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The Rover SD1, there's nothing much you can really say about it that hasn't already been said. Often considered the last 'true' Rover, the SD1 was built in a time when the company was facing a painful decline under the weight of industrial tensions and economic pressure, and would end garnering a mixed reception at the time, but has since become a true cult classic.
The SD1's history truly goes back to the formation of British Leyland in 1968, where at the encouragement of then Minister of Technology, the late Tony Benn, British Motor Holdings, owner of Morris, Austin, Austin-Healey, Jaguar/Daimler, Rover and a slew of other small car manufacturers, merged with the Leyland Motor Group, builder of many fine trucks and buses as well as being owner of the Triumph brand. The intention of this company was to create a utopian British General Motors, a selection of market beating brands to win over the UK and European motoring scene, as well as the American one at that. Sadly, what resulted was industrial turmoil the likes of which had never been witnessed before, with each company being in rivalry with one another, and Soviet funded Unions causing mass-strikes and sabotage to the company.
At the time of the merger, Rover produced two family cars outside of its subsidiary Land Rover, these being the legendary Rover P5, and the equally as popular Rover P6. Both these cars had a strong image with the British public, but were starting to show their age, the P5 debuting in 1958, and the P6 in 1963. As such, Rover began considerations for a new car in 1969, this being dubbed project P10. In 1971, David Bache, Rover's Chief Designer, was tasked with styling this new car, and following his tradition of looking to the future rather than what was current, he set his sights on Maranello, where Ferrari's GTB/4 Daytona, was being lauded for its beautifully crisp design and styling. Taking cues from the streamlined sports car, the SD1 was to incorporate the same general look, with a long streamlined body, wrap-around headlights and anything else that made it look less like an Executive Saloon and more like a sports car.
Mechanically, the SD1 was built for simplicity, a problem that had been highlighted on the previous P6, which was comparatively complex and difficult. Whilst suspension was altered from the previous model, the SD1's biggest party piece was its engine, the fantastically reliable Rover V8, which had proven its worth in the P5, P6, and the then-new Range Rover. The car was therefore fitted with a 3.5L version of the engine, giving this car some extra performance grunt over the competition, matching its streamlined style.
To build the SD1, Rover decided to built at a cost of £31 million a new production line at their Solihull Works, with the intention of building initially 1,500 cars per week, but this being later increased to 3,000 cars per week to improve competitiveness. Ideas were also toyed with as to additional versions of the car, the only other variation being an Estate version that consisted of two prototypes, distinguished from one another by their differing tailgate design. These cars sadly never went into production but both have been preserved, one being the private transport of British Leyland Chairman Sir Michael Edwardes during the late 1970's.
Eventually the SD1 was launched to critical and customer acclaim in July 1976, being praised specifically for its crisp, beautiful styling combined with raw and reliable power. With the SD1 now in full swing, the previous P6 was retired in 1977, together with the Triumph 2000, which, since the merger of 1968, had been in direct competition with the P6 as a 4-door family saloon, one prime example of British Leyland's flawed creation. The SD1 on the other hand continued to garner universal praise, and won the 1977 European Car of the Year Award, the only British Leyland car to do this.
But problems soon came quick and thick for the SD1, as the industrial relations and hopeless build quality of British Leyland soon reared their ugly head. Strike Cars were especially unreliable, suffering from faulty electrics, poor engines, unfinished interiors, panels that fell off, and, most problematic, the demon rust. The SD1 was, like most BL products, a sad victim of this as none of the contemporary rust agents were used to save on costs. The result was that your new and shiny SD1 would probably have started rusting on the way home from the showroom, but would most likely breakdown before it disintegrated completely. Rover's saviour was starting to turn sour as sales began to fall, combined also with a fuel crisis in 1979 that made driver's aware of this new word known as 'fuel economy'.
In 1981, Rover attempted to improve the breed with a proposed facelift for the 1982 model year, which included the movement of production from the new Solihull factory to take up the former production lines for the Princess at the Morris factory in Cowley. Over 5 months the move was carried out, with the last SD1's leaving Solihull in November 1981, with the result of the new £31 million factory and 800 workers being made redundant. The factory however has thankfully seen resumed use, first for the construction of Maestro's, and later the Land Rover Discovery and Freelander.
As for the SD1, a new facelift altered the cosmetic appearance and added a few extra toys. This was followed in September 1982 by the debut of the SD1 Turbo, and, that December, the Rover SD1 Vitesse, a performance version with an updated 190hp engine to compete with the likes of the SAAB 900 Turbo and the BMW 528i. The Vitesse allowed the SD1 to take part in a variety of motor racing events, and reaped victory after victory between 1983 and 1986. The performance capabilities of both the Vitesse and the standard SD1 also made the car an ideal tool for the Police, with the Metropolitan and West Midlands Police Forces acquiring a large number for use as patrol cars, usually on the motorways. In fact it was one of these cars that carried out the 'Liver Run' on the 8th May, 1987, where a donor organ was transported from London Stansted Airport to the Cromwell Hospital in Central London, a distance of 27 miles, in under 30 minutes through London traffic, resulting in the full recovery of the patient after a successful operation.
However, in 1980, the ailing British Leyland signed a deal with Honda to help produce reliable cars, this being proven by the Triumph Acclaim and the Rover 200, both of which were just badge-engineered versions of the Honda Ballade. The reliability of these cars resulted in a company policy change, whereby all new Rover cars would be based or designed to similar standards as Honda machines. With this in mind, the SD1 was now somewhat redundant in this field, and would solider on until June 1986 whereupon it was replaced after 303,000 cars by the Rover 800, which took many design cues from the Honda Legend.
Time has sadly not been kind to the SD1, as the endemic rust and reliability problems have seen these cars reduced down to only 373 known examples in the UK, making it one of the most endangered cars in the world. But that doesn't mean the SD1 still isn't popular, if anything it has become one of the most desirable cult classics in history, thanks to its reliabile powerplant and timeless design. It's appearances in modern media are beyond numbers, including being shown in the New Avengers, Blott on the Landscape, Nuns on the Run, and, quite possibly its most famous on-screen performance, its role in the music video for the 1981 hit single 'Don't you want me' by the Human League, which I can't help but get stuck in my head whenever I see an SD1 roll by!
