around the Barkhor to celebrate. After the Central government denounced the prize, residents who continued such demonstrations were arrested. The square was briefly closed by riot police during the 2008 Lhasa violence.

 

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barkhor

 

Jokhang Monastery, Tibet,

 

The Jokhang, is located on Barkhor Square in Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region, China. For most Tibetans it is the most sacred and important temple in Tibet. It is in some regards pan-sectarian, but is controlled by the Gelug school. The temple's architectural style is a mixture of Indian vihara design, Chinese Tang Dynasty design, and Nepalese design.

 

Along with the Potala Palace, it is probably the most popular tourist attraction in Lhasa. It is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site "Historic Ensemble of the Potala Palace," and a spiritual centre of Lhasa.

 

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jokhang

Maintain social connections with family members and loved ones.

Canadian Armed Forces Maintainers, from the Canadian Air Task Force Lithuania, await the pilots to disembark their McDonnell Douglas (now Boeing) CF-18 "Hornet's" (official military designation CF-188), first is (S/N 188756), 2nd is (S/N 188771), 3rd is (S/N 188782), and last is (S/N 188791), to greet them and prepare the aircraft for the coming mission at Šiauliai, Lithuania, during Operation REASSURANCE, in support of NATO Baltic Air Policing, Block 36 on August 26, 2014.

A coalition force member maintains security during a security patrol led by Afghan National Police to deny enemy freedom of movement in Farah province, Afghanistan, Dec. 7, 2012. Afghan National Security Forces have been taking the lead in security operations, with coalition forces as mentors, to bring security and stability to the people of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. (U.S. Marine Corps photo by Sgt. Pete Thibodeau/Released)

Coalition force members maintain security from light-tactical all-terrain vehicle in a village during a presence patrol in Farah province, Afghanistan, Dec. 9, 2012. Coalition forces were conducting a patrol to assess the Afghan Local Police in the village. Afghan Local Police complement counterinsurgency efforts by assisting and supporting rural areas with limited Afghan National Security Forces presence, in order to enable conditions for improved security, governance and development. (U.S. Marine Corps photo by Sgt. Pete Thibodeau/Released)

McDonnell Douglas (now Boeing) F-15 Eagle is a twin-engine, all-weather tactical fighter designed by McDonnell Douglas to gain and maintain air superiority in aerial combat. It is considered among the most successful modern fighters, with over 100 aerial combat victories with no losses in dogfights. Following reviews of proposals, the United States Air Force selected McDonnell Douglas' design in 1967 to meet the service's need for a dedicated air superiority fighter. The Eagle first flew in July 1972, and entered service in 1976. Since the 1970s, the Eagle has been exported to Israel, Japan, Saudi Arabia, and other nations. The F-15 was originally envisioned as a pure air superiority aircraft. Its design included a secondary ground-attack capability that was largely unused. The design proved flexible enough that an all-weather strike derivative, the F-15E Strike Eagle, was later developed, and entered service in 1989. The F-15 Eagle is expected to be in service with the U.S. Air Force past 2025. F-15 versions are still being produced for foreign users, with the F-15 production line set to end in 2019, 47 years after the type's first flight.

 

AMARG (or the Boneyard) is the world's largest aircraft and missile storage and maintenance facility in Tucson, Arizona. I took these pictures during a bus tour in June 2008.

 

A világ legnagyobb repülőgép és rakéta tároló és karbantartó létesítménye az Arizona állambeli Tucson-ban. A hely csak idegenvezetett autóbuszos túrán tekinthető meg, mi is így jártunk itt 2008. júniusban.

 

The 309th Aerospace Maintenance and Regeneration Group (AMARG), often called The Boneyard, is a United States Air Force aircraft and missile storage and maintenance facility in Tucson, Arizona, located on Davis-Monthan Air Force Base. AMARG takes care of more than 4,400 aircraft on 11 km2, which makes it the largest aircraft storage and preservation facility in the world. AMARG holds aircarft for future use, sales to friendly governments, or parts reclamation. Stored aircraft go through the following treatments: removing guns, ejection seat charges, or classified hardware. Draining its fuel system. Sealing it from dust, sunlight, and high temperatures by using high tech vinyl plastic compounds, Spraying an opaque white color on it, or using simple garbage bags. AMARG is a controlled-access site, and is off-limits to anyone not employed there without the proper clearance. The only access to AMARG for non-cleared individuals is via a bus tour.

