View allAll Photos Tagged gallbladder
my doctor is running a little experiment with my gallbladder which means i need to cut WAY back on my fat intake (a painful prospect for a girl who thrives on whole, raw milk and butter). i couldn't figure out how to cook my eggs today without fat of some kind (besides boiling them but...blech). i relented to soft-boiling them, but then found the poached eggs recipe in nourishing traditions, and thought i'd give it a shot even though i've never poached an egg before. not nearly as tasty as fried eggs, but not too bad either.
I had a patient (let's call her Delilah) who stole another patient's identity (call her Lily). Delilah contacted Lily and got to know her. They became friends. Delilah convinced Lily that I was soon to divorce my wife and marry her, Delilah, since she was pregnant with my child. Furthermore, we were moving to London and setting up a practice there and we had talked and decided that we would like to offer Lily the job of office manager. No need to talk with me since Delilah was handling all the arrangements.
I found out about this when Lily, suitcase and child in hand, called my office from Heathrow Airport asking where the driver was who was to pick her up. She had sold pretty much everything she had and what she hadn't sold, Delilah electronically emptied into her pockets. Delilah was a travel agent and so had gotten all Lily's credit card information in the deal. This is a true story, and not the only story I could tell you about Delilah's wily ways. She has since disappeared having skipped bail.
I have a friend who says that he wears titanium armor most of the time. Very few people get to see what is in his heart--too painful, personal, scary. I relate to that. What is a bit weird about that is that what is in my heart is hardly ever scandalous--it is just full of feelings. Anytime I have honestly shared a feeling with an aware, safe person, it is met with grace.
My thoughts and ideas on the other hand...different world up in my brain. I can generate the most ridiculous fantasies, from murders to menage a trois, within instants, and they pass through the revolving door of my consciousness, often not staying long--sometimes staying long enough to get to be a regular.
I think many people mistake their thoughts for their feelings. We assume that our crazy (read: human) thoughts have to be revealed in order to be honest and knowable. I don't think so. My thoughts wander. A lot. They are in need of good editing and that is as it should be. You have yours, I have mine. We can share them when it feels fun/right/useful. Ultimately though, what you think, even what you think of me, is none of my business. But if I want you to "know" me, that involves opening up the world of my feelings. That is the part of me that needs to be seen in order for you to feel connected to me. That is my heart.
Example: if I come home from work and Rose asks about my day and I tell her that I did two hernias and a gallbladder and the bleeding was minimal and I think the patients will be fine, although the anatomy was a little unusual, that is a story that gets old if repeated--possibly even if told the first time. If I can muster the courage to say that I felt scared when I encountered anatomy I had never seen before during the gallbladder operation, and I had to draw on memories from my training years ago and that I was really relieved when it all worked out, but I was shaken to my core...that story has handles that Rose can latch on to to connect with me, to say she understands that feeling, has been there herself in this or that way. She has a place to then say she can be there for me if I want. You get the idea. The heart is where the handles are for the people we love to hold on to us.
The stories that our minds want to follow can lead us in crazy directions, even to the other side of the world, penniless and duped. Judging a person's character requires the combination of knowing their edited thoughts as well as what they can give you of their heart. Even in business decisions it is possible ( I think necessary) to look for the place of the heart as well as the mind. Both. I have gotten burned the other way as well, just following my desire for a good feeling or being suckered by someone making me feel good and turning my brain off. Balance both.
In my world, it starts with me, honestly opening a little chink in the titanium armor around the real me, the part that feels. Of course, my mind will do its usual cart wheels and you are welcome to join in that fun, but be looking for me to give you the juice. How will you know? I don't know. I guess like Judge Potter Stewart said while sitting on the Supreme Court and trying to define obscenity,
"I shall not today attempt further to define the kinds of material I understand to be embraced . . . but I know it when I see it."
photo: Sculpture Garden, New Orleans Museum Modern Art, 2009, Nikon D100, natural light
Go to the Book with image in the Internet Archive
Title: United States Naval Medical Bulletin Vol. XI No. 2, April 1917
Creator: U.S. Navy. Bureau of Medicine and Surgery
Publisher:
Sponsor:
Contributor:
Date: 1917-04
Language: eng
PREFACE.... .................... . .................... ............ ..... vii<br /><br />FRONTISPIECE - PORTRAIT OF JAMES MARKHAM AMBLER, PASSED ASSISTANT SURGEON, U.S. NAVY, MEDICAL OFFICER OF THE "JEANNETTE."<br /><br />SPECIAL ARTICLES:<br />THE INTRAVENOUS ADMINISTRATION OF CONCENTRATED SOLUTIONS OF SOLUBLE QUININ IN MALARIA AND HEMOGLOBINURIC FEVER.<br />By Surgeon A. D. McLean......................................... 135<br />REPORT OF CASES OF HEMOGLOBINURIA IN HAITI.<br />By Assistant Surgeons R. A. Torrance and F. H. Bowman. ... ....... 141<br />QUININ AND MALARIA.<br />By Assistant Surgeon W. H . Michael...... ........ ..... ............. 150<br />MECHANICAL DEVICES FOR VENTILATION AND AIR RENEWAL ON SUBMARINE "BALILLA."<br />Translated by Surgeon J. S. Taylor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156<br />A COMPLEMENT-FIXATION TEST FOR SYPHILIS USING HUMAN COMPLEMENT.<br />By Chief Nurse Sara B. Myer ............... 175<br />THE ADVISABILITY OF A MORE GENERAL USE OF THE WASSERMANN TEST IN THE SERVICE.<br />By Passed Assistant Surgeon G. F. Clark........ .. 177<br />WRIGHT'S SOLUTION IN CONJUNCTION WITH ARGYROL IN TREATMENT OF GONORRHEA.<br />By Passed Assistant Surgeon C. H. Dragoo...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179<br />THE INTRAVASCULAR INJECTION OF OXYGEN.<br />By Passed Assistant Surgeon J.J. A. McMullin..... .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . 181<br /><br />HISTORICAL:<br />THE PRIVATE JOURNAL OF JAMES MARKHAM AMBLER, M. D., PASSED ASSISTANT SURGEON, UNITED STATES NAVY, AND MEDICAL OFFICER OF THE ARCTIC EXPLORING STEAMER "JEANNETTE."<br />By Medical Director J. D. Gatewood.. . ............................ 183<br /><br />SUGGESTED DEVICES:<br />IODIZED CATGUT; DRYING, STERILIZING AND STORING.<br />By Nurse Mary M. Robinson..................... . .. ............... 219<br />A SIMPLE METHOD FOR FIXATION OF THE THORAX.<br />By Assistant Surgeon W. A. Brams... .............................. 220<br />AN ADJUSTABLE HEAD REST.<br />By Passed Assistant Surgeon C. B. Camerer.. ... . ............ ....... 221<br /><br />CLINICAL NOTES:<br />A CASE OF MEGACOLON.<br />By Passed Assistant Surgeon L. W. Johnson and Assistant Surgeon<br />C. B. Depping................................................. 223<br />THE ACCIDENTAL EXPLOSION OF A 6-POUNDER PROJECTILE WHILE HELD IN THE HAND.<br />By Passed Assistant Surgeon E. P. Huff.............. ..... . ........ 224<br />A CASE OF BICHLORIOD OF' MERCURY POISONING WITH SUICIDAL INTENT.<br />By Medical Director F. W. F. Wieber........... ...... ... .. ...... .. . 226<br />GONORRHEAL PROCTITIS. A REPORT OF TWO CASES.<br />By Assistant Surgeon W. W. Cress.............. ........ ............ 228<br /><br />PROGRESS IN MEDICAL SCIENCES:<br />GENERAL MEDICINE - Epidemiology of lobar pneumonia. by R. H. Laning. Local serumtherapy in suppurative serous sacs. Report of 75<br />cases of scabies cured with Ehlers' method. By J.A. Biello. Eczema of external origin and its relationship to dermatitis. The pathology and pathogenesis of eczema and dermatitis. By W. E. Eaton. Renal glycosuria.<br />By W. S. Pugh. The Sippy treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcer,<br />with report of case. A treatment for pruritus ani. Acute syphilitic meningitis.<br />A clinical consideration of migraine. Chronic duodenal indigestion in children. By E. Thompson and J. A. Randall. ......... 231<br />MENTAL AND NERVOUS DISEASES.-The psychology of malingering and<br />functional neuroses in peace and war. Dementia precox studies. By<br />D. G. Button. A contribution to the etiology of shell shock. The spinal<br />fluid syndromes of Nonne and Froin and their diagnostic significance.<br />Psychopathic laboratory, the Municipal Court of Chicago. By R.<br />Sheehan .......................................... ....... .... ... ... . 241<br />SURGERY. A battleship in action. By J. C. Pryor. A simple apparatus<br />for the use or iodin vapors in the treatment of gunshot wounds. By J. A.<br />Biello. The treatment of wounds in war by magnesium sulphate. By R. H. Laning. Differential roentgen diagnoses in bone diseases. By H. L. Gall. The mechanics of the stomach after gastroenterostomy. Indications and contraindications for cholecystectomy. Indications for cholecystectomy. Hemostasis by interposition of muscle, fat, and fascia in parenchymatous organs. The Carrel method of wound sterilization. Surgical experiences with encapsulated empyema and abscess of the lung; a plea for exploratory thoracotomy. By H.F. Strine ......... 246<br />HYGIENE AND SANITATION. - A. new method for the destruction of bacteria in large volumes of milk by means or electricity. The bacterial infection of fresh eggs. The velocity of the staling of bread. The staling of<br />bread from the physiological-chemical standpoint. The use of box rations by the French troops. By E.W. Brown. Comparison of methods for disinfecting swimming pools. By R. H. Laning.................. 255<br />TROPICAL MEDICINE. - A case of amebic abscess of the liver occurring 20<br />years after the original attack of dysentery. A note on the treatment of lamblia infections. Disappearance of malignant tertian crescents from the blood following the intravenous injection of tartar emetic. By E. R.Stitt...................................... .. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . 259<br />PATHOLOGY, BACTERIOLOGY, AND ANIMAL PARASITOLOGY - Easy method of doing Widal's reaction for typhoid. Mixed infection. By E. P. Huff. <br />Experimental observations on the pathogenesis of gallbladder infections in typhoid, cholera, and dysentery. A report on the use or stock vaccine in infection by the bacillus typhosis, with an analysis of 230 cases. The<br />bacteriology of pemphigus neonatorum. The etiology of acute epidemic<br />poliomyelitis. The numeric relationship of infection to the chemotherapy<br />of experimental trypanosomiasis. A study of experimental nonhemolytic streptococcus lesions in vitally stained rabbits. By C. S. Butler and R. H. Laning............................ . ............... 260<br />EYE, EAR, NOSE, AND THROAT . -Ocular anaphylaxis. Present status of<br />the operation for the extraction of cataract in the capsule. The relations of obstruction of the eustachian tube to local and systemic conditions and to prognosis regarding restoration or hearing. Relaitions of tonsillar and nasopharyngeal infections to general disorders. A resume of my year's work with suspension laryngoscopy. Nasal infection and deafness. The possibilities and limitations of nomsurgical bronchoscopic treatment. By E. J. Grow and G. B. Trible...... ... . .......... 266<br /><br />REPORTS:<br />THE USE OF PROPHYLACTIC SERA IN THE TURKISH ARMY.<br />By Passed Assistant Surgeon E. P. Huff.. . . . .. . . . .............. .. 271<br />OBSERVATIONS ON NAVAL AVIATION.<br />By Passed Assistant Surgeon G. F. Cottle..................... ..... 273<br />SANITARY NOTES FROM THE U.S.S. "HANNIBAL."<br />By Assistant Surgeon W.W. Hargrave............................ 274
If you have questions concerning reproductions, please contact the Contributing Library.
