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11 сентября 2014, Литургия в день памяти Усекновения главы Пророка, Предтечи и Крестителя Господня Иоанна / 11 September 2014, Liturgy on the Beheading of the Glorious Prophet, Forerunner, and Baptist John
An early forerunner of the encyclopedia, De Proprietatibus Rerum dates from the 13th century and is often described as a bestiary although its focus encompasses theology and astrology as well as the natural sciences (as understood in 1240).
An early forerunner of the encyclopedia, De Proprietatibus Rerum dates from the 13th century and is often described as a bestiary although its focus encompasses theology and astrology as well as the natural sciences (as understood in 1240).
forerunner 50
made by garmin, yet lacks any gps capabilities. bit like ford making a car without an engine.
The Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center is the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum (NASM)'s annex at Washington Dulles International Airport in the Chantilly area of Fairfax County, Virginia, United States.
Boeing 367-80 Jet Transport
On July 15, 1954, a graceful, swept-winged aircraft, bedecked in brown and yellow paint and powered by four revolutionary new engines, first took to the sky above Seattle. Built by the Boeing Aircraft Company, the 367-80, better known as the Dash 80, would come to revolutionize commercial air transportation when its developed version entered service as the famous Boeing 707, America's first jet airliner.
An early forerunner of the encyclopedia, De Proprietatibus Rerum dates from the 13th century and is often described as a bestiary although its focus encompasses theology and astrology as well as the natural sciences (as understood in 1240).
University of Pennsylvania pre-orientation program at the Penn Wharton China Center in Beijing. July 11 and 12.
An early forerunner of the encyclopedia, De Proprietatibus Rerum dates from the 13th century and is often described as a bestiary although its focus encompasses theology and astrology as well as the natural sciences (as understood in 1240).
Bethel and the Moravians.
The Czech Moravian Brethren of Bethel near Tarlee were one of the unique religious groups to settle in this “Paradise of Dissent”. Moravia is a province of the Czech Republic (around Prague) which was from 1850 part of Bohemia. The origins of the Brethren go back to John Huss a Catholic heretic who in 1415 was burned at the stake by the Catholic Church. Heretic followers of Huss formed a breakaway group from the Catholic Church in 1467 including some forerunners of the Moravian Brethren. Martin Luther created the big break from the Catholic Church in Germany in 1517. Eventually during the Counter Reformation and the Thirty Years War (1618-48), a new group of Moravian Brethren moved to Saxony in 1722 to the town of Herrnhut. A new spiritual awakening and the founding of a Moravian Church occurred in 1727 led by Count Zinzendorf (1700-1760). In 1735 many Moravians went to America and founded the church there in the colonies of Georgia, Pennsylvania and North Carolina. About 825,000 people worldwide are today members of the Moravian Brethren (Unitas Fratrum). They base everything on the Bible and bishops are selected and elected from the most spiritual members. They pursue missionary work, especially in Africa, and the largest concentration of Moravians today is in Tanzania! They allow members lots of freedom and members can be members of other churches, such as the Lutheran or Presbyterian Churches with which they maintain close links. The Moravian Church is part of the Lutheran World Federation. In Australia Moravians settled in the Western Districts of Victoria from 1850 as well as at Bethel near Tarlee from 1854. Bethel is a German word meaning “place of God.” The Moravians formed “utopian like” communities with communal lands here at Bethel and also at Herrnhut near Hamilton in Western Victoria. Their purpose in forming a farming commune in South Australia was fuelled by the desire for freedom and independence to follow their Christian beliefs and traditions.
The Moravian Brethren came from Saxony although the sect was originally Czech. So they spoke German and usually had German names. They are perhaps best known for their system of houses or “choirs” whereby they maintained separate seating in church for women, men, and single sisters and widows who were separated from the rest of the community. Virgins and single women were usually required to live in one large house together so that their spiritual needs could be dealt with separately. When a girl turned sixteen she was obliged to always wear some pink, usually a scarf or shawl but for church she might wear a pink blouse. Married women would always wear a rich red scarf or shawl. This practice of separating men and women carried over to the cemetery as well, with women being buried on one side and men on the other. You can see this today in the old part of the Bethel cemetery.