The waters are superbly maintained. This is a fabulous lake.

Low hours (450) and spotless, "Grand Slam" has been professionally maintained and serviced by a local yacht management company to look and to perform like the day she did when she was purchased. Loaded with many friendly extras to include stern thruster, KVH Satellite TV Antenna, LCD TV's, Zodiac, and upgraded Eisenglass she is ready to find her new port with you. The Cruisers 455 Express Motor Yacht offers first-class accomidations with spirited performance. Posh three stateroom interior has salon, galley, and a slightly raised dinette on same level. Forward guest cabin with walk-in closet is nearly as large as many other vessels owner's stateroom in this class. The owners stateroom aft of the vessel includes a whirlpool in addition to a separate stall shower. Combined helm in the cockpit area keeps captain and passengers in close proximity. Extended swim platform can support PWC. Powered by Volvo TAMD75P Diesel Engines, Grand Slam can cruise at 22 knots with a top end of 28-29 knots. Trades considered!

  

Contact Christopher Cooke Central Listing Agent at 1-888-Yacht-14 for more information.

Maintaining ticks in ILRI's Tick Laboratory (photo credit: ILRI/David White).

Aircraft maintainers from the Canadian Air Task Force Romania tow a McDonnell Douglas (now Boeing) CF-18 "Hornet" (official military designation CF-188) (S/N 188734) out of a hangar for routine maintenance work on July 16, 2014 in Campia Turzii, Romania during Operation REASSURANCE.

 

A beautiful contrast to the house shown in 'Walking Wounded' is this beautiful and well-maintained Greek Revival of the same era and style as the other house. This example retains much of its original character and is situated atop a ridge line, surrounded by rolling farmland and flanked by a pair of insanely old trees.

Alice Gast, President, Imperial College London, United Kingdom speaking during the Session "Maintaining Innovation" at the Annual Meeting 2017 of the World Economic Forum in Davos, January 20, 2017. .Copyright by World Economic Forum / Manuel Lopez

Maintaining windmills on the Isle of Eigg. From islandsgoinggreen.org/

Lost...! What happened...?

Maintaining fiscal discipline and controlling spending helped government balance the budget and post a modest surplus of $353 million last fiscal despite lower than forecast revenues, Minister of Finance Michael de Jong announced today with the release of the 2013-14 Public Accounts.

 

Government revenues were $511 million lower than forecast in Budget Update 2013, primarily due to a drop in taxation revenues and lower-than-anticipated earnings for self-supported Crown corporations. Even with the decline in revenues, government increased spending on health by $360 million and education by $299 million compared to 2012-13.

 

Read more: www.newsroom.gov.bc.ca/2014/07/audited-public-accounts-co...

Bangor bash Barban boys

 

by Roger Corbett

 

On a perfect afternoon for rugby, Bangor maintained their good winning streak by recording another bonus point victory against Dromore, eventually winning by 38-17.

   

With Bangor and Dromore looking secure in 3rd and 4th places respectively in the league, this game could have been viewed as a dead fixture. However, with Dromore no doubt wanting to reverse their earlier defeat, and Bangor wanting to maximise their points tally, the game was certainly competitive.

 

Bangor got proceedings underway, playing into a slight breeze that was blowing diagonally across the pitch. From the outset, Dromore used this slight advantage to gain good ground through well taken positional kicks. However, were equally happy to run the ball back and produced several good attacks in reply. In fact the home side could have been a couple of scores up in the first quarter, but the ball didn’t run for them at the crucial moments. However, the breakthrough eventually came when the handling across the backs was crisp and secure, giving Neil Cuthbertson on the right wing the opportunity to stretch his legs and dive over in the corner for a well-taken try. The difficult kick was missed, but the scoreboard had started in Bangor’s favour by 5-0.

 

The next twenty minutes were almost a copy of the first quarter, with Bangor making most of the attacking opportunities, only to be thwarted by a stubborn Dromore defence. For Dromore’s part, they also had their chances, and came close from a kick through that Cuthbertson managed to shepherd into the goal area and get the resulting twenty two drop-out. However, a slack response by Bangor handed the initiative back to Dromore who, after several surges, managed to push over for their first try in the right hand corner, levelling the scores at 5-5 with just a minute or two left in the first half.

