forceps photos on Flickr

Judging by the overall size, and the development of the wing buds, this is surely a final instar (presumed 4th) wiglet. The characteristic red colouration of the mandibles & forceps is quite apparent.

Garden compost heap.

Forcipiger flavissimus - Poisson-pincette jaune ou Chelmon à long bec ou Poisson-papillon long bec - Yellow longnose butterflyfish or Forceps butterflyfish - 20/06/17 by Philippe BOISSEL

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Forcipiger flavissimus - Poisson-pincette jaune ou Chelmon à long bec ou Poisson-papillon long bec - Yellow longnose butterflyfish or Forceps butterflyfish

Temple Of Kom Ombo, Kom Ombo, Egypt. by PHOTOGRAPHY by DM & DBM.

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en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple_of_Kom_Ombo

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kom_Ombo

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemaic_dynasty

The Temple of Kom Ombo is an unusual double temple in the town of Kom Ombo in Aswan Governorate, Upper Egypt. It was constructed during the Ptolemaic dynasty, 180–47 BC. Some additions to it were later made during the Roman period.

Architecture

The building is unique because its 'double' design meant that there were courts, halls, sanctuaries and rooms duplicated for two sets of gods. The southern half of the temple was dedicated to the crocodile god Sobek, god of fertility and creator of the world with Hathor and Khonsu. Meanwhile, the northern part of the temple was dedicated to the falcon god Haroeris ("Horus the Elder"), along "with Tasenetnofret (the Good Sister, a special form of Hathor or Tefnet/Tefnut) and Panebtawy (Lord of the Two Lands)". The temple is atypical because everything is perfectly symmetrical along the main axis.

Decorations

The texts and reliefs in the temple refer to cultic liturgies which were similar to those from that time period. The temple itself had a specific theology. The characters invoked the gods of Kom Ombo and their legend. Two themes were present in this temple: the universalist theme and the local theme. The two combine to form the theology of this temple. A temple was already built in the New Kingdom to honor these gods, however, this site gained in importance during the Ptolemaic Kingdom. Little remains of the New Kingdom temple. The existing temple was begun by Ptolemy VI Philometor (180–145 BC) at the beginning of his reign and added to by other Ptolemies, most notably Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator (51–47 BC), who built the inner and outer hypostyles. The scene on the inner face of the rear wall of the temple is of particular interest, and "probably represents a set of surgical instruments".

Current state

Much of the temple has been destroyed by the Nile, earthquakes, and later builders who used its stones for other projects. Some of the reliefs inside were defaced by Copts, who once used the temple as a church. All the temples buildings in the southern part of the plateau were cleared of debris and restored by Jacques de Morgan in 1893.

Crocodile Museum

A few of the three hundred crocodile mummies discovered in the vicinity are displayed in The Crocodile Museum.

In April 2018, the Egyptian Ministry of Antiquities announced the discovery of the head of the bust of Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius during work to protect the site from groundwater.

In September 2018, the Egyptian antiquities ministry announced that a sandstone sphinx statue had been discovered at the temple. The statue, measuring approximately 28 cm (11 in) in width and 38 cm (15 in) in height, likely dates to the Ptolemaic Dynasty.

Kom Ombo (Egyptian Arabic: كوم أمبو‎; Coptic: ⲙ̄ⲃⲱ əmbō or ⲛ̄ⲃⲱ ənbō; Ancient Greek: Ὄμβοι Omboi or Ὄμβος Ombos; or Latin: Ambo and Ombi is an agricultural town in Egypt famous for the Temple of Kom Ombo. It was originally an Egyptian city called Nubt, meaning City of Gold (not to be confused with the city north of Naqada that was also called Nubt/Ombos). Nubt is also known as Nubet or Nubyt (Nbyt). It became a Greek settlement during the Greco-Roman Period. The town's location on the Nile, 50 kilometres (31 mi) north of Aswan (Syene), gave it some control over trade routes from Nubia to the Nile Valley, but its main rise to prominence came with the erection of the Temple of Kom Ombo in the 2nd century BC.

History

In antiquity the city was in the Thebaid, the capital of the Nomos Ombites, on the east bank of the Nile; latitude 24° 6' north. Ombos was a garrison town under every dynasty of Egypt as well as the Ptolemaic Kingdom and Roman Egypt, and was celebrated for the magnificence of its temples and its hereditary feud with the people of Dendera.

Ombos was the first city below Aswan at which any remarkable remains of antiquity occur. The Nile, indeed, at this portion of its course, was ill-suited to a dense population in antiquity. It runs between steep and narrow banks of sandstone, and deposits but little of its fertilizing slime upon the dreary and barren shores. There are two temples at Ombos, constructed of the stone obtained from the neighboring quarries of Hagar Silsilah.

The more magnificent of two stands upon the top of a sandy hill, and appears to have been a species of Pantheon, since, according to extant inscriptions, it was dedicated to Haroeris and the other deities of the Ombite nome by the soldiers quartered there. The smaller temple to the northwest was sacred to the goddess Isis. Both, indeed, are of an imposing architecture, and still retain the brilliant colors with which their builders adorned them. However, they are from the Ptolemaic Kingdom, with the exception of a doorway of sandstone, built into a wall of brick. This was part of a temple built by Thutmose III in honor of the crocodile-headed god Sobek. The monarch is represented on tress, the doorjambs, holding the measuring reed and chisel, the emblems of construction, and in the act of dedicating the temple.

The Ptolemaic portions of the larger temple present an exception to an almost universal rule in Egyptian architecture. It has no propylon or dromos in front of it, and the portico has an uneven number of columns, in all fifteen, arranged in a triple row. Of these columns, thirteen are still erect. As there are two principal entrances, the temple would seem to be two united in one, strengthening the supposition that it was the Pantheon of the Ombite nome. On a cornice above the doorway of one of the adyta, there is a Greek inscription, recording the erection, or perhaps the restoration of the sekos by Ptolemy VI Philometor and his sister-wife Cleopatra II, 180-145 BCE. The hill on which the Ombite temples stand has been considerably excavated at its base by the river, which here strongly inclines to the Arabian bank.

The crocodile was held in especial honor by the people of Ombos; and in the adjacent catacombs are occasionally found mummies of the sacred animal. Juvenal, in his 15th satire, has given a lively description of a fight, of which he was an eye-witness, between the Ombitae and the inhabitants of Dendera, who were hunters of the crocodile. On this occasion the men of Ombos had the worst of it; and one of their number, having stumbled in his flight, was caught and eaten by the Denderites. The satirist, however, has represented Ombos as nearer to Dendera than it actually is, these towns, in fact, being nearly 100 miles (160 km) from each other. The Roman coins of the Ombite nome exhibit the crocodile and the effigy of the crocodile-headed god Sobek.

In Kom Ombo there is a rare engraved image of what is thought to be the first representation of medical instruments for performing surgery, including scalpels, curettes, forceps, dilator, scissors and medicine bottles dating from the days of Roman Egypt.

At this site there is another Nilometer used to measure the level of the river waters. On the opposite side of the Nile was a suburb of Ombos, called Contra-Ombos.

The city was the seat of a bishop during Late Antiquity. Two bishops of Omboi are known by name, Silbanos (before 402) and Verses (402). Under the name Ombi, it is included in the Catholic Church's list of titular sees. Karol Wojtyła (the future Pope John Paul II) was titular bishop of Ombi from 1958 until 1963, when he was appointed Archbishop of Kraków.

Today

Today, irrigated sugarcane and cereal account for most of the agricultural industry.

Most of the 60,000 villagers are native Egyptians, although there is a large population of Nubians, including many Magyarabs who were displaced from their land upon the creation of Lake Nasser.

In 2010, plans to construct a new $700m 100 MW (130,000 hp) solar power plant near the city were unveiled by the Egyptian government.

The Ptolemaic dynasty (/ˌtɒlɪˈmeɪ.ɪk/; Ancient Greek: Πτολεμαῖοι, Ptolemaioi), also known as the Lagid dynasty (Λαγίδαι, Lagidae; after Ptolemy I's father, Lagus), was a Macedonian Greek royal house which ruled the Ptolemaic Kingdom in Ancient Egypt during the Hellenistic period. Reigning for 275 years, the Ptolemaic was the longest and last dynasty of ancient Egypt from 305 until its incorporation into the Roman Republic in 30 BC.

Ptolemy, one of the seven somatophylakes (bodyguard companions), a general and possible half-brother of Alexander the Great, was appointed satrap of Egypt after Alexander's death in 323 BC. In 305 BC he declared himself Pharaoh Ptolemy I, later known as Sōter "Saviour". The Egyptians soon accepted the Ptolemies as the successors to the pharaohs of independent Egypt. Ptolemy's family ruled Egypt until the Roman conquest of 30 BC.

Like the earlier dynasties of ancient Egypt, the Ptolemaic dynasty practiced inbreeding including sibling marriage, but this did not start in earnest until nearly a century into the dynasty's history. All the male rulers of the dynasty took the name Ptolemy, while queens regnant were all called Cleopatra, Arsinoe or Berenice. The most famous member of the line was the last queen, Cleopatra VII, known for her role in the Roman political battles between Julius Caesar and Pompey, and later between Octavian and Mark Antony. Her apparent suicide after the Roman conquest of Egypt marked the end of Ptolemaic rule in Egypt.