In 1854 a pastor by the name of Schondorf was sent out by the parent church at Herrnhut in Saxony to establish a traditional Moravian Christian commune. Schondorf bought up 1,912 acres near Tarlee. The centre of the commune was to be one hundred acres of church property which initially was to be governed and managed by the community for the welfare of the church and pastor alike. A church and school were built and families allocated land which they thought they were buying. The Moravians worked harmoniously together to build their homes, clear their land, and establish a little village in which the focal point was the Church. The Band Hall was for their music performances as these people had a great culture of fine German and European music and they regularly staged performances and concerts, and those musicians in their commune would practice together. They saw their musical talents as perhaps their greatest possession. The Moravians also had a number of different ceremonies, one was the coming of age, or debut, for the girls at sixteen and also the young men attaining their majority at 21 years of age. There were many other functions and ceremonies mostly attached to their worship, Christmas and Easter taking pre-eminence.
All went well for the first twenty years until families discovered they were not buying land, they were only renting it. The community wrote to the mother church in Herrnhut asking for a new priest. In the early 1870's a number in the church members, mainly the younger generation, felt Schondorf was getting too old (he was 60) and they could do with someone with more fluency and style. So they wrote to Herrnhut in Bohemia asking for a younger pastor - without telling Pastor Schondorf. When he found out he objected, refusing to move from the church house because it had been legally signed over to him some years before. The governing committee took him to court but they lost the case and then they took it to the Supreme Court of South Australia where they lost it again. This brought about a permanent rift in the community. However when the new pastor (Jacobi) arrived in 1876 Schondorf had to move out to a cottage he had built for himself about half a mile from the church. Some of the commune members went to his home for services, but in 1877 Schondorf retired a broken man. He died in 1898 and was buried in Kapunda. A few of the community had stayed loyal to Schondorf and they built another church by Schondorf’s cottage 1876. The ruins of the Schondorf properties can be seen from Bethel.
The new Moravian Brethren pastor named Jacobi arrived in 1876. Pastor Jacobi continued until 1891 when he died. Herrnhut then sent out another man, Pastor Buch, but just a few years later in 1895 the Lutherans built a large church at Bethel adjacent to the community. Most of the remaining Moravian Brethren began to attend the Lutheran Church. Pastor Buch was recalled to Bohemia in 1906 so the community severed their connection with Herrnhut in Bohemia and joined a Lutheran Synod. Many of the Moravians were not happy with the new arrangement as the Lutheran pastor (Benman) progressively brought in the practices of the Lutherans including robes, fees for weddings and funerals etc. Not far away from Bethel other Lutherans and Wends ( now called Sorbs) built another Lutheran Church only a kilometre away at Steinthal. The Moravians continued in SA with an offshoot community at South Kilkerran on Yorke Peninsula as the Moravians practised their missionary with the Narrunga people of Yorke Peninsula at Point Pearce Aboriginal Mission. The ruins of Schondorf’s second house, church and graveyard can be seen from the Bethel Lutheran Church. The Moravian church and large school has now been demolished. The Lutheran manse next to the Lutheran Church was built in 1908. The Moravian burials are numbered chronologically, with men and women separated.
As well as the Moravian Brethren there were a number of people of Wendish origin living in the Bethel district. They were from Lusatia, a small area in Germany and had struggled for centuries to maintain their own culture, language and worship although over-ruled by Saxony and Prussia for most of the time. This group had come out to South Australia in 1848, settling at near Riverton, Ebenezer and St Kitts. But some Wends like Peter and George Doecke took up land at Bethel in 1856. Soon others of their family followed. They joined in worship with the Moravians and their children attended the Bethel school, (German being spoken) but by 1860 this influx was over-crowding both the school and the Moravian church. Peter Doecke decided to erect a room on his property for a school and a bit later another to be used as a church which they called "Steinthal". It had an altar and a pipe organ (donated by Peter Doecke who was the organist) and a choir of six! Most of the congregation were Peter Doecke's relatives, and pastors came from neighbouring areas to preach there. They remained on good terms with Pastor Schondorf (he was often a guest preacher) and there was a lot of inter-marrying between the Wends and the Moravians. Both practised infant baptism. In 1906 Peter Doecke died and as numbers at Steinthal had declined the Wendish group asked to be amalgamated with the Moravian Church which amalgamated with the Lutheran Church at that time.
