View allAll Photos Tagged lapislazuli
Menat means the counterweight on the back of the necklace. A cow-shaped Hathor is depicted in this glass-stone Menat amulet. Hathor was also known as the goddess of foreign and turquoise colour. The turquoise glaze was imported to Egypt from Afghanistan.
Lapis lazuli
Late Period
Provenance unknown
Provv. 1296 Museo Egizio
Egypt of Glory exhibition, Amos Rex Art Museum, Helsinki
From the collection of Museo Egizio, Turin, Italy
9.10.2020-21.3.2021
Boa Noite meninas!!
Já estão habituadas ao novo horário? Hj pra mim foi tranquilo, mas amanhã vai ser complicado viu. Pra que acorda 6 hrs da manhã esse horário mata.
Bom, vamos a belezinha de hj! ^^
Esse eu acabei de passar. Tive essa idéia a algum tempo e só estava esperando a boa vontade e o paciência aparecerem! E acho que elas resolveram aparecer junto com o sol, que voltou a brilhar hj!! Finalmente posso usar meus Holos lindos que estavam esperando pelo sol. Aguardem ^^
A foto não mostra a beleza dos brilhinhos, q são mesmo 3D! Lindos! Se vcs quiserem, faço um vídeo pra vcs verem! =)
Usei:
Lapis Lazuli - Top Beuty - 3x + Aurora Boreau - Top Beuty - 1x + Roxinho da Colorama
E no anelar:
Lapis Lazuli - Top Beuty - 2x + Aurora Boreau - Top Beuty (Ultimate 3D) - 1x + Roxinho da Colorama
Esse Lapis Lazuli foi a fofa da Tiane que mandou de brinde na compra dos meus holos! ^^ Ameii! =)
Vcs acreditam q aqui eu só achei os Ultimate 3D pra vender? O restante da marca simplesmente não tem!!
Já escrevi demais né?
Boa semana suas lindas, adoro o carinho de vocês!
Beijoos :***
CORDILLERA PAINE
Es un conjunto impresionante de montañas gobernadas por empinadas torres de granito del imponente Paine Grande. El macizo montañoso está coronado de glaciares y rodeado de lagos con colores de aguamarina, esmeralda, turquesa, zafiro y lapislázuli, que retoza libremente en torno a lagunas y entre hermosos bosques de árboles barbudos. No sorprende que el lugar haya sido designado Reserva Mundial de la Biósfera de la UNESCO, además de Parque Nacional por el Estado chileno.
The hard-stone Florentine mosaic is an ancient technique which allows precious and semi-precious stones to be moulded into highly intricate and detailed scenes. It was already known in the XV Century, but it was thanks to the Medici Family, lords over Florence between the XV and the XVIII Centuries, that it became truly noteworthy, reaching its apex in 1588 with the creation of the Opificio delle Pietre Dure - a workshop for working in hard stone - called for by Grand Duke Ferdinando I.
Thanks to their vast network of commerce, the Medici were able to accumulate a collection of precious and semi-precious stones with which they commissioned stunning and immensely symbolic works of art. One of these, known as the "Tavolino di Gioie", is, today, one of the most precious permanent pieces of the Louvre of Abu Dhabi. It consists of an alabaster top inlaid with jasper, bloodstone, cornel, lapis-lazuli and other precious and semi-precious stones. Commissioned by Francesco I de ‘Medici, it was created by sculptor Bernardino di Porfirio of Leccio following a drawing by Giorgio Vasari, between 1568 and 1577.
Another attempt at a still life composition using items picked up from various places.
I didn't have any 'scent' for the bottle on the left, so I filled it with cold tea !!! ;-)
El palacio de Buckingham (en inglés Buckingham Palace) es la residencia oficial2del monarca británico en Londres. También se utiliza para ceremonias oficiales, visitas de Estado y visitas turísticas. Es famoso por albergar una parte sustancial de la Royal Collection, extraordinario conjunto de obras artísticas fruto del coleccionismo real. El palacio o la explanada frente a él se ha convertido en un punto de reunión de los británicos en tiempos de calamidad, de crisis o de festividad. «El Palacio de Buckingham» o, simplemente, «El Palacio», también es la metonimia utilizada para designar la fuente de comunicados de prensa provenientes de la familia real británica.
El palacio, originalmente conocido como Buckingham House, era en un principio un petit hôtel construido para John Sheffield, el primer duque de Buckingham y Normanby en 1703 y adquirido por el rey Jorge III en 1762 para convertirlo en residencia pública. En los siguientes 75 años sufrió una serie de ampliaciones dirigidas por los arquitectos John Nash y Edward Blore (1850), creándose tres alas que conforman un patio central abierto. Con la llegada al trono de la reina Victoria del Reino Unido, el Palacio de Buckingham pasó a ser la residencia oficial de la monarquía. Durante los siglos XIX y XX se hicieron algunas reformas en el palacio, como la que se llevó a cabo en 1913 (a cargo de Aston Webb) y que dio al palacio su fachada principal actual, incluido el balcón desde donde saluda la familia real.
El interior georgiano original del siglo XIX, el cual aún se conserva, se compone de brillantes escayolas con incrustaciones de lapislázuli azul y rosa. Eduardo VII redecoró el palacio añadiendo una decoración Belle Époque en tonos crema y dorados. Algunos salones de recepción están decorados en estilo chino con muebles provenientes del pabellón real de Brighton y de Carlton house. El palacio cuenta con 777 habitaciones y los jardines del palacio constituyen los jardines privados más grandes de Londres. Fueron creados originalmente por Capability Brown, pero rediseñados por William Townsend Aiton y John Nash. El lago artificial fue creado en 1828 y recibe agua del lago Serpentine, el lago que se encuentra en el Hyde Park. (Wikipedia)
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Visita micamara.es/madrid/ para conocer Madrid
Navega en micamara.es/ para disfrutar de arte, historia, folclore, naturaleza, fauna, flora de muchos lugares del mundo.
A close-up photograph of tumbled lapis lazuli stones. Lapis lazuli is a semiprecious stone valued for its deep blue color. Blue lapis lazuli is formed from several minerals and is known as a metamorphic rock, which means that it was created from another type of rock through one of several conditions, including intense heat and pressure. The lapis lazuli stone was traditionally used in Egypt, Mesopotamia, and other ancient civilizations to make jewelry and ceremonial objects, and was even ground into a precious pigment known as ultramarine, which was highly sought after by artists during the Renaissance period.
Lápis-lazúli, conhecido também como lápis azul, é uma rocha metamórfica de cor azul utilizada como gema ou como rocha ornamental desde antes de 7000 a. C. em Mehrgarh, na Índia, situado nos dias de hoje no Paquistão. A sua cor, azul-escura e opaca, fez com que esta gema fosse altamente apreciada pelos faraós egípcios, como pode ser visto por seu uso proeminente em muitos dos tesouros recuperados dos túmulos faraônicos. É ainda extremamente popular hoje. Trata-se de uma rocha, e não de um mineral, já que é composto por vários minerais.
O componente principal do lápis-lazúli é a lazurita (25% 40%), silicato do grupo dos feldspatoides de fórmula química (Na,Ca)8(AlSiO4)6(S,SO4,Cl)1-2. A maioria do lápis-lazúli contém também calcita (branca), sodalita (azul) e pirita (amarelo metálico). O lápis-lazúli ocorre geralmente em mármores cristalinos como resultado de metamorfismo de contato. As pedras que contêm demasiadamente calcita ou pirita não são artigo de grande valor. Os grãos de pirita são importantes para identificar a pedra como genuína e não diminuem o seu valor.
PLEASE, NO invitations or self promotions, THEY WILL BE DELETED. My photos are FREE to use, just give me credit and it would be nice if you let me know, thanks.
Went to a place where jewellery is made using the blue stone lapis lazuli and putting it into various settings.
Lapis lazuli, or lapis for short, is a deep-blue semi-precious stone that has been prized since antiquity for its intense colour.
The lapis lazuli ore has about the same rarity as gold ore. Afghanistan is the leading source but it is also found in Chile, Russia, Canada, Argentina, and Pakistan. Small amounts have also been found in the United States.
looks like a well composed picture of a distant Galaxy.....but is just an underexposed Macro of e very fine Lapislazuli.....:-)
70030 Lapislazuli in Alumatrix, Paar 54.05ct. Dreieckformen plangeschliffen matt, je ca.40x34x3mm, handgeschliffenes Unikat, www.topcut.ch 10.81g CHF 380.-
Into the Rift, into the rift. (Has anyone still Nanas awesome Retext of this www.nexusmods.com/skyrim/mods/12070/? mod? T.T )
La catedral de San Isaac, oficialmente catedral de San Isaac de Dalmacia (en ruso: собор преподо́бного Исаа́кия Далма́тского)? es una catedral ortodoxa rusa erigida en el siglo XIX en la ciudad de San Petersburgo, la más suntuosa y grandiosa de las iglesias de la ciudad y uno de los monumentos neoclásicos más interesantes de la arquitectura rusa del siglo XIX. Fue diseñada por el arquitecto francés Auguste Montferrand y fue construida desde 1818 hasta 1858.
La catedral se encuentra en la plaza del mismo nombre y la de los Decembristas, y tiene una de las cúpulas más grandes del mundo, siendo la segunda iglesia ortodoxa oriental más alta, después de la catedral del Cristo Salvador de Moscú. Desde 1931 se ha convertido en un museo. Es visitada actualmente por aproximadamente un millón de turistas cada año.
Anteriormente, en la zona del Almirantazgo existió una pequeña iglesia de madera dedicada a Isaac (monje), a la que sustituyó otra de piedra, que quedó inservible a mediados del siglo XVIII.
Por último, a comienzos del siglo XIX, se decide levantar la nueva catedral. Participan en el concurso destacados arquitectos de aquella época. Sale vencedor el joven arquitecto francés Auguste Montferrand. Los andamiajes para la catedral de San Isaac fueron realizados por el ingeniero español Agustín de Betancourt. Las obras se prolongaron desde 1818 hasta 1858.