Ptolemaic rulers and consorts

Ptolemy I Soter was the founder of the Ptolemaic dynasty, and the first ruler of the Ptolemaic Kingdom.

Ptolemy I Soter (303–282 BC)[8] married first Thaïs, then Artakama, then Eurydice, and finally Berenice I

Ptolemy II Philadelphus (285–246 BC)[9] married Arsinoe I, then Arsinoe II; ruled jointly with Ptolemy Epigonos (267–259 BC)

Ptolemy III Euergetes (246–221 BC) married Berenice II

Ptolemy IV Philopator (221–203 BC) married Arsinoe III

Ptolemy V Epiphanes (203–181 BC) married Cleopatra I Syra

Ptolemy VI Philometor (181–164 BC, 163–145 BC) married Cleopatra II, briefly ruled jointly with Ptolemy Eupator in 152 BC

Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator (possibly never reigned)

Ptolemy VIII Physcon (170–163 BC, 145–116 BC) married Cleopatra II, then Cleopatra III; temporarily expelled from Alexandria by Cleopatra II from 131 to 127 BC, then reconciled with her in 124 BC.

Cleopatra II Philometora Soteira (131–127 BC), in opposition to Ptolemy VIII Physcon

Ptolemy Apion (c.120-96 BC), son of Ptolemy VIII. Last Ptolemaic king of Cyrene.

Cleopatra III Philometor Soteira Dikaiosyne Nikephoros (Kokke) (116–101 BC) ruled jointly with Ptolemy IX Lathyros (116–107 BC) and Ptolemy X Alexander I (107–101 BC)

Ptolemy IX Lathyros (116–107 BC, 88–81 BC as Soter II) married Cleopatra IV, then Cleopatra Selene; ruled jointly with Cleopatra III in his first reign

Ptolemy X Alexander I (107–88 BC) married Cleopatra Selene, then Berenice III; ruled jointly with Cleopatra III till 101 BC

Berenice III Philopator (81–80 BC)

Ptolemy XI Alexander II (80 BC) married and ruled jointly with Berenice III before murdering her; ruled alone for 19 days after that.

Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos (Auletes) (80–58 BC, 55–51 BC) married Cleopatra V Tryphaena

Cleopatra VI Tryphaena (58–57 BC) ruled jointly with Berenice IV Epiphaneia (58–55 BC), possibly identical with Cleopatra V Tryphaena

Cleopatra ("Cleopatra VII Thea Philopator", 51–30 BC) ruled jointly with Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator (51–47 BC), Ptolemy XIV (47–44 BC) and Ptolemy XV Caesarion (44–30 BC).

Arsinoe IV (48–47 BC), in opposition to Cleopatra

Ptolemy of Mauretania (13 or 9 BC–AD 40) Client king and ruler of Mauretania for Rome

Other notable members of the Ptolemaic dynasty

Ptolemy Keraunos (died 279 BC) – eldest son of Ptolemy I Soter. Eventually became king of Macedonia.

Ptolemy Apion (died 96 BC) – son of Ptolemy VIII Physcon. Made king of Cyrenaica. Bequeathed Cyrenaica to Rome.

Ptolemy Philadelphus (born 36 BC) – son of Mark Antony and Cleopatra VII.

Ptolemy of Mauretania (died 40 AD) – son of King Juba II of Numidia and Mauretania and Cleopatra Selene II, daughter of Cleopatra VII and Mark Antony. King of Mauretania.

Ptolemy II of Telmessos, grandson of Ptolemy Epigonos, flourished second half of 3rd century BC and first half of 2nd century BC

Ptolemy of Cyprus, king of Cyprus c. 80–58 BC, younger brother of Ptolemy XII Auletes

Health

Continuing the tradition established by previous Egyptian dynasties, the Ptolemies engaged in inbreeding including sibling marriage, with many of the pharaohs being married to their siblings and often co-ruling with them. Ptolemy I and other early rulers of the dynasty were not married to their relatives, the childless marriage of siblings Ptolemy II and Arsinoe II being an exception. The first child-producing incestuous marriage in the Ptolemaic dynasty was that of Ptolemy IV and Arsinoe III, who were succeeded as co-pharaohs by their son Ptolemy V, born 210 BC. The most well-known Ptolemaic pharaoh, Cleopatra VII, was at different times married to and ruled with two of her brothers (Ptolemy XIII until 47 BC and then Ptolemy XIV until 44 BC), and their parents were also likely to have been siblings or possibly cousins.

Contemporaries describe a number of the Ptolemaic dynasty members as extremely obese, while sculptures and coins reveal prominent eyes and swollen necks. Familial Graves' disease could explain the swollen necks and eye prominence (exophthalmos), although this is unlikely to occur in the presence of morbid obesity. This is all likely due to inbreeding depression. In view of the familial nature of these findings, members of the Ptolemaic dynasty are likely to have suffered from a multi-organ fibrotic condition such as Erdheim–Chester disease, or a familial multifocal fibrosclerosis where thyroiditis, obesity and ocular proptosis may have all occurred concurrently.

Dates in brackets on the Cup of the Ptolemies represent the regnal dates of the Ptolemaic pharaohs. They frequently ruled jointly with their wives, who were often also their sisters, aunts or cousins. Several queens exercised regal authority. Of these, one of the last and most famous was Cleopatra ("Cleopatra VII Philopator", 51–30 BC), with her two brothers and her son serving as successive nominal co-rulers. Several systems exist for numbering the later rulers; the one used here is the one most widely employed by modern scholars.

Elyse Feeds Willow by MTSOfan

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Willow, the ringtail, is both nocturnal and very shy. I was lucky enough to find Elyse feeding her; I think this is the third time I've actually seen Willow.

Here, she was hiding in the darkness of her hutch.

My Backpack (I took this shot to submit to the new Flickr Group "What's in your bag" a really neat group. by Wayne T. 'Tom' Helfrich

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1) Long sleeve shirt, 2) dry socks, 3) insect repellant, 4) note book, 5) Electronic surface temp reader, 6) bandana, 7)Mini maglite, 8)Lotion, 9)Mirror for reflecting light into holes, Gopher burrows, stumpholes, under palmettoes, etc, 10) Headlite, 11) Large forceps, 12) First Aid Kit, 13) Puma White Hunter Knife, 14) Binoculars, 15) Waterproof bag, 16) rain gear, 17) towel, 18) Folding cup, 19) Knife, 20) Magnifying glass, 21) Granola bars. 22) Compass, 23) Bio-Degradable marking ribbon. THIS PACK GOES WITH ME MOST OF THE TIME, YOU CAN SEE WHY I DON'T USE A DIGITAL SLR WITH LONG LENSES, MY CANON SX60 WITH 65X OPTICAL ZOOM IS PLENTY FOR ME TO LUG AROUND WITH THIS STUFF.

Alveoloplastia e Remoção de raízes residuais - cirurgia II by Alessandra Souza

Can u belive i did this :) ? Ohh i love my job!

Procedures:

-Removal of the remaining roots and teeths.

-Alveoloplasty & gingivectomy

---------------------------------------------------------------

1ª Consulta - Paciente Alexandre J.

Data: 07/04/2010

Alessandra Souza (eu) e Priscilla Lopes

Prof. Marcelo

_______________________________________

Região: Hemi-arcada superior direita

Técnica anestésica: Anestesia infiltrativa (nn alveolar médio e posterior) - localizada em cada dente

Anestésico: Mepivacaína com vaso [3 1/2 tubetes]

Procedimento: Remoção das raízes remanescentes e dentes perdidos, sem forceps, só com alavancas.

Instrumentos: cj alavancas e elevadores (apenas luxando com as alavancas), sindesmótomo e alveolótomo. Fio de sutura nª04.

***Sem nenhum forceps***

Duração: das 17h ás 20h

Onychogomphus forcipatus (Gomphe à pinces) by Fred

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Kitchen tools for indoor barbecue by Rita Benko

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Half of a wooden forceps and the inside of a teflon-coated grilling pan

{Explored} Tooth Extraction by Meshari Al- Nafisi

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Literally... Brushing everyday will help keep the dentist away.

ps: To replace blood i used the one and only Heinz Ketchup (Yummy) :)

Explored: Best Position= 182

Leste à forceps (M) / Sweetflag Spreadwing (M) by Alain Maire

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Red Mill, Trois-Rivières, Mauricie, Québec, Canada.

Alveoloplastia e Remoção de raízes residuais - cirurgia II by Alessandra Souza

Can u belive i did this :) ? Ohh i love my job!

Procedures:

-Removal of the remaining roots and teeths.

-Alveoloplasty & gingivectomy

---------------------------------------------------------------

Luxando o dente!

2ª Consulta

Data: 12/05/2010

Alessandra Souza (eu) e Priscilla Lopes

Prof. Marcelo

_______________________________________

Região: Hemi-arcada inferior direita

Técnica anestésica: -Anestesia infiltrativa (nn alveolar médio e posterior) - -localizada em cada dente

-Anestesia N. Mentual

-Trígono retromolar

Anestésico: Mepivacaína com vaso [6 1/2 tubetes]

Procedimento: Remoção das raízes remanescentes e dentes perdidos, sem forceps, só com alavancas.

Instrumentos: cj alavancas e elevadores (apenas luxando com as alavancas), sindesmótomo e alveolótomo. Fio de sutura nª04.

