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WILMINGTON, Del. (Wednesday, May 28, 2014) – Today, Lieutenant Governor Matt Denn, Chair of the Criminal Justice Council, and Chris Kervick, Executive Director of the Criminal Justice Council, announced the 2014 Byrne Grant recipients at a press conference at the Rick VanStory Resource Center in Wilmington.
This year’s Byrne Grants were awarded to seven non-profits agencies – representing all three counties – that specialized in the CJC’s priority areas of Re-entry and Recidivism Reduction for Adults and Juveniles, Juvenile Prevention and Intervention, and Reducing Homicide and Violent Crime. The total of all awards is $501,079.76 and 82% of funding is dedicated to re-entry services, up from 46% in 2007. The increase in re-entry funding reflects a decision by the CJC to concentrate its limited federal grant resources in this important area.
Lt. Governor Denn said, “These groups have proven track records of providing quality services that continue to make a difference in our communities. I am impressed with their plans to expand these much-needed programs in our state.”
“The Byrne Justice Assistance Grant is the cornerstone federal assistance program for the Criminal Justice Council,” said Executive Director Chris Kervick. “It allows the flexibility required to support local programs as they provide much needed services to the people who need them most. The Criminal Justice Council congratulates this year’s grant recipients and we look forward to working with the agencies to make each program successful.”
Rick VanStory Resource Center CEO Allen Conover said today, “We would like to thank the Delaware Criminal Justice Council for the opportunity to enhance our ability to provide essential services to individuals involved with the criminal justice system that are mentally ill and/or that suffer from substance abuse. We look forward to utilizing our collective experiences to assist others.”
Here is a list of recipients, the award amount, and short description of what the funding will be used for:
Boys & Girls Clubs at Oak Orchard/Riverdale: Stop It Before It Starts Prevention Program $50,930.00
Facilitating 2 curriculums: "Positive Action" on bullying, substance abuse, and suicide for 8 to 13 year-olds; and "Courage to Speak" on drug abuse prevention for parents. Grant will fund program facilitators, counselor, and educational equipment.
Courageous Hearts Equine Assisted Psychotherapy and Learning Center Equine Assisted Learning: Power Tools for Living Program $39,690.00
Providing therapeutic equine activities for at-risk youth. The program teaches youths to interact with and care for horses, and offers mental health counseling. Grant will cover salary for the director, bookkeeper, equine specialists, & therapist, as well as facility rental.
Dover Interfaith Mission for Housing, Inc.: Re-entry Opportunity and Recidivism Prevention $97,900.00
Provide shelter, job placement, case management, and counseling to former inmates.
The Hospitality School, Inc.: Culinary Arts & Restaurant Training Reducing Recidivism $69,933.00
Provide culinary training for hard-to-employ individuals, specially focusing on ex-offenders. This free, 14-week program also teaches soft skills & financial literacy, and includes an internship.
Rick VanStory Resource Centers: Case Management for Mental Health Offenders $115,711.76
Provide case management, mental health counseling, and substance abuse treatment to homeless former inmates. Program will operate in all counties.
Victims' Voices Heard: Victim Impact: Listen and Learn / Stand Down: Courage to Change $60,000.00
Implement two programs that involve group sessions at correctional institutions; one focuses on victim impact awareness and the other on setting and working toward re-entry goals.
The Way Home, Inc.: Expanding Way Home Case Management Services $66,915.00
Add to the agency's case management staff to serve inmates who are re-entering the community. Case manager will assist with employment, education, and basic needs.
Background: The Edward Byrne Memorial Justice Assistance Grant (JAG) Program (42 U.S.C. 3751(a)) is the primary provider of federal criminal justice funding to state and local jurisdictions. JAG funds support all components of the criminal justice system from multijurisdictional drug and gang task forces to crime prevention and domestic violence programs, courts, corrections, treatment, and justice information sharing initiatives. JAG funded projects may address crime through the provision of services directly to individuals and/or communities and by improving the effectiveness and efficiency of criminal justice systems, processes, and procedures.
Over 100 organizations and departments set up in the Academic Quad to talk about what their organization is about and how students can participate at Occidental College's Involvement Fair, September 12, 2013. (Photo by Marc Campos, Occidental College Photographer)
A study involving espalier walnuts looks to see better and efficient ways to harvest and collect walnuts.
Late spring at the Horticulture and Agroforestry Research Center in New Franklin, Mo. HARC, sits at the interface of the loess hills and Missouri River bottom and provides a scenic, historic and scientific setting for development of horticultural- and agroforestry-related studies. Interdisciplinary cooperation allows researchers from multiple disciplines, including entomology, plant pathology, horticulture, agronomy, animal science and agroforestry, to combine research efforts to address an array of issues. Integrated studies of crop, livestock and forestry practices are occurring, as is the development of superior lines for timber and nut meat production. The Flood Tolerance Laboratory and Zone Six Arboretum are located there.
Photo by Kyle Spradley | © 2014 - Curators of the University of Missouri
...involving a public utility bus and a trader's private jeepney last October 30, 2010. I got more photos of this and the remains of the people who perished in this accident which cannot be posted here.
Graffiti (plural; singular graffiti or graffito, the latter rarely used except in archeology) is art that is written, painted or drawn on a wall or other surface, usually without permission and within public view. Graffiti ranges from simple written words to elaborate wall paintings, and has existed since ancient times, with examples dating back to ancient Egypt, ancient Greece, and the Roman Empire (see also mural).
Graffiti is a controversial subject. In most countries, marking or painting property without permission is considered by property owners and civic authorities as defacement and vandalism, which is a punishable crime, citing the use of graffiti by street gangs to mark territory or to serve as an indicator of gang-related activities. Graffiti has become visualized as a growing urban "problem" for many cities in industrialized nations, spreading from the New York City subway system and Philadelphia in the early 1970s to the rest of the United States and Europe and other world regions
"Graffiti" (usually both singular and plural) and the rare singular form "graffito" are from the Italian word graffiato ("scratched"). The term "graffiti" is used in art history for works of art produced by scratching a design into a surface. A related term is "sgraffito", which involves scratching through one layer of pigment to reveal another beneath it. This technique was primarily used by potters who would glaze their wares and then scratch a design into them. In ancient times graffiti were carved on walls with a sharp object, although sometimes chalk or coal were used. The word originates from Greek γράφειν—graphein—meaning "to write".
The term graffiti originally referred to the inscriptions, figure drawings, and such, found on the walls of ancient sepulchres or ruins, as in the Catacombs of Rome or at Pompeii. Historically, these writings were not considered vanadlism, which today is considered part of the definition of graffiti.
The only known source of the Safaitic language, an ancient form of Arabic, is from graffiti: inscriptions scratched on to the surface of rocks and boulders in the predominantly basalt desert of southern Syria, eastern Jordan and northern Saudi Arabia. Safaitic dates from the first century BC to the fourth century AD.
Some of the oldest cave paintings in the world are 40,000 year old ones found in Australia. The oldest written graffiti was found in ancient Rome around 2500 years ago. Most graffiti from the time was boasts about sexual experiences Graffiti in Ancient Rome was a form of communication, and was not considered vandalism.
Ancient tourists visiting the 5th-century citadel at Sigiriya in Sri Lanka write their names and commentary over the "mirror wall", adding up to over 1800 individual graffiti produced there between the 6th and 18th centuries. Most of the graffiti refer to the frescoes of semi-nude females found there. One reads:
Wet with cool dew drops
fragrant with perfume from the flowers
came the gentle breeze
jasmine and water lily
dance in the spring sunshine
side-long glances
of the golden-hued ladies
stab into my thoughts
heaven itself cannot take my mind
as it has been captivated by one lass
among the five hundred I have seen here.