La construcción comenzó en 1818. Antes de demoler el edificio anterior, se consolidó el suelo debido a que la ciudad está construida sobre un terreno muy pantanoso. La operación fue muy larga y compleja: a los 11.000 pilotes de pino alquitranados de la cimentación anterior, se añadieron 13.000 más, con un diámetro de 25 cm cada uno. Las losas de granito se colocaron directamente sobre los pilotes y fueron cubiertas con losas de piedra caliza.
Las cimentaciones tienen un grosor de 14,5 m (7,5 m de altura de los pilotes y otros 7 m de espesor de las losas de piedra). Fueron necesarios 10 años de sentar las bases y 125.000 trabajadores participaron en su instalación. Dado que tenían que conservar los muros de la vieja iglesia, se observaron algunos asentamientos irregulares después de la colocación de los cimientos. Después de que apareciesen algunas grietas en las paredes se tuvieron que suspender los trabajos y demoler las partes restantes del edificio anterior. El director de las obras fue el arquitecto suizo Domenico Adamini (1792-1860).
En la decoración de la catedral de San Isaac se emplearon 43 tipos de minerales. El zócalo fue revestido de granito, el interior de la catedral, paredes y suelos de mármoles rusos, italianos y franceses, las columnas del retablo fueron revestidas de malaquita y lapislázuli. Para sobredorar la cúpula de 21,8 m de diámetro, se emplearon cerca de 100 kilos de oro. Adornan la catedral casi 400 obras entre esculturas, pinturas y mosaicos. Tiene capacidad para 14 mil personas.
Desde 1931 la catedral es un museo.
Se puede subir hasta el tambor de la cúpula, desde donde se puede contemplar una vista de San Petersburgo.
es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catedral_de_San_Isaac
Saint Isaac's Cathedral or Isaakievskiy Sobor (Russian: Исаа́киевский Собо́р) is a cathedral that currently functions as a museum in Saint Petersburg, Russia. It is dedicated to Saint Isaac of Dalmatia, a patron saint of Peter the Great, who had been born on the feast day of that saint. It was originally built as a cathedral but was turned into a museum by the Soviet government in 1931 and has remained a museum ever since. In 2017, the Governor of Saint Petersburg offered to transfer the cathedral back to the Russian Orthodox Church, but the church has not exercised this offer.
The church on St Isaac's Square was ordered by Tsar Alexander I, to replace an earlier structure by Vincenzo Brenna, and was the fourth consecutive church standing at this place. A specially appointed commission examined several designs, including that of the French-born architect Auguste de Montferrand (1786–1858), who had studied in the atelier of Napoleon's designer, Charles Percier. Montferrand's design was criticised by some members of the commission for the dry and allegedly boring rhythm of its four identical pedimented octastyle porticos. It was also suggested that despite gigantic dimensions, the edifice would look squat and not very impressive. The members of the commission, which consisted of well-known Russian architects, were also particularly concerned by necessity to build a new huge building on the old unsecure foundation. The emperor, who favoured the ponderous Empire style of architecture, had to step in and solve the dispute in Montferrand's favour.
The cathedral took 40 years to construct, under Montferrand's direction, from 1818 to 1858. The building of the cathedral took so long, that it left an idiom to Finnish language: rakentaa kuin Iisakinkirkkoa (To build like the church of Isaac) when speaking of long-term construction projects.
To secure the construction, the cathedral's foundation was strengthened by driving 25,000 piles into the fenland of Saint Petersburg. Innovative methods were created to erect the giant columns of the portico. The construction costs of the cathedral totalled an incredible sum of 1 000 000 gold rubles. Under the Soviet government, the building was stripped of religious trappings. In 1931, it was turned into the Museum of the History of Religion and Atheism, the dove sculpture was removed, and replaced by a Foucault pendulum. On April 12, 1931, the first public demonstration of the Foucault pendulum was held to visualize Copernicus’s theory. In 1937, the museum was transformed into the museum of the cathedral, and former collections were transferred to the Museum of the History of Religion (located in the Kazan Cathedral).
During World War II, the dome was painted over in gray to avoid attracting attention from enemy aircraft. On its top, in the skylight, a geodesical intersection point was placed, to determine the positions of German artillery batteries.
With the fall of communism, the museum was removed and regular worship activity has resumed in the cathedral, but only in the left-hand side chapel. The main body of the cathedral is used for services on feast days only.
On January 10, 2017 Georgy Poltavchenko, the Governor of St. Petersburg, announced that the cathedral would be transferred to the Russian Orthodox Church. The key protocols of the transfer were defined by the order issued by St. Petersburg’s Committee on Property Relations on December 30, 2016. The document expired on December 30, 2018. The new order can be issued upon request from the Russian Orthodox Church, but no such request has yet been submitted.
The transfer of Saint Isaac's Cathedral in use the ROC agreed in January 2017, but the decision has caused discontent of the townspeople, who defended the status of the museum. The decision of the city authorities was disputed in the courts. Currently, the status of the building is museum. Today, church services are held here only ecclesiastical occasions.
The neoclassical exterior expresses the traditional Russian-Byzantine formula of a Greek-cross ground plan with a large central dome and four subsidiary domes. It is similar to Andrea Palladio's Villa La Rotonda, with a full dome on a high drum substituted for the Villa's low central saucer dome. The design of the cathedral in general and the dome in particular later influenced the design of the United States Capitol dome, Wisconsin State Capitol in Madison, Wisconsin, and the Lutheran Cathedral in Helsinki.
The exterior is faced with gray and pink stone, and features a total of 112 red granite columns with Corinthian capitals, each hewn and erected as a single block: 48 at ground level, 24 on the rotunda of the uppermost dome, 8 on each of four side domes, and 2 framing each of four windows. The rotunda is encircled by a walkway accessible to tourists. 24 statues stand on the roof, and another 24 on top of the rotunda.
The cathedral's main dome rises 101.5 metres (333 ft) and is plated with pure gold. The dome is decorated with twelve statues of angels by Josef Hermann. These angels were likely the first large sculptures produced by the then novel process of electrotyping, which was an alternative to traditional bronze casting of sculptures. Montferrand's design of the dome is based on a supporting cast iron structure. It was the third historical instance of cast iron cupola after the Leaning Tower of Nevyansk (1732) and Mainz Cathedral (1826).
The cathedral's bronze doors, covered in reliefs by Ivan Vitali, are patterned after the celebrated doors of the Battistero di San Giovanni in Florence, designed by Lorenzo Ghiberti. Suspended underneath the peak of the dome is a sculpted white dove representing the Holy Spirit. Internal features such as columns, pilasters, floor, and statue of Montferrand are composed of multicolored granites and marbles gathered from all parts of Russia. The iconostasis is framed by eight columns of semiprecious stone: six of malachite and two smaller ones of lazurite. The four pediments are also richly sculpted.
The interior was originally decorated with scores of paintings by Karl Bryullov and other great Russian masters of the day. When these paintings began to deteriorate due to the cold, damp conditions inside the cathedral, Montferrand ordered them to be painstakingly reproduced as mosaics, a technique introduced in Russia by Mikhail Lomonosov. This work was never completed.
William Handyside and other engineers used a number of technological innovations in the construction of the building. The portico columns were raised with the use of large wooden frameworks before the walls were erected. The building rests on 10,000 tree trunks that were sunk by a large number of workers into the marshy banks upon which the cathedral is situated. The dome was gilded by a technique similar to spraypainting; the solution used included toxic mercury, the vapors of which caused the deaths of sixty workers. The dozen gilded statues of angels, each six metres tall, facing each other across the interior of the rotunda, were constructed using galvanoplastic technology, making them only millimeters thick and very lightweight. St. Isaac's Cathedral represents the first use of this technique in architecture.
The meticulous and painstakingly detailed work on constructing the St. Isaac's Cathedral took 40 years to complete, and left an expression in the Finnish language, rakentaa kuin Iisakin kirkkoa ("to build like St. Isaac's Church"), for lengthy and never-ending megaprojects.
El Reto de este mes era crear una joya basándose en Cleopatra. He hecho un pectoral con un escarabajo alado que ayuda al Sol en su recorrido diario. El escarabajo es de arcilla polimérica imitando lapislázuli. Un pequeño cabuchón rojo nacarado es el Sol. Ambos sobre una base bordada con rocallas y delicas. Las alas están hechas en macramé, con c-lon, delicas y dagas. Para colgar una simple cadena en color cobre.
Edited Dec 26th.
Thanks to all those who visited our sim and left lovely comments in our visitors book. We are now preparing for a New Year's Eve celebration and the sim is closed to the public.
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Welcome to our home sim - Mori no Shima.
Our sim is currently open to the public and the interior of our home will be open to the public during the 2015 Tour of Lights (December 18 - 21). We would ask that you refrain from public nudity, sex and that you treat other visitors with respect. Thanks for your understanding!
maps.secondlife.com/secondlife/Cherished/120/196/50
If possible, set your Graphics to High or Ultra and turn on Advanced Lighting, and set windlight to region default.
SOME THINGS TO DO WHILE YOU ARE VISITING US
Please explore because we have not detailed everything in this guide. Also, there is some adult furniture, which is set to group, so visitors cannot use it - sorry.
1. Enjoy our hospitality:
- grab some hot cider or chocolate at the front door
- get eggnog latte or gingerbread cookie in the kitchen
- get breakfast stuff from the toaster in the kitchen
- on the kitchen counter are bottles of white and red wine, and an espresso machine
- there is a tray with hot chocolate on the table in front of the cabin near the skating pond
- there is soup over the fire at the beach, please give it a stir or it will burn (Sit on the pot)
2. Skating:
- Set your windlight to region default and the water around our island will turn to ice. There is an invisible prim just under the surface, so you can skate everywhere you like.
- The greeter at the landing point gave you a folder with free skates for guys + girls so you're all set. Of course you can use your own skates too.
- The little frozen pond near the small cabin can also animate you to skate (just click on it), and there is a couple skating poseball set there as well.
- Out on the frozen lake you can find a group skating system for up to ten people.
