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Sketch of Joseph Hooker. Popular Science Monthly December 1873.
Joseph Dalton Hooker 1817 – 1911.
In 1838, at a meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, a committee was appointed to present to the Government a series of resolutions outlining a series of scientific objectives the principal one being an improvement in practical navigation, using simultaneous observations of magnetic variation at different places on the globe. The resolution recommended the establishment of four observatories, St. Helena, The Cape of Good Hope, Canada and Van Dieman’s Land. In addition the association “considers it highly important that the deficiency yet existing in our knowledge of terrestrial magnetism in the southern hemisphere should be supplied by observations of the magnetic direction and intensity, especially in the high southern latitudes between the meridians of New Holland and Cape Horn; and they desire strongly to recommend to her Majesty's government the appointment of a naval expedition expressly directed to that object”.
The government accepted this resolution and agreed to fit out the expedition at a cost of £100,000. On 25th September 1839 the 378 tonne Erebus, under the command of Captain James Clark Ross, and the 341 tonne Terror, commanded by Francis Crozier, left Chatham with their 64-man crews “for the purpose of investigating the phenomena of terrestrial magnetism in the south circumpolar seas” and carrying all the necessary equipment and personnel to establish the three southern hemisphere observatories. This was the last major voyage of exploration carried out entirely under sail.
A further effect of the adoption of the project by the British Government was to gain the co-operation of the Court of Directors of The East India Company for the establishment of four magnetic observatories in “their dominions and dependencies, similar and similarly equipped in every respect to those established by Government, and destined to a strictly simultaneous and corresponding course of observations”. The stations ultimately fixed were at Madras. Shimla, at an elevation of nearly 8,000 feet in the Himalayas, Singapore, as the farthest attainable eastern point, and Aden on the Red Sea, a point important in itself from its position with respect to the magnetic equator which passes nearly through it, as well as from its constituting a link in a chain of stations of high interest, extending in longitude from St. Helena to Singapore.
Ross, who was a friend of Joseph Hooker’s father, William, had offered Joseph the position of assistant surgeon on this expedition to the Antarctic on the condition he finish his medical studies first. This he did, though, just barely completing them in time. A secondary objective was to locate, if possible, the South Magnetic Pole. In 1831, as second-in–command of a voyage led by his uncle John Ross, he had located the North Magnetic Pole.
The ships stopped at Madeira for additional supplies, crossed the equator on the 3rd December and on the 31st January, 1840, they anchored in St Helena Roads.
Ross in “A Voyage of Discovery and Research in the Southern and Antarctic Regions during the years 1839-43” relates: The chief purpose of our visit being to establish a permanent magnetic observatory, and to land Lieutenant Lefroy of the Royal Artillery, and the party under his command, together with all the instruments intended for their use, I obtained permission from His Excellency Lieutenant-General Middlemore to make an examination of the lands belonging to the crown; and having selected a spot near the house that had been erected for the residence of the Emperor Napoleon, but which had never been occupied by him, as a site for the observatory, it was immediately granted by the Governor. All the arrangements for the lease of the premises, and the contracts for the necessary buildings, were completed in a few days by the diligent and ready co-operation of the Board of respective Officers, consisting chiefly of Lieut.-Col. Trelawny of the Royal Artillery, and Captain Alexander of the Royal Engineers, to whom I am more especially desirous to express thus publicly my thanks for the prompt and effectual means they adopted to forward the service with which I was charged. .......Taking leave of our kind friend the governor, Col. Trelawney, Capt. Blackwell, and the officers of the 91st regiment, to whom we are all indebted for their attentions and many acts of friendship, we weighed on the morning of the ninth, after sending our letters and despatches on board the " Bombay " for conveyance to England, and proceeded on our voyage.
