View allAll Photos Tagged javanicus
The mongoose (Herpestes javanicus) was introduced to Okinawa in 1910 in an attempt to control the population of venomous snakes and other pests. Like anything introduced it seems to take over and do more damage.
Location: Northern Okinawa
okinawanaturephotography.com/invasive-species-of-okinawa/
Canon EOS 80D
EF100-400mm f/4.5-5.6L IS II USM
Name: Lesser adjutant
Scientific: Leptoptilos javanicus
Malay: Botak Kecil / Burung Botak / Upih Botak
Family: Ciconiidae
IUCN Red List (v3.1, 2017): Vulnerable
Gear: SONY a9II + SEL200600G + SEL14TC.
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Copyright © 2020 Nur Ismail Photography. All rights reserved. Do not use or reproduce these images on websites, blogs or publications without expressed written permission from the photographer.
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The red-billed malkoha is a species of cuckoo in the family Cuculidae. It is found in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, and Thailand. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forests.
Scientific name: Phaenicophaeus javanicus
朱槿...扶桑花
‧英文名稱：Chinese Hibiscus、 China Rose
‧學名：
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Linn.
Hibiscus javanicus Miller
Hibiscus rfestivalis Salisb.
Hibiscus rfragilis DC.
‧科名：錦葵科(Malvaceae or Mallow family)木槿屬(Hibiscus)
‧別名：朱槿(南方草木狀)，扶桑(本草綱目)，佛桑(南越筆記)，大紅花(漢英韻府)，桑模(酉陽雜俎)，狀元紅(雲南)，扶桑花、紅扶桑、中國薔薇、佛桑、赤槿、桑槿、日及、宋槿、照殿紅、二紅花、燈籠仔花(台語)
‧原產地：可能為中國大陸的華南、印度、東非等地，現廣泛分佈於熱帶及亞熱帶地區，尤其以南太平洋的島嶼生長最盛。台灣於明末清初移民時引進。
Approximate Focus Distance : 10.1m
Canon EF 600mm f/4L IS USM Lens
ISO Speed 1250
Aperture : f/7.1
Exposure : 1/3200 secs
Exposure Bias : -1/3 EV
Focal Length : 600mm
Striated or Little Heron (Butorides striatus)
Also called Little Heron, this small heron does not appear to have the long neck of other herons, although they can stretch its neck pretty far out. Adult has a grey plumage with black cap and head plume. Sexes similar. Juvenile has streaked brown plumage. May be confused with juvenile Black-crowned Night Heron, but can be differentiated by the more elongated shape of the latter. A very noisy bird when disturbed. Very common along water edges in Singapore. It is always interesting to watch this bird using bait for fishing. The bird drops a piece of bread (or insect, etc) on to the water surface and waits patiently for a fish to show up right in front of it.
Very common resident breeder, winter visitor
Local subspecies: javanicus
Height: 40-46 cm
Habitat: River, pond, coast, mudflat, mangrove
Distribution: Asia, Africa, Australia
Breeding: Year round in tropic; summer months in the East Asia
Nest: Flimsy stick nest in tree or bush near water
Diet: Small fish, crab, amphibian, insect, whatever they can catch
Name: Leucistic javan myna
Scientific: Acridotheres javanicus
Malay: Tiong Jambul Jawa / Tiong Tongkang Puteh
Family: Sturnidae
IUCN Red List (v3.1, 2016): Vulnerable
Gear: SONY α1 + SEL200600G + SEL14TC
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Copyright © 2022 Nur Ismail Photography. All rights reserved. Do not use or reproduce these images on websites, blogs or publications without expressed written permission from the photographer.
For any enquiries, please visit my website: www.nurismailphotography.com or email at nismailm@gmail.com.
White-Breasted Waterhen - when breakfast is on the table
The white-breasted waterhen (Amaurornis phoenicurus) is a waterbird of the rail and crake family, Rallidae, that is widely distributed across Southeast Asia and the Indian Subcontinent. They are dark slaty birds with a clean white face, breast and belly. They are somewhat bolder than most other rails and are often seen stepping slowly with their tail cocked upright in open marshes or even drains near busy roads. They are largely crepuscular in activity and during the breeding season, just after the first rains, make loud and repetitive croaking calls.
Adult white-breasted waterhens have mainly dark grey upperparts and flanks, and a white face, neck and breast. The lower belly and undertail are cinnamon coloured. The body is flattened laterally to allow easier passage through the reeds or undergrowth. They have long toes, a short tail and a yellow bill and legs. Sexes are similar but females measure slightly smaller. Immature birds are much duller versions of the adults. The downy chicks are black, as with all rails.
Several subspecies are named for the populations that are widely distributed. The nominate subspecies is described from Sri Lanka but is often widened to include chinensis of mainland India and adjoining regions in Asia, west to Arabia and east nearly to Japan. The remaining subspecies are those from islands and include insularis of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, midnicobaricus of the central Nicobars, leucocephala of Car Nicobar, maldivus of the Maldives, javanicus of Java and leucomelanus of Sulawesi and the Lesser Sundas.