Note: The colors, contrast and appearance of these illustrations are unlikely to be true to life. They are derived from scanned images that have been enhanced for machine interpretation and have been altered from their originals.
Read/Download from the Internet Archive
These are starch granules, showing the characteristic "Maltese cross" pattern when placed between two crossed polarizers. Most likely from gloves in which corn starch powder was used as lubricant.
Substances with Maltese cross pattern under polarized light:
Starch (glove lubricant), lipid molecules (cholesterol esters)
Images contributed by Dr. Kevin Kuan - @kkuanMD
(+11 in cmnts) so yesterday was my first surgery ever. i had to get my gallbladder out because it wasn't really functioning very well. i was pretty nervous but it was over quick. the last thing i remember was them putting on the oxygen mask and then telling me it might burn a little from the anesthia going through me. then it was over with. although i do remember this iv hurting like hell. yesterday i was pretty sore afterwards. today i'm a bit better but still really sore so i've just been laying around. i'm hoping i'll be better for sunday & monday though! (final two days of 365). but i'm going to apologize for todays and possibly tomorrows 365(don't know how good it'll be) this was yesterdays 365. oh and of course pretty much all of last week before my surgery it was crappy weather and now it's been gorgeous. hoping it'll be that way until monday! *so much text sorry*
Oxidized regenerated cellulose (Surgicel®, Surgicel Absorbable Hemostat®, Spofax®, Stop Bleed® & others) is a hemostatic agent used in surgical procedures. Derived from plant material that undergoes oxidization. It's available in a variety of forms, including mesh, gauze, fibrillar tufts, powder, and sponges; all are absorbable. Foreign body reactions can occur if significant amounts are left in the wound.
1. Gallbladder
2-3. Ovarian cystadenoma
Images contributed by Dr. Amy H. Deeken - @AmyHDeekenMD
Other similar images can be found in this Atlas by using the SEARCH function.
Go to the Book with image in the Internet Archive
Title: United States Naval Medical Bulletin Vol. XI No. 2, April 1917
Creator: U.S. Navy. Bureau of Medicine and Surgery
Publisher:
Sponsor:
Contributor:
Date: 1917-04
Language: eng
PREFACE.... .................... . .................... ............ ..... vii<br /><br />FRONTISPIECE - PORTRAIT OF JAMES MARKHAM AMBLER, PASSED ASSISTANT SURGEON, U.S. NAVY, MEDICAL OFFICER OF THE "JEANNETTE."<br /><br />SPECIAL ARTICLES:<br />THE INTRAVENOUS ADMINISTRATION OF CONCENTRATED SOLUTIONS OF SOLUBLE QUININ IN MALARIA AND HEMOGLOBINURIC FEVER.<br />By Surgeon A. D. McLean......................................... 135<br />REPORT OF CASES OF HEMOGLOBINURIA IN HAITI.<br />By Assistant Surgeons R. A. Torrance and F. H. Bowman. ... ....... 141<br />QUININ AND MALARIA.<br />By Assistant Surgeon W. H . Michael...... ........ ..... ............. 150<br />MECHANICAL DEVICES FOR VENTILATION AND AIR RENEWAL ON SUBMARINE "BALILLA."<br />Translated by Surgeon J. S. Taylor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156<br />A COMPLEMENT-FIXATION TEST FOR SYPHILIS USING HUMAN COMPLEMENT.<br />By Chief Nurse Sara B. Myer ............... 175<br />THE ADVISABILITY OF A MORE GENERAL USE OF THE WASSERMANN TEST IN THE SERVICE.<br />By Passed Assistant Surgeon G. F. Clark........ .. 177<br />WRIGHT'S SOLUTION IN CONJUNCTION WITH ARGYROL IN TREATMENT OF GONORRHEA.<br />By Passed Assistant Surgeon C. H. Dragoo...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179<br />THE INTRAVASCULAR INJECTION OF OXYGEN.<br />By Passed Assistant Surgeon J.J. A. McMullin..... .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . 181<br /><br />HISTORICAL:<br />THE PRIVATE JOURNAL OF JAMES MARKHAM AMBLER, M. D., PASSED ASSISTANT SURGEON, UNITED STATES NAVY, AND MEDICAL OFFICER OF THE ARCTIC EXPLORING STEAMER "JEANNETTE."<br />By Medical Director J. D. Gatewood.. . ............................ 183<br /><br />SUGGESTED DEVICES:<br />IODIZED CATGUT; DRYING, STERILIZING AND STORING.<br />By Nurse Mary M. Robinson..................... . .. ............... 219<br />A SIMPLE METHOD FOR FIXATION OF THE THORAX.<br />By Assistant Surgeon W. A. Brams... .............................. 220<br />AN ADJUSTABLE HEAD REST.<br />By Passed Assistant Surgeon C. B. Camerer.. ... . ............ ....... 221<br /><br />CLINICAL NOTES:<br />A CASE OF MEGACOLON.<br />By Passed Assistant Surgeon L. W. Johnson and Assistant Surgeon<br />C. B. Depping................................................. 223<br />THE ACCIDENTAL EXPLOSION OF A 6-POUNDER PROJECTILE WHILE HELD IN THE HAND.<br />By Passed Assistant Surgeon E. P. Huff.............. ..... . ........ 224<br />A CASE OF BICHLORIOD OF' MERCURY POISONING WITH SUICIDAL INTENT.<br />By Medical Director F. W. F. Wieber........... ...... ... .. ...... .. . 226<br />GONORRHEAL PROCTITIS. A REPORT OF TWO CASES.<br />By Assistant Surgeon W. W. Cress.............. ........ ............ 228<br /><br />PROGRESS IN MEDICAL SCIENCES:<br />GENERAL MEDICINE - Epidemiology of lobar pneumonia. by R. H. Laning. Local serumtherapy in suppurative serous sacs. Report of 75<br />cases of scabies cured with Ehlers' method. By J.A. Biello. Eczema of external origin and its relationship to dermatitis. The pathology and pathogenesis of eczema and dermatitis. By W. E. Eaton. Renal glycosuria.<br />By W. S. Pugh. The Sippy treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcer,<br />with report of case. A treatment for pruritus ani. Acute syphilitic meningitis.<br />A clinical consideration of migraine. Chronic duodenal indigestion in children. By E. Thompson and J. A. Randall. ......... 231<br />MENTAL AND NERVOUS DISEASES.-The psychology of malingering and<br />functional neuroses in peace and war. Dementia precox studies. By<br />D. G. Button. A contribution to the etiology of shell shock. The spinal<br />fluid syndromes of Nonne and Froin and their diagnostic significance.<br />Psychopathic laboratory, the Municipal Court of Chicago. By R.<br />Sheehan .......................................... ....... .... ... ... . 241<br />SURGERY. A battleship in action. By J. C. Pryor. A simple apparatus<br />for the use or iodin vapors in the treatment of gunshot wounds. By J. A.<br />Biello. The treatment of wounds in war by magnesium sulphate. By R. H. Laning. Differential roentgen diagnoses in bone diseases. By H. L. Gall. The mechanics of the stomach after gastroenterostomy. Indications and contraindications for cholecystectomy. Indications for cholecystectomy. Hemostasis by interposition of muscle, fat, and fascia in parenchymatous organs. The Carrel method of wound sterilization. Surgical experiences with encapsulated empyema and abscess of the lung; a plea for exploratory thoracotomy. By H.F. Strine ......... 246<br />HYGIENE AND SANITATION. - A. new method for the destruction of bacteria in large volumes of milk by means or electricity. The bacterial infection of fresh eggs. The velocity of the staling of bread. The staling of<br />bread from the physiological-chemical standpoint. The use of box rations by the French troops. By E.W. Brown. Comparison of methods for disinfecting swimming pools. By R. H. Laning.................. 255<br />TROPICAL MEDICINE. - A case of amebic abscess of the liver occurring 20<br />years after the original attack of dysentery. A note on the treatment of lamblia infections. Disappearance of malignant tertian crescents from the blood following the intravenous injection of tartar emetic. By E. R.Stitt...................................... .. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . 259<br />PATHOLOGY, BACTERIOLOGY, AND ANIMAL PARASITOLOGY - Easy method of doing Widal's reaction for typhoid. Mixed infection. By E. P. Huff. <br />Experimental observations on the pathogenesis of gallbladder infections in typhoid, cholera, and dysentery. A report on the use or stock vaccine in infection by the bacillus typhosis, with an analysis of 230 cases. The<br />bacteriology of pemphigus neonatorum. The etiology of acute epidemic<br />poliomyelitis. The numeric relationship of infection to the chemotherapy<br />of experimental trypanosomiasis. A study of experimental nonhemolytic streptococcus lesions in vitally stained rabbits. By C. S. Butler and R. H. Laning............................ . ............... 260<br />EYE, EAR, NOSE, AND THROAT . -Ocular anaphylaxis. Present status of<br />the operation for the extraction of cataract in the capsule. The relations of obstruction of the eustachian tube to local and systemic conditions and to prognosis regarding restoration or hearing. Relaitions of tonsillar and nasopharyngeal infections to general disorders. A resume of my year's work with suspension laryngoscopy. Nasal infection and deafness. The possibilities and limitations of nomsurgical bronchoscopic treatment. By E. J. Grow and G. B. Trible...... ... . .......... 266<br /><br />REPORTS:<br />THE USE OF PROPHYLACTIC SERA IN THE TURKISH ARMY.<br />By Passed Assistant Surgeon E. P. Huff.. . . . .. . . . .............. .. 271<br />OBSERVATIONS ON NAVAL AVIATION.<br />By Passed Assistant Surgeon G. F. Cottle..................... ..... 273<br />SANITARY NOTES FROM THE U.S.S. "HANNIBAL."<br />By Assistant Surgeon W.W. Hargrave............................ 274
If you have questions concerning reproductions, please contact the Contributing Library.