William Hooker wrote in 1843, at which time he was the Director of Kew Gardens, (a position which Joseph took over on William’s death in 1865): The following observations are wholly derived from the information given by my son, Dr. JD Hooker, Assistant Surgeon in H.M.S. "Erebus," the officer on whom the botanical researches expressly devolved. It is not for a parent to say how well he has performed that task: but it were injustice to withhold the fact, that but for the friendly aid afforded by the other officers of the expedition, and by Capt. Ross in particular, the botanical collections, the copious drawings made from recent specimens, and the knowledge consequently acquired, would all be very limited, compared with what they actually are. It must be a source of great regret to every botanist to know that this insulated rock, originally inhabited by a most peculiar vegetation, should have had its productions so completely changed by the destruction occasioned by cattle, and by the introduction of European and other plants, especially forest-trees, that these now take place of the native growth. On this subject, much valuable information will, no doubt, be laid before the public. In the gardens of St. Helena there exists the strangest mixture of Tropical, European, and even Australian and Chinese vegetation, that can be conceived. Acacias, Casuarinas, Pittospora, Billardieras, Dammaras, from New Zealand, and Eucalypti from New Holland, nourish along with the Scotch Fir, Plane, Peach, Apple, Pear, and Plum. There are Scitaminece from the East Indies, and Aroidece, with Pine-Apples, Roses, Hydrangeas, Camellias and Tea-plants. An excursion to Diana's Peak, and other places, with diligent search on the way, afforded the means of making a tolerable collection of such native vegetation as yet lingers on the islands.
Unlike Darwin, who had visited St. Helena in July 1836 without seeing Napoleon’s tomb, Hooker did visit and writes in his Journal on 6th February: So very much is talked about Napoleon’s tomb, that though I felt very little interest in seeing it, I was determined to be no more called a Goth, which name I had earned from my previous indifference, and to go to this more hackneyed spot than Richmond or Kensington Gardens. His fears were justified when he reached the tomb.
It is situated at the head of this valley, guarded by a sentinel who duns you about the mighty dead, and gives you water that the Emperor drank; on turning your heel upon him, numerous children assail you with flowers, geraniums, that the Emperor was fond of. On turning into a pretty cottage to get some ale at 2s. a bottle, the cork was no sooner drawn than out came the Emperor with it; it was the Emperor this, that, and the other thing; our hostess’s daughter came in with the Emperor on her lips; his ubiquity certainly astonished me. As a last resource I commenced gathering Lichens; surely the hero of Marengo could have nothing to do with Lichens on a stone wall, when another disinterested stranger came to inform me that the Emperor had from it marked out the position of his tomb, and that the Emperor was fond of the wild plants I had in my hand. I fairly took to my heels, heartily wishing that for my own sake as well as for the good cause of humanity, the Emperor had had his wish of living and dying in some remote corner of Britain.
Arriving in Simon’s Bay on 17th March 1840, by the 6th April the Cape Town Observatory was established. By mid-August the ships were in, what is now, Hobart Tasmania. Plans for the observatory had been sent in advance and, having chosen a site, 200 convicts were set to work to dig the foundations. In nine days it was completed and the first observations made. The Governor of Tasmania at this time was Sir John Franklin who in 1845, after Ross had declined the invitation, took Erebus and Terror, again commanded by Francis Crozier, to the Arctic to chart the North-West passage where he and all his crew died.
Ross sailed south in November 1840 returning to Hobart in April 1841. The following austral summer he sailed south again returning to the Falklands and left in December 1842 for his third and final season in Antarctica before heading for home. At the end of April 1843, the Erebus and Terror left the Cape of Good Hope, and again touched at St. Helena and Ascension for the purpose of repeating the magnetic observations they had formerly made, and verifying their instruments. In order to render the whole series complete, it was necessary to return to Rio de Janeiro, which the expedition reached on the 18th of June. After a few days observing, and refitting, they sailed for England, arriving on 2nd September 1843.
Ross returned to a knighthood, in 1847 he published his account of the expedition and in 1848 he made his last expedition as Captain of HMS Enterprise in the first expedition in search of Franklin. He died in 1862.