Their breeding habitat is marshes across south Asia from Pakistan, Maldives, India, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka to south China, Philippines, and Indonesia. They are mainly seen in the plains but have been known from the higher hills such as in Nainital (1300m) and the High Range (1500m) in Kerala. These large 32 cm long rails are permanent residents throughout their range. They make short distance movements and are known to colonize new areas. They have been noted as some of the early colonizers on the volcanic island of Rakata. Although most often found near freshwater, they are also found near brackish water and even the seashore when there is no freshwater as on the volcanic Barren Island in the Andamans.
These birds are usually seen singly or in pairs as they forage slowly along the edge of a waterbody mainly on the ground but sometimes clambering up low vegetation. The tail is held up and jerked as they walk. They probe with their bill in mud or shallow water, also picking up food by sight. They mainly eat insects (large numbers of beetles have been recorded), small fish (which are often carefully washed in water), aquatic invertebrates and grains or seeds such as those of Pithecolobium dulce. They may sometimes feed in deeper water in the manner of a moorhen.
The nesting season is mainly June to October but varies locally. They nest in a dry location on the ground in marsh vegetation, laying 6-7 eggs. Courtship involves bowing, billing and nibbling. The eggs hatch in about 19 days. Both sexes incubate the eggs and take care of the chicks. Chicks often dive underwater to escape predation. Adults are said to build a roost or brood nest where young chicks and the adults roost.
Many rails are very secretive, but white-breasted waterhens are often seen out in the open. They can be noisy especially at dawn and dusk, with loud croaky calls. The Andamans population insularis is said to make duck like quack calls
s0003b Blattpflanzen II. 6023 MeyA4B3 Meyers Dritter Band Konversationslexikon Verlag des Bibliographischen Instituts Leipzig und Wien Vierte Auflage 1889. Blattkäfer - Chimbote
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www.flickr.com/photos/morton1905/41786061864/in/dateposted/
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Blattpflanzen II.
Rhapis flabelliformis.
Cissus discolor.
Polypodium aureum.
Pandanus javanicus.
Anthurium magnificum.
Plectogyne (Aspidistra) variegata.
Livistona (Corypha) australis.
Aralia Sieboldii.
Livistona chinensis (Latania borbonica).
Zum Artikel "Blattpflanzen".
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Blattpflanzen (hierzu 2 Tafeln "Blattpflanzen"), Gewächse, welche wegen der schönen Form oder Farbe ihrer Blätter kultiviert werden. Sie entbehren zwar meist des hervorragenden Blütenschmucks oder gelangen wenigstens bei uns nicht zur Entfaltung desselben, eignen sich aber durch ihre Beständigkeit und die durchschnittlich leichte Kultur vorzüglich zu Zimmerpflanzen. Sie gehören hauptsächlich den Familien der Palmen, Aroideen, Liliengewächse, Bromeliaceen und Scitamineen an; doch liefern auch viele Familien der Dikotyledonen und namentlich die Farne zahlreiche und schöne B. Die Kultur gelingt am besten in nach S., SO. oder SW. gelegenen Zimmern, während in rein nördlich gelegenen nur harte Palmen, Dracänen und Aroideen gedeihen. Haupterfordernis ist viel Licht, welches selbst die in der freien Natur Schatten liebenden Aroideen und Farne verlangen; die Temperatur muß zwischen 10 und 15° betragen, und es ist sehr wichtig, daß man Licht und Wärme in ein richtiges Verhältnis zu einander bringe. Zu hohe Wärme bei Lichtmangel ist höchst schädlich, während viele Palmen noch bei 4° gut überwintern und dann auch mit weniger heller Beleuchtung sich begnügen. In der Nacht kann die Temperatur auf 5-6° sinken; zarte Pflanzen, wie Pandaneen und Maranten, muß man aber stets recht hoch aufstellen, damit sie nicht in den tiefern und kältern Luftschichten des Zimmers an den Wurzeln Schaden leiden. Recht vorteilhaft stellt man die Töpfe zarter Pflanzen in größere, mit Moos gut ausgepolsterte Töpfe. Im Sommer ist reichliche Lüftung empfehlenswert, im Winter dürfen die Pflanzen jedenfalls nicht von kalter Luft getroffen werden, und ebenso sind sie im Sommer vor direktem Sonnenlicht zu schützen. Manche B. gedeihen trefflich, wenn man sie im Sommer einige Zeit an einem geschützten Ort ins Freie stellt. Im allgemeinen verlangen B. viel Wasser, aber im Winter muß man mit dem Begießen höchst vorsichtig sein, und stets sollte die Temperatur des Wassers 2-3° höher sein als die des Zimmers. So oft wie möglich wasche man die B. mit reinem warmen Wasser und einem weichen Schwamm auf beiden Seiten der Blätter, bespritze sie auch (im Sommer mehrere Male des Tags) mittels einer feinen Brause mit reinem lauwarmen Wasser und stelle zwischen den Töpfen flache Gefäße mit Wasser auf, damit sich die Luft des Zimmers immer möglichst feucht erhalte. Das Verpflanzen der Gewächse überläßt man am besten einem mit der Pflege von Gewächshauspflanzen vertrauten Gärtner; man wird selten Gelegenheit haben, die richtige Erdmischung selbst zu bereiten, und überdies verlangen die B. mit meist dicken Wurzeln eine geschickte und sehr verschiedenartige Behandlung. Sehr gefördert wird das Wachstum und die Farbe der Pflanzen, wenn man sie während des Sommers wiederholt mit Leimwasser (15 g Leim auf 1 Lit. Wasser) begießt. Insekten werden bei häufigem Abwaschen der Pflanzen nicht leicht überhandnehmen können, etwa vorhandene vertilgt man am besten durch Waschen mit einer Abkochung von persischem Insektenpulver.
