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Fondée en 1872 dans la vallée de la Molignée par des moines bénédictins, l’Abbaye de Maredsous est caractéristique d’un style architectural néo-gothique qui s’harmonise parfaitement avec la nature boisée et vallonnée de la région
Empreints de spiritualité, les bâtiments de l’abbaye de Maredsous dégagent une sensation de plénitude et d’absolu à laquelle on ne peut rester indifférent. L’église qui domine le cloître, le monastère et la bibliothèque, les diverses dépendances dont l’ancienne école des métiers d’art, le Centre d’accueil Saint-Joseph, constituent un ensemble harmonieux qui invite le visiteur à la promenade et à la méditation.
La vie des moines de l'abbaye de Maredsous
Comme les Cisterciens ou les Trappistes, les moines de l’Abbaye de Maredsous ont adopté la règle de St-Benoît, une ligne de conduite qui partage la vie du moine entre prière, travail et tradition d’accueil.
Bien ancrés dans la société contemporaine, les moines de Maredsous ont développé une économie qui répond aux exigences du sacré comme aux besoins de la communauté. Ainsi, chaque moine s’emploie à une tâche bien précise : certains enseignent, d’autres travaillent à la bibliothèque, dans divers secteurs de la recherche scientifique, au Centre Informatique et Bible ou s’occupent du service d’administration et de fonctionnement de l’abbaye. Les moines collaborent aussi aux ateliers d’art ou à la fromagerie et s’occupent de l’accueil des visiteurs.
Dépositaire de la tradition bénédictine, l’Abbaye de Maredsous est surtout un foyer culturel : dès 1882, elle accueille un centre d’artisanat d’art et d’édition à l’origine du premier missel latin-français, et d’une traduction de la Bible en français en 1950. Dans la même optique, les moines diffusent la Bible sur disquettes dès 1981 et éditent depuis des logiciels d'étude et de lecture biblique.
Founded in 1872 in the Molignée valley by Benedictine monks, Maredsous Abbey is characteristic of a neo-Gothic architectural style which harmonizes perfectly with the wooded and hilly nature of the region.
Imbued with spirituality, the buildings of Maredsous Abbey give off a feeling of fullness and absoluteness to which we cannot remain indifferent. The church which dominates the cloister, the monastery and the library, the various outbuildings including the old crafts school, the Saint-Joseph Welcome Center, constitute a harmonious whole which invites the visitor to stroll and explore. meditation.
The life of the monks of Maredsous Abbey
Like the Cistercians or the Trappists, the monks of Maredsous Abbey have adopted the rule of St-Benoît, a line of conduct which divides the life of the monk between prayer, work and tradition of welcome.
Well anchored in contemporary society, the monks of Maredsous have developed an economy that meets the demands of the sacred as well as the needs of the community. Thus, each monk works on a very specific task: some teach, others work in the library, in various sectors of scientific research, at the Computer and Bible Center or take care of the administration and operation of the the abbey. The monks also collaborate in the art workshops or the cheese factory and take care of welcoming visitors.
Custodian of the Benedictine tradition, the Abbey of Maredsous is above all a cultural center: from 1882, it hosted a center of artistic crafts and publishing at the origin of the first Latin-French missal, and a translation of the Bible in French in 1950. In the same vein, the monks distributed the Bible on floppy disks from 1981 and have since published Bible study and reading software.
This is a big old book I have and I fashioned it into a heart. I'm adding this link: www.youtube.com/watch?v=4F1CP7eXhIk It's an acapella song by Home Free, another of my faves, these guys can harmonize!!!
Un grazioso punto di ristoro completamente in legno situato sulla sponda del Lago Welsperg presso Tonadico (TN) si armonizza con il bosco che lo circonda che, nel periodo autunnale si riveste di svariate tonalità calde. Al di sopra, si elevano le alte vette dolomitiche del gruppo delle Pale di San Martino, nello scatto è visibile il Cimerlo (2.503 m.) e il Sass Maòr (2.812 m.).
A charming wooden refreshment point located on the shore of Lake Welsperg at Tonadico (TN) harmonizes in with the surrounding forest which, takes on a variety of warm hues in autumn. Above, rise the high Dolomite peaks of the Pale of San Martino group, visible in the shot are Cimerlo (2.503 m) and Sass Maòr (2.812 m).
Germany, Hamburg, "Planten un Blomen" is an approximately 47 hectare park in the centre of Hamburg.
The name "Planten un Blomen" is in the North German dialect & it means “Plants & Flowers”. The founder & first director of the botanical garden in the Hamburg walls, Johann G. C. Lehmann, planted a plane tree in November 1821, the first tree in the park. The tree is located still today at the Dammtor train station entrance between the large tropical glasshouse & the Congress Centre, the tree is a natural symbol representing the beginnings of the gardens.
The park is a popular destination for the inhabitants in the Hamburg metropolitan area & tourists; it is part of a green zone that stretches horizontally through the whole nearly 2 million city down to the harbour.
The park is famous for its water-light concerts, public theatre & music performances. In addition to the gardens, there is a large playground in the southern park area; the park is open all year round there is no entrance fee.
📌...From May to September, the water-light concerts are presented daily at 10 pm with a bi-weekly changing 30 minutes program. The fountain & lighting is operated by three technicians during the show & tuned to harmonize with the music. Every evening several hundreds of people, with or without a picnic, sit on the lawns around the lake to watch the intense spectacle...unless it rains, the water games still take place.
👉 One World one Dream,
🙏...Danke, Xièxie 谢谢, Thanks, Gracias, Merci, Grazie, Obrigado, Arigatô, Dhanyavad, Chokrane to you & over
17 million visits in my photostream with countless motivating comments
The Rainbow Bridge (レインボーブリッジ Reinbō burijji) is a suspension bridge crossing northern Tokyo Bay between Shibaura Pier and the Odaiba waterfront development in Minato, Tokyo, Japan.
Construction started in 1987 and was completed in 1993. The bridge is 798 metres (2,618 ft) long with a main span of 580 metres (1,903 ft).'Rainbow Bridge" was decided by the public.
The towers supporting the bridge are white in color, designed to harmonize with the skyline of central Tokyo seen from Odaiba. There are lamps placed on the wires supporting the bridge, which are illuminated into three different colors, red, white and green every night using solar energy obtained during the day.(Wikipedia)
Motion Picture Herald, November 11, 1939:
“Forming a striking architectural feature of the new Sandra theatre, Wichita, Kansas, is the luminous sign tower rising above the marquee and lighted in six pastel shades to harmonize with the color scheme of the building front.”
Fondée en 1872 dans la vallée de la Molignée par des moines bénédictins, l’Abbaye de Maredsous est caractéristique d’un style architectural néo-gothique qui s’harmonise parfaitement avec la nature boisée et vallonnée de la région
Empreints de spiritualité, les bâtiments de l’abbaye de Maredsous dégagent une sensation de plénitude et d’absolu à laquelle on ne peut rester indifférent. L’église qui domine le cloître, le monastère et la bibliothèque, les diverses dépendances dont l’ancienne école des métiers d’art, le Centre d’accueil Saint-Joseph, constituent un ensemble harmonieux qui invite le visiteur à la promenade et à la méditation.
La vie des moines de l'abbaye de Maredsous
Comme les Cisterciens ou les Trappistes, les moines de l’Abbaye de Maredsous ont adopté la règle de St-Benoît, une ligne de conduite qui partage la vie du moine entre prière, travail et tradition d’accueil.
Bien ancrés dans la société contemporaine, les moines de Maredsous ont développé une économie qui répond aux exigences du sacré comme aux besoins de la communauté. Ainsi, chaque moine s’emploie à une tâche bien précise : certains enseignent, d’autres travaillent à la bibliothèque, dans divers secteurs de la recherche scientifique, au Centre Informatique et Bible ou s’occupent du service d’administration et de fonctionnement de l’abbaye. Les moines collaborent aussi aux ateliers d’art ou à la fromagerie et s’occupent de l’accueil des visiteurs.
Dépositaire de la tradition bénédictine, l’Abbaye de Maredsous est surtout un foyer culturel : dès 1882, elle accueille un centre d’artisanat d’art et d’édition à l’origine du premier missel latin-français, et d’une traduction de la Bible en français en 1950. Dans la même optique, les moines diffusent la Bible sur disquettes dès 1981 et éditent depuis des logiciels d'étude et de lecture biblique.
Founded in 1872 in the Molignée valley by Benedictine monks, Maredsous Abbey is characteristic of a neo-Gothic architectural style which harmonizes perfectly with the wooded and hilly nature of the region.
Imbued with spirituality, the buildings of Maredsous Abbey give off a feeling of fullness and absoluteness to which we cannot remain indifferent. The church which dominates the cloister, the monastery and the library, the various outbuildings including the old crafts school, the Saint-Joseph Welcome Center, constitute a harmonious whole which invites the visitor to stroll and explore. meditation.
The life of the monks of Maredsous Abbey
Like the Cistercians or the Trappists, the monks of Maredsous Abbey have adopted the rule of St-Benoît, a line of conduct which divides the life of the monk between prayer, work and tradition of welcome.
Well anchored in contemporary society, the monks of Maredsous have developed an economy that meets the demands of the sacred as well as the needs of the community. Thus, each monk works on a very specific task: some teach, others work in the library, in various sectors of scientific research, at the Computer and Bible Center or take care of the administration and operation of the the abbey. The monks also collaborate in the art workshops or the cheese factory and take care of welcoming visitors.
Custodian of the Benedictine tradition, the Abbey of Maredsous is above all a cultural center: from 1882, it hosted a center of artistic crafts and publishing at the origin of the first Latin-French missal, and a translation of the Bible in French in 1950. In the same vein, the monks distributed the Bible on floppy disks from 1981 and have since published Bible study and reading software.