Among the ancient political graffiti examples were Arab satirist poems. Yazid al-Himyari, an Umayyad Arab and Persian poet, was most known for writing his political poetry on the walls between Sajistan and Basra, manifesting a strong hatred towards the Umayyad regime and its walis, and people used to read and circulate them very widely.
Graffiti, known as Tacherons, were frequently scratched on Romanesque Scandinavian church walls. When Renaissance artists such as Pinturicchio, Raphael, Michelangelo, Ghirlandaio, or Filippino Lippi descended into the ruins of Nero's Domus Aurea, they carved or painted their names and returned to initiate the grottesche style of decoration.
There are also examples of graffiti occurring in American history, such as Independence Rock, a national landmark along the Oregon Trail.
Later, French soldiers carved their names on monuments during the Napoleonic campaign of Egypt in the 1790s. Lord Byron's survives on one of the columns of the Temple of Poseidon at Cape Sounion in Attica, Greece.
The oldest known example of graffiti "monikers" found on traincars created by hobos and railworkers since the late 1800s. The Bozo Texino monikers were documented by filmmaker Bill Daniel in his 2005 film, Who is Bozo Texino?.
In World War II, an inscription on a wall at the fortress of Verdun was seen as an illustration of the US response twice in a generation to the wrongs of the Old World:
During World War II and for decades after, the phrase "Kilroy was here" with an accompanying illustration was widespread throughout the world, due to its use by American troops and ultimately filtering into American popular culture. Shortly after the death of Charlie Parker (nicknamed "Yardbird" or "Bird"), graffiti began appearing around New York with the words "Bird Lives".
Modern graffiti art has its origins with young people in 1960s and 70s in New York City and Philadelphia. Tags were the first form of stylised contemporary graffiti. Eventually, throw-ups and pieces evolved with the desire to create larger art. Writers used spray paint and other kind of materials to leave tags or to create images on the sides subway trains. and eventually moved into the city after the NYC metro began to buy new trains and paint over graffiti.
While the art had many advocates and appreciators—including the cultural critic Norman Mailer—others, including New York City mayor Ed Koch, considered it to be defacement of public property, and saw it as a form of public blight. The ‘taggers’ called what they did ‘writing’—though an important 1974 essay by Mailer referred to it using the term ‘graffiti.’
Contemporary graffiti style has been heavily influenced by hip hop culture and the myriad international styles derived from Philadelphia and New York City Subway graffiti; however, there are many other traditions of notable graffiti in the twentieth century. Graffiti have long appeared on building walls, in latrines, railroad boxcars, subways, and bridges.
An early graffito outside of New York or Philadelphia was the inscription in London reading "Clapton is God" in reference to the guitarist Eric Clapton. Creating the cult of the guitar hero, the phrase was spray-painted by an admirer on a wall in an Islington, north London in the autumn of 1967. The graffito was captured in a photograph, in which a dog is urinating on the wall.
Films like Style Wars in the 80s depicting famous writers such as Skeme, Dondi, MinOne, and ZEPHYR reinforced graffiti's role within New York's emerging hip-hop culture. Although many officers of the New York City Police Department found this film to be controversial, Style Wars is still recognized as the most prolific film representation of what was going on within the young hip hop culture of the early 1980s. Fab 5 Freddy and Futura 2000 took hip hop graffiti to Paris and London as part of the New York City Rap Tour in 1983
Commercialization and entrance into mainstream pop culture
Main article: Commercial graffiti
With the popularity and legitimization of graffiti has come a level of commercialization. In 2001, computer giant IBM launched an advertising campaign in Chicago and San Francisco which involved people spray painting on sidewalks a peace symbol, a heart, and a penguin (Linux mascot), to represent "Peace, Love, and Linux." IBM paid Chicago and San Francisco collectively US$120,000 for punitive damages and clean-up costs.
In 2005, a similar ad campaign was launched by Sony and executed by its advertising agency in New York, Chicago, Atlanta, Philadelphia, Los Angeles, and Miami, to market its handheld PSP gaming system. In this campaign, taking notice of the legal problems of the IBM campaign, Sony paid building owners for the rights to paint on their buildings "a collection of dizzy-eyed urban kids playing with the PSP as if it were a skateboard, a paddle, or a rocking horse".
Tristan Manco wrote that Brazil "boasts a unique and particularly rich, graffiti scene ... [earning] it an international reputation as the place to go for artistic inspiration". Graffiti "flourishes in every conceivable space in Brazil's cities". Artistic parallels "are often drawn between the energy of São Paulo today and 1970s New York". The "sprawling metropolis", of São Paulo has "become the new shrine to graffiti"; Manco alludes to "poverty and unemployment ... [and] the epic struggles and conditions of the country's marginalised peoples", and to "Brazil's chronic poverty", as the main engines that "have fuelled a vibrant graffiti culture". In world terms, Brazil has "one of the most uneven distributions of income. Laws and taxes change frequently". Such factors, Manco argues, contribute to a very fluid society, riven with those economic divisions and social tensions that underpin and feed the "folkloric vandalism and an urban sport for the disenfranchised", that is South American graffiti art.
Prominent Brazilian writers include Os Gêmeos, Boleta, Nunca, Nina, Speto, Tikka, and T.Freak. Their artistic success and involvement in commercial design ventures has highlighted divisions within the Brazilian graffiti community between adherents of the cruder transgressive form of pichação and the more conventionally artistic values of the practitioners of grafite.
Graffiti in the Middle East has emerged slowly, with taggers operating in Egypt, Lebanon, the Gulf countries like Bahrain or the United Arab Emirates, Israel, and in Iran. The major Iranian newspaper Hamshahri has published two articles on illegal writers in the city with photographic coverage of Iranian artist A1one's works on Tehran walls. Tokyo-based design magazine, PingMag, has interviewed A1one and featured photographs of his work. The Israeli West Bank barrier has become a site for graffiti, reminiscent in this sense of the Berlin Wall. Many writers in Israel come from other places around the globe, such as JUIF from Los Angeles and DEVIONE from London. The religious reference "נ נח נחמ נחמן מאומן" ("Na Nach Nachma Nachman Meuman") is commonly seen in graffiti around Israel.
Graffiti has played an important role within the street art scene in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), especially following the events of the Arab Spring of 2011 or the Sudanese Revolution of 2018/19. Graffiti is a tool of expression in the context of conflict in the region, allowing people to raise their voices politically and socially. Famous street artist Banksy has had an important effect in the street art scene in the MENA area, especially in Palestine where some of his works are located in the West Bank barrier and Bethlehem.
There are also a large number of graffiti influences in Southeast Asian countries that mostly come from modern Western culture, such as Malaysia, where graffiti have long been a common sight in Malaysia's capital city, Kuala Lumpur. Since 2010, the country has begun hosting a street festival to encourage all generations and people from all walks of life to enjoy and encourage Malaysian street culture.
The modern-day graffitists can be found with an arsenal of various materials that allow for a successful production of a piece. This includes such techniques as scribing. However, spray paint in aerosol cans is the number one medium for graffiti. From this commodity comes different styles, technique, and abilities to form master works of graffiti. Spray paint can be found at hardware and art stores and comes in virtually every color.
Stencil graffiti is created by cutting out shapes and designs in a stiff material (such as cardboard or subject folders) to form an overall design or image. The stencil is then placed on the "canvas" gently and with quick, easy strokes of the aerosol can, the image begins to appear on the intended surface.
Some of the first examples were created in 1981 by artists Blek le Rat in Paris, in 1982 by Jef Aerosol in Tours (France); by 1985 stencils had appeared in other cities including New York City, Sydney, and Melbourne, where they were documented by American photographer Charles Gatewood and Australian photographer Rennie Ellis
Tagging is the practice of someone spray-painting "their name, initial or logo onto a public surface" in a handstyle unique to the writer. Tags were the first form of modern graffiti.