3. Dancing:
Dancing for singles and couples is contained in sundials, which are spread around the sim (look for the hover text). Click the sundial for couple dances and the bottom for singles. This is where you will find them:
- back deck of house
- cabin near skating rink
- beach (find the mistletoe in the gazebo :-)
- dock
4. Sledding:
- At the end of the stairs from the big bridge to the path down to the beach is a sled, it can rez a sled for 1, 2 or 3 people, hop on and steer your way down to the ice.
5. Nature walks:
- Cross the bridge and walk down the path through the forest to the cabin, the skating pond and the beach.
- Take the Zipline down to the dock, walk on the ice to the lighthouse and take a ride to the top.
- Walk down the rocky path to the hanging bridge, cross the forest and go to the beach.
- The forest is full of deer and other animals, have a look and see what you can find!
6. Photography:
Please do take snaps to remember your visit. If you have a Flickr account, Moriko would love it if you would add her to your art so that we can enjoy seeing our home sim through your eyes.
7. Cats and other animals:
- Nermal is a bit stand-offish but Mori-chan is alway happy to get some petting (right-click, select "Pet..." from the menu).
- You can feed the budgies and the hamster in the kitchen by clicking on the cages and select "tend".
- There are lots of birds - try to listen to see if you can recognize them! There are chickades, cardinals, woodpecker, barn and snowy owl, crow, robin, mourning dove and blue jay.
- There are ermines in the undergrowth near the gazebo on the beach, they are fun to watch!
- The Finger Rock at the south-west tip of the island is home to a pair of eagles.
8. Playground:
The playground is usable by ToddleeDoo avatars mostly, and Zooby babies.
ABOUT OUR SIM AND FAMILY
Mori no Shima is the home of 2 families, who are related in real life - the Corrimals and the Inshan-Onmuras and our animals. The sim design and landscaping is the responsibility of Moriko, with input from everybody :-)
We hope that you enjoy visiting our home and wish you the best of the holiday season and happy new year. If you enjoyed your visit, please sign our guest book located in the front entrance. And don't forget to grab the Christmas gift :-)
Thank you!
Moriko Inshan
Yuukie Inshan-Onmura
Lance Corrimal
LapisLazuli Tomorrow
JuliaCorrimal
panel "Proverbios flamencos", jaspe, viola, pedernal, jaspe de Kalinovskaya, radiusita, cuarzo, cacholong, lapislázuli, ojo de tigre, rodonita, jade, mosaico florentino 63,0 x 86,0 cm, 2021 Ufá, Rusia. exposición "Arte de joyeros de Rusia".
panel "Flemish proverbs", jasper, violan, flint, Kalinovskaya jasper, radusite, quartz, cacholong, lapis lazuli, tiger's eye, rhodonite, jade, Florentine mosaic 63.0 x 86.0cm, 2021 Ufa, Russia. exhibition "Art of jewelers of Russia".
Las gemas, cristales, cuarzos... se encuentran dispersas por el planeta desde que la tierra acomodaba su rotación alrededor del sol.
Las crónicas más antiguas nos hablan de su extracción desde el legendario Egipto hasta las minas del valle de Oxus en Afganistán. Rodeados de estas y a través de los milenios el hombre también ha sentido su poder, en la mayoría de los casos, benéfico, y solo en algunos, maléfico; y ha transmitido por tradición este conocimiento hasta nuestros días. La innumerable cantidad de piedras preciosas y semipreciosas y su infinita variedad de colores y formas fue dado por el proceso de cristalización.
Las tradiciones más antiguas y las investigaciones actuales coinciden en que el hombre es un receptor y transmisor de energía al igual que los cristales. Por lo tanto podemos encontrar en sus diversas variedades las cualidades que vibran en sintonía con nuestros cuerpos. Para ello, nos sumergiremos en la tarea de descubrir cuales son las que se corresponden según las características de cada gema, cristal o cuarzo.
La “Puerta de Chile” , estructura de bronce, elaborada en Italia, instalada en la iglesia que está en el primer nivel de la Cruz del Tercer Milenio, ícono religioso y turístico de Coquimbo.
La obra, cuya fabricación partió en 2010 para recordar el Bicentenario del país, tiene tallada una imagen de la Virgen del Carmen, reina y patrona de Chile. La figura está acompañada de una silueta con los límites de Chile, rodeada de 15 ángeles, que llevan en sus manos un pergamino con el nombre de cada una de las regiones.
La enorme puerta (mide 3,91 metros de alto y tres metros de ancho) servirá como acceso lateral a la iglesia que está en la base del monumento. La estructura fue encargada por la fundación Cruz del Tercer Milenio, y financiada con aportes de privados, al artista italiano Albano Poli, quien ostenta el título de Caballero de la Orden Pontificia de San Gregorio Magno, tras un trabajo hecho en la Basílica Papal en Roma.
La Cruz del Tercer Milenio, obra de 93 metros de altura, se entregó a Coquimbo en 2001 como celebración del Jubileo del año 2000. Se ubica sobre el cerro El Vigía, el más alto de la ciudad, empinándose en total a los 157 msnm, permitiendo así una vista en 360 grados de la ciudad.
El monumento, se convirtió en el ícono que representa al puerto coquimbano. Posee miradores, un museo y una iglesia, en donde se utilizaron refinados materiales, como mármol y lapislázuli.
I pulled over on my way home from our river house to capture this scene. The setting sun's rays reflecting off the clouds. I have the pleasure of watching the sun set each weekend on my drive home. What a blessing!
Das Naturreich / Buch-Reihe
Eine Sammlung naturwissenschaftlicher Bücher für Schule und Haus
herausgegeben von Prof. Dr. Bastian Schmid
> Dr. Karl Schulz / Das Mineralreich
Mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Verbreitung, Gewinnung und Verwertung der Mineralien
Pestalozzi Verlags-Anstalt / Wiesbaden 1923
ex libris MTP
de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lapislazuli
de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodalith
de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almandin
de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grossular#Modifikationen_und_Variet...
Blue is the color that she feels inside
ERA un tubo maltrecho de pintura
en mitad de la acera, un vagabundo
tubo arruinado de pintura al óleo.
Al servicio de nada ni de nadie,
contento de lo inútil de sí mismo,
abdicado de ser lo que esperábamos,
difundía en silencio la inquietud
que tiene la hermosura insospechada.
La extravagancia de obtener un centro
permaneciendo fuera de lugar.
Un tubo de pintura peregrino,
olvidado de Dios en suelo anónimo:
Azul de metileno.
En su penuria,
todo el azul,
intacto el mar intacto,
por consumada fe de una promesa,
azul cobalto el cielo en su metáfora,
azul de sangre azul, azul de Prusia,
aquel azul que tiñe las palabras,
luz azulada, tul
que cubre el firmamento,
azul de las banderas en el aire,
lapislázuli, añil epifanía,
azur de quintaesencia,
más libre que en el acto,
el absoluto azul,
azul del absoluto,
azul de música,
azul de la quimera,
abstracto azul de azules.
Azul que es cualquier cosa;
y ni siquiera tiene que ser fiel al azul.
Azul de metileno.
Carlos Marzal.
!!Thank you for visiting and comments !
Gracias por visitar...y comentar !!!
Please.......View On Black
Con la copa engastada de lapislázuli
la espero,
junto al estanque, el agua de colonia y la tarde
la espero,
con la paciencia del caballo preparado para los senderos de la montaña
la espero,
con la elegancia del príncipe refinado y bello
la espero,
con siete almohadas rellenas de nubes ligeras
la espero,
con el fuego del penetrante incienso femenino
la espero,
con el perfume masculino del sándalo en el lomo de los caballos
la espero.
No te impacientes. Si llega tarde
espérala
y si llega antes de tiempo
espérala,
y no asustes al pájaro posado en sus trenzas.
Espérala,
para que se sienta tranquila, como el jardín en plena floración.
Espérala
para que respire este aire extraño en su corazón.
Espérala
para que se suba la falda y aparezcan sus piernas nube a nube.
Espérala
y llévala a una ventana para que vea una luna bañada en leche.
Espérala
y ofrécele el agua antes que el vino, no
mires el par de perdices dormidas en su pecho.
Espérala
y roza suavemente su mano cuando
poses la copa en el mármol,
como si le quitaras el peso del rocío.
Espérala
y habla con ella como la flauta
con la temerosa cuerda del violín,
como si fuérais dos testigos de lo que os reserva el mañana.
Espérala
y pule su noche anillo a anillo.
Espérala
hasta que la noche te diga:
no quedáis más que vosotros dos en el mundo.
Entonces llévala con dulzura a tu muerte deseada
y espérala...
Darwish
La catedral de San Isaac, oficialmente catedral de San Isaac de Dalmacia (en ruso: собор преподо́бного Исаа́кия Далма́тского)? es una catedral ortodoxa rusa erigida en el siglo XIX en la ciudad de San Petersburgo, la más suntuosa y grandiosa de las iglesias de la ciudad y uno de los monumentos neoclásicos más interesantes de la arquitectura rusa del siglo XIX. Fue diseñada por el arquitecto francés Auguste Montferrand y fue construida desde 1818 hasta 1858.
La catedral se encuentra en la plaza del mismo nombre y la de los Decembristas, y tiene una de las cúpulas más grandes del mundo, siendo la segunda iglesia ortodoxa oriental más alta, después de la catedral del Cristo Salvador de Moscú. Desde 1931 se ha convertido en un museo. Es visitada actualmente por aproximadamente un millón de turistas cada año.
Anteriormente, en la zona del Almirantazgo existió una pequeña iglesia de madera dedicada a Isaac (monje), a la que sustituyó otra de piedra, que quedó inservible a mediados del siglo XVIII.
Por último, a comienzos del siglo XIX, se decide levantar la nueva catedral. Participan en el concurso destacados arquitectos de aquella época. Sale vencedor el joven arquitecto francés Auguste Montferrand. Los andamiajes para la catedral de San Isaac fueron realizados por el ingeniero español Agustín de Betancourt. Las obras se prolongaron desde 1818 hasta 1858.