Hooker had met Charles Darwin briefly before the expedition, but it was after his return that their true friendship grew when the two got together to compare notes. The botanist John Henslow had given Hooker a copy of Darwin’s unpublished manuscript to read before the voyage and in 1851 Hooker married Henslow’s daughter
Hooker became Darwin’s greatest friend and confidant and they remained the closest of friends for the rest of their lives, often consulting one another while working on their theories, Hooker on his theory on the distribution of species, and Darwin on the evolution of species. He continued to travel: the Himalayas and India 1847 – 51, Palestine 1860, Morocco 1871 and the Western United States in 1877. His research, publications, and his twenty years as Director of The Royal Botanical gardens at Kew earned him his place as one of the greatest British botanists and explorers of the 19th century. He died OM, GCSI, CB, MD, and FRS in December 1911. The Dean and Chapter of Westminster Abbey offered a grave near Darwin's in the nave but also insisted that Hooker be cremated before. His widow declined the proposal and eventually Hooker's body was buried alongside his father in the churchyard of St Anne’s Kew short distance from Kew Gardens.
www.jdhooker.org.uk/L&L_chapter%20four.htm
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Dalton_Hooker
The botany of the Antarctic voyage of H.M. discovery ships Erebus and Terror in the years 1839-1843, under the command of Captain Sir James Clark Ross, Kt. 1844.
www.coolantarctica.com/Antarctica%20fact%20file/History/a...
The Thirty-First Session Session of WIPO's Intergovernmental Committee on Intellectual Property and Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge and Folklore (IGC) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from September 19 to September 23, 2016.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
Museu Municipal Doutor Santos Rocha from architect Isaías Cardoso.
Figueira da Foz - Portugal
Olympus XA2 +Fujichrome 64T (Expired July 2003)
Pavillion of knowledge - P06 (Portugal)
See ‘European design. Still exploring? ’, A conversation with ED-Awards founder Demetrios Fakinos
See 'Eye Site'.
DLECTRICITY 2012 Installation
Artists: NewD Media: Gabe Hall, Daniel Land,Audra Kubat, Gabe Rice
Projection-mapped 3D animation, dynamic optical illusions, and dimensional cinema tell the human story of knowledge by bringing the face of our Library to life in mythic scale. From Cave Painting to Ancient Greece; the tragic destruction of the Library of Alexandria to the invention of books, the dawn of electricity, and the rise of the Internet.
www.dlectricity.com/the-exhibition/projects/7-knowledge-i...
SOOC
The Thirty-Fourth Session Session of WIPO's Intergovernmental Committee on Intellectual Property and Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge and Folklore (IGC) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from June 12 to June 16, 2017.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
From the presentation "Augmented Intelligence: The Next-Gen AI".
Photo: Ståle Grut/NRKbeta
Session description:
The Super Intelligentsia believes that AI and Armageddon go hand in hand.
Robotics and AI have integrated human and mechanical capabilities at work, with jobs lost and skills condensed to a keystroke. But human intelligence is far from obsolete.
With crowd-computing we have knowledge exchanges like Wiki, and real-time curated news. Semantic technology helps leaders to understand what is happening in the work place. But neurology shows that these leaders cannot make choices, and therefore take action, without emotion.
Augmented Intelligence takes human intuition and imagination, and combines it with AI’s ability to automate and scale, making the Intelligent Workplace hard to beat.
The Forty-Fourth Session of WIPO's Intergovernmental Committee on Intellectual Property and Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge and Folklore (IGC) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from September 12 to September 16, 2022 in hybrid form – with delegates and observers attending physically in Geneva, Switzerland, and via remote participation from around the world.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Violaine Martin. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
A father who scavenges for a living helps his daughter read a children's book in this photo taken in December 24, 2006 in a village called Lumbangan in Zamboanga City in the southern Philippines. The village is where the government garbage dump is located. Many children abandon schooling to help their parents scavenge for food and junk in Zamboanga City. The poor children - for the first time in their life - is now able to own a book donated by The Asia Foundation and browse the colorful pages themselves - and perhaps dream that one day they can go back to school and continue their studies. (Al Jacinto)
Pacific Autism Family Network, along with lead sponsor, GoodLife Fitness, opened the GoodLife Fitness Family Autism Hub. The state-of-the-art facility is the first-of-its-kind in North America. The Knowledge Centre provides support for individuals and families affected by Autism Spectrum Disorder and all related disorders.