An early forerunner of the encyclopedia, De Proprietatibus Rerum dates from the 13th century and is often described as a bestiary although its focus encompasses theology and astrology as well as the natural sciences (as understood in 1240).
(another pictures you can see by clicking on the link at the end of page!)
The history of Vienna's Christmas market
The assumption, forerunners of the Viennese Christmas market had been held for more than 600 years ago, is not true. In the year 1382, to which these assumptions relate, renewed Duke Albrecht III only the market law of the City of Vienna. This allowed, among other things, the holding of fairs, which took place 14 days before and after Christ's ascension, and 14 days before and after St. Kathrein (November 25). These markets, however, were not related with the celebration of Christmas.
In medieval Vienna, there was no Christmas markets. The urban settlements from this period have no income and expenditure in such a context. The invoices from the 17th Century exist only patchy.
Therefore no reliable date can be specified for the first occurrence of Christmas markets. Records from 1600 show that cabins on the trench (Graben) and on the fire place (Brandstätte), ie before Sankt Stephan, on 9 January have been dismantled and on 16 and 17 December re-erected. This market bore the name "Thomas market". In these stalls Peckn (Baker), gingerbread maker and Zuggerpacher (confectioners) offered their goods. These stands were found around Christmas time in the area Graben - Stephansplatz to the year in 1761. Then, this market was closed.
First mentioned in 1722
Already in 1722 found a on Freyung held "St. Nicholas, Christmas and Nativity market" mention. Since at the same time was a regular market there, conflicts between the state holders of the one and the other market in 1842 led to the tentative relocation of Nicholas and Christmas market on the square Am Hof. This relocation was definitely 1843, each time on the 5th December, the 132 cribs market stalls were set up and remained standing until the New Year.
End of Fairs
Black and white photo of the Christmas market in the winter with snow 1917
The Christmas market am Hof (1917 )
1872 the old Viennese markets were closed by a decision of the council, as they had lost their original meaning in the modern city. The exception was the Christmas Market. 1903, the 128 stands were renewed and received first electric lighting.
First and Second World War
A difficult time for the now regular "Christkindlmarkt" named event began with the First World War. In 1923 it was held again on the Freyung, 1924-1928 modest extent before the Stephansdom. From 1929 on the Neubaugürtel - above the Hesserdenkmals (Monument) - relocated, the Christmas market came 1938 on the Am Hof square back. During the Christmas time of 1943 once again the Stephansplatz was its location. Then the fast to the city approaching and across moving war prevented its holding. At Christmas 1946, a new start on the square before the Trade Fair Palace was attempted.
Last Location Town Square
Black and white photo : Entrance to the Christmas Market with visitors and cottages 1950
The Christmas market at the Neubaugürtel (1950 )
1949 the Christmas Market moved back to the Neubaugürtel, where he remained until 1957. Then again held before the Trade Fair Palace, failed in 1963 an attempt to establish the Christkindlmarkt as a counterpart to fasting market in the Kalvarienberggasse in the 17th district. 1975 had to be found an alternative venue because of the construction of the underground car park in front of the Messepalast (trade fair palace). First, temporarily set up at the town hall square, soon the combination of the Christmas market and the "Magic of Advent" in both sides of the adjacent City Hall Park created such a moody atmosphere that this location for years to come seems certain for the Christmas market .
www.wien.gv.at/wirtschaft/marktamt/maerkte/geschichte/chr...