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Modern architecture captivates with its sleek lines, innovative materials, and minimalist designs, harmonizing form and function.
It emphasizes open spaces, natural light, and sustainable practices, creating elegant structures that blend seamlessly with their surroundings while pushing creative boundaries.
In the past few days, an intriguing idea struck me. What if each week I came up with a different theme? This notion seemed both exciting and promising, offering a fresh perspective and a constant source of novelty. I imagined diving into a new world every seven days, exploring diverse themes.
ZONSER GRIND | RHINE, GERMANY
It started snowing through the night... a cold, icy morning made up for some epic mood and light, harmonizing perfectly with the heavily flooded Rhine.
Downside is, that all our normal walks are flooded too. So this here depicts the end of the way, we could take. A mere 10 minutes away. :)
Germany, Hamburg, "Planten un Blomen"…a real „Blue Hour” harmonised with the colour of the fountains over the lake & the park area.
The Park is an approximately 47 hectare park in the centre of Hamburg.
The name "Planten un Blomen" is in the North German dialect & it means “Plants & Flowers”. The founder & first director of the botanical garden in the Hamburg walls, Johann G. C. Lehmann, planted a plane tree in November 1821, the first tree in the park. The tree is located still today at the Dammtor train station entrance between the large tropical glasshouse & the Congress Centre, the tree is a natural symbol representing the beginnings of the gardens.
The park is a popular destination for the inhabitants in the Hamburg metropolitan area & tourists; it is part of a green zone that stretches horizontally through the whole nearly 2 million city down to the harbour.
The park is famous for its water-light concerts, public theatre & music performances. In addition to the gardens, there is a large playground in the southern park area; the park is open all year round there is no entrance fee.
📌...From May to September, the water-light concerts are presented daily at 10 pm with a bi-weekly changing 30 minutes program. The fountain & lighting is operated by three technicians during the show & tuned to harmonize with the music. Every evening several hundreds of people, with or without a picnic, sit on the lawns around the lake to watch the intense spectacle...unless it rains, the water games still take place.
👉 One World one Dream,
🙏...Danke, Xièxie 谢谢, Thanks, Gracias, Merci, Grazie, Obrigado, Arigatô, Dhanyavad, Chokrane to you & over
17 million visits in my photostream with countless motivating comments
Germany, Hamburg, "Planten un Blomen" is an approximately 47 hectare park in the centre of Hamburg.
The name "Planten un Blomen" is in the North German dialect & it means “Plants & Flowers”. The founder & first director of the botanical garden in the Hamburg walls, Johann G. C. Lehmann, planted a plane tree in November 1821, the first tree in the park. The tree is located still today at the Dammtor train station entrance between the large tropical glasshouse & the Congress Centre, the tree is a natural symbol representing the beginnings of the gardens.
The park is a popular destination for the inhabitants in the Hamburg metropolitan area & tourists; it is part of a green zone that stretches horizontally through the whole nearly 2 million city down to the harbour.
The park is famous for its water-light concerts, public theatre & music performances. In addition to the gardens, there is a large playground in the southern park area; the park is open all year round there is no entrance fee.
📌...From May to September, the water-light concerts are presented daily at 10 pm with a bi-weekly changing 30 minutes program. The fountain & lighting is operated by three technicians during the show & tuned to harmonize with the music. Every evening several hundreds of people, with or without a picnic, sit on the lawns around the lake to watch the intense spectacle...unless it rains, the water games still take place.
👉 One World one Dream,
🙏...Danke, Xièxie 谢谢, Thanks, Gracias, Merci, Grazie, Obrigado, Arigatô, Dhanyavad, Chokrane to you & over
17 million visits in my photostream with countless motivating comments
Tromso is a fairly new town and in strong growth. It's a challenge to get new buildings to harmonize with the surroundings. Is there a goal that architecture should harmonize? Or provoke? Should we allow everyone to build his signature building? We have to live with it for 100 years! Anyway, we photographers can enjoy contrasts in shapes and colours to make exciting pictures.
Photo captured via Minolta MD Rokkor-X 85mm F/1.7 lens. Northtown Neighborhood. City of Spokane. Selkirk Mountains Range. Spokane Valley Outwash Plains section within the Northern Rockies Region. Inland Northwest. Spokane County, Washington. Late December 2020.
Exposure Time: 25 sec. * ISO Speed: ISO-100 * Aperture: F/11 * Bracketing: None * Color Temperature: 6000 K * Film Plug-In: Fuji Velvia 50 * Filter: Hoya Pro1 Digital ND x64 (⌀55mm) * Elevation: 1,983 feet above sea-level
Shot at the Quinta da Regaleira Palace, Sintra
We walked around the gardens for hours, so many ancient structures hidden and harmonized with the wild nature, giant trees and twisted lakes. Truly a sight to be hold.
❤️ UNICEF: Children in Crossfire of Ukraine Crisis ❤️
UN Charter, Article 1
To maintain international peace and security, and to that end: to take effective collective measures for the prevention and removal of threats to the peace, and for the suppression of acts of aggression or other breaches of the peace, and to bring about by peaceful means, and in conformity with the principles of justice and international law, adjustment or settlement of international disputes or situations which might lead to a breach of the peace;
To develop friendly relations among nations based on respect for the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples, and to take other appropriate measures to strengthen universal peace;
To achieve international co-operation in solving international problems of an economic, social, cultural, or humanitarian character, and in promoting and encouraging respect for human rights and for fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion; and
To be a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations in the attainment of these common ends.
🎧 Music: Peter, Paul & Mary - Blowin' in the Wind
✈: Startdust's Exhibition for Modern Art
4K 4096 × 2160 resolution screenshot
Most landscape photos are likely to be wide-angle shots, but it's also worth taking telephoto shots. When I travel I always have my 70-200 with me and like in this photo together with the 2x teleconverter you get completely different compressed sections and abstract views. The "elephant skin" of the rocks in the foreground harmonizes wonderfully with the sandy tones of the Bad Water Basin in the background. This photo was taken early in the morning in Death Valley from Zabriskie Point. It was the second time I visited Death Valley (way back in the 80s) and I've been fascinated by this unique landscape ever since...
Die meisten Landschaftsfotos sind wohl Weitwinkelaufnahmen, doch es lohnt sich auch, Teleaufnahmen zu machen. Bei Reisen habe ich immer mein 70-200er im Gepäck und wie in diesem Foto zusammen mit dem 2-fach Telekonverter erhält man ganz andere komprimierte Aussschnitte und abstrakte Ansichten. Die "Elefantenhaut" der Felsen im Vordergrund harmoniert wunderbar mit den Sandtönen des Bad Water Basins im Hintergrund. Diese Aufnahme entstand am frühen Morgen im Death Valley vom Zabriskie Point aus. Es war das zweite Mal, dass ich das Death Valley besucht habe (lange zurück in den 80ern) und seitdem fasziniert mich diese einzigartige Landschaft...
An interesting contrast of architecture on Harvard's campus: Memorial Hall, with its grand and colorful Victorian Gothic style, and Gund Hall, with crisp and straightforward modernist design.
From just the right angle, the two buildings flow into each other. Almost like a harmonization of the two, these seemingly opposite styles coming together to form this part of the campus. Always love coming by here, and thankfully this time, I had my camera with me!
======Technical Details======
Camera: Contax RX (1994)
Lens: f3.4/35-70 Zeiss Vario-Sonnar T*
Film: Kodak Ektar 100
Exposure: EI 100 (Box)
Weather: Early afternoon, mostly clear sky.
Scan: Lab scan.
La tour de Mutte qui servit de beffroi municipal s’élève à quatre-vingt-huit mètres de hauteur, le sommet de la flèche atteignant 93 m.
Jusqu’à la fin du XIVe siècle, à Metz, c’est la cloche de Saint-Eucaire qui servait de cloche municipale. On l’appelait « bancloche » ou plus communément « mutte », puisqu’elle était destinée à ameuter la population en diverses occasions. Cette cloche fut par la suite transférée dans un clocher de bois adossé à la cathédrale. En juillet 1478, le clocher de bois est détruit et la construction d’une tour de pierre est entreprise, ce travail est confié à Hannès de Ranconvaulx qui achèvera sa construction en octobre 1481.
Malgré une silhouette flamboyante, la flèche conserve des ornements rayonnants, probablement dans un souci d'harmonisation avec le reste de l'édifice.
Cathédrale Saint-Etienne de Metz.
Plus d'infos sur cet édifice remarquable: fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cath%C3%A9drale_Saint-%C3%89tienne_...
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The Mutte Tower, which served as the municipal belfry, rises to a height of eighty-eight meters, with the spire reaching a height of 93 meters.
Until the end of the 14th century, the bell of Saint-Eucaire in Metz served as the municipal bell. It was called the "bancloche" or, more commonly, the "mutte," as it was intended to summon the population on various occasions. This bell was later moved to a wooden bell tower attached to the cathedral. In July 1478, the wooden bell tower was demolished, and the construction of a stone tower was undertaken. This work was entrusted to Hannès de Ranconvaulx, who completed its construction in October 1481.
Despite its flamboyant silhouette, the spire retains radiating ornamentation, probably in an effort to harmonize with the rest of the building.
Metz Cathedral (Saint-Étienne)
Gestern Abend beim Vorbeifahren habe ich im Augenwinkel entdeckt, das sich in Schönwalde rekonstruiertes mit verlassenem und verfallenem trifft und auch irgendwie harmoniert.
Yesterday evening at the preliminary, I discovered in the corner of the eye, which meets in Reconstructed with abandoned and decayed meets and somehow harmonizes.
Maxwell Livingston Smith (Saint James Parish, Jamaica, November 22, 1944) better known as Max Romeo, is a reggae musician who has achieved success in his country of origin and in the United Kingdom. He is one of the most respected vocalists in reggae. Few singers have known how to harmonize with such skill the religious fervor of gospel, the heartbreak of soul and the laments of the people of the ghetto.