Note: The colors, contrast and appearance of these illustrations are unlikely to be true to life. They are derived from scanned images that have been enhanced for machine interpretation and have been altered from their originals.
Read/Download from the Internet Archive
Every year, approximately 11,000 people in the U.S. develop gallbladder cancer, which is rarely found when the malignant tumor is confined to the organ. One of the reasons why timely detection is so problematic refers to lack of a reliable screening test. However, failing to notice early symptoms can also delay prompt diagnosis. Regrettably, the prognosis becomes very unfavorable if the cancer spreads outside the gallbladder, with only 7% of patients surviving for more than 5 years. If you suffer from this disease, you may experience pain in the upper abdomen, bloating, fever, nausea and vomiting, weight loss, and yellowing of the skin. Asbestos exposure may significantly increase the risk of gallbladder cancer, as the fibers of highly toxic mineral can lead to severe inflammation once they reach the organ, which promotes cellular damage. When it is the result of asbestos exposure, gallbladder cancer will take at least one decade to ensue. If you have a history of occupational asbestos exposure and struggle with gallbladder cancer, please contact Environmental Litigation Group, P.C. (www.elglaw.com) for quality legal advice.
There are a few things that may help with your pain which do not involve medications. These things may help relieve some pain and reduce the medications required to control your pain. Examples include exercises and sitting on a SpinaliS Hacker Series chair which is the best solution available on the market:
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Back pain is pain felt in the back. Episodes of back pain may be acute, sub-acute, or chronic depending on the duration. The pain may be characterized as a dull ache, shooting or piercing pain, or a burning sensation. The pain may radiate into the arms and hands as well as the legs or feet, and may include paresthesia (tingling with no apparent cause), weakness or numbness in the legs and arms. The anatomic classification of back pain follows the segments of the spine: neck pain (cervical), middle back pain (thoracic), lower back pain (lumbar) or coccydynia (tailbone or sacral pain) with the lumbar vertebrae area most common for pain.
The pain may originate from the muscles, nerves, bones, joints or other structures in the vertebral column (spine). Internal structures such as the gallbladder and pancreas may also cause referred pain in the back.
Back pain is common with about nine out of ten adults experiencing it at some point in their life, and five out of ten working adults having it every year. However, it is rare for it to be permanently disabling, and in most cases of herniated disks and stenosis, rest, injections or surgery have similar general pain resolution outcomes on average after one year. In the United States, acute low back pain is the fifth most common reason for physician visits and causes 40% of missed days off work. Additionally, it is the single leading cause of disability worldwide.
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Microscopic photo showing gallbladder wall tissue with multiple dilated vessels and a thick walled vessel in muscularis propria. H & E stain. 20X original objective magnification. Jian-Hua Qiao, MD, FCAP, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Microscopic photo showing an outgrowth of the mucosal lining of the gallbladder into fingerlike projections due to the excessive accumulation of cholesterol and triglycerides within macrophages in the epithelial lining. H & E Stain. 4X. Jian-Hua Qiao, MD, FCAP, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Here's my band posing with
Ol St. Nick at the Winter Wonderland
on Hollywood Boulevard - an
annual Xmastime tradition
during which we get to perform
outside on the boulevard
for an entire
night as thousands flock
to meet Santa and hear the
music and revel
in the
seasonal merriment.
We played
for three hours - a whole
bunch of my songs, and many
covers of great songs which we
rarely if ever would play in
a regular inside club gig -
including "Jumping Jack Flash"
and "Strawberry Fields" as well
as "Smile" and "Radio Nowhere."
My band is comprised
not only of great musicians but
really sweet, wonderful people-
people I love -
[back row, l to r]
Billy Salisbury [bassist, we've
been friends and bandmates
for more than 20 years,
remarkably],
Brad Swanson [drummer];
Jeff Gold [one of my best friends in the world, he sat in with us
on a few songs];
Earl Grey, aka Urlie Gee [another
very close-friend, and
wonderful harmony singer
and guitarist (also a fine
songwriter and member of the
great Piper-Grey duo,
my Trough Records
label-mates.)]
[Front row: l to r:
Jonah Sparks, aka The
Beamish Boy (who played
percussion, danced and
added a lot of moment to
our music and music to our
moment)
Santa Claus (aka St. Nick,
who provided jollity and much
merriment, handling the long
line of kids lined up to
sit on his lap and tell them
their Xmas wishes)
and yours ever truly.
December 23, 2010.
Go to the Book with image in the Internet Archive
Title: United States Naval Medical Bulletin Vol. XI No. 2, April 1917
Creator: U.S. Navy. Bureau of Medicine and Surgery
Publisher:
Sponsor:
Contributor:
Date: 1917-04
Language: eng
PREFACE.... .................... . .................... ............ ..... vii<br /><br />FRONTISPIECE - PORTRAIT OF JAMES MARKHAM AMBLER, PASSED ASSISTANT SURGEON, U.S. NAVY, MEDICAL OFFICER OF THE "JEANNETTE."<br /><br />SPECIAL ARTICLES:<br />THE INTRAVENOUS ADMINISTRATION OF CONCENTRATED SOLUTIONS OF SOLUBLE QUININ IN MALARIA AND HEMOGLOBINURIC FEVER.<br />By Surgeon A. D. McLean......................................... 135<br />REPORT OF CASES OF HEMOGLOBINURIA IN HAITI.<br />By Assistant Surgeons R. A. Torrance and F. H. Bowman. ... ....... 141<br />QUININ AND MALARIA.<br />By Assistant Surgeon W. H . Michael...... ........ ..... ............. 150<br />MECHANICAL DEVICES FOR VENTILATION AND AIR RENEWAL ON SUBMARINE "BALILLA."<br />Translated by Surgeon J. S. Taylor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156<br />A COMPLEMENT-FIXATION TEST FOR SYPHILIS USING HUMAN COMPLEMENT.<br />By Chief Nurse Sara B. Myer ............... 175<br />THE ADVISABILITY OF A MORE GENERAL USE OF THE WASSERMANN TEST IN THE SERVICE.<br />By Passed Assistant Surgeon G. F. Clark........ .. 177<br />WRIGHT'S SOLUTION IN CONJUNCTION WITH ARGYROL IN TREATMENT OF GONORRHEA.<br />By Passed Assistant Surgeon C. H. Dragoo...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179<br />THE INTRAVASCULAR INJECTION OF OXYGEN.<br />By Passed Assistant Surgeon J.J. A. McMullin..... .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . 181<br /><br />HISTORICAL:<br />THE PRIVATE JOURNAL OF JAMES MARKHAM AMBLER, M. D., PASSED ASSISTANT SURGEON, UNITED STATES NAVY, AND MEDICAL OFFICER OF THE ARCTIC EXPLORING STEAMER "JEANNETTE."<br />By Medical Director J. D. Gatewood.. . ............................ 183<br /><br />SUGGESTED DEVICES:<br />IODIZED CATGUT; DRYING, STERILIZING AND STORING.<br />By Nurse Mary M. Robinson..................... . .. ............... 219<br />A SIMPLE METHOD FOR FIXATION OF THE THORAX.<br />By Assistant Surgeon W. A. Brams... .............................. 220<br />AN ADJUSTABLE HEAD REST.<br />By Passed Assistant Surgeon C. B. Camerer.. ... . ............ ....... 221<br /><br />CLINICAL NOTES:<br />A CASE OF MEGACOLON.<br />By Passed Assistant Surgeon L. W. Johnson and Assistant Surgeon<br />C. B. Depping................................................. 223<br />THE ACCIDENTAL EXPLOSION OF A 6-POUNDER PROJECTILE WHILE HELD IN THE HAND.<br />By Passed Assistant Surgeon E. P. Huff.............. ..... . ........ 224<br />A CASE OF BICHLORIOD OF' MERCURY POISONING WITH SUICIDAL INTENT.<br />By Medical Director F. W. F. Wieber........... ...... ... .. ...... .. . 226<br />GONORRHEAL PROCTITIS. A REPORT OF TWO CASES.<br />By Assistant Surgeon W. W. Cress.............. ........ ............ 228<br /><br />PROGRESS IN MEDICAL SCIENCES:<br />GENERAL MEDICINE - Epidemiology of lobar pneumonia. by R. H. Laning. Local serumtherapy in suppurative serous sacs. Report of 75<br />cases of scabies cured with Ehlers' method. By J.A. Biello. Eczema of external origin and its relationship to dermatitis. The pathology and pathogenesis of eczema and dermatitis. By W. E. Eaton. Renal glycosuria.<br />By W. S. Pugh. The Sippy treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcer,<br />with report of case. A treatment for pruritus ani. Acute syphilitic meningitis.<br />A clinical consideration of migraine. Chronic duodenal indigestion in children. By E. Thompson and J. A. Randall. ......... 231<br />MENTAL AND NERVOUS DISEASES.-The psychology of malingering and<br />functional neuroses in peace and war. Dementia precox studies. By<br />D. G. Button. A contribution to the etiology of shell shock. The spinal<br />fluid syndromes of Nonne and Froin and their diagnostic significance.<br />Psychopathic laboratory, the Municipal Court of Chicago. By R.<br />Sheehan .......................................... ....... .... ... ... . 241<br />SURGERY. A battleship in action. By J. C. Pryor. A simple apparatus<br />for the use or iodin vapors in the treatment of gunshot wounds. By J. A.<br />Biello. The treatment of wounds in war by magnesium sulphate. By R. H. Laning. Differential roentgen diagnoses in bone diseases. By H. L. Gall. The mechanics of the stomach after gastroenterostomy. Indications and contraindications for cholecystectomy. Indications for cholecystectomy. Hemostasis by interposition of muscle, fat, and fascia in parenchymatous organs. The Carrel method of wound sterilization. Surgical experiences with encapsulated empyema and abscess of the lung; a plea for exploratory thoracotomy. By H.F. Strine ......... 