La construcción comenzó en 1818. Antes de demoler el edificio anterior, se consolidó el suelo debido a que la ciudad está construida sobre un terreno muy pantanoso. La operación fue muy larga y compleja: a los 11.000 pilotes de pino alquitranados de la cimentación anterior, se añadieron 13.000 más, con un diámetro de 25 cm cada uno. Las losas de granito se colocaron directamente sobre los pilotes y fueron cubiertas con losas de piedra caliza.
Las cimentaciones tienen un grosor de 14,5 m (7,5 m de altura de los pilotes y otros 7 m de espesor de las losas de piedra). Fueron necesarios 10 años de sentar las bases y 125.000 trabajadores participaron en su instalación. Dado que tenían que conservar los muros de la vieja iglesia, se observaron algunos asentamientos irregulares después de la colocación de los cimientos. Después de que apareciesen algunas grietas en las paredes se tuvieron que suspender los trabajos y demoler las partes restantes del edificio anterior. El director de las obras fue el arquitecto suizo Domenico Adamini (1792-1860).
En la decoración de la catedral de San Isaac se emplearon 43 tipos de minerales. El zócalo fue revestido de granito, el interior de la catedral, paredes y suelos de mármoles rusos, italianos y franceses, las columnas del retablo fueron revestidas de malaquita y lapislázuli. Para sobredorar la cúpula de 21,8 m de diámetro, se emplearon cerca de 100 kilos de oro. Adornan la catedral casi 400 obras entre esculturas, pinturas y mosaicos. Tiene capacidad para 14 mil personas.
Desde 1931 la catedral es un museo.
Se puede subir hasta el tambor de la cúpula, desde donde se puede contemplar una vista de San Petersburgo.
es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catedral_de_San_Isaac
Saint Isaac's Cathedral or Isaakievskiy Sobor (Russian: Исаа́киевский Собо́р) is a cathedral that currently functions as a museum in Saint Petersburg, Russia. It is dedicated to Saint Isaac of Dalmatia, a patron saint of Peter the Great, who had been born on the feast day of that saint. It was originally built as a cathedral but was turned into a museum by the Soviet government in 1931 and has remained a museum ever since. In 2017, the Governor of Saint Petersburg offered to transfer the cathedral back to the Russian Orthodox Church, but the church has not exercised this offer.
The church on St Isaac's Square was ordered by Tsar Alexander I, to replace an earlier structure by Vincenzo Brenna, and was the fourth consecutive church standing at this place. A specially appointed commission examined several designs, including that of the French-born architect Auguste de Montferrand (1786–1858), who had studied in the atelier of Napoleon's designer, Charles Percier. Montferrand's design was criticised by some members of the commission for the dry and allegedly boring rhythm of its four identical pedimented octastyle porticos. It was also suggested that despite gigantic dimensions, the edifice would look squat and not very impressive. The members of the commission, which consisted of well-known Russian architects, were also particularly concerned by necessity to build a new huge building on the old unsecure foundation. The emperor, who favoured the ponderous Empire style of architecture, had to step in and solve the dispute in Montferrand's favour.
The cathedral took 40 years to construct, under Montferrand's direction, from 1818 to 1858. The building of the cathedral took so long, that it left an idiom to Finnish language: rakentaa kuin Iisakinkirkkoa (To build like the church of Isaac) when speaking of long-term construction projects.
To secure the construction, the cathedral's foundation was strengthened by driving 25,000 piles into the fenland of Saint Petersburg. Innovative methods were created to erect the giant columns of the portico. The construction costs of the cathedral totalled an incredible sum of 1 000 000 gold rubles. Under the Soviet government, the building was stripped of religious trappings. In 1931, it was turned into the Museum of the History of Religion and Atheism, the dove sculpture was removed, and replaced by a Foucault pendulum. On April 12, 1931, the first public demonstration of the Foucault pendulum was held to visualize Copernicus’s theory. In 1937, the museum was transformed into the museum of the cathedral, and former collections were transferred to the Museum of the History of Religion (located in the Kazan Cathedral).
During World War II, the dome was painted over in gray to avoid attracting attention from enemy aircraft. On its top, in the skylight, a geodesical intersection point was placed, to determine the positions of German artillery batteries.
With the fall of communism, the museum was removed and regular worship activity has resumed in the cathedral, but only in the left-hand side chapel. The main body of the cathedral is used for services on feast days only.
On January 10, 2017 Georgy Poltavchenko, the Governor of St. Petersburg, announced that the cathedral would be transferred to the Russian Orthodox Church. The key protocols of the transfer were defined by the order issued by St. Petersburg’s Committee on Property Relations on December 30, 2016. The document expired on December 30, 2018. The new order can be issued upon request from the Russian Orthodox Church, but no such request has yet been submitted.
The transfer of Saint Isaac's Cathedral in use the ROC agreed in January 2017, but the decision has caused discontent of the townspeople, who defended the status of the museum. The decision of the city authorities was disputed in the courts. Currently, the status of the building is museum. Today, church services are held here only ecclesiastical occasions.
The neoclassical exterior expresses the traditional Russian-Byzantine formula of a Greek-cross ground plan with a large central dome and four subsidiary domes. It is similar to Andrea Palladio's Villa La Rotonda, with a full dome on a high drum substituted for the Villa's low central saucer dome. The design of the cathedral in general and the dome in particular later influenced the design of the United States Capitol dome, Wisconsin State Capitol in Madison, Wisconsin, and the Lutheran Cathedral in Helsinki.
The exterior is faced with gray and pink stone, and features a total of 112 red granite columns with Corinthian capitals, each hewn and erected as a single block: 48 at ground level, 24 on the rotunda of the uppermost dome, 8 on each of four side domes, and 2 framing each of four windows. The rotunda is encircled by a walkway accessible to tourists. 24 statues stand on the roof, and another 24 on top of the rotunda.
The cathedral's main dome rises 101.5 metres (333 ft) and is plated with pure gold. The dome is decorated with twelve statues of angels by Josef Hermann. These angels were likely the first large sculptures produced by the then novel process of electrotyping, which was an alternative to traditional bronze casting of sculptures. Montferrand's design of the dome is based on a supporting cast iron structure. It was the third historical instance of cast iron cupola after the Leaning Tower of Nevyansk (1732) and Mainz Cathedral (1826).
The cathedral's bronze doors, covered in reliefs by Ivan Vitali, are patterned after the celebrated doors of the Battistero di San Giovanni in Florence, designed by Lorenzo Ghiberti. Suspended underneath the peak of the dome is a sculpted white dove representing the Holy Spirit. Internal features such as columns, pilasters, floor, and statue of Montferrand are composed of multicolored granites and marbles gathered from all parts of Russia. The iconostasis is framed by eight columns of semiprecious stone: six of malachite and two smaller ones of lazurite. The four pediments are also richly sculpted.
The interior was originally decorated with scores of paintings by Karl Bryullov and other great Russian masters of the day. When these paintings began to deteriorate due to the cold, damp conditions inside the cathedral, Montferrand ordered them to be painstakingly reproduced as mosaics, a technique introduced in Russia by Mikhail Lomonosov. This work was never completed.
William Handyside and other engineers used a number of technological innovations in the construction of the building. The portico columns were raised with the use of large wooden frameworks before the walls were erected. The building rests on 10,000 tree trunks that were sunk by a large number of workers into the marshy banks upon which the cathedral is situated. The dome was gilded by a technique similar to spraypainting; the solution used included toxic mercury, the vapors of which caused the deaths of sixty workers. The dozen gilded statues of angels, each six metres tall, facing each other across the interior of the rotunda, were constructed using galvanoplastic technology, making them only millimeters thick and very lightweight. St. Isaac's Cathedral represents the first use of this technique in architecture.
The meticulous and painstakingly detailed work on constructing the St. Isaac's Cathedral took 40 years to complete, and left an expression in the Finnish language, rakentaa kuin Iisakin kirkkoa ("to build like St. Isaac's Church"), for lengthy and never-ending megaprojects.
Que tiempos aquellos en los que el "pantallazo azul" era como de la familia.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
El azul que se refleja en las ventanas del Hotel Silken Grand Domide Bilbao es el azul ultramar con el que están pintadas las oficinas del Guggenheim. Un azul que patentó Yves Klein (1928-1962) como IKB (International Klein Blue), un azul ultramarino profundo que Klein desarrolló con la ayuda de un amigo químico, un azul que encarnaba los motivos más abstractos de la naturaleza tangible y visible como son el cielo y el mar.
El azul que se refleja en la única ventana que se ve entera, la que tiene la "firma", la que está entreabierta, refleja el azul del cielo, un cielo atípico en la capital vizcaina, un cielo habitualmente cubierto por nubes grises.
La catedral de San Isaac, oficialmente catedral de San Isaac de Dalmacia (en ruso: собор преподо́бного Исаа́кия Далма́тского)? es una catedral ortodoxa rusa erigida en el siglo XIX en la ciudad de San Petersburgo, la más suntuosa y grandiosa de las iglesias de la ciudad y uno de los monumentos neoclásicos más interesantes de la arquitectura rusa del siglo XIX. Fue diseñada por el arquitecto francés Auguste Montferrand y fue construida desde 1818 hasta 1858.
La catedral se encuentra en la plaza del mismo nombre y la de los Decembristas, y tiene una de las cúpulas más grandes del mundo, siendo la segunda iglesia ortodoxa oriental más alta, después de la catedral del Cristo Salvador de Moscú. Desde 1931 se ha convertido en un museo. Es visitada actualmente por aproximadamente un millón de turistas cada año.
Anteriormente, en la zona del Almirantazgo existió una pequeña iglesia de madera dedicada a Isaac (monje), a la que sustituyó otra de piedra, que quedó inservible a mediados del siglo XVIII.
Por último, a comienzos del siglo XIX, se decide levantar la nueva catedral. Participan en el concurso destacados arquitectos de aquella época. Sale vencedor el joven arquitecto francés Auguste Montferrand. Los andamiajes para la catedral de San Isaac fueron realizados por el ingeniero español Agustín de Betancourt. Las obras se prolongaron desde 1818 hasta 1858.
