ITU session on ICTs and Conformance & Interoperability (C&I)

©ITU/E.Skvortsova

Two F/A-18D Hornets with Marine All-Weather Fighter Attack Squadron (VMFA) 224 taxi down the Chitose Air Base apron after traveling from Marine Corps Air Station Iwakuni, Jan. 12, 2015. VMFA (AW)-224, homebased at MCAS Beaufort, S.C., is temporarily based in Iwakuni on a unit deployment program and deployed to Northern Japan to participate in the Chitose Aviation Training Relocation Exercise, Jan. 12-22. During the exercise, the squadron conducted dissimilar air combat training with and against the Japan Air Self-Defense Force to further support combined interoperability and Pacific theater security cooperation. (U.S. Marine Corps photo by Cpl. Jessica Quezada/Released)

Deputy Commanding General of U.S. Army Europe, Maj. Gen. William Gayler, answers questions during a press conference as part of Distinguished Visitors Day for Exercise Allied Spirit IV at the 7th Army Joint Multinational Training Command's Hohenfels Training Area, Germany, Jan. 27, 2016. The Allied Spirit IV Exercise focuses on unified land operations and enhancing fires interoperability and integration of NATO Allies. (U.S. Army photo by Spc. Nathanael Mercado/ Released)

Soldiers of the Hungarian Defense Forces stood watch as Troopers assigned to 4th Squadron, 2nd Cavalry Regiment, conducted a deliberate water crossing in their M1126 Stryker Combat Vehicles using a bypass bridging site during Dragoon Crossing, a tactical road march starting out at Rose Barracks, Germany and continuing through the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic ending in Hungary on Sept. 17, 2015. The purpose of the exercise is to reassure NATO Allies of the U.S. intent during Operation Atlantic Resolve while demonstrating interoperability and freedom of movement throughout Eastern Europe. (U.S. Army photo by Sgt. William A. Tanner/released)

A Battle Group Poland Romanian soldier low crawls through mud during the battle group’s first multinational Spur Ride at Bemowo Piskie Training Area, Poland, July 1-2, 2017. Per cavalry tradition, soldiers must complete a series of gruelling mental and physical tests to earn the honor to wear silver spurs. The historic event helped strengthen the bond between the NATO allies and improved their interoperability.

150615-M-OM669-011 POLAND (June 15, 2015) A British Royal Navy Lynx Mk-8 helicopter pilot coordinates with a U.S. Army paratrooper during a non-combatant evacuation (NEO) drill as part of BALTOPS 2015. The U.S. Army paratroopers from the 173d Airborne Brigade inserted into Poland via a British Royal Navy Lynx Mk-8. The NEO is one of the exercise scenarios for BALTOPS 2015, an annually reoccurring multinational exercise designed to enhance flexibility and interoperability, as well as demonstrate resolve of allied and partner forces to defend the Baltic region. (Official U.S. Marine Corps photo by 1st Lt. Sarah E. Burns/Released)

170805-N-KB401-276 ATLANTIC OCEAN (Aug. 5, 2017) The Nimitz-class aircraft carrier USS George H.W. Bush (CVN 77) sails through the Atlantic Ocean during exercise Saxon Warrior 2017, Aug. 5. Saxon Warrior is a United States and United Kingdom co- hosted carrier strike group exercise that demonstrates interoperability and capability to respond to crises and deter potential threats. (U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class Michael B. Zingaro/Released)

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FORT PICKETT, Va. (March 17, 2008) A Sailor assigned to Riverine Squadron (RIVRON) 3 keeps watch ashore as a riverine patrol boat is launched during the Navy Expeditionary Combat Command Advanced Training Exercise (NAT-EX). NAT-EX is an integrated adaptive force package exercise focusing on training a command and control staff element as well as increasing interoperability among the Navy's expeditionary forces. U.S. Navy photo by Senior Chief Mass Communication Specialist Dave Nagle (Released)

Infantrymen assigned to the 3rd Battalion, 8th Cavalry Regiment, 3rd Armored Brigade Combat Team, 1st Cavalry Division clean their weapons in preparation for a joint, combined unknown distance live-fire range with the U.S. Marines and the Italian Army May 9 during Exercise Eager Lion 2017 in Wadi Shadiya, Jordan. Eager Lion was a two-weeklong multinational exercise with the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, in order to exchange military expertise and improve interoperability among partner nations. (U.S. Army photo by Staff Sgt. Leah R. Kilpatrick, 3rd Armored Brigade Combat Team Public Affairs Office, 1st Cavalry Division (released)