Learn more: pacificautismfamily.com/newsblog/
December 8th,2009(sooc)
yesterday was really good and intense. work, talking to jonel, ruhi book 7. I could say details but they just aren't enough for yesterday. hope everyone had a good tuesday
"if you live your life based on the "i don't even know what i know know" part of your brain then you will never stop learning and gaining knowledge"
"I've told some ppl that LISTENING is one of the most important aspects of being a spiritual being. When we are truly 100% listening, were not judging, categorizing, or labeling, we are being 100% present to whoever is speaking, and were not in a place of wanting to see if what they are saying fits in with our opinions/beliefs. That I think is the difference between listening to what one is saying and hearing what one is saying. Hearing is just keeping an ear out for things the person is saying that can fit into our view of the world. "-my friend arman
Looks like it should be the HQ of the secret service or perhaps some bureaucratic ministry in 1984.... but it is in fact a University, seat of knowledge and learning.
Taken on a trip to London, a while ago now so I can't remember what film i used (didn't record it) but shot on Yashica 24.
Oh, and I cheated by heavily treating it in Silver Efex Pro - digital and film combined, yay!
Photo showing an impression from the inauguration of the Circus of knowledge at JKU.
Photo: tom mesic
The Thirty-Eighth Session of WIPO's Intergovernmental Committee on Intellectual Property and Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge and Folklore (IGC) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from December 10 to December 14, 2018.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
Just some nice old architecture - complete with craftsmanship, lovely detailing, attention to the little things. Oh, and embellishment, a sense of human scale and a certain integrity.
“Do you wish to have faith? You can have faith only in relation to your knowledge of God.”
―Lester Sumrall
Ghost signage on the side of a building in San Francisco, California. There's old ghost signage underneath the "Knowledge is Golden" sign. I'm not sure if the latter is an advertisement or artwork.
Sister Pascaline Mukebo of Bon Pasteur Kolwezi from the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) speaks during the Inter-Regional Knowledge Sharing on Child Labour and Working Conditions in the Artisinal and Small-Scale Gold Mining (ASGM) held in Manila, Philippines from 28 to 30 May 2019. The 3-day forum provided a venue to exchange knowledge, technologies, practices and challenges to put forward concrete solutions to address child labour and poor working conditions in the ASGM sector.
To learn more, visit bit.ly/asgm2019
Photo © ILO/L. Gonzalez
The work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License. To view a copy of this license, visit creativecommons.org/license/by-nc-nd/3.0/igo/deed.en_US
Nicholas Gray, CEO, The Australian, gives the Vote of Thanks for the Prime Minister. John Feder/The Australian.
The Knowledge Nation 100 luncheon – on 10 December at Doltone House in Sydney – celebrated the Knowledge Nation 100. The Knowledge Nation 100 are the rock stars of Australia’s new economy – the visionaries, intellects, founders and game changers building the industries and institutions that will underwrite the nation’s future prosperity.
The luncheon was addressed by the Prime Minister of Australia, the Hon Malcolm Turnbull MP.
In an emotional ceremony during The Cree Nation Government Annual General Assembly in August 2015 in Oujébougoumou,The Eeyou Elders group offered Robbie Matthews a hand carved walking cane representing a goose head.
This gift was made to thank him for helping to transmit the Cree elders' knowledge to the next generations. It is said that "carrying this cane is carrying the traditional Cree knowledge" Nishiiyiyuu ways.