La construcción comenzó en 1818. Antes de demoler el edificio anterior, se consolidó el suelo debido a que la ciudad está construida sobre un terreno muy pantanoso. La operación fue muy larga y compleja: a los 11.000 pilotes de pino alquitranados de la cimentación anterior, se añadieron 13.000 más, con un diámetro de 25 cm cada uno. Las losas de granito se colocaron directamente sobre los pilotes y fueron cubiertas con losas de piedra caliza.
Las cimentaciones tienen un grosor de 14,5 m (7,5 m de altura de los pilotes y otros 7 m de espesor de las losas de piedra). Fueron necesarios 10 años de sentar las bases y 125.000 trabajadores participaron en su instalación. Dado que tenían que conservar los muros de la vieja iglesia, se observaron algunos asentamientos irregulares después de la colocación de los cimientos. Después de que apareciesen algunas grietas en las paredes se tuvieron que suspender los trabajos y demoler las partes restantes del edificio anterior. El director de las obras fue el arquitecto suizo Domenico Adamini (1792-1860).
En la decoración de la catedral de San Isaac se emplearon 43 tipos de minerales. El zócalo fue revestido de granito, el interior de la catedral, paredes y suelos de mármoles rusos, italianos y franceses, las columnas del retablo fueron revestidas de malaquita y lapislázuli. Para sobredorar la cúpula de 21,8 m de diámetro, se emplearon cerca de 100 kilos de oro. Adornan la catedral casi 400 obras entre esculturas, pinturas y mosaicos. Tiene capacidad para 14 mil personas.
Desde 1931 la catedral es un museo.
Se puede subir hasta el tambor de la cúpula, desde donde se puede contemplar una vista de San Petersburgo.
es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catedral_de_San_Isaac
Saint Isaac's Cathedral or Isaakievskiy Sobor (Russian: Исаа́киевский Собо́р) is a cathedral that currently functions as a museum in Saint Petersburg, Russia. It is dedicated to Saint Isaac of Dalmatia, a patron saint of Peter the Great, who had been born on the feast day of that saint. It was originally built as a cathedral but was turned into a museum by the Soviet government in 1931 and has remained a museum ever since. In 2017, the Governor of Saint Petersburg offered to transfer the cathedral back to the Russian Orthodox Church, but the church has not exercised this offer.
The church on St Isaac's Square was ordered by Tsar Alexander I, to replace an earlier structure by Vincenzo Brenna, and was the fourth consecutive church standing at this place. A specially appointed commission examined several designs, including that of the French-born architect Auguste de Montferrand (1786–1858), who had studied in the atelier of Napoleon's designer, Charles Percier. Montferrand's design was criticised by some members of the commission for the dry and allegedly boring rhythm of its four identical pedimented octastyle porticos. It was also suggested that despite gigantic dimensions, the edifice would look squat and not very impressive. The members of the commission, which consisted of well-known Russian architects, were also particularly concerned by necessity to build a new huge building on the old unsecure foundation. The emperor, who favoured the ponderous Empire style of architecture, had to step in and solve the dispute in Montferrand's favour.
The cathedral took 40 years to construct, under Montferrand's direction, from 1818 to 1858. The building of the cathedral took so long, that it left an idiom to Finnish language: rakentaa kuin Iisakinkirkkoa (To build like the church of Isaac) when speaking of long-term construction projects.
To secure the construction, the cathedral's foundation was strengthened by driving 25,000 piles into the fenland of Saint Petersburg. Innovative methods were created to erect the giant columns of the portico. The construction costs of the cathedral totalled an incredible sum of 1 000 000 gold rubles. Under the Soviet government, the building was stripped of religious trappings. In 1931, it was turned into the Museum of the History of Religion and Atheism, the dove sculpture was removed, and replaced by a Foucault pendulum. On April 12, 1931, the first public demonstration of the Foucault pendulum was held to visualize Copernicus’s theory. In 1937, the museum was transformed into the museum of the cathedral, and former collections were transferred to the Museum of the History of Religion (located in the Kazan Cathedral).
During World War II, the dome was painted over in gray to avoid attracting attention from enemy aircraft. On its top, in the skylight, a geodesical intersection point was placed, to determine the positions of German artillery batteries.
With the fall of communism, the museum was removed and regular worship activity has resumed in the cathedral, but only in the left-hand side chapel. The main body of the cathedral is used for services on feast days only.
On January 10, 2017 Georgy Poltavchenko, the Governor of St. Petersburg, announced that the cathedral would be transferred to the Russian Orthodox Church. The key protocols of the transfer were defined by the order issued by St. Petersburg’s Committee on Property Relations on December 30, 2016. The document expired on December 30, 2018. The new order can be issued upon request from the Russian Orthodox Church, but no such request has yet been submitted.
The transfer of Saint Isaac's Cathedral in use the ROC agreed in January 2017, but the decision has caused discontent of the townspeople, who defended the status of the museum. The decision of the city authorities was disputed in the courts. Currently, the status of the building is museum. Today, church services are held here only ecclesiastical occasions.
The neoclassical exterior expresses the traditional Russian-Byzantine formula of a Greek-cross ground plan with a large central dome and four subsidiary domes. It is similar to Andrea Palladio's Villa La Rotonda, with a full dome on a high drum substituted for the Villa's low central saucer dome. The design of the cathedral in general and the dome in particular later influenced the design of the United States Capitol dome, Wisconsin State Capitol in Madison, Wisconsin, and the Lutheran Cathedral in Helsinki.
The exterior is faced with gray and pink stone, and features a total of 112 red granite columns with Corinthian capitals, each hewn and erected as a single block: 48 at ground level, 24 on the rotunda of the uppermost dome, 8 on each of four side domes, and 2 framing each of four windows. The rotunda is encircled by a walkway accessible to tourists. 24 statues stand on the roof, and another 24 on top of the rotunda.
The cathedral's main dome rises 101.5 metres (333 ft) and is plated with pure gold. The dome is decorated with twelve statues of angels by Josef Hermann. These angels were likely the first large sculptures produced by the then novel process of electrotyping, which was an alternative to traditional bronze casting of sculptures. Montferrand's design of the dome is based on a supporting cast iron structure. It was the third historical instance of cast iron cupola after the Leaning Tower of Nevyansk (1732) and Mainz Cathedral (1826).
The cathedral's bronze doors, covered in reliefs by Ivan Vitali, are patterned after the celebrated doors of the Battistero di San Giovanni in Florence, designed by Lorenzo Ghiberti. Suspended underneath the peak of the dome is a sculpted white dove representing the Holy Spirit. Internal features such as columns, pilasters, floor, and statue of Montferrand are composed of multicolored granites and marbles gathered from all parts of Russia. The iconostasis is framed by eight columns of semiprecious stone: six of malachite and two smaller ones of lazurite. The four pediments are also richly sculpted.
The interior was originally decorated with scores of paintings by Karl Bryullov and other great Russian masters of the day. When these paintings began to deteriorate due to the cold, damp conditions inside the cathedral, Montferrand ordered them to be painstakingly reproduced as mosaics, a technique introduced in Russia by Mikhail Lomonosov. This work was never completed.
William Handyside and other engineers used a number of technological innovations in the construction of the building. The portico columns were raised with the use of large wooden frameworks before the walls were erected. The building rests on 10,000 tree trunks that were sunk by a large number of workers into the marshy banks upon which the cathedral is situated. The dome was gilded by a technique similar to spraypainting; the solution used included toxic mercury, the vapors of which caused the deaths of sixty workers. The dozen gilded statues of angels, each six metres tall, facing each other across the interior of the rotunda, were constructed using galvanoplastic technology, making them only millimeters thick and very lightweight. St. Isaac's Cathedral represents the first use of this technique in architecture.
The meticulous and painstakingly detailed work on constructing the St. Isaac's Cathedral took 40 years to complete, and left an expression in the Finnish language, rakentaa kuin Iisakin kirkkoa ("to build like St. Isaac's Church"), for lengthy and never-ending megaprojects.
Pakora de Alexargai y Piazzia de Pencio
Hice el donut Pakora de Alexargai y quería montar un collar con él y para que no quedase tan soso lo he acompañado con una pieza preciosa de Pencio, Piazzia.
La catedral de San Isaac, oficialmente catedral de San Isaac de Dalmacia (en ruso: собор преподо́бного Исаа́кия Далма́тского)? es una catedral ortodoxa rusa erigida en el siglo XIX en la ciudad de San Petersburgo, la más suntuosa y grandiosa de las iglesias de la ciudad y uno de los monumentos neoclásicos más interesantes de la arquitectura rusa del siglo XIX. Fue diseñada por el arquitecto francés Auguste Montferrand y fue construida desde 1818 hasta 1858.
La catedral se encuentra en la plaza del mismo nombre y la de los Decembristas, y tiene una de las cúpulas más grandes del mundo, siendo la segunda iglesia ortodoxa oriental más alta, después de la catedral del Cristo Salvador de Moscú. Desde 1931 se ha convertido en un museo. Es visitada actualmente por aproximadamente un millón de turistas cada año.
Anteriormente, en la zona del Almirantazgo existió una pequeña iglesia de madera dedicada a Isaac (monje), a la que sustituyó otra de piedra, que quedó inservible a mediados del siglo XVIII.
Por último, a comienzos del siglo XIX, se decide levantar la nueva catedral. Participan en el concurso destacados arquitectos de aquella época. Sale vencedor el joven arquitecto francés Auguste Montferrand. Los andamiajes para la catedral de San Isaac fueron realizados por el ingeniero español Agustín de Betancourt. Las obras se prolongaron desde 1818 hasta 1858.
La construcción comenzó en 1818. Antes de demoler el edificio anterior, se consolidó el suelo debido a que la ciudad está construida sobre un terreno muy pantanoso. La operación fue muy larga y compleja: a los 11.000 pilotes de pino alquitranados de la cimentación anterior, se añadieron 13.000 más, con un diámetro de 25 cm cada uno. Las losas de granito se colocaron directamente sobre los pilotes y fueron cubiertas con losas de piedra caliza.