Modern graffiti art often incorporates additional arts and technologies. For example, Graffiti Research Lab has encouraged the use of projected images and magnetic light-emitting diodes (throwies) as new media for graffitists. yarnbombing is another recent form of graffiti. Yarnbombers occasionally target previous graffiti for modification, which had been avoided among the majority of graffitists.
Theories on the use of graffiti by avant-garde artists have a history dating back at least to the Asger Jorn, who in 1962 painting declared in a graffiti-like gesture "the avant-garde won't give up"
Many contemporary analysts and even art critics have begun to see artistic value in some graffiti and to recognize it as a form of public art. According to many art researchers, particularly in the Netherlands and in Los Angeles, that type of public art is, in fact an effective tool of social emancipation or, in the achievement of a political goal
In times of conflict, such murals have offered a means of communication and self-expression for members of these socially, ethnically, or racially divided communities, and have proven themselves as effective tools in establishing dialog and thus, of addressing cleavages in the long run. The Berlin Wall was also extensively covered by graffiti reflecting social pressures relating to the oppressive Soviet rule over the GDR.
Many artists involved with graffiti are also concerned with the similar activity of stenciling. Essentially, this entails stenciling a print of one or more colors using spray-paint. Recognized while exhibiting and publishing several of her coloured stencils and paintings portraying the Sri Lankan Civil War and urban Britain in the early 2000s, graffitists Mathangi Arulpragasam, aka M.I.A., has also become known for integrating her imagery of political violence into her music videos for singles "Galang" and "Bucky Done Gun", and her cover art. Stickers of her artwork also often appear around places such as London in Brick Lane, stuck to lamp posts and street signs, she having become a muse for other graffitists and painters worldwide in cities including Seville.
Graffitist believes that art should be on display for everyone in the public eye or in plain sight, not hidden away in a museum or a gallery. Art should color the streets, not the inside of some building. Graffiti is a form of art that cannot be owned or bought. It does not last forever, it is temporary, yet one of a kind. It is a form of self promotion for the artist that can be displayed anywhere form sidewalks, roofs, subways, building wall, etc. Art to them is for everyone and should be showed to everyone for free.
Graffiti is a way of communicating and a way of expressing what one feels in the moment. It is both art and a functional thing that can warn people of something or inform people of something. However, graffiti is to some people a form of art, but to some a form of vandalism. And many graffitists choose to protect their identities and remain anonymous or to hinder prosecution.
With the commercialization of graffiti (and hip hop in general), in most cases, even with legally painted "graffiti" art, graffitists tend to choose anonymity. This may be attributed to various reasons or a combination of reasons. Graffiti still remains the one of four hip hop elements that is not considered "performance art" despite the image of the "singing and dancing star" that sells hip hop culture to the mainstream. Being a graphic form of art, it might also be said that many graffitists still fall in the category of the introverted archetypal artist.
Banksy is one of the world's most notorious and popular street artists who continues to remain faceless in today's society. He is known for his political, anti-war stencil art mainly in Bristol, England, but his work may be seen anywhere from Los Angeles to Palestine. In the UK, Banksy is the most recognizable icon for this cultural artistic movement and keeps his identity a secret to avoid arrest. Much of Banksy's artwork may be seen around the streets of London and surrounding suburbs, although he has painted pictures throughout the world, including the Middle East, where he has painted on Israel's controversial West Bank barrier with satirical images of life on the other side. One depicted a hole in the wall with an idyllic beach, while another shows a mountain landscape on the other side. A number of exhibitions also have taken place since 2000, and recent works of art have fetched vast sums of money. Banksy's art is a prime example of the classic controversy: vandalism vs. art. Art supporters endorse his work distributed in urban areas as pieces of art and some councils, such as Bristol and Islington, have officially protected them, while officials of other areas have deemed his work to be vandalism and have removed it.
Pixnit is another artist who chooses to keep her identity from the general public. Her work focuses on beauty and design aspects of graffiti as opposed to Banksy's anti-government shock value. Her paintings are often of flower designs above shops and stores in her local urban area of Cambridge, Massachusetts. Some store owners endorse her work and encourage others to do similar work as well. "One of the pieces was left up above Steve's Kitchen, because it looks pretty awesome"- Erin Scott, the manager of New England Comics in Allston, Massachusetts.
Graffiti artists may become offended if photographs of their art are published in a commercial context without their permission. In March 2020, the Finnish graffiti artist Psyke expressed his displeasure at the newspaper Ilta-Sanomat publishing a photograph of a Peugeot 208 in an article about new cars, with his graffiti prominently shown on the background. The artist claims he does not want his art being used in commercial context, not even if he were to receive compensation.
Territorial graffiti marks urban neighborhoods with tags and logos to differentiate certain groups from others. These images are meant to show outsiders a stern look at whose turf is whose. The subject matter of gang-related graffiti consists of cryptic symbols and initials strictly fashioned with unique calligraphies. Gang members use graffiti to designate membership throughout the gang, to differentiate rivals and associates and, most commonly, to mark borders which are both territorial and ideological.
Graffiti has been used as a means of advertising both legally and illegally. Bronx-based TATS CRU has made a name for themselves doing legal advertising campaigns for companies such as Coca-Cola, McDonald's, Toyota, and MTV. In the UK, Covent Garden's Boxfresh used stencil images of a Zapatista revolutionary in the hopes that cross referencing would promote their store.
Smirnoff hired artists to use reverse graffiti (the use of high pressure hoses to clean dirty surfaces to leave a clean image in the surrounding dirt) to increase awareness of their product.
Graffiti often has a reputation as part of a subculture that rebels against authority, although the considerations of the practitioners often diverge and can relate to a wide range of attitudes. It can express a political practice and can form just one tool in an array of resistance techniques. One early example includes the anarcho-punk band Crass, who conducted a campaign of stenciling anti-war, anarchist, feminist, and anti-consumerist messages throughout the London Underground system during the late 1970s and early 1980s. In Amsterdam graffiti was a major part of the punk scene. The city was covered with names such as "De Zoot", "Vendex", and "Dr Rat". To document the graffiti a punk magazine was started that was called Gallery Anus. So when hip hop came to Europe in the early 1980s there was already a vibrant graffiti culture.
The student protests and general strike of May 1968 saw Paris bedecked in revolutionary, anarchistic, and situationist slogans such as L'ennui est contre-révolutionnaire ("Boredom is counterrevolutionary") and Lisez moins, vivez plus ("Read less, live more"). While not exhaustive, the graffiti gave a sense of the 'millenarian' and rebellious spirit, tempered with a good deal of verbal wit, of the strikers.
I think graffiti writing is a way of defining what our generation is like. Excuse the French, we're not a bunch of p---- artists. Traditionally artists have been considered soft and mellow people, a little bit kooky. Maybe we're a little bit more like pirates that way. We defend our territory, whatever space we steal to paint on, we defend it fiercely.
The developments of graffiti art which took place in art galleries and colleges as well as "on the street" or "underground", contributed to the resurfacing in the 1990s of a far more overtly politicized art form in the subvertising, culture jamming, or tactical media movements. These movements or styles tend to classify the artists by their relationship to their social and economic contexts, since, in most countries, graffiti art remains illegal in many forms except when using non-permanent paint. Since the 1990s with the rise of Street Art, a growing number of artists are switching to non-permanent paints and non-traditional forms of painting.
Contemporary practitioners, accordingly, have varied and often conflicting practices. Some individuals, such as Alexander Brener, have used the medium to politicize other art forms, and have used the prison sentences enforced on them as a means of further protest. The practices of anonymous groups and individuals also vary widely, and practitioners by no means always agree with each other's practices. For example, the anti-capitalist art group the Space Hijackers did a piece in 2004 about the contradiction between the capitalistic elements of Banksy and his use of political imagery.
