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Going back home today I walked by a restaurant. The owner probably thought that could be nice to build a bench with unused pots and put it outside with colourful lights.
Perhaps I'd never enter in that restaurant, but I couldn't miss the opportunity for the shot!
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Shot on OnePlus 3T, edit in Lightroom Mobile for Android.
And here's a bit more kitchenware, and more classic signage (in the classic hallway)! And if I remember correctly, they did have more than one "restroom" here :P
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JCPenney, 1970-built(?), Cass St. near Hwy 72, Corinth MS
Remodel, Week 18
Another new sight on this visit was this aisle of kitchenware placed alongside the (also relatively new) produce section. Kitchenware used to be located in another aisle elsewhere along this front wall of the store; this remodel seems especially concerned with rearranging the merchandise to give certain departments better visibility and cross-merchandised placements.
Previously, this area was home to the store's water, soda, and juice selection. Also notable is that this new shelving unit is much, much lower than the rest of their traditional units (seen in the background), giving this a much different feel.
(c) 2017 Retail Retell
These places are public so these photos are too, but just as I tell where they came from, I'd appreciate if you'd say who :)
One of a kind hand-made and glazed ceramic bowl that kozy created for our exhibition "End of Summer Never Ends" at Giant Robot in Los Angeles. 4 inches tall by 13 inches diameter.
BOX DATE: 1998
MANUFACTURER: Mattel
PERSONAL FUN FACT: Surprisingly my motives for wanting a Sweet Treats Barbie growing up were not entirely based on her awesome kitchenware. It's no secret that both my sister and I are suckers for dolly food and dishes. But I was so obsessed with the doll herself, that this ended up being the reason I finally purchased a Sweet Treats Barbie. But that's not to say that this stuff didn't get tons of mileage...because boy did it ever! I used this outfit over the years on many of my favorite dolls. The skirt and sneakers especially were versatile for pairing with other items. The little kitchen counter was always in our dolly kitchen setups. I liked to store some of the big pots and pans in its opening compartment. Plus the shelves were handy for things like plants. For the first year or two, Colleen and I were also obsessed with making icing using this set. We quickly used up all the icing packets that came with Barbie. But we ended up making our own entirely from scratch with sugar and food coloring. We ditched the cookie cutters early on though. It was suggested that you cut the shapes out of soft bread...but truthfully that tasted gross. So instead, we bought cookies just for the icing. I remember all the fun, and very messy times we had in the kitchen with this doll. We used her bowl, mixer, and her other implements to mix the icing and spread it over the cookies. It always tasted sickly sweet, and it was a bit gross that we'd go and play with this stuff in the basement after we were done "baking." But I did always at least wash all the components before we used them again for making icing. Barbie always came upstairs with us, dressed in her original outfit, as a mascot of sorts. But not wanting her to get dirty from the sticky icing, I made sure to keep her well out of the way. I never had the heart to get rid of anything that came with Sweet Treats Barbie. Many times I opt to donate the "for you" accessories, like the cookie cutters, if I don't have a use for them (simply to save space). But looking at these things reminds me so much of all the fun we had, and poor Mom's face as she watched us slather nasty icing all over sugary cookies!
Oskar Schindler's Enamel Factory (Polish: Fabryka Emalia Oskara Schindlera) is a former metal item factory in Kraków. It now hosts two museums: the Museum of Contemporary Art in Kraków, on the former workshops, and a branch of the Historical Museum of the City of Kraków, situated at ul. Lipowa 4 (4 Lipowa Street) in the district of Zabłocie [pl], in the administrative building of the former enamel factory known as Oskar Schindler's Deutsche Emailwarenfabrik (DEF), as seen in the film Schindler's List. Operating here before DEF was the first Malopolska factory of enamelware and metal products limited liability company, instituted in March 1937.
History
Pierwsza Małopolska Fabryka Naczyń Emaliowanych i Wyrobów Blaszanych “Rekord,”Spółka z ograniczoną odpowiedzialnością w Krakowie ('Rekord' First Małopolska Factory of Enamel Vessels and Tinware, Limited Liability Company in Kraków) was established in March 1937 by three Jewish entrepreneurs: Michał Gutman from Bedzin, Izrael Kahn from Kraków, and Wolf Luzer Glajtman from Olkusz. The partners leased the production halls from the factory of wire, mesh, and iron products with its characteristic sawtooth roofs, and purchased a plot at ul. Lipowa 4 for their future base. It was then that the following were built: the stamping room where metal sheets were processed, prepared and pressed, the deacidification facility (varnishing) where the vessels were bathed in a solution of sulfuric acid to remove all impurities and grease, and the enamel shop, where enamel was laid in a number of layers: the priming coat first, then the colour, and finally another protective coat.
The ownership of the company changed a number of times, and its financial situation continued to worsen. In June 1939, the company applied for insolvency, which was officially announced by the Regional Court in Kraków.
