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The Thirty-First Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from March 17 to March 21, 2014.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
The Thirty-First Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from March 17 to March 21, 2014.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
The Twenty-ninth Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from May 27 to May 31, 2013.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
Silverton:
The first indication of silver–lead mineralisation in the Barrier Rangers came in late 1875 with the discovery of galena by Julius Charles Nickel and Dan McLean while they were well sinking on Thackaringa Station, near the South Australian - New South Wales border.
In 1879 John Stokie established a store at Umberumberka, 19 km north of Thackaringa. He continued prospecting and discovered silver–lead veins nearby, which he pegged with Edward Pegler in November 1881. A 100 ton parcel of ore was shipped to England for a 40% profit. The following October the Umberumberka Silver Lead Mining Company Ltd was floated with nominal capital of £20 000. Umberumberka was the second area of silver–lead mineralisation discovered in the Barrier Ranges and the new company was the first to be publicly floated. The town of Silverton soon developed close to the mine and became the main settlement of the growing silver field.
Silverton was surveyed in 1883, by which time Australia had a population of 2, 250, 194. By September that year, the population of Silverton was 250, and by December 1883 it had doubled. That year the Day Dream Mine opened and attracted an additional population of 400 - 500 people. In 1884 1,222 mineral leases, 937 business permits and 114 miners' rights were issued. That same year 6,000 tonnes of ore were extracted and the town acquired its own newspaper, the Silver Age.
By 1885 - 1886 the town's population had reached 3,000. Silverton was proclaimed a township in 1885 and a municipality the following year. In 1885 a short-lived smelter was established at Day Dream Mine, operating for only a year. In 1892 the Umberumberka Mine closed, followed by the Day Dream Mine. The Pioneer Mine at Thackaringa closed in 1897. By 1901, after miners had moved to the richer fields at Broken Hill, the town went into decline and only 286 people remained. Today the town has a population of around 50 people, most of whom work in tourism.
The Silverton Tramway Company:
The Silverton Tramway Company, a rare private railway of 50klms in length, was incorporated in New South Wales October 14, 1886 and the line was completed and opened for traffic on January 12, 1888. One of only two privately owned railways in the state, the tramway was originally founded to transport ore from local mines in the Broken Hill and Silverton region into South Australia. The company soon branched out, not only carrying ore from the mines but freighted other goods and offered a passenger service which accounted for a third of their business.
The company serviced travellers on long trips heading interstate to Semaphore (Adelaide) to the Largs Bay Holiday Camp and excursions for local community groups often conveying passengers to Silverton and McCulloch Park (at Stephens Creek) for the day and returning to Broken Hill in the afternoon. When traveling to South Australia the train would travel from Broken Hill, through Silverton and then to Burns which is on the New South Wales side of the border of Cockburn (a town divided by the NSW/SA border).
In 1927 the New South Wales government completed the railway from Sydney to Broken Hill, thus joining the Silverton Tramway and completing the link from Sydney to Adelaide. It played a strategic role in the trans-Australia network until 1970, when it was surpassed by the New South Wales Government Railways (Indian-Pacific). From 1888-1970 it was critical to the economic functioning of Broken Hill, by providing the key transport of ore to the Port Pirie smelters. It played a significant role in the politics and recreation of Broken Hill, and a crucial role at times of water shortage in Broken Hill.
Today, Silverton resides in the Unincorporated Area of New South Wales (NSW) and so does not feature a City Council. It is run by the Silverton Village Committee, who to this day hold their quarterly meetings in the Silverton Municipal Chambers.
Source: Silverton NSW (www.aussietowns.com.au/town/silverton-nsw), New South Wales Heritage Register & Discover Broken Hill (discoverbrokenhill.com.au/silverton-nsw/historic-building...), "The pathway to Broken Hill: Early discoveries in the Barrier Ranges, New South Wales, Australia" by Kenneth George McQueen, and 'Aplin, Graeme; S.G. Foster; Michael McKernan, eds. (1987). Australians: Events and Places. Broadway, New South Wales, Australia: Fairfax, Syme & Weldon Associates. p. 97'
The Thirty-Fifth Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from April 25 to April 27, 2016.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
If a Google image search is any indication (and it might not be at all), Bowman Gum Inc. were more concerned with packaging baseball, football, and basketball cards with their gum, rather than cards with Hollywood starlets. I was sort of hoping that Mona Freeman had an interesting Hollywood (rise and fall and rise?) story behind her. No such drama. Nothing that I can find anyway... although I did find this picture of her in a swimsuit eating a giant ice cream cone. ...
The IMDB provided her resume, of course. Her most famous credit was "The Heiress" in 1949, which won four of the eight Academy Awards for which it was nominated. It was directed by William Wyler, who directed "Ben Hur" and "Roman Holiday" Ms. Freeman's last professional acting gig was in 1972, in the TV movie "Welcome Home, Johnny Bristol", (starring Martin Landau and Martin Sheen) when she was 46. She married Los Angeles businessman Jack Ellis and he adopted her daughter from a prior marriage. He died in 1992. She died in 2014.
Silverton:
The first indication of silver–lead mineralisation in the Barrier Rangers came in late 1875 with the discovery of galena by Julius Charles Nickel and Dan McLean while they were well sinking on Thackaringa Station, near the South Australian - New South Wales border.