Die dankbarsten B. sind die Palmen, weil sie am leichtesten zu kultivieren sind und sich durch Schönheit und Mannigfaltigkeit der Formen auszeichnen; ihre Kultur breitet sich immer mehr aus, viele sind schon Marktpflanzen geworden. Besonders empfehlenswert sind: Chamaerops excelsa, welche aber im Winter eine höhere Temperatur fordert und vorteilhaft gleich als größeres Exemplar angeschafft wird; C. humilis, die sich auch unter den ungünstigsten Verhältnissen sehr lange im Zimmer erhält; Corypha australis, gleichfalls sehr dauerhaft und wie die vorige sehr dankbar für einen Aufenhalt im Freien während des Sommers; Latania borbonica (Livistona chinensis), welche viel Feuchtigkeit und häufiges Benetzen der Blätter verlangt, dann aber auch prachtvoll sich entwickelt; Rhapis flabelliformis, eine etwas steife Pflanze; die ungemein zierliche, sehr beachtenswert Phoenix reclinata; die derbere P. sylvestris; mehrere Chamädoreen, wie lunata, elegans, Ernesti Augusti, graminifolia, welche schnell hoch werden; die harte, prachtvolle Cocos flexuosa und die seltsame Caryota Cuminghii. Alle diese Palmen sind hart und gedeihen vorzüglich, während die außerordentlich schönen Arten von Areca und Calamus nur bei sorgsamster Pflege fortkommen. Von Cykadeen ist der zierliche Encephalartos spiralis, von Pandaneen sind der ungemein schnellwüchsige Pandanus furcatus, welcher bald mächtige Dimensionen erreicht, und der zierliche, sehr ausdauernde P. utilis, auch P. javanicus und P. gramineus, mit sehr schmalen Blättern, empfehlenswert. Die Dracänen stellen sehr viele B., sind aber im allgemeinen bei weitem nicht so ausdauernd wie die Palmen, besonders viel empfindlicher gegen nicht ganz regelmäßiges Begießen. Sehr schön ist Dracaena marginata, bei guter Pflege eine prachtvolle Pflanze, nur übertroffen von D. Cooperi, die aber in voller Schönheit schwer zu erhalten ist; auch die buntblätterigen Formen von D. terminalis sind nicht leicht zu kultivieren, während die sehr verbreitete D. rubra und D. stricta wie die neuern D. nutans, D. gloriosa, Barroni, ignea, auch D. umbraculifera, regina und D. congesta weniger Schwierigkeiten machen. Zur Ausfüllung dunkler Winkel eignet sich vortrefflich Plectogyne elatior, mit großen, schnellwüchsigen Blättern, die jede Unbill erträgt und auch mit panaschierten Blättern (fol. variegatis) vorkommt. Ebenfalls für den Schatten geeignet sind Curculigo recurvata und sumatrana, mit mächtigen, frischgrünen, gefalteten Blättern, die aber recht häufig befeuchtet werden müssen, wie auch die ganze Pflanze, namentlich im Sommer, viel Wasser verlangt. Von den Bromeliaceen liefern die Gattungen Billbergia, Pitcairnia, Tillandsia, Nidularium etc. viele B.; aber im allgemeinen sind diese Gewächse wenig verbreitet und mehr Gegenstand besonderer Liebhaberei; einige blühen prachtvoll. Die großartigsten Formen entwickeln die Bananen, von denen mehrere Arten recht gut im Zimmer gedeihen; besonders empfehlenswert sind Musa Cavendishii, discolor, ornata und speciosa; die nahe verwandten schönen Maranten sind zart und erfordern sorgsamste Pflege, wenn sie im Zimmer gedeihen sollen. Recht dauerhaft ist Phrynium (Maranta) Selloi, weit schöner, aber auch weit vergänglicher Maranta zebrina. Von den zahlreichen Canna-Arten, die besonders im Garten kultiviert werden, eignen sich einige mit Faserwurzeln und die, welche auch im Winter ihre Blätter nicht ganz abwerfen, zur Zimmerkultur, verlangen aber viel Licht. Ungemein artenreich ist die Familie der Aroideen, im ganzen dauerhafte Pflanzen, zum Teil mit mächtigen Formen und für den Liebhaber von hohem Interesse. Sie sind gegenwärtig von der Mode zurückgedrängt, aber einzelne, wie das herrliche Philodendron pertusum (Monstera deliciosa), gehören zu den verbreitetsten Marktpflanzen und entwickeln sich im Zimmer fast schöner als im Gewächshaus. Vielgestaltig und zum Teil farbenprächtig sind die Anthurien, von denen Anthurium magnificum vielleicht die schönste Art ist. Auch A. leuconeuron hält sich gut im Zimmer, und Gleiches wird von vielen andern Arten