Berlin human rights activist Irmela Mensah-Schramm has received global media attention and numerous awards for her 35-year campaign of effacing neo-Nazi and other right-wing extremist graffiti throughout Germany, often by altering hate speech in humorous ways.
In Serbian capital, Belgrade, the graffiti depicting a uniformed former general of Serb army and war criminal, convicted at ICTY for war crimes and crimes against humanity, including genocide and ethnic cleansing in Bosnian War, Ratko Mladić, appeared in a military salute alongside the words "General, thank to your mother". Aleks Eror, Berlin-based journalist, explains how "veneration of historical and wartime figures" through street art is not a new phenomenon in the region of former Yugoslavia, and that "in most cases is firmly focused on the future, rather than retelling the past". Eror is not only analyst pointing to danger of such an expressions for the region's future. In a long expose on the subject of Bosnian genocide denial, at Balkan Diskurs magazine and multimedia platform website, Kristina Gadže and Taylor Whitsell referred to these experiences as a young generations' "cultural heritage", in which young are being exposed to celebration and affirmation of war-criminals as part of their "formal education" and "inheritance".
There are numerous examples of genocide denial through celebration and affirmation of war criminals throughout the region of Western Balkans inhabited by Serbs using this form of artistic expression. Several more of these graffiti are found in Serbian capital, and many more across Serbia and Bosnian and Herzegovinian administrative entity, Republika Srpska, which is the ethnic Serbian majority enclave. Critics point that Serbia as a state, is willing to defend the mural of convicted war criminal, and have no intention to react on cases of genocide denial, noting that Interior Minister of Serbia, Aleksandar Vulin decision to ban any gathering with an intent to remove the mural, with the deployment of riot police, sends the message of "tacit endorsement". Consequently, on 9 November 2021, Serbian heavy police in riot gear, with graffiti creators and their supporters, blocked the access to the mural to prevent human rights groups and other activists to paint over it and mark the International Day Against Fascism and Antisemitism in that way, and even arrested two civic activist for throwing eggs at the graffiti.
Graffiti may also be used as an offensive expression. This form of graffiti may be difficult to identify, as it is mostly removed by the local authority (as councils which have adopted strategies of criminalization also strive to remove graffiti quickly). Therefore, existing racist graffiti is mostly more subtle and at first sight, not easily recognized as "racist". It can then be understood only if one knows the relevant "local code" (social, historical, political, temporal, and spatial), which is seen as heteroglot and thus a 'unique set of conditions' in a cultural context.
A spatial code for example, could be that there is a certain youth group in an area that is engaging heavily in racist activities. So, for residents (knowing the local code), a graffiti containing only the name or abbreviation of this gang already is a racist expression, reminding the offended people of their gang activities. Also a graffiti is in most cases, the herald of more serious criminal activity to come. A person who does not know these gang activities would not be able to recognize the meaning of this graffiti. Also if a tag of this youth group or gang is placed on a building occupied by asylum seekers, for example, its racist character is even stronger.
By making the graffiti less explicit (as adapted to social and legal constraints), these drawings are less likely to be removed, but do not lose their threatening and offensive character.
Elsewhere, activists in Russia have used painted caricatures of local officials with their mouths as potholes, to show their anger about the poor state of the roads. In Manchester, England, a graffitists painted obscene images around potholes, which often resulted in them being repaired within 48 hours.
In the early 1980s, the first art galleries to show graffitists to the public were Fashion Moda in the Bronx, Now Gallery and Fun Gallery, both in the East Village, Manhattan.
A 2006 exhibition at the Brooklyn Museum displayed graffiti as an art form that began in New York's outer boroughs and reached great heights in the early 1980s with the work of Crash, Lee, Daze, Keith Haring, and Jean-Michel Basquiat. It displayed 22 works by New York graffitists, including Crash, Daze, and Lady Pink. In an article about the exhibition in the magazine Time Out, curator Charlotta Kotik said that she hoped the exhibition would cause viewers to rethink their assumptions about graffiti.
From the 1970s onwards, Burhan Doğançay photographed urban walls all over the world; these he then archived for use as sources of inspiration for his painterly works. The project today known as "Walls of the World" grew beyond even his own expectations and comprises about 30,000 individual images. It spans a period of 40 years across five continents and 114 countries. In 1982, photographs from this project comprised a one-man exhibition titled "Les murs murmurent, ils crient, ils chantent ..." (The walls whisper, shout and sing ...) at the Centre Georges Pompidou in Paris.
In Australia, art historians have judged some local graffiti of sufficient creative merit to rank them firmly within the arts. Oxford University Press's art history text Australian Painting 1788–2000 concludes with a long discussion of graffiti's key place within contemporary visual culture, including the work of several Australian practitioners.
Between March and April 2009, 150 artists exhibited 300 pieces of graffiti at the Grand Palais in Paris.
Spray paint has many negative environmental effects. The paint contains toxic chemicals, and the can uses volatile hydrocarbon gases to spray the paint onto a surface.
Volatile organic compound (VOC) leads to ground level ozone formation and most of graffiti related emissions are VOCs. A 2010 paper estimates 4,862 tons of VOCs were released in the United States in activities related to graffiti.
In China, Mao Zedong in the 1920s used revolutionary slogans and paintings in public places to galvanize the country's communist movement.
Based on different national conditions, many people believe that China's attitude towards Graffiti is fierce, but in fact, according to Lance Crayon in his film Spray Paint Beijing: Graffiti in the Capital of China, Graffiti is generally accepted in Beijing, with artists not seeing much police interference. Political and religiously sensitive graffiti, however, is not allowed.
In Hong Kong, Tsang Tsou Choi was known as the King of Kowloon for his calligraphy graffiti over many years, in which he claimed ownership of the area. Now some of his work is preserved officially.
In Taiwan, the government has made some concessions to graffitists. Since 2005 they have been allowed to freely display their work along some sections of riverside retaining walls in designated "Graffiti Zones". From 2007, Taipei's department of cultural affairs also began permitting graffiti on fences around major public construction sites. Department head Yong-ping Lee (李永萍) stated, "We will promote graffiti starting with the public sector, and then later in the private sector too. It's our goal to beautify the city with graffiti". The government later helped organize a graffiti contest in Ximending, a popular shopping district. graffitists caught working outside of these designated areas still face fines up to NT$6,000 under a department of environmental protection regulation. However, Taiwanese authorities can be relatively lenient, one veteran police officer stating anonymously, "Unless someone complains about vandalism, we won't get involved. We don't go after it proactively."
In 1993, after several expensive cars in Singapore were spray-painted, the police arrested a student from the Singapore American School, Michael P. Fay, questioned him, and subsequently charged him with vandalism. Fay pleaded guilty to vandalizing a car in addition to stealing road signs. Under the 1966 Vandalism Act of Singapore, originally passed to curb the spread of communist graffiti in Singapore, the court sentenced him to four months in jail, a fine of S$3,500 (US$2,233), and a caning. The New York Times ran several editorials and op-eds that condemned the punishment and called on the American public to flood the Singaporean embassy with protests. Although the Singapore government received many calls for clemency, Fay's caning took place in Singapore on 5 May 1994. Fay had originally received a sentence of six strokes of the cane, but the presiding president of Singapore, Ong Teng Cheong, agreed to reduce his caning sentence to four lashes.