This is one of my favorite icons of the Forerunner. It is part of the iconostasis at St. Thomas in Kokomo, IN. The iconographer lives in Ohio... I think.
The Elementary Education Act 1870 was really the beginning of state education. Local authorities were empowered to set up School Boards to organise and run the schools. They were the forerunner to Local Education Committees which replaced them in 1902.
Birmingham took up the idea with enthusiasm and, over the next 32 years, built 51 schools. JH Chamberlain was appointed architect to the Board and the firm of Martin and Chamberlain designed all but four of the schools as well as the School Board offices. Not sure that such a monopoly would be allowed these days! Perhaps the reason that no-one then complained too much was that the buildings were superbly designed and the outsides richly decorated. George Dixon was Chairman of the Board for 20 years - commemorated in the school named after him in City Road Edgbaston.
The schools became known as "the best building in the neighbourhood", perhaps no great accolade in that they are surrounded mainly by Victorian terraced housing of no great architectural quality. But their design and attention to detail made the important points that education mattered and children deserved to learn in decent surroundings.
About half of them have been demolished but, of those that remain, many are stunning buildings and rightly Grade II listed. Perhaps the most well known example of the Board Schools is Oozells Street School (1878), now refurbished and slightly altered to become the Ikon Gallery in Brindley Place. Like Oozells Street, most of them had towers, which were a critical part of the ventilation system.
Somerville Road School was built in 1894. It is not a listed building but remains in use as Somerville Primary School.
They are worth seeking out and capturing - on non-school days. They include -
An early forerunner of the encyclopedia, De Proprietatibus Rerum dates from the 13th century and is often described as a bestiary although its focus encompasses theology and astrology as well as the natural sciences (as understood in 1240).
An early forerunner of the encyclopedia, De Proprietatibus Rerum dates from the 13th century and is often described as a bestiary although its focus encompasses theology and astrology as well as the natural sciences (as understood in 1240).
One of the cool features of the Garmin Forerunner 15 is the ability to track the number of steps made on a daily basis. If it detects (perhaps because of a built-in accelerometer) that the wearer's rear end has been cozy with any surface for at least an hour, it will display this sign. The way to make it go away is to get up and do some activity for at least 2 to 3 minutes.
An early forerunner of the encyclopedia, De Proprietatibus Rerum dates from the 13th century and is often described as a bestiary although its focus encompasses theology and astrology as well as the natural sciences (as understood in 1240).
(another pictures you can see by clicking on the link at the end of page!)
The history of Vienna's Christmas market
The assumption, forerunners of the Viennese Christmas market had been held for more than 600 years ago, is not true. In the year 1382, to which these assumptions relate, renewed Duke Albrecht III only the market law of the City of Vienna. This allowed, among other things, the holding of fairs, which took place 14 days before and after Christ's ascension, and 14 days before and after St. Kathrein (November 25). These markets, however, were not related with the celebration of Christmas.
In medieval Vienna, there was no Christmas markets. The urban settlements from this period have no income and expenditure in such a context. The invoices from the 17th Century exist only patchy.
Therefore no reliable date can be specified for the first occurrence of Christmas markets. Records from 1600 show that cabins on the trench (Graben) and on the fire place (Brandstätte), ie before Sankt Stephan, on 9 January have been dismantled and on 16 and 17 December re-erected. This market bore the name "Thomas market". In these stalls Peckn (Baker), gingerbread maker and Zuggerpacher (confectioners) offered their goods. These stands were found around Christmas time in the area Graben - Stephansplatz to the year in 1761. Then, this market was closed.
First mentioned in 1722
Already in 1722 found a on Freyung held "St. Nicholas, Christmas and Nativity market" mention. Since at the same time was a regular market there, conflicts between the state holders of the one and the other market in 1842 led to the tentative relocation of Nicholas and Christmas market on the square Am Hof. This relocation was definitely 1843, each time on the 5th December, the 132 cribs market stalls were set up and remained standing until the New Year.