Las cimentaciones tienen un grosor de 14,5 m (7,5 m de altura de los pilotes y otros 7 m de espesor de las losas de piedra). Fueron necesarios 10 años de sentar las bases y 125.000 trabajadores participaron en su instalación. Dado que tenían que conservar los muros de la vieja iglesia, se observaron algunos asentamientos irregulares después de la colocación de los cimientos. Después de que apareciesen algunas grietas en las paredes se tuvieron que suspender los trabajos y demoler las partes restantes del edificio anterior. El director de las obras fue el arquitecto suizo Domenico Adamini (1792-1860).
En la decoración de la catedral de San Isaac se emplearon 43 tipos de minerales. El zócalo fue revestido de granito, el interior de la catedral, paredes y suelos de mármoles rusos, italianos y franceses, las columnas del retablo fueron revestidas de malaquita y lapislázuli. Para sobredorar la cúpula de 21,8 m de diámetro, se emplearon cerca de 100 kilos de oro. Adornan la catedral casi 400 obras entre esculturas, pinturas y mosaicos. Tiene capacidad para 14 mil personas.
Desde 1931 la catedral es un museo.
Se puede subir hasta el tambor de la cúpula, desde donde se puede contemplar una vista de San Petersburgo.
es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catedral_de_San_Isaac
Saint Isaac's Cathedral or Isaakievskiy Sobor (Russian: Исаа́киевский Собо́р) is a cathedral that currently functions as a museum in Saint Petersburg, Russia. It is dedicated to Saint Isaac of Dalmatia, a patron saint of Peter the Great, who had been born on the feast day of that saint. It was originally built as a cathedral but was turned into a museum by the Soviet government in 1931 and has remained a museum ever since. In 2017, the Governor of Saint Petersburg offered to transfer the cathedral back to the Russian Orthodox Church, but the church has not exercised this offer.
The church on St Isaac's Square was ordered by Tsar Alexander I, to replace an earlier structure by Vincenzo Brenna, and was the fourth consecutive church standing at this place. A specially appointed commission examined several designs, including that of the French-born architect Auguste de Montferrand (1786–1858), who had studied in the atelier of Napoleon's designer, Charles Percier. Montferrand's design was criticised by some members of the commission for the dry and allegedly boring rhythm of its four identical pedimented octastyle porticos. It was also suggested that despite gigantic dimensions, the edifice would look squat and not very impressive. The members of the commission, which consisted of well-known Russian architects, were also particularly concerned by necessity to build a new huge building on the old unsecure foundation. The emperor, who favoured the ponderous Empire style of architecture, had to step in and solve the dispute in Montferrand's favour.
The cathedral took 40 years to construct, under Montferrand's direction, from 1818 to 1858. The building of the cathedral took so long, that it left an idiom to Finnish language: rakentaa kuin Iisakinkirkkoa (To build like the church of Isaac) when speaking of long-term construction projects.
To secure the construction, the cathedral's foundation was strengthened by driving 25,000 piles into the fenland of Saint Petersburg. Innovative methods were created to erect the giant columns of the portico. The construction costs of the cathedral totalled an incredible sum of 1 000 000 gold rubles. Under the Soviet government, the building was stripped of religious trappings. In 1931, it was turned into the Museum of the History of Religion and Atheism, the dove sculpture was removed, and replaced by a Foucault pendulum. On April 12, 1931, the first public demonstration of the Foucault pendulum was held to visualize Copernicus’s theory. In 1937, the museum was transformed into the museum of the cathedral, and former collections were transferred to the Museum of the History of Religion (located in the Kazan Cathedral).
During World War II, the dome was painted over in gray to avoid attracting attention from enemy aircraft. On its top, in the skylight, a geodesical intersection point was placed, to determine the positions of German artillery batteries.
With the fall of communism, the museum was removed and regular worship activity has resumed in the cathedral, but only in the left-hand side chapel. The main body of the cathedral is used for services on feast days only.
On January 10, 2017 Georgy Poltavchenko, the Governor of St. Petersburg, announced that the cathedral would be transferred to the Russian Orthodox Church. The key protocols of the transfer were defined by the order issued by St. Petersburg’s Committee on Property Relations on December 30, 2016. The document expired on December 30, 2018. The new order can be issued upon request from the Russian Orthodox Church, but no such request has yet been submitted.
The transfer of Saint Isaac's Cathedral in use the ROC agreed in January 2017, but the decision has caused discontent of the townspeople, who defended the status of the museum. The decision of the city authorities was disputed in the courts. Currently, the status of the building is museum. Today, church services are held here only ecclesiastical occasions.
The neoclassical exterior expresses the traditional Russian-Byzantine formula of a Greek-cross ground plan with a large central dome and four subsidiary domes. It is similar to Andrea Palladio's Villa La Rotonda, with a full dome on a high drum substituted for the Villa's low central saucer dome. The design of the cathedral in general and the dome in particular later influenced the design of the United States Capitol dome, Wisconsin State Capitol in Madison, Wisconsin, and the Lutheran Cathedral in Helsinki.
The exterior is faced with gray and pink stone, and features a total of 112 red granite columns with Corinthian capitals, each hewn and erected as a single block: 48 at ground level, 24 on the rotunda of the uppermost dome, 8 on each of four side domes, and 2 framing each of four windows. The rotunda is encircled by a walkway accessible to tourists. 24 statues stand on the roof, and another 24 on top of the rotunda.
The cathedral's main dome rises 101.5 metres (333 ft) and is plated with pure gold. The dome is decorated with twelve statues of angels by Josef Hermann. These angels were likely the first large sculptures produced by the then novel process of electrotyping, which was an alternative to traditional bronze casting of sculptures. Montferrand's design of the dome is based on a supporting cast iron structure. It was the third historical instance of cast iron cupola after the Leaning Tower of Nevyansk (1732) and Mainz Cathedral (1826).
The cathedral's bronze doors, covered in reliefs by Ivan Vitali, are patterned after the celebrated doors of the Battistero di San Giovanni in Florence, designed by Lorenzo Ghiberti. Suspended underneath the peak of the dome is a sculpted white dove representing the Holy Spirit. Internal features such as columns, pilasters, floor, and statue of Montferrand are composed of multicolored granites and marbles gathered from all parts of Russia. The iconostasis is framed by eight columns of semiprecious stone: six of malachite and two smaller ones of lazurite. The four pediments are also richly sculpted.
The interior was originally decorated with scores of paintings by Karl Bryullov and other great Russian masters of the day. When these paintings began to deteriorate due to the cold, damp conditions inside the cathedral, Montferrand ordered them to be painstakingly reproduced as mosaics, a technique introduced in Russia by Mikhail Lomonosov. This work was never completed.
William Handyside and other engineers used a number of technological innovations in the construction of the building. The portico columns were raised with the use of large wooden frameworks before the walls were erected. The building rests on 10,000 tree trunks that were sunk by a large number of workers into the marshy banks upon which the cathedral is situated. The dome was gilded by a technique similar to spraypainting; the solution used included toxic mercury, the vapors of which caused the deaths of sixty workers. The dozen gilded statues of angels, each six metres tall, facing each other across the interior of the rotunda, were constructed using galvanoplastic technology, making them only millimeters thick and very lightweight. St. Isaac's Cathedral represents the first use of this technique in architecture.
The meticulous and painstakingly detailed work on constructing the St. Isaac's Cathedral took 40 years to complete, and left an expression in the Finnish language, rakentaa kuin Iisakin kirkkoa ("to build like St. Isaac's Church"), for lengthy and never-ending megaprojects.
Herakles knot diadem with floral, wreath and rosettes. Inlaid stones (emerald, garnet, lapis). Lion finials. Gold. From the Thessaly Treasure. Thessaly, Greece. Hellenistic, 3rd Century BC - 2nd Century BC. From the Benaki Museum, Athens. Special Exhibition: Pergamon and the Hellenistic Kingdoms of the Ancient World. Metropolitan Museum. New York, New York, USA. Copyright 2016, James A. Glazier.
Pendientes bordados en ultrasuede y con piedras de lapislázuli.En un principio sólo eran la parte central;pero para alargarlos y darle un poco mas de movimiento se me ocurrió ponerle tres piezas colgantes.Quedan divinos puestos!!
Un huevo de Fabergé es una de las sesenta y nueve joyas creadas por Carl Fabergé y sus artesanos de la empresa Fabergé para los zares de Rusia, así como para algunos miembros de la nobleza y la burguesía industrial y financiera, entre los años 1885 y 1917. Los huevos se consideran obras maestras de la joyería.
La fiesta más importante del calendario de la Iglesia ortodoxa rusa es la Pascua. Se celebra con tres besos y el intercambio de huevos de Pascua. Por lo que respecta a los huevos imperiales de Fabergé, estos comenzaron a fabricarse en 1885 cuando el zar Alejandro III encargó un huevo de Pascua para su esposa, la emperatriz María Fiódorovna. El huevo recordaba a la patria de la emperatriz, Dinamarca, ya que el joyero se había inspirado en un huevo de pascua que se encontraba en las colecciones reales danesas y tanto agradó a la zarina que el zar ordenó que Peter Carl Gustávovich Fabergé fabricara un huevo de Pascua cada año para la zarina, estipulando solamente que el huevo fuese único y que encerrase una sorpresa.
También en 1885 Fabergé fue nombrado proveedor oficial de la corte imperial rusa. El joyero y su equipo de orfebres y artesanos, entre ellos maestros joyeros como el ruso Michael Perkhin y los finlandeses Henrik Wigström y Erik August Kollin, diseñaron y confeccionaron huevos de Pascua durante once años más para Alejandro III de Rusia hasta que este falleció, continuando su hijo y sucesor Nicolás II con la tradición. Estos proyectos se convirtieron en prioridad absoluta de la compañía y fueron planeados y trabajados con un año o más de antelación: la sorpresa que contenía el huevo se mantenía siempre en secreto.