Pfc. Mikel Chamen, a New York City native and an infantryman with Company A, 3rd Battalion, 8th Cavalry Regiment, 3rd Armored Brigade Combat Team, 1st Cavalry Division, engages target a from a kneeling position during a combined, joint unknown distance live-fire range with the U.S. Marines and the Italian Army May 9 at Wadi Shadiya, Jordan during Exercise Eager Lion 2017. Eager Lion was a two-weeklong multinational exercise with the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, in order to exchange military expertise and improve interoperability among partner nations. (U.S. Army photo by Staff Sgt. Leah R. Kilpatrick, 3rd Armored Brigade Combat Team Public Affairs Office, 1st Cavalry Division (released)

U.S. Marine Corps F/A-18 Hornets arrive at Rovaniemi Air Base in preparation for exercise Bold Quest 19.1, in Rovaniemi, Finland, May 14, 2019. The U.S. Marine Corps’ participation in Bold Quest 19.1 ensures close-air support interoperability and enables the Marine Corps to globally deploy its forces alongside European allies and partners. The aircraft is assigned to Marine Fighter Attack Squadron 251, Marine Aircraft Group 31, 2nd Marine Aircraft Wing. (U.S. Marine Corps photos by Cpl. Cody Rowe)

Soldiers of the Hungarian Defense Forces stood watch as Troopers assigned to 4th Squadron, 2nd Cavalry Regiment, conducted a deliberate water crossing in their M1126 Stryker Combat Vehicles using a bypass bridging site during Dragoon Crossing, a tactical road march starting out at Rose Barracks, Germany and continuing through the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic ending in Hungary on Sept. 17, 2015. The purpose of the exercise is to reassure NATO Allies of the U.S. intent during Operation Atlantic Resolve while demonstrating interoperability and freedom of movement throughout Eastern Europe. (U.S. Army photo by Sgt. William A. Tanner/released)

Eager Lion was a two-weeklong multinational exercise with the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, in order to exchange military expertise and improve interoperability among partner nations. (U.S. Army photo by Staff Sgt. Leah R. Kilpatrick, 3rd Armored Brigade Combat Team Public Affairs Office, 1st Cavalry Division (released)

A Polish soldier of the 15th Mechanized Brigade crosses a rope bridge during the battle group’s first multinational Spur Ride at Bemowo Piskie Training Area, Poland, July 1-2, 2017. Per cavalry tradition, soldiers must complete a series of gruelling mental and physical tests to earn the honor to wear silver spurs. The historic event helped strengthen the bond between the NATO allies and improved their interoperability. (U.S. Army photo by Sgt Jimmy Golden/Released)

An AH-1W Cobra lands on the flightdeck of the U.S.S. Bonhomme Richard after participating in a close air support mission during exercise Ssang Yong 2014 on April 1, 2014. Exercise Ssang Yong is conducted annually in the Republic of Korea (ROK) to enhance the interoperability of U.S. and ROK forces by performing a full spectrum of amphibious operations while showcasing sea-based power projection in the Pacific. (U.S. Marine Corps Photo by Lance Cpl. Katelyn Hunter/Released).

1st Lt. Joshua Hurst (right), an assitant military intelligence officer (S2) assigned to 2nd Squadron, 2nd Cavalry Regiment, briefs the situational and intelligence warfighting function of an operation order during the unit's rehearsal of concept drill, held in preparation of the unit's support for Operation Atlantic Resolve in Mihail Kogalniceanu, Romania, Mar. 23, 2015. The purpose of the Operation Atlantic Resolve is to conduct multinational training as well as improving allied interoperability between U.S. and NATO forces. (U.S. Army photo by Sgt. William A. Tanner/released)

Spc. Brittany Fetterman, assigned to the Tennessee National Guard's 269th Military Police Company, participates in a field training event, June 19, 2018, as part of Exercise Platinum Wolf. About 50 members of the unit participated in the two-week multinational peacekeeping exercise that brought 10 nations together to enhance military cooperation and interoperability at Serbia’s South Base and Borovac Training Area, June 11-22. (Ohio National Guard photo by Senior Master Sgt. Beth Holliker)