In 1879 John Stokie established a store at Umberumberka, 19 km north of Thackaringa. He continued prospecting and discovered silver–lead veins nearby, which he pegged with Edward Pegler in November 1881. A 100 ton parcel of ore was shipped to England for a 40% profit. The following October the Umberumberka Silver Lead Mining Company Ltd was floated with nominal capital of £20 000. Umberumberka was the second area of silver–lead mineralisation discovered in the Barrier Ranges and the new company was the first to be publicly floated. The town of Silverton soon developed close to the mine and became the main settlement of the growing silver field.
Silverton was surveyed in 1883, by which time Australia had a population of 2, 250, 194. By September that year, the population of Silverton was 250, and by December 1883 it had doubled. That year the Day Dream Mine opened and attracted an additional population of 400 - 500 people. In 1884 1,222 mineral leases, 937 business permits and 114 miners' rights were issued. That same year 6,000 tonnes of ore were extracted and the town acquired its own newspaper, the Silver Age.
By 1885 - 1886 the town's population had reached 3,000. Silverton was proclaimed a township in 1885 and a municipality the following year. In 1885 a short-lived smelter was established at Day Dream Mine, operating for only a year. In 1892 the Umberumberka Mine closed, followed by the Day Dream Mine. The Pioneer Mine at Thackaringa closed in 1897. By 1901, after miners had moved to the richer fields at Broken Hill, the town went into decline and only 286 people remained. Today the town has a population of around 50 people, most of whom work in tourism.
The Silverton Tramway Company:
The Silverton Tramway Company, a rare private railway of 50klms in length, was incorporated in New South Wales October 14, 1886 and the line was completed and opened for traffic on January 12, 1888. One of only two privately owned railways in the state, the tramway was originally founded to transport ore from local mines in the Broken Hill and Silverton region into South Australia. The company soon branched out, not only carrying ore from the mines but freighted other goods and offered a passenger service which accounted for a third of their business.
The company serviced travellers on long trips heading interstate to Semaphore (Adelaide) to the Largs Bay Holiday Camp and excursions for local community groups often conveying passengers to Silverton and McCulloch Park (at Stephens Creek) for the day and returning to Broken Hill in the afternoon. When traveling to South Australia the train would travel from Broken Hill, through Silverton and then to Burns which is on the New South Wales side of the border of Cockburn (a town divided by the NSW/SA border).
In 1927 the New South Wales government completed the railway from Sydney to Broken Hill, thus joining the Silverton Tramway and completing the link from Sydney to Adelaide. It played a strategic role in the trans-Australia network until 1970, when it was surpassed by the New South Wales Government Railways (Indian-Pacific). From 1888-1970 it was critical to the economic functioning of Broken Hill, by providing the key transport of ore to the Port Pirie smelters. It played a significant role in the politics and recreation of Broken Hill, and a crucial role at times of water shortage in Broken Hill.
Today, Silverton resides in the Unincorporated Area of New South Wales (NSW) and so does not feature a City Council. It is run by the Silverton Village Committee, who to this day hold their quarterly meetings in the Silverton Municipal Chambers.
Source: Silverton NSW (www.aussietowns.com.au/town/silverton-nsw), New South Wales Heritage Register & Discover Broken Hill (discoverbrokenhill.com.au/silverton-nsw/historic-building...), "The pathway to Broken Hill: Early discoveries in the Barrier Ranges, New South Wales, Australia" by Kenneth George McQueen, and 'Aplin, Graeme; S.G. Foster; Michael McKernan, eds. (1987). Australians: Events and Places. Broadway, New South Wales, Australia: Fairfax, Syme & Weldon Associates. p. 97'
The weather we are having feels extreme, but I don't know that it is an indication of climate change. It is hard to say just which moment is the tipping point. But this summer sure was brutal around here. I went down to Atlanta for a family matter and when I got back, the northeast was in the midst of a heat wave that would have done Phoenix proud. It was about five thirty in the afternoon when I landed at White Plains and when I got off the plane, it felt like I had opened the door to the oven to check how the cookies were browning. Yipes.
It was a one-two punch, what with the drought and all. The grass got crispy. Trees started to die. And at work, the traps I was monitoring were often pretty empty. I was working all over the state and it was bad. The entomologists all said it was the worst collecting year they'd ever seen. The weren't making wild claims. Scientists are cautious like that. If a bunch of them do tell you there is something to be worried about and you choose to ignore them, you are a fool. If you choose to ignore them based on what somebody who has a profit-based stake in the situation says, or what some mean and vain media pundit says, you are even more of a fool, you are being aggressively ignorant. You are sticking your fingers in your ears and going LA LA LA I CAN'T HEAR YOU at the very people who spend their lives carefully and thoughtfully and deliberately studying these issues. There's a hefty dose of narcissism in choosing your side based on noise and greed and ignoring the serious researchers. It's a matter of, I will ignore the data in order to get the answer I want. There's something terribly out of balance about only listening to a few cherry-picked "experts" who are not respected in their fields and who are probably cashing big fat checks from dubious sources.
All of it is out of balance. It's out of balance as all hell. But this weather, the ice and snow this winter, the heat wave this summer, the extremes we have noticed world wide, it's hard to say just where the tipping point is. Where do conditions shift from being outliers to trend? That's a matter for the statisticians. And like all statistics, there are plenty of different ways to analyze. We're all blind men feeling up the same elephant.