***Sem nenhum forceps***

Acronia forceps-cancri by Wiel Driessen

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Leste à forceps (F) / Sweetflag Spreadwing (F) by Alain Maire

Tourbière Red Mill, Trois-Rivières, Mauricie, Québec, Canada.

Acronia forceps-cancri by Wiel Driessen

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Pela Janela by Andre Christo

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o meu poema

saltou pela janela

não encontrou

no papel sua guarida

poema doido,

desvairado, matusquela

nasceu a fórceps

e morreu como suicida

(EdimoGinot.)

Acronia forceps-cancri by P J-M

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Greek surgical equipment by B. COTTENCEAU

Medicine in the ancient world. These were tools used by doctors during the examination, operation and treatment of patients: forceps for removing hairs (8th – 6th c. BC), bleeding cups (500 – 450 BC). Most instruments on this photograph however date in the Roman period (2nd – 7th c. AD).

IMG_7899, Signet 35 back in action by Robert Brazile

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Thought it was time to start examining the cameras from the hoard a bit more closely and to see what they needed. I thought to start with what I perceived to be the easiest one, the Kodak Signet 35. I removed it from its heavy leather "never ready" case (which has split along a crease; I may or may not bother with trying to sew it back together) and gave the outside a thorough cleaning, which it badly needed. Didn't really remove the corrosion from the metal part of the case, but did reduce it a bit.

The main operational issues it seemed to have was a sticky shutter and a non-existent overlay image in the rangefinder. I worked the shutter for a while, which freed it up a little, but it was still very sluggish, so I took the lens out and removed the front case and speed selector cam and used some forceps with bits of PecPad and some alcohol to clean the small amounts of grime I could see. Then I ran the shutter a couple times to see what was hanging up, and applied a tiny bit of lighter fluid to the affected pivots, while working the shutter some more. That seemed to free it up considerably, so I added the tiniest drop of Nyoil to those pivots and worked it some more, and that seemed to do the trick, so I closed the shutter back up.

As for the rangefinder: I carefully removed the top plate and examined the rangefinder setup. I was afraid that the front-surface mirror had lost its silvering, but that appeared to be in decent shape, so I left it alone. I'm not sure what was supposed to provide the contrast, but I am guessing from looking at things that the beamsplitter had a bit of a tint to it? It's mostly gone now if so. Mike Elek has an elegant solution: put a small piece of film leader in front of the viewfinder to restore contrast between the two views. I had a bit of color film leader to hand, so I cut out a small piece and stuck it in there. It worked well, although I think I'd prefer a slightly lighter base; this particular piece of film was old and I think had fogged a bit. But it's easy enough to swap out. In the meanwhile, I closed the camera up, attached a strap, loaded it with some expired Kodak MAX 400 (24exp) I picked up at a camera show last year, and took it for my morning walk. I took a bunch of snapshots, a mix of near and far, and have mostly finished the roll. As soon as I take the last few, I'll develop it and see what I got.

I didn't really expect to like the camera as much as I did; in use it reminds me mostly of my Leica IIIc, just with a simpler shutter (for those who don't know, the shutter on these guys has only 5 speeds plus Bulb). Only slightly larger in the hand, no heavier, and with the same quiet "snick" sound from the shutter. Oh and of course, the fixed 44/3.5 lens, where I have a small range of lenses for the IIIc. Really curious to see the quality of the results, have heard decent things about the Ektar lens. That said, f/3.5 is pretty slow; this is, for the most part, an outdoor camera only, saving games with tripods and the bulb setting. But it's pleasant to carry and quiet in use. The Peak Design strap I used is one of my favorites, but the small square shape of the camera doesn't interact as well with it; I prefer to carry the strap cross body so the thing isn't bouncing and swinging around while I walk. If I rig the strap so the back of the camera is against my hip, then when I pull it to my eye, the strap is in the way. If it shift the strap to the other side, then the lens faces my body and bounces off my hip, not ideal. I just went with the former for now and it was fine, just had to pull the strap to the side when I looked through the viewfinder. A bit easy to put your finger in front of the rangefinder window when your finger is on the shutter release, though. Not too tough to avoid, but a little unnatural.

Forficula auricularia, European Earwig, female, 032816, Aliso Canyon by alazere

On scat. A new family for me.

Kingdom Animalia (Animals)

Phylum Arthropoda (Arthropods)

Subphylum Hexapoda (Hexapods)

Class Insecta (Insects)

Order Dermaptera (Earwigs)

Family Forficulidae

Genus Forficula

Species auricularia (European Earwig)

Size

body length 12 to 15 mm

Identification

Male forceps 4 to 8 mm ; female forceps 3 mm, tegmina 2 mm. Male forceps vary from about half as long to longer than the abdomen, broadened basally, with crenulate teeth basally and on beginning of curvature of inner margin. Antennae have 12 to 15 segments. The adult is rich reddish-brown, with wing covers and legs dull yellow brown, and the wings completely developed. Males are readily distinguished from other North American species of earwigs by their distinctive forceps.

Pleurothallis forceps-cancri f. rectapetala by Kevin Holcomb

The flowers are 5-cm long. Much larger than the typical form of this species.

KH036

Pleurothallis forceps-cancri by Mikael

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forceps? Frankfurt city forest by espederle

5 1

Schneider-Kreuznach Xenon 1:1,9/50 @f/4.0 plus 26mm macro extension

3 1,0-EV-bracketed pics

Photomatix Preset "macro bloom 05 contrast opt"

sharpening 2

contrast 0

Rip The Hair Out by Raye Del Sol

To dehair a doll: Get a pair of forceps. I bought these in the fishing department of my local Wal-Mart.

After you've cut her hair very short, take off her head. I usually run the head under boiling water to soften up any glue. (Hold the head with the forceps for this, so you don't burn yourself.

Pull the hair out from her neck-hole. Be patient with this process, especially if there is a lot of glue. It is very easy to rip the holes so that there aren't four small holes but one huge hole.

Pleurothallis forceps-cancri by Wiel Driessen

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Alveoloplastia e Remoção de raízes residuais - cirurgia II by Alessandra Souza

8 1

Can u belive i did this :) ? Ohh i love my job!

Procedures:

-Removal of the remaining roots and teeths.

-Alveoloplasty & gingivectomy

---------------------------------------------------------------

1ª Consulta - Paciente Alexandre J.

Data: 07/04/2010

Alessandra Souza (eu) e Priscilla Lopes

Prof. Marcelo

_______________________________________

Região: Hemi-arcada superior direita

Técnica anestésica: Anestesia infiltrativa (nn alveolar médio e posterior) - localizada em cada dente

Anestésico: Mepivacaína com vaso [3 1/2 tubetes]

Procedimento: Remoção das raízes remanescentes e dentes perdidos, sem forceps, só com alavancas.

Instrumentos: cj alavancas e elevadores (apenas luxando com as alavancas), sindesmótomo e alveolótomo. Fio de sutura nª04.

***Sem nenhum forceps***

Duração: das 17h ás 20h

Castor Bean Tick (Ixodes ricinus), female nymph by Julian Hodgson

3 5

Ixodes ricinus (Castor Bean Tick, Sheep Tick or Deer Tick), female nymph, feeding at the base of the nipple on a male human host.

This was one of two tick nymphs I acquired during a visit to Monks Wood National Nature Reserve last Sunday. The first was removed from my stomach when I got home, but this one escaped detection until the following morning. It is likely that its location and small size meant that it was initially obscured from my direct view, only becoming obvious once it had fed and grown slightly, which perhaps underscores the importance of conducting a tick check in front of a mirror as well as by direct inspection of the skin.

In rare cases tick bites can result in the development of a benign cutaneous lymphocytoma of the breast areola, even if the original bite site was away from the breast. The condition can occur weeks or months after infection and is more common in children than adults. It can be treated successfully with antibiotics, with a median healing time of about two months.

More images in comments. The first shows how deeply embedded this one was, right at the base of the nipple; it was removed successfully using fine-tipped forceps, albeit with some difficulty.

Lookout by Art Hill

7 10

Shot this in La Jolla on our vacation a week or so ago.

Well, the retina surgeon found the lens yesterday afternoon. It’s floating around aimlessly in the middle of my eyeball. Today at 3:00 I will have surgery under general anesthesia. This retina surgeon will make several small cuts around my eye to enable him to insert this instrument he uses to see the eye from the back.This is called a Vitrectomy. He will then retrieve the lens with a tiny forceps and try to place it back into the space in front of the eye where it is supposed to go. This should take about an hour. I’ll go home wearing a patch until 2:00 on Thursday when I go back to have the patch taken off.

Lesne's earwig, Forficula lesnei, male by David_W_1971

6 4

Smaller & redder than F. auricularia. Note also the lack of visible wingtips, and the shape of the forceps: the broad, basal section is about as long as the slender, curved section.

The usual downpour of barkflies in the beating tray here again.

Pleurothallis forceps-cancri by Andreas Kay

Hand Tools by Pat McKay

My most frequently used tools.

lesser earwig, Labia minor, female by David_W_1971

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Thanks to Nigel Jones for these fine specimens, my first lesser earwigs. Perfect miniatures, only 6mm or so long (excluding forceps).

She's Engaged, 1942 by Dave

16 1

The sadness of the test tube is beyond measure. — Tolstoy

The rubber tipped forceps look like the word PG to me...as in preggers.