U.S. Scott# C1 - 1918 6¢ Curtiss Jenny
Issue Date: December 10, 1918
City: Washington, DC
Quantity: 3,395,854
Printed By: Bureau of Engraving and Printing
Printing Method: Flat plate printing
Perforations: 11
Color: Orange
The first airmail stamps were issued in 1918. The U.S. Airmail Service was born that year, when two feeble 90-horsepower Curtiss Jenny airplanes departed from New York and Washington. Due to a faulty compass, the Washington flight landed way off course (Maryland as opposed to New York). But the New York flight was flawless, and Airmail Service began. The Act of May 6, 1918, authorized the Post Office Department to carry the mail by airplane. This ruling necessitated a new stamp – one of distinctive design and color. A red frame and blue vignette (design) on white paper created a patriotic “red, white and blue” airmail issue (the 24¢ Curtiss Jenny). The airmail rate was set at 24¢ per ounce and thus the first airmail stamp was born!
In accordance with a new order in June of 1918, the airmail rate was reduced to 16¢ for up to the first ounce (this charge included a special delivery fee) and 6¢ for each additional ounce. This rate change produced a new stamp which reflected the same design as the original, but was done in only one color instead of three (16¢ Curtiss Jenny). In the latter part of 1918, the airmail rate was again reduced. The fee was 6¢ per ounce (eliminating the additional 10¢ special delivery charge of the previous stamp). The original airmail design was used once again, but the single color was changed from green (on the 16¢ issue) to orange (6¢ Curtiss Jenny).
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U.S. Scott# C3 - 1918 24¢ Curtiss Jenny
Issue Date: May 13, 1918
City: Washington, DC
Quantity: 2,134,888
Printed By: Bureau of Engraving and Printing
Printing Method: Flat plate printing
Perforations: 11
Color: Carmine rose and blue
First Official U.S. Airmail Flight - On September 23, 1911, Earle Ovington made America’s first airmail delivery between Garden City and Mineola, New York.
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U.S. Scott# C6 - 1923 24¢ De Havilland Plane
Issue Date: August 21, 1923
City: Washington, DC
Quantity: 5,285,776
Printed By: Bureau of Engraving and Printing
Printing Method: Flat plate printing
Perforations: 11
Color: Carmine
The DeHavilland Biplane is pictured on this 24¢ airmail issue. This aircraft eventually replaced the Jenny in carrying the mail. This particular stamp was issued to provide payment for night flights from New York all the way to the Pacific Coast.
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U.S. Scott# 716 1932 2c Third Olympic Winter Games - Plate Block F 20821
Issue Date: January 25, 1932
First City: Lake Placid, NY
Quantity Issued: 51,102,800
The 1932 2¢ Winter Olympic Games stamp is the first U.S. stamp issued to commemorate the international competition. Voters chose this stamp as on of the 100 Greatest American Stamps.
1932 marked the third time the Winter Games were held, and the first time the event was held in the U.S. The games were held in Lake Placid, a small town in upstate New York that was home to less than 3,000 year round residents.
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U.S. Scott# 718 - 1932 3¢ Runner at Starting Mark Summer Olympic Games - Block
Issue Date: June 15, 1932
City: Los Angeles, CA
Quantity Issued: 168,885,300
Printed by: Bureau of Engraving and Printing
Printing Method: Rotary Press
Perforations: 11 X 10½
Color: Violet
This stamp was issued in honor of the 1932 Summer Olympic Games. It release was delayed because the first class rate was scheduled to be changed. The increase to 3¢ was signed into law on June 6, and #718 was released the following week. There was large demand for this stamp, so they were on sale for just a short time.
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U.S. Scott# 719 - 1932 5c 10th Summer Olympic Games: Discus Thrower Block
Issue Date: June 15, 1932
City: Los Angeles, CA
Quantity Issued: 52,376,100
Printed by: Bureau of Engraving and Printing
Printing Method: Rotary Press
Perforations: 11 X 10½
Color: Blue
This stamp was issued in honor of the 1932 Summer Olympic Games. It covered the international letter rate and was used by athletes from other countries. The design is based on a classic Greek sculpture called Discobolus.
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2. Magdalen’s Childhood
Magdalen, the youngest child, was very beautiful and, even in her early years, tall and well-developed like a girl of more advanced age. She was full of frivolity and seductive art. Her parents died when she was only seven years old. She had no great love for them even from her earliest age, on account of their severe fasts. Even as a child, she was vain beyond expression, given to petty thefts, proud, self-willed, and a lover of pleasure. She was never faithful, but clung to whatever flattered her the most. She was, therefore, extravagant in her pity when her sensitive compassion was aroused, and kind and condescending to all that appealed to her senses by some external show. Her mother had had some share in Magdalen’s faulty education, and that sympathetic softness the child had inherited from her. Magdalen was spoiled by her mother and her nurse. They showed her off everywhere, caused her cleverness and pretty little ways to be admired, and sat much with her dressed up at the window. That window-sitting was the chief cause of her ruin. I saw her at the window and on the terraces of the house upon a magnificent seat of carpets and cushions, where she could be seen in all her splendor from the street. She used to steal sweetmeats, and take them to other children in the garden of the castle. Even in her ninth year she was engaged in love affairs. With her developing talents and beauty, increased also the talk and admiration they excited. She had crowds of companions. She was taught, and she wrote love verses on little rolls of parchment. I saw her while so engaged counting on her fingers. She sent these verses around, and exchanged them with her lovers. Her fame spread on all sides, and she was exceedingly admired. But I never saw that she either really loved or was loved. It was all, on her part at least, vanity, frivolity, self adoration, and confidence in her own beauty. I saw her a scandal to her brother and sisters whom she despised and of whom she was ashamed on account of their simple life. (Vol. 1, pp. 335-336)
3. Magdalen Inherits the Castle of Magdalum
When the patrimony was divided, the castle of Magdalum fell by lot to Magdalen. It was a very beautiful building. Magdalen had often gone there with her family when she was a very young child, and she had always entertained a special preference for it. She was only about eleven years old when, with a large household of servants, men and maids, she retired thither and set up a splendid establishment for herself. Magdalum was a fortified place, consisting of several castles, public buildings and large squares of groves and gardens. It was eight hours east of Nazareth, about three from Capharnaum, one and a half from Bethsaida toward the south, and about a mile from the Lake of Genesareth. It was built on a slope of the mountain and extended down into the valley which stretches off toward the lake and around its shores. One of those castles belonged to Herod. He possessed a still larger one in the fertile region of Genesareth. Some of his soldiers were stationed in Magdalum, and they contributed their share to the general demoralization. The officers were on intimate terms with Magdalen. There were, besides the troops, about two hundred people in Magdalum, chiefly officials, master builders, and servants. The castle of Magdalum was the highest and most magnificent of all; from its roof one could see across the Sea of Galilee to the opposite shore. Five roads led to Magdalum, and on every one at one half-hour’s distance from the well fortified place, stood a tower built over an arch. It was like a watchtower whence could be seen far into the distance. These towers had no connection with one another; they rose out of a country covered with gardens, fields, and meadows. Magdalen had men servants and maids, fields and herds, but a very disorderly household; all went to rack and ruin. (Vol. 1, pp. 336-337)