gerühmt. Beachtenswert sind auch die Dieffenbachien, deren eine Art, die bunte Dieffenbachia seguine picta, sich bei sorgsamer Pflege kräftig entwickelt. Große Farbenpracht entfalten die Blätter der Kalladien, die in reicher Mannigfaltigkeit gezogen werden; bei hinreichende Luftfeuchtigkeit halten sie sich während des Sommers recht gut im Zimmer, aber im Winter ziehen sie ein, und es gelingt nicht, sie im Frühjahr ohne Bodenwärme wieder zu voller Schönheit anzutreiben. Sehr bekannt ist die Calla aethiopica, welche namentlich in feuchten Zimmern sich kräftig entfaltet und schöne weiße Blüten treibt; eine niedrige Form blüht dankbarer, ist aber weniger schön; eine andre Form, C. albo-maculata, hat kleine, pfeilförmige, silberweiß gefleckte Blätter. Von den Dikotyledonen ist vor allen die Gattung Ficus mit dem allverbreiteten Gummibaum zu erwähnen, zu welchem F. australis ein Seitenstück bildet. Dieser ist ungemein hart, während F. Cooperi und Porteana zwar viel schöner, aber auch schwieriger zu kultivieren sind. Schnellwüchsig und durch schöne Blattformen ausgezeichnet sind Aralia papyrifera und Sieboldii, welchen man im Sommer einen Standort im Freien geben muß. In schönen Exemplaren bilden diese Pflanzen den herrlichsten Zimmerschmuck. Ganz eigenartig sind die Begonien, welche bei sorgsamer Pflege, aber auch nur dann sich sehr dankbar erweisen; sie erfordern große Gleichmäßigkeit im Begießen und sind sehr empfindlich gegen Staub, Zugluft, Sonnenlicht und Benetzung; die verschiedenen Formen von Begonia rex zeigen große Farbenpracht der Blätter; andre Arten, wie B. boliviensis und B. magnifica, entwickeln zahlreiche und schöne Blüten. Die Begonien bilden den Übergang zu den buntblätterigen Pflanzen, welche durch die Gattungen Coleus, Aphelandra, Eranthemum, Peperomia etc. vertreten werden. Sie ersetzen einigermaßen die Blüten, sind aber kaum recht empfehlenswert und werden gegenwärtig nur durch die Mode begünstigt; ziemlich dauerhaft ist Peperomia argyraea. Die Farne gehören zu den prächtigsten und zierlichsten B. und sind besonders in England sehr beliebt; sie eignen sich namentlich zur Zusammenstellung mit Palmen, sind aber sehr empfindlich und gedeihen im Zimmer nur, wenn man für große Feuchtigkeit der Luft sorgt, die Pflanzen gleichmäßig begießt, vor Staub schützt und fleißig bespritzt; sie wachsen zwar im Schatten der Wälder, verlangen im Zimmer aber reichliches Licht, wenn auch durchaus Schutz vor den Sonnenstrahlen. Recht empfehlenswert sind Adiantum assimile, Blechnum brasiliense, Gymnogramma Laucheana, Phlobopodium aureum und Polypodium aureum, neben welchen von den tropischen Lykopodien die herrlich metallblau schimmernde Selaginella caesia arborea (laevigata) kultiviert werden kann.
Man wird bei den B. nicht gern die Schling- und Ampelpflanzen entbehren, da sie bei der Bildung von Gruppen wesentliche Dienste leisten. Neben dem Epheu sind Mikania fragrans und M. scandens und besonders Cissus discolor wertvoll. Letztere Pflanze hat prachtvolle Blätter, die sich auch im Zimmer recht gut entwickeln, wenn die Pflanze im Frühjahr vom Gärtner angetrieben ist, im Sommer recht warm, aber schattig und feucht steht und reichlich bespritzt wird. Viel härter ist Cissus antarctica, der wie Epheu verwandt werden kann. Als Ampelpflanze sind neben den B. Ficus stipularis, ein kleines, zierliches Pflänzchen, die ungemein schnellwüchsige Tradescantia viridis, auch T. discolor, Saxifraga sarmentosa und Isolepis gracilis verwendbar. Prachtvolle B. enthält die Gattung Croton, aber keine Zimmerpflanzen. Aus der Gattung Eucalyptus ist die Spezies Globulus, der blaue Gummibaum Australiens, eine dankbare Zimmerpflanze, aber nur in jungen, 2-3jährigen Exemplaren und im kalten Zimmer. Vgl. Regel und Ender, Allgemeines Gartenbuch, Bd. 2: "Der Zimmergarten" (Zürich 1868); Dippel, Die B. und deren Kultur im Zimmer (2. Aufl., Weim. 1880); Schmidlin-Jühlke, Blumenzucht im Zimmer (Berl. 1880); Lowe, Beautiful-leaved plants (Lond. 1861; franz., 2. Aufl., Par. 1869); Hüttig, Die Zimmerflora (Oranienb. 1885).