 

Bangor’s reply from the restart was immediate and in complete contrast to how they approached the previous drop-out. Mark Thompson’s kick hung in the breeze, allowing Jamie Clegg to leap for it and continue running at the static Dromore defence. He then passed inside to Jason Morgan who then passed again to Mike Weir at outside centre. Although Weir had the option of Cuthbertson on the wing, he fooled the Dromore defence and made a charge for the line, just managing to squeeze over in the right hand corner. The conversion was missed, making the score 10-5.

 

With 2 minutes of stoppage time having elapsed, there was just enough time for Dromore to restart once more. However, another apparent lapse in concentration by Bangor in securing and then clearing the ball, allowed Dromore to come straight back and score an opportunist try in the corner and level the points at 10-10. As the referee blew for half time, the home supporters were stunned, feeling their side should have been well in front by this time.

 

As the teams turned around, Bangor produced their now familiar second half surge. Within 5 minutes, a good break by James Henly was stopped just inside the Dromore twenty two. Although the ball went to ground, good support play by Curtis Stewart saw him pick up and run through to score under the posts. Cuthbertson’s kick was good, and Bangor were back in front by 17-10.

 

An injury to full back Chris Morgan resulted in changes to both the forward and backs line-up, with Adam Rushe coming off the bench to take James Henly’s wing forward position, allowing Henly to move to outside centre, and moving Mike Weir to full back as a result. There followed a brief period of settling to this new structure, before Bangor struck again. Seeing a flat Dromore defence ahead of him, Jason Morgan chipped over their heads and began the chase for the line. The ball bounced favourably for him, and he just managed to gather and touch down ahead of the nearest defender. The kick was successful extending the lead to 24-10, and now with the additional bonus point.

 

Although Dromore maintained their own pressure, it was Bangor who were calling most of the shots. Just 7 minutes later, the ball went wide to Mark Widdowson on the left wing whose pace and footwork left several Dromore players floundering, before darting through to score under the posts. The addition of the simple conversion brought the score to 31-10.

 

With only 5 minutes remaining, Dromore produced a late push and brought play deep into Bangor’s twenty two. Although Dromore won their scrum close to Bangor’s line, it looked like Bangor had the attack covered. However a defensive mix-up left a gap that provided a simple run through for Dromore to score beside the posts. With the successful conversion, the gap had closed to 31-17.

 

Obviously annoyed by this mistake, Bangor came back at Dromore, forcing the visitors to concede a penalty inside their twenty two. Spurning the kick at goal, Thompson kicked for touch and an attacking line-out. With the ball safely won, Bangor started to drive forward, but the strong Dromore pack held it up. However, the ball was quickly recycled by Ricky Armstrong to Mark Thompson, who then passed to Jason Morgan who pushed off his tackler to score the final try of the day and, with the conversion, bring the final score to 38-17.

 

This was a good day for North Down sides playing Mid Down opposition. Bangor’s success against Dromore was matched by neighbours Donaghadee who produced an inspired performance to beat Ballynahinch 2nds and earn a place in this year’s Towns Cup final as a result – congratulations to all.

 

Bangor’s final fixture in this year’s league is away to Cooke next Saturday. The weekend is then topped off on Sunday afternoon with what should be a highly entertaining game between the Perennials and a Bangor Select XV. With several familiar faces from seasons past, this is sure to be a fun event, and one to come along and enjoy.

 

Bangor side: P Whyte, A Jackson, B Worthington (S Irvine), R Corbett, C Stewart , R Latimer, J Henly, J Clegg (c), R Armstrong, M Thompson, M Widdowson, J Morgan, M Weir, N Cuthbertson, C Morgan (A Rushe)

 

Subs: S Irvine, A Rushe

 

Bangor scores: N Cuthbertson (1T, 4C), M Weir (1T), C Stewart (1T), J Morgan (2T), M Widdowson (1T)

This immaculately maintained home is a must-see! Entering, you are immediately welcomed by a stunning foyer as you enter the home. To the right is the formal dining room, perfect for entertaining. To the left is the study, a cozy space ideal for reading or working. Straight ahead is the living room, where you can relax in front of the fireplace and enjoy the pool view. The grand stairway is a showstopper. The kitchen, family room, and informal dining areas overlook the backyard patio and pool, which makes it easy to keep an eye on the kids outside. Wood floors throughout add to the home's elegance and appeal. The large

backyard with a swimming pool and waterfall is perfect for entertaining or relaxing. Whether you're hosting a party or simply spending time with family, this home provides the perfect setting for making memories. Convenience is key to where you live. Quick access to both the Memorial and Northwest Hwy corridors provide that. Contact me today to see this beautiful home!