4. Magdalen’s Reputation
Sts. Zachary and Elizabeth being long since dead, St. John the Baptist has been preaching and baptizing publicly and is gaining fame and followers. Jesus has just begun His public life, but is yet to perform any miracles.* (*In most cases we have provided introductions for sections which do not follow immediately upon the preceding section. —Publisher, 2005.) Six men who were coming from the baptism of John met Jesus. Among them were Levi, known later as Matthew, and two sons of the widowed relatives of Elizabeth. They all knew Jesus, some through relationship, others by hearsay; and they strongly suspected, though they had had no assurance of it, that He was the One of whom John had spoken. They spoke of John, of Lazarus and his sisters, especially of Magdalen. They supposed she had a devil, for she was already living apart from her family in the castle of Magdalum. These men accompanied Jesus, and were filled with astonishment at His discourse. The aspirants to baptism going from Galilee to John used to tell him all that they knew and heard of Jesus, while they that came from Ainon, where John baptized, used to tell Jesus all they knew of John…Magdalen’s castle in Magdalum was not far off, and Magdalen herself was at this time at the height of her glory. (Vol. 1, pp. 342, 352)
10. Magdalen’s First Attempt to See Jesus
Jesus returns from the desert and is quickly rejoined by many of His disciples, who begin again to baptize. He is invited to the marriage feast at Cana, where He performs His first public miracle. He and His disciples travel in the area around the Sea of Galilee. A couple of hours from Gadara, Jesus again crossed the Jordan, and went on toward the southwest, leaving Scythopolis to the left. He crossed Mount Moreh to Jezrael, a city on the west side of the plain Esdrelon. Jesus cured numbers there openly before the synagogue. But He stayed a few hours only in Jezrael, so that Magdalen who, at the earnest entreaty of Martha, had come with her to see Jesus, did not find Him on her arrival. She heard only of His miracles from the lips of those whom He had cured. The sisters here separated, and Magdalen retraced her steps to Magdalum…Jesus consoled Lazarus on the subject of Magdalen, of whom He said that already there had fallen upon her soul a spark of salvation, which would entirely consume her. (Vol. 2, pp. 64, 72)
11. Magdalen’s First Call to Conversion
Jesus and His disciples travel to Galilee, where He continues teaching and performing miracles. John the Baptist is now no longer baptizing but is preaching of Jesus and referring all who ask for baptism to the disciples of Jesus. Jesus taught in Jezrael and performed many miracles before a great concourse of people. All the disciples from Galilee were here assembled to meet Him. Nathanael Chased, Nathanael the bridegroom, Peter, James, John, the sons of Mary Cleophas, all were there. Lazarus, Martha, Seraphia (Veronica) and Johanna Chusa, who had come before from Jerusalem, had visited Magdalen at
her castle of Magdalum to persuade her to go with them to Jezrael in order to see, if not to hear, the wise, the admirable, the most eloquent, and most beautiful Jesus, of whom the whole country was full. Magdalen had yielded to the persuasions of the women and, surrounded by much vain display, accompanied them thither. As she stood at the window of an inn gazing down into the street, Jesus and His disciples came walking by. He looked at her gravely as He passed, with a glance that pierced her soul. An unusual feeling of confusion came over her. Violently agitated, she rushed from the inn and, impelled by an overpowering sense of her own misery, hid in a house wherein lepers and women afflicted with bloody flux found a refuge. It was a kind of hospital under the superintendence of a Pharisee. The people of the inn from which Magdalen had fled, knowing the life she was leading, cried out: “That’s the right place for her, among lepers and people tormented with bloody flux!” But Magdalen had fled to the house of the leprous through that feeling of intense humiliation roused in her soul by the glance of Jesus, for she had made her way into that respectable position among the other women through a motive of pride, not wishing to stand in the crowd of poor, common people. Accompanied by Lazarus, she returned to Magdalum with Martha and the other women. The next Sabbath was there celebrated by them, for Magdalum could boast a synagogue. (Vol. 2, pp. 78-79)
I both love and hate how when you change the slightest thing about a photo, it changes the entire meaning behind it. I shot this yesterday as my second new 5D selfie (with great difficulty, I've got to add - the remote I ordered off Amazon was faulty so I had to do self timer dashes, luckily the seller was lovely and dispatched a new one which arrived today and does work!) but anyway, I thought up this photo a few weeks ago with thoughts of a spring like image for when the weather grew warmer. As you UK Flickr-ers know, the weather's been pretty great for the past week, so I decided to shoot this. Of course being based on spring you'd think it should be bright and colourful, but whilst editing just now I've not been able to STAND the colour version! I'd tried everything else I could think of so I just switched it to black and white, and I knew straight away it changed the story of the image, but I preferred it so much I couldn't resist using it as the final rather than struggling to make a good colour version of it. So here we are!
Also, yes, I do have a giant paper flower the size of my head... I'm sure it'll be seen again some time!
One more thing, I got tagged to answer 10 facts about myself by Angharad, so here we go!
#1 I used to want to be a cartoon animator/illustrator. #2 When I have my mind set on something, nothing can stop me. #3 I'm left handed and I'm part Italian. #4 I get a lot of compliments about my eyes but I'd prefer them to be green rather than dark brown, my hair is my favourite thing about myself. #5 I really love 80's music, 80's fashion, 80's everything. #6 I hate being in photographs, usually if someone whips out any sort of camera in front of my face I puff out my cheeks or stick my tongue out to the side, yet I take so many self portraits and occasionally model for others - I don't think it makes any sense. #7 I work part time at the local Wetherspoons, something I've thrown in here because I don't think any of you know about it. #8 I have a tattoo just under my elbow (but on the inside of my arm) of a camera, so if you ever notice a dark shape on my left arm in photos, that's what it is! #9 A lot of stuff happened to me whilst I was a child, but I think if anything it made me a better person in the long run, and I wouldn't be on Flickr right now if none of it had happened. #10 I'm a massive hoarder of everything from Victorian era items which make for beautiful props, to hundreds of tickets for trains and buses.