In South Korea, Park Jung-soo was fined two million South Korean won by the Seoul Central District Court for spray-painting a rat on posters of the G-20 Summit a few days before the event in November 2011. Park alleged that the initial in "G-20" sounds like the Korean word for "rat", but Korean government prosecutors alleged that Park was making a derogatory statement about the president of South Korea, Lee Myung-bak, the host of the summit. This case led to public outcry and debate on the lack of government tolerance and in support of freedom of expression. The court ruled that the painting, "an ominous creature like a rat" amounts to "an organized criminal activity" and upheld the fine while denying the prosecution's request for imprisonment for Park.
In Europe, community cleaning squads have responded to graffiti, in some cases with reckless abandon, as when in 1992 in France a local Scout group, attempting to remove modern graffiti, damaged two prehistoric paintings of bison in the Cave of Mayrière supérieure near the French village of Bruniquel in Tarn-et-Garonne, earning them the 1992 Ig Nobel Prize in archeology.
In September 2006, the European Parliament directed the European Commission to create urban environment policies to prevent and eliminate dirt, litter, graffiti, animal excrement, and excessive noise from domestic and vehicular music systems in European cities, along with other concerns over urban life.
In Budapest, Hungary, both a city-backed movement called I Love Budapest and a special police division tackle the problem, including the provision of approved areas.
The Anti-social Behaviour Act 2003 became Britain's latest anti-graffiti legislation. In August 2004, the Keep Britain Tidy campaign issued a press release calling for zero tolerance of graffiti and supporting proposals such as issuing "on the spot" fines to graffiti offenders and banning the sale of aerosol paint to anyone under the age of 16. The press release also condemned the use of graffiti images in advertising and in music videos, arguing that real-world experience of graffiti stood far removed from its often-portrayed "cool" or "edgy'" image.
To back the campaign, 123 Members of Parliament (MPs) (including then Prime Minister Tony Blair), signed a charter which stated: "Graffiti is not art, it's crime. On behalf of my constituents, I will do all I can to rid our community of this problem."
In the UK, city councils have the power to take action against the owner of any property that has been defaced under the Anti-social Behaviour Act 2003 (as amended by the Clean Neighbourhoods and Environment Act 2005) or, in certain cases, the Highways Act. This is often used against owners of property that are complacent in allowing protective boards to be defaced so long as the property is not damaged.
In July 2008, a conspiracy charge was used to convict graffitists for the first time. After a three-month police surveillance operation, nine members of the DPM crew were convicted of conspiracy to commit criminal damage costing at least £1 million. Five of them received prison sentences, ranging from eighteen months to two years. The unprecedented scale of the investigation and the severity of the sentences rekindled public debate over whether graffiti should be considered art or crime.
Some councils, like those of Stroud and Loerrach, provide approved areas in the town where graffitists can showcase their talents, including underpasses, car parks, and walls that might otherwise prove a target for the "spray and run".
Graffiti Tunnel, University of Sydney at Camperdown (2009)
In an effort to reduce vandalism, many cities in Australia have designated walls or areas exclusively for use by graffitists. One early example is the "Graffiti Tunnel" located at the Camperdown Campus of the University of Sydney, which is available for use by any student at the university to tag, advertise, poster, and paint. Advocates of this idea suggest that this discourages petty vandalism yet encourages artists to take their time and produce great art, without worry of being caught or arrested for vandalism or trespassing.[108][109] Others disagree with this approach, arguing that the presence of legal graffiti walls does not demonstrably reduce illegal graffiti elsewhere. Some local government areas throughout Australia have introduced "anti-graffiti squads", who clean graffiti in the area, and such crews as BCW (Buffers Can't Win) have taken steps to keep one step ahead of local graffiti cleaners.
Many state governments have banned the sale or possession of spray paint to those under the age of 18 (age of majority). However, a number of local governments in Victoria have taken steps to recognize the cultural heritage value of some examples of graffiti, such as prominent political graffiti. Tough new graffiti laws have been introduced in Australia with fines of up to A$26,000 and two years in prison.
Melbourne is a prominent graffiti city of Australia with many of its lanes being tourist attractions, such as Hosier Lane in particular, a popular destination for photographers, wedding photography, and backdrops for corporate print advertising. The Lonely Planet travel guide cites Melbourne's street as a major attraction. All forms of graffiti, including sticker art, poster, stencil art, and wheatpasting, can be found in many places throughout the city. Prominent street art precincts include; Fitzroy, Collingwood, Northcote, Brunswick, St. Kilda, and the CBD, where stencil and sticker art is prominent. As one moves farther away from the city, mostly along suburban train lines, graffiti tags become more prominent. Many international artists such as Banksy have left their work in Melbourne and in early 2008 a perspex screen was installed to prevent a Banksy stencil art piece from being destroyed, it has survived since 2003 through the respect of local street artists avoiding posting over it, although it has recently had paint tipped over it.
In February 2008 Helen Clark, the New Zealand prime minister at that time, announced a government crackdown on tagging and other forms of graffiti vandalism, describing it as a destructive crime representing an invasion of public and private property. New legislation subsequently adopted included a ban on the sale of paint spray cans to persons under 18 and increases in maximum fines for the offence from NZ$200 to NZ$2,000 or extended community service. The issue of tagging become a widely debated one following an incident in Auckland during January 2008 in which a middle-aged property owner stabbed one of two teenage taggers to death and was subsequently convicted of manslaughter.
Graffiti databases have increased in the past decade because they allow vandalism incidents to be fully documented against an offender and help the police and prosecution charge and prosecute offenders for multiple counts of vandalism. They also provide law enforcement the ability to rapidly search for an offender's moniker or tag in a simple, effective, and comprehensive way. These systems can also help track costs of damage to a city to help allocate an anti-graffiti budget. The theory is that when an offender is caught putting up graffiti, they are not just charged with one count of vandalism; they can be held accountable for all the other damage for which they are responsible. This has two main benefits for law enforcement. One, it sends a signal to the offenders that their vandalism is being tracked. Two, a city can seek restitution from offenders for all the damage that they have committed, not merely a single incident. These systems give law enforcement personnel real-time, street-level intelligence that allows them not only to focus on the worst graffiti offenders and their damage, but also to monitor potential gang violence that is associated with the graffiti.
Many restrictions of civil gang injunctions are designed to help address and protect the physical environment and limit graffiti. Provisions of gang injunctions include things such as restricting the possession of marker pens, spray paint cans, or other sharp objects capable of defacing private or public property; spray painting, or marking with marker pens, scratching, applying stickers, or otherwise applying graffiti on any public or private property, including, but not limited to the street, alley, residences, block walls, and fences, vehicles or any other real or personal property. Some injunctions contain wording that restricts damaging or vandalizing both public and private property, including but not limited to any vehicle, light fixture, door, fence, wall, gate, window, building, street sign, utility box, telephone box, tree, or power pole.
To help address many of these issues, many local jurisdictions have set up graffiti abatement hotlines, where citizens can call in and report vandalism and have it removed. San Diego's hotline receives more than 5,000 calls per year, in addition to reporting the graffiti, callers can learn more about prevention. One of the complaints about these hotlines is the response time; there is often a lag time between a property owner calling about the graffiti and its removal. The length of delay should be a consideration for any jurisdiction planning on operating a hotline. Local jurisdictions must convince the callers that their complaint of vandalism will be a priority and cleaned off right away. If the jurisdiction does not have the resources to respond to complaints in a timely manner, the value of the hotline diminishes. Crews must be able to respond to individual service calls made to the graffiti hotline as well as focus on cleanup near schools, parks, and major intersections and transit routes to have the biggest impact. Some cities offer a reward for information leading to the arrest and prosecution of suspects for tagging or graffiti related vandalism. The amount of the reward is based on the information provided, and the action taken.