01 Tonicella marmorea by Morddyn

Length 32 mm. LWS. Isle of Lewis, Scotland. April 2018. Leg. D.W. McKay & S.Taylor.

In the N.E. Atlantic, T. marmorea grows to a maximum of 45 mm long and 27mm wide.

To the naked eye, the girdle and valves appear smooth, apart from near-rectangular, distinct, growth lines on the valves.

SPECIES DESCRIPTION part A: BELOW

SPECIES DESCRIPTION part B: flic.kr/p/2gzajx3

Key id. features: flic.kr/p/2gzaj8q

Sets of OTHER SPECIES:

www.flickr.com/photos/56388191@N08/collections/

Revised, 2020, PDF version at www.researchgate.net/profile/Ian_Smith19/research

Tonicella marmorea (O.Fabricius, 1780)

Images: 1 to 54 T. marmorea; 55 to 59 vacant; 60 to 72 similar species.

Authors: Paula Lightfoot, Simon Taylor and Ian F. Smith.

Meaning of scientific name:

marmorea (Latin) = resembling marble

Synonyms: Chiton marmoreus O.Fabricius, 1780; Chiton ruber (non Linnaeus, 1767) Spengler, 1797; Chiton laevigatus Fleming, 1813; Chiton latus Lowe, 1825;

Vernacular: Mottled red chiton; Marbled mail-shell; Lleuen fraith y graig (Welsh); Chiton rouge marbré (French); Marmorierte Käferschnecke (German); Marmorleddsnegl (Norwegian); Marmoreret skallus (Danish);

GLOSSARY BELOW This account adheres to the standardised terminology for chitons proposed by Schwabe (2010). Some of Jones & Baxter (1987) alternatives are indicated in the glossary as (a.k.a.).

Shell Description

Low form in N.E. Atlantic up to 45 mm long and 27mm wide 1Tm flic.kr/p/2gz9Ndp . High form in N.W. Atlantic up to 37 mm long and 20mm wide (Kaas & Belle, 1985). In dorsal view, outline elliptical, larger specimens generally more strongly curved than smaller ones; width about 60% of length. Narrow girdle (total of two sides) occupies between 12% and 35% of animal width, specimens over 20mm length generally having the proportionally wider girdles (Baxter & Jones, 1986).

Eight overlapping valves 2Tm flic.kr/p/2gzajx3 have an upper coloured layer, ‘tegmentum’, of aragonite, and a lower layer, ‘articulamentum’, of white 3Tm flic.kr/p/2gzaj8q or, sometimes on jugal tract, pink 4Tm flic.kr/p/2gzaiL8 or yellow 5Tm flic.kr/p/2gzaipX aragonite. There are also an uppermost layer, ‘properiostracum’, and a discontinuous lowermost layer, ‘myostracum’, that are so thin and transparent as to be unnoticeable.

Dorsal surface (tegmentum) of valves appears smooth to naked eye apart from near-rectangular, distinct, growth lines 1Tm flic.kr/p/2gz9Ndp & 6Tm flic.kr/p/2gzaifJ . Colour variable; dirty white, cream, various shades of brown 7Tm flic.kr/p/2gz9KP1 , red 8Tm flic.kr/p/2gz9Khz , and ochre arranged in blotches or intricate zig-zag lines 9Tm flic.kr/p/2gzahiD . Rarely entirely marmorated. Frequently, but not always, approximately triangular patches on the jugal areas have lighter colours 8Tm flic.kr/p/2gz9Khz . Valves ii, iv and, less consistently, vii often have more dark colour than the other valves 8Tm flic.kr/p/2gz9Khz , 9Tm flic.kr/p/2gzahiD ,10Tm flic.kr/p/2gz9Jnt , 11Tm flic.kr/p/2gzagd2 . Colour partly derives from pigment in properiostracum; brightest on live specimens in good condition and fades rapidly on specimens that are in poor condition or dead 12Tm flic.kr/p/2gzafNQ .

The head valve (i) is almost semicircular 13Tm flic.kr/p/2gz9HfJ , with a shallow V posterior edge when viewed in situ on living specimen 7Tm flic.kr/p/2gz9KP1 . The tegmentum on intermediate valves (ii –vii) has slightly rounded end margins, and nearly straight and parallel anterior and posterior margins 4Tm flic.kr/p/2gzaiL8 , except the anterior of valve ii which projects more at its centre. Valves ii to vii have a keeled jugum 14Tm flic.kr/p/2gzaf1c with small posterior beak 15Tm flic.kr/p/2gzaeRK . Beaks are often eroded away 8Tm flic.kr/p/2gz9Khz .They vary in elevation (H/W% of valve iv) from 20% to 37% or more in NE Atlantic 17Tm and usually higher in NW Atlantic c. 44% (Kaas & Belle, 1985). The side slopes of valves ii to vii are straight 16Tm flic.kr/p/2gz9Gyy or slightly convex, or a combination of straight and convex when viewed from the anterior or posterior 17Tm flic.kr/p/2gzaeBw . Their lateral areas are very slightly raised and separated from the central area by a shallow, unobtrusive, diagonal depression 18Tm flic.kr/p/2gzaeov & 20Tm flic.kr/p/2gzadZ4 .

The tail valve (viii) is small and about twice as wide as its antero-posterior length. The unobtrusive, antemedian mucro is encircled by the concentric growth lines 13Tm flic.kr/p/2gz9HfJ & 21Tm flic.kr/p/2gz9FQz . The steep postmucronal slope is straight in lateral profile 6Tm flic.kr/p/2gzaifJ . The colour of the antemucronal area resembles that of the jugal area of intermediate valves 13Tm flic.kr/p/2gz9HfJ .

Canals permeate the tegmentum 22Tm flic.kr/p/2gzadNh & 23Tm flic.kr/p/2gzadLi and terminate on its dorsal surface as a minute stipple of caps (surface seems smooth to naked eye, at least 3X magnification and cleaned valve needed) 18Tm flic.kr/p/2gzaeov on caps arranged in an offset grid pattern 24Tm flic.kr/p/2gz9FCA . Some canals penetrate the articulamentum to form holes on its ventral surface, especially in the slit rays and jugal tract 23Tm flic.kr/p/2gzadLi & 25Tm flic.kr/p/2gz9Foc , 26Tm flic.kr/p/2gz9Fkw .

Insertion plates on ends of valves ii – vii embedded in the girdle are separated by a single slit 5Tm flic.kr/p/2gzaipX & 23Tm flic.kr/p/2gzadLi ; head valve (i) has 7 to 13 slits 25Tm flic.kr/p/2gz9Foc and tail valve (viii) has 5 to 11 slits 27Tm flic.kr/p/2gz9FcF . On the ventral articulatum a diagonal slit ray runs from each slit to the posterior edge of valves i – vii 25Tm flic.kr/p/2gz9Foc & 26Tm flic.kr/p/2gz9Fkw and from the slits to the mucro position where they meet the open canal ends in the jugum on valve viii 27Tm flic.kr/p/2gz9FcF .

The articulatum on valves ii – viii 3Tm flic.kr/p/2gzaj8q projects forwards as a pair of curved, wide, short (front to rear) apophyses separated by a narrow, straight, jugal sinus (gap) that is less than 25% length of an apophysis 28Tm flic.kr/p/2gzad9b . The apophyses on valve ii are more angular and those on valve viii are smaller and more angular 4Tm flic.kr/p/2gzaiL8 . Apophyses extend under the next valve forwards 2Tm flic.kr/p/2gzajx3 and leave a scar of similar shape on it when the connecting muscle is removed 29Tm flic.kr/p/2gzad5Z . The head valve (i) is the only one that lacks apophyses as there is no valve to its anterior to be attached to 25Tm flic.kr/p/2gz9Foc . [It is difficult to cut away the muscle without breaking the apophyses on freshly dead chitons. They can be disarticulated without damage to the valves by standing them in shallow 10% NaOH overnight. CAUTION; extremely caustic, burns skin and seriously damages eyes. Or, keep in preservative for some time until the muscle weakens and then pull the valves out with strong forceps]

Body Description

Head and foot only fractionally protrude into view naturally on live animal 30Tm flic.kr/p/2gzacGE & and can usually only be seen when breeding 31Tm flic.kr/p/2gz9EjD or if the animal is dislodged from the substrate or adhering to glass. When attached to a smooth surface, the extended head is anteriorly convex to fit the curve of the shell, and posteriorly concave fitting round the anterior of the foot and extending laterally as mouth lappets 32Tm flic.kr/p/2gzabYW . The shape varies when the head is retracted or unattached to the substrate 33Tm flic.kr/p/2gzabUC . The head lacks eyes and tentacles; its main feature is a large transverse slit-mouth with wrinkled lips. When preserved, the mouth may gape widely and its fleshy surround may distort to form a hood 32Tm flic.kr/p/2gzabYW . As on chitons generally, the radula is a chitinous ribbon bearing teeth in rows of seventeen 34Tm flic.kr/p/2gz9DMm . In each row, the central (rhachidian) tooth is a reflexed, rectangular channel with a widened chisel-like terminal blade 36Tm flic.kr/p/2gzabrZ [The image and text in Jones & Baxter (1987) differs from this description of the rhachidian tooth which is based on SEM images in this account]. Next to it, the minor (first) lateral tooth is small and bladeless. The major (second) lateral tooth has a long shaft and a large tridentate head ( one small, sharp denticle and two wide, rounded denticles) 35Tm flic.kr/p/2gzabKK . The first and second uncinal teeth are small and unobtrusive between the bases of the major lateral and major (third) uncinal tooth which has a long shaft with head shaped and sculptured like a feather 37 Tm . At the margin of the radula in each row there are three low plates (marginal ‘teeth’). The teeth are colourless when their formation commences at the rear of the translucent radula sac. They darken and harden through rust-red and brown as they move along the sac acquiring magnetite (iron oxide), and the principal cutting teeth are black by the time they emerge from the anterior of the sac 34Tm flic.kr/p/2gz9DMm . Magnetite is the hardest material made by any living organism (Botelho, 2013).