PERIYAR E.V.RAMASAMY and WOMEN RIGHTS
With regards to marriage, Periyar has stated that it is one of the worst customs in India. He claimed that the marriage principle, briefly, involves the enslavement of a woman by her husband and nothing else. This enslavement is concealed under the cover of marriage rites to deceive the women concerned by giving the wedding the false name of a divine function.[7]
There have been numerous papers in South India reporting how husbands have killed their wives, suspecting immoral behavior. The husband's suspicion of his wife's character has often led to murders. Those who believe in the divine dispensation, according to Periyar, do not have the knowledge to ask themselves why marriages conducted according to religious rites and the approval of God end in this fashion.[7]
Periyar further states that the very idea that the only proper thing for women to do is to be slaves of domesticity, bear children and bring them up, is a faulty one. As long as these restrictions are imposed on women, we can be sure that women have to be subservient to men and depend on men for help. If women have to live on terms of equality with men, they must have the liberty, like men, to have the kind of education they like and also to do unhampered, any work suitable to their knowledge, ability and taste.[8]
Furthermore, Periyar objected to terms like "giving of a maid" and "given in marriage". They are, "Sanskrit terms" and treat woman as a thing. He advocated the substitution of the word for marriage taken from the Tirukkual "Valkai thunai" or "life partner".[9]
Expenses[edit]
With marriage comes the expenses. Periyar stated that in our country, and particularly in Hindu society, a marriage is a function causing a lot of difficulties and waste to all people concerned. But those who conduct the marriage function and those who are getting married do not appear to notice the attendant difficulties because they think that social life necessitates wasteful expense and many difficulties and therefore they must necessarily face those inconveniences and hardships.[10]
Wedding feast, jewels, expensive clothes, procession, pandal, dance, music—money is spent on all these to satisfy the vanity of the organizers. Whatever may be the amount of money spent on the wedding and however pompous each of the items may be, the mirth and jollity associated with these are over in two or three days. In a week's time the prestige and honor connected with these are forgotten.[10] But the wedding expenses leave many families crushed; for many poor families these expenses leave an enormous burden and the debts remain uncleared for a number of years.[11]
However, if the money intended for the wedding expense is not borrowed and belongs to either of the marriage parties, then that amount could be used by her to bring up her children and to educate them. Such a procedure would be highly beneficial to her.[12]
Arranged marriages[edit]
In South Asia we mostly hear of arranged marriages as part of custom, heritage, and religions. Periyar thought that the Aryan wedding methods were barbarous because of the Aryan religion and art: Vedas, Sastras, Puranas, and Epics belong to the barbaric age. He further stated that is the reason why their wedding methods involve the parents giving the girl, prostituting the girl children and some stranger carrying the girl away by force or stealth.[13]
Arranged marriages in general were meant to enable the couple to live together throughout life and derive happiness, satisfaction and a good reputation, even years after the sexual urge and sexual pleasure are forgotten.[14]
But, with the selfish manipulation of this pact, Periyar claimed that women find 'pleasure' in slavish marriage because they have been brought up by their parents without education, independence and self-respect and because they have been made to believe that marriage means subordination to males. The inclusion of such slavish women in the group of 'chaste' women is another lure to them, leading them to find pleasure in such marriages.
Because a man is also married before he has understood the nature of life, its problems and its pleasures, he is satisfied with the slavish nature of the wife and the sexual pleasure she gives. If he finds any incompatibility, he adapts himself to his partner and the circumstances and puts up with his lot.[14]
Love marriages[edit]
Love marriages, claims Periyar, on the other hand will suit only those who have no ideals in life. Such a wedding gives primacy to sexual union along and it is doubtful if it indicates an agreement between the couple for good life. Sexual compatibility alone does not ensure happy married life; the couple should be able to live together cheerfully. Suitability for life or living together can be determined only if the man and woman get used to the company of each other, and are satisfied with each other. Only then, they can enter into an agreement to live together.[13]
Periyar further states that love marriages can give pleasure only as long as there is lust and the ability to satisfy that lust. If there is no compatibility between the partners in other respects, such marriages end only in the enslavement of women. The lies of such women resemble the lives of bullocks which are tied to a cart, beaten up and made to labor endlessly until they die.[14]
Therefore, there is a proverb stating, "A deeply loving girl is unfit for family life; a suitable life partner is unfit for love." Periyar believed that the agreement between partners to live together will constitute a better marriage than a love marriage.[14]
Self-respect marriages[edit]
In a leading article of Viduthalai, Periyar states that a self-respect wedding is based on rationalism. Rationalism is based on the individual's courage. Some may have the courage to conduct it during the time which almanacs indicate as the time of the planet Rahu and that, particularly in the evening. Some others may have just enough daring to avoid the Brahmin priest and his mother tongue - the Sanskrit language.[15] Some may feel nervous about not keeping the traditional lamp burning in broad daylight. Some others may have the rotten thought that conducting a wedding without 'mangala sutra' is disgraceful.
Still, the self-respect weddings conducted during the past thirty years have some basic limits. They are: Brahmins and their mantras should be utterly avoided; meaningless rituals, piling mud pots, one on another, having the traditional lamp during day time, ritual smoke - all these should be avoided. Rationalism does not approve of these. Periyar then asks why can't the government pass an Act that legalizes weddings which avoid the above-mentioned superstitious practices. If all these details cannot be accommodated in the Act, the latter can legalize weddings which don't have Brahmin priests, the Sanskrit language and the so called holy fire.[16]
Thus, marriages styled as Self-Respect marriages carried a threefold significance: a) replacing the Purohit, b) inter-caste equality, c) man-woman equality. Periyar claimed to have performed Self-Respect marriages unofficially since 1925 and officially since 1928.[17] Self-Respect marriages were legalized in 1967 by the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) Government.[18]
Widow-remarriage[edit]
On the remarriage of widows, Periyar states that among the atrocities perpetrated by the Hindu male population against women, here we have to consider the treatment meted out to widows alone. If a girl loses her husband, even before knowing anything of worldly pleasures, she is compelled to close her eyes to everything in the world and die broken-hearted. Even in Periyar's community at the time, there were widowed girls below the age of 13 years. Periyar stated how it is a touching sight to see the parents of those widowed children treating them like untouchables.[19]
He goes on to say that whatever may be the reason for the present state of the Hindu society, my firm belief that the low position given permanently to widows may prove to be the reason for the utter ruin of the Hindu religion and the Hindu society.[20]
If we try to find the reason for such conduct, we will have to conclude that they instinctively feel that women are slaves, subservient to men and that they must be kept under control. That is why these people treat women like animals. They seem to feel that giving freedom to women is equivalent to committing a very serious crime. The result of this attitude is that there is no independence or freedom to one half of the human race. This wicked enslavement of half of the human race is due to the fact that men are physically a little stronger than women. This principle applies to all spheres of life and the weaker are enslaved by the stronger.