Maxwell Livingston Smith (Parroquia de Saint James, Jamaica; 22 de noviembre de 1944) más conocido como Max Romeo, es un músico de reggae que ha alcanzado éxito en su país de origen y en el Reino Unido. Es uno de los vocalistas más respetados del reggae. Pocos cantantes han sabido armonizar con tanta habilidad el fervor religioso del gospel, el desgarro del soul y los lamentos de la gente del ghetto.
Rototom SunSplash 27º European Reggae Festival.
Benicàssim 16-22 August 2022 (Spain)
Max Romeo live at Rototom
Boho Chic Elegance: LIZIAAH Kamora Dress at Swank Events
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Captured in a breathtaking natural setting, the Kamora Dress shines in its Jade variation, harmonizing beautifully with the lush greenery and cascading waterfall in the backdrop.
Featuring a daring high slit and a delicately textured top with a cut-out design, this piece is both alluring and graceful perfect for those who love timeless fashion with a contemporary twist.
Express yourself with the Kamora Dress in a selection of enchanting hues, including Blanco, Black, Lemon, and Oat.
Whether you’re embracing earth-toned neutrals or making a statement with deep or vibrant shades, there’s a color to match your mood and style.
Don’t miss the chance to elevate your wardrobe with this mesmerizing piece at Swank Events. Boho chic has never looked this refined.
Osaka, Japan
Going thru my photo bank and I'm wondering if street scenes like these give comfort and hope? I feel hopeful that we can enjoy each others company soon and wish you comfort & health. GOD BLESS ALL YOU REAL-LIFE HEALTH CARE DOCTORS & NURSES... YOU ARE ALL ROCKSTARS! CHEERS.
Sony A7R III | Sony 55mm ZA
Leaning Tower of Pisa and Pisa Cathedral
Schiefer Turm von Pisa und Dom zu Pisa
The Piazza dei Miracoli (Italian: [ˈpjattsa dei miˈraːkoli]; English: Square of Miracles), formally known as Piazza del Duomo (English: Cathedral Square), is a walled 8.87-hectare area located in Pisa, Tuscany, Italy, recognized as an important centre of European medieval art and one of the finest architectural complexes in the world.Considered sacred by the Catholic Church, its owner, the square is dominated by four great religious edifices: the Pisa Cathedral, the Pisa Baptistry, the Campanile, and the Camposanto Monumentale (Monumental Cemetery). Partly paved and partly grassed, the Piazza dei Miracoli is also the site of the Ospedale Nuovo di Santo Spirito (New Hospital of the Holy Spirit), which houses the Sinopias Museum (Italian: Museo delle Sinopie) and the Cathedral Museum (Italian: Museo dell'Opera del Duomo).
The name Piazza dei Miracoli was coined by the Italian writer and poet Gabriele d'Annunzio who, in his novel Forse che sì forse che no (1910), described the square as the "prato dei Miracoli", or "meadow of miracles". The square is sometimes called the Campo dei Miracoli ("Field of Miracles"). In 1987, the whole square was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
(Wikipedia)
The Leaning Tower of Pisa (Italian: torre pendente di Pisa), or simply, the Tower of Pisa (torre di Pisa [ˈtorre di ˈpiːza; ˈpiːsa], is the campanile, or freestanding bell tower, of Pisa Cathedral. It is known for its nearly four-degree lean, the result of an unstable foundation. The tower is one of three structures in the Pisa's Cathedral Square (Piazza del Duomo), which includes the cathedral and Pisa Baptistry.
The height of the tower is 55.86 metres (183 feet 3 inches) from the ground on the low side and 56.67 m (185 ft 11 in) on the high side. The width of the walls at the base is 2.44 m (8 ft 0 in). Its weight is estimated at 14,500 tonnes (16,000 short tons). The tower has 296 or 294 steps; the seventh floor has two fewer steps on the north-facing staircase.
The tower began to lean during construction in the 12th century, due to soft ground which could not properly support the structure's weight. It worsened through the completion of construction in the 14th century. By 1990, the tilt had reached 5.5 degrees. The structure was stabilized by remedial work between 1993 and 2001, which reduced the tilt to 3.97 degrees.
Architect
There has been controversy surrounding the identity of the architect of the Leaning Tower of Pisa. For many years, the design was attributed to Guglielmo and Bonanno Pisano, a well-known 12th-century resident artist of Pisa, known for his bronze casting, particularly in the Pisa Duomo. Pisano left Pisa in 1185 for Monreale, Sicily, only to come back and die in his home town. A piece of cast bearing his name was discovered at the foot of the tower in 1820, but this may be related to the bronze door in the façade of the cathedral that was destroyed in 1595. A 2001 study seems to indicate Diotisalvi was the original architect, due to the time of construction and affinity with other Diotisalvi works, notably the bell tower of San Nicola and the Baptistery, both in Pisa.
Construction
Construction of the tower occurred in three stages over 199 years. On 5 January 1172, Donna Berta di Bernardo, a widow and resident of the house of dell'Opera di Santa Maria, bequeathed sixty soldi to the Opera Campanilis petrarum Sancte Marie. The sum was then used toward the purchase of a few stones which still form the base of the bell tower. On 9 August 1173, the foundations of the tower were laid. Work on the ground floor of the white marble campanile began on 14 August of the same year during a period of military success and prosperity. This ground floor is a blind arcade articulated by engaged columns with classical Corinthian capitals. Nearly four centuries later Giorgio Vasari wrote: "Guglielmo, according to what is being said, in the year 1174, together with sculptor Bonanno, laid the foundations of the bell tower of the cathedral in Pisa".
The tower began to sink after construction had progressed to the second floor in 1178. This was due to a mere three-metre foundation, set in weak, unstable subsoil, a design that was flawed from the beginning. Construction was subsequently halted for the better part of a century, as the Republic of Pisa was almost continually engaged in battles with Genoa, Lucca, and Florence. This allowed time for the underlying soil to settle. Otherwise, the tower would almost certainly have toppled. On 27 December 1233, the worker Benenato, son of Gerardo Bottici, oversaw the continuation of the tower's construction.
On 23 February 1260, Guido Speziale, son of Giovanni Pisano, was elected to oversee the building of the tower. On 12 April 1264, the master builder Giovanni di Simone, architect of the Camposanto, and 23 workers went to the mountains close to Pisa to cut marble. The cut stones were given to Rainaldo Speziale, worker of St. Francesco. In 1272, construction resumed under Di Simone. In an effort to compensate for the tilt, the engineers built upper floors with one side taller than the other. Because of this, the tower is curved. Construction was halted again in 1284 when the Pisans were defeated by the Genoese in the Battle of Meloria.
The seventh floor was completed in 1319. The bell-chamber was finally added in 1372. It was built by Tommaso di Andrea Pisano, who succeeded in harmonizing the Gothic elements of the belfry with the Romanesque style of the tower. There are seven bells, one for each note of the musical major scale. The largest one was installed in 1655.
History following construction
Between 1589 and 1592, Galileo Galilei, who lived in Pisa at the time, is said to have dropped two cannonballs of different masses from the tower to demonstrate that their speed of descent was independent of their mass, in keeping with the law of free fall. The primary source for this is the biography Racconto istorico della vita di Galileo Galilei (Historical Account of the Life of Galileo Galilei), written by Galileo's pupil and secretary Vincenzo Viviani in 1654, but only published in 1717, long after his death.
During World War II, the Allies suspected that the Germans were using the tower as an observation post. Leon Weckstein, a U.S. Army sergeant sent to confirm the presence of German troops in the tower, was impressed by the beauty of the cathedral and its campanile, and thus refrained from ordering an artillery strike, sparing it from destruction.
Numerous efforts have been made to restore the tower to a vertical orientation or at least keep it from falling over. Most of these efforts failed; some worsened the tilt. On 27 February 1964, the government of Italy requested aid in preventing the tower from toppling. It was, however, considered important to retain the current tilt, due to the role that this element played in promoting the tourism industry of Pisa.
Starting in 1993, 870 tonnes of lead counterweights were added, which straightened the tower slightly.
The tower and the neighbouring cathedral, baptistery, and cemetery are included in the Piazza del Duomo UNESCO World Heritage Site, which was declared in 1987.
The tower was closed to the public on 7 January 1990, after more than two decades of stabilisation studies and spurred by the abrupt collapse of the Civic Tower of Pavia in 1989. The bells were removed to relieve some weight, and cables were cinched around the third level and anchored several hundred meters away. Apartments and houses in the path of a potential fall of the tower were vacated for safety. The selected method for preventing the collapse of the tower was to slightly reduce its tilt to a safer angle by removing 38 cubic metres (1,342 cubic feet) of soil from underneath the raised end. The tower's tilt was reduced by 45 centimetres (17+1⁄2 inches), returning to its 1838 position. After a decade of corrective reconstruction and stabilization efforts, the tower was reopened to the public on 15 December 2001, and was declared stable for at least another 300 years. In total, 70 metric tons (77 short tons) of soil were removed.
After a phase (1990–2001) of structural strengthening, the tower has been undergoing gradual surface restoration to repair visible damage, mostly corrosion and blackening. These are particularly pronounced due to the tower's age and its exposure to wind and rain. In May 2008, engineers announced that the tower had been stabilized such that it had stopped moving for the first time in its history. They stated that it would be stable for at least 200 years.
Earthquake survival
At least four strong earthquakes have hit the region since 1280, but the apparently vulnerable tower survived. The reason was not understood until a research group of 16 engineers investigated. The researchers concluded that the tower was able to withstand the tremors because of dynamic soil-structure interaction (DSSI): the height and stiffness of the tower, together with the softness of the foundation soil, influences the vibrational characteristics of the structure in such a way that the tower does not resonate with earthquake ground motion. The same soft soil that caused the leaning and brought the tower to the verge of collapse helped it survive.