Lt. Col. Theodore A. Johnson (middle,) squadron commander assigned to 2nd Squadron, 2nd Cavalry Regiment, stands with leaders from the Romanian Land Forces and the British Coldstream Guard, as they wait for the arrival of distinguished guests, while participating in a multinational combined arms demonstration during an Exercise Wind Spring Distinguished Visitor's event at Smardan Training Area, Romania, Apr. 18, 2015. The purpose of the event was to demonstrate interoperability between NATO Allies, while also allowing members of the Romanian government, along with British military leadership, to watch as the units worked and trained together in support of Operation Atlantic Resolve-South. (U.S. Army photo by Sgt. William A. Tanner/released)

Leaders assigned to 4th Squadron, 2nd Cavalry Regiment, brief Troopers before preparing their M1126 Stryker Combat Vehicles to participate in Dragoon Crossing, a tactical road march starting out at Rose Barracks, Germany and continuing through the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic ending in Hungary on Sept. 13, 2015. The purpose of the exercise is to reassure NATO Allies of the U.S. intent during Operation Atlantic Resolve while demonstrating interoperability and freedom of movement throughout Eastern Europe. (U.S. Army photo by Sgt. William A. Tanner/released)

Troopers assigned to 4th Squadron, 2nd Cavalry Regiment, conduct a brief rest stop during vehicle convoy through local Czech Republic farmland while participating in Dragoon Crossing, a tactical road march starting out at Rose Barracks, Germany and continuing through the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic ending in Hungary on Sept. 13, 2015. The purpose of the exercise is to reassure NATO Allies of the U.S. intent during Operation Atlantic Resolve while demonstrating interoperability and freedom of movement throughout Eastern Europe. (U.S. Army photo by Sgt. William A. Tanner/released)

A pair of Romanian IAR-330 Puma Helicopters conduct combat hover manevers after participating in a dual helicopter attack during the aerial maneuver portion of the Distinguished Visitors Day demonstration at Cincu Training Area, Romania, May 26, 2015. This event featured several different demonstrations of the multinational interoperability training taking place at the CTA between 2nd Squadron, 2nd Cavalry Regiment, the British Coldstream Guard, the Royal Canadian Regiment, Romanian Land Forces and the Portuguese Air Force, all in support of Operation Atlantic Resolve-South. (U.S. Army photo by Sgt. William A. Tanner/released)

ITU HQ, Geneva, Switzerland, 2 August 2019

© ITU/E.Skvortsova

Romanian soldiers fire their vehicle's weapons system from a concealed defensive position during the mission readiness capabilities portion of the Distinguished Visitors Day demonstration at Cincu Training Area, Romania, May 26, 2015. This event featured several different demonstrations of the multinational interoperability training taking place at the CTA between 2nd Squadron, 2nd Cavalry Regiment, the British Coldstream Guard, the Royal Canadian Regiment, Romanian Land Forces and the Portuguese Air Force, all in support of Operation Atlantic Resolve-South. (U.S. Army photo by Sgt. William A. Tanner/released)

Command Sgt. Maj. Peter D. Johnson (middle,) squadron command sergeant major assigned to 2nd Squadron, 2nd Cavalry Regiment, talks with leadership belonging to the British Coldstream Guard, Romanian Land Forces and the Royal Canadian Regiment, before the start of the Distinguished Visitors Day demonstration at Cincu Training Area, Romania, May 26, 2015. This event featured several different demonstrations of the multinational interoperability training taking place at the CTA between 2nd Squadron, the British Coldstream Guard, the Royal Canadian Regiment, Romanian Land Forces and the Portuguese Air Force, all in support of Operation Atlantic Resolve-South. (U.S. Army photo by Sgt. William A. Tanner/released)

Visitors from various nations visit 4th Battalion, 319th Airborne Field Artillery Regiment, 173rd Airborne Brigade’s tactical operations center during the 7th Army Joint Multinational Training Command's Distinguished Visitors Day for Exercise Allied Spirit IV at Hohenfels Training Area, Germany, Jan. 27, 2016. The Allied Spirit IV Exercise focuses on unified land operations and enhancing fires interoperability and integration of NATO Allies. (U.S. Army photo by Visual Information Specialist Gertrud Zach/releasesd)

April 26, 2008, Navy Lt. Jerome V. Cerdan, a dentist, and Petty Officer 3rd Class Alfredo Ruiz-Borges, a Hospital Corpsman, attached to 3rd Medical Battalion, 3rd Marine Logistics Group, extract a tooth from a young girl at the field dental clinic in Tmar Pok, Banteay Meanchey, Kingdom of Cambodia. Marines and sailors of 3rd Medical Battalion are deployed in support of Cambodia Interoperability Program '08, a bilateral Medical and Dental Civil Action Program which is intended to build on the relationship between the U.S. and Cambodian governments and develop interoperability between U.S. forces and the Royal Cambodian Armed Forces. (Official USMC photograph by Cpl. Thomas Lew)

This is what CAmbodia

This is what Cambodia is like, kind of.