World War II
On 1 September 1939, Nazi Germany invaded Poland and the Second World War broke out. On 6 September, German troops entered Kraków. It was also probably around that time in which Oskar Schindler, a Sudeten German who was a member of the Nazi Party and an agent of the Abwehr, arrived in Kraków. Using the power of the German occupation forces in the capacity of a trustee, he took over the German kitchenware shop on ul. Krakowska, and in November 1939, on the power of the decision of the Trusteeship Authority he took over the receivership of the "Rekord" company in Zabłocie. He also produced ammunition shells, so that his factory would be classed as an essential part of the war effort. He managed to build a subcamp of the Płaszów forced labor camp in the premises where "his" Jews had scarce contact with camp guards.
In January 1940, Schindler changed the name of the factory to Deutsche Emailwarenfabrik - DEF. Initially, non-Jewish Poles predominated among the employed workers. Year by year, the number of Jewish Poles workers recruited through the ghetto wage office increased. Schindler in this respect was initially driven by economic reasons—employing Jews significantly decreased the costs of recruitment, as they did not receive any compensation. For each Polish Jew worker, the factory director paid a small fee to the SS - 4 złotys per day for a working woman and 5 złotys per day for a working man. The non-Jewish Poles remained employed mainly in administrative positions. The number of Polish Jew workers increased from over 150 in 1940 to around 1100 in 1944 (this is the sum of workers from three nearby factories, barracked in the sub-camp at DEF).
From the very beginning of the factory's operation, Schindler used part of its profits to provide food for its Jewish workers. The working conditions were difficult, especially at the stands at enamel furnaces and at ladles with sulfuric acid, with which the workers (predominantly women) had direct contact. Other difficulties included low temperatures in the winter, as well as lice epidemics, which caused mainly dysentery, but also typhus. On the other hand, workers at Schindler's factory received bigger food portions than in other factories based on forced labour. During the existence of the ghetto in Podgórze, Jewish workers were led to the factory under the escort of industrial guards (Werkschutzs) or Ukrainians.
When in 1943 the ghetto was liquidated, Kraków Jews who escaped death at that time were transferred to the Plaszow labour camp. The distance from the ghetto to Schindler’s Emalia factory had not been very far, but from the Płaszów camp the inmates had to walk several miles. Their workday was already twelve hours long, and Schindler felt sorry for his people. Schindler then applied for a permit to establish a sub-camp of the Plaszow camp on the premises of his factory. He argued that his employees had to walk more than ten kilometers from the camp to the factory every day. Bringing them to the factory would increase its efficiency. His arguments as well as bribes made his plan come to life. In the barracks in Zabłocie, employees of DEF and three neighboring companies producing for the needs of the German army were accommodated. The camp was surrounded by barbed wire, watchtowers were built, and an assembly square was situated between the barracks. The nutritional conditions were much better than in the Płaszow camp, especially due to the cooperation with Polish employees - they contacted people in the city, brought letters and food to the Jewish workers.
The production in the factory and the camp was controlled, and Amon Göth, the commandant of the Plaszow camp, was often a guest here. Thanks to Schindler's efforts, the inspections were not so burdensome for the plant employees. It was only after the Płaszow camp was transformed into a concentration camp in January 1944 that the prisoners from Zabłocie were subject to permanent SS control. The work initially lasted 12 hours in a two-shift system, then 8 hours in a three-shift system. As the eastern front approached Kraków, the Germans began to liquidate the camps and prisons in the east of the General Government. It was then that Oskar Schindler decided to evacuate the factory with its employees to Brünnlitz in the Czech Republic.
Post-war
After the war, as early as 1946, the factory was nationalized. In the 1948–2002 period, the former DEF facilities were used by Krakowskie Zakłady Elektroniczne Unitra-Telpod (later renamed Telpod S.A.), a company manufacturing telecommunications equipment. Only in 2005, the territory returned to the use of the city of Krakow, and since 2007 the exposition of the ‘Krakow Historical Museum’ called ”Krakow. The period of occupation 1939-1945” has been located here. The museum has the desk and the stairs from the set of Schindler's List as part of the tour.
Kraków, also seen spelled Cracow or absent Polish diacritics as Krakow, is the second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula River in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, the city dates back to the seventh century. Kraków was the official capital of Poland until 1596 and has traditionally been one of the leading centres of Polish academic, economic, cultural and artistic life. Cited as one of Europe's most beautiful cities, its Old Town with Wawel Royal Castle was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1978, one of the world's first sites granted the status.
The city has grown from a Stone Age settlement to Poland's second-most-important city. It began as a hamlet on Wawel Hill and was reported by Ibrahim ibn Yaqub, a 10th-century merchant from Córdoba, as a busy trading centre of Central Europe in 985. With the establishment of new universities and cultural venues at the emergence of the Second Polish Republic in 1918 and throughout the 20th century, Kraków reaffirmed its role as a major national academic and artistic centre. As of 2023, the city has a population of 804,237, with approximately 8 million additional people living within a 100 km (62 mi) radius of its main square.
After the invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany at the start of World War II, the newly defined Distrikt Krakau (Kraków District) became the capital of Germany's General Government. The Jewish population of the city was forced into a walled zone known as the Kraków Ghetto, from where they were sent to Nazi extermination camps such as the nearby Auschwitz, and Nazi concentration camps like Płaszów. However, the city was spared from destruction and major bombing.