So this summer, in the heat, I didn't see as many or any of some of the species or even genera of my beloved bees. There were the honeybees, the ones you all fret about. There were bumblebees, big and fuzzy and sturdy. But plenty of the four-hundred odd other species that fly around these parts were scarce or absent. I don't think I saw a single Coelioxys the whole damn summer. I imagine they were out there, just greatly reduced. But what with development and stupid suburban sprawl everywhere, the habitat many organisms rely on is greatly reduced. So I think what you get are small pockets of diversity, with small populations of animals hanging on as best they can amidst the McMansions and the ecological wastelands that are lawns. (God I HATE lawns. If you must have one, at least do not dump weed killer or pesticide on it. At least let it be a diversity of plants, including those things you chose to call weeds. Don't grow a stupid monoculture to make a damn rug that is nothing but a display to your neighbors that you can conform and a sop to the real estate culture. Property values, property values. We chase after property values at the expense of every other kind of value...)
So you have these tiny populations of bees or whatever, and they are chugging along in that strip of land by the exit ramp, or the swamp behind the highschool. And then you get a bump in conditions and it is too hot or too cold at the wrong time. And the populations crash, just goddamn auger in like a test plane that should have never left the runway. And back before development, there would have been some pockets that would have had milder conditions, and you would have had a few individuals to survive and breed up the numbers again. Now you don't. Diversity tanks. Those of us who care and know and love nature weep.
The rest of humanity just watches Jersey Shore or goes to the mall or something. I don't know. I can't relate. Most people can't tell a bee from a wasp, let alone know that there are many kinds of bees. Most people think all insects are icky and would like to see them gone, never suspecting that if all the insects were gone, the humans would shortly follow them. We need them. We need the plants. It is not a matter of decoration. It is about survival. And people don't know it, can't seem to grasp it. LA LA LA, I'M NOT LISTENING. SHUT UP YOU ARE BRINGING ME DOWN, I WANT TO GO SHOPPING. LA LA LA.
I don't know how this happened. I don't know what goes on in the schools, in the homes. It seems out of balance to me. Or maybe it is me. Maybe I am out of balance. But I am listening. And while I still have some retinal surface, I will be watching. My eyes will be wide open. Even if we're going down, I don't want to miss a bit of it.
The Thirtieth Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from November 4 to November 8, 2013.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
The Thirtieth Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from November 4 to November 8, 2013.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
The Thirtieth Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from November 4 to November 8, 2013.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
The Thirty-First Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from March 17 to March 21, 2014.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
The Forty-Fifth Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from March 28 to March 30, 2022.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
The Thirtieth Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from November 4 to November 8, 2013.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
The Thirtieth Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from November 4 to November 8, 2013.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
The Thirty-First Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from March 17 to March 21, 2014.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
The Thirty-First Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from March 17 to March 21, 2014.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
The Twenty-ninth Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from May 27 to May 31, 2013.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
Nothing you can see by looking at him would give you any indication of how difficult it was to bring this little one into the world, and that is certainly something to be grateful for. In her two previous pregnancies, his mom (my oldest daughter) had a terrible time with what she thought was just "worse than normal" morning sickness. This time, however, she had a full on case of a disease none of us had even heard of: Hyperemesis Gravidarum (HG). Early in their pregnancy women with HG (and their doctors) may think they just have an unusually bad case of the normal morning sickness but it's actually a separate pregnancy related disorder the main symptom of which just happens to also be nausea (although far more extreme).
There is still little basic research done on HG by the medical and pharmaceutical professions. Recent studies suggest that it may be genetic (for example, a sister of someone who has had HG is more likely to also have it). There are probably at least two varieties of HG as many women get better on their own at about 17 weeks into the pregnancy while others, like my daughter, have it all the way through. It also varies in the severity of its symptoms, ranging from barely tolerable to fatal (it's likely the author Charlotte Brontë died from HG). It is described by some as feeling like you have food poisoning that never lets up, but to be clearer still how bad it can get you really just need to understand that it can lead a joyfully pregnant woman to the inconceivable choice of terminating the pregnancy in just a matter of weeks. In fact, as many as 30% of women with HG will end up choosing to end the pregnancy. First person accounts of how devastating HG is are often times simply heartbreaking.
When my daughter was finally diagnosed with HG and then finally referred to a doctor who actually knew what it was and how to treat it, she was vomiting more than 20 times a day, could not eat or drink anything and was out of good veins through which IV fluids could be given to rehydrate her. Once she was seen by the right doctor, she was given a PICC line (sort of a "permanent" IV line except it is inserted into an artery with the outlet positioned close to the heart) and started receiving TPN (nutrition via the PICC line). She eventually was given a variety of anti-nausea drugs normally used for cancer patients and, towards the end, steroids which help with the nausea but also with the baby's lung development in preparation for an early, induced labor. Her nausea never improved substantially although it became more bearable ("like stomach flu as opposed to food poisoning"). She hung in for as long as she could and was finally induced 3 weeks early.
I've not written the above only to serve as a testament to my daughter and what she went through (and is still recovering from) but in hopes that someone reading this will remember it should anyone they know seem well beyond the normal morning sickness early in her pregnancy. As much as I would like it to be otherwise, doctors—including OB/GYNs—are in general terribly ill-informed about HG. It seems almost purely a matter of luck that a woman with HG will be correctly diagnosed to begin with, but it is even rarer that she get a doctor who will actually treat it.