Natasa Milic-Frayling of Microsoft Research Cambridge (UK) began the presentation on PLANETS: Presentaton and Long-term Access through NETworked Services (http://www.planets-project.eu/). The lifecycle and longevity of documents in their given format is being addressed, along with provisions for delivery and perhaps replacement in desired formats of users and new preferred formats for continuing future preservation.

Keber works on the SourceForge translators for ODF-OOXML and binary formats to OOXML and spoke to the current status and the exploration of templates as a way of establishing interoperable levels of documents for particular purposes..

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CLARK FIELD, Philippines – Philippine Air Force and U.S. Marine aircraft rescue fire fighters gathered around a U.S. Marine Corps MV-22B Osprey to discuss various hazardous composite materials and emergency entrance and egress procedures April 7 at Clark Field, Philippines, during exercise Balikatan 2013, an annual bilateral training evolution that helps maintain a high level of interoperability and enhances military-to-military relations, combined combat capabilities, humanitarian assistance and disaster relief. (U.S. Marine Corps photo by Pfc. Kasey Peacock/Released)

A Paratrooper from the 3rd Battalion, Royal Canadian Regiment, leaps from the door of the 34-foot tower at the Advanced Airborne School on Fort Bragg, N.C., Oct. 19, 2015. Last week, the 3RCR began to arrive on Fort Bragg to participate in the 82nd Airborne Division's Combined Joint Operational Access Exercise 16-01, beginning later this month. The 82nd Abn. Div. is leading a multinational effort to develop an interoperability program with other nations' airborne forces, often their most elite and highly trained military units, to operate together quickly and effectively in future operations. (82nd Airborne Division photo by Staff Sgt. Jason Hull)

Lt. Gen. Nicolae Ciuca (left,) Romanian Chief of General Staff, sits with The Honorable Mircea Dusa (middle,) the Romanian Minister of Defense and Mr. Dean Thompson (middle right,) the Charge'd Affairs for the U.S. embassy, along with their translators and other Romanian leadership as they prepare to participate in the Distinguished Visitors Day demonstration at the Cincu Training Area, May 26, 2015. This event featured several different demonstrations of the multinational interoperability training taking place at the CTA between 2nd Squadron, the British Coldstream Guard, the Royal Canadian Regiment, Romanian Land Forces and the Portuguese Air Force, all in support of Operation Atlantic Resolve-South. (U.S. Army photo by Sgt. William A. Tanner/released)

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FORT PICKETT, Va. (March 17, 2008) A Sailor assigned to Riverine Squadron (RIVRON) 3 keeps watch ashore as a riverine patrol boat patrols a reservoir during the Navy Expeditionary Combat Command Advanced Training Exercise (NAT-EX). NAT-EX is an integrated adaptive force package exercise focusing on training a command and control staff element as well as increasing interoperability among the Navy's expeditionary forces. U.S. Navy photo by Senior Chief Mass Communication Specialist Dave Nagle (Released)

An M1A2 Abrams Main Battle Tank assigned to 3rd Battalion, 8th Cavalry Regiment, 3rd Armored Brigade Combat Team, 1st Cavalry Division engages targets at a combined, joint live-fire accuracy screening test range May 10 in Wadi Shadiya, Jordan as part of Exercise Eager Lion 2017. Eager Lion was a two-weeklong multinational exercise with the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, in order to exchange military expertise and improve interoperability among partner nations. (U.S. Army photo by Staff Sgt. Leah R. Kilpatrick, 3rd Armored Brigade Combat Team Public Affairs Office, 1st Cavalry Division (released)

A Romanian Mig 21 conducts targeting attack maneuvers during the aerial display portion of the Distinguished Visitors Day demonstration at Cincu Training Area, Romania, May 26, 2015. This event featured several different demonstrations of the multinational interoperability training taking place at the CTA between 2nd Squadron, 2nd Cavalry Regiment, the British Coldstream Guard, the Royal Canadian Regiment, Romanian Land Forces and the Portuguese Air Force, all in support of Operation Atlantic Resolve-South. (U.S. Army photo by Sgt. William A. Tanner/released)