If slavery has to be abolished in society, the male arrogance and wickedness which lead to the enslavement of women must be abolished first. Only when this is achieved, the tender sprouts of freedom and equality will register growth.[21]
One of the reasons why Periayr hated Hinduism and the orthodoxy practiced in the name of Hinduism was the practice of child marriage. Many of the girl children who were married before they were ten or twelve years old became widows before they knew the meaning of the word. According to the 1921 All India Census the details of the child widows reported living in the country that time were as follows:[22]
1 year baby widows - 497
1 to 2 year child widows - 494
2 to 3 year child widows - 1,257
3 to 4 year child widows - 2,837
4 to 5 year child widows - 6,707
Total number of widows - 11,342
5 to 10 year young widows - 85,037
10 to 15 year young widows - 232,147
15 to 20 year young widows - 396,172
20 to 25 year young widows - 742,820
25 to 30 year young widows - 1,163,720
Total number of widows - 2,631,238[22][23]
Periyar was deeply disturbed when he realized that among the widows in India, 11,892 were little children below 5 years and that young widows below 15 years numbering 232,147 were denied the pleasures of life.[24]
With regards to the re-marriage of widows, Periyar stated that it is the practice of our people to refer to such a wedding as "a widow's marriage". Such an expression is used only with reference to women and in connection with men. Just as this lady is marrying another husband after the death of the first husband, many men marry again after the death of the first wife. But the second marriage of a man is not referred to as "a widower's marriage", though that is the proper thing to do.
Periyar himself was a widower. After becoming one, he took a second wife. He claimed that in the ancient days, both men and women in the country had this practice. There were numerous instances in sastras and puranas of women getting married again after the death of their first husband. Periyar further stated that this is not an unusual practice in the rest of the world though it might appear strange for us at the present time. Christian and Muslim women marry again after the death of the first husband. 90 percent of women in Muslim countries get married again soon after the death of the first husband. This may be unusual in certain sections of Indian societies. But it is a common practice in certain other sections of our society which are called very backward communities.[25]
Further, inter-caste marriages and remarriage of widows are on the increase in India. Brahmins oppose these because they are afraid that they cannot exploit the people any more in the name of sastras. For the same reason they oppose the Sharada Act which is necessary for social well-being.[26]
Child marriage[edit]
In all the meetings of the non-Brahmins and the Self-Respectors, Periyar condemned child marriages and emphasized the need for educating all girl children and giving right to young widows to get married again.
Periyar has been very much against child marriage and stated that it reflects the cruelty to which innocent girls were subjected by their well-meaning parents. Periyar asked that if these parents can be considered civilized in any sense of the term. There was no other leader other than Periyar who reacted against this practice of child marriage.[24]
Those who supported child marriage were strongly against Periyar's condemnation of this act. Take for example, the Sharada Act. Those who opposed this Act say that it was against the Sastras to conduct the marriage of a girl after she has attained puberty. They further say that those who conduct such marriages are committing a sin and therefore will go to hell.[27]
Chastity[edit]
Periyar claimed that "household duties" have risen out of the foolishness of people and were not natural duties.[28] He went on to say that it was our selfish greed which has multiplied our household work. Nobody need worry that without household work, the women will lose their "chastity". On chastity, Periyar went on to say that it is something that belongs to women and is not a pledge to men. Whatever, chastity is, it was something that belonged to individuals.
In society, it was believed that if people lose their chastity, they will get divine punishment. Others are not going to get that punishment. Referring to the doctrines of institutionalized orthodox religions, he went on to say that men need not to worry themselves that women are committing a sin by not doing household work. Thus, let men realize that women are not slaves and that men are not their masters or guardians. Women should be allowed to develop the competence to protect themselves and their chastity and men need not be their watchdogs. He also believed that it was derogatory for men to play such a role.[citation needed]
It was said by the orthodox[who?] that women will develop diseases if they lose their chastity. The disease that a woman gets affects the husbands also. If we[who?] educate the women, they will develop the capability to keep themselves and their husbands pure. Thus, Periyar stated in the Kudi Arasu for the society to think deeply about taking a decision and do the right thing for their sisters and girl children.[29]
Periyar kindled the thoughts of everybody by also ridiculing the use of the word chastity only with reference to women. (Periyar-Father of Tamil 32) He stated that character is essential for both men and women and that speaking of chastity only with reference to women degraded not merely women but men also. He extended this thought and said that in any sphere of activity, civilized society cannot think of one law for men and another for women. He also said that the way most men treated their women was far worse than the way the upper class people treated the lower class, the way in which rich men treated the poor and the way in which a master treated his slave.[30]
Education[edit]
On education, Periyar stated that some foolish parents believe that if girls get educated, they will correspond with their secret lovers. That it is a very foolish and mischievous notion. No parent need be anxious about it. If a girl writes a letter, it will only be to a male. We can even now caution men not to read any love letter addressed to them by a woman and, even if they read it, not to reply to it. If men do not listen to this advice, they, as well as the girls who write them must be punished. It will be a hopelessly bad thing, if parents keep their girl children uneducated for this reason.[29]
At a speeched delivered by Periyar at the Prize Distribution function in the Municipal School for Girls at Karungal Palayam, Erode, he stated that girl children should be taught active and energetic exercises like running, high jump, long jump,and wrestling so that they may acquire the strength and courage of men. Their time and energy should not be wasted in light pastimes like Kummi (groups going in a circle, clapping their hands rhythmically) and in Kolatam (striking with sticks rhythmically).