To give you an idea of how backwards the medical profession is in regards to HG, there are women (and we're talking this century here) who have been committed to psychiatric hospitals because their HG is seen as a psychosomatic response to an unwanted pregnancy rather than the physical disorder that it is. It is also not at all uncommon for women to be denied proper treatment for HG but offered an abortion, instead. One woman my daughter spoke with recently was denied the PICC line/TPN treatment by her medical provider and told she could either wait to see if the nausea would get better on its own or terminate the pregnancy. There seems to be little regard for the psychological trauma such a choice will inflict on a woman who desperately wants her child but is unable to endure what HG is doing to her. It also disregards the fact that the next time she gets pregnant the symptoms are most likely to be worse.
It is important for a woman with HG to be correctly diagnosed and treated as soon as possible — severe dehydration and malnutrition caused by days and weeks of nausea and vomiting quickly exacerbate things. It is also important that she and her family not expect their family doctor or even her OB/GYN to know much about HG or how to treat it. Sadly, it will fall on both her and her family to "educate the medical professionals" she deals with and she will most likely need well-informed family members standing by her before she finally gets the care she needs. To learn more, please see the Help HER web site.
The Twenty-ninth Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from May 27 to May 31, 2013.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
This is a project that I am currently working on.
I feel that today's society is becoming increasingly obsessed with privacy laws, freedom from media and surveillance - a notion explored in the exhibition "Exposed" at the Tate - with reality T.V shows such as Louis Theroux's documentaries giving the viewer a more intimate experience to the subjects by using unscripted social interaction. With this project I aimed to confront these issues and implications through the theme of 'voyeurism'.
The title for this project is appropriated from the poem 'Porphyria's Lover' by Robert Browning; a dramatic monologue in which the speaker describes a scene where he is waiting for his lover to return. When she enters, she explains how she has momentarily overcome societal strictures to be with him. However, realising that she will eventually give in to societies pressures, and wanting to preserve this moment of her worshiping him, he slowly wraps her hair around her neck and strangles her.
This timeless quality is also evident in Craig Horsfield's 'Hernando Gomez', where the sitter's gaze extend's beyond the the picture frame into the unknown, which "disrupts the sense of time and pulls the viewer beneath the ephemeral moment into 'slow time' ". Here the past and present coexist. Similarly, I aim to create the appearance of voyeurism through the subject's despondent facial expression, allowing the viewer to observe from the voyeur's perspective. Along the bottom of this image, I have experimented with the notion that the digital world has become increasingly intrusive, referring the surveillance cameras, and that there's always someone watching you. Here I have used multiple flash photography self-portraits to produce a second faint image of the subject. I created this by using my phone light as opposed to the bright light of the first flash. The result is somewhat ominous and gives the appearance of someone looking over their shoulder. Along the top row I have explored the theme by photographing my friend in various intimate scenarios from secret vantage points.
Mechanical and industrial imagery is also featured in Justin Mortimer's work, and I am intrigued by his bright and acidic colour palette. I aimed to use a similar coloration in my above preparatory drawing, and feel it pierces through the foreground in an intrusive manner, reflecting the voyeuristic theme. In addition, I was influenced by the abstraction in his work. With this collage, I built up layers of coloured paper, and ripped through the layers to create a rough indication of the subject in their surroundings. As I corrected the drawing over this, it became disjointed against the the initial abstract shapes in the background, creating confusion and ambiguity.
For the final outcome to this project, I intend to create a series of multiple images in a variety of media, including painting, photography and prints to adhere to the obsessive nature of voyeurism.
The Embassy of Italy promotes Geographical Indications and Denominations of Protected Origin on the American market (Washington DC - December 16, 2019).
The Thirty-Fifth Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from April 25 to April 27, 2016.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
The Thirtieth Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from November 4 to November 8, 2013.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
The Thirty-Second Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from November 24 to November 26, 2014.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
The Thirty-First Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from March 17 to March 21, 2014.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
The Twenty-ninth Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from May 27 to May 31, 2013.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
The Thirty-First Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from March 17 to March 21, 2014.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
The Thirtieth Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from November 4 to November 8, 2013.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
The Thirty-First Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from March 17 to March 21, 2014.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
The Twenty-ninth Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from May 27 to May 31, 2013.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
The Twenty-ninth Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from May 27 to May 31, 2013.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
Indoor Air Quality Testing in the Los Angeles Region
a-1certifiedenvironmentalservices.com/indoor-air-quality-...
Signs you May Well Require Home or Business Indoor Air Quality Testing
Sights and smells are generally a certain indication that you need indoor air quality testing. Both forms of air impurities include fumes and airborne air particles, whose sizes range from undetectable to clearly noticeable. Discovering coatings of dirt on areas or an oily grime should indicate that it's time to research the causes. Problems about headaches, breathing, or flu-like symptoms are one more sign there's something amiss with the environment.
Resting, a grownup human makes use of 2,905 gallons of air per day. Particulate pollutants gather within the lungs and dangerous gases may travel through the blood stream to the whole body. The most frequent offenders in both home and commercial configurations in the LA area have volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that can come from chemical substances present in making and cleaning processes, in addition to goods used every trip to home.
Choosing steps to reduce the pollution in the atmosphere stimulates better health is the goal of indoor air quality testing for commercial property and private households. Climate has fewer harmful gases and particles inside it, which reduces contact with unsafe chemicals. Indoor air quality testing in the home may produce comparable outcomes, although the type and selection of contaminants could be different.