In 1978, Karol Wojtyła, archbishop of Kraków, was elevated to the papacy as Pope John Paul II—the first non-Italian pope in 455 years. Also that year, UNESCO approved Kraków's entire Old Town and historic centre and the nearby Wieliczka Salt Mine as Poland's first World Heritage Sites. Kraków is classified as a global city with the ranking of "high sufficiency" by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. Its extensive cultural heritage across the epochs of Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque architecture includes Wawel Cathedral and Wawel Royal Castle on the banks of the Vistula, St. Mary's Basilica, Saints Peter and Paul Church and the largest medieval market square in Europe, Rynek Główny. Kraków is home to Jagiellonian University, one of the oldest universities in the world and traditionally Poland's most reputable institution of higher learning. The city also hosts a number of institutions of national significance such as the National Museum, Kraków Opera, Juliusz Słowacki Theatre, National Stary Theatre and the Jagiellonian Library. The city is served by John Paul II International Airport, the country's second busiest airport and the most important international airport for the inhabitants of south-eastern Poland.
In 2000, Kraków was named European Capital of Culture. In 2013, Kraków was officially approved as a UNESCO City of Literature. The city hosted World Youth Day in 2016 and the European Games in 2023.
Kraków is one of the largest and oldest cities in Poland, with the urban population of 804,237 (June, 2023). Situated on the Vistula river (Polish: Wisła) in the Lesser Poland region, the city dates back to the 7th century. It was the capital of Poland from 1038 to 1596, the capital of the Grand Duchy of Kraków from 1846 to 1918, and the capital of Kraków Voivodeship from the 14th century to 1999. It is now the capital of the Lesser Poland Voivodeship.
Timeline of Kraków
Historical affiliations
Vistulans, pre X century
Duchy of Bohemia, X century–ca. 960
Duchy of Poland, ca. 960–1025
Kingdom of Poland, 1025–1031
Duchy of Poland, 1031–1320
∟ Seniorate Province, 1138–1227
Duchy of Kraków, 1227–1320
Kingdom of Poland, 1320–1569
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, 1569–1795
Austrian Empire, 1795–1809
∟ Galicia
Duchy of Warsaw, 1809–1815
Free City of Cracow, 1815–1846
Austrian Empire, 1846–1867
Austria-Hungary, 1867–1918
∟ Grand Duchy of Kraków (subdivision of Galicia)
Republic of Poland, 1918–1939
General Government, 1939–1945 (part of German-occupied Europe)
Provisional Government of National Unity, 1945–1947
Polish People's Republic, 1947–1989
Poland, 1989–present
Early history
The earliest known settlement on the present site of Kraków was established on Wawel Hill, and dates back to the 4th century. Legend attributes the town's establishment to the mythical ruler Krakus, who built it above a cave occupied by a ravenous dragon, Smok Wawelski. Many knights unsuccessfully attempted to oust the dragon by force, but instead, Krakus fed it a poisoned lamb, which killed the dragon. The city was free to flourish. Dragon bones, most likely that of mammoth, are displayed at the entrance of the Wawel Cathedral. Before the Polish state had been formed, Kraków was the capital of the tribe of Vistulans, subjugated for a short period by Great Moravia. After Great Moravia was destroyed by the Hungarians, Kraków became part of the kingdom of Bohemia. The first appearance of the city's name in historical records dates back to 966, when a Sephardi Jewish traveller, Abraham ben Jacob, described Kraków as a notable commercial centre under the rule of the then duke of Bohemia (Boleslaus I the Cruel). He also mentioned the baptism of Prince Mieszko I and his status as the first historical ruler of Poland. Towards the end of his reign, Mieszko took Kraków from the Bohemians and incorporated it into the holdings of the Piast dynasty.
By the end of the 10th century, the city was a leading center of trade. Brick buildings were being constructed, including the Royal Wawel Castle with the Rotunda of Sts. Felix and Adauctus, Romanesque churches, a cathedral, and a basilica. Sometime after 1042, Casimir I the Restorer made Kraków the seat of the Polish government. In 1079 on a hillock in nearby Skałka, the Bishop of Kraków, Saint Stanislaus of Szczepanów, was slain by the order of the Polish king Bolesław II the Generous. In 1138, the Testament of Bolesław III Wrymouth came into effect upon his death. It divided Poland into five provinces, with Kraków named as the Seniorate Province, meant to be ruled by the eldest male member of the royal family as the High Duke. Infighting among brothers, however, caused the seniorate system to soon collapse, and a century-long struggle between Bolesław's descendants followed. The fragmentation of Poland lasted until 1320.
Kraków was almost entirely destroyed during the Mongol invasion of Poland in 1241, after the Polish attempt to repulse the invaders had been crushed in the Battle of Chmielnik. Kraków was rebuilt in 1257, in a form which was practically unaltered, and received self-government city rights from the king based on the Magdeburg Law, attracting mostly German-speaking burgers. In 1259, the city was again ravaged by the Mongols, 18 years after the first raid. A third attack, though unsuccessful, followed in 1287. The year 1311 saw the Rebellion of wójt Albert against Polish High Duke Władysław I. It involved the mostly German-speaking burghers of Kraków who, as a result, were massacred. In the aftermath, Kraków was gradually re-Polonized, and Polish burghers rose from a minority to a majority.