In ancient Tamil literature, poets have stressed the value of education for women. In a famous verse, a poet by the name of Naladiar stated that, "What gives beauty to a woman is not the hair style or the patter of her dress or the saffron on her face but only education".[31] In a verse of Eladhi it states, "Beauty does not lie in the style of wailing or in the charm of a blush but only in the combination of numbers and letters (education).[32]
In a 1960 issue of Viduthalai Periyar stated that "There should be a drastic revolution in the desires and ideals of Indian women. They should equip themselves to do all types of work that men are doing. They should have good domestic life without allowing nature's obstacles in their own lives. Therefore, there should be a welcome change in the minds of our women. The administrators also most pay special attention to the advancement of women".[33]
Armed forces[edit]
Periyar advocated for women to be given weapons to protect themselves in reply to a question put in the Central Legislature. He stated that we have no hope that the state governments will do anything in this sphere because most of the state ministers hold the orthodox belief that women are slavish creatures.[34] Though here and there we[who?] find women also as ministers, they are old-fashioned traditionalists who will say, "We don't want any kind of freedom. We are perfectly happy with slavery".[33]
In Periyar's time he explained that ""Indian" women had no self-determination in any sphere of life like education property and marriage. They thought that modern civilization meant dressing themselves like British and American women and adorning themselves. Even our educated women do not entertain any thought that they must enter the police and army departments and learn to pilot airplanes like the women of Russia and Turkey. Just as modern education has made men cowards an book-worms, it has made our women decoratie [sic] dolls and weaklings".[33]
In a leading article written by Periyar in Viduthalai in 1946, he claimed that unless there is a drastic, fundamental and revolutionary change in our[who?] administrative machinery, it is impossible to make our women independent beings.[33]
Periyar goes on to explain that in our country also, there are thousands of women with the courage, competence and desire to work in the police department. Just as girls going to school was considered wonderful and cycle-riding by girls was considered funny, a few years ago, women on police duty may appear to be wonderful or strange for a few years. Then, in course of time, this will be considered natural.[33]
We[who?] need methods that will effect an astounding revolution in the world of women. Until we acquire those methods, we will be moving forward like a tortoise and writing and talking about Drowpath and Sita.[35]
Periyar, in a 1932 article of Kudi Arasu, explained that "women should develop physical strength like men. They must take exercise and get training in the use of weapons. They must acquire the ability to protect themselves when any sex-mad person tries to molest them. They should get the necessary training to join the armey [sic] when need arises and fight the enemy. This is the view of all civilized people. Women also wholeheartedly support this view. When the general view in the world is like this, who can accept the statement of some people that there is no use in giving higher education to women?"[33]
Birth control[edit]
"Others advocate birth-control, with a view of preserving the health of women and conserving family property; but we advocate it for the liberation of women."[36]
In the Kudi Arasu of 1932, Periyar explained the basic differences between the reasons given to us for contraception and the reasons given by others for this. We say that contraception is necessary for women to gain freedom. Others advocate contraception taking into consideration many problems like the health of women, the health and energy of the children, the poverty of the country and the maintenance of the family property. Many Westerners also support contraception for the same reasons. Our view is not based on these considerations. We recommend that women should stop delivering children altogether because conception stands in the way of women enjoying personal freedom. Further, begetting a number of children prevents men also from being free and independent. This truth will be clear if we listen to talk of men and women when their freedom is hampered.[33]
He went on to say how birth control does not aim at preventing the birth of children altogether, but aims only at limiting births. A man and his wife may have two children, or at the most, three children. This birth control policy is against bringing forth an unlimited number of children.[37]
While Periyar and the Self-Respect movement were advocating for birth control, Rajaji (C. Rajagopalachariar) very strongly opposed it. Others who opposed birth control was Thiru Adhithanar, the publisher of an extremely popular newspaper, Dina Thandhi at the time. In response to Rajaji's stand against birth control, Periyar explained that he was against this since he was of the Vedic Brahmin community that staunchly engrossed in the Manu Dharma. Thus, limiting births of overpopulation would limit diseases and death from many and therefore leave Brahmin priests without a job of doing ceremonies for the sick and funerals. In a 1959 article of Viduthalai he exclaimed that "If people like Rajaji discover new islands, make the forests habitable, do propaganda for the birth of more and more children and have farms for the upbringing of children, we may be in a position to understand them."[38]
During the late 1950s, 80 percent of the men and 90 percent of the women in Tamil Nadu were illiterate. Siriyar argued in a 1959 article in Viduthalai that "in this situation, if birth control is not practiced and people are allowed to have any number of children, the result will be the multiplication of castes among the "Sudras", like washermen, barbers, pot-makers, kuravas or gypsies, hunters, fishermen, famers [sic], toddy tappers, padayachies, pillars, cobblers, pariahs, and a thousand others and a limitless increase in population. The increase in population will force the 'Sudras' to preserve themselves from starvation by standing with folded hands before lazy fellows and calling them 'swami', 'master' and 'landlord'. What good result can we expect if birth control is not adopted?"[39]
Previously in a 1933 article of the Kudi Arasu, Periyar, in his words, explained that "even a High Court Judge in India does not know the amount of trouble that a mother takes to bring up a child. If a husband is kind to his wife and shows concern for her health and happiness, he must adopt the contraceptive method. Otherwise, he must be one who could manage to see that in delivery and in the brining [sic] up of children, she does not have much trouble. Therefore, the proper thing to do now is to drastically cut the expenses mentioned above and spend money on the proper upbringing of children with the help of nurses."[40]
Property rights and divorce[edit]
With regards to property rights for women, Periyar stated that there was no difference between men and women. He went on to say that like men, women should have the right to own property and enjoy its benefits. With regards to divorce or separations, he advocated that a woman can lie away from her husband if he is an undesirable person and if he has nay virulent disease. When a woman has to live apart from her husband in these circumstances, she is entitled to maintenance allowance and a claim on the husband's property. Even if a widow gets remarried, she must be given the right to claim a share of the first husband's property.[41]
On February 4, 1946, the Central Legislature passed an Act giving the right the Hindu married woman to get from her husband in certain circumstances a separate place to live in and a maintenance allowance. Periyar explained how that it was a useless Act. since it seems that the members of the Hindu Mahasabha and Sanadahnis agitated against the grant of even this right.[42]
Dowry[edit]
On the Dowry system practiced widely throughout the Indian sub-continent not only by Hindus but Christians too, Periyar calls it a "serious disease that was spreading fast amongst Tamilians". He went on to state that the disease was also found in its virulent form among the Andhras and the Brahmins of Tamil Nadu. Periyar also argued that if a man with property worth one lakh has three daughters, he has to become a beggar by the time these daughters are married. In the name of dowry, the parents of the young men who marry the three daughters, squeeze the man's property out of him.[43]
In the 1959 issue of Viduthalai, Periyar stated that, "according to a new legislation, women have the right to a share of the parents' property. Therefore every girl will definitely get her legitimate share from the parents' wealth - if the parents are wealth. It is inhuamane [sic] on the part of the parents of a boy to dump on him a girl whom he does not like and to plan to such as much as they can from the property of the girl's father. There is basically no difference between selling education and love for money and selling one's chastity for money. 'Prostitute' is a germ of contempt for a woman; a boy should not be reduced by his avaricous [sic] parents to get the name, 'a prostituted boy' or 'a boy that has been sold'. A father-in-law who has means, however miserly he may be by nature, will not be indifferent when his daughter suffers out of poverty. Therefore, it is very shameful on the part of the bridegroom's parents to demand from the bride's father that at the time of the marriage he should gie jewels worth so many thousands along with so many thousand rupees as dowry and that he should provide the bridegroom with a house and a care. The fact that another party makes such demands at the time of his daughter's marriage does not justify any parent's demands at the time of his son's wedding. All people must realize that both demanding and giving dowry are wrong and they must boldly declare this when occasion arises."[44]
Periyar calls the dowry an evil and exploitative practice depriving tens of thousands of talented and beautiful young women with sound character remaining spinsters without any chance of getting married.[45]
Devadasis[edit]
Among the atrocities the Tamil society committed against women was the practice of keeping some women attached to temples as Devadasis. Dr. Muthulakshmi proposed the resolution at the Madras Legislature that the Devadasi system should be abolished. The Government wanted comments on that from all important people. Periyar in his statement pointed out that the Devadasi system was a disgrace to Hindu religion. The fact that, in the name of a temple or a god, some women are kept as common property is an insult to all the women in the society. He also remarked that the prevalence of this system encouraged immorality among men and thus set the pattern for unprincipled life in many families. This was stoutly opposed in the Assembly by Satyamurthi Iyer, an orthodox Congress member, under the pretext of safeguarding the Hindu traditions. It should be said to the credit of Dr. Muthulakshmi and the leaders like Periyar that the proposal of the Doctor was accepted and a law was enacted against the Devadasi system.[30]
Periyar's example of the degradation of women in the Devadasi system is explained that "if a man's physical passion is aroused when his wife is not with him, he immediately goes to a prostitute. Rough stones are planted where cows and bufaloes [sic] graze to facilitate the animals to rub against the stones when they feel like it.[46] Likewise, Devadasis served in temples and in all villages rough stones planted on the borders and they say that these two (employing devadasis and the planting rough stones) are aamong [sic] the 32 dharmas mentioned in the sastras. When we consider why his kindness to the suffering and also the 32 dharmas are all bogus".[46]
Resolutions passed[edit]
As the Self-Respect conference held in Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu in 1929, the following were among the many resolutions passed with regards for women's rights:
Women should be given equal right along with men for the family property.