Why It's So Important
The unwanted effects of unhealthy quality of air range from minor to serious. In the extreme, VOCs cause longterm nerve and liver damage and tumors. Prolonged experience of air-borne air particles can trigger cardiovascular disease, lung cancers, chronic bronchitis, or COPD. Exposure to carbon monoxide, even at low amounts for extended durations, may harm unborn babies, harm heart muscles, and donate to delayed neurological damage.
Making Changes after Evaluation
After the last results of home air quality testing keep coming back, people usually takes steps to improve it by finding healthier products and solutions and increasing filtration and circulation. The test outcomes from industrial indoor air quality screening may be similar and necessitate the comparable mitigation systems, though on a more substantial scale.
Bottom Line
Toxins are normal in the indoor environment and the air. An air quality test helps you prevent the trouble associated with short and long term exposure. Knowing what they're, you can put a well-planned strategy in destination for a systematically lower your contact.
The New South Wales Fires Service says there is no indication that smoke from a factory fire in Sydney's south-west overnight poses a health risk. The fire, that destroyed a factory and warehouse containing cork gaskets, has left a smoky plume over many parts of Sydney.
A spokesman for the NSW Fire Service, Mark Brown, says a large number of calls have been received from people complaining of a burning smell and smoke.
He says there is no indication that the smoke is a threat to health.
"We've had hazardous materials response personnel on scene monitoring the smoke, and I just think that at this stage it might be just some unusual wind conditions that have taken that smell across Sydney," he said.
"We don't have any evidence yet that there's any adverse health effects."
It is believed the building may have contained asbestos.
An investigation is underway into the cause of a fire, which has gutted a gasket factory at Revesby in Sydney’s south-west.
Police from Bankstown Local Area Command, NSW Fire Brigade crews and ambulance personnel attended the Marigold Place complex about midnight after reports of a large blaze.
A perimeter was established as fire crews worked to stop the flames spreading to adjoining buildings, including a petrol station.
Traffic diversions have been put in place around the scene as the fire-fighting operation continues. Marigold Street has been closed between Gordon Parker Drive and Beaconsfield Street, while Beaconsfield Street is closed between Horsley Road and Queen Street. Local diversions will remain in place until about 10am today.
Specialist police from the Crime Scene Section and Forensic Services Group will examine the scene when it is deemed safe; however, the fire is being treated as suspicious.
It’s believed an internal alarm was activated inside the factory before the fire started.
Photos by Martin Grant
The Thirtieth Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from November 4 to November 8, 2013.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
The Thirty-First Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from March 17 to March 21, 2014.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
The Twenty-ninth Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from May 27 to May 31, 2013.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
The Twenty-ninth Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from May 27 to May 31, 2013.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
The Thirty-Second Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from November 24 to November 26, 2014.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
The Thirty-Second Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from November 24 to November 26, 2014.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
The Thirtieth Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from November 4 to November 8, 2013.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
With all indications looking as if this was a cancelled service as the working set off 205 minutes late from the British Steel Corporation's GBRf sidings at Scunthorpe, but then reached 250 late by the time it had got to the Doncaster area after which it picked up a bit of time but still arrived at its destination in the Honeybourne area, 166 minutes late; I have no indication why it was so late setting off. This is the smartly turned out pair of Colas Rail class 56, 'Grids' again, the second set seen this time hauling a brightly coloured set of 'Departmental' wagons the 1st of which looks like a Network Rail curtained window portacabin followed by what looks lie a new crane and other newish looking 'tackle'. This is the late running 6X56, Scunthorpe B.S.C. to Long Marston working with 56302 in charge and 56087 behind it on the is short consist. 56302 has a small commemorative nameplate on the side with 'PECO' prominent at the top, 'Peco - The Railway Modeller 2016 70 Years' and 56302's 'undercarriage' looks in better shape than the one on the unit behind. Towering over the proceedings at top left is St. Thomas Church, Kilnhurst, with its bright blue pit-head wheel in its garden, overlooking the railway, as a commemoration to the miners of Kilnhurst Colliery - '1858 - 1989, They Shall Not be Forgotten', the large blue-painted pit-head gear wheels surmounting the memorial stone, see-
www.flickr.com/photos/daohaiku/5164301702/
Having made the effort to grab this shot and with the set very late, the working made headway straight past on its almost 7 hour journey down to Long Marston and time to grab a quick 'going away' shot, without that damned pipe across the tracks, in the way!