When police obtain search warrants in connection with a vandalism investigation, they are often seeking judicial approval to look for items such as cans of spray paint and nozzles from other kinds of aerosol sprays; etching tools, or other sharp or pointed objects, which could be used to etch or scratch glass and other hard surfaces; permanent marking pens, markers, or paint sticks; evidence of membership or affiliation with any gang or tagging crew; paraphernalia including any reference to "(tagger's name)"; any drawings, writing, objects, or graffiti depicting taggers' names, initials, logos, monikers, slogans, or any mention of tagging crew membership; and any newspaper clippings relating to graffiti crime.
Consumers Energy employees before the February 4, 2012 Walk for Warmth in Mt. Pleasant, Michigan coordinated by EightCAP, Inc.
21st March 2015 saw Miles Continental ŠKODA's first involvement with the Coffee Culture Le Race. For us, the day itself was a culmination of 5 months of training with our very own 'ŠKODA Cycle Wave'. Along with the support of fellow local businesses, we trained together throughout the months and started the race itself as one.
At the end of the race, our guests had use of the ŠKODA tent, with lounge facilities and refreshments.
We really enjoyed the entire event and look forward to the next one.
Register your interest in joining us for next year's event: eepurl.com/39hoP
View more of our involvement on our website: www.milescontinental.co.nz/lerace
Thanks so much to our fellow sponsors of the Coffee Culture Le Race, particularly those awesome people that joined us for our group meetings and offered their sage advice (special mention to ŠKODA New Zealand and Alison Shanks!):
* Coffee Culture
* Specialized New Zealand
* The Press - www.press.co.nz
* Chain Reaction Cycles
* iHeartRadio
* Pure Sports Nutrition
* Akaroa 365 days of the Year
* Les Mills - New Zealand
* Tineli New Zealand
* Mackley Carriers Ltd
* Nature Valley Australia & New Zealand
* Lindauer
* TotalPos Solutions
* SMITH OPTICS NZ
* Dole Fresh New Zealand
* Photo & Video International
* Meadow Mushrooms
* Breads of Europe
* O'Neill Rentals
* MG Marketing
* Pasta Vera
* Moffatts Flower Company
* Interislander
* Global Adventure Guide
* Complete Performance Ltd
* Odlin Cycle Coaching
* Ronald McDonald House South Island
* 5 Passes Tour
* Cycling New Zealand
#LeRace
Please credit www.milescontinental.co.nz if using these photos.
NRC volunteers judge projects for a special NRC award at the 2009 Montgomery County area science fair held at the University of Maryland.
Visit the Nuclear Regulatory Commission's website at www.nrc.gov/.
To comment on this photo go to public-blog.nrc-gateway.gov/2012/04/01/nrc-moves-its-publ....
Photos by www.RonSombilonGalleryPhotography.com
ABOUT ROAMING DRAGON
Roaming Dragon came to life as two lifelong friends identified a major void in Vancouver’s food scene…the absence of restaurant quality food being served via Food Trucks!
Since launching in June 2010, Roaming Dragon has earned praise for our menus, our involvement as leaders in the food truck revolution, and for elevating the food truck experience across Canada.
Roaming Dragon can be seen on the streets of Vancouver, catering the city’s most exciting events, at a Farmers Market, or participating in charity events.
We specialize in authentically unauthentic Pan-Asian deliciousness. We offer unique interpretations of dishes and flavours familiar throughout Southeast Asia.
Street Food. Catering. Events.
As crazy as it may sound, the Dragon is so much more than a truck that serves food…the Dragon has a spirit and energy of its own!
From the aesthetics of the Dragon to the delicious smells, the music to the welcoming lanterns, the amazing food to our incredible staff…the Dragon has heart and soul.
The combination of food, music, smells, and smiles from our team make the journey to the Dragon special. We’re PROUD of our team, PROUD of our food, PROUD of our suppliers, and most of all PROUD to serve our customers.
We fundamentally believe that you DESERVE the finest ingredients, prepared with care and respect, and presented in unique and delicious ways.
We’re PROUD to know where our food comes from, that it was raised ETHICALLY and NATURALLY. Our team takes PRIDE in bringing you the most INNOVATIVE Pan-Asian cuisine you’ll ever come across!
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This ARRA project involves crack sealing, chip sealing, and restriping most of the paved roads on the North and South Rims of Grand Canyon National Park. Paved road surfaces should receive a pavement treatment on an approximately seven-year cycle to sustain the integrity of the road surface and increase the roadway’s life span. This sealcoat will assure at least seven or more years of service without having to reconstruct the sub base and resurface the asphalt.
The Canadian War Museum is Canada's national museum of military history. Located in Ottawa, Ontario, the museum covers all facets of Canada's military past, from the first recorded instances of death by armed violence in Canadian history several hundred years ago to the country's most recent involvement in conflicts.
It includes major permanent exhibitions on wars that have been fought on Canadian soil, the total wars of the twentieth century, the Cold War and peace support operations abroad, and Canada's history of honouring and remembrance.
There is also an open storage area displaying large objects from the Museum's collection, from naval guns to tanks, from motorcycles to jet aircraft. The exhibits depict Canada's military past in its personal, national and international dimensions, with special emphasis on the human experience of war and the manner in which war has affected, and been affected by, Canadians' participation.
The Student Involvement Fair will was held on January 23, 2019. This event is designed to give students the opportunity to learn more about clubs and organizations at Ramapo College, while each club has an opportunity to advertise and enroll new members. Learn more about student clubs: www.ramapo.edu/clubs/
American author and geographer
born 6 May 1890 in Lake Forest, IL
in 1915 she was traveling to Japan with her close friend and fellow writer, Elsie Weil.
"Gertrude Emerson ... (6 May 1890–1982) was an early 20th-century expert on Asia and a founding member of the Society of Woman Geographers. After teaching English in Japan, (she) returned to the United States to become the editor of Asia magazine. In 1920 she undertook a round-the-world expedition which included stunt flying and caving. Eventually she settled in a village in northeastern India, participated in rural life, married Indian native Basiswar Sen on November 1, 1932, and came to love the culture of her adopted country. Her attachment is reflected in her books Voiceless India (1944) and Pageant of India's History (1948). Although not born in India herself, she strongly disapproved on the involvement of non-Indians in subcontinental matters. Sen died in 1982, aged 89." - wikipedia.com
The Student Involvement Fair will was held on January 23, 2019. This event is designed to give students the opportunity to learn more about clubs and organizations at Ramapo College, while each club has an opportunity to advertise and enroll new members. Learn more about student clubs: www.ramapo.edu/clubs/
Mapping workshop in Nakhon, Kassena Nankana District - Ghana.
Photo by Axel Fassio/CIFOR
If you use one of our photos, please credit it accordingly and let us know. You can reach us through our Flickr account or at: cifor-mediainfo@cgiar.org and m.edliadi@cgiar.org
©AVucha 2018
An 18-year-old Harvard man has been charged following a crash involving a car and motorcycle that left two people with life-threatening injuries in Harvard on Sunday.
Harvard police and firefighters were called at 4:45 p.m. on Sunday to Marengo Road and Brink Street in Harvard. Emergency crews found two people who were riding on the motorcycle who suffered life-threatening injuries.
A REACT medical helicopter and Flight For Life helicopter were both called to the scene to fly the victims to Rockford Memorial hospital.
Police said that Yonatan Escobar-Albarran, 18, of Harvard, was issued two citations for failure to yield at a stop or yield intersection and failure to reduce speed to avoid an accident.
Police said that Escobar-Albarran was driving southbound on Marengo Road when he collided with the motorcycle that was driving westbound on Brink Street. Officials said that he did not yield at the intersection.
The McHenry County Sheriff’s Office Accident Investigation Unit responded to assist with the investigation.