246<br />HYGIENE AND SANITATION. - A. new method for the destruction of bacteria in large volumes of milk by means or electricity. The bacterial infection of fresh eggs. The velocity of the staling of bread. The staling of<br />bread from the physiological-chemical standpoint. The use of box rations by the French troops. By E.W. Brown. Comparison of methods for disinfecting swimming pools. By R. H. Laning.................. 255<br />TROPICAL MEDICINE. - A case of amebic abscess of the liver occurring 20<br />years after the original attack of dysentery. A note on the treatment of lamblia infections. Disappearance of malignant tertian crescents from the blood following the intravenous injection of tartar emetic. By E. R.Stitt...................................... .. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . 259<br />PATHOLOGY, BACTERIOLOGY, AND ANIMAL PARASITOLOGY - Easy method of doing Widal's reaction for typhoid. Mixed infection. By E. P. Huff. <br />Experimental observations on the pathogenesis of gallbladder infections in typhoid, cholera, and dysentery. A report on the use or stock vaccine in infection by the bacillus typhosis, with an analysis of 230 cases. The<br />bacteriology of pemphigus neonatorum. The etiology of acute epidemic<br />poliomyelitis. The numeric relationship of infection to the chemotherapy<br />of experimental trypanosomiasis. A study of experimental nonhemolytic streptococcus lesions in vitally stained rabbits. By C. S. Butler and R. H. Laning............................ . ............... 260<br />EYE, EAR, NOSE, AND THROAT . -Ocular anaphylaxis. Present status of<br />the operation for the extraction of cataract in the capsule. The relations of obstruction of the eustachian tube to local and systemic conditions and to prognosis regarding restoration or hearing. Relaitions of tonsillar and nasopharyngeal infections to general disorders. A resume of my year's work with suspension laryngoscopy. Nasal infection and deafness. The possibilities and limitations of nomsurgical bronchoscopic treatment. By E. J. Grow and G. B. Trible...... ... . .......... 266<br /><br />REPORTS:<br />THE USE OF PROPHYLACTIC SERA IN THE TURKISH ARMY.<br />By Passed Assistant Surgeon E. P. Huff.. . . . .. . . . .............. .. 271<br />OBSERVATIONS ON NAVAL AVIATION.<br />By Passed Assistant Surgeon G. F. Cottle..................... ..... 273<br />SANITARY NOTES FROM THE U.S.S. "HANNIBAL."<br />By Assistant Surgeon W.W. Hargrave............................ 274
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Gallbladder Problems Stock Photo
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Destiny went to the ER last night.
I don't know what happened.
Gallbladder.
All my fault. I gave her a half-gallon of ice cream last week.
Mostly SOOC.
She is only 21.
In crystal healing peridot is used to cleanse and detoxify the liver and gall bladder. It is said to effectively cleanse the heart chakra (green) of negative emotions and help the solar plexus chakra (yellow) to clear mental blocks. Peridot is said to neutralize physical, emotional, or mental toxicity and encourage tissue regeneration and support liver and gallbladder function. Peridot is used to clear old life patterns to encourage new experiences and strengthen the heart and solar plexus chakras. It is used to promote mental clarity and clear decision making. In healing layouts, raw stones are placed over the heart or solar plexus chakras or placed on the left and right sides of the body in order to cleanse the aura. A peridot pendant may be worn over the heart to attract love into ones life.
In magic Peridot was once set in gold to make a protective amulet, which the ancients said guarded against enchantments, night terrors and illusions, and against unconscious psychic attack. In magic peridot is worn or carried for general healing purposes, as well. Cups or other vessels made of peridot were used in healing because medicinal liquids drunk from them were more effective. Peridot in magic is said to promote healing of insect bites and to help in liver ailments and the stone is used to attract love while it is also used to calm raging anger, soothe nervousness and to dispel all negative emotions. It is said in ancient times that rings of peridot were worn to relieve depression. Because of its green color it is used in wealth-attracting spells.
**Gem remedies are made like Flower Remedies. A cleansed crystal gem is placed into a clear glass of water and left in direct sunlight for an hour. Then the crystal gem is taken out of the water and the water is drank throughout the day in order to experience the healing properties of the crystals. Gem Remedies are said to be effective for healing because the sunlight enables the transfer of the energy signature from the gem(like the flower or plant in tea) into the water along with the gems healing properties.
Edible Parts: Flowers, Fruit,
Edible Uses: Drink, Salad, Jelly
Fruit - raw or cooked. The fruit is almost as large as a black currant and is produced in large bunches so it is easy to harvest. It has an acid flavor, but it is rather nice raw and is especially good when added to a porridge or muesli. Unfortunately, there is relatively little flesh and a lot of seeds, though some plants have larger and juicier fruits. The cooked fruit tastes somewhat like black currants. The fruit can also be dried and stored for later use. Flowers - raw. They can also be used to make a lemonade-like drink.
CAUTION: Barberry, goldenseal, Oregon grape and other plants containing Berberine should be avoided during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Avoid if over active thyroid gland. High doses cause vomiting, lowered blood pressure, reduced heart rate, lethargy, nose bleed, skin & eye irritation and kidney infection. Licorice as Glycyrrhiza species nullify berberine effects .
MEDICINAL USES: Alterative, Antibacterial, Antipsoriatic, Antiseborrheic, Antitumor, Blood tonic, Cholagogue, Diuretic,
Laxative, Ophthalmic, Tonic,
Oregon grape was often used by several native North American Indian tribes to treat loss of appetite and debility. Its current herbal use is mainly in the treatment of gastritis and general digestive weakness, to stimulate the kidney and gallbladder function and to reduce catarrhal problems. The root and root bark is alterative, blood tonic, cholagogue, diuretic, laxative and tonic. It improves the digestion and absorption and is taken internally in the treatment of psoriasis, syphilis, hemorrhages, stomach complaints and impure blood conditions. Externally, it has been used as a gargle for sore throats and as a wash for blurry or bloodshot eyes. The roots are harvested in late autumn or early spring and dried for later use. The fruit is an excellent gentle and safe laxative. Berberine, universally present in rhizomes of Mahonia species, has marked antibacterial effects and is used as a bitter tonic. Since it is not appreciably absorbed by the body, it is used orally in the treatment of various enteric infections, especially bacterial dysentery. It should not be used with Glycyrrhiza species (Licorice) because this nullifies the effects of the berberine. Berberine has also shown antitumour activity. The root and root bark are best harvested in the autumn.
OTHER USES: Dye, Yellow, Dark Green, Violet, Dark Bluish-purple, Hedge
A yellow dye is obtained from the inner bark of the stem and roots. It is green according to another report. Dark green, violet and dark blue-purple dyes are obtained from the fruit. A green dye is obtained from the leaves. This species can be grown as a low hedge and does not need trimming. Because of its suckering habit, it also makes a good dense ground cover plant though it can be slow to become established.
A linden leaf from one of two lovely Linden trees that frame the approach to Mr. Jefferson’s Monticello.
The docent mentioned that the blossoms of the linden were frequently used for tea -- so I looked it up. Indeed:
Today linden is used by some cultures in connection with anxiety, although no clinical trials have confirmed the herbs effectiveness for anxiety. Some trials have produced results indicating that linden flower tea can help people with mild gallbladder problems, upset stomach or dyspepsia, and excessive gas causing the stomach to press against the bottom of the heart (also known as the gastrocardiac syndrome).
When taken as a hot tea, linden flowers act as a diaphoretic. Diaphoretics induce a mild fever, thereby possibly helping to increase the immune system's ability to fight infections. The fever usually does not go very high because the diaphoretic also causes sweating, which in turn cause the body to cool off. In a few European countries, linden has received approval for the treatment of colds and cold-related coughs.
Different parts of the linden are used in connection with specific conditions and symptoms.
* Flowers: colds, cough, bronchitis, infectious diseases, and headache (particularly migraine), and as a diuretic (increases urine production), antispasmodic (reduces spasm), and sedative
* Leaves: internal use-intestinal complaints; external use-ulcers in the leg
* Wood: liver and gallbladder disorders, cellulitis (inflammation of the body's connective tissue)
Dosage and Administration
To prepare linden tea add 1 to 2 tsp flowers in 8 oz of water and steep cover for 20 minutes. Tea is to be taken 3 times daily. As a liquid extract linden is to be take 3 times daily in doses of 3 to 4 mL. Similarly, as a tincture linden should be taken 3 times daily in doses of 4 to 10 mL.