The Forty-Fifth Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from March 28 to March 30, 2022.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
This working had 3 schedules for this day with the indication was that it was a DBS locomotive with aggregates running up and down from Leeds Holbeck, through Rotherham Central and along the Lower Don Valley to Woodburn Junction for reversal. The 1st schedule didn't take place and when the 2nd was activated, seemingly running in the schedule for the 1st, 242 minutes late, at 3pm, the working details had changed from a DBS aggregates train to a VolkerRail with 715 tonnes timing load and, as can be seen from this 1st picture, the weight was a bit OTT for a single Track Machine scooting up and down from Leeds to Woodburn. Not sure whether this was a driver familiarisation run, it ran the following day as well, getting prepared for the track work which will be required as the Tram/Train system nears completion. The timetable for the cancelled early service showed the 242 minutes late at Hunslet Station then nothing else whereas the changed 2nd service was full of 'No Reports' for the whole of the time-table until reaching Aldwarke where it arrived 40 early and this was on the the 2nd pass north on its way back to Holbeck; it having done local reversals at at Aldwarke and Woodburn Junction; so, not complicated at all...These shots capture it on its 1st round trip, the panorama seen here, at Templeborough, with Firth-Rixon standing prominently on the right, was at 15:10 and the Track Machine DR75302 is seen heading south along the newly re-ballasted tracks where the Tram/Train is to run through, the TM heading for its 1st reversal at Woodburn Junction. This is the 6J37 Leeds Holbeck Loco Sidings via Rotherham Central to Holbeck Loco Sidings, with 2 reversals at Woodburn Junction and Aldwarke. In the background, land sold off by Firth-Rixon after the demolition of that part of the works in June 2011. The new Templeborough Biomass works is starting to look impressive and they recently replaced the old blue single track road/foot bridge, which was used by my father during his almost 40 years working at Steel Peach & Tozer. that bridge has now been replaced by a much more substantial silver part looking as if if means business. The overhead gantries are up in preparation for stringing the 600VDC cables to operate the Tram/Train when it comes along the old GC line here heading to and from Meadowhall and Parkgate. DR75302, VolkerRail Matisa is a named unit, 'Gary Wright', named after the singer possibly, though no idea why? and the unit is passing the Bessemer Way Industrial area on the left with Toyoda-Gosei (Rubber, plastic, and urethane products for transportation equipment such as automobiles and carrier vehicles), now occupying old Steel-works related land on the left, can be seen poking out of the top of the trees, and beyond that on the left, 'Newburgh Precision Ltd', a precision engineering concern which reflects more of what used to go on in the area around the Iron & Steel works at Templeborough, the building looking very 'hi-tech' and modern; the firm appears to have a very mature attitude to both its workforce and waste management.
The Postcard
A postally unused postcard that was published by Jerome, although there are no indications as to the location of the photograph or the identity of the girl.
The divided back has been hand-stamped with the date 29th. November 1932.
A Non-Aggression Pact
So what else happened on Tuesday the 29th. November 1932?
Well, on that day the Soviet Union and France signed a non-aggression pact.
Gay Divorce
Also on that day, the Cole Porter musical 'Gay Divorce' made its Broadway debut at the Ethel Barrymore Theatre in NYC.
Jacques Chirac
The 29th. November 1932 also marked the birth in Paris of Jacques Chirac, President of France.
(a) Chirac's Conviction for Corruption
Chirac has been named in several cases of alleged corruption that occurred during his term as mayor, some of which have led to felony convictions of some politicians and aides. However, a controversial judicial decision in 1999 granted Chirac immunity while he was president of France.
Chirac refused to testify on these matters, arguing that it would be incompatible with his presidential functions.
Investigations concerning the running of Paris's City Hall, the number of whose municipal employees increased by 25% from 1977 to 1995 (with 2,000 out of approximately 35,000 coming from the Corrèze region where Chirac had held his seat as deputy), as well as a lack of financial transparency and the communal debt, were thwarted by the legal impossibility of questioning him as president.
The conditions of the privatisation of the Parisian water system acquired very cheaply by the Compagnie Générale des Eaux and the Lyonnaise des Eaux, then directed by Jérôme Monod, a close friend of Chirac, were also criticised.
Furthermore, the satirical newspaper Le Canard Enchaîné revealed the astronomical "food expenses" paid by the Parisian municipality (€15 million a year according to the Canard). These expenses were managed by Roger Romani, who allegedly destroyed all archives of the period 1978–93 during night raids in 1999–2000.
Thousands of people were invited each year to receptions in the Paris City Hall, while many political, media and artistic personalities were hosted in private flats owned by the city.
Chirac's immunity from prosecution ended in May 2007, when he left office as president. In November 2007, a preliminary charge of misuse of public funds was filed against him. Chirac is said to be the first former French head of state to be formally placed under investigation for a crime.
On the 30th. October 2009, a judge ordered Chirac to stand trial on embezzlement charges, dating back to his time as mayor of Paris.
On the 7th. March 2011, Chirac went on trial on charges of diverting public funds, accused of giving fictional city jobs to twenty-eight activists from his political party while serving as the mayor of Paris (1977–95).
Along with Chirac, nine others stood trial in two separate cases, one dealing with fictional jobs for 21 people and the other with jobs for the remaining seven. The President of the Union for a Popular Movement, who later served as France's Minister of Foreign Affairs, Alain Juppé, was sentenced to a 14-month suspended prison sentence for the same case in 2004.
On the 15th. December 2011, Chirac was found guilty and given a suspended sentence of two years. He was convicted of diverting public funds, abuse of trust and illegal conflict of interest. The suspended sentence took into account his age, health, and status as a former head of state. It meant that he did not have to go to prison. He did not attend his trial, since medical doctors deemed that neurological problems had damaged his memory. His defence team decided not to appeal.
(b) The Death of Jacques Chirac
Chirac died at his home in Paris on the 26th. September 2019, surrounded by his family. He was 86 years of age when he died.
A requiem mass was held at Saint-Sulpice on the 30th. September 2019, celebrated by Michel Aupetit, Archbishop of Paris, and attended by representatives from about 175 countries, included 69 past and present heads of state, government and international organizations.
Notable names included Jean-Claude Juncker, Vladimir Putin, Tony Blair, and Bill Clinton.
The day was declared a national day of mourning in France, and a minute of silence was held nationwide at 15:00. Following the public ceremony, Chirac was buried at the Montparnasse Cemetery with only his closest family in attendance.
Andorra announced three days of national mourning, and Lebanon declared the day of the ex-president's funeral to be a national day of mourning.
www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/what-to-know-as-taiwan-accus...