Poorly maintained social housing

Maintaining the monument boundary fence and vegetation is another duty for resources.

Olympus XA2 + Agfa CT Precisa 100 Cross Processed.

 

The London Street Art Walking Tour, as part of the London flickr meet-up last June.

 

I know my stream has been a bit scrappy in recent weeks, but I'm clearing out some of the archive in lieu of sorting out my image/negs filing system. (As well as getting a whole heap of recent stuff developed and scanned, so that I can start afresh.) Thanks for bearing with me...

Schloss Elmau is calling Calico Electronico every night

Beautifully maintained 46ft boat with high quality joinery in an R&D shell

Leipzig Botanical Garden (3.5 hectares), (German: Leipziger Botanische Gärten, Botanischer Garten der Universität Leipzig), is a botanical garden maintained by the University of Leipzig, and located at Linnéstraße 1, Leipzig, Saxony, Germany. It is the oldest botanical garden in Germany and among the oldest in the world, and open daily without charge.

 

Leipzig's botanical garden dates back to at least 1542, although the garden has moved several times. They were created shortly after the university's reform in 1539, when Maurice, Elector of Saxony donated the Dominican monastery of St. Pauli. Its former monastery garden, on the north side of the Paulinerkirche, was reworked as a hortus medicus by May 1543.

 

This first garden was destroyed in the Thirty Years' War, and in 1648 the university acquired a new site (now Grimmaische Street) where in 1653 it created its second garden. In 1807 the garden was moved to the grounds of the Pleißemühlgraben, where greenhouses were constructed after 1840. By 1857 the garden cultivated more than 10,000 species, of which 4,500 were grown in the greenhouses.

 

In 1876-1877, after the decision to erect a court house on its site, the garden was relocated once again to its present location southeast of Leipzig. The initial size of this new area (2.8 hectares) was extended in 1895, and the new greenhouses (1232 m²) were more than twice as large as those at the previous site. The garden was utterly destroyed in World War II, with the ruins of the Botanical Institute subsequently demolished and backfilled with rubble. By 1954 the show houses had been restored, but economic difficulties in the 1980s led to closure of some greenhouses. After reunification, the garden was completely renovated (1992-2004), with a new butterfly house created in 1996 and five new greenhouses built in 1999-2000.

 

Today the garden contains a total of some 7,000 species, of which nearly 3,000 species comprise ten special collections. The garden contains a systematic department, as well as geographic arrangements of plants from the steppes of Eastern Europe and Asia, forests of the northern hemisphere, prairies, and eastern North America, as well as a marsh and pond with regional flora and an alpine garden containing plants from Asia, Europe, and South America. Its greenhouses (2,400 m² total area) contain plants from subtropical and tropical zones of the Mediterranean region, Africa, Central America, and Australia.

 

Information taken from: en.wikipedia.org/wi​ki/Leipzig_Botanical_Garde​n

 

Newari women in Nepal making traditional straw mattress.

©ILO/Pradip Shakya

 

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License. To view a copy of this license, visit creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/igo/deed.en_US.

Canadian Armed Forces Maintainers, from the Canadian Air Task Force Lithuania, await the pilots to disembark their McDonnell Douglas (now Boeing) CF-18 "Hornet's" (official military designation CF-188), first is (S/N 188756), 2nd is (S/N 188771), 3rd is (S/N 188782), and last is (S/N 188791), to greet them and prepare the aircraft for the coming mission at Šiauliai, Lithuania, during Operation REASSURANCE, in support of NATO Baltic Air Policing, Block 36 on August 26, 2014.

Maintainers park a B-52 Stratofortress during Global Thunder 2019 at Barksdale Air Force Base, La., Nov. 3, 2018. Global Thunder is an annual U.S. Strategic Command (USSTRATCOM) exercise designed to provide training opportunities to test and validate command, control and operational procedures. The training is based on a notional scenario developed to drive execution of USSTRATCOM and component forces’ ability to support the geographic combatant commands, deter adversaries and, if necessary, employ forces as directed by the President of the United States. (U.S. Air Force photo by Master Sgt. Bryan Franks)

Bangor bash Barban boys

 

by Roger Corbett

 

On a perfect afternoon for rugby, Bangor maintained their good winning streak by recording another bonus point victory against Dromore, eventually winning by 38-17.