End of Fairs
Black and white photo of the Christmas market in the winter with snow 1917
The Christmas market am Hof (1917 )
1872 the old Viennese markets were closed by a decision of the council, as they had lost their original meaning in the modern city. The exception was the Christmas Market. 1903, the 128 stands were renewed and received first electric lighting.
First and Second World War
A difficult time for the now regular "Christkindlmarkt" named event began with the First World War. In 1923 it was held again on the Freyung, 1924-1928 modest extent before the Stephansdom. From 1929 on the Neubaugürtel - above the Hesserdenkmals (Monument) - relocated, the Christmas market came 1938 on the Am Hof square back. During the Christmas time of 1943 once again the Stephansplatz was its location. Then the fast to the city approaching and across moving war prevented its holding. At Christmas 1946, a new start on the square before the Trade Fair Palace was attempted.
Last Location Town Square
Black and white photo : Entrance to the Christmas Market with visitors and cottages 1950
The Christmas market at the Neubaugürtel (1950 )
1949 the Christmas Market moved back to the Neubaugürtel, where he remained until 1957. Then again held before the Trade Fair Palace, failed in 1963 an attempt to establish the Christkindlmarkt as a counterpart to fasting market in the Kalvarienberggasse in the 17th district. 1975 had to be found an alternative venue because of the construction of the underground car park in front of the Messepalast (trade fair palace). First, temporarily set up at the town hall square, soon the combination of the Christmas market and the "Magic of Advent" in both sides of the adjacent City Hall Park created such a moody atmosphere that this location for years to come seems certain for the Christmas market .
www.wien.gv.at/wirtschaft/marktamt/maerkte/geschichte/chr...
17-18 сентября 2022, Неделя 14-я по Пятидесятнице. Прор. Захарии и прав. Елисаветы, родителей св. Иоанна Предтечи / 17-18 September 2022, 14th Sunday after Pentecost. Holy Prophet Zachariah and Righteous Elizabeth, parents of St. John the Forerunner
An early forerunner of the encyclopedia, De Proprietatibus Rerum dates from the 13th century and is often described as a bestiary although its focus encompasses theology and astrology as well as the natural sciences (as understood in 1240).
An early forerunner of the encyclopedia, De Proprietatibus Rerum dates from the 13th century and is often described as a bestiary although its focus encompasses theology and astrology as well as the natural sciences (as understood in 1240).
An early forerunner of the encyclopedia, De Proprietatibus Rerum dates from the 13th century and is often described as a bestiary although its focus encompasses theology and astrology as well as the natural sciences (as understood in 1240).
★ Garmin Forerunner 410 GPSEnabled Sports Watch with Heart Rate Monitor See More Detail at this Link: Read Full Detail | Compare
★ Garmin Forerunner 410 GPSEnabled Sports Watch with Heart Rate Monitor More..
An early forerunner of the encyclopedia, De Proprietatibus Rerum dates from the 13th century and is often described as a bestiary although its focus encompasses theology and astrology as well as the natural sciences (as understood in 1240).
N6077V
From EAA Website:
The EAA Biplane was one the first original designs published by the Experimental Aircraft Association. A popular and successful design in its own right, the EAA Biplane was also the forerunner of EAA’s popular Acro Sport series of aerobatic homebuilts.
In 1955, EAA founder Paul Poberezny was looking for a new design for a sporty-looking, open cockpit biplane for homebuilders. He turned to EAA member Jim D. Stewart to draw up plans for an easy-to-build biplane that would take advantage of up-to-date materials and methods. At the time, Stewart was an aeronautical engineer at the famed Allison Engine Company in Indianapolis, Indiana.
Stewart and three other Allison engineers agreed to design an airplane and draw a set of plans. Initially, they based their design on the Gere biplane, a popular 1930s-era homebuilt, but soon abandoned that route as impractical and created an entirely new design. It used a welded-tube fuselage and wooden wing, with fabric covering, and was powered by a 65-hp Continental engine.