Aesthetes (sensory tissue) fill canals permeating the tegmentum 22Tm flic.kr/p/2gzadNh & 37Tm flic.kr/p/2gz9CVr . They terminate on fine stipple (at least X3 magnification needed) 18Tm flic.kr/p/2gzaeov as sensory organs on the dorsal surface of valves 19Tm flic.kr/p/2gzaed5 , 21Tm flic.kr/p/2gz9FQz , 24Tm flic.kr/p/2gz9FCA .

Canals vertically penetrate the articulamentum in the slit rays and jugal tract as conduits for branches of the body’s lateral nerve cord 22Tm flic.kr/p/2gzadNh . Immediately below the valves, the mantle is tough, thin, translucent epidermis, but it is greatly thickened where reflected around the periphery of the shell to form a fleshy girdle 6Tm flic.kr/p/2gzaifJ into which the articulamentum insertion plates at the ends of the valves are deeply embedded 14Tm flic.kr/p/2gzaf1c & 38Tm flic.kr/p/2gzaaV8 . The girdle has cream or yellowish-white flesh with a tough transparent yellowish cuticle that survives when flesh is removed with NaOH 39Tm flic.kr/p/2gzaaSC . The cuticle on the ventral surface of the girdle (hyponotum) and dorsal surface (perinotum) appears leathery-smooth to the naked eye 6Tm flic.kr/p/2gzaifJ , but strong magnification shows a covering of very small spicules 40Tm flic.kr/p/2gz9CKB & 41Tm flic.kr/p/2gz9CEG . Scanning electron microscope images 42Tm flic.kr/p/2gzaaGT show that the spicules on the (dorsal) perinotum are small, c. 27µ long, widely spaced cones with sharp apices, and that spicules on the hyponotum are longer, c. 35µ , more closely packed ovoids with longitudinal ribs. . The hyponotum is whitish, but usually extensively stained yellowish to brownish by firm contact with the substrate 43Tm flic.kr/p/2gzaakv . The perinotum is yellowish with, usually, a brown or purplish band at each end of valves ii to vii, and several bands associated with valves i and viii 7Tm flic.kr/p/2gz9KP1 . The bands usually have several yellowish blotches on them. Frequently, part or all of the perinotum is suffused with verdigris-green which partially obscures the band pattern 40Tm flic.kr/p/2gz9CKB . The foregoing colours are usual in Britain but Kaas and Belle (1985) state that the girdle is “of an even brownish colour, exceptionally with alternating zones of light and dark brown”. This may be the case in America, though 9 images from Quebec all have banded girdles (DORIS, 2019), and dried or preserved specimens often lose the pattern 12Tm flic.kr/p/2gzafNQ & 38Tm flic.kr/p/2gzaaV8 . The edge of the girdle has a marginal fringe of straight, obtusely pointed, c. 48µ long, spicules that are very difficult to discern with the naked eye 42Tm flic.kr/p/2gzaaGT , 43Tm flic.kr/p/2gzaakv & 45Tm flic.kr/p/2gz9BP8 . The girdle can be flexed upwardly outwards at the anterior 30Tm flic.kr/p/2gzacGE to admit inhalent water to the peripheral mantle cavity, and at the posterior to form a channel for the release of exhalent water, faecal pellets and ova or sperm 31Tm flic.kr/p/2gz9EjD .

An open narrow mantle cavity runs around whole animal; contains 15 to 26 small ctenidia on each side (Baxter & Jones, 1986), often on larger specimens for nearly the whole length of the foot (merobranch, but nearly holobranch, arrangement) 46Tm flic.kr/p/2gza9Xr & 47Tm flic.kr/p/2gza9KN . Number of ctenidia increases with age. Between the mantle cavity and hyponotum the mantle fold is unobtrusive, except where it widens near the posterior into a mantle lappet 30Tm flic.kr/p/2gzacGE and may partly conceal the ctenidia. Anus opens at end of an anal papilla into the mantle-cavity at posterior by a channel to the exterior formed by deflection/ depression of girdle 48Tm flic.kr/p/2gza9pc . The dorso-ventrally flattened pericardium containing the heart is located above the anal papilla, and is sometimes partly visible on live specimens 48Tm flic.kr/p/2gza9pc . Nephridiopores and gonopores open laterally into posterior quarter of cavity. No penis as external fertilization. Foot yellow to orange, elongate ovate, anterior wider than posterior, curvature of ends varies, sometimes truncate 49Tm flic.kr/p/2gza9mG , no medial dividing line. When foot spreads widely, it and the mantle fold/lappet close and conceal much of the pallial cavity 44Tm flic.kr/p/2gzaaj3 . The foot has many strong transverse muscles 50Tm flic.kr/p/2gza92J and the body has a strong lateral longitudinal muscle 38Tm flic.kr/p/2gzaaV8 & 50Tm flic.kr/p/2gza92J that encircles the entire body passing under the outer margins of the valves. The valves have four sets of muscles.:

a) A pair of lateral muscles connect the foot to each end of the valves, one on each side of the slit 38Tm flic.kr/p/2gzaaV8 & 50Tm flic.kr/p/2gza92J , leaving an opaque scar when removed 3Tm flic.kr/p/2gzaj8q .

b) A pair of straight muscles 51Tm flic.kr/p/2gz9AHL pass along the jugum, attaching to the anterior margin of the jugal sinus of each valve and to the body wall under the previous valve.

c) On each side of a valve an oblique muscle 51Tm flic.kr/p/2gz9AHL attaches to the jugal sinus close to the straight muscle and travels anteriorly outwards under the diagonal line that separates the lateral area of the tegmentum from its central area. The anterior end of the muscle attaches to the body wall under the preceding valve on which it leaves a comma shaped scar 3Tm flic.kr/p/2gzaj8q .

d) The transverse muscle 51Tm flic.kr/p/2gz9AHL consists of dorso-ventral fibres connecting the apophyses of one valve to the underside of the preceding valve where it leaves curved scars matching the outlines of the apophyses. The muscle colour is often the same as that of the jugal tract; white, yellow 51Tm flic.kr/p/2gz9AHL or pink 52Tm flic.kr/p/2gza8R8 .

Glossary

μm = 0.001 mm, 1000μm = 1 mm

acicular = slender and tapering to a point; needle-like.

aesthetes = complex of canals and cavities filled with sensory tissue that permeate tegmentum and locally penetrate articulamentum. Open as sensory pores on dorsal surface of valves; probably compensate for lack of sensory structures on head. Some sense light; other sensory function(s) uncertain, but various authors have variously proposed chemoreception, mechanoreception, properiostracum replenishment and secretion of protective substances.

a.k.a. = also known as.

antemedian = (syn. antemedial) situated to anterior of middle.

antemucronal area = area situated to anterior of mucro.

apophysis = (pl. apophyses) anterior extension of articulamentum which underlies preceding valve; on all valves except head valve (i).

aragonite = orthorhombic crystalline mineral-form of calcium carbonate www.minerals.net/mineral/aragonite.aspx . Less common on land than calcite, but, currently, the more frequent mineral-form in oceans and living mollusc shells.

articulamentum = inner shell-layer of chiton valves, usually hard, white, porcelaneous aragonite and often differently coloured in central part.

calcite = trigonal crystalline mineral-form of calcium carbonate www.minerals.net/mineral/calcite.aspx . More common on land than aragonite, but, currently, the less frequent mineral-form in oceans and living mollusc shells. More resistant than aragonite to acid rain corrosion; forms outer shell layer of shore-dwelling Littorina species in cool climates. (Corrosion of calcium carbonate faster at cold temperatures).

cephalic = (adj.) of or on the head.

chemoreception = sensing of chemicals; “smell / taste”.

chitin = semitransparent flexible horny protein. Does not occur in molluscs.

chitinous = (adj.) resembling chitin.

cilia (pl.) = motile linear extensions of membrane used in locomotion, or to create water currents in feeding. (“cilium” singular).

coll. = in the collection of (named person or institution) (cf. legit).

ctenidium = comb-like molluscan gill; usually an axis with a row of filaments either side.

dioecious = having separate male and female individuals.

dorso-ventrally flattened = as if pressed flat from above.