Technical information
Elevation of Piazza del Duomo: about 2 metres (6 feet, DMS)
Height from the ground floor: 55.863 m (183 ft 3+5⁄16 in),[37] 8 stories
Height from the foundation floor: 58.36 m (191 ft 5+1⁄2 in)
Outer diameter of base: 15.484 m (50 ft 9+5⁄8 in)
Inner diameter of base: 7.368 m (24 ft 2+1⁄16 in)
Angle of slant: 3.97 degrees[40] or 3.9 m (12 ft 10 in) from the vertical
Weight: 14,700 metric tons (16,200 short tons)
Thickness of walls at the base: 2.44 m (8 ft 0 in)
Total number of bells: 7, tuned to musical scale, clockwise:
1st bell: L'Assunta, cast in 1654 by Giovanni Pietro Orlandi, weight 3,620 kg (7,981 lb)
2nd bell: Il Crocifisso, cast in 1572 by Vincenzo Possenti, weight 2,462 kg (5,428 lb)
3rd bell: San Ranieri, cast in 1719–1721 by Giovanni Andrea Moreni, weight 1,448 kg (3,192 lb)
4th bell: La Terza (1st small one), cast in 1473, weight 300 kg (661 lb)
5th bell: La Pasquereccia or La Giustizia, cast in 1262 by Lotteringo, weight 1,014 kg (2,235 lb)
6th bell: Il Vespruccio (2nd small one), cast in the 14th century and again in 1501 by Nicola di Jacopo, weight 1,000 kg (2,205 lb)
7th bell: Dal Pozzo, cast in 1606 and again in 2004, weight 652 kg (1,437 lb)
Number of steps to the top: 296
About the 5th bell: The name Pasquareccia comes from Easter, because it used to ring on Easter day. However, this bell is older than the bell-chamber itself, and comes from the tower Vergata in Palazzo Pretorio in Pisa, where it was called La Giustizia (The Justice). The bell was tolled to announce executions of criminals and traitors, including Count Ugolino in 1289. A new bell was installed in the bell tower at the end of the 18th century to replace the broken Pasquareccia.
The circular shape and great height of the campanile were unusual for their time, and the crowning belfry is stylistically distinct from the rest of the construction. This belfry incorporates a 14 cm (5+1⁄2 in) correction for the inclined axis below. The siting of the campanile within the Piazza del Duomo diverges from the axial alignment of the cathedral and baptistery of the Piazza del Duomo.
Guinness World Records
Two German churches have challenged the tower's status as the world's most lopsided building: the 15th-century square Leaning Tower of Suurhusen and the 14th-century bell tower in the town of Bad Frankenhausen. Guinness World Records measured the Pisa and Suurhusen towers, finding the former's tilt to be 3.97 degrees. In June 2010, Guinness World Records certified the Capital Gate building in Abu Dhabi, UAE as the "World's Furthest Leaning Man-made Tower"; it has an 18-degree slope, almost five times more than the Tower of Pisa, but was deliberately engineered to slant. The Leaning Tower of Wanaka in New Zealand, also deliberately built, leans at 53 degrees to the ground.
(Wikipedia)
Pisa Cathedral (Italian: Cattedrale Metropolitana Primaziale di Santa Maria Assunta; Duomo di Pisa) is a medieval Roman Catholic cathedral dedicated to the Assumption of the Virgin Mary, in the Piazza dei Miracoli in Pisa, Italy, the oldest of the three structures in the plaza followed by the Pisa Baptistry and the Campanile known as the Leaning Tower of Pisa. The cathedral is a notable example of Romanesque architecture, in particular the style known as Pisan Romanesque. Consecrated in 1118, it is the seat of the Archbishop of Pisa. Construction began in 1063 and was completed in 1092. Additional enlargements and a new facade were built in the 12th century and the roof was replaced after damage from a fire in 1595.
History
Construction on the cathedral began in 1063 (1064 according to the Pisan calendar of the time) by the architect Buscheto, and expenses were paid using the spoils received fighting against the Muslims in Sicily in 1063. It includes various stylistic elements: classical, Lombard-Emilian, Byzantine, and Islamic, drawing upon the international presence of Pisan merchants at that time. In the same year, St. Mark's Basilica began its reconstruction in Venice, evidence of a strong rivalry between the two maritime republics to see which could create the most beautiful and luxurious place of worship.
The church was erected outside Pisa's early medieval walls, to show that Pisa had no fear of being attacked.[citation needed] The chosen area had already been used in the Lombard era as a necropolis and at the beginning of the 11th century a church had been erected here, but never finished, that was to be named Santa Maria.[citation needed] Buscheto's grand new church was initially called Santa Maria Maggiore until it was officially named Santa Maria Assunta.
In 1092 the cathedral was declared primatial church, archbishop Dagobert having been given the title of Primate by Pope Urban II. The cathedral was consecrated in 1118 by Pope Gelasius II, who belonged to the Caetani family which was powerful both in Pisa and in Rome.
In the early 12th century the cathedral was enlarged under the direction of architect Rainaldo, who increased the length of the nave by adding three bays consistent with the original style of Buscheto, enlarged the transept, and planned a new facade which was completed by workers under the direction of the sculptors Guglielmo and Biduino. The exact date of the work is unclear: according to some, the work was done right after the death of Buscheto about the year 1100, though others say it was done closer to 1140. In any case, work was finished in 1180, as documented by the date written on the bronze knockers made by Bonanno Pisano found on the main door.
The structure's present appearance is the result of numerous restoration campaigns that were carried out in different eras. The first radical interventions occurred after the fire of 1595, following which the roof was replaced and sculptors from the workshop of Giambologna, among whom were Gasparo Mola and Pietro Tacca, created the three bronze doors of the facade. In the early 18th century began the redecoration of the inside walls of the cathedral with large paintings, the "quadroni", depicting stories of the blesseds and saints of Pisa. These works were made by the principal artists of the era, and a group of citizens arranged for the special financing of the project. Successive interventions occurred in the 19th century and included both internal and external modifications; among the latter was the removal of the original facade statues (presently in the cathedral museum) and their replacement with copies.
Other notable interventions include: the dismantling of Giovanni Pisano's pulpit between 1599 and 1601 that only in 1926 was reassembled and returned to the cathedral (with some original pieces missing, including the staircase); and the dismantling of the monument to Henry VII made by Lupo di Francesco that was found in front of the door of San Ranieri and later substituted by a simpler, symbolic version.
Description
The original building plan was a Greek cross with a grand cupola at the crossing, but today the plan is a Latin cross with a central nave flanked by two side aisles on each side, with the apse and transepts having three naves. The inside offers a spatial effect similar to that of the great mosques thanks to the use of raised lancet arches, the alternating layers of black and white marble, and the elliptical dome, inspired by the Moors. The presence of two raised matronea in the nave, with their solid, monolithic columns of granite, is a clear sign of Byzantine influence. Buscheto welcomed Islamic and Armenian influence.
Exterior
The rich exterior decoration contains multicolored marble, mosaic, and numerous bronze objects from the spoils of war, among which is the griffin. The arrival of the griffin in Pisa has been attributed to numerous Pisan military victories of the 11th and 12th centuries, including the 1087 Mahdia Campaign and the 1113-1115 Balearic Expedition. The griffin was placed on a platform atop a column rising from the gable above the apse at the east end of the roof, probably as continuation of the original construction that started in 1064. In the early 19th century the original sculpture, which can now be seen in the cathedral museum, was removed from the roof and replaced with a copy. The high arches show Islamic and southern Italian influence.Ref? The blind arches with lozenge shapes recall similar structures in Armenia. The facade of grey and white marble, decorated with colored marble inserts, was built by Master Rainaldo. Above the three doorways are four levels of loggia divided by cornices with marble intarsia, behind which open single, double, and triple windows.
The cathedral was heavily damaged by a fire in 1595. The heavy bronze doors of the façade were newly designed, executed and completed in 1602 by sculptors around Giambologna on the expense of Ferdinando I de' Medici, the Grand Duke of Tuscany. At the top there is a Madonna and Child and, in the angles, the four evangelists. The tomb of Buscheto is found to the left of the north door of the facade.
Contrary to what might be thought, from the beginning the faithful entered the cathedral through the Gate of Saint Rainerius, found in the south transept of the same name, which faces the bell tower. For townsfolk approaching by via Santa Maria it was the shortest way to enter the cathedral. The door wings were cast about 1180 by Bonanno Pisano, and it is the only door not destroyed in 1595. The 24 bronze reliefs show stories of the New Testament. This bronze portal is one of the first produced in Italy during the Middle Ages, and is a forerunner of the bronze doors created by Andrea Pisano for the Baptistery in Florence (1329–1336).
Of further interest
At the end of the 10th century Pisa established March 25 as the beginning of its new year. This date was considered very important because it is both the Feast of the Annunciation (occurring nine months before Christ's birth on December 25) and it falls very close to the spring equinox. To mark the beginning of the Pisan new year a system was devised in the cathedral whereby a beam of light shines through a round window on the south side of the nave and, precisely at noon on March 25, lands on the same spot every year: on top of a shelf affixed to a pylon on the opposite side of the church. This shelf rests on a marble egg, a symbol of birth and new life. In 1750 the first day of the new year was officially changed to January 1, but this event is still celebrated every year accompanied by solemn religious and civic celebrations.
The lamp at the center of the nave is called Galileo's lamp, because a legend says that the great scientist formulated his theory of isochronism of the pendulum while watching its oscillations from the roof of the nave. The original, however, smaller and very different than this one, is found today in the Camposanto.