Robert Blacker, and his students at St. Rita’s High School, in Chicago, Illinois, had just finished construction of a Corben Baby Ace homebuilt airplane as a class project. Blacker and his students agreed to build the EAA Biplane prototype as the focus of Blacker’s high school course in aircraft construction. Work began in 1957 and continued at the school through 1960. The students added their own modifications to streamline the airframe, including an enclosed bubble canopy for the cockpit, a pressure cowling for the engine, and streamlined fairings on the wing and strut fittings.
In its first test flights, in June 1960, the airplane did not perform well, and it was returned to the school for modifications. These included a redesigned horizontal stabilizer and the addition of two degrees of incidence in the upper wing. Further test flights in November were much more successful and with a modified cowling to improve engine cooling and a new metal propeller, the airplane performed pretty much as its designers intended.
The EAA Biplane was then moved to EAA headquarters in Hales Corners, Wisconsin, for more modifications and testing. The bubble canopy was removed and replaced with a turtle deck, headrest, and windscreen, as in the original drawings. Paul and other EAA members suggested other changes to improve the airplane, including a larger 85-hp engine, new instrument panel, smaller cockpit opening, redesigned engine and fuselage cowlings, and the addition of a propeller hub spinner. Several EAA members completed these modifications in time to unveil the completed prototype at the 1961 EAA convention at Rockford, Illinois. The plans for the EAA Biplane were updated and offered for sale for $20 with profits dedicated to the EAA Air Education Museum Building Fund.
A Commitment to Young People
Based in part on the success of Blacker’s aviation class projects, Paul chose the EAA Biplane for a new educational program to be called Project Schoolflight. The goal of the program was to introduce young people to aviation through airplane building projects like those at St. Rita’s High School. Such projects, Paul reasoned, would teach a variety of basic, practical skills in woodworking, metal shaping, welding, aircraft rigging, fabric covering, and painting, while introducing students to aviation hobbies and careers. Many schools and EAA members expressed interest in Project Schoolflight, but only a few class projects were ever undertaken, and the program was discontinued in the late 1980s.
Length: 17 feet
Wingspan: 20 feet
Height: 6 feet
Empty Weight: 695 pounds
Gross Weight: 1,023 pounds
Crew: 1
Powerplant: Continental C-85
Horsepower: 85 hp
Maximum Speed: 105 mph
Cruise Speed: 90 mph
Range: 200 miles
An early forerunner of the encyclopedia, De Proprietatibus Rerum dates from the 13th century and is often described as a bestiary although its focus encompasses theology and astrology as well as the natural sciences (as understood in 1240).
An early forerunner of the encyclopedia, De Proprietatibus Rerum dates from the 13th century and is often described as a bestiary although its focus encompasses theology and astrology as well as the natural sciences (as understood in 1240).
SEVERSKY P-35
The P-35, a forerunner of the Republic P-47, was the U.S. Army Air Corps' (USAAC) first production single-seat, all-metal pursuit plane with retractable landing gear and an enclosed cockpit. The USAAC accepted 76 P-35s in 1937-1938, and assigned all but one of them to the 1st Pursuit Group at Selfridge Field, Mich.
Sweden also purchased 60 improved aircraft (designated EP-106), but the United States diverted a second order for 60 to the USAAC in 1940 and assigned them to the 17th and 20th Pursuit Squadrons in the Philippines. These aircraft, redesignated P-35As, were all lost in action early in the war. Ironically, the Japanese Navy ordered 20 two-seat versions of the P-35 in 1938, and these became the only American-built planes used operationally by the Japanese during World War II.
The aircraft on display, the only known surviving P-35, served with the 94th Pursuit Squadron, 1st Pursuit Group. The aircraft was restored by the 133rd Tactical Airlift Wing, Minnesota Air National Guard, with assistance from students of the Minneapolis Vocational Institute. It is marked as the P-35A flown by the 17th Pursuit Squadron commander, 1Lt. Buzz Wagner, in the Philippines in the spring of 1941.