What to know as Taiwan accuses China of practicing for an invasion
Taiwan's government warned Tuesday that China's ongoing military exercises around its shores were not only a rehearsal for an invasion of the tiny, self-governing island, but an indication that Beijing intends to take control of huge swaths of the western Pacific. The warning came as Taiwan's military conducted its own exercises, clearly intended to show readiness to defend against any Chinese invasion.
China considers Taiwan its own territory, and President Xi Jinping has made it clear that he intends to exert control over the island, by force if necessary.
His regime was infuriated by U.S. House Speaker Nancy Pelosi's visit to Taiwan earlier this month, which Beijing considered a direct challenge to China's claim over the island. Beijing immediately launched the dramatic war games around Taiwan in response, in addition to ending a number of cooperation agreements with the U.S. on everything from defense to the environment.
China has flown warplanes across the sea boundary that separates Chinese and Taiwanese waters daily during the drills, and it has also launched missiles into the waters surrounding the island.
"China has used the drills in its military playbook to prepare for the invasion of Taiwan," the island's foreign minister, Joseph Wu, said Tuesday. "China's real intention is to alter the status quo in the Taiwan Strait and entire region."
Here are a few essentials to understand about the ongoing military exercises, and both sides' capabilities.
What are China's military exercises off Taiwan intended to show?
China's military drills — unprecedented in scale and intensity — have sought to surround the democratic, self-governing island with six active zones. In doing so, China has demonstrated an ability to, and practiced, cutting off access to the Taiwan Strait that separates the island from the Chinese mainland. It has severely restricted access to Taiwan's major ports in the process.
The exercises show China's military operating in areas that would allow it to attack Taiwan's primary military bases, and effectively prevent escape from the island by sea.
The U.S. Defense Department says it still believes China will not launch an invasion of Taiwan in the next two years. But China's prolonged show of force is seen not only as a way of practicing for a blockade and invasion, but also as an attempt to normalize Chinese aggression in the Taiwan Strait.
How does Taiwan's military compare to China's? Can it defend itself?
Taiwan has fewer than 200,000 active-duty military personnel compared to China's 2 million. Taiwan's compulsory military duty — for men only — is just four months, arguably too short to prepare soldiers for active combat.
Taiwan has about a fifth as many combat aircraft as China, and most of its fighter jets are dated.
War simulations by U.S. experts predict that if the U.S. were to help defend Taiwan from a hypothetical Chinese attack, the island could successfully resist invasion. But the damage to Taiwan, physically and economically — not to mention the cost to U.S. forces — would be enormous.
President Biden has said the U.S. would intervene military to defend Taiwan if China were to attempt an invasion. (NOTE: the White House immediately clarified Biden's statement saying the U.S. position has not changed.)
If the war games continue, could it impact global trade?
Despite China's indefinite extension of its military exercises this week, shipping in the Taiwan Strait — one of the busiest shipping and air routes in the Asia Pacific region — appeared to be returning to normal on Tuesday after some disruptions.
But we're seeing Chinese aggression playing out in non-military ways, too.
Japan's Nikkei newspaper reported that Apple had asked its parts suppliers to stop using "Made in Taiwan" labels on shipments bound for China, and to start labeling components as being made in "Taiwan, China," or "Chinese Taipei."
This week, Taiwan has held what it called regularly scheduled defensive drills, firing artillery out to sea. The exercise was carried out by hundreds of troops and involved several dozen howitzer artillery pieces.
www.globaltimes.cn/page/202208/1272617.shtml
China, US face 'high risks of miscalculations, crisis' with US' possible more provocative moves over Taiwan amid Biden's 'buck-passing' remarks
The Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) continued its open and transparent military exercises around the island of Taiwan on Tuesday, after US President Joe Biden's "buck-passing" comments that he was concerned about China's military drills. Chinese analysts said the Biden administration has dodged the root cause for the escalated tensions in the Taiwan Straits and does not consider thoroughly the consequences of its reckless moves, which is the most fatal flaw in Biden's China policy.
Chinese analysts warned that cross-Straits and China-US relations face growing uncertainty and instability with possible more radical moves by the US in supporting Taiwan secessionist forces through more arms sales and military training, as well as inciting more Western politicians to visit the island. China and the US are facing high risks of miscalculation and even crisis since multiple bilateral communication channels have been canceled.
As for US military's possible move to send warships through the Taiwan Straits, Chinese analysts said that it was more of a "symbolic and cheap" move to pacify American politicians, Taiwan secessionists and anti-China forces who feel upset since the US military has not taken any practical moves over China's countermeasures, but the PLA has fully prepared no matter how the US will flex its muscles.
On Monday, Biden in his first public comments on the Taiwan question since Pelosi's visit claimed that he was not worried about Taiwan but was concerned about China's military exercises.
"I'm concerned they are moving as much as they are," Biden told reporters in Delaware. "But I don't think they're going to do anything more than they are," Reuters reported.
CNBC said Biden's remarks reflect a broader opinion within the Biden administration that Beijing does not intend to "invade Taiwan," "at least not in the near term."
This was echoed by US Under Secretary of Defense for Policy Colin Kahl who said the US still believed it was unlikely "China would try retake Taiwan militarily in the next few years," according to Reuters.
Yang Xiyu, a senior fellow with the China Institute of International Studies, told the Global Times that Biden has deliberately criticized China's moves but avoided talking about what triggered them.