There are a lot of mongoose on the Big Island. They are very easily spooked and can disappear in a flash. I spent enough time working with them that they got to where they would let me sit quietly within 6-8 feet while they went about their business. I couldn't make any sudden movements or they were gone. Reminded me of when I was working with the feral kittens we rescued. So, alert to danger and so fast to flee. The parents were much lighter in color.
Portraits of Java Myna (Acridotheres javanicus)
The Javan myna (Acridotheres javanicus), also known as the white-vented myna and the buffalo myna, is a myna, a member of the Starling family. It is primarily found in Java.
It is conspecific, and thought to be in competition with the common myna (A. tristis) in some of its range (for example, Malaysia and Singapore).
The Javan myna has an extremely liquid voice and, like the European starling, incorporates imitation into its repertoire (though it is not able to imitate the human voice, like the hill myna Gracula religiosa).
The Javan myna is predominantly black, with a white vent, a white wing patch, white on the underside of the tail, and has a thick yellow eye ring for grown adults, legs and beak. It sometimes has grey (white) flecking on its belly. It can raise the feathers on its forehead into a dramatic crest.
Like other sturnids it is omnivorous, roosts in colonies and is abundantly successful in a variety of habitats. Javan mynas are as accomplished in cities as they are in padi fields, where they will prey on insects disturbed by water buffalo, often riding the buffalo like the related oxpecker.
It is usually found in southeast Asia.
There is some confusion over naming between A. grandis and A. javanicus, which was until recently considered a subspecies of the pale-bellied myna, A. cinereus. It lays 2-6 eggs. Javan myna can live 8 to 20 years. It eats ants, worms, fruits, human feeds, insects and grains.
[Credit: en.wikipedia.org]
Gymnothorax javanicus - Murène javanaise ou Murène de Java ou Murène géante - Giant moray ou Blackpearl moray
“Poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings: It takes its origin from emotion recollected in tranquility”
- William Wordsworth.
SUNDARBANS:
The Sundarbans is the largest single block of tidal halophytic mangrove forest in the world. The Sunderbans is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, most of which situated in Bangladesh and the remaining in India.
The Sundarbans National Park is a National Park, Tiger Reserve, and a Biosphere Reserve located in the Sundarbans delta in the Indian state of West Bengal. Sundarbans South, East and West are three protected forests in Bangladesh. This region is densely covered by mangrove forests, and is one of the largest reserves for the Bengal tiger.
Geography
The Sundarban forest lies in the vast delta on the Bay of Bengal formed by the super confluence of the Padma, Brahmaputra and Meghna rivers across southern Bangladesh. The seasonally flooded Sundarbans freshwater swamp forests lie inland from the mangrove forests on the coastal fringe. The forest covers 10,000 km2. of which about 6,000 are in Bangladesh. It became inscribed as a UNESCO world heritage site in 1997. The Sundarbans is estimated to be about 4,110 km², of which about 1,700 km² is occupied by waterbodies in the forms of river, canals and creeks of width varying from a few meters to several kilometres.
Flora
A total 245 genera and 334 plant species were recorded by David Prain in 1903. The Sundarbans flora is characterised by the abundance of sundari (Heritiera fomes), gewa (Excoecaria agallocha), goran (Ceriops decandra) and keora (Sonneratia apetala) all of which occur prominently throughout the area. The characteristic tree of the forest is the sundari (Heritiera littoralis), from which the name of the forest had probably been derived. It yields a hard wood, used for building houses and making boats, furniture and other things. New forest accretions is often conspicuously dominated by keora (Sonneratia apetala) and tidal forests. It is an indicator species for newly accreted mudbanks and is an important species for wildlife, especially spotted deer (Axis axis). There is abundance of dhundul or passur (Xylocarpus granatum) and kankra (Bruguiera gymnorrhiza) though distribution is discontinuous. Among palms, Poresia coaractata, Myriostachya wightiana and golpata (Nypa fruticans), and among grasses spear grass (Imperata cylindrica) and khagra (Phragmites karka) are well distributed.