ELWS = extreme low water spring tide (usually near equinoxes).

epithelium = tissue forming outer layer of body surface, “skin”.

girdle = (on chiton) peripheral band of thickened, reflexed mantle that encloses ends of valves.

gonopore = genital opening through which eggs or sperm are released.

holobranch = (of chitons) ctenidia in mantle cavity extend full length of foot.

hyponotum = ventral cuticle of chiton’s girdle.

insertion plate = (on most chitons) extension of articulamentum which inserts into mantle on lateral margin of intermediate valves, anterior margin of head valve and posterior margin of tail valve. Inserts into, and anchors valve to, the girdle muscle block.

intermediate valve = (of chiton) any valve (ii – vii), except head valve (i) and tail valve (viii).

jugal area = summit zone of chiton valves on dorsal surface.

jugal tract = summit zone of chiton valves on ventral surface.

jugum = summit of chiton valves.

lateral area = (on intermediate valve of chiton) triangular area with its base along lateral edge of valve and its apex near the centre of the posterior edge. a.k.a. lateral triangle.

legit = (abbreviation; leg. or lgt.) collected/ found by (cf. coll.)

LWS = low water spring tide, two periods of a few days each month when tide falls lowest.

mantle = sheet of tissue that secretes the shell and forms a cavity for the gill in most marine molluscs.

mantle cavity = (on chitons) a.k.a. pallial groove; narrow groove around whole foot and head, roofed by mantle and containing ctenidia, nephridiopores and gonopores.

magnetite = mineral of iron oxide, hardest material made by any living organism.

marmorated = veined or streaked like marble.

mechanoreception = sensing of touch, sound, pressure change and/or posture.

MLW = mean low water mark.

merobranch = (of chitons) gills in pallial cavity only in posterior two-thirds of animal.

mucro = projection on tail valve (viii) of chiton demarking posterior from rest of valve. Varies in prominence and position.

myostracum = thin, inconspicuous, discontinuous, innermost layer of chiton shell.

nephridium = tubular glandular excretory/ osmoregulatory organ. a.k.a. kidney.

nephridiopore = opening of nephridium for excretion. a.k.a. renal pore.

odontophore = firm, approximately ellipsoid, structure of cartilage supporting radula. Protruded like a tongue to operate radula.

pericardium = membranous sac containing heart and start of aorta.

perinotum = dorsal cuticle of chiton’s girdle.

pleural area = (on intermediate valve of chiton) triangular area with its base along anterior edge of valve and its apex near the centre of the posterior edge. a.k.a. median triangle.

postmucronal = situated to posterior of mucro.

properiostracum = (on chitons) outermost layer of colour-bearing proteinaceous material, sometimes resembling collagen in texture and differing in composition from periostracum of most other mollusc groups.

plankton = animals and plants that drift in pelagic zone (main body of water).

radula = chitinous ribbon of teeth extruded on a tongue-like structure (odontophore) to rasp food.

side slope = (on chiton) shape in profile view (from posterior or anterior) of lateral areas of intermediate valves; may be straight, convex, concave or a combination of these.

sinus = 1. dilated channel or receptacle containing blood etc. 2. (re. chiton valves) curved bay or gap.

slit ray = row of canal pores running diagonally from lateral slit to posterior edge on ventral surface of chiton valve. a.k.a. notch ray.

suture = (of chiton) line where two valves meet.

tegmentum = outer shell-layer of chiton valves, usually porous and relatively soft. (Covered by transparent properiostracum when live.)

trochophore = spherical or pear-shaped larvae that swim with aid of girdle of cilia. Stage preceding veliger, passed within gastropod egg in most spp. but free in plankton for limpets, Trochidae, Tricolia pullus and (with no veligers) chitons.

uncinate = having a hooked shape.

uncinate blades = largest two teeth in each row of seventeen on chiton radulae; principal scraping blades. Often darkened more than other teeth by high magnetite content.

veliger = shelled larva of marine gastropod or bivalve mollusc which swims by beating cilia of a velum (bilobed flap).

SPECIES DESCRIPTION continues in part B under image 2Tm at : flic.kr/p/2gzajx3 .

A&E At The QMC! by Space Cowboy!!

5 4

This image is taken from United States Naval Medical Bulletin Vol. 20, Nos. 1-6, 1924 by Medical Heritage Library, Inc.

Go to Page with image in the Internet Archive

Title: United States Naval Medical Bulletin Vol. 20, Nos. 1-6, 1924

Creator: U.S. Navy. Bureau of Medicine and Surgery

Publisher:

Sponsor:

Contributor:

Date: 1924-01

Language: eng

Table of Contents

Number 1

PREFACE -------------------------------- - - ------ ------- V

NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS____________________________ VI

SPECIAL ARTICLES:

Climatic Bubo.

By Commander C. S. Butler, Medical Corps, U. S. Navy______ 1

NOTES ON 350 APPENDECTOMIES.

By Lieut. Commander Lucius W. Johnson, Medical Corps, U. S .. Navy------------------------

-- 7

CLINICAL TRIAL OF THE ELLIS TEST FOR TUBERCULOSIS.

By Lieut. D. Ferguson, Medical Corps, U. S. Navy____________ 17

CANCER IN ST. CROIX, VIRGIN ISLANDS.

By Lieut. C. B. Van Gaasbeek, Medical Corps, U. S. Navy______ 31

SUGAR IN URINE.

Lieut. Commander C. W. 0. Bunker, Medical Corps, U. S. Navy, and

Pharmacist's Mate R. L. Thrasher, first class, U. S. Navy------------------

--------------- -------------------- 35

CLINICAL NOTES :

ENDOTHELIOMA.

By Lieut. L. H. Williams, Medical Corps, U. S. Navy__________ 39

GLANDERS IN MAN.

By Lieut. L. H. Williams and Lieut. R. C. Satterlee, Medical Corps, U.

S. Navy__________________ 41

ACUTE APPENDICITIS WITHIN A HERNIA SAC.

By Lieut. C. B. Van Gaasbeek, Medical Corps, U. S. Navy______ 43

CHANCRE OF THE PALMAR SURFACE OF THE HAND.

By Lieut. (J. G.) J. E. Root, jr., Medical Corps, U. S. Navy____ 44

RECURRENT DIFFUSE SCLERODERMA, A CASE OF.

By Lieut. C. W. Lane, Medical Corps, U. S. Navy_____________ 45

ACUTE YELLOW ATROPHY OF LIVER, A CASE OF.

By Lieut. G. L. McClintock, Medical Corps, U. S. Navy________ 49

NOTES AND COMMENTS:

Meeting of the Association of Military Surgeons.-Protection of capital

ships against poison gas.-Thomas Wakley and the Lancet.- Diathermy in

pneumonia.-Prophylactic injection of normal serum against measles.-Lamblial

dysentery treated with carbon tetrachloride.-Endocrine survey____________ 53

NAVY NURSE CORPS--------------------------------------------- 75

INSTRUCTIONS TO MEDICAL OFFICERS:

Shortage in petty-officer ratings in Hospital Corps.-Haemostatic forceps

and surgical needles carried in stock at the medical supply depot-Form N. M. S.

F. (revised) .-Policy of U. S. Employees' Compensation Commission regarding

employees suffering from occupational diseases; now considered compensable and

entitled to treatment.-Hospital accounting.-Examination report, Hospital Corps,

U.S. Navy; Form N. M. S. H. C. 1.-Analysis of the naval hospital ration for

1923 (continental hospitals only).-Reprints of the bureau's circular letters

for office files.-Additional data required on the Form F card in all cases of

injury.-Health records retained in files.-Wampoles hypno-bromic

compound.-Wampoles hypno-bromic compound, analysis requested_____________________

81

BOOK NOTICES---------------------------------------------------- 103

PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, STATISTICS:

PNEUMONIA, BRONCHITIS, AND TONSILLITIS SEASON. HOUSING, VENTILATION,

AND CONTACT.

By Lieut. Commander J. R. Phelps, Medical Corps, U. S. Navy__ 107

Mass immunity to diseases.-Human intestinal parasites in

Guam.Prevention of venereal disease in England.-Vital statistics_______ 127

Number 2

PREFACE--------- - - - - --- --- - -- - ---- - -- - -- - ---- --------

---- - - -- -v

NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS --- -- -- -- -- - - ------ - -- - vi

SPECIAL ARTICLE :

DETECTION OF THE PSYCHOPATH AND CLASSIFICATION OF NAVAL RECRUITS

IN ACCORDANCE WITH THEIR INTELLIGENCE.

By Lieut. A. W. Stearns, Medical Corps, United States Navy _ 149

INSULIN TREATMENT OF DIABETES MELLITUS.

By Lieut. Commander W. D. Owens, Medical Corps, United States Navy __________________

_ 170

NOVOCAINE ANESTHESIA.

By Lieut. Commander G. F. Cottle, Medical Corps, United States Navy

________________ 184

OBSERVATIONS CONCERNING YAWS IN HAITI.

By Lieut. P. W. Wilson, Medical Corps, United States Navy _ _ 190

RELATION OF THE CLINICAL LABORATORY TO THE MODERN HOSPITAL.

By Lieut. H. S. Sumerlin, Medical Corps, United States Navy _ 196

GAS MASK FOR HEAD AND CHEST INJURY CASES.

By Lieut. F. F. Lane, Medical Corps, United States Navy_____ 200

CLINICAL NOTES:

IMPROVED TECHNIC IN SPINAL PUNCTURE.

By Lieut. Commander T. W. Raison, Medical Corps, United States Navy____________

205

TRAUMATIC HEMATOMA OF SPERMATIC CORD.

By Lieut. L. H. Williams, Medical Corps, United States Navy__ 206

CYSTOSCOPY AND REPORT OF THREE UNUSUAL CASES.