Further information: History of Poland in the Middle Ages
Medieval Kraków was surrounded by a 1.9 mile (3 km) defensive wall complete with 46 towers and seven main entrances leading through them (see St. Florian's Gate and Kraków Barbican). The fortifications were erected over the course of two centuries. The town defensive system appeared in Kraków after the city's location, i.e. in the second half of the 13th century (1257). This was when the construction of a uniform fortification line was commenced, but it seems the project could not be completed. Afterwards the walls, however, were extended and reinforced (a permit from Leszek Biały to encircle the city with high defensive walls was granted in 1285). Kraków rose to new prominence in 1364, when Casimir III of Poland founded the Cracow Academy, the second university in central Europe after the University of Prague. There had already been a cathedral school since 1150 functioning under the auspices of the city's bishop. The city continued to grow under the joint Lithuanian-Polish Jagiellon dynasty (1386–1572). As the capital of a powerful state, it became a flourishing center of science and the arts.
Kraków was a member of the Hanseatic League and many craftsmen settled there, established businesses and formed craftsmen's guilds. City Law, including guilds' depictions and descriptions, were recorded in the German language Balthasar Behem Codex. This codex is now featured at the Jagiellonian Library. By the end of the thirteenth century, Kraków had become a predominantly German city. In 1475 delegates of the elector George the Rich of Bavaria came to Kraków to negotiate the marriage of Princess Jadwiga of Poland (Hedwig in German), the daughter of King Casimir IV Jagiellon to George the Rich. Jadwiga traveled for two months to Landshut in Bavaria, where an elaborate marriage celebration, the Landshut Wedding took place. Around 1502 Kraków was already featured in the works of Albrecht Dürer as well as in those of Hartmann Schedel (Nuremberg Chronicle) and Georg Braun (Civitates orbis terrarum).
During the 15th century extremist clergymen advocated violence towards the Jews, who in a gradual process lost their positions. In 1469 Jews were expelled from their old settlement to Spiglarska Street. In 1485 Jewish elders were forced into a renunciation of trade in Kraków, which led many Jews to leave for Kazimierz that did not fall under the restrictions due to its status as a royal town. Following the 1494 fire in Kraków, a wave of anti-Jewish attacks took place. In 1495, King John I Albert expelled the Jews from the city walls of Kraków; they moved to Kazimierz (now a district of Kraków).
Renaissance
The Renaissance, whose influence originated in Italy, arrived in Kraków in the late 15th century, along with numerous Italian artists including Francesco Fiorentino, Bartolommeo Berrecci, Santi Gucci, Mateo Gucci, Bernardo Morando, and Giovanni Baptista di Quadro. The period, which elevated the intellectual pursuits, produced many outstanding artists and scientists such as Nicolaus Copernicus who studied at the local Academy. In 1468 the Italian humanist Filip Callimachus came to Kraków, where he worked as the teacher of the children of Casimir IV Jagiellon. In 1488 the imperial Poet Laureate and humanist Conrad Celtes founded the Sodalitas Litterarum Vistulana ("Literary Society on the Vistula"), a learned society based on the Roman Academies. In 1489, sculptor Veit Stoss (Wit Stwosz) of Nuremberg finished his work on the high altar of St. Mary's Church. He later made a marble sarcophagus for his benefactor Casimir IV Jagiellon. By 1500, Johann Haller had established a printing press in the city. Many works of the Renaissance movement were printed there during that time.
Art and architecture flourished under the watchful eye of King Sigismund I the Old, who ascended to the throne in 1507. He married Bona Sforza of a leading Milan family and using his new Italian connections began the major project (under Florentine architect Berrecci) of remaking the ancient residence of the Polish kings, the Wawel Castle, into a modern Renaissance palace. In 1520, Hans Behem made the largest church bell, named the Sigismund Bell after King Sigismund I. At the same time Hans Dürer, younger brother of Albrecht Dürer, was Sigismund's court painter. Around 1511 Hans von Kulmbach painted a series of panels for the Church of the Pauline Fathers at Skałka and the Church of St. Mary. Sigismund I also brought in Italian chefs who introduced Italian cuisine.
In 1558, a permanent postal connection between Kraków and Venice, the capitals of the Kingdom of Poland and the Republic of Venice respectively, was established and Poczta Polska was founded. In 1572, King Sigismund II died childless, and the throne passed briefly to Henry of Valois, then to Sigismund II's sister Anna Jagiellon and her husband Stephen Báthory, and then to Sigismund III of the Swedish House of Vasa. His reign changed Kraków dramatically, as he moved the government to Warsaw in 1596. A series of wars ensued between Sweden and Poland.
After the partitions of Poland
In the late 18th century, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth was partitioned three times by its expansionist neighbors: Imperial Russia, the Austrian Empire, and the Kingdom of Prussia. After the first two partitions (1772 and 1793), Kraków was still part of the substantially reduced Polish nation. In 1794 Tadeusz Kościuszko initiated a revolt against the partitioning powers, the Kościuszko Uprising, in Kraków's market square. The Polish army, including many peasants, fought against the Russian and Prussian armies, but the larger forces ultimately put down the revolt. The Prussian army specifically took Kraków on 15 June 1794, and looted the Polish royal treasure kept at Wawel Castle. The stolen regalia, valued at 525,259 thalers, was secretly melted down in March 1809, while precious stones and pearls were appropriated in Berlin. Poland was partitioned for the third time in 1795, and Kraków became part of the Austrian province of Galicia.