On the north side, to the left side of the facade in front of the Camposanto at about eye level, is an original piece of Roman marble (as testified to by its decoration that can still in part be seen), on which are a series of small black marks. Legend says that these marks were left by the devil when he climbed up to the dome attempting to stop its construction, and so they are referred to as the scratches of the devil. (The legend also says that out of spite the number of scratches always changes when counted.)
Legend has it that the amphora placed on a small column on the right side of the apse was used by Christ at the wedding feast of Cana when he turned water into wine.
Pope Gregory VIII is buried in the cathedral.
(Wikipedia)
Die Piazza dei Miracoli (italienisch Platz der Wunder), wie die Piazza del Duomo im Volksmund auch genannt wird, ist der Domplatz der toskanischen Stadt Pisa. Der Name stammt vom italienischen Dichter und Schriftsteller Gabriele D’Annunzio. Er beschrieb in seinem Buch Forse che sì forse che no den Platz als Wiese der Wunder. Die Piazza dei Miracoli ist eine Grünfläche nahe der Stadtbefestigung im nordwestlichen Teil der Altstadt. Die dezentrale Lage am Rande des Historischen Stadtkerns ist ungewöhnlich. Auf dem Platz steht das berühmte Ensemble, bestehend aus dem Baptisterium als größte Taufkirche der Welt, dem Friedhof Camposanto Monumentale und dem kreuzförmigen Dom Santa Maria Assunta mit seinem Campanile, dem Schiefen Turm. Sie gehören zu den Meisterwerken der mittelalterlichen Architektur und hatten einen großen Einfluss auf die monumentalen Kunst in Italien vom 11. bis zum 14. Jahrhundert. Seit 1987 gehört der Platz zum UNESCO-Welterbe.
(Wikipedia)
Der Schiefe Turm von Pisa (italienisch Torre pendente di Pisa) ist das wohl bekannteste geneigte Gebäude der Welt und Wahrzeichen der Stadt Pisa in Italien.
Der Turm war als freistehender Glockenturm (Campanile) für den Dom in Pisa geplant. 12 Jahre nach der Grundsteinlegung am 9. August 1173, im Jahr 1185, als der Bau bei der dritten Etage angelangt war, begann sich der Turmstumpf in Richtung Südosten zu neigen. Daraufhin ruhte der Bau rund 100 Jahre. Die nächsten vier Stockwerke wurden dann mit einem geringeren Neigungswinkel als dem bereits bestehenden gebaut, um die Schieflage auszugleichen. Danach musste der Bau nochmals unterbrochen werden, bis 1372 auch die Glockenstube vollendet war.
Der Grund für seine Schieflage liegt in dem Untergrund aus lehmigem Morast und Sand, der sich unter dem Gewicht verformt. Neuesten Ausgrabungen zufolge steht der Turm am Rande einer ehemaligen Insel direkt neben einem antiken, zur Bauzeit bereits versandeten Hafenbecken. Die Schieflage des Turms beträgt nach dem Ende der Sanierungsarbeiten rund vier Grad, entsprechend einer Auslenkung an der Spitze von 3,9 m (bei rund 55,8 m Höhe). Im Inneren des Turmes hängt ein Pendel, das oben in der Mitte befestigt ist und durch die Schieflage unten beinahe die Seitenwand berührt.
Der Legende nach hat der aus Pisa stammende Galileo Galilei bei Fallversuchen vom Turm die Fallgesetze entdeckt.
Im Jahre 1987 wurde das Ensemble auf der Piazza del Duomo aus dem Turm, dem Dom, dem Baptisterium und dem Camposanto von der UNESCO zum Weltkulturerbe erklärt.
Architektur
Der 56 Meter hohe und 12 Meter durchmessende Campanile besteht aus 14.500 Tonnen weißen Carrara-Marmors und hat sieben Glocken, die aber längere Zeit wegen der Einsturzgefahr nicht läuten durften. Er sollte der Höhepunkt der ganzen Anlage der Piazza dei Miracoli sein. Er unterscheidet sich von den üblichen quadratischen Türmen Mittelitaliens und steht in einem großen Gegensatz zu den spitz zulaufenden Türmen des nördlichen Europa. Er ruht auf einem spiralförmigen Fundament aus 700 m³ Bruchstein und Mörtel. Neben dem Eingang sind Monat und Jahr des Baubeginns eingemeißelt: August 1173. In Urkunden wird jedoch stets 1174 genannt, denn für die Pisaner begann nach damaligem Kalender das neue Jahr bereits am 25. März. Giorgio Vasari bezeichnete Bonanno Pisano und einen gewissen Guglielmo als ursprüngliche Architekten des Turms.
Der Campanile hatte – außer dass er die Glocken tragen sollte – noch eine andere Funktion. Bei äußerer Gefahr flüchtete damals der Klerus in den Turm. Maueröffnungen und -vorsprünge im Zylinderschacht machten es möglich, bei Bedarf in jedem Stockwerk Gebälk und Fußböden einzuziehen.
Jedes Stockwerk hat eine Tür hinaus auf die Säulengalerie, die aus jeweils 30 Säulen besteht. Auf der Südseite führen oben sechs Stufen zur Glockenstube hinauf, auf der Nordseite nur vier. Die Treppe zur obersten Aussichtsterrasse soll Brunelleschi inspiriert haben, einen ähnlichen Aufgang zur Laterne auf der Kuppel des Doms in Florenz zu bauen.
Vom 7. Januar 1990 an musste der 14.500 Tonnen schwere Turm für Besucher gesperrt werden, da die Schräglage zu gefährlich wurde. Es gab eine weltweite Aufforderung an Baustatiker, die besten Lösungen zur Stabilisierung auszuarbeiten und einzureichen.
Nach 13-jährigen Sanierungsmaßnahmen, bei denen der Turm wieder um 44 Zentimeter aufgerichtet wurde, ist er seit Dezember 2001 wieder für Touristen geöffnet. Besucher können gegen Entgelt den Turm in Gruppen von maximal 40 Besuchern für eine Dauer von 15 Minuten besteigen.
Der Schiefe Turm von Pisa ist nicht das schiefste Gebäude bzw. der schiefste Turm der Welt, wie häufig vermutet wird. Dennoch gehört er zu den schiefsten Bauwerken, die – aufrecht geplant – unabsichtlich in eine Schieflage geraten sind.
Glocken
Die sieben Kirchenglocken des Domes werden aus statischer Vorsicht nur noch mittels innenliegender elektromagnetischer Schlaghämmer angeschlagen, und zwar mittags um 12 Uhr und jeweils vor den Messen.
Zuvor wurden die Glocken entsprechend ihrer Namen liturgisch eingesetzt, so etwa die Terza zur Terz, der dritten Stunde des liturgischen Tages, also um 9 Uhr vormittags, oder die Vespruccio zur Vesper, 18 Uhr. Das Läuten erfolgte von Hand; an Festtagen wurden die Glocken voll – a slancio – ausgeschwungen.
Die kleinste Glocke von 1501, Vespruccio genannt, hat eine sehr schlanke, zuckerhutartige Form. Die Glocke Del Pozzo ist ein originalgetreuer Nachguss der Vorgängerin, 1606 von Nicolaus Castellum gegossen.
Sanierungsmaßnahmen
Versuche im Mittelalter, den Bau durch besondere Baumaßnahmen wie geneigte Böden sowie dünnere und leichtere Mauern auf der überhängenden Seite zu retten, zeigten keine ausreichende Wirkung, so dass von den ursprünglich geplanten 100 Metern Höhe nur 54 Meter gebaut wurden.
Seit dem Beginn exakter Messungen 1911 nahm die Neigung stetig zu, und die Rate der Zunahme verdoppelte sich von den 1930er-Jahren bis 1990. In diesem Jahr betrug die jährliche Zunahme der Neigung 6 Bogensekunden. Außerdem zeigte die Vermessung, dass es sich um eine Rotationsbewegung handelte, wobei das Zentrum des Kreises in Höhe des Bodens der ersten Galerie senkrecht über dem Mittelpunkt des Turms auf Bodenebene liegt, der selbst keine vertikale Bewegung ausführte. Bei zwei heftigen Starkregenereignissen konnte 1995 eine Neigungszunahme in der Größenordnung einer Bogensekunde in wenigen Stunden festgestellt werden. Daraus wurde geschlossen, dass die Ursache nicht – wie üblicherweise angenommen – im Kriechen der weichen marinen Tonschicht (Horizont B ab einer Tiefe von etwa 10 m bis zu einer Tiefe von 40 m, wo Horizont C mit dichtem marinen Sand beginnt) lag, sondern an dem darüberliegenden Horizont A (Sand, sandige und tonige Schluffe), in der regelmäßig im September bis Dezember auftretende Unwetter mit heftigen Niederschlägen eine verstärkte Rotationsbewegung auslösten.
Seit der vorübergehenden Schließung 1990 waren diverse Sanierungsmaßnahmen unternommen worden. Im Mai 1992 wurde der Campanile mit Stahlreifen im zweiten Geschoss gesichert, da sich dort gefährliche Risse im tragenden Marmor gezeigt hatten. Insgesamt wurden 18 dieser Reifen angebracht. Zusätzlich wurden im Juli 1993 im Fundament 600 Tonnen Bleibarren als Gegengewicht auf der Nordseite eingelagert. Dadurch konnte die Schieflage des Turmes 1993 um eine Bogenminute verringert werden. 1995 wurden weitere Sanierungsmaßnahmen (Bodenvereisung und Stahlkabel-Verankerung) durchgeführt, da man die Bleigewichte als störend empfand. In der Folge erhöhte sich dabei allerdings die Neigung. Daraufhin wurde die höhere Seite des Fundaments an seinem Vorsprung außen am Turm im September 1995 erneut, diesmal mit 900 Tonnen Bleibarren, beschwert (siehe Bild), was die Neigung stoppte.