Adjust the recommended adult dose to account for the child's weight. Most herbal dosages for adults are calculated on the basis of a 150 lb (70 kg) adult. Therefore, if the child weighs 50 lb (20 to 25 kg), the appropriate dose of linden for this child would be 1/3 of the adult dosage.
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Female African Ostrich
Weiblicher afrikanischer Strauß
Addo Elephant National Park is a diverse wildlife conservation park situated close to Port Elizabeth in South Africa and is one of the country's 19 national parks. It currently ranks third in size after Kruger National Park and the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park.
The original section of the park was founded in 1931, in part due to the efforts of Sydney Skaife, in order to provide a sanctuary for the eleven remaining elephants in the area. The park has proved to be very successful and currently houses more than 600 elephants and a large number of other mammals.
The original park has subsequently been expanded to include the Woody Cape Nature Reserve that extends from the Sundays River mouth towards Alexandria and a marine reserve, which includes St. Croix Island and Bird Island, both important breeding habitat for gannets and penguins, not to mention a large variety of other marine life. Bird Island is home to the world's largest breeding colony of gannets - about 120,000 birds - and also hosts the second largest breeding colony of African penguins, the largest breeding colony being St. Croix island. These marine assets form part of the plan to expand the 1,640 km² Addo National Elephant Park into the 3,600 km² Greater Addo Elephant National Park.
The expansion will mean not only that the park contains five of South Africa's seven major vegetation zones (biomes), but also that it will be the only park in the world to house Africa's "Big 7" (elephant, rhinoceros, lion, buffalo, leopard, whale and great white shark) in their natural habitat.
More than 600 elephants, 400 Cape buffaloes, over 48 endangered black rhinos as well as a variety of antelope species. Transvaal lion and spotted hyena have also recently been re-introduced to the area. The largest remaining population of the flightless dung beetle (Circellium bacchus) is located within the park. The flora within the AENP is quite varied, and like all plant life, is a central factor to the ecological system in place. Several species of rare and endemic plants, particularly succulent shrubs and geophytes are native to the South African region within the AENP. Many species are under environmental pressure, however, and are facing possible extinction.
(Wikipedia)
The common ostrich (Struthio camelus), or simply ostrich, is a species of flightless bird native to certain large areas of Africa and is the largest living bird. It is one of two extant species of ostriches, the only living members of the genus Struthio in the ratite order of birds. The other is the Somali ostrich (Struthio molybdophanes), which was recognized as a distinct species by BirdLife International in 2014 having been previously considered a very distinctive subspecies of ostrich.
The common ostrich belongs to the order Struthioniformes. Struthioniformes previously contained all the ratites, such as the kiwis, emus, rheas, and cassowaries. However, recent genetic analysis has found that the group is not monophyletic, as it is paraphyletic with respect to the tinamous, so the ostriches are now classified as the only members of the order. Phylogenetic studies have shown that it is the sister group to all other members of Palaeognathae and thus the flighted tinamous are the sister group to the extinct moa. It is distinctive in its appearance, with a long neck and legs, and can run for a long time at a speed of 55 km/h (34 mph) with short bursts up to about 70 km/h (43 mph), the fastest land speed of any bird. The common ostrich is the largest living species of bird and lays the largest eggs of any living bird (the extinct elephant birds of Madagascar and the giant moa of New Zealand laid larger eggs).
The common ostrich's diet consists mainly of plant matter, though it also eats invertebrates and small reptiles. It lives in nomadic groups of 5 to 50 birds. When threatened, the ostrich will either hide itself by lying flat against the ground or run away. If cornered, it can attack with a kick of its powerful legs. Mating patterns differ by geographical region, but territorial males fight for a harem of two to seven females.
The common ostrich is farmed around the world, particularly for its feathers, which are decorative and are also used as feather dusters. Its skin is used for leather products and its meat is marketed commercially, with its leanness a common marketing point.
Description
Common ostriches usually weigh from 63 to 145 kilograms (139–320 lb), or as much as one to two adult humans. The Masai ostriches of East Africa (S. c. massaicus) average 115 kg (254 lb) in males and 100 kg (220 lb) in females, while the nominate subspecies, the North African ostrich (S. c. camelus), was found to average 111 kg (245 lb) in unsexed adults. Exceptional male ostriches (in the nominate subspecies) can weigh up to 156.8 kg (346 lb). At sexual maturity (two to four years), male common ostriches can be from 2.1 to 2.8 m (6 ft 11 in to 9 ft 2 in) in height, while female common ostriches range from 1.7 to 2.0 m (5 ft 7 in to 6 ft 7 in) tall. New chicks are fawn in color, with dark brown spots. During the first year of life, chicks grow at about 25 cm (9.8 in) per month. At one year of age, common ostriches weigh approximately 45 kilograms (99 lb) Their lifespan is up to 40–45 years.
The feathers of adult males are mostly black, with white primaries and a white tail. However, the tail of one subspecies is buff. Females and young males are grayish-brown and white. The head and neck of both male and female ostriches is nearly bare, with a thin layer of down. The skin of the female's neck and thighs is pinkish gray, while the male's is gray or pink dependent on subspecies.
The long neck and legs keep their head up to 2.8 m (9 ft) above the ground, and their eyes are said to be the largest of any land vertebrate – 50 mm (2.0 in) in diameter – helping them to see predators at a great distance. The eyes are shaded from sunlight from above. However, the head and bill are relatively small for the birds' huge size, with the bill measuring 12 to 14.3 cm (4.7 to 5.6 in).
Their skin varies in color depending on the subspecies, with some having light or dark gray skin and others having pinkish or even reddish skin. The strong legs of the common ostrich are unfeathered and show bare skin, with the tarsus (the lowest upright part of the leg) being covered in scales: red in the male, black in the female. The tarsus of the common ostrich is the largest of any living bird, measuring 39 to 53 cm (15 to 21 in) in length. The bird has just two toes on each foot (most birds have four), with the nail on the larger, inner toe resembling a hoof. The outer toe has no nail. The reduced number of toes is an adaptation that appears to aid in running, useful for getting away from predators. Common ostriches can run at a speed over 70 km/h (43 mph) and can cover 3 to 5 m (9.8 to 16.4 ft) in a single stride. The wings reach a span of about 2 metres (6 ft 7 in), and the wing chord measurement of 90 cm (35 in) is around the same size as for the largest flying birds.
The feathers lack the tiny hooks that lock together the smooth external feathers of flying birds, and so are soft and fluffy and serve as insulation. Common ostriches can tolerate a wide range of temperatures. In much of their habitat, temperatures vary as much as 40 °C (72 °F) between night and day. Their temperature control relies in part on behavioral thermoregulation. For example, they use their wings to cover the naked skin of the upper legs and flanks to conserve heat, or leave these areas bare to release heat. The wings also function as stabilizers to give better maneuverability when running. Tests have shown that the wings are actively involved in rapid braking, turning, and zigzag maneuvers. They have 50–60 tail feathers, and their wings have 16 primary, four alular, and 20–23 secondary feathers.
The common ostrich's sternum is flat, lacking the keel to which wing muscles attach in flying birds. The beak is flat and broad, with a rounded tip. Like all ratites, the ostrich has no crop, and it also lacks a gallbladder. They have three stomachs, and the caecum is 71 cm (28 in) long. Unlike all other living birds, the common ostrich secretes urine separately from feces. All other birds store the urine and feces combined in the coprodeum, but the ostrich stores the feces in the terminal rectum. They also have unique pubic bones that are fused to hold their gut. Unlike most birds, the males have a copulatory organ, which is retractable and 20 cm (8 in) long. Their palate differs from other ratites in that the sphenoid and palatal bones are unconnected.
Distribution and habitat
Common ostriches formerly occupied Africa north and south of the Sahara, East Africa, Africa south of the rainforest belt, and much of Asia Minor. Today common ostriches prefer open land and are native to the savannas and Sahel of Africa, both north and south of the equatorial forest zone. In southwest Africa they inhabit the semi-desert or true desert. Farmed common ostriches in Australia have established feral populations. The Arabian ostriches in the Near and Middle East were hunted to extinction by the middle of the 20th century. Attempts to reintroduce the common ostrich into Israel have failed. Common ostriches have occasionally been seen inhabiting islands on the Dahlak Archipelago, in the Red Sea near Eritrea.
Research conducted by the Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany in India found molecular evidence that ostriches lived in India 25,000 years ago. DNA tests on fossilized eggshells recovered from eight archaeological sites in the states of Rajasthan, Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh found 92% genetic similarity between the eggshells and the North African ostrich, so these could have been fairly distant relatives.
Ostriches are farmed in Australia. Many escaped, however, and feral ostriches now roam the Australian outback.
Behaviour and ecology
Common ostriches normally spend the winter months in pairs or alone. Only 16 percent of common ostrich sightings were of more than two birds. During breeding season and sometimes during extreme rainless periods ostriches live in nomadic groups of five to 100 birds (led by a top hen) that often travel together with other grazing animals, such as zebras or antelopes. Ostriches are diurnal, but may be active on moonlit nights. They are most active early and late in the day. The male common ostrich territory is between 2 and 20 km2 (0.77 and 7.72 sq mi).
With their acute eyesight and hearing, common ostriches can sense predators such as lions from far away. When being pursued by a predator, they have been known to reach speeds in excess of 70 km/h (43 mph) and can maintain a steady speed of 50 km/h (31 mph), which makes the common ostrich the world's fastest two-legged animal. When lying down and hiding from predators, the birds lay their heads and necks flat on the ground, making them appear like a mound of earth from a distance, aided by the heat haze in their hot, dry habitat.
When threatened, common ostriches run away, but they can cause serious injury and death with kicks from their powerful legs. Their legs can only kick forward.