When Napoleon Bonaparte of the French Empire captured part of what had once been Poland, he established the Duchy of Warsaw (1807) as an independent but subordinate state. West Galicia, including Kraków, was taken from the Austrian Empire and added to the Duchy of Warsaw in 1809 by the Treaty of Schönbrunn, which ended the War of the Fifth Coalition. The Congress of Vienna (1815) restored the partition of Poland, but gave Kraków partial independence as the Free City of Cracow.
The city again became the focus of a struggle for national sovereignty in 1846, during the Kraków Uprising. The uprising failed to spread outside the city to other Polish lands, and was put down. This resulted in the annexation of the city state to the Austrian Empire as the Grand Duchy of Cracow, once again part of the Galician lands of the empire.
In 1850 10% of the city was destroyed in the large fire.
After the Austro-Prussian War of 1866, Austria granted partial autonomy to Galicia, making Polish a language of government and establishing a provincial Diet. As this form of Austrian rule was more benevolent than that exercised by Russia and Prussia, Kraków became a Polish national symbol and a center of culture and art, known frequently as the "Polish Athens" (Polskie Ateny) or "Polish Mecca" to which Poles would flock to revere the symbols and monuments of Kraków's (and Poland's) great past. Several important commemorations took place in Kraków during the period from 1866–1914, including the 500th Anniversary of the Battle of Grunwald in 1910, in which world-renowned pianist Ignacy Paderewski unveiled a monument. Famous painters, poets and writers of this period, living and working in the city include Jan Matejko, Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz, Jan Kasprowicz, Juliusz Kossak, Wojciech Kossak, Stanisław Wyspiański and Stanisław Przybyszewski. The latter two were leaders of Polish modernism.
The Fin de siècle Kraków, even under the partitions, was famously the center of Polish national revival and culture, but the city was also becoming a modern metropolis during this period. In 1901 the city installed running water and witnessed the introduction of its first electric streetcars. (Warsaw's first electric streetcars came in 1907.) The most significant political and economic development of the first decade of the 20th century in Kraków was the creation of Greater Kraków (Wielki Kraków), the incorporation of the surrounding suburban communities into a single administrative unit. The incorporation was overseen by Juliusz Leo, the city's energetic mayor from 1904 to his death in 1918 (see also: the Mayors of Kraków).
Thanks to migration from the countryside and the fruits of incorporation from 1910 to 1915, Kraków's population doubled in just fifteen years, from approx. 91,000 to 183,000 in 1915. Russian troops besieged Kraków during the first winter of the First World War, and thousands of residents left the city for Moravia and other safer locales, generally returning in the spring and summer of 1915. During the war Polish Legions led by Józef Piłsudski set out to fight for the liberation of Poland, in alliance with Austrian and German troops. With the fall of Austro-Hungarian Empire, Poles liberated the city and it was included with the newly reborn Polish state (1918). Between the two World Wars Kraków was also a major Jewish cultural and religious center (see: Synagogues of Kraków), with the Zionist movement relatively strong among the city's Jewish population.
World War II
Poland was partitioned again at the onset of the Second World War. The Nazi German forces entered Kraków on September 6, 1939. The residents of the city were saved from German attack by the courageous Mayor Stanisław Klimecki who went to meet the invading Wehrmacht troops. He approached them with the call to stop shooting because the city was defenseless: "Feuer einstellen!" and offered himself as a hostage. He was killed by the Gestapo three years later in the Niepołomice Forest. The German Einsatzgruppen I and zbV entered the city to commit atrocities against Poles. On September 12, the Germans carried out a massacre of 10 Jews. On November 4, Kraków became the capital of the General Government, a colonial authority under the leadership of Hans Frank. The occupation took a heavy toll, particularly on the city's cultural heritage. On November 6, during the infamous Sonderaktion Krakau 184 professors and academics of the Jagiellonian University (including Rector Tadeusz Lehr-Spławiński among others) were arrested at the Collegium Novum during a meeting ordered by the Gestapo chief SS-Obersturmbannführer Bruno Müller. President of Kraków, Klimecki was apprehended at his home the same evening. After two weeks, they were sent to Sachsenhausen concentration camp, and in March 1940 further to Dachau. Those who survived were released only after international protest involving the Vatican. On November 9–10, during the Intelligenzaktion, the Germans carried out further mass arrests of 120 Poles, including teachers, students and judges. The Sicherheitspolizei took over the Montelupich Prison, which became one of the most infamous in German-occupied Poland. Many Poles arrested in Kraków, and various other places in the region, and even more distant cities such as Rzeszów and Przemyśl, were imprisoned there. Over 1,700 Polish prisoners were eventually massacred at Fort 49 of the Kraków Fortress and its adjacent forest, and deportations of Polish prisoners to concentration camps, incl. Ravensbrück and Auschwitz, were also carried out. The prison also contained a cell for kidnapped Polish children under the age of 10, with an average capacity of about 70 children, who were then sent to concentration camps and executed. From September to December 1939, the occupiers also operated a Dulag transit camp for Polish prisoners of war.