There should be no objection to employing women to any job for which they are qualified.[47]
Schools, particularly schools, should try to employ only women teachers.
At the conference held in Erode in 1930, the same resolutions were passed again reminding the delegates and others that the interest of women was still uppermost in Periyar's mind. M.R. Jayakar who presided oer the Erode conference was greatly impressed by the progressive views of Periyar and other members. He was particularly happy that the movement included not merely non-Brahmin Hindus but Christians and Muslims too. He pointed out that the Self-Respect movement was more progressive than Congress. Furthermore, at the Virudhnagar conference the women members held a separate conference and passed some resolutions demanding that women should have the right to select their life partners without any consideration of religion or community and that weddings should not involve wasteful expenditure and elaborate ceremonies.[47]
Variation on Sy Chen's Pureland Panda. I tried to teach his design and got the first couple folds wrong, but it worked out alright.
The problems encountered in First Road Trials stem from a faulty main crankshaft oil seal, which is currently being replaced.
This project is now essentially finished. During first road trials some minor problems were encountered, involving over heating and some oil seals which may need changed.
Engine Start has now taken place and engine running will be filmed and posted on here shortly.
The first road run should take place in few weeks.
Advanced Re-assembly
CHASSIS No. 34501349G. Type 345: 2A 109" 6Cyl: Car No. 1349. G suffix introduced April 1969.
Date of Build: 18 June 1969
Despatched Henlys Limited, London 23 June 1969
Bulkhead refit following galvanising and painting.
Installation of pedal boxes servo steering box etc.
Completed drive train including overdrive linkage and all selectors.
Fairey Overdrive fitted to back of transfer box.
Advanced chassis and drive train re-assembly
Rebuilt 6 Cyl. IOE Engine and original LT76 overhauled Gearbox now fitted to Rolling Chassis.
The bulkhead of the 6Cyl is different to accommodate the engine and the transmission tunnel is further back into the cab.
The original bulkhead is currently being repaired, prior to galvanising powder coating and final finish.
Original panels are in 90% good condition and following repairs as required will go to paint shop in early 2019 prior to vehicle reassembly.
It is expected that project will complete during 2021.
Rover 6 Cyl. IOE Engine No. 76503445A.
110 HP Weslake unit.
Advanced Engine Reassembly, pre fitting to FOO4H Rolling chassis.
Machine Shop schedule:
Regrind crankshaft (6 big end journal) Rebore cylinder block (6 cyl)
Surface grind block
Weld repair to cylinder head (TBC) Recut 12 valves/ Reface 12 seats Ultrasonic clean and wash all parts
Balance Crank and flywheel
Assemble exhaust valves, Cam and followers into cylinder
block. Set clearances Surface grind cylinder head
New parts fitted:
Piston assembly +20
Main bearings +20 (small crank 2 1/4" dia.)
Big end bearings +10
Thrust washer
Exhaust valve (OE No. Rover 512140)
NOS timing chain and tensioner etc.
Since many of you have e-mailed me and asked for an update regarding life here at DRP Central, I thought I'd provide the details. Here goes.....
What you see in the picture is a faulty water pump that used to be attached to our furnace. It crapped out last month. Not cheap. It makes for a good pic, and I might build a robot out of it. Kidding.
The car is still dead in the driveway. It needs a new battery, the front wheel bearings replaced, and the wiring checked. Not cheap either. It was built in 1988, and behaving now like a typical rebellious teenager.
We just found out this last week that we have termites eating away at the house and need the foundation treated. They must have heard that with an Italian mother, everyone in this home eats well. Oh yeah, also not a cheap fix.
On the good news front, Jolene will be completely moved into her mystical cabin by the lake this weekend. Also, my brother is feeling fine. It seems his chest/arm pains are the result of a pinched nerve, and not the heart problems that have plagued my father forever. The parents have their assortment of aches and pains, but are stable for the moment.
As far as MY health is concerned, the specialists determined that much of my pain was caused by an incredibly nasty groin pull. However, in doing their tests, they discovered that I have what's called a varicocele and spermatocele, which are varicose veins and epididymal cysts, respectively, in my "macho gazpacho factory" (aka knackers, nuts, nads, etc.). This is causing some pain, but is not critical....unless I want to keep an erection or have kids, that is. Actually, if I notice any irregularities in the next month, I go back to the doc and see what can be done.
Hey, you asked.
So, in the meantime I need to keep plugging away at finding work, honing the photography skills into something marketable, and reinventing myself. I also have to get my ass in gear and put that auction list together so you fine people can finance my way through clown college. Oh, and here's the original "woe is me" link for those newbies that wanted to see it:
Thanks (again) for all of the support. You're deeply appreciated and loved.....and not in that icky Michael Jackson way either.
::: END TRANSMISSION :::
[+]
As a way of returning the extraordinary generosity and support you
have all shown me in this great community, whenever I upload a new
pic or series of shots this year, I'll provide a link to another flickr
photog whose work, personality, or spirit I feel you should discover.
Visit and introduce yourself. Make a friend. Share the love.
Open your eyes to phool4xc today.
Like the larger Police Box famously copied by the faulty chameleon circuit of The Doctor's TARDIS, Police Telephone Posts were designed to allow police offers to communicate with their stations without having to physically return there, enabling them to spend longer actively covering their beats. A red light at the top of each post/box flashed to tell officers to get in contact, whilst members of the public requiring assistance could also use the phone.