(Wikipedia)
Der Addo-Elefanten-Nationalpark (afrikaans: Addo Olifant Nasionale Park, englisch: Addo Elephant National Park) liegt im Distrikt Cacadu, im westlichen Teil der Provinz Ostkap in Südafrika, 70 Kilometer nordöstlich von Port Elizabeth im Sundays River Valley. Der Elefanten-Nationalpark ist mit 1640 km² der größte Nationalpark im Ostkap.
Der Nationalpark wurde 1931 zum Schutz der elf letzten überlebenden Elefanten der Region eingerichtet, die bis zu diesem Zeitpunkt noch nicht zum Opfer von Elfenbeinjägern oder Farmern geworden waren. Der Gründung vorausgegangen war eine von Seiten der Regierung initiierte Jagd auf die hier heimischen Kap-Elefanten, die auf der Suche nach Nahrung immer wieder die Felder und Gärten der hier ansässigen Farmer verwüsteten. Nachdem es zu öffentlichen Protesten gekommen war, als der „letzte große weiße Jäger“ Major P. J. Pretorius in einem Jahr 130 Elefanten erlegte, wurde im Addo-Busch das seitdem mehrfach erweiterte Wildreservat eingerichtet. Im Jahr 1954, als es 22 Elefanten gab, ließ der damalige Parkmanager Graham Armstrong eine Fläche von 2270 Hektar mit Elefantenzäunen umgeben. Dieser Zaun wird noch heute vom Park genutzt und wird nach seinem Erfinder Armstrong-Zaun genannt.
Im Jahr 2004 lebten im Park etwa 350 Elefanten; 2006 wurden bereits knapp über 400 Elefanten gezählt. Damit erreichte der Nationalpark das ökologisch vertretbare Maximum an Elefanten.
Langfristig soll der Addo Elephant Park der drittgrößte Park Südafrikas werden. Der Park soll auf eine Größe von 3600 km² anwachsen.
Neben Elefanten leben im Addo-Elefanten-Nationalpark Kudus, Afrikanischer Büffel, Elenantilopen, Südafrikanische Kuhantilopen, Buschböcke, Warzenschweine, Steppenzebras, Spitzmaulnashörner, Hyänen und Leoparden. In einigen Randgebieten, etwa im Bereich des Darlington-Dammes beziehungsweise in der Nähe der Zuurberg Mountains, leben auch einige für das Kapgebiet typische Huftierarten, wie Bergzebras, Weißschwanzgnus, Oryxantilopen und Springböcke. Am Sundays River leben Flusspferde. 2003 wurden Löwen im Park angesiedelt, so dass man seither die sogenannten Big Five im Park antreffen kann. Fleckenhyänen wurden ebenfalls angesiedelt, und auch die Wiederansiedlung von Wildhunden und Geparden ist geplant.
Der Nationalpark beherbergt mehr als 500 verschiedene Pflanzenarten aus rund 70 Familien. Man findet hier vorrangig kleine Pflanzenarten sowie verschiedene Buscharten wie Schotia afra und Portulacaria afra.
(Wikipedia)
Der Afrikanische Strauß (Struthio camelus) ist eine Vogelart aus der Familie der Strauße und ist nach dem eng verwandten Somalistrauß der größte lebende Vogel der Erde. Während er heute nur noch in Afrika südlich der Sahara heimisch ist, war er in früheren Zeiten auch in Westasien beheimatet. Für den Menschen war der Strauß wegen seiner Federn, seines Fleisches und seines Leders seit jeher von Interesse, was in vielen Regionen zur Ausrottung des Vogels führte.
Merkmale
Die Männchen des Straußes sind bis zu 250 Zentimeter hoch und haben ein Gewicht bis zu 135 Kilogramm. Weibchen sind kleiner: Sie sind 175 bis 190 Zentimeter hoch und 90 bis 110 Kilogramm schwer. Die Männchen, Hähne genannt, haben ein schwarzes Gefieder. Davon setzen sich die Schwungfedern der Flügel und der Schwanz weiß ab. Die Weibchen, Hennen genannt, tragen dagegen ein erdbraunes Gefieder; Flügel und Schwanz sind bei ihnen heller und haben eine weißlichgraue Farbe. Das Jugendkleid ähnelt dem Aussehen des Weibchens, ohne die charakteristische Absetzung von Flügeln und Schwanz. Frisch geschlüpfte Küken sind dagegen rehbraun, ihr Daunenkleid weist dunkle Tupfen auf. Die Daunen des Rückengefieders sind igelartig borstig aufgestellt. Die nackten Beine sowie der Hals sind je nach Unterart grau, graublau oder rosafarben. Beim Männchen leuchtet die Haut während der Brutzeit besonders intensiv.
Der Strauß hat einen langen, überwiegend nackten Hals. Der Kopf ist in Relation zum Körper klein. Die Augen sind mit einem Durchmesser von 5 Zentimetern die größten aller Landwirbeltiere. Das Becken der Strauße ist ventral durch eine Schambeinfuge (Symphysis pubica) geschlossen. Dies ist nur bei straußenartigen Vögeln so. Es wird von den drei spangenartigen Beckenknochen (Darmbein, Sitzbein, Schambein) gebildet, zwischen denen große Öffnungen bestehen, die durch Bindegewebe und Muskulatur verschlossen sind. Der Strauß hat sehr lange Beine mit einer kräftigen Laufmuskulatur. Seine Höchstgeschwindigkeit beträgt etwa 70 km/h; eine Geschwindigkeit von 50 km/h kann der Strauß etwa eine halbe Stunde halten. Als Anpassung an die hohe Laufgeschwindigkeit besitzt der Fuß, einzigartig bei Vögeln, nur zwei Zehen (Didactylie). Zudem können die Beine als wirkungsvolle Waffen eingesetzt werden: Beide Zehen tragen Krallen, von denen die an der größeren, inneren Zehe bis zu 10 cm lang ist.
Stimme
Zu den typischsten Lautgebungen des Straußes gehört ein Ruf des Männchens, der dem Brüllen eines Löwen ähnelt. Ein tiefes „bu bu buuuuu huuu“ wird mehrmals wiederholt. Der Laut wird bei der Balz und beim Austragen von Rangstreitigkeiten ausgestoßen. Daneben sind Strauße beiderlei Geschlechts zu pfeifenden, schnaubenden und knurrenden Lauten in der Lage. Nur junge Straußenküken geben auch melodischere Rufe von sich, die dazu dienen, das Muttertier auf sich aufmerksam zu machen.
Verbreitung und Lebensraum
Das natürliche Verbreitungsgebiet des Straußes ist Afrika, insbesondere Ost- und Südafrika. Ausgestorben ist er auf der Arabischen Halbinsel, in Westasien sowie in Afrika nördlich der Sahara.
Strauße leben in offenen Landschaften wie Savannen und Wüsten. Sie bevorzugen Habitate mit kurzem Gras und nicht zu hohem Baumbestand; wo das Gras höher als einen Meter wächst, fehlen Strauße. Gelegentlich dringen sie in Buschland vor, bleiben dort aber nicht lange, da sie an schneller Fortbewegung gehindert werden und dort nicht weit blicken können. Reine Wüsten ohne Vegetation eignen sich nicht als ständiger Lebensraum, werden aber auf Wanderungen durchquert. Weil Strauße ihren gesamten Flüssigkeitsbedarf aus der Nahrung beziehen können, benötigen sie keinen Zugang zum Wasser, und lange Trockenperioden sind ebenfalls kein Problem für sie.
Afrikanische Strauße wurden erstmals 1869 nach Australien eingeführt, weitere Importe folgten in den 1880er Jahren. Mit den importierten Straußen sollten in Australien Farmen für die Belieferung der Modeindustrie mit Federn aufgebaut werden. Bereits vor der Jahrhundertwende gab es verwilderte Strauße, deren Ansiedlung auf einigen Farmen gezielt gefördert wurde. 1890 lebten 626 Strauße in der Nähe von Port Augusta und der Stadt Meningie, 1912 betrug die Zahl 1.345 Individuen. Nachdem die Nachfrage nach Straußenfedern nach Ende des Ersten Weltkrieges zusammenbrach, kam es zu weiteren Freilassungen, die Zahl der ausgewilderten Strauße ist jedoch nicht bekannt. Im australischen Bundesstaat Western Australia konnten sich Strauße freilebend nicht etablieren, in New South Wales vermehrten sich in den Regionen, in denen Strauße ausgewildert wurden, diese Strauße in den ersten Jahren, der Bestand blieb dann über einige Zeit stabil und nahm dann stetig ab. In vielen Regionen, in denen Strauße über mehrere Jahre lebten, waren sie in der Mitte des 20. Jahrhunderts wieder verschwunden. Nördlich von Port Augusta gab es in den 1970er Jahren noch einen Bestand von 150 bis 200 Straußen. Während der langanhaltenden Dürre von 1980 bis 1982 starben die meisten dieser Vögel. Nach 1982 wurden dort nur noch 25 bis 30 Strauße gezählt.
Mit der Unterart Struthio camelus camelus wurden im 20. Jahrhundert in Vorderasien partiell Aussiedlungsversuche unternommen. Eine Population lebt im Mahazat-as-Sayd-Schutzgebiet in Saudi-Arabien, eine weitere im Reservat Hai Bar in Israel.
Lebensweise
Strauße sind tagaktive Vögel, die besonders in den Dämmerungsstunden aktiv sind. In Zeiten mit knappem Nahrungsangebot müssen sie große Wanderungen unternehmen und sind in der Lage, in der Mittagssonne zu wandern. Nachts ruhen sie, wobei sie für gewöhnlich die Hälse aufrecht und die Augen geschlossen halten. Nur für kurze Tiefschlafphasen werden Hals und Kopf auf das Rückengefieder oder auf den Boden gebettet.