Ein Komitee internationaler Fachleute, das über die Sanierungsmaßnahmen des Turmes befinden sollte (1990 bis 2001 unter Leitung von Michele Jamiolkowski), konnte sich auf keine bestimmten Maßnahmen festlegen und wurde deshalb zum Ende 1996 von der italienischen Regierung aufgelöst. Nach dem großen Erdbeben vom September 1997 wurde das Komitee jedoch wieder eingesetzt. Man einigte sich im Herbst 1998 mehrheitlich auf eine neue Maßnahme zur Sanierung des Campanile, die sogenannte Bodenextraktions-Methode (geplant von John Burland nach einer Idee des Ingenieurs Fernando Terracina aus dem Jahr 1962). Dazu wurden im folgenden Jahr schräge Löcher in den Boden (Tiefe rund 4 bis 5 m, innerhalb von Horizont A) unter dem nördlichen Teil des Turmes gebohrt, so dass etwa 50 m³ Material entfernt wurde. Das Erdreich sackte langsam nach, schließlich auch der Boden des Turmes, und der ganze Turm richtete sich zunehmend nach Norden auf. Die Gesamtneigung des Turmes wurde von 5,5 Grad vor dem Beginn der Sanierungsarbeiten (um 1990) auf etwa vier Grad verringert. Damit ist der Turm voraussichtlich für die nächsten 300 Jahre gesichert. Nach dem Abschluss der Sanierungsmaßnahmen wurde der Turm am 15. Dezember 2001 wieder zur Besichtigung freigegeben.
Zur Sicherung während dieser Arbeiten wurde der Turm 1998 mit zwei starken Stahlseilen von 103 Metern Länge so befestigt, dass er nicht durch unerwartete Bewegungen einstürzen konnte.
Bei Bauarbeiten zur Sicherung des Gebäudes ist eine alte Römerstraße entdeckt worden, die noch in alten Plänen verzeichnet war, außerdem ein mittelalterliches Grab samt vollständigem Skelett.
(Wikipedia)
Der Dom Santa Maria Assunta (italienisch Cattedrale Metropolitana Primaziale di Santa Maria Assunta) ist eine Kirche in Pisa, zu der der weltweit berühmte Schiefe Turm von Pisa gehört. Sie ist die Kathedrale des Erzbistums Pisa.
Der Dom steht auf dem weitläufigen Rasenplatz der Piazza del Duomo, auf dem sich auch die drei dazugehörenden Bauwerke Baptisterium, Camposanto Monumentale und der Campanile („Der Schiefe Turm von Pisa“) befinden. Dieser Platz wurde vom Dichter D’Annunzio als Piazza dei Miracoli (Platz der Wunder) bezeichnet und wird noch heute so genannt. Trotz einer Bauzeit von über 200 Jahren wurde durch den gleichbleibenden Baustoff Carrara-Marmor und die einheitliche Fassadengestaltung ein zusammenhängendes Bild geschaffen. Der Dom wurde zum Vorbild für spätere Dombauten wie z. B. in Florenz und Siena und galt jahrhundertelang als monumentalster Bau der christlichen Geschichte.
Papst Gelasius II. weihte 1118 den damals noch unvollendeten Dom ein. Er trägt das Patrozinium der Himmelfahrt Mariens.
Baugeschichte
Buscheto di Giovanni Giudice begann mit dem Bau des Doms im Jahre 1063 auf dem Schwemmboden vor der alten Stadtmauer. Finanziert wurde das Bauwerk mit den im gleichen Jahr von den Sarazenen vor Palermo eroberten Schätzen. Durch den weichen Untergrund sank auch der Dom im Osten leicht ein. Die kreuzförmige Grundfläche des Doms war zu diesem Zeitpunkt in Italien neu. Über der Vierung der fünfschiffigen Basilika mit dem dreischiffigen Querhaus erhebt sich eine elliptische Kuppel mit einem oktogonalen Ansatz. Sie wurde erst 1380 durch Lupo di Gante und Puccio di Gadduccio im gotischen Stil nachträglich hinzugefügt.
Die Fassade wurde am Ende des 12. Jahrhunderts von Rainaldo geschaffen und wurde als Pisaner Romanik in der gesamten Toskana zum Vorbild. Bei der westlichen Fassade erheben sich über den sieben Blendarkadenbögen im Erdgeschoss mit seinen drei Portalen vier Galerien mit insgesamt 52 Säulen. Auf dem Giebel der 35,5 m breiten und 34,2 m hohen Fassade steht eine Madonna mit Kind von Andrea Pisano. An ihrer Seite stehen Engel, die zusammen mit den beiden Evangelisten auf der ersten Galerie durch Schüler von Giovanni Pisano entstanden. Das mittlere Portal ist dem Leben Marias gewidmet. Im linken Bogen der Fassade ist das Grab des ersten Dombaumeisters Buscheto mit einer antiken Sarkophagspolie und einer langen Huldigung in die Wand eingefasst.
Die drei Bronzetore aus dem 17. Jahrhundert ersetzen die von Bonanno Pisano geschaffenen Tore von 1180, die bei einem schweren Feuer 1595 zerstört wurden. Die neuen Türen mit umfangreichen Reliefszenen wurden bis 1602 durch Schüler Giambolognas, Francavilla, Mocchi und Tacca, in loser Anlehnung an das alte Vorbild gegossen. Die Porta di San Ranieri am südlichen Seitenschiff ist dem Campanile zugewandt. Hier ist das restaurierte Original des Meisters Bonanno Pisano von 1186 noch erhalten. Es ist nach dem Schutzpatron Pisas benannt und stellt u. a. Szenen aus dem Leben Christi dar.
Am gesamten Gebäude findet man vielfach zusammenhanglose Zeichen auf den Außenwänden. Der Grund dafür liegt darin, dass man antike Baumaterialien wiederverwendete oder Materialien aus eroberten Städten holte.
Datierungsprobleme
Im Hinblick auf die Datierung des Baus und die historische Herleitung ihrer einzelnen Bauformen gibt es in der Forschung seit langem unterschiedliche Ansichten. Eine verbreitete Theorie nennt konkrete Zahlen und die Namen verschiedener Baumeister. Andere Kunsthistoriker halten diese Geschichten für bereits im Mittelalter erfundene Legenden.
Nach der ersten Theorie war der Seesieg bei Palermo über die damals im Mittelmeer herrschenden Sarazenen im Jahr 1063 Anlass zum Bau der Gesamtanlage. In Venedig spielten diese sarazenischen Seeräuber ebenfalls eine Rolle. Auch dort war die Abwendung dieser Gefahr Anlass gewesen, den Markusdom neu zu bauen, und zwar im selben Jahr 1063, in dem die Anlage in Pisa möglicherweise begonnen wurde. Auch die Pisaner hatten durch diesen Seesieg reiche Beute gemacht und den Ertrag zur Glorifizierung ihrer Stadt genutzt; Pisa war im 11. Jahrhundert die mächtigste Stadt der Toskana.
Nach der zweiten Ansicht ist lediglich erwiesen, dass im Jahr 1118 die Kathedrale im Bau befindlich war. Das sei das einzige zuverlässige Datum. Man habe damals die eher zufällige Anwesenheit des Papstes Gelasius II. genutzt, um eine angemessene Weihe zu vollziehen. Der Bau musste für diesen Fall schon weit genug fortgeschritten gewesen sein, so dass sich die angesetzten Entstehungszeiten der beiden Theorien nicht wesentlich unterscheiden.
Die Kathedrale gehört zusammen mit dem Markusdom in Venedig zu den ersten Monumentalbauten des mittelalterlichen Italiens. Daher stellt sich die Frage, auf wen die entscheidenden Bauideen zurückgehen. Die Stadt Pisa popularisierte schon sehr früh eine eigene lokalpatriotische Version, die dem Baumeister die gesamte Anlage als geniale, völlig eigenständige Idee zuschrieb, ohne dass fremde Einflüsse eine Rolle spielten. Demzufolge soll der erste Baumeister der Kathedrale Buscheto gewesen sein, über den nur sehr wenig bekannt ist. Vasari berichtet in seinen Vite, "Busketos" sei griechischer Herkunft gewesen – also kein geborener Pisaner. Dies wird mancherorts bestritten und vor allem lokal dadurch unterstrichen, dass man ihn „Buscheto Pisano“ nennt. Belegt ist seine Eigenschaft als Prokurator der Pfarre und als Mitglied der Dombauhütte.
Keine Einigkeit besteht in der Forschung, wer die Idee zu der Kathedrale hatte und was seine stilistischen Vorbilder waren. Pisa hatte – wie Venedig – als Seemacht intensive Handelsbeziehungen im östlichen Mittelmeer. Deshalb liegt es nahe, dass die östliche Baukunst hier Einfluss ausüben konnte. Auf jeden Fall war der Baumeister mit dem byzantinischen Kulturraum vertraut. Seine Baukunst nimmt Anleihen auf bei persischen Moscheen und bei frühchristlichen Kirchen in Armenien und Georgien. Zudem vereint sie Elemente der italienischen Romanik mit Motiven aus der Stadtmauer von Kairouan. Inschriften im Dom belegen die Mitarbeit von Heiden: Türken, Afrikanern, Persern und Chaldäern.
Auch wenn sich die Bauzeit des Pisaner Doms lange hinzog, ist der Gesamteindruck einheitlich. Der ersten Theorie zufolge verlief die weitere Entwicklung folgendermaßen: Vor Fertigstellung des Doms habe der neue Baumeister Rainaldus um 1100 den ursprünglichen Grundriss geändert. Er ließ das Langhaus verlängern, den Obergaden erhöhen – die ursprüngliche Höhe ist noch am Querhaus erkennbar – und das untere Geschoss der Fassade errichten. Vollendet worden soll der Bau bis 1160 durch den Innsbrucker Meister Wilhelm gen. Guglielmus (auch Guilielmus)., der um diese Zeit auch die erste Kanzel für den Dom schuf.