By Lieut. L. B. Marshall, Medical Corps, United States Navy__ 207

NOTES AND COMMENTS:

Value of psychometric tests in the Navy-Need of physiotherapy – Two physicians

of Tortola-The all-purpose canister gas mask

- Etiology of gout-Bulletin of the National Board of Medical Examiner

·-Practical objectives in health work-Alcohol taxation and alcoholism

in Denmark-Revision of the pharmacopaeia-Phlebotomy in the monasteries-New

method of treating syphilis-Operating-room lighting_____ ______ ____ ____ __

___ ____ __ ___ __ ___ ____ 213

NURSE CORPS:

Nursing in the Philippine Islands-Cooperation with all departments_ 231

BOOK NOTICES __ _ 235

PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, STATISTICS:

ERADICATION OF VERMIN ON BOARD SHIP_______________________ 247

SPPLEMENTARY REPORT: REVIEW OF LITERATURE RELATING TO PROPHYLAXIS OF

MEASLES.

By Dr. T. W. Kemmerer, United States Public Health Service__ 268

SWIMMING POOLS IN DETROIT---EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS__ 271

ADOPTION OF NEW HOUSING ORDINANCE BY THE CITY OF SAN DIEGO, CALIF_274

MEDICAL DEPARTMENT ACTIVITIES AT NAVAL TRAINING STATIONS__ 275

Number 3

PREFACE ------------------------ v

NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS- VI

SPECIAL ARTICLES:

AVIATION ACCIDENTS AND METHODS OF PREVENTION.

By Lieut. J. F. Neuberger, Medical Corps, U. S. Navy__________ 285

NOTES AND COMMENTS :

Aviation accidents.-Aeroplane accidents from the British viewpoint.-

The estimation of physical efficiency.-The air ambulance in war.---Gas warfare

in the air.-Ophthalmology in its relation to

aviation.-Notes on aviation medicine in France.-Fellowship in the American

College of Surgeons.- Vaccination against smallpox -The instruction of hospital

corpsmen__ 331

NAVY NURSE CORPS:

NOTES ON A COURSE FOR INSTRUCTORS OF NURSING-- 363

PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, STATISTICS:

REMARKS ON THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF SMALLPOX AND THE PREVENTIVE VALUE OF

VACCINATION WITH COWPOX VIRUS.- MEDICAL OFFICER RECOMMENDS ADOPTION OF A

THE UNITED STATES NAVAL TRAINING STATION, NEWPORT, R. I.-MEDICAL BULLETIN OF THE

DESTROYER SQUADRONS OF THE BATTLE FLEET.-PROPHYLAXIS OF VENEREAL

DISEASE.-BACILLARY DYSENTERY IN GUAM.-PORTABLE

CANVAS SACK STEAM DISINFECTORS AVAILABLE ___________ 395

Number 4

PREFACE - --- ------ - - --- --- --------- - --- V

NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS__ _________ VI 1

SPECIAL ARTICLES:

ELECTROCARDIOGRAPH IN PROGNOSIS VALUE OF.

By Lieut. Commander W. a. Bloedorn and Lieut. L . J. Roberts, Medical

Corps, United States Navy____ 423

ETHYLENE FOR GENERAL ANESTHESIA, USE OF.

By Commander C. W. Moots,

Medical Corps, United States Naval Reserve Force _ -----.- - - --------

------------- - - - ----------- 429

HYDRONEPHROSIS.

By Lieut. Commander R Cuthbertson, Medical Corps, United States Navy

------------ 431

UNSUSPECTED SYPHILIS.

By Lieut. Commander W. H. Connor, Medical Corps, United States

Navy_______ 439

RISE OF LOCAL ANESTHESIA.

By Dr. Charles A. Ingraham ___________ ____________ ___________ 445

CLINICAL NOTES:

SARCOMA.

By Lieut. R. M. Choisser, Medical Corps, United States Navy 451

AVULSION OF SCROTUM, LEFT TESTICAL AND SHEATH OF PENIS.

By Lieut. Commander G. F. Cottle, Medical Corps, United States Navy

-------------------------------- 457

HYDATIDIFORM MOLE, CASE OF.

By Lieut. Commander C. C. Kress and Lieut. H. C. Bishop, jr., Medical

Corps, United States Navy____ 460

NOTES AND COMMENTS:

Mental tests for recruits-Fish poisons-An eighteenth century country

practice-medical expedition to the South Seas-How to use a refrigerator-

Anaphylactic reaction from typhoid prophylaxis ------------- 463

NAVY NURSE CORPS:

Relation of the dietetic department to the medical service of a

hospital_____________________________________________ 477

BOOK NOTICES -------------------------------- 483

PREVENTIVE MEDICINE. STATISTICS:

The prevention and control of cerebrospinal fever in the British Army as

reviewed in the official history of the war ____________ 493

Comments relating to health conditions, from the annual report of the

commander of the United States naval detachment in Turkish waters--Toxic effect

of hydrogen sulphide-Eradication of ants from ships of the United Fruit

Co.-Physical examination of food handlers in New York City- Venereal diseases

and prophylaxis in the United States Asiatic Fleet- Typhoid fever report-

Dysentery and the tendency to report ill-defined cases under a dysentery title

- Remarks relating- to the use of nomenclature titles____ _____ 515

Number 5

PREFACE -- ------- ------------------------------------------------- v

NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS __________________________ _ vi

SPECIAL ARTICLES :

MEDICAL DEPARTMENT OF THE MARINE CORPS, EAST COAST EXPEDITIONARY FORCE,

DURING THE FALL MANEUVERS OF 1923, AN ACCOUNTOF

By Lieut. Commander W. Chambers, Medical Corps, U. S. N.____ 531

PYELOGRAPHY.

By Commander W. S. Pugh, Medical Corps, U.S. N. (ret.)______ 559

HYDRONEPHROSIS.

By Lieut. (J. G.) R B. Engle. Medical Corps. U. S. N. 567

BICHLORIDE OF MERCURY POISONING WITH CALCIUM SULPHIDE AS A CHEMICAL

ANTIDOTE – A PRELIMINARY REPORT OF THE TREATMENT OF.

By Lieut. J. M. McCants, Medical Corps, U. S. N. _______________ 572

CONSTRUCTION OF VULCANITE PARTIAL DENTURES.

By Lieut. L. M. Desmond, Dental Corps, U. S. N.---------------- 578

CLINICAL NOTES:

CHRONIC DUODENAL ULCER.

By Lieut. (J. G.) O. A. Smith, Medical Corps, U. S. N. __________ 581

MALIGNANT ENDOCARDITIS FOLLOWING FRACTURE OF THE RIBS, A CARE REPORT.

By Lieut. (J. G.) B. M. Summers, Medical Corps. U. S. N. ______ 586

INCONTINENCE OF URINE.

By Lieut. (J. G) E. M. Harris, jr., Medical Corps, U. S. N. ______ 591

REPORT OF A DEATH OCCURING DURING TREATMENT FOR LEPROSY WITH

CHAULMOOGRA OIL DERIVATIVES.

By Lieut. F. L. McDaniel, Medical Corps, U. S. N. ______________ 594

NOTES AND COMMENTS:

German hospital ship during the ·world War – Misconduct ruling__ 597

NAVY NURSE CORPS:

Notes on dietetics taken at Miss Farmer's School of Cookery, Boston, Mass.

----------------- 605

INSTRUCTIONS ISSUED BY THE BUREAU OF MEDICINE AND SURGERY:

Patients suffering with tuberculosis or neuropsychiatric diseases and conditions

who are veterans of the Spanish-American War, Boxer Rebellion, and the

Philippine lnsurrection, now under treatment but who are not beneficiaries of

the Veterans' Bureau as veterans of the World War, and who are not at present

members of the regular military and naval establishments--Hospital Corps

Handbook. U.S. Navy, 1923, issue of-Adoption of revised Nomenclature of Diseases

and Injuries, Medical Department. U.S. Navy-Classified expenditures and per

diem cost in naval hospitals (continental), during the quarter ending September

30, 1923--Paragraphs 1280 and 1281, Naval Courts and Boards,

1923-Epidemiological study of influenza, the common cold and other respiratory

disorders, now being carried on by the U. S. Public Health Service, request for

cooperation by medical officers of the Navy-Influenza, the common cold, and

other respiratory disorders - Schedule of wages for civilian employees,

effective .January 1. 1924 -Laboratory courses for nurses of the U.S. Navy -

Enlistment of men not physically qualified - Administration of triple antityphoid

vaccine-Classified expenditures and per item cost in naval hospitals

(continental) during October, 1923 - Form F cards in cases of patients taken up

as from change of diagnosis - Form “ X " - Abstract of enlistments- Addition

of diagnostic title number 1973, “Urticaria," to

Navy Nomenclature of Diseases and Injuries-Care in handling

concentrated spirit of nitrous ether- Equalization

bill - Modification of present allotment system-Instrument, plastic filling.