This photograph is being made available only for personal use printing by the subject(s) of the photograph. The photograph may not be manipulated in any way and may not be used in commercial material, advertisements, emails, products, promotions without the expressed consent of Alex Vucha.
The Student Involvement Fair will was held on January 23, 2019. This event is designed to give students the opportunity to learn more about clubs and organizations at Ramapo College, while each club has an opportunity to advertise and enroll new members. Learn more about student clubs: www.ramapo.edu/clubs/
Grandma's homemade Christmas Cookies, a yearly event involving grandkids. The lower half of the cookies were decorated by the grandkids,....can you tell? :)
After an 18 - day hunger strike involving over half of Greece's prison population the government has said that it will agree to 14 out of the inmate's 16 demands. These include the shortening of sentences and improvements in basic hygiene and medical services.
Justice minister, Sotiris Hadzigakis has agreed to present legislation to parliament that is aimed at alleviating the severe overcrowding in the prison system by allowing the early release of 5500 prisoner by April 2009.
Last year the Council of Europe’s Committee for the Prevention of Torture (CPT) noted that Athen's Kordyllio high security facility, which was designed to house 640 prisoner held 2043 and that just one prison officer was on duty supervising a wing containing over 400 prisoners. The committee's report also condemned the treatment of detainees by prison officers and other law enforcement officials and the poor conditions generally in which inmates were held in jails throughout the country.
According to the national daily, Eleutherotypia one inmate a week dies whilst being held in custody in Greece.
www.cpt.coe.int/documents/grc/2008-03-inf-eng.htm#_Toc177...
my.nowpublic.com/world/hunger-strikers-win-victory-greek-...
Professor Tringham says it all in her expression: lots of hard work can also be a lot of fun!
Photo by: Erica Pallo
Image name: RET_SFPresidio_071211_EPiPhone4_1547_JPG
Original image: IMG_1547
Photographs in this collection have been produced by Erica Pallo and Connor Rowe in order to chronicle the course activities of the students of UC Berkeley Summer 2011 Anthropology 136E class, under the direction of professors Ruth Tringham and Michael Ashley, as they digitally document and interpret the cultural heritage of El Presidio de San Francisco (the Presidio of San Francisco) from the 18th to the early 19th Centuries.
The purpose of the course is to focus on the real world challenge of documenting archaeological places through the creation of interpretive walks and non-invasive site installations, specifically at the Presidio of San Francisco. The course focuses on the tangible remains and documents of the past, but also the intangible heritage in the form of memories, knowledge, performance, and skills of the past of the San Francisco Presidio and El Polin Spring (Tennessee Hollow Watershed).
The course involves the design, field trial, and documentation of these different formats of representation of cultural heritage places, with an emphasis on practical digital field recording combined with geo-temporal databases. The aim is to seek alternatives to permanent markers of information about places, and their tangible and intangible heritage, especially in sensitive sites, such as national or regional parks. The course takes advantage of the many specialists in these technologies in the Bay Area, especially the Presidio Archaeology Lab of the Presidio Trust, with whom the class has contact and who have offered to contribute their help to the course.
The San Francisco Presidio (37°47'N, 122°27'W) and surrounding areas (like the Mission Dolores) was a military-occupied fortification controlled by various empires/governments throughout history including Spain (1776-1821), Mexico (1822-1846), and the United States of America (1846-1994 as an Army post, with the ownership of the park to be fully transitioned to the National Park Service by 2013). Archaeological excavations began on the site in 1993 after development expansion projects unearthed parts of the original stone foundation of El Presidio's Spanish fort beneath the Funston Avenue Officers’ Quarters by archaeological consultants working for the the U.S. Army.
Photographs in this collection were shot between July 5-August 12, 2011 during the hours of 9am-4pm Pacific Time under a multitude of atmospheric conditions. Photos were captured on the following cameras: Apple iPhone 4 with an external lens device attached called the OWLE Bubo, Canon DSLR XSi/T2i, S95, Sony Cybershot, Canon Powershot. Lenses used include: Macro 60mm, Telephoto 70-200, Canon 18-55mm, Canon 17-85mm. A tripod was used for Gigapan, telephoto, and HDR shots. Various types of mobile phones were also used for documentation shots and Geo-tagging. The photos were post-processed in Apple iPhoto and Adobe Photoshop Lightroom 3.
Description written by Erica Pallo with excerpts originally prepared by Ruth Tringham.
All photos Copyright ©2011 Center for Digital Archaeology, Berkeley CA, licensed under Creative Commons BY-NC 3.0 For more information, contact Center for Digital Archaeology, Berkeley, CA, 94720 or visit: www.codifi.info
For more information about El Presidio de San Francisco, visit: www.presidio.gov, or the Presidio Archaeology Lab of the Presidio Trust at: www.presidio.gov/history/archaeology.
Here is a collage I did in which it involves a giant oak tree with a lot of people hanging around and admiring it.
Sources for the photos: tdbklassen.wordpress.com/2009/12/31/sightseeing/large-tre... pngimg.com/upload/man_PNG6515.png
www.immediateentourage.com/ie/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/... www.immediateentourage.com/ie/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/... darrenfinn.wordpress.com/2014/10/13/photoshop-exercise/ www.gymtasticsgymtools.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2013/0... www.immediateentourage.com/ie/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/... www.immediateentourage.com/ie/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/... www.immediateentourage.com/ie/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/... skalgubbar.se/post/46580783975/203-im-sitting-on-the-roof... www.immediateentourage.com/ie/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/... skalgubbar.se/post/57010962703/entourage-silhouettes-pers... www.immediateentourage.com/ie/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/... www.immediateentourage.com/ie/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/... www.immediateentourage.com/ie/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/... 24.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_m5o7ofIsZf1qikgdeo1_1280.png
3.bp.blogspot.com/-DqmVtWkLLgk/UUnWiYsufHI/AAAAAAAAEkc/cI... cozey7.com/cozey-gallery/
www.immediateentourage.com/ie/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/... www.bebopusadogcollarsandleashes.com/wp-content/uploads/2...
www.immediateentourage.com/ie/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/... www.immediateentourage.com/ie/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/...
www.turnkeystorage.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/family-...
pngimg.com/upload/dog_PNG192.png
www.immediateentourage.com/ie/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/...
Title / Titre :
Camp etiquette involves shaving daily and putting on a tie when cleaning up after work at Eldorado Mining and Refining Ltd. /
Au camp de l’Eldorado Mining and Refining Ltd, il est de mise de se raser quotidiennement et de porter la cravate après le travail
Creator(s) / Créateur(s) : Eldorado Mining & Refining Ltd.
Date(s) : circa / vers 1930
Reference No. / Numéro de référence : ITEM 3375959
central.bac-lac.gc.ca/.redirect?app=fonandcol&id=3375...
Location / Lieu : Port Radium, Northwest Territories, Canada / Port Radium, Territoires-du-Nord-Ouest, Canada
Credit / Mention de source :
Eldorado Mining & Refining Ltd. Eldorado Nuclear Limited fonds. Library and Archives Canada, C-023984 /
Eldorado Mining & Refining Ltd. Fonds Eldorado Nuclear Limited. Bibliothèque et Archives Canada, C-023984
Bravery involves acting on conviction even if unpopular, not shrinking from fear, and speaking up for what is right even if there is opposition. Bravery has been called corrective because, in some ways, it is used to counteract difficulties everyone faces. We typically think of bravery as physical, such as the bravery demonstrated by soldiers on a battlefield. Bravery is also psychological, such as when we face our problems in a direct way, when we admit our vulnerabilities, and when we seek help. Bravery is moral when we stand up for those who are less fortunate or cannot defend themselves or when we speak up in a group advocating for the rights of others. Bravery is not equivalent to fearlessness because fear is certainly experienced. Rather, bravery is the ability to do what needs to be done in spite of fear. This strength is evident when choosing to do the unpopular but correct thing, or facing a terminal illness with equanimity, or resisting peer pressure regarding a morally questionable shortcut. As a signature strength, bravery emerges regularly, not only in exceptional circumstances.