Rechts über dem mittleren Portal der Westfassade sind zwei Inschriften in die Wand eingelassen, deren erste Rainaldo als Bauherrn rühmen. Als demütige Replik folgt ein Bibelzitat aus der Vulgata (Psalm 21, Vers 22):
Hoc opus eximium tam mirum tam pretiosum
Rainaldus prudens operator et ipse magister
constituit mire sollerter et ingeniose
De ore leonis libera me domine et
a cornibus unicornium humilitatem meam
Dieses hervorragende Werk, ebenso wunderbar wie kostspielig,
errichtete Rainald, der kluge Erbauer und selbst [Bau]meister,
in wundervoller, kunstvoller und erfinderischer Weise.
Aus dem Rachen des Löwen befreie mich, o Herr,
und von den Hörnern der Einhörner meine Niedrigkeit.
Bedeutung der Fassade für die Datierung
Die Westfassade des Doms stellt für die abendländische Architekturgeschichte eine entscheidende Neuerung dar, den Übergang von der glatten Wand zur plastisch gestalteten Schaufläche. Daher ist auch die Frage ihrer genauen Datierung wichtig, denn ähnlich gestaltete Fassaden wurden auch andernorts gebaut, etwa in Lucca an der Kathedrale San Martino, dessen Baumeister Guidetto da Como, der auch in Pisa tätig war, auf der Fassade mit dem Datum 1204 verewigt wurde.
Die kritischere zweite Theorie akzeptiert lediglich, dass in der zweiten Hälfte des 12. Jahrhunderts im Westen des Hauptschiffes drei Joche angefügt und die heutige Fassade begonnen wurden. Namen werden in dieser Theorie nicht genannt. Demnach könnte die gesamte Fassade auch erst um 1200 fertig und möglicherweise von Anfang an in ihrer heutigen Form geplant gewesen sein. Andere Schätzungen nehmen sogar erst die Mitte des 13. Jahrhunderts an – also hundert Jahre nach dem Datierungszeitraum der ersten Theorie.
Trotzdem spricht viel dafür, dass man zwei verschiedene Phasen in der Entwicklung des Dekorationssystems unterscheiden kann. Die ursprüngliche Konzeption hätte demnach vorgesehen, die Außenmauern im Erdgeschoss durch folgende Elemente zu gliedern: erstens durch Blendbögen, sodann durch waagerechte Streifen aus farbigem Marmor – nach dem Vorbild des Baptisteriums in Florenz – und durch eingelegte Ornamente und Medaillons. Dieses Schema gilt für das ganze Kathedraläußere, an den Seitenwänden auch für die oberen Geschosse. Doch in den über dem Erdgeschoß liegenden Etagen der Westfassade übertraf man diesen Formenreichtum noch um ein Vielfaches. Statt flächiger Aufblendung ließ man in vier Galerien übereinander eine plastische Dekorationsschicht aus Säulen und verzierten Bögen vor der eigentlichen Kirchenmauer deutlich hervortreten.
Legenden
Im Hauptschiff hängt ein bronzener Leuchter von Vincenzo Possenti aus dem Jahre 1587, der Entwurf stammt aber von Giovanni Battista Lorenzi. Es gibt die Geschichte, dass an dem Leuchter Galileo Galilei die Gesetze der Pendelschwingung gefunden haben soll. Sollte es ein Leuchter in dieser Kirche gewesen sein, der ihn auf das Gesetz brachte, kann es allerdings nicht dieser Leuchter gewesen sein, da Galileo Galilei das Gesetz um 1584 veröffentlicht hat.
Zwischen dem nördlichen Seitenschiff und der westlichen Fassade findet man an der Außenwand des Doms an einem Pfeiler einen Stein mit vielen schwarzen Punkten. Von diesem Stein erzählt man sich, dass er vom Teufel sei. Zählt man zweimal hintereinander die Punkte nach, so kommt man jeweils auf ein anderes Ergebnis.
(Wikipedia)
Machu Picchu 20221127
Machu Picchu sits in an impressive geographical area full of mountains. One of its characteristics is its beautiful and solid architecture that has kept it in good condition after more than 600 years. Its walls have an anti-seismic inclination that better resist telluric movements. Its windows and niches are polished to amazing perfection. The entire architectural complex harmonizes with the landscape. Currently, the Inca city is recognized as one of the 7 wonders of the modern world.Machu Picchu was built in the midst of the Inca expansion, under the command of Emperor Pachacutec in 1450, approximately.
For the execution of such a majestic work, the work of thousands of men from the peoples recently conquered by the empire, who were called ‘mitimaes’, was needed.
The construction of Machu Picchu obeys a dominating and commercial desire with the peoples of the jungle region.
The place was chosen for its scenic beauty, the strategic commercial point, the high location for proper surveillance but, it should be noted, for the presence of a large stone bench ideal for the construction of walls, enclosures and terraces. Even today it is possible to appreciate the stones that were used for the construction of the Inca city.
Before starting any building, the Incas made sketches, plans, scale models and models using measurement systems, such as: arms, elbows, feet, steps, spans, etc.
Machupicchu was planned to house between 300 and 1000 people. To supply themselves, they built a large chain of platforms as well as paths that connected them with other important sites and more groups of platforms. Today, a part of this route is known as the famous ‘Inca Trail’.
the moment of equinox is 16:57 universal time thursday march 20th
so its at 12:57 on the east coast of the americas and 9:57 on the west
here's here's how to find the time where YOU are, relative to universal time
(its at dawn here in hawai'i :)
may this moment of earth's perfect balance in darkness and in light bring its harmonizing grace to each of us *
rays of warmth to You, dear friends ~~
≈ ❀ ≈
A man receiving blessing from high monks after his food offering...Blessing came in the form of an harmonized tune.
To see my scenic shots only : CLICK HERE.
Truong Sanh Residence is a historically significant architectural complex located within the broader system of royal structures associated with the Nguyen Dynasty in Hue. Unlike palaces used for official ceremonies or royal governance, Truong Sanh Residence reflects the private living, spiritual, and cultural aspects of royal life, offering visitors a deeper understanding of how Nguyen emperors and royal family members balanced daily life, beliefs, and nature.
Nestled in a quiet setting that harmonizes with the surrounding landscape, Truong Sanh Residence stands as a subtle symbol of longevity, peace, and continuity, values deeply rooted in Eastern philosophy and Confucian thought.
At the Venice Biennial, Boursier-Mougenot represents France with a spellbinding presentation in the Giardini that has received too little notice in the press. Organized by curator Emma Lavigne, director of the Centre Pompidou-Metz, the work echoes at once with the mythical and with a strain of modern science.
A large Scotch pine tree dominates the central room of the neoclassical French pavilion. It rests atop a hulking ball of dirt and roots, and, equipped with motors, it moves idly around the room, its movements resulting from a reading of electrical signals in the plants. A gentle electronic hum sounds in the space, its frequencies derived from the same signals. Two similar trees occupy the grounds, harmonizing with those that line the walkways between the national pavilions.
Boursier-Mougenot has a weakness for overly clever titles. Admittedly, maybe something is lost in translation, but this project is called rêvolutions, which combines the French word for dream, rêve, with révolutions to suggest, clunkily to my ear, a dream-revolution. (He dubbed from here to ear a work that turns an exhibition space into an aviary, as a flock of colorful finches perch on the amplified electric guitars and basses displayed so that their necks are horizontal, like tree branches.)
The artist had the glass removed from the pavilion’s skylights, rendering the interior open to the elements. When I arrived last weekend, it was just after a downpour, and the sun had re-emerged, so that the tree shimmered with the light on the rainwater as a few attendants mopped the floor.
The trees’ transformation recalls in reverse the myth of Apollo and Daphne. When the nymph Daphne appeals to her father, a god, to protect her from Apollo’s amorous advances, he turns her into a laurel tree. Lavigne further cites Francesco Colonna novel The Dream of Poliphilus and Primo Levi’s short story Dysphylaxis as literary parallels for the metamorphosis of trees. And for the artist, the trees’ movement in the space between the national pavilions symbolizes people’s free travel among countries, and has resonance with the movement of refugees.
(Artnet.com)
I found myself thinking about the differences between photographing with black and white film versus with color film. Over the years I have shifted more toward the use of b&w film. Whereas a decade ago I was probably 75-25 in favor of color, these days it is probably closer to a 50-50 split.
I suppose I could say there are several reasons why I enjoy using black and white film. Part of it is always going to be the fact that I see in color and therefore black and white film sees a different world than I am able to. I appreciate that. But I also that by stripping out the color in an image, or looking past the color I should say, the attention that gets paid to what remains is pleasing. I like noticing scale and texture, or light and shadow. I like the sense of timelessness that comes with b&w.
But I really think it is about the simpler nature of b&w, which is not the same as saying it is simple. It is anything but really. But the world does become a bit simpler in some way I struggle to describe when viewed in shades of gray. It is quieter too in a sense. Or... I dunno, maybe more peaceful. Color is so often louder. Not that contrast cannot be equally loud, but at least a contrasty b&w image only has one loud voice clamoring for attention.
Anyway, I was browsing through my images curating a selection for a project and this image of Comet Falls jumped out at me because I had this train of thoughts on repeat in the background of my brain. This image harmonized with those thoughts and in its own ways demonstrates some of the qualities I love about b&w film.
Hasselblad 500C
Kodak Tri-X
It is literally known as "source of the lake " in Bhutia language. Just about 40 kms. away from Gangtok, the capital of the state, this serene lake is situated at an altitude of 12,000 ft on the Gangtok Nathu La highway. It falls in the restricted area and hence an inner line permit is required by Indians to visit this place. Foreign nationals are not permitted to visit this lake without special permission. The lake is about 1 km. Long, oval in shape, 15 meters deep and is considered sacred by the local people. It is also a home of brahminy ducks. It's cool, placid water harmonizes with the scenic beauty around. A small temple of lord Siva is constructed on the lakeside . This placid lake remains frozen during the winter months up to mid-May.