Many relics and monuments of national culture were looted and destroyed (yet again), including the bronze statue of Adam Mickiewicz stolen for scrap. The Jewish population was first ghettoized, and later murdered. Two major concentration camps near Kraków included Płaszów and the extermination camp of Auschwitz, to which many local Poles and Polish Jews were sent. Specific events surrounding the Jewish ghetto in Kraków and the nearby concentration camps were famously portrayed in the film Schindler's List, itself based on a book by Thomas Keneally entitled Schindler's Ark. The Polish Red Cross was also aware of over 2,000 Polish Jews from Kraków, who escaped from the Germans to Soviet-occupied eastern Poland, and then were deported by the Soviets to the USSR.
The Polish resistance movement was active in the city. Already in September 1939, the Organizacja Orła Białego resistance organization was founded. Kraków became the seat of one of the six main commands of the Union of Armed Struggle in occupied Poland (alongside Warsaw, Poznań, Toruń, Białystok and Lwów). A local branch of the Żegota underground Polish resistance organization was established to rescue Jews from the Holocaust.
The Germans operated several forced labour camps in the city, and in 1942–1944, they also operated the Stalag 369 prisoner-of-war camp for Dutch, Belgian and French POWs. In 1944, during and following the Warsaw Uprising, the Germans deported many captured Poles frow Warsaw to Kraków.
A common account popularized in the Soviet-controlled communist People's Republic of Poland, held that due to a rapid advance of the Soviet armies, Kraków allegedly escaped planned destruction during the German withdrawal. There are several different versions of that account. According to a version based on self-written Soviet statements, Marshal Ivan Konev claimed to have been informed by the Polish patriots of the German plan, and took an effort to preserve Kraków from destruction by ordering a lightning attack on the city while deliberately not cutting the Germans from the only withdrawal path, and by not aiding the attack with aviation and artillery. The credibility of those accounts has been questioned by Polish historian Andrzej Chwalba who finds no physical evidence of the German master plan for demolition and no written proof showing that Konev ordered the attack with the intention of preserving the city. He portrays Konev's strategy as ordinary – only accidentally resulting in little damage to Kraków – exaggerated later into a myth of "Konev, savior of Kraków" by Soviet propaganda. The Red Army entry into the city was accompanied by a wave of rapes of women and girls resulting in official protests.
Post-war period
After the war, the government of the People's Republic of Poland ordered the construction of the country's largest steel mill in the suburb of Nowa Huta. This was regarded by some as an attempt to diminish the influence of Kraków's intellectual and artistic heritage by industrialization of the city and by attracting to it the new working class. In the 1950s some Greeks, refugees of the Greek Civil War, settled in Nowa Huta.
The city is regarded by many to be the cultural capital of Poland. In 1978, UNESCO placed Kraków on the list of World Heritage Sites. In the same year, on October 16, 1978, Kraków's archbishop, Karol Wojtyła, was elevated to the papacy as John Paul II, the first non-Italian pope in 455 years.
Kraków's population has quadrupled since the end of World War II. After the collapse of the Soviet Empire and the subsequent joining of the European Union, Offshoring of IT work from other nations has become important to the economy of Kraków and Poland in general in recent years. The city is the key center for this kind of business activity. There are about 20 large multinational companies in Kraków, including centers serving IBM, General Electric, Motorola, and Sabre Holdings, along with British and German-based firms.
In recent history, Kraków has co-hosted various international sports competitions, including the 2016 European Men's Handball Championship, 2017 Men's European Volleyball Championship, 2021 Men's European Volleyball Championship and 2023 World Men's Handball Championship.
Shopping in the past: the old “Maruni Shoten” Kitchenware Store. Edo-Tokyo Open Air Architectural Museum, Koganei. Tokyo, Japan. © Michele Marcolin, 2023. K1ii + MOG Trioplan 35+ 35mm f2.8.
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This is a household goods store built in the early Showa period (1926-1989). It wa soriginally located in 3-chome, Kanda-jinbocho, Chiyoda Ward. It features a front wall covered in small copper plates ingeniously combined, while the interior is a reproduction of how the shop was in the 1930s. Tenement houses have been moved to the back of the shop to produce the street atmosphere that existed in those days.
32 PIECE KITCHENWARE SET
Whether starting off in a new home or replenishing your kitchen essentials drawer, this set has everything you need! From spoons to a spatula, an ice cream scoop to a pizza cutter, youll even get the drawer organizer to keep them in order.
Happy Thanksgiving everyone! As you prepare your Thanksgiving meal, some of these items may be of interest. I spy what looks like a deviled egg holder in the foreground, and far as I'm concerned, deviled eggs are a Thanksgiving dinner must (though probably not for everyone)! For the photo to follow this one, the jury's still out on much relevance to Turkey Day though...
These cups are really tiny and uncommon. I think there is also a brown one! I hope I find it to complete the set ;)
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I started putting this bowl set together almost 2 years ago when I picked up the largest bowl (404). It is my absolute favorite set and I am SO happy to finally complete it! I ended up finding the last bowl (403) for under $20 on ebay including shipping, couldn't pass it up! The bowl was extremely well packaged and in awesome condition!