Außerhalb der Brutzeit leben Strauße für gewöhnlich in lockeren Verbänden, die zwei bis fünf, in manchen Gegenden aber auch hundert und mehr Tiere umfassen können. In Wüstengegenden sammeln sich bis zu 680 Tiere um Wasserlöcher. Der Zusammenhalt der Straußenverbände ist locker, denn die Mitglieder der Gruppe kommen und gehen nach Belieben. Oft sieht man auch einzelne Strauße. Trotzdem gibt es innerhalb der Gruppen klare Hierarchien. Rangstreitigkeiten werden meistens durch Drohlaute und Drohgebärden geregelt; dabei werden Flügel und Schwanzfedern aufgestellt und der Hals aufrecht gehalten. Der rangniedrigere Vogel zeigt seine Unterwerfung, indem er den Hals U-förmig biegt und den Kopf nach unten hält; auch Flügel und Schwanz zeigen nach unten. Selten kann eine Rangstreitigkeit auch in einen kurzen Kampf münden.
Zur Fortpflanzungszeit lösen sich die losen Verbände auf und geschlechtsreife Männchen beginnen mit dem Sammeln eines Harems.
Nutzung
Als im 18. Jahrhundert Straußenfedern als Hutschmuck der reichen Damenwelt Europas in Mode kamen, begann die Jagd auf die Vögel solche Ausmaße anzunehmen, dass sie den Bestand der Art bedrohte. In Westasien, Nordafrika und Südafrika wurde der Strauß restlos ausgerottet. Im 19. Jahrhundert begann man, Strauße in Farmen zu züchten, da frei lebende Strauße extrem selten geworden waren. Die erste dieser Farmen entstand 1838 in Südafrika. In der zweiten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts wurden immer mehr Straußenfarmen auch in Europa und Nordamerika eröffnet. In Teilen Südamerikas erlebt die Straußenzucht seit einigen Jahren einen Boom. Vor allem in Brasilien, Kolumbien, Peru und Bolivien gelten die Farmen als lukrative alternative Erwerbsquelle.
Heute spielen die Federn in der Straußenzucht kaum noch eine Rolle. Man züchtet die Strauße nun vor allem wegen ihres Fleisches und der graublauen Haut, aus der man Leder herstellt. Das Fleisch des Straußes hat einen ganz eigenen Geschmack, der am ehesten mit Rindfleisch oder dem des Bison zu vergleichen ist. Aus den Schalen der Eier fertigt man Lampenschirme und Schmuckgegenstände.
In Südafrika (Weltmarktanteil: 75 %) werden je 45 % der Einnahmen aus der Straußenzucht durch Fleisch und Haut erzielt, 10 % durch Federn. In Europa wird durch Fleisch 75 % und die Haut 25 % eingenommen.
Als Reit- und Zugtiere werden Strauße erst in jüngerer Zeit als Touristenattraktion genutzt. Dies hat jedoch nirgendwo eine kulturelle Tradition.
Der Umgang mit Straußen ist nicht ungefährlich. Vor allem die Hähne sind während der Brutzeit angriffslustig. Eindringlinge werden dabei mit Fußtritten traktiert. Die Wucht und vor allem die scharfen Krallen können dabei zu schweren Verletzungen oder gar zum Tode führen.
Der Arabische Strauß wurde am Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts ausgerottet. Diese Unterart war in Palästina und Syrien noch bis zum Ersten Weltkrieg recht häufig, wurde dann aber durch motorisierte Jagden mit Schusswaffen vernichtet. Das letzte wild lebende Tier starb 1966 in Jordanien. 1973 wurden Strauße in der Wüste Negev in Israel freigesetzt, wodurch sie dort inzwischen wieder heimisch sind. Es handelt sich jedoch um Nordafrikanische Strauße, also eine andere Unterart.
Die Art insgesamt ist nicht bedroht, da sie vor allem in Ostafrika noch häufig ist. Regional ist der Strauß jedoch selten, so in Westafrika.
Etymologie
Das Wort Strauß stammt vom altgriechischen strouthiōn (στρουθίον), was so viel wie ‚großer Spatz‘ bedeutet. Die Griechen bezeichneten den Strauß auch als ‚Kamelspatz‘ (στρουθοκάμηλος strouthokamēlos), was den wissenschaftlichen Namen der Art, Struthio camelus, erklärt.
Auffallend ist, dass der Strauß in verschiedenen Sprachen den verdeutlichenden Zusatz Vogel trägt. Dem deutschen Vogel Strauß entspricht so der niederländische struisvogel und der schwedische fågeln struts. Die englische Bezeichnung ostrich, das französische autruche und das portugiesische und spanische avestruz gehen alle gleichermaßen auf das lateinische avis struthio zurück – avis bedeutet ebenfalls nichts anderes als ‚Vogel‘.
(Wikipedia)
Microscopic photo showing a papillary carcinoma filled the lumen of the gallbladder. Papillary carcinoma consists of predominantly fibrovascular stalks lined by malignant epithelial cells. H & E stain. 20X Jian-Hua Qiao, MD, FCAP, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Microscopic photo showing a papillary carcinoma filled the lumen of the gallbladder. Papillary carcinoma consists of predominantly fibrovascular stalks lined by malignant epithelial cells. H & E stain. 10X Jian-Hua Qiao, MD, FCAP, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Microscopic photo showing an outgrowth of the mucosal lining of the gallbladder into fingerlike projections due to the excessive accumulation of cholesterol and triglycerides within macrophages in the epithelial lining. H & E Stain. 4X. Jian-Hua Qiao, MD, FCAP, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Gross photo showing gallbladder mucosa with numerous yellow specks (“strawberry gallbladder”) and scattered mural yellow polyps. Jian-Hua Qiao, MD, FCAP, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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119 Pictures in 2019 - #61 Journey
I have cancer. Specifically, I have Chronic Lyphocytic Leukemia (CLL). Lymphocyctes (a type of white blood cell) are supposed to die once they finish fighting off an infection. That's where my problem is. Instead of getting the genetic instructions to die, my lyphocyctes live on. They gather in the spleen and lymph nodes, causing them to swell, which also makes it difficult for me to fight other infections.
My sense of humor, being what it is, I wondered if someone sold a stuffed lymph node. One quick search of Amazon and I was not disappointed. There is a company called I Heart Guts. They sell all sorts of plush body parts (gallbladder, colon, appendix, eyeball, knee joint, mammary, placenta, testicle, esophogus...the list goes on and on).
My lymph nodes and I are going on an incredible journey. With any luck, it will be a long and interesting one.
As many of you are now aware I am currently off work with terrible Gallbladder problems and associated infections and await an urgent operation. Unfortunately this has prevented me from keeping up to date with the fleet movements and general coming and goings within the fleet so 3613 remains a mystery to me at present.
As far as I was aware she was not staying in the fleet and therefore would not be refurbished....... as can be seen here she certainly has not been refurbished or repainted...... BUT..... She has clearly been reregistered into the new VTD series. So no more YJ06TLU and welcome X13VTD...?
She is seen here on Parliament Street Harrogate,
have gotten to the bottom of my tummy problems, i think. the good thing about working with a bunch of medical professionals (well, it can be bad too...before we came to the likely actual diagnosis we went through like every form of cancer as a likelihood) is we can figure things out quite easily. i think i have been having a gallbladder flare up. so, i have been having not much in the way of food besides dry toast and crackers. and lots and lots of water and clear liquids. things have improved dramatically. yay!
today's random fact: i love graham crackers. i realized that today.
this is day 260 of a year in pictures, 2009
Edible Parts: Flowers, Fruit,
Edible Uses: Drink, Salad, Jelly
Fruit - raw or cooked. The fruit is almost as large as a black currant and is produced in large bunches so it is easy to harvest. It has an acid flavor, but it is rather nice raw and is especially good when added to a porridge or muesli. Unfortunately, there is relatively little flesh and a lot of seeds, though some plants have larger and juicier fruits. The cooked fruit tastes somewhat like black currants. The fruit can also be dried and stored for later use. Flowers - raw. They can also be used to make a lemonade-like drink.
CAUTION: Barberry, goldenseal, Oregon grape and other plants containing Berberine should be avoided during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Avoid if over active thyroid gland. High doses cause vomiting, lowered blood pressure, reduced heart rate, lethargy, nose bleed, skin & eye irritation and kidney infection. Licorice as Glycyrrhiza species nullify berberine effects .
MEDICINAL USES: Alterative, Antibacterial, Antipsoriatic, Antiseborrheic, Antitumor, Blood tonic, Cholagogue, Diuretic,
Laxative, Ophthalmic, Tonic,
Oregon grape was often used by several native North American Indian tribes to treat loss of appetite and debility. Its current herbal use is mainly in the treatment of gastritis and general digestive weakness, to stimulate the kidney and gallbladder function and to reduce catarrhal problems. The root and root bark is alterative, blood tonic, cholagogue, diuretic, laxative and tonic. It improves the digestion and absorption and is taken internally in the treatment of psoriasis, syphilis, hemorrhages, stomach complaints and impure blood conditions. Externally, it has been used as a gargle for sore throats and as a wash for blurry or bloodshot eyes. The roots are harvested in late autumn or early spring and dried for later use. The fruit is an excellent gentle and safe laxative. Berberine, universally present in rhizomes of Mahonia species, has marked antibacterial effects and is used as a bitter tonic. Since it is not appreciably absorbed by the body, it is used orally in the treatment of various enteric infections, especially bacterial dysentery. It should not be used with Glycyrrhiza species (Licorice) because this nullifies the effects of the berberine. Berberine has also shown antitumour activity. The root and root bark are best harvested in the autumn.
OTHER USES: Dye, Yellow, Dark Green, Violet, Dark Bluish-purple, Hedge
A yellow dye is obtained from the inner bark of the stem and roots. It is green according to another report. Dark green, violet and dark blue-purple dyes are obtained from the fruit. A green dye is obtained from the leaves. This species can be grown as a low hedge and does not need trimming. Because of its suckering habit, it also makes a good dense ground cover plant though it can be slow to become established.
Gallbladder with small pure bilirubin stones containing bacterial colonies. It is uncertain whether the stones form around the bacterial colonies or if bacterial colonization is a secondary phenomenon.