Para el diseño de los huevos imperiales Fabergé se inspiró en distintos estilos artísticos europeos, como el Barroco, el Rococó, el Neoclásico o el Modernista, así como en obras de arte que contempló durante sus estancias y viajes por Europa. Había huevos creados para conmemorar acontecimientos tales como la coronación del zar Nicolás II, la terminación del ferrocarril Transiberiano, así como para celebrar aniversarios importantes. Otros huevos guardaban en su interior el yate imperial Standart, la catedral de Uspensky, el palacio de Gátchina o el palacio Alejandro, por citar unos ejemplos.
De los 69 huevos que hizo en total la Casa Fabergé para los zares, la aristocracia y la élite industrial y financiera, se conservan 61. Se conocen cincuenta y dos huevos imperiales, cuarenta y cuatro de los cuales se han localizado hoy, entre ellos los dos últimos de 1917 que nunca fueron entregados ni terminados a causa de la Revolución rusa, destacando el huevo de la constelación del Zarévich. Los restantes 8 huevos imperiales se consideran perdidos o desaparecidos (Stalin ordenó venderlos para recaudar fondos1); dos se conocen solamente por haber sido fotografiados en primer plano, otros tres se han descubierto en 2007, dos de ellos en una foto tomada a una vitrina de la zarina María Fiódorovna, donde aparece el tercer huevo imperial (este huevo fue recientemente descubierto y será rematado)2 y el huevo con querubín y carruaje, este último quedó reflejado en el cristal de la misma, en cuanto al huevo del neceser figura en una fotografía de la joyería Wartski, Londres, en la parte inferior de una vitrina. No se tiene ningún documento visual de los otros tres.
Otros siete huevos de Pascua fueron encargados por Alejandro Ferdinándovich Kelch, dueño de minas de oro en Siberia, para su esposa Bárbara. Asimismo personajes de la época como Alfred Nobel, el Príncipe Yusúpov, los duques de Marlborough entre otras personas de categoría no imperial encargaron los suyos, sumando un total de ocho huevos. Sin embargo, la colección imperial de huevos de Pascua encargada por los dos últimos zares rusos es la más famosa.
Entre los materiales usados por Fabergé figuran metales como el oro, platino, plata, cobre, níquel, paladio y acero, los cuales fueron combinados en distintas proporciones con el fin de conseguir diferentes colores para la "cáscara" del huevo.
Otra técnica usada por Fabergé fue la conocida como guilloché, un tratamiento de grabado superficial sobre metal que consiste en hacer ondas, estrías o cualquier otro dibujo, de un modo repetitivo y simétrico, que se podía realizar a máquina o a mano. Fabergé se mostraba orgulloso de que todas las materias primas que se empleaban en su taller provenían de distintas partes de Rusia. Muchos huevos incluían minerales como el jaspe, la malaquita, la rodonita, el cristal de roca, el ágata, la aventurina, el lapislázuli y el jade (nefrita sobre todo, aunque usaba a veces la jadeíta). El huevo de 1917, destinado a la zarina María Fyodorevna, estaba realizado en madera de abedul de Karelia.
Las piedras preciosas, incluyendo los zafiros, los rubíes y las esmeraldas, fueron utilizadas para la decoración de los huevos y/o la sorpresa que contenían. Cuando se usaban era en la talla conocida como cabujón (corte redondo). En cuanto al tipo de talla empleada para los diamantes, era la típica talla rosa. Por otra parte también se emplearon piedras semipreciosas como las piedras de luna, los granates, los olivinos y las piedras de Mecca, usadas más a menudo en la talla cabujón.
La fuente primaria de inspiración de Fabergé venía de los trabajos de siglos anteriores. El esmalte translúcido era una técnica muy valorada en el siglo XIX, que requería de varias capas de esmalte que se secaban en un horno después de aplicar cada capa. Sin embargo, durante el siglo XIX se disponía solamente de una limitada gama de colores, de modo que Fabergé experimentó y pronto aumentó su paleta de colores hasta lograr más de 140 tonalidades diferentes. El más apreciado fue el esmalte de ostra, el cual variaba de color dependiendo de la luz.
La Casa Fabergé fabricó, entre otros tantos objetos decorativos, accesorios para escritorio y joyas y muchos más huevos de Pascua, pero los más célebres son los que a continuación se detallan.
es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huevo_de_Fabergé
www.san-petersburgo.net/museo-faberge/
A Fabergé egg (Russian: Яйца Фаберже́, yaytsa faberzhe) is a jewelled egg (possibly numbering as many as 69, of which 57 survive today) created by the House of Fabergé, in St. Petersburg, Imperial Russia. Virtually all were manufactured under the supervision of Peter Carl Fabergé between 1885 and 1917, the most famous being the 52 "Imperial" eggs, 44 of which survive, made for the Russian Tsars Alexander III and Nicholas II as Easter gifts for their wives and mothers.
The first Fabergé egg was crafted for Tsar Alexander III, who had decided to give his wife, the Empress Maria Feodorovna, an Easter egg in 1885, possibly to celebrate the 20th anniversary of their betrothal. Although there is no official record of the Tsar's inspiration for it, many believe that he was moved by an egg owned by the Empress's aunt, Princess Vilhelmine Marie of Denmark, which had captivated Maria's imagination in her childhood and of which the Tsar was well aware. Known as the Hen Egg, the very first Fabergé egg is crafted from a foundation of gold. Its opaque white enameled "shell" opens to reveal a matte yellow-gold yolk. This in turn opens to reveal a multicolored gold hen that also opens. The hen contained a minute diamond replica of the imperial crown from which a small ruby pendant was suspended, but these last two elements have been lost.
Maria was so delighted by the gift that Alexander appointed Fabergé a "goldsmith by special appointment to the Imperial Crown" and commissioned another egg the next year. After that, Peter Carl Fabergé was apparently given complete freedom for the design of future imperial Easter eggs, and their designs became more elaborate. According to Fabergé family lore, not even the Tsar knew what form they would take—the only requirements were that each contain a surprise, and that each be unique. Once Fabergé had approved an initial design, the work was carried out by a team of craftsmen, among them Michael Perkhin, Henrik Wigström and Erik August Kollin.
After Alexander III's death on 1 November 1894, his son, Nicholas II, presented a Fabergé egg to both his wife, Alexandra Fedorovna, and his mother, the Dowager Empress Maria Fedorovna. Records have shown that of the 50 imperial Easter eggs, 20 were given to the former and 30 to the latter. Eggs were made each year except 1904 and 1905, during the Russo-Japanese War.
The imperial eggs enjoyed great fame, and Fabergé was commissioned to make similar eggs for a few private clients, including the Duchess of Marlborough, the Rothschild family and the Yusupovs. Fabergé was also commissioned to make twelve eggs for the industrialist Alexander Kelch, though only seven appear to have been completed.
Following the revolution and the nationalization of the Fabergé workshop in St. Petersburg by the bolsheviks in 1918, the Fabergé family left Russia. The Fabergé trademark has since been sold several times and several companies have retailed egg-related merchandise using the Fabergé name. The Victor Mayer jewelry company produced limited edition heirloom quality Fabergé eggs authorized under Unilever's license from 1998 to 2009. The trademark is now owned by Fabergé Limited, which makes egg-themed jewellery.
In 2015 the owners of this trademark announced the creation of a new "Fabergé" egg, one styled by them as belonging to the "Imperial Class" of eggs and therefore the first Imperial-Class egg in 100 years: the Fabergé Pearl egg is to be sold in Qatar following a five-day exhibition some time in 2017. A spokesperson for the brand said it expected the egg to fetch at least two million US dollars, possibly much more. Despite its designation as "Imperial", it has no connection to Imperial Russia and instead has become closely tied to wealthy Arab ruling families of various Gulf Nations.[4] Its motif has been described as "scalloped", but the patterns of its curves and lines are also clearly derived from the girih and arabesque of Islamic interlace patterns, and each of its six vertical segments includes a stylized pointed dome and associated pendentives reminiscent of the onion dome and ceiling of an Arabic mosque.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fabergé_egg
Peter Carl Fabergé, conocido también como Karl Gustavovich Fabergé (en ruso, Карл Густавович Фаберже) (30 de mayo de 1846, San Petersburgo, Rusia – 24 de septiembre de 1920, Lausana, Suiza), fue un joyero ruso. Es considerado uno de los orfebres más destacados del mundo, que realizó 69 huevos de Pascua entre los años 1885 a 1917, 61 de ellos se conservan.
En 1870 pasa a ser el responsable de la empresa familiar de joyería en San Petersburgo. Con una excelente reputación como diseñador, trabaja con piedras preciosas y metales, y realiza diseños de diferentes estilos como ruso antiguo, griego, renacentista, barroco, Art Nouveau, naturalista y caricaturesco.
Sus obras fueron expuestas en la Exposición Panrusa de Moscú de 1882 y recibieron la medalla de oro. Recibió el nombramiento de orfebre y joyero de la Corte Imperial Rusa y de otras muchas monarquías europeas. Fabricó joyas con forma de huevos de Pascua de oro y esmalte, animales en miniatura, cálices, bomboneras y otros objetos
Para la Pascua de 1885, el zar Alejandro III le encargó al orfebre Peter Carl Fabergé la construcción de un huevo para regalarle a su mujer, la zarina María. El regalo consistió en un huevo con cáscara de platino que contenía dentro uno más pequeño de oro. Al abrirse este último, se encontraba una gallina de oro en miniatura que tenía sobre su cabeza una réplica de la corona imperial rusa. Este particular Huevo de Pascua le gustó tanto a la emperatriz que el zar le ordenó a Fabergé que realizara uno nuevo para cada Pascua.
Once fueron en total los huevos que Alejandro III le regaló a su mujer. Luego, su hijo Nicolás II continuó con esta tradición y mandó realizar otros para regalarle a su mujer y a su madre. Los 57 huevos que confeccionó la casa Fabergé tenían en su interior algún obsequio, réplica en miniatura de una de las pertenencias de los zares.
La Revolución rusa acabó con la firma.
Desde la Segunda Guerra Mundial han salido a subasta seis de estas obras de arte. En noviembre de 1994 el Winter Egg (creado en 1913, y que se creía perdido hasta 1984) alcanzó los 5.600.000 dólares.