Seriously so happy :)
WEEK 43 – TM Relocation Revisited
Here’s a closer look at one of the aisles in the last photo. This store is narrow where the old one was wide, so a new layout was required here. It appears everything dining, from cookware to tableware to food itself, is in these front aisles. To the left is home décor. An office is in the front left corner, jutting out into the salesfloor kind of like the backroom you can see in the back right corner in this shot; furniture lies beyond the former.
(c) 2016 Retail Retell
These places are public so these photos are too, but just as I tell where they came from, I'd appreciate if you'd say who :)
Roman imperial period.
From rubbish dumps of mid 1st-3rd cs. CE date found beside the Roman city walls of Torino/Turin, ancient Augusta Taurinorum (Pleiades; PECS-Perseus; en.wikipedia).
Museo di Antichità (alias Museo Archeologico Nazionale del Piemonte), Torino, Italy
Bloomie's kitchenware department. Another fine example of 80s store design.
Bloomingdale's at the Gardens Mall, Palm Beach Gardens FL. Opened in 1990.
A blueberry cheesecake next to a bowl of fresh blueberries. Feel free to use but please credit CookServeEnjoy and link credit back to www.cookserveenjoy.com/
The story started here:
Alan descended the stairs. A short man with an open face.
“She let us in” I blurted out... Pointing to the elderly woman in the corner of the room, as if it were her fault. He seemed unperturbed that we three strangers were ensconced in his house conversing with his mother-in-law.
He made us tea while we waited for his wife Mary to return. Mary would know all about the family tree and how we were all connected he offered. He apologised for the mess.
“We are renovating” he explained. I looked around at the boxes of kitchenware piled up in confusion around Lilas and saw the room, (but not Lilas) in a different light.
On Mary’s return, my mother and brother sat at the dining table with Alan and talked family stuff. I didn’t join Mary and the others at the table, I stayed close to Lilas. She had taken a liking to me.
“When you come back” she said, “You and I, we’ll go for a walk on the mountain” She articulated the word ‘mountain’ very clearly, giving each syllable equal weight. “We’ll have a nice time, just you and me. We won’t ask the others.” She lilted on “but not at milking time, there’s too much work to do a milking time.” I nodded in agreement. “Just you and me,” She winked. “And we’ll talk.”
I noticed that when she spoke to her daughter Mary, she often lapsed effortlessly into The Welsh, but she always spoke to me in English, despite her dementia, she never confused the two languages.
She pointed to my brother. “I don’t know him” she look displeased. “He’s a very plain looking man.” I nodded in agreement.
She pointed to my mother. “Do you know her?” she asked. She frowned, she didn’t like the look of my mother either, it seemed.
“She’s my mother.” I said.
“Your mother?” she said slowly, trying to comprehend what I had just said. “Ah.” she nodded finally, and was quite for a while. Contemplative.
She looked back and me and her face lit up again. “But you and I, we’ll go up the mountain. It is beautiful on the mountain, you will like the mountain, and all the wildflowers will be out.”
She pointed to the four people sitting at the table. Her daughter Mary and son-in-law Alan, my mother and my brother. “Those four men” she said. “They don’t do any work.”
She was silent for a few minutes and then she started again.
“Have they made you tea?” she asked. “You have been here so long and no-one has made you tea.”
She counted the cups again and showed me how clean they were.
She pointed to Mary, “I like her” she said, and her face softened. “She’s nice. She looks after me, you know.”
She pointed to Alan, she leaned in a little closer to me. “He’s nice, but he’s a bit slow” she said conspiratorially.
“Yes. Yes. Please, please, please, please.” She said.
“She says that a lot” Alan called out from across the room. “Always the same, two yeses followed by four pleases.” We don’t know what it means. “Her eyesight is perfect.” he said, “We just had her eyes tested, but it is her mind, you see, that is gone. She thinks she is still a young girl.”
Her father had died when she was a young girl and as an only child, she had been sent to keep house for her three bachelor uncles. I wondered what life must have been like for a young girl on a remote Welsh sheep farm. Very hard, I suspect. Her mind was locked back in that time and she longed to return to places and people that no longer existed. She had out-lived them all. She had no memory of her more recent life, of loves, of a husband, of years (decades) of marriage, or of her daughter with whom she now lived.
She pointed to my mother again.
“I don’t know who she is” she said. “Do you know her?” she asked.
I looked at my mother, engrossed in conversation.
“No.” I lied. It was easier to do so. “No I don’t know her at all.”
Mary made more tea. It was hot, the steam rising, highlighted in shafts of light streaming in from the weak afternoon sun. Mine was too hot to drink and I set it aside to cool, but Lilas tackled hers. I watch as scolding hot tea dribbled down her chin and disappeared as it soaked into the knitted cables of her cardigan. I was concerned that she’d burn herself, but no-one else noticed, not even herself. She dropped crumbs from her biscuit and meticulously retrieved them one by one from the folds of her clothes and popped them into her mouth.