Images contributed by Dr. Pascual Meseguer - @Histopatolomon
Gallbladder with small pure bilirubin stones containing bacterial colonies. It is uncertain whether the stones form around the bacterial colonies or if bacterial colonization is a secondary phenomenon.
Images contributed by Dr. Pascual Meseguer - @Histopatolomon
Sommer Juli 2011 Album
www.flickr.com/photos/arjuna/sets/72157627195833002/with/...
pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostropest_plamisty
Ostropest plamisty (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertner) – gatunek rośliny należący do rodziny astrowatych. Pochodzi z obszaru śródziemnomorskiego: Europa Południowa, Egipt, Izrael, Turcja[2]. Rozprzestrzenił się jako uciekinier z upraw w wielu rejonach świata[2]. W Polsce roślina uprawna, czasami zdziczała (ergazjofigofit).
Roślina lecznicza:
Surowiec zielarski : owoce, zawierające do 2-3% sylimaryny, która jest silnym przeciwutleniaczem. Wytwarza się z nich m.in. lek Sylimarol (w postaci pastylek). Można też samodzielnie sporządzać z nich odwar lub nalewkę. Lek ten ma zastosowanie zarówno profilaktycznie (np. podaje się go ludziom pracującym w oparach substancji chemicznych i napromieniowaniu), jak i lecznicze – przy marskości wątroby, stłuszczeniu wątroby, nieżytach dróg żółciowych, kamicy żółciowej, po żółtaczce, w trakcie leczenia nowotworów. Jest nieszkodliwy nawet dla kobiet ciężarnych i karmiących.
Działanie : przeciwzapalne, stymulujące regenerację i wytwarzanie nowych komórek wątroby, a przede wszystkim odtruwające. Chroni wątrobę przed licznymi truciznami, m.in. takimi, jak: alkohol, dwusiarczek węgla, pestycydy, a nawet truciznami muchomora sromotnikowego.
Interakcje : Hamuje aktywność CYP i innych enzymów. Prowadzi to do osłabienia działania takich leków jaki metronidazol (o 50%) i indinowir (nieznacznie).
Zbiór i suszenie : zrywa się owoce po przekwitnięciu i suszy.
Sztuka kulinarna: z dolnych liści rośliny można przyrządzać zdrowe sałatki.
Silybum marianum, colloquially identified as Carduus marianus, known as milk thistle, is an annual or biannual plant of the Asteraceae family. This fairly typical thistle has red to purple flowers and shiny pale green leaves with white veins. Originally a native of Southern Europe through to Asia, it is now found throughout the world. The medicinal parts of the plant are the ripe seeds.
Common names for this species include blessed milk thistle, Marian Thistle, Mary Thistle, Saint Mary's Thistle, Mediterranean Milk Thistle and Variegated Thistle.
Medicinal UsesIn herbalism, it is used in cases of liver diseases (cirrhosis, jaundice and hepatitis), gallbladder disease, and is claimed to protect the liver against poisons. Silibinin (syn. silybin, sylimarin I) is a hepatoprotective (antihepatotoxic), antioxidant (radical-scavenging agent), thus stabilizing and protecting the membrane lipids of the hepatocytes (liver cells). Silicristin inhibits the enzymes peroxidase and lipoxygenase. Silidianin is a plant growth regulator. A 2000 study of such claims by the AHRQ concluded that "clinical efficacy of milk thistle is not clearly established". However a more recent study did show activity against liver cancers. A 2005 Cochrane Review considered thirteen randomised clinical trials which assessed milk thistle in 915 patients with alcoholic and/or hepatitis B or C virus liver diseases. They question the beneficial effects of milk thistle for patients with alcoholic and/or hepatitis B or C virus liver diseases and highlight the lack of high-quality evidence to support this intervention. Cochrane concluded more good quality randomised clinical trials on milk thistle versus placebo are needed.
Its potent extract is used in medicine under the name silymarin (a flavonolignane complex consisting of silibinin A and B/silybin/silymarin I, isosilibinin A and B, silicristin/silymarin II, silidianin). Silibinin is used against poisoning by amanitas, such as the Death Cap (Amanita phalloides)[2] as well as in cerebral edema and acute hepatitis therapy.
Mary thistle has been grown as a medicinal plant in monasterial gardens since ancient times.The seed is the part of the plant used medicinally.
Silybum marianum extract has antifungal effects, it prevents the growth of dermatophytes more than saprophytes fungi.[3]
One pilot study shows milk thistle may be as effective as fluoxetine in treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder.
These were just the bruises that popped out right away ... by the end of my stay my arms were pretty much full on black and blue. All due to blood being drawn ... poorly. O_o
Medical illustration of the anatomy of the liver, gallbladder, and biliary system from an anterior (front) view, including the esophagus, liver, gall bladder, stomach, cystic duct, common hepatic duct, common bile duct, stomach, pylorus, duodenum, pancreas, and small intestine. Also shown are the cystic artery, left and right hepatic arteries, common hepatic arteries, and celiac trunk. --- Image by © Visuals Unlimited/Corbis
Microscopic Photo showing gallbladder wall tissue with extensive chronic inflammation and a subserosal lypmphoid follicule. A Rokitansky-Aschoff Sinuse is present near the lypmphoid follicule. H & E stain. 4X. Jian-Hua Qiao, MD, FCAP, Los Angeles, CA, USA. (乔建华医学博士， 美国病理学家学院专家会员。美国加州洛杉矶)
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Microscopic photo showing gallbladder mucosa with multiple dilated vessels in lamina propria and patchy mucosal hemorrhage. H & E stain. 40X original objective magnification. Jian-Hua Qiao, MD, FCAP, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Tenuous Link: Harry >> Hairy ********************************************************************************
This is the hand of an Orangutan. Her name is Inji, and she is at the Oregon Zoo in Portland, Oregon. I think I have her name spelled correctly. It is a huge hand. I think she is about 40 years old. I am not sure about that.
UPDATE on March 28, 2007. Inji is her name. She is one of the original members of the Portland Zoo, now called the Oregon Zoo in Portland, Oregon. She is a really cool Orangutan. For many years she has been given the choice of two Super Bowl Football team jerseys and whichever one she picked out to wear has been the winner that year, way more often than not.
She is 47 years old now, and one of the oldest members of the zoo, having come there when they first opened. She is recently, like within the last two weeks or so, recovering from gall bladder surgery.
******************************************************************************
For ABCs and 123s group >> O is for Orangutan Hand
(910f021402orangutanhand4aol)
These are bilirubin stones from the gallbladder. Bilirubin stones often contain bacteria. Here, the calculi contain colonies of Actinomyces, which have grown exuberantly, covering the stones. The histological section shows growth of calculi with Actinomyces in the form of concentric and radial sheets. It is uncertain whether the stones form around the bacterial colonies or if bacterial colonization is a secondary phenomenon. The stones also contain some cholesterol crystals, as seen in the last photo.
Images contributed by Dr. Pascual Meseguer - @Histopatolomon
Carbonated water eases the symptoms of indigestion (dyspepsia) and constipation, according to a recent study in the European Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2002; 14: 9919).
Dyspepsia is characterized by a group of symptoms including pain or discomfort in the upper abdomen, early sense of fullness after eating, bloating, belching, nausea, and sometimes vomiting. Approximately 25% of people living in Western societies suffer from dyspepsia every year, and the condition accounts for 2 to 5% of all visits to primary care providers. Inadequate motion in the digestive tract (peristalsis) is believed to be an important cause of dyspepsia. Other gastrointestinal problems, such as irritable bowel syndrome and constipation, frequently accompany dyspepsia.
Antacid medicationsover the counter acid neutralizers, prescription medicines that block stomach acid production, and medications that stimulate peristalsisare primary treatments for dyspepsia. However, antacids can interfere with the digestion and absorption of nutrients, and there is a possible association between long-term use of the acid-blocking drugs and increased risk of stomach cancer. Other healthcare providers recommend dietary changes, such as eating small frequent meals, reducing fat intake, and identifying and avoiding specific aggravating foods. For smokers with dyspepsia, quitting smoking is also recommended. Constipation is treated with increased water and fiber intake. Laxative medications are also prescribed by some practitioners, while others may test for food sensitivities and imbalances in the bacteria of the colon and treat these to alleviate constipation.
In this study, carbonated water was compared with tap water for its effect on dyspepsia, constipation, and general digestive function. Twenty-one people with indigestion and constipation were randomly assigned to drink at least 1. 5 liters daily of either carbonated or tap water for at least 15 days or until the end of the 30-day trial. At the beginning and the end of the trial all of the participants were given indigestion and constipation questionnaires and tests to evaluate stomach fullness after eating, gastric emptying (movement of food out of the stomach), gallbladder emptying, and intestinal transit time (the time for ingested substances to travel from mouth to anus).
Scores on the dyspepsia and constipation questionnaires were significantly better for those treated with carbonated water than for those who drank tap water. Eight of the ten people in the carbonated water group had marked improvement in dyspepsia scores at the end of the trial, two had no change and one worsened. In contrast, seven of eleven people in the tap water group had worsening of dyspepsia scores, and only four experienced improvement. Constipation scores improved for eight people and worsened for two after carbonated water treatment, while scores for five people improved and six worsened in the tap water group. Further evaluation revealed that carbonated water specifically decreased early stomach fullness and increased gallbladder emptying, while tap water did not.
Carbonated water has been used for centuries to treat digestive complaints, yet virtually no research exists to support its effectiveness. The carbonated water used in this trial not only had significantly more carbon dioxide than does tap water, but also was found to have much higher levels of minerals including sodium, potassium, sulfate, fluoride, chloride, magnesium, and calcium. Other studies have shown that both the bubbles of carbon dioxide and the presence of high levels of minerals can stimulate digestive function. Additional research is needed to determine whether this mineral-rich carbonated water would be more effective at relieving dyspepsia than would carbonated tap water. flavoredsparklingwater.com