Fauna
The Sundarbans provides a unique ecosystem and a rich wildlife habitat. According to the 2011 tiger census, the Sundarbans have about 270 tigers. Although previous rough estimates had suggested much higher figures close to 300, the 2011 census provided the first ever scientific estimate of tigers from the area. Tiger attacks are frequent in the Sundarbans. Between 100 and 250 people are killed per year.
There is much more wildlife here than just the endangered Royal Bengal Tiger (Panthera tigris tigris). Most importantly, mangroves are a transition from the marine to freshwater and terrestrial systems, and provide critical habitat for numerous species of small fish, crabs, shrimps and other crustaceans that adapt to feed and shelter, and reproduce among the tangled mass of roots, known as pneumatophores, which grow upward from the anaerobic mud to get the supply of oxygen. Fishing Cats, Macaques, wild boars, Common Grey Mongooses, Foxes, Jungle Cats,Flying Foxes, Pangolins, and spotted deer are also found in abundance in the Sundarbans.
A 1991 study has revealed that the Bangladeshi part of the Sundarbans supports diverse biological resources including at least 150 species of commercially important fish, 270 species of birds, 42 species of mammals, 35 reptiles and 8 amphibian species.
The Sundarbans is an important wintering area for migrant water birds and is an area suitable for watching and studying avifauna. The management of wildlife is presently restricted to, firstly, the protection of fauna from poaching, and, secondly, designation of some areas as wildlife sanctuaries where no extraction of forest produce is allowed and where the wildlife face few disturbances. Although the fauna of Bangladesh have diminished in recent times and the Sundarbans has not been spared from this decline, the mangrove forest retains several good wildlife habitats and their associated fauna. Of these, the tiger and dolphin are target species for planning wildlife management and tourism development.
Avifauna
The forest is also rich in bird life, with 170 species including the endemic Brown-winged Kingfishers (Pelargopsis amauroptera) and the globally threatened Lesser Adjutants (Leptoptilos javanicus) and Masked Finfoots (Heliopais personata) and birds of prey such as the ospreys (Pandion haliaetus), White-bellied Sea Eagles (Haliaeetus leucogaster) and Grey-headed Fish-eagles (Ichthyophaga ichthyaetus). The Sundarbans was designated a Ramsar siteon 21 May 1992. Some of the more popular birds found in this region are Open Billed Storks, Black-headed Ibis,Water Hens, Coots, Pheasant-tailed Jacanas, Pariah Kites, Brahminy Kites, Marsh Harriers, Swamp Partridges, Red Junglefowls, Spotted Doves, Common Mynahs, Jungle Crows, Jungle Babblers, Cotton Teals, Herring Gulls, Caspian Terns, Gray Herons, Brahminy Ducks, Spot-billed Pelicans, great Egrets, Night Herons, Common Snipes, Wood Sandpipers, Green pigeons, Rose Ringed Parakeets, Paradise Flycatchers, Cormorants, White-bellied Sea Eagles,Seagulls, Common Kingfishers, Peregrine falcons, Woodpeckers, Whimbrels, Black-tailed Godwits, Little Stints,Eastern knots, Curlews, Golden Plovers, Pintails, White eyed pochards and Lesser Whistling Ducks.
Digital camera SeaLife Reefmaster DC1000
This is seldom seen in Hawai'i. According to references it can reach eight feet and weigh as much as 77 pounds.,
Scientific Name: Acridotheres javanicus
Camera: Nikon D850
Lens: AF-S NIKKOR 500mm f/5.6E PF ED VR and
AF-S Teleconverter TC-14E III
Name: Javan myna
Scientific: Acridotheres javanicus
Malay: Tiong Jambul Jawa / Tiong Tongkang Puteh
Family: Sturnidae
Gear: SONY a9 + SEL200600G + SEL14TC.
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Copyright © 2020 Nur Ismail Photography. All rights reserved. Do not use or reproduce these images on websites, blogs or publications without expressed written permission from the photographer.
For any enquiries, please visit my website: www.nurismailphotography.com or email at nurismailphotography@gmail.com.
The Javan myna, also known as the white-vented myna and the buffalo myna, is a myna, a member of the Starling family. It is primarily found in Java. It is conspecific, and thought to be in competition with the common myna in some of its range.
Scientific name: Acridotheres javanicus
Reflection of a Banteng from Burgers' Zoo. The banteng, also known as tembadau, (Bos javanicus) is a species of wild cattle found in Southeast Asia.
Made with Sony A99m2, Sony 70-200mm f/2.8 and Sony 2x Teleconverter.
The handy natural history
Boston,R.G. Badger, The Gorham press,1910.
biodiversitylibrary.org/page/21416612
The Lesser Mouse-deer or Kanchil is the smallest known hoofed mammal. C it n #bhlib biodiversitylibrary.org/page/21416612 (fig 2) & @eol www.eol.org/pages/328339/overview
The mongoose (Herpestes javanicus) was introduced to Okinawa in 1910 in an attempt to control the population of venomous snakes and other pests. Like anything introduced it seems to take over and do more damage.