TECHNICAL NOTES:
Armament: One .50-cal. and one .30-cal. fuselage mounted machine gun plus 320 lbs. of bombs
Engine: Pratt & Whitney R-1830 of 850 hp
Maximum speed: 280 mph
Cruising speed: 260 mph
Range: 625 miles
Ceiling: 30,600 ft.
Span: 36 ft.
Length: 25 ft. 4 in.
Height: 9 ft. 9 1/2 in.
Weight: 5,600 lbs. maximum
(another pictures you can see by clicking on the link at the end of page!)
The history of Vienna's Christmas market
The assumption, forerunners of the Viennese Christmas market had been held for more than 600 years ago, is not true. In the year 1382, to which these assumptions relate, renewed Duke Albrecht III only the market law of the City of Vienna. This allowed, among other things, the holding of fairs, which took place 14 days before and after Christ's ascension, and 14 days before and after St. Kathrein (November 25). These markets, however, were not related with the celebration of Christmas.
In medieval Vienna, there was no Christmas markets. The urban settlements from this period have no income and expenditure in such a context. The invoices from the 17th Century exist only patchy.
Therefore no reliable date can be specified for the first occurrence of Christmas markets. Records from 1600 show that cabins on the trench (Graben) and on the fire place (Brandstätte), ie before Sankt Stephan, on 9 January have been dismantled and on 16 and 17 December re-erected. This market bore the name "Thomas market". In these stalls Peckn (Baker), gingerbread maker and Zuggerpacher (confectioners) offered their goods. These stands were found around Christmas time in the area Graben - Stephansplatz to the year in 1761. Then, this market was closed.
First mentioned in 1722
Already in 1722 found a on Freyung held "St. Nicholas, Christmas and Nativity market" mention. Since at the same time was a regular market there, conflicts between the state holders of the one and the other market in 1842 led to the tentative relocation of Nicholas and Christmas market on the square Am Hof. This relocation was definitely 1843, each time on the 5th December, the 132 cribs market stalls were set up and remained standing until the New Year.
End of Fairs
Black and white photo of the Christmas market in the winter with snow 1917
The Christmas market am Hof (1917 )
1872 the old Viennese markets were closed by a decision of the council, as they had lost their original meaning in the modern city. The exception was the Christmas Market. 1903, the 128 stands were renewed and received first electric lighting.
First and Second World War
A difficult time for the now regular "Christkindlmarkt" named event began with the First World War. In 1923 it was held again on the Freyung, 1924-1928 modest extent before the Stephansdom. From 1929 on the Neubaugürtel - above the Hesserdenkmals (Monument) - relocated, the Christmas market came 1938 on the Am Hof square back. During the Christmas time of 1943 once again the Stephansplatz was its location. Then the fast to the city approaching and across moving war prevented its holding. At Christmas 1946, a new start on the square before the Trade Fair Palace was attempted.
Last Location Town Square
Black and white photo : Entrance to the Christmas Market with visitors and cottages 1950
The Christmas market at the Neubaugürtel (1950 )
1949 the Christmas Market moved back to the Neubaugürtel, where he remained until 1957. Then again held before the Trade Fair Palace, failed in 1963 an attempt to establish the Christkindlmarkt as a counterpart to fasting market in the Kalvarienberggasse in the 17th district. 1975 had to be found an alternative venue because of the construction of the underground car park in front of the Messepalast (trade fair palace). First, temporarily set up at the town hall square, soon the combination of the Christmas market and the "Magic of Advent" in both sides of the adjacent City Hall Park created such a moody atmosphere that this location for years to come seems certain for the Christmas market .
www.wien.gv.at/wirtschaft/marktamt/maerkte/geschichte/chr...
University of Pennsylvania Forerunner Pre-orientation Program, Penn Wharton China Center, Beijing. July 11, 12, 2015. Photos by the Chinese Student and Scholar Association at Penn.
University of Pennsylvania Forerunner Pre-orientation Program, Penn Wharton China Center, Beijing. July 11, 12, 2015. Photos by the Chinese Student and Scholar Association at Penn.