“I want to go home.” she said. No-one corrected her, told her she was already home. No-one listened, except me.
“Yes, yes, please, please, please, please.” she said again and lapsed again, momentarily, into silence.
“Aren’t you cold?” she asked me, noticing my bare arms for the first time.
“No” I replied. “I never am, I don’t feel the cold. I am as warm as toast. See?”
I put my hand on top of hers. Mine was warm against her chilly skin. The bluish veins of her hands were soft to my touch and they contrasted darkly with the pale parchment of her skin.
“Oooo, yes you are!” She chuckled, amused by her own disbelief.
“I want to go home.” she said again.
“Yes, I do too.” I said, and I meant it.
“ ... but, when you come back,” she continued. “You and I, we will go up on the mountain. Just you and I ... And we’ll talk. It will be so much fun. We won’t ask the others. Just you and me. It is so beautiful on the mountain. But not when the milking is on. Oh no, there is too much work to do, when the milking is on.”
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I just peeked back into my photostream, it has been exactly a month since I found any Pyrex for myself! I picked up a piece this past weekend for trade but that doesn't count!
An impromtu stop at Salvation Army led me to these two beauties. I am not a big fan of the white gooseberry but the pink, YUM! :)
Estos son los individuales con mis dibujos de la "Cofradía de Animales Neuróticos". Es un producto de Monoblock.
The rather large kitchenware department is located behind produce in the Hernando Kroger Marketplace, but is more toward the middle of the store at the Jonesboro location.
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Kroger Marketplace, 2016 built, Commerce St. at E. Parkway, Hernando, MS
www.clickconnectgo.com/vyapar-kendra-guide-gurgaon/
The city of Gurgaon is known for its Malls and hangout places but there is another aspect that has remained unattended. Gurgaon has got a few good markets. Markets where we do everyday household shopping, grab a bite of Chaat, get a haircut, buy vegetables, tissues, kitchenware, etc. One such market which is famous with the residents of Sushant Lok-1 in Gurgaon is Vyapar Kendra.
About Vyapar Kendra
Vyapar Kendra market consists of small shops cramped with each other. The market has 4 Gates for entry and exit. You will find everything in this market but where to look for it in Vyapar Kendra is a big question.
This is a shopping market where there is no fixed price. Let us say that if you don’t negotiate you pay much more than the actual price. Most of the shop keepers and customers trade with the idea of bargaining. The shops at the face of the market are pricier. The shop keepers know that and therefore quote a high price, the customers negotiate a bit and then still pay a higher price. Since I know this market well, here is a list of good shops for you to make a wise decision.
Let us make it easy for the visitors to shop at Vyapar Kendra.
Handloom shops - Sardarji ki dukan.
Location - Shop# 17, behind Mandi
Here you can buy bedcovers, quilts, pillow covers, table cloth etc. at a fixed price. Sardarji does no bargaining but his prices are still more reasonable than the other handloom shops. Ignore the ones at the face of the market.
Vegetables – Mandi Fruit & Vegetable Mart
Location – Front of the market
Mandi offers fresh vegetables & fruits at reasonable prices, sometimes giving a good competition to the Mother Dairy across the road. Beware of other vegetable shops around which charge more to customers
Bytes (Bakery)
There are 3-4 bakeries in Vyapar Kendra. The best among all is Bytes. They have fresh muffins and pastries. You can also try their Namkeen and biscuits.
Kitchenware
Location – Shop#20, next to Sardarji’s Handloom shop.
You will find plenty of shops selling Kitchen items and almost all quote a high price. The best pick among them is the “Requirements Store”. The price quoted is reasonable and you can still negotiate for a marginal reduction to the quoted price.
Sahil Packaging
Location – Shop# B88 (Basement)
You will find use and throw items, toilet roll, paper plates, cups, broom, phenyl, and other toiletries. This shop caters to corporate customers and so offers wholesale prices to walk in customers as well.
Computer World
Location – Shop# 90, Ground floor
Out of a number of Computer shops, this one offers best prices. You can buy modem, CDs, even sell your old PC or laptop.
Sindhi
Location - Face of the market
At Sindhi, you can find the best Namkeen & biscuits. All Namkeens are very good, be it nuts, Chivda, Namak Pare, Aam papad, Chips, or dry fruits.
Do not try tikki or gol gappe here. Alwar sweets offer better Golgappas on the other side of the market.
Shyam Sweets
Location – Shop# 54
It is a good option for veg eaters. It is similar to Om sweets or Bikanerwala.
Gas Agencies
Location – Shop# 52, 1st Floor
There are a number of Gas agencies in Vyapar Kendra. HP Gas agency is located on the 2nd Floor and offers a good deal in which you get 2 cylinders, a gas stove, regulator, pipe and gas stand for Rs.6500 approximately.
You can also find Puja items, Department stores, Hardware shops, Toy shops, Dhabas, Stationery and all that you can think of from a regular small market here at Vyapar Kendra.
Best food items to try out in Vyapar Kendra:
Chai prepared on coal with special masala
Dosa - This guy keeps shifting his stall at different places in the market. Find him because he is really good.
Dal Pakodas
Golgappa at Alwar Sweets
Aloo puri at Shyam Sweets (only in morning hours)