Location: Yomitan, Okinawa
okinawanaturephotography.com/invasive-species-of-okinawa/
Canon EOS 7D Mark II
EF100-400mm f/4.5-5.6L IS II USM
SUNDARBANS:
The Sundarbans is the largest single block of tidal halophytic mangrove forest in the world. The Sunderbans is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, most of which situated in Bangladesh and the remaining in India.
The Sundarbans National Park is a National Park, Tiger Reserve, and a Biosphere Reserve located in the Sundarbans delta in the Indian state of West Bengal. Sundarbans South, East and West are three protected forests in Bangladesh. This region is densely covered by mangrove forests, and is one of the largest reserves for the Bengal tiger.
Geography
The Sundarban forest lies in the vast delta on the Bay of Bengal formed by the super confluence of the Padma, Brahmaputra and Meghna rivers across southern Bangladesh. The seasonally flooded Sundarbans freshwater swamp forests lie inland from the mangrove forests on the coastal fringe. The forest covers 10,000 km2. of which about 6,000 are in Bangladesh. It became inscribed as a UNESCO world heritage site in 1997. The Sundarbans is estimated to be about 4,110 km², of which about 1,700 km² is occupied by waterbodies in the forms of river, canals and creeks of width varying from a few meters to several kilometres.
Flora
A total 245 genera and 334 plant species were recorded by David Prain in 1903. The Sundarbans flora is characterised by the abundance of sundari (Heritiera fomes), gewa (Excoecaria agallocha), goran (Ceriops decandra) and keora (Sonneratia apetala) all of which occur prominently throughout the area. The characteristic tree of the forest is the sundari (Heritiera littoralis), from which the name of the forest had probably been derived. It yields a hard wood, used for building houses and making boats, furniture and other things. New forest accretions is often conspicuously dominated by keora (Sonneratia apetala) and tidal forests. It is an indicator species for newly accreted mudbanks and is an important species for wildlife, especially spotted deer (Axis axis). There is abundance of dhundul or passur (Xylocarpus granatum) and kankra (Bruguiera gymnorrhiza) though distribution is discontinuous. Among palms, Poresia coaractata, Myriostachya wightiana and golpata (Nypa fruticans), and among grasses spear grass (Imperata cylindrica) and khagra (Phragmites karka) are well distributed.
Fauna
The Sundarbans provides a unique ecosystem and a rich wildlife habitat. According to the 2011 tiger census, the Sundarbans have about 270 tigers. Although previous rough estimates had suggested much higher figures close to 300, the 2011 census provided the first ever scientific estimate of tigers from the area. Tiger attacks are frequent in the Sundarbans. Between 100 and 250 people are killed per year.
There is much more wildlife here than just the endangered Royal Bengal Tiger (Panthera tigris tigris). Most importantly, mangroves are a transition from the marine to freshwater and terrestrial systems, and provide critical habitat for numerous species of small fish, crabs, shrimps and other crustaceans that adapt to feed and shelter, and reproduce among the tangled mass of roots, known as pneumatophores, which grow upward from the anaerobic mud to get the supply of oxygen. Fishing Cats, Macaques, wild boars, Common Grey Mongooses, Foxes, Jungle Cats,Flying Foxes, Pangolins, and spotted deer are also found in abundance in the Sundarbans.
A 1991 study has revealed that the Bangladeshi part of the Sundarbans supports diverse biological resources including at least 150 species of commercially important fish, 270 species of birds, 42 species of mammals, 35 reptiles and 8 amphibian species.
The Sundarbans is an important wintering area for migrant water birds and is an area suitable for watching and studying avifauna. The management of wildlife is presently restricted to, firstly, the protection of fauna from poaching, and, secondly, designation of some areas as wildlife sanctuaries where no extraction of forest produce is allowed and where the wildlife face few disturbances. Although the fauna of Bangladesh have diminished in recent times and the Sundarbans has not been spared from this decline, the mangrove forest retains several good wildlife habitats and their associated fauna. Of these, the tiger and dolphin are target species for planning wildlife management and tourism development.
Avifauna
The forest is also rich in bird life, with 170 species including the endemic Brown-winged Kingfishers (Pelargopsis amauroptera) and the globally threatened Lesser Adjutants (Leptoptilos javanicus) and Masked Finfoots (Heliopais personata) and birds of prey such as the ospreys (Pandion haliaetus), White-bellied Sea Eagles (Haliaeetus leucogaster) and Grey-headed Fish-eagles (Ichthyophaga ichthyaetus). The Sundarbans was designated a Ramsar siteon 21 May 1992. Some of the more popular birds found in this region are Open Billed Storks, Black-headed Ibis,Water Hens, Coots, Pheasant-tailed Jacanas, Pariah Kites, Brahminy Kites, Marsh Harriers, Swamp Partridges, Red Junglefowls, Spotted Doves, Common Mynahs, Jungle Crows, Jungle Babblers, Cotton Teals, Herring Gulls, Caspian Terns, Gray Herons, Brahminy Ducks, Spot-billed Pelicans, great Egrets, Night Herons, Common Snipes, Wood Sandpipers, Green pigeons, Rose Ringed Parakeets, Paradise Flycatchers, Cormorants, White-bellied Sea Eagles,Seagulls, Common Kingfishers, Peregrine falcons, Woodpeckers, Whimbrels, Black-tailed Godwits, Little Stints,Eastern knots, Curlews, Golden Plovers, Pintails, White eyed pochards and Lesser Whistling Ducks.