Hutcheson's Monument on Kerrera
This stone obelisk overlooking the north entrance to Oban Bay is a memorial to David Hutcheson who set up a regular steamer service to the Hebrides in 1835. This service was the forerunner of the Caledonian MacBrayne ferries of today. The inscription panel reads:-
ERECTED
BY A GRATEFUL PUBLIC
IN MEMORY OF
DAVID HUTCHESON
BY WHOSE ENERGY AND ENTERPRISE
THE BENEFITS OF
GREATLY IMPROVED
STEAM COMMUNICATION
WERE CONFERRED ON
THE WEST HIGHLANDS AND ISLANDS
OF SCOTLAND
1883
The northern end of Kerrera looks across at Oban Bay and the town of Oban beyond it. To get to Kerrera you first travel a mile and a half from Oban south to Gallanach. The small ferry from the slipway there transports you across several hundred yards of water: and back several hundred years in time. Ferry fares and timetables are set out on the right.
Cottage and Cart
Farmstead
Gylen Castle
The Kerrera Ferry
Kerrera is a tranquil place, and its 30 residents go to great lengths to keep it that way. The only motor vehicles on the island are those owned by islanders, but as the walk around the whole of the south end of the island is only six miles in length, that is no real hardship. If you visit, the best way to experience the island is to take on the circular walk of southern Kerrera.
If you tackle the walk clockwise, you quickly come to Horseshoe Bay. In more recent times this has been the location of a lobster packing operation.
Kerrera's West Coast
The Hutcheson Monument
Northern Kerrera
West Coast Seen from Mull Ferry
Horseshoe Bay is better know as where King Alexander II died, on 8 July 1249. He was poised with a large fleet in Oban Bay to try to retake Western Scotland from the Norwegians when he fell inexplicably ill. On coming ashore from his flagship to recover, he died at Horseshoe Bay. See our Historical Timeline.
As you come to the southern end of the island you are faced with junction in the path. Ahead of you it continues around the island, while the track to your left leads to Gylen Castle. If you tackle the ten minute walk to the castle first, you will find the path leads you past a rocky beach and then steeply up to an "L" plan tower house, built in 1587. This clings to the peak of a headland that falls away dramatically on all sides.
When we last visited in Spring 2002, work was under way to consolidate the castle and stop it disintegrating into the sea. Even surrounded by scaffolding it is an impressive ruin in an impressive location. The scaffolding has since been removed, revealing the castle in its true glory. This strong location did the resident MacDougalls little good when Gylen Castle was besieged then burned by Major-General Leslie's Covenanter Army during the Wars of the Covenant in 1647. All those sheltering in the castle were killed during the attack or after surrendering.
As you press on around the island you first encounter Kerrera's rocky southern coast, before cutting across a shoulder of land to walk along a footpath fairly high on the western flank of the island. The views west to Mull and north along the length of Kerrera are truly magnificent.
As you near completion of your circular tour of Kerrera, you have the option of extending the walk to take in the north end of the island. This takes you past the boatyard at Ardantrive, looking across to Oban. On high ground at the very north end of Kerrera is the obelisk that serves as a memorial to David Hutcheson, one of the founders of what became Caledonian Macbrayne.
An early forerunner of the encyclopedia, De Proprietatibus Rerum dates from the 13th century and is often described as a bestiary although its focus encompasses theology and astrology as well as the natural sciences (as understood in 1240).
11 сентября 2014, Литургия в день памяти Усекновения главы Пророка, Предтечи и Крестителя Господня Иоанна / 11 September 2014, Liturgy on the Beheading of the Glorious Prophet, Forerunner, and Baptist John
University of Pennsylvania Forerunner Pre-orientation Program, Penn Wharton China Center, Beijing. July 11, 12, 2015. Photos by the Chinese Student and Scholar Association at Penn.
University of Pennsylvania Forerunner Pre-orientation Program, Penn Wharton China Center, Beijing. July 11, 12, 2015. Photos by the Chinese Student and Scholar Association at Penn.