Officer cadets from Serbia's Military Academy take part in a graduation ceremony in front of the National Assembly of the Republic of Serbia in Belgrade, Serbia, on Sept. 8, 2018, attended by Maj. Gen. Mark E. Bartman, Ohio Adjutant General, Brig. Gen. Kenneth E. Brandt, chief chaplain of the Army National Guard and other Guard leaders. CAPSTONE 2018 is the annual culmination of the year’s events to highlight the Serbian-OHNG partnership, which will focuses on garrison command, chaplain and medical planning and distinguished leader meetings between key senior members from the Ohio National Guard and Serbia. (U.S. Air National Guard photo by Tech. Sgt. Joe Harwood\Released)

Troopers assigned to 2nd Squadron, 2nd Cavalry Regiment, fire star clusters to mark enemy positions as they maneuver towards their objective during the mission readiness capabilities portion of the Distinguished Visitors Day demonstration at Cincu Training Area, Romania, May 26, 2015. This event featured several different demonstrations of the multinational interoperability training taking place at the CTA between 2nd Squadron, 2nd Cavalry Regiment, the British Coldstream Guard, the Royal Canadian Regiment, Romanian Land Forces and the Portuguese Air Force, all in support of Operation Atlantic Resolve-South. (U.S. Army photo by Sgt. William A. Tanner/released)

Battle Group Poland U.S. combat engineers begin to enter the breach during urban breaching training near Bemowo Piskie Training Area June 8. Saber Strike 17 is a U.S. Army Europe-led multinational combined forces exercise conducted annually to enhance the NATO alliance throughout the Baltic region and Poland. This year’s exercise includes integrated and synchronized deterrence-oriented training designed to improve interoperability and readiness of the 20 participating nations’ militaries. (U.S. Army photo by Spc. Kevin Wang/Released)

ITU session on ICTs and Conformance & Interoperability (C&I)

©ITU/E.Skvortsova

Sgt. Kalvin McElroy, a native of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and an infantryman assigned to Company A, 3rd Battalion, 8th Cavalry Regiment, 3rd Armored Brigade Combat Team, 1st Cavalry Division, coaches a Soldier as he engages targets during a joint, combined unknown distance live-fire range with the U.S. Marines and the Italian Army. Eager Lion was a two-weeklong multinational exercise with the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, in order to exchange military expertise and improve interoperability among partner nations. (U.S. Army photo by Staff Sgt. Leah R. Kilpatrick, 3rd Armored Brigade Combat Team Public Affairs Office, 1st Cavalry Division (released)

160611-N-YM856-118 UTO, Sweden (June 11, 2016) Swedish Marines with 1st Marine Regiment plot grid coordinates during the tactical exercise phase of BALTOPS 2016. BALTOPS is an annual recurring multinational exercise designed to improve interoperability, enhance flexibility, and demonstrate the resolve of allied and partner nations to defend the Baltic region. (U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class Brittney Cannady/Released)

PACIFIC OCEAN (Aug. 14, 2021) Seaman Mason Sasselli, from Chico, California, assigned to forward-deployed amphibious assault ship USS America (LHA 6), attaches a fuel hose to a water pump to test the hose's integrity in the ships vehicle storage area. America, flagship of the America Expeditionary Strike Group, along with the 31st Marine Expeditionary Unit, is operating in the U.S. 7th Fleet area of responsibility to enhance interoperability with allies and partners and serve as a ready response force to defend peace and stability in the Indo-Pacific region. (U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 3rd Class Thomas B. Contant)

170807-N-KB401-275 THE MINCH, Scotland (Aug. 7, 2017) An MH-60S Sea Hawk, attached to the "Tridents" of Helicopter Sea Combat Squadron (HSC) 9, patrols while the Nimitz-class aircraft carrier USS George H.W. Bush (CVN 77) transits the Minch, Scotland, during exercise Saxon Warrior 2017, Aug. 7. Saxon Warrior is a United States and United Kingdom co-hosted carrier strike group exercise that demonstrates interoperability and capability to respond to crises and deter potential threats. (U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class Michael B. Zingaro/Released)