   

With Bangor and Dromore looking secure in 3rd and 4th places respectively in the league, this game could have been viewed as a dead fixture. However, with Dromore no doubt wanting to reverse their earlier defeat, and Bangor wanting to maximise their points tally, the game was certainly competitive.

 

Bangor got proceedings underway, playing into a slight breeze that was blowing diagonally across the pitch. From the outset, Dromore used this slight advantage to gain good ground through well taken positional kicks. However, were equally happy to run the ball back and produced several good attacks in reply. In fact the home side could have been a couple of scores up in the first quarter, but the ball didn’t run for them at the crucial moments. However, the breakthrough eventually came when the handling across the backs was crisp and secure, giving Neil Cuthbertson on the right wing the opportunity to stretch his legs and dive over in the corner for a well-taken try. The difficult kick was missed, but the scoreboard had started in Bangor’s favour by 5-0.

 

The next twenty minutes were almost a copy of the first quarter, with Bangor making most of the attacking opportunities, only to be thwarted by a stubborn Dromore defence. For Dromore’s part, they also had their chances, and came close from a kick through that Cuthbertson managed to shepherd into the goal area and get the resulting twenty two drop-out. However, a slack response by Bangor handed the initiative back to Dromore who, after several surges, managed to push over for their first try in the right hand corner, levelling the scores at 5-5 with just a minute or two left in the first half.

 

Bangor’s reply from the restart was immediate and in complete contrast to how they approached the previous drop-out. Mark Thompson’s kick hung in the breeze, allowing Jamie Clegg to leap for it and continue running at the static Dromore defence. He then passed inside to Jason Morgan who then passed again to Mike Weir at outside centre. Although Weir had the option of Cuthbertson on the wing, he fooled the Dromore defence and made a charge for the line, just managing to squeeze over in the right hand corner. The conversion was missed, making the score 10-5.

 

With 2 minutes of stoppage time having elapsed, there was just enough time for Dromore to restart once more. However, another apparent lapse in concentration by Bangor in securing and then clearing the ball, allowed Dromore to come straight back and score an opportunist try in the corner and level the points at 10-10. As the referee blew for half time, the home supporters were stunned, feeling their side should have been well in front by this time.

 

As the teams turned around, Bangor produced their now familiar second half surge. Within 5 minutes, a good break by James Henly was stopped just inside the Dromore twenty two. Although the ball went to ground, good support play by Curtis Stewart saw him pick up and run through to score under the posts. Cuthbertson’s kick was good, and Bangor were back in front by 17-10.

 

An injury to full back Chris Morgan resulted in changes to both the forward and backs line-up, with Adam Rushe coming off the bench to take James Henly’s wing forward position, allowing Henly to move to outside centre, and moving Mike Weir to full back as a result. There followed a brief period of settling to this new structure, before Bangor struck again. Seeing a flat Dromore defence ahead of him, Jason Morgan chipped over their heads and began the chase for the line. The ball bounced favourably for him, and he just managed to gather and touch down ahead of the nearest defender. The kick was successful extending the lead to 24-10, and now with the additional bonus point.

 

Although Dromore maintained their own pressure, it was Bangor who were calling most of the shots. Just 7 minutes later, the ball went wide to Mark Widdowson on the left wing whose pace and footwork left several Dromore players floundering, before darting through to score under the posts. The addition of the simple conversion brought the score to 31-10.

 

With only 5 minutes remaining, Dromore produced a late push and brought play deep into Bangor’s twenty two. Although Dromore won their scrum close to Bangor’s line, it looked like Bangor had the attack covered. However a defensive mix-up left a gap that provided a simple run through for Dromore to score beside the posts. With the successful conversion, the gap had closed to 31-17.

 

Obviously annoyed by this mistake, Bangor came back at Dromore, forcing the visitors to concede a penalty inside their twenty two. Spurning the kick at goal, Thompson kicked for touch and an attacking line-out. With the ball safely won, Bangor started to drive forward, but the strong Dromore pack held it up. However, the ball was quickly recycled by Ricky Armstrong to Mark Thompson, who then passed to Jason Morgan who pushed off his tackler to score the final try of the day and, with the conversion, bring the final score to 38-17.