“The meaning of life is to find your gift. The purpose of life is to give it away.”
- Pablo Picasso
Don't sell yourself short, maximise your presence in life by making use of your top strengths. But first, you need to know what they are. To take the only free scientifically backed personality test available today visit www.revisedperception.com/
David Luddy
Revised Perception
Photograph courtesy of www.nativeamericancelebration.com/images/powwow_dancer.jpg
Native American religion is strongly associated with the natural world. The earth is filled with supernatural meaning. Natural objects are full of sacred presences. Ceremonial rituals involving these objects ensure communal and individual prosperity. Ceremonial rituals include rain and fertility ceremonies, animal ceremonialism, the quest for spiritual power, and the male Supreme Being. Some important issues for Native American civil rights advocates are cultural issues related to the ability to maintain and pass on traditional religious beliefs, languages and social practices without fear of discrimination. Native Americans have long fought to protect their religious freedom from repeated acts of governmental suppression; including the denial of access to religious sites, prohibitions on the use or possession of sacred objects, and restrictions on their ability to worship through ceremonial and traditional means. The Free Exercise Clause of the First Amendment was extended to Indians under the Indian Civil Rights Act of 1968 allowing them religious freedom. However, this freedom was limited. This prompted the Indian Bill of Rights and later, the American Indian Religious Freedom Act of 1978 established national policy to protect and preserve Native American rights of freedom to believe, express, and exercise their traditional religions.
Micahelson, Robert S. 1983. We Also Have a Religion: The Free Exercise of Religion among Native Americans. American Indian Quarterly. 7(3): 111-142.
Commissioner Edward McGaffigan (center) poses with the five students of the Montgomery County Science Fair, NRC honors them at a special ceremony on May 30th, 2007.
Visit the Nuclear Regulatory Commission's website at www.nrc.gov/.
To comment on this photo go to public-blog.nrc-gateway.gov/2012/04/01/nrc-moves-its-publ....
The Student Involvement Fair will was held on January 23, 2019. This event is designed to give students the opportunity to learn more about clubs and organizations at Ramapo College, while each club has an opportunity to advertise and enroll new members. Learn more about student clubs: www.ramapo.edu/clubs/
The Student Involvement Fair will was held on January 23, 2019. This event is designed to give students the opportunity to learn more about clubs and organizations at Ramapo College, while each club has an opportunity to advertise and enroll new members. Learn more about student clubs: www.ramapo.edu/clubs/
At 1533hrs, Glen Rock Police & Volunteer Ambulance were sent to an MVA involving a bus and at least one injury. Units arriving on scene requested GRFD for a "door pop" as the driver of the Volvo could not be removed via the jammed door. Glen Rock Volunteer Fire Dept, with the aid of Hawthorne Vol. Fire Dept. responded, stabilized the vehicle, and popped the doors. The sole occupant of the Volvo was taken to Valley Hospital by GRVAC for treatment. The three occupants of the NJ Transit bus reported no injuries.
Now that Sambha, Prabhouti, Pavitr, and the other women in the self-help group know each other they can offer continuing support even though Chetna's direct involvement has ended.
The Student Involvement Fair will was held on January 23, 2019. This event is designed to give students the opportunity to learn more about clubs and organizations at Ramapo College, while each club has an opportunity to advertise and enroll new members. Learn more about student clubs: www.ramapo.edu/clubs/
Lord Tennyson Winterfest 2009 photos by Ron Sombilon
tennyson.vsb.bc.ca/
About Lord Tennyson Elementary
Our School
The school is named after the famous 19th century British Poet Laureate - Lord Alfred Tennyson.
The school is a beautiful crimson red brick building dating from 1912. It boasts a wonderful park-like playground with picnic tables, a native garden, planters, benches, adventure playgrounds, a basketball court, and a grass soccer field.
Lord Tennyson is a French Immersion school enrolling 340 students in fourteen divisions. The school has two daycares on site: TOSS (Kinder and primary care) & YMCA (Intermediates); an another in the area - Kitsilano Neighbourhood House.
Mutual respect and concern for others are the hallmark of our school community. One of the school's distinguishing characteristics is its openness. There is much opportunity for parent involvement in the school, making for an active Parent Advisory Council.
This project involves constructing approximately 11 miles of second track along the North Carolina Railroad (NCRR) corridor in Rowan County. A second track will allow trains to pass more frequently, reducing congestion, increasing capacity and reliability, and decreasing travel time between Raleigh and Charlotte. Additionally, the work will involve upgrading some railroad crossings and permanently closing others, extending Kimball Road from Main Street to Chapel Street, and constructing a bridge carrying the North Carolina Railroad tracks over Kimball Road. The project limits extend along U.S. 29 from Airport Road in Salisbury to 18th Street in Kannapolis.
This project is one of three that in total will add approximately 26 miles of new second track along the main line. These projects will provide an uninterrupted double track spanning 92 miles between Greensboro and Charlotte.
This section of the NCRR is part of the busiest railroad corridor in North Carolina. This project is among improvements to the NCRR corridor between Raleigh and Charlotte to increase railroad capacity, efficiency, and safety.
Project contract was awarded in November 2013.
Project is currently under construction.
Constructing 11 miles of second track between Salisbury and Kannapolis.
Extending Kimball Road from Main Street to Chapel Street and constructing a two-track railroad bridge carrying NCRR tracks over Kimball Road.
Upgrading the following railroad crossings:
Webb Road (Salisbury)
E. Church Street (China Grove)
E. Centerview Street (China Grove)
E. Ryder Avenue (Landis)
E. 22nd Street (Kannapolis)
E. 18th Street (Kannapolis)
Permanently closing the following railroad crossings:
Mount Hope Church Road (China Grove)
E. Thom Street (China Gove)
Eudy Road (China Grove)
N. Central Avenue (Landis)
E. Mill Street (Landis)
E. 29th Street (Kannapolis)
Miracle King | Communications Officer Divisions 7 & 9
North Carolina Department of Transportation
1584 Yanceyville Street 375 Silas Creek PKWY
Greensboro, NC 27405 Winston-Salem, NC 27127
336.487.0157 | miracleking@ncdot.gov| @NCDOT_Triad
The Jackson Walk for Warmth took place in downtown Jackson, where the Consumers Energy Headquarters is located. Pictured, Patti Poppe, Vice President of Customer Experience and Operations (right), carries a Consumers Energy banner with other employees.
Fossil redwood tree trunk in the Eocene of Wyoming, USA.
This is a scarce example of a still-standing, Eocene-aged fossil tree in Yellowstone Park, Wyoming. The tree itself is a redwood, probably belonging to the genus Metasequoia. Redwoods do not live in Yellowstone today, so the climate has clearly changed since the Eocene.
The fossil wood has been permineralized. "Perminerlization" is the proper term for what most people called "petrified wood". Permineralization involves the precipitation of minerals (usually quartz - SiO2) in the porosity of wood or bone by groundwater that has percolated through. The original microscopic-level anatomy of wood can be preserved in a permineralized fossil. Sometimes mineralization can completely obscure the biologic structure of fossil wood - some paleontologists refer to that as quartz replacement, but it's just extreme permineralization.
Classification: Plantae, Pinophyta, Pinopsida, Pinales, Cupressaceae
Stratigraphy: Sepulcher Formation, Washburn Group, lower Absaroka Volcanics Supergroup, Eocene
Locality: "Petrified Tree", northern Yellowstone National Park, nw Wyoming, USA