Recientemente (28 de noviembre de 2007) un huevo fabricado por Fabergé para la familia de banqueros Rothschild, alcanzó en subasta el precio récord de 18 millones de dólares.
es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Carl_Fabergé
www.san-petersburgo.net/museo-faberge/
Peter Carl Fabergé, also known as Karl Gustavovich Fabergé (Russian: Карл Гу́ставович Фаберже́, Karl Gustavovich Faberzhe; 30 May 1846 – 24 September 1920), was a Russian jeweller best known for the famous Fabergé eggs made in the style of genuine Easter eggs, but using precious metals and gemstones rather than more mundane materials. He was the founder of the famous jewelry legacy House of Fabergé.
Peter Carl Faberge was born in Saint Petersburg, Russia, to the Baltic German jeweller Gustav Fabergé and his Danish wife Charlotte Jungstedt. Gustav Fabergé's paternal ancestors were Huguenots, originally from La Bouteille, Picardy, who fled from France after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes, first to Germany near Berlin, then in 1800 to the Pernau (today Pärnu)[2] Baltic province of Livonia, then part of Russia, now Estonia.
Until he was 14 years old he went to the German St Anne School in Saint Petersburg, Russia.[citation needed] In 1860 his father retired from his jewelry business and moved with his family to Germany. He left the House of Fabergé in Saint Petersburg in the hands of his business partner. Carl Fabergé undertook a course at the Dresden Arts and Crafts School. In 1862 Agathon Fabergé, the Fabergés' second son, was born in Dresden, Germany, where he went to school as well.
In 1864, Peter Carl Fabergé embarked upon a Grand Tour of Europe. He received tuition from respected goldsmiths in Germany, France and England, attended a course at Schloss's Commercial College in Paris, and viewed the objects in the galleries of Europe's leading museums.
His travel and study continued until 1872, when at the age of 26 he returned to St. Petersburg and married Augusta Julia Jacobs. 1874 saw the arrival of his first child, Eugene Fabergé and two years later, Agathon Fabergé was born; Alexander Fabergé and Nicholas Fabergé followed in 1877 and 1884 respectively. For the following 10 years, his father's trusted workmaster Hiskias Pendin acted as his mentor and tutor. The company was also involved with cataloguing, repairing, and restoring objects in the Hermitage during the 1870s. In 1881 the business moved to larger street-level premises at 16/18 Bolshaya Morskaya.
Upon the death of Hiskias Pendin in 1882, Carl Fabergé took sole responsibility for running the company. Carl was awarded the title Master Goldsmith, which permitted him to use his own hallmark in addition to that of the firm. In 1885 his brother Agathon Fabergé joined the firm and became Carl Faberge's main assistant in the designing of jewelry.[3]
Carl and Agathon Fabergé Sr. were a sensation at the Pan-Russian Exhibition held in Moscow in 1882. Carl was awarded a gold medal and the St. Stanisias Medal. One of the Fabergé pieces displayed was a replica of a 4th-century BC gold bangle from the Scythian Treasure in the Hermitage. The Tsar, Alexander III, "Emperor and Autocrat of all the Russians", declared that he could not distinguish the Fabergé's work from the original and ordered that objects by the House of Fabergé should be displayed in the Hermitage as examples of superb contemporary Russian craftsmanship. The House of Fabergé with its range of jewels was now within the focus of Russia's Imperial Court.
When Peter Carl took over the House, there was a move from producing jewellery in the then-fashionable French 18th century style to becoming artist-jewellers. Fabergé's production of the very first so-called Fabergé egg, the Hen Egg, given as a gift from the Tsar to his wife Maria Fyodorovna on Orthodox Easter (24 March) of 1885 so delighted her that on 1 May the Emperor assigned Fabergé the title Goldsmith by special appointment to the Imperial Crown of that year. This meant that Fabergé now had full personal access to the important Hermitage Collection, where he was able to study and find inspiration for developing his unique personal style. Influenced by the jewelled bouquets created by the eighteenth century goldsmiths Jean-Jacques Duval and Jérémie Pauzié, Fabergé re-worked their ideas combining them with his accurate observations and his fascination for Japanese art. This resulted in a revival of the lost art of enameling and a focus on the setting of every single gemstone in a piece to its best visual advantage. Indeed, it was not unusual for Agathon to make ten or more wax models so that all possibilities could be exhausted before deciding on a final design. Shortly after Agathon joined the firm, the House introduced objects deluxe: gold bejewelled items embellished with enamel ranging from electric bell pushes to cigarette cases and including objects de fantaisie.
In light of the Empress' response to receiving one of Fabergé's eggs on Easter, the Tsar soon commissioned the company to make an Easter egg as a gift for her every year thereafter. The Tsar placed an order for another egg the following year. Beginning in 1887, the Tsar apparently gave Carl Fabergé complete freedom with regard to egg designs, which then became more and more elaborate. According to Fabergé Family tradition, not even the Tsar knew what form they would take— the only stipulation was that each one should be unique and each should contain a surprise. Upon the death of Alexander III, his son, the next Tsar, Nicholas II, followed this tradition and expanded it by requesting that there be two eggs each year, one for his mother (who was eventually given a total of 30 such eggs) and one for his wife, Alexandra (who received another 20). These Easter gift eggs are today distinguished from the other jeweled eggs Fabergé ended up producing by their designation as "Imperial Easter eggs" or "Tsar Imperial Easter eggs". The tradition continued until the October Revolution when the entire Romanov dynasty was executed and the eggs and many other treasures were confiscated by the interim government. The two final eggs were never delivered nor paid for.
Although today the House of Fabergé is famed for its Imperial Easter eggs, it made many more objects ranging from silver tableware to fine jewelry which were also of exceptional quality and beauty, and until its departure from Russia during the revolution, Fabergé's company became the largest jewelry business in the country. In addition to its Saint Petersburg headquarters, it had branches in Moscow, Odessa, Kiev and London. It produced some 150,000 to 200,000 objects from 1882 until 1917.
In 1900, Fabergé's work represented Russia at the 1900 World's Fair in Paris. As Carl Fabergé was a member of the jury, the House of Fabergé exhibited hors concours (without competing). Nevertheless, the House was awarded a gold medal and the city's jewelers recognized Carl Fabergé as a maître. Additionally, France recognized Carl Fabergé with one of the most prestigious of French awards, appointing him a knight of the Legion of Honour. Two of Carl's sons and his head workmaster were also honored. Commercially, the exposition was a great success and the firm acquired a great many orders and clients.
In 1916, the House of Fabergé became a joint-stock company with a capital of 3-million rubles.
The following year upon the outbreak of the October Revolution, the business was taken over by a 'Committee of the Employees of the Company K Fabergé. In 1918 The House of Fabergé was nationalised by the Bolsheviks. In early October the stock was confiscated. The House of Fabergé was no more.]
After the nationalisation of the business, Carl Fabergé left St. Petersburg on the last diplomatic train for Riga. In mid-November, the Revolution having reached Latvia, he fled to Germany and first settled in Bad Homburg and then in Wiesbaden. Eugène, the Fabergés' eldest, travelled with his mother in darkness by sleigh and on foot through snow-covered woods and reached Finland in December 1918. During June 1920, Eugène reached Wiesbaden and accompanied his father to Switzerland where other members of the family had taken refuge at the Bellevue Hotel in Pully, near Lausanne.
Peter Carl Fabergé never recovered from the shock of the Russian Revolution. He died in Switzerland on September 24, 1920. His family believed he died of a broken heart. His wife, Augusta, died in 1925. The two were reunited in 1929 when Eugène Fabergé took his father's ashes from Lausanne and buried them in his mother's grave at the Cimetière du Grand Jas in Cannes, France.
Fabergé had four sons: Eugène (1874–1960), Agathon (1876–1951), Alexander (1877–1952) and Nicholas (1884–1939). Descendants of Peter Carl Fabergé live in mainland Europe, Scandinavia and South America.
Henry Bainbridge, a manager of the London branch of the House of Fabergé, recorded recollections of his meetings with his employer in both his autobiography and the book he wrote about Fabergé. We are also given an insight into the man from the recollections of François Birbaum, Fabergé's senior master craftsman from 1893 until the House's demise.
From Bainbridge we know that while punctilious with his dress, Fabergé "rarely if ever wore black but favoured well-cut tweeds". He added "There was an air of the country gentleman about him, at times he reminded one of an immaculate gamekeeper with large pockets." He was a very focused individual with no wasted actions or speech. He did not like small talk. On one occasion during dinner Bainbridge, feeling out of the conversation said, "I see Lord Swaythingly is dead". Fabergé asked who he was and upon being told responded cuttingly, "And what can I do with a dead banker?"
When taking orders from customers he was always in a hurry and would soon forget the fine detail. He would then interrogate the staff so as to find any who had been standing near him and may have overheard. His great-granddaughter Tatiana Fabergé notes that he usually had a knotted handkerchief in his breast pocket.
When Carl noticed an unsuccessfully wrought item, he would call for his senior master craftsman and make endless derisory and ironic remarks. On occasions when Birbaum realized Fabergé was the designer, he would show him his sketch. Fabergé would then smile guiltily and say, "Since there is nobody to scold me, I have had to do it myself".
From Birbaum we also know that Carl was famous for his wit and was quite merciless to fops, whom he hated. A certain prince who fell into this category boasted to Fabergé about his latest honour from the Tsar, adding that he had no idea as to why the award was made. The prince expected the jeweler to shower him with congratulations. Instead, Fabergé simply replied, "Indeed, your Highness, I too have no idea what for".
Carl never traveled with luggage—he bought all his requisites at his destination. On one occasion, when he arrived at the Negresco Hotel in Nice the doorman barred him from entering because of the amount of luggage he carried. Thankfully one of the grand dukes who was in residence called out a greeting and Carl Fabergé was promptly ushered apologetically into the establishment.
Bainbridge concludes, "Taking him all in all, Fabergé came as near to a complete understanding of human nature as it is possible for a man to come, with one word only inscribed on his banner, and that word – tolerance. There is no doubt whatsoever that this consideration for the worth of others was the foundation for his success."