Black’s, Nos. 1 to 7, addition to Supply Table, Part II – Assignment of light

duty to hospital patients- Form N. M. S. H. C. S.

forwarding of, in the case of hospital corpsmen whose records have been

closed fo1· desertion and convicted of absence without leave, or absence over

leave, 01· restored to duty-American Red Cross-Disciplinary regulations

referring to beneficiaries of the U. S. Veterans' Bureau in naval hospitals--Complement

fixation tests for syphilis-Transportation of Insane patients-Closer relation

between medical officers on recruiting duty and the Bureau of Medicine and

Surgery-Memorandum for medical officers on recruiting duty-. Applicants for

appointment in the Navy Nurse Corp, physical examination of--Change in the

Manual of the Medical Department - --- --------------- - ----- -------- ----- -

- - -- __ 617

BOOK NOTICES __ --------- - --- --- - ------ --- ---- ----- --- - -----

- - 653

PREVENTIVE MEDICINE STATISTICS:

Resuscitation apparatus - Follow-up treatment of syphilis- Accident statistics

injuries and poisonings-Methods used in the prevention and control of

communicable diseases at the naval training station, Hampton Roads, Va.-

Venereal disease experience of the U.S. S. Detroit during her

"shakedown" cruise—Typhoid fever report-Eradication of vermin : note

from the Marine Barracks, Washington, D. C.- Food poisoning- Improved sanitary quality

of foods now marketed compared with conditions ten years ago, as observed in

Detroit-Physiological effects of high temperatures and high relative

humidity-Supplementary report on tentative bacteriological standards for

swimming pools in Detroit-Correct reporting of cases remaining at the end of

the calendar year 1923 ---------------------- 659

Number 6

PREFACE ________ v

NOTICE TO SERYICE CONTRIBUTORS ----------------------------- vi

SPECIAL ARTICLES:

DIAGNOSIS OF EARLY PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS

By Lieut. W. L. Rathbun, Medical Corps, U. S. Naval Reserve Force

____________ 685

PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS, EARLY DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF.

By Lieut. Commander J. B. Pollard, Medical Corps, U. S. Navy_ 691

EXTENSIVE SUPERFICIAL BURNS.

By Lieut. Commander G. W. Shepard, ledical Corps, U. S. Navy_ 697

SULPHARSPHENAMINE, A REPORT ON ITS USE AT THE MAYO CLINIC, ROCHESTER.

MINN.

By Lieut. Commander R. Hayden, Medical Corps, U. S. Navy.__ _ 702

LEPROSY IN THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS.

By Lieut. J. M. McCants, Medical Corps, U. S. Navy ________ _ 705

CLINICAL NOTES:

KONDOLEON OPERATION AND FILARIASIS.

By Lieut. Commander H. M. Stenhouse. Medical Corps, U. S. Navy

____________ 715

MAXILLARY SINUSITIS OF DENTAL ORIGIN.

By Lieut. E. B. Howell, Dental Corps, U. S. Navy_____________ 716

REPORT OF A CASE OF LARGE "SOLITARY" TUBERCULOUS ABSCESS OF LIVER.

By Lieut. L. F. Robinson. Medical Corps, U. S. Naval Reserve Force-------------------------------

719

ADVANCED TUBERCULOSIS UNSUCCESSFULLY TREATED BY ARTIFICIAL PNEUMOTHORAX,

COMPLICATED BY PYO-PNEUMOTHORAX AND TREATMENT BY THORACOPLASTY, A CASE OF.

By Lieut. (Junior Grade) E. W. Gutzmer, Medical Corps, U. S. Navy

---------------------------------- 721

NOTES AND COMMENTS :

A correction.-Value and limitations of the Rontgen ray in the diagnosis

of pulmonary affections. - Sulpharsphenamine on board ship.-A note on

interpretation of dental radiographs __________ - 727

NAVY NURSE CORPS:

MY FIRST DUTY ABOARD SHIP. THE U. S. S.

"RELIEF"-------------- 739

BOOK NOTICES--------------------------------- 751

PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, STATISTICS:

STUDIES OF SUBMARINE VENTILATION IN TROPICAL WATERS.

By Lieut. Commander R. F. Jones and Lieut. G. H. Mankin, Medical Corps,

U. S. Navy ----------- 759

STUDIES BY THE UNIITED STATES PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE REGARDING CHEMICAL

AND PHYSIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF INDUSTRIAL FATIGUE__ 795

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL REPORT OF AN OUTBREAK OF BACILLARY DYSENTERY AT THE MARINE BARRACKS,

RIFLE RANGE, SANTO DOMINGO CITY, DOMINICAN REPUBLIC.

By Lieut. H. B. LaFavre, medical Corps, U. S. Navy____________ 797

Bacillary dysentery among Marine Corps and Nay personnel serving with

the gendarmerie of Haiti.- Bacillary dysentery in Guam. Needless noise a

detriment to health and efficiency.-Naval training stations, notes

from.-Venereal disease conditions from the U. S. S. "Pittsburgh,"

report on.-Fatal accident attributed to rusty surface of a revolving

shaft-Admissions for injuries and poisonings,

January and February, 1924------------------------- 800

INDEX …. I

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Note: The colors, contrast and appearance of these illustrations are unlikely to be true to life. They are derived from scanned images that have been enhanced for machine interpretation and have been altered from their originals.

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Lepanthes forceps Luer & R. Escobar by Sebastián Vieira

Scalpel...Forceps...Scythe...Doctor's strike for pay. The Times. Peter Brookes by tedesco57

The Daily Telegraph writes

The head of the NHS attacked the British Medical Association (BMA) for demanding “extortionate pay” for striking doctors to return to work in emergencies.

Sir Jim Mackey, the NHS chief executive, criticised the doctors’ union in a message to NHS hospital trust leaders.

Junior – now resident – doctors have entered the last of a five-day strike that began on Friday.

The BMA has rejected 18 emergency requests by NHS hospitals for striking doctors to cross the picket line and help.

Hospitals are able to make emergency requests for help to striking doctors – called “derogations” – to help stop patients coming to harm, such as in emergency departments and cancer care.

However, Sir Jim said that of the 18 rejected requests, the BMA would only support half of these “if extortionate pay rates were offered to striking doctors”.

CDV Nurse Southsea by Peter Maleczek

Lovely clear picture of this Victorian/Edwardian nurse.Shows her chatelaine with scissors,forceps,etc.She is wearing an armband with a crown which I am unfamiliar with,I presume this may relate to her being a military nurse,can anyone confirm?Photographer is H G Chase,326 Fawcett road Southsea so that may help to date this?

A pair of forceps 337:365 (5:1798) by George Redgrave

2 5

These forceps are marked: stainless Pakistan

The Challenge Friday group has chosen Pair for Week 48.

IMG_7231 spot belly forceps crab by budak

Ozius guttatus

Pleurothallis aff. forceps-cancri by Kevin Holcomb

Choices by Alan Nachman

14 3

I've been at it again with another dental motivational poster. Hope these things aren't too freaky for people on here.

Strobist info: DIY Macro Studio with Sunpak 383 @ 1/8 power camera right with 16 channel remote trigger (love these things)....some tools of my trade and something someone lost last week.

Learn how to light at Strobist

Alveoloplastia e Remoção de raízes residuais - cirurgia II by Alessandra Souza

2ª Consulta

Data: 12/05/2010

Alessandra Souza (eu) e Priscilla Lopes

Prof. Marcelo

__________________________________Can u belive i did this :) ? Ohh i love my job!

Procedures:

-Removal of the remaining roots and teeths.

-Alveoloplasty & gingivectomy

---------------------------------------------------------------

2ª Consulta

Data: 12/05/2010

Alessandra Souza (eu) e Priscilla Lopes

Prof. Marcelo

_______________________________________

Região: Hemi-arcada inferior direita

Técnica anestésica: -Anestesia infiltrativa (nn alveolar médio e posterior) - -localizada em cada dente

-Anestesia N. Mentual

-Trígono retromolar

Anestésico: Mepivacaína com vaso [6 1/2 tubetes]

Procedimento: Remoção das raízes remanescentes e dentes perdidos, sem forceps, só com alavancas.

Instrumentos: cj alavancas e elevadores (apenas luxando com as alavancas), sindesmótomo e alveolótomo. Fio de sutura nª04.

***Sem nenhum forceps***_____

Região: Hemi-arcada inferior direita

Técnica anestésica: -Anestesia infiltrativa (nn alveolar médio e posterior) - -localizada em cada dente

-Anestesia N. Mentual

-Trígono retromolar

Anestésico: Mepivacaína com vaso [6 1/2 tubetes]

Procedimento: Remoção das raízes remanescentes e dentes perdidos, sem forceps, só com alavancas.

Instrumentos: cj alavancas e elevadores (apenas luxando com as alavancas), sindesmótomo e alveolótomo. Fio de sutura nª04.

***Sem nenhum forceps***

Common Earwig (Forficula auricularia) by Nancy Hall

"Forficula auricularia, the common earwig or European earwig, is an omnivorous insect in the family Forficulidae. The European earwig survives in a variety of environments and is a common household insect in North America. The name earwig comes from the appearance of the hindwings, which are unique and distinctive among insects, and resemble a human ear when unfolded; the species name of the common earwig, auricularia, is a specific reference to this feature. They are considered a household pest because of their tendency to invade crevices in homes and consume pantry foods, and may act either as a pest or as a beneficial species depending on the circumstances.

Forficula auricularia is reddish-brown in color, with a flattened and elongate body, and slender, beaded antennae. An obvious feature of earwigs is the pair of 'pincers' or forceps at the tip of the flexible abdomen. Both sexes have these pincers; in males they are large and very curved, whereas in females they are straight. Nymphs are similar to adults in appearance, but their wings are either absent or small."

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