Sunderland seems to have had the first in the UK, in 1923, with London introducing them from 1929; by 1937 there were ~700. Demolition of concrete police boxes began in 1969 and only a few cast iron telephone posts now remain, inactive.
The light blue of this one indicates that it was used by the City of London Police, a force independent of wider London's Metropolitan Police. As the photo's title says, it's near Guildhall; specifically, it's outside St Lawrence Jewry church, and Grade II Listed.
©All photographs on this site are copyright: DESPITE STRAIGHT LINES (Paul Williams) 2011 – 2020 & GETTY IMAGES ®
No license is given nor granted in respect of the use of any copyrighted material on this site other than with the express written agreement of DESPITE STRAIGHT LINES (Paul Williams) ©
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Photograph taken off Park Lane and Stanley Park Drive at 14:14Pm on Friday 4th April 2007 in the grounds of Stanley Park, a 405-hectare public park that borders the downtown area of Vancouver in British Columbia, Canada.
Here we see a black squirrel found in abundance within the park. It is actually an Eastern Gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis), first introduced into the park in 1912, though a melanistic subgroup with black fur all over and no white underbelly. These morphs are a result of a faulty pigment gene, though it is also thought that the darker colouration is a genetic advantage, offering thermal advantages over it's grey and white counter part.
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Nikon D80. Focal length 200mm Shutter speed 1/80s Aperture f/5.6 iso400 JPeg Fine (8-Bit) Image size L (3872 x 2592). Hand held. Focus mode: AF-A AF-Area mode: Closest subject Scene Mode: Auto Matrix metering Auto white balance Colour space: sRGB Auto saturation Auto sharpening
Nikkor AF-S DX NIKKOR 55-200mm f/4-5.6G ED VR II
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JPEG Fine FILE: 28.80MB NEF: 90.6MB
PROCESSED (JPeg) FILE: 11.30MB
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PROCESSING POWER:
Nikon D850 Firmware versions C 1.10 (9/05/2019) LD Distortion Data 2.017 (20/3/18) LF 1.00
HP 110-352na Desktop PC with AMD Quad-Core A6-5200 APU 64Bit processor. Radeon HD8400 graphics. 8 GB DDR3 Memory with 1TB Data storage. 64-bit Windows 10. Verbatim USB 2.0 1TB desktop hard drive. WD My Passport Ultra 1tb USB3 Portable hard drive. Nikon ViewNX-1 64bit (Version 1.3.1 11/07/2019). Nikon Capture NX-D 64bit (Version 1.4.7 15/03/2018). Nikon Picture Control Utility 2 (Version 1.3.2 15/03/2018). Adobe photoshop Elements 8 Version 8.0 64bit.
Taken with a (faulty) Diana Baby 110 camera. The shutter on this camera was stuck on "B" even when it was set for "I" which should be around 1/100th sec. As a result all the negatives are hopelessly over exposed and exhibit spectacular camera shake, they were virtually unscanable, but I've managed to rescue some very grungy images. The film is Lomochrome Metropolis, but it is hardly shown off to its best in these!
These were taken for to accompany an interview I gave to Lomography Magazine about using 110 film in 2021.
www.lomography.com/magazine/346937-analogue-advocate-tony...
For Iron Photoghrapher 210 where the elements are:
1 - something that grips (or the uneaten part of an apple)
2 - a mirror (or other reflective surface)
3 - black and white
The faulty chrome tap being the reflective surface -we replaced it on Monday and I thought to myself that will be perfect for IP.
British postcard by London Postcard Company, no. PR 755 (Series 1 set of 6). Photo: TM and Crowvision Inc., 1996. Brandon Lee in The Crow (Alex Proyas, 1994). Caption: Graveside.
American actor and martial arts artist Brandon Lee (1965-1993) was more than the son of his famous father. His last film The Crow (1994), will be forever remembered in years to come for his acting talent. During the shooting of the film, Brandon died by an accidental gunshot wound from a faulty prop revolver. In 2000, he returned to the screen in a little Swedish film.
Brandon Bruce Lee was born in Oakland, California, the USA in 1965 to Martial Arts idol and film star Bruce Lee and Linda Lee Cadwell, an American of Swedish heritage. He was born on Chinese New Year's eve, the last day of the dragon. Brandon had a sister, Shannon Lee. Brandon was born with blond hair. As he aged, his hair color changed to brown. By the time he was able to walk, he was already involved in learning about martial arts from his father. In 1970-1971, the family moved to Hong Kong, and at the age of 8, Brandon was fluent in Cantonese. After Bruce Lee's untimely death in 1973, Brandon, his mother, and his sister moved to Los Angeles. He attended Boston's Art-Oriented Emerson College in Massachusetts and studied Martial Arts and drama, like his father. In 1983, he was expelled from school because of misbehaviour but received his diploma at Miraleste High School. Having chosen an acting career, Lee took his work seriously. He studied at the Strasberg Academy, with Eric Morris in New York and in Los Angeles, and in Lynette Katselas' class in Los Angeles. His first professional job as an actor came at age twenty when casting director Lynn Stalmaster asked him to read for a CBS television film, Kung Fu: The Movie (Richard Lang, 1986) with David Carradine. It was a spin-off of the 1970s television series Kung Fu (1972-1975). Lee's first role in a feature film was Long zai jiang hu/Legacy of Rage (Ronny Yu, 1986), Lee's first and only Hong Kong film and spoken in Cantonese. Dee Reid at IMDb: "Brandon Lee is in fine form here (despite never hearing his natural speaking voice), though the film itself - written and directed by Hong Kong action veteran Ronny Yu (who would later gain fame in the West with the American horror films Bride of Chucky and Freddy vs. Jason, and the martial arts epic Fearless with Jet Li) - is somewhat of a mixed bag; it's more or less a standard action film, with lots of stuff about gangsters, drugs, and John Woo-style gun-play. " Shortly after, on television, Lee played a lead in the pilot Kung Fu: The Next Generation (Tony Wharmby, 1987), and guest-starred in an episode of the television series Ohara (1988) with Pat Morita. He also starred in the B-film Laser Mission (BJ Davis, 1989) with Ernest Borgnine. In Hollywood, Brandon Lee co-starred with Dolph Lundgren in the buddy cop action film Showdown in Little Tokyo (Mark L. Lester, 1991). They play two L.A. cops with opposing views on what is the best way to uphold the law have to work together to bring down the Yakuza while trying to protect a beautiful woman (Tia Carrere). Next, he was in Rapid Fire (Dwight H. Little, 1992) with Powers Boothe. Lee also did the fight choreography