Following the Biden administration's frequent buck-passing tricks, Chinese Vice Foreign Minister Ma Zhaoxu said on Tuesday that the US should shoulder its international responsibility and obligations, and not make excuses for its mistakes.
And the so-called broader opinion within the Biden administration that China may not solve the Taiwan question with force in next few years indicates that the US may not plan to challenge China's sovereignty through dangerous moves in the near future, at least not before Biden's first term ends in 2024, as the Biden administration knows clearly that whether the PLA will be forced to take action is directly related to whether the US will stir up tension in the Taiwan Straits, Yang said.
However, several Chinese analysts believe that the US will not drop its Taiwan card, instead it will create more crises by supporting Taiwan secessionist forces militarily and politically.
Yang said China and the US will face more confrontations over the Taiwan question, and the US is likely to speed up arms sales to the Taiwan authorities and enhance military training and intelligence sharing with Taiwan military.
"The US is moving its tools used in Ukraine since 2014 to the island of Taiwan to push forward its false claim of 'today's Ukraine is tomorrow's Taiwan,'" Yang said.
The US has also publicly smeared China's moves in the Taiwan Straits and compared it with Russia's military operation against Ukraine. In response, Ma said on Tuesday that the US' claim has ulterior motives, and the Taiwan question is completely China's internal affair and different from the Ukraine issue. He said the US has a habit of stirring things up.
Analysts said China-US relations have entered a dangerously unstable period with risks of miscalculations and crises running high.
A Beijing-based foreign affairs expert who requested anonymity told the Global Times that the US will take more risky moves for sure on its China policy, but neither Biden nor Congress thought thoroughly about the consequences, and this is the most fatal flaw for Biden's China policy.
He said with the US moving further on the dangerous path over the Taiwan question, the international community will be more deeply aware that the one-China principle is the international consensus and the cornerstone of the stability of the global order. If it is undermined, the global order will be in a state of crisis, he said.
Drills continue
The PLA Eastern Theater Command continued its realistic combat-oriented joint exercises in the sea and air space around the island of Taiwan on Tuesday, with the focus being joint blockades and joint support operations, the PLA Eastern Theater Command announced on the day.
The Navy sent destroyers and frigates, and the Air Force sent early warning aircraft, fighter jets, aerial tankers and electronic warfare aircraft for the drills, focusing on maintaining air superiority, aerial refueling and maritime support and honing the capabilities of joint blockade under complex electromagnetic environment, the PLA Eastern Theater Command said.
J-16 fighter jets and a YU-20 aerial tanker were seen in a video released by the PLA Eastern Theater Command.
From day one to Tuesday, the PLA has practiced capabilities like land-based, sea-based and air-based long-range precision strikes as well as seizing air superiority and control of the sea including air combat, sea assault and anti-submarine warfare. With the drills around Taiwan expected to become routine, experts reached by the Global Times believe the PLA to practice and hone more of its capabilities, including those involving amphibious landing and aircraft carriers.
The Type 075 amphibious assault ship Guangxi attached to the PLA Eastern Theater Command Navy recently carried out a number of training exercises including integration with helicopters, maneuvering in formation and replenishment at sea across multiple sea regions, the PLA East Sea Fleet announced on Monday in a press release.
Amphibious landing forces like the Type 075 amphibious assault ship and the Type 071 amphibious landing ship could join the drills around Taiwan island soon, analysts said.
Neither of the PLA's aircraft carriers, the Liaoning and the Shandong, has been featured in official reports on drills around the Taiwan island as of yet, despite experts affiliated with the PLA telling the Global Times that an aircraft carrier group will join the drills.
Aircraft carriers are expected to deter and cut off routes of external force interference from the east side of Taiwan island, while also joining the attack on the island, experts said.
US warships coming?
The PLA drills' focus on joint blockade on Tuesday came after the US reiterated on Monday that it will continue to send warships through the Taiwan Straits despite the PLA drills.
"The US Navy is expected to conduct some freedom of navigation operations in the region in the coming days," the website of the US Naval Institute USNI News quoted Colin Kahl as saying during a press briefing on Monday.
Now that the PLA has extended its drills around the island of Taiwan without giving a conclusion date, plus China's cancelation of theater commanders' talks, defense policy coordination talks and military maritime consultative agreement meetings with the US as countermeasures in response to Pelosi's provocative Taiwan visit, questions have been raised over the US' decision to insist on sending warships through the Taiwan Straits.
In June, the Chinese Foreign Ministry stressed that China has sovereignty, sovereign rights and jurisdiction over the Taiwan Straits. This means if US warships or warplanes want to pass the Taiwan Straits, they must not carry out any provocative activity, Song Zhongping, a Chinese mainland military expert and TV commentator, told the Global Times.
But transits of US military vessels and aircraft in the Taiwan Straits are always sensitive. It is difficult not to think the US is intentionally making provocations particularly under the current situation, analysts said.
The PLA can set new navigation restriction zones amid its consecutive exercises around Taiwan island, and this will deny US warships from entering the Taiwan Straits from a tactical level, Song said.
At a time when three major China-US military and defense talks have been canceled, if the US insists on sending warships through the Taiwan Straits where the PLA is holding drills clearly aimed to deter US interference, the risk of an accidental conflict is high, analysts said.
The US must realize the PLA will not give in an inch when it comes to safeguarding national sovereignty, security, and the major core interests like the Taiwan question, Song said.