The guidon of Company A, 3rd Battalion, 8th Cavalry Regiment, 3rd Armored Brigade Combat Team, 1st Cavalry Division atop a tank waves in the wind before the start of a combined, joint live-fire accuracy screening test May 10 in Wadi Shadiya, Jordan during Exercise Eager Lion 2017. Eager Lion was a two-weeklong multinational exercise with the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, in order to exchange military expertise and improve interoperability among partner nations. (U.S. Army photo by Staff Sgt. Leah R. Kilpatrick, 3rd Armored Brigade Combat Team Public Affairs Office, 1st Cavalry Division (released)

Soldiers from the 2nd Battalion, 7th Cavalry Regiment "Ghost" and Kuwait's 55th Battalion, 26th Brigade "The Wall Brigade" practice mounting and dismounting a UH-60 Blackhawk at Camp Buehring, Kuwait, Oct. 4, as part of Operation Desert Wall. Operation Desert Wall was a partnership operation designed to enable interoperability between the Ghost Battalion and the Wall Brigade, inspire confidence in each other's capabilities, and posture both elements for combined operations in support of Operation Spartan Shield while supporting the units' training objectives. (U.S. Army photo by Staff Sgt. Leah R. Kilpatrick)

Romanian TR-85 Main Battle Tanks conduct tactical operations and maneuvers towards their objective while participating in a multinational combined arms demonstration alongside Troopers assigned to 2nd Squadron, 2nd Cavalry Regiment and British soldiers belonging to the Coldstream Guard, during an Exercise Wind Spring Distinguished Visitor's event at Smardan Training Area, Romania, Apr. 18, 2015. The purpose of the event was to demonstrate interoperability between NATO Allies, while also allowing members of the Romanian government, along with British military leadership, to watch as the units worked and trained together in support of Operation Atlantic Resolve-South. (U.S. Army photo by Sgt. William A. Tanner/released)

An armored personnel carrier (APC) moves into a firing position guided by a U.S. Air Force cadre during Exercise Allied Spirit at 7th Army Joint Multinational Training Command’s Hohenfels Training Area, Germany, Jan. 25, 2016. Exercise Allied Spirit includes more than 2,400 participants from seven NATO nations, and exercises tactical interoperability and tests secure communications within Alliance members and partner nations. (U.S. Army photo by Staff Sgt. Eddie Siguenza/Not Reviewed)

attle Group Poland and 15th Mechanized Brigade conduct a Road March with U.S., U.K. and Polish tactical vehicles from Bemowo Piskie Training Area to the Sulwalki Gap and then to the Polish Lithuanian border June 18. The multinational formation will be performing wet gap crossings in Lithuanian as part of the joint training exercise Iron Wolf which is held in conjunction with Saber Strike 17. The exercises include integrated and synchronized deterrence-oriented training designed to improve interoperability and readiness of the militaries of the 20 participating nations throughout the Baltic region and Poland.

A U.S. Army Paratrooper assigned to Special Operations Command Europe packs her parachute after landing in a designated drop zone in Germany March 11, 2020. Monthly jumps at SOCEUR are designed to assess the readiness of paratroopers, maintain currency and to promote interoperability with participating allies and partner nations. (U.S. Army photo by Sgt. Monique O’Neill)

Two Soldiers from the Netherlands are following the Convoy.

Exercise Allied Spirit includes more than 2,000 participants from Canada, Hungary, the Netherlands, United Kingdom, and United States. Allied Spirit is exercising tactical interoperability and testing secure communications within Alliance members.

(NATO Photo by Sgt. 1st Class Stefan Hass - DEUA)

A British soldier is mapping the current position of the enemy.

Exercise Allied Spirit includes more than 2,000 participants from Canada, Hungary, the Netherlands, United Kingdom, and United States. Allied Spirit is exercising tactical interoperability and testing secure communications within Alliance members.

(NATO Photo by Sgt. 1st Class Stefan Hass - DEUA)

Visitors from various nations visit the 4th Battalion, 319th Airborne Field Artillery Regiment, 173rd Airborne Brigade’s technical operations center during the 7th Army Joint Multinational Training Command's Distinguished Visitors Day for Exercise Allied Spirit IV at Hohenfels Training Area, Germany, Jan. 27, 2016. The Allied Spirit IV Exercise focuses on unified land operations and enhancing fires interoperability and integration of NATO Allies. (U.S. Army photo by Visual Information Specialist Gertrud Zach/releasesd)