Between May and August it is possible to see a variety of flowers in blooms, including the rhododendrons, various species of primulas, blue and yellow poppies, irises etc. It is also an ideal habitat for the red panda and various species of birds.
If travel is searching
And home has been found
I'm not stopping
I'm going hunting
I'm the hunter
I'll bring back the goods
But I don't know when
I thought I could organize freedom
How Scandinavian of me
~en-cha-le-li~
~en-cha-le~
You sussed it out, didn't you ?
yeah!
You could smell it
So you left me on my own
To complete the mission
Now I'm leaving it all behind
I'm Going hunting
I'm the hunter, I'm the hunter
I'm going hunting
I'm the hunter Ooooohhh... I'm the hunter
I'm the hunter Ooooohhh... I'm the hunter
I'm ... the ... hunter...
Ooooohhh... Ooooohhh... Ooooohhh... Ooooohhh...
(Hunter- Björk)
„The light of love, the purity of grace, The mind, the music breathing from her face, 19 The heart whose softness harmonized the whole,— And oh, that eye was in itself a soul!“ — George Gordon Byron, book The Bride of Abydos Canto I, Stanza 6; this can be compared to: "The bloom of young Desire and purple light of Love", Thomas Gray, The Progress of Poesy I. 3, line 16; also: "Oh, could you view the melody / Of every grace / And music of her face", Richard Lovelace, Orpheus to Beasts; "There is music in the beauty, and the silent note which Cupid strikes, far sweeter than the sound of an instrument", Thomas Browne, Religio Medici, Part ii, Section ix. The Bride of Abydos (1813)
Source: quotepark.com/quotes/995841-george-gordon-byron-the-light...
Puente del Kursaal, Donostia, Guipúzcoa, España.
Puente de tramos rectos de hormigón armado, recubierto por piedra de Motrico y mármol rosa, con elementos decorativos de estilo modernista. Construido sobre grandes pilares, de donde arrancan las seis características farolas que contienen a esta obra su marcada personalidad.
A comienzos del siglo XX. El ayuntamiento apoya la construcción de un tercer puente sobre el Urumea "en el que se armonicen la solidez y la resistencia con la monumentalidad y belleza del conjunto".
El ingeniero Ribera presentó al Ayuntamiento una importante modificación: el puente de la Zurriola, proyecto inicialmente con arcos, será construido con tramos rectos.
El 14 de Agosto de 1921 numerosísimo público acudió a la inauguración.
El barandado metálico y los obeliscos que hacen de farolas son obra de Victor Arana. Las cuatro esfinges de bronce pertenecen a la reforma de 1993. Tienen 120 metros de largo como el puente de Santa catalina con el que mantiene cierta armonía de líneas y es algo mayor que el Puente de María Cristina, de 100 metros.
Años de realización: 1918-1921
Autor: J.E.RIBERA
Bridge of straight sections of reinforced concrete, covered by motric stone and pink marble, with decorative elements of modernist style. Built on large pillars, from which the six characteristic lanterns that contain this work its marked personality.
At the beginning of the 20th century. The city council supports the construction of a third bridge over the Urumea "in which solidity and resistance are harmonized with the monumentality and beauty of the whole".
Engineer Ribera presented the City Council with an important modification: the Zurriola bridge, initially with arches, will be built with straight sections.
On August 14, 1921, a large audience attended the inauguration.
The metal balustrade and the obelisks that act as lampposts are the work of Victor Arana. The four bronze sphinxes belong to the 1993 reform. They are 120 meters long, like the Santa Catalina bridge, with which it maintains a certain harmony of lines and is somewhat larger than the María Cristina Bridge, which is 100 meters long.
Years of realization: 1918-1921
Author: J.E.RIBERA
Thai Seafood Spaghetti
The flavours were rich and delicate, like all great Thai cuisine here at Café de Palm. It was slightly sweet and quite spicy, harmonizing wonderfully with the shrimp, mussels and clams. Lots of garlic was used, and the black olives were a pleasing touch.
K-Iri is a duet of two singers, two voices harmonizing around their two favourite instruments, an acoustic guitar and a violin. The two young women, Sarah-Judith Kayiri from Burkina Faso and Iri Dimako from Ethiopia, met in Montreal in 2015. Kayiri and Iri blend their West African, Ethiopian and North American cultures. On the photo is Sarah-Judith Kayiri.
32. TMR 2019-04 July, P1220158, Kayiri and Iri (K-Iri) (FIJM 2019 day 8-No 32); Uploaded 02. October 2019.
She wasn't doing too bad. I asked why she'd chosen that Cuyp. 'I liked the evening colors on the cows'- fair enough. Using acrylics- she had all the colors harmonized together rather than mechanically copying colors in the work. Nice person. Gallery easel and metal stool.
© All rights reserved.
december09 - second advent.
520/ 105 / 310 / 1 gallery
Like dancers in some new dance, you each have your own motions, and though they may harmonize with the rest, they do not copy them.
This is one of the mistakes you keep making - that you expect a chorus line like the Rockettes.
Those times are past.
It is time to look at the picture from a wider perspective and see the harmony in your differences.
A play where all characters are the same and want the same things would be boring,
no one would stay to receive the message, if there was a message to receive.
You have a common intent.
The intent is to expand this consciousness, this energy you play with so that it becomes visible and to a greater degree, acceptable to an increasing number of people.
This cannot be done as a monolith.
It is not necessary to like each other, although some of you will.
It is not necessary to form strong physical bonds with everyone although some will do that as well - it is part of the drama.
BUT if the drama is to attract attention it must be intense, riveting, with periods of joy, laughter and relaxation as well.
No more is needed than this, and you might look at your cast of characters and see whether you have the ingredients for such a drama.
I believe you will find that you do.
~Jane Roberts channeled by G ~
One of my favorite perches sits down a local side road. The coloring on the post harmonizes with the color of the bird, and the color of the weeping willow in the background.
Acropoli - Propilei.
Qui cominciamo ad assaporare la vera bellezza dell’Acropoli. Sono l’ingresso monumentale alla spianata ed erano formati da un atrio centrale con due ali ai lati: Pinacoteca a sinistra e portico a destra.
Il corpo centrale prevedeva all’esterno 6 colonne doriche altissime simili a quelle del Partenone e all’interno altre colonne ma ioniche.
Il progettista, Mnesicle, riuscì quindi ad armonizzare questi due stili architettonici.
Acropolis - Propylaea.
Here we begin to savor the true beauty of the Acropolis. They are the monumental entrance to the esplanade and were made up of a central atrium with two wings on the sides: the art gallery on the left and the portico on the right.
The central body had 6 very high Doric columns on the outside similar to those of the Parthenon and other Ionic columns on the inside.
The designer, Mnesicle, therefore managed to harmonize these two architectural styles.
_MG_3211m
Miles and miles of drystone wall crisscross the fields and mountains of the Lake District. The craftsmanship involved in making the walls, not to mention the enormous volume of stone required, is remarkable. The stone harmonizes with the landscape and makes for an attractive juxtaposition of the natural and the man-made that is all too rare.
The Mahkama du Pacha, a parliamentary building that not only houses the court of justice but also serves as a reception area for state occasions.
The main problem with the Mahkama du Pacha as a tourist attraction is that, because it is in regular use, it can be difficult or impossible to gain access to the interiors of the building. Still, it is a great place to make a stop and take a few pictures as the building features some impressive architecture. Apparently construction of the Mahkama du Pacha commenced in 1948 and ended in 1952, and the architectural style of the building shows strong Moorish influences. The name of the building can be loosely translated as ‘Pasha’s courthouse’, which is appropriate considering the function of the building. If you are fortunate enough to gain entry, you will discover a wonderful variety of rich furnishings and finishes. The ceiling is made of carved cedar wood that harmonizes perfectly with the chiseled stucco and polychrome mosaics which can be found decorating the interiors. There are also white, marble columns and rigid geometric designs which add the finishing touches to an already unimaginably graceful interior.
Clearly, such a well designed, built and finished building is ideal for use as a state reception room and a court of justice. The building is also sometimes referred to as the ‘Prefecture of Habouss’ and it is definitely worth viewing – even if only from the outside.
SCUBA diving is sensual. To breathe underwater is one of the most fascinating and peculiar sensations imaginable. Breathing becomes a rhythmic melody of inhalations and exhalations. The cracks and pops of fish and crustaceans harmonize with the rhythmic chiming of the bubbles as you exhale. Soon, lungs act as bellows, controlling your buoyancy as you achieve weightlessness. And, as in your dreams, you are flying. Combine these otherworldly stimuli and you surrender completely to the sanctuary of the underwater world.
TEC CLARK, forward, Karen Berger's Scuba Diving
Cosenza, located in Southern Italy's Calabria region, showcases charming historical architecture with terracotta rooftops and stone buildings nestled in lush greenery. The scene is set against a backdrop of rolling hills and distant mountains. Verdant landscapes dominate, with trees and olive groves interspersed among buildings. The area appears tranquil and picturesque, characterized by narrow winding streets. The architecture reflects traditional Italian design, harmonizing with the natural surroundings, which under a partly cloudy sky, presents a serene and idyllic view.
By now everyone knows that I like colour. (Also love B&W.) This scene offered me some great colours to work from.I took my time in both composing and in processing this one.
The sand in the foreground harmonizes nicely with the trees in full Autumnal colour and is important in the composition in my opinion . Important for me, but maybe not for others is the old barn in the distance framed by the red arch. The puddle, with the leaf is an important element as it is different. I have certainly spent time photographing the spray park in the past, but this i likely my favourite capture of the area.
Two clicks to the best detail :)