 

This was a good day for North Down sides playing Mid Down opposition. Bangor’s success against Dromore was matched by neighbours Donaghadee who produced an inspired performance to beat Ballynahinch 2nds and earn a place in this year’s Towns Cup final as a result – congratulations to all.

 

Bangor’s final fixture in this year’s league is away to Cooke next Saturday. The weekend is then topped off on Sunday afternoon with what should be a highly entertaining game between the Perennials and a Bangor Select XV. With several familiar faces from seasons past, this is sure to be a fun event, and one to come along and enjoy.

 

Bangor side: P Whyte, A Jackson, B Worthington (S Irvine), R Corbett, C Stewart , R Latimer, J Henly, J Clegg (c), R Armstrong, M Thompson, M Widdowson, J Morgan, M Weir, N Cuthbertson, C Morgan (A Rushe)

 

Subs: S Irvine, A Rushe

 

Bangor scores: N Cuthbertson (1T, 4C), M Weir (1T), C Stewart (1T), J Morgan (2T), M Widdowson (1T)

This wetland on Jarrett Creek is classified as a Swamp Forest-Bog Complex and a beaver maintained Piedmont/Mountain Semipermanent Impountment wetland. There are many active beaver dams in the complex. Many large trees have been killed and some have fallen down. If the process continues I am sure it will eventually become a mountain bog.

Charming mechanic boy is checking if everything goes right during the Dakar Rally.

Jason Miller, Cooper Tire's national fleet channel sales manager measures the tire's circumference

Recent maintainance:

 

Replaced Exhaust Manifold (Oct. '06)

Replaced O2 Sensor (Oct. '06)

Replaced Brake Master Cylinder (Fall '05)

Replaced Radiator (2003)

William Prince of Orange (afterwards King William III of Great Britain & Ireland) landed in Brixham with his mainly Dutch army, on 5 November 1688, during the Glorious Revolution, and issued his famous declaration "The Liberties of England and The Protestant Religion I Will Maintain". Many local people still have Dutch surnames, being direct descendants of soldiers in that army. A road leading from the harbour up a steep hill to where the Dutch made their camp, is still called Overgang, meaning 'passage' in Dutch.

The coffin house reflects Brixham humour: it is coffin-shaped and when a father was asked for the hand in marriage of his daughter, he said he would 'see her in a coffin, before she wed'. The future son-in-law bought the coffin-shaped property, called it the Coffin House, and went back to the father and said 'Your wishes will be met, you will see your daughter in a coffin, the Coffin House'. Amazed by this, the father gave his blessing.

The street names reflect the town's history. Pump Street is where the village pump stood. Monksbridge was a bridge built by the monks of Totnes Priory. Lichfield Drive was the route that the dead (from the Anglo-Saxon ‘lich’ meaning a corpse) were taken for burial at St Mary’s churchyard. Salutation Mews, near the church, dates from when England was Catholic, and the salutation was to the Virgin Mary. Similarly, Laywell Road recalls Our Lady’s Well. The first building seen when coming into Brixham from Paignton is the old white-boarded Toll House where all travellers had to pay a fee to keep the roads repaired.

The tower of All Saints' Church, founded in 1815, stands guard over the town. The composer of Abide With Me, Rev. Francis Lyte was a vicar at the church. He lived at Berry Head House, now a hotel, and when he was a very sick man, near to dying, he looked out from his garden as dusk fell over Torbay, and the words of that hymn came into his mind.

The main church is St. Mary's, about a mile from the sea. It is the third to have been on the site (which was an ancient Celtic burial ground). The original wooden Saxon church was replaced by a stone Norman church that was in its turn built over in about 1360. Many of the important townspeople are buried in the churchyard.

Many of Brixham's photogenic cottages above the harbour were originally inhabited by fishermen and their families. Near the harbour is the famous Coffin House mentioned earlier. Many of the dwellings towards Higher Brixham were built largely between the 1930s to 1970s. Several holiday camps were built in this area, for example Pontin's Wall Park and Dolphin. The Dolphin was one of the companys biggest camps. The camp closed in 1991 after fire destroyed the main entertainments building.

Brixham was served by the short Torbay and Brixham Railway from Churston. The line, opened in February 1868 to carry passengers and goods (mainly fish), was closed in May 1963 as a result of the Beeching Axe cuts. Although the former line to Brixham is deserted and overgrown, the branch line through nearby Churston is now maintained and operated as a heritage railway by a team of volunteers as the Paignton and Dartmouth Steam Railway.