ʻŌhelo or ʻŌhelo kau lāʻau
Ericaceae (Heather family)
Endemic to the Hawaiian Islands (Kauaʻi, Oʻahu, Molokaʻi, Lānaʻi, Maui, and Hawaiʻi Island)
Photo: Summit of Hawaiʻiloa Ridge Trail, Oʻahu
Though all three native species are known by the Hawaiian name ʻōhelo, distinctive names were given for two of them: ʻōhelo ʻai (V. reticulatum) literally "edible ʻōhelo" known for its delicious berries; and ʻōhelo kau lāʻau (V. calycinum), meaning "to put [placed] on trees," perhaps referring to the plants nature of occasionally growing in trees (ephiphytic).
The early Hawaiians enjoyed eating the berries much as we do today. The fruit was not readily available as everyday food since they grew high in the mountains. But like hikers today, they were eaten when found ripe.
The leaf buds, leaves and fruit were combined with other plant material for abdominal pains. The ingredients were pounded together into a mash and strained through the leaves of ʻahuʻawa (Cyperus javanicus), and drunk in the morning and evening.
New leaves (liko), fruit (berries) and flowers were in used lei making.
ʻŌHELO and PELE:
ʻŌhelo was considered a sacred plant by the early Hawaiians. No one was to eat any berries without first offering them to Pele, the goddess of fire, lightening, dance, volcanoes, and violence. With branches of ʻōhelo berries in hand, they would say:
"E Pele, eia ka ʻōhelo 'au; e taumaha aku wau ʻia ʻoe, e ʻai hoʻi au tetahi." (O Pele, here are your ʻōhelo [branches]; I offer some to you, some I also eat.) Then, they would toss a portion of the branch with berries attached into the crater as an offering to Pele. After which they were allowed to eat some.
In 1823, among the first white people to visit Kīlauea was Reverend William Ellis and his missionary entourage, accompanied by Hawaiians. On the journey, when the missionaries became hungry they ate some ʻōhelo berries and were quickly warned to give some to Pele first before partaking of them. Ellis wrote, "We told them ...that we acknowledged Jehovah as the only divine proprietor of the fruits of this earth, and felt thankful to Him for them, especially in our present circumstances. We traveled on, regretting that the natives should indulge in notions so superstitious."
Following the example of Ellis, in December 1824, the High Chieftess Kapiʻolani (c.1741-1841) set out on a mission from Kona to visit the still active Kīlauea where she would dare Pele to do her worst, even though her husband and others tried to dissaude her. She made the long journey of about one hundred miles mostly by foot with a large company. There she was met by a priestess of Pele threatening her with Pele's displeasure if she continued with her hostile errand, and prophesied that she and her followers would perish miserably. With defiance, she descended into the crater, gathered ʻōhelo berries and ate them without first offering them to Pele, and threw rocks into the crater to insult the goddess. She and her eighty followers went to the edge of Halemaʻumaʻu caldera and addressed her followers: "Jehovah is my God. He kindled these fires. I fear not Pele. If I perish by the anger of Pele, then you may fear the power of Pele; but if I trust in Jehovah, and he should save me from the wrath of Pele, when I break her tabus [taboos], then you must fear and serve the Lord Jehovah. All the gods of Hawaii are vain!" Then they sang hymns.
There was no wrath from Pele. Kapiʻolani and her followers did not succumb to any horrible death as prophesized they surely would.
Lesser Adjutant!
(Leptoptilos javanicus)
Sharing another one of my shots from the Bandhavgarh Trip!
Feb 2012!
Everything in Auto Mode, back then!
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Mail : jainsamyak1998@gmail.com
#Gear up for 'Big'!
Cheers,
Samyak!
Banded Broadbill
The banded broadbill (Eurylaimus javanicus) is a species of bird in the Eurylaimidae family. It is found in Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is a large broadbill (21.5–23 cm), with purple, yellow and black plumage. It eats predominantly insects, including grasshoppers, crickets, katydids, various beetles, caterpillars and larvae.
Status: Near Threatened
Morays were a regular site - all sizes and all colours. This one (gymnothorax javanicus) almosts smiles!
Banded Broadbill
The banded broadbill (Eurylaimus javanicus) is a species of bird in the Eurylaimidae family. It is found in Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is a large broadbill (21.5–23 cm), with purple, yellow and black plumage. It eats predominantly insects, including grasshoppers, crickets, katydids, various beetles, caterpillars and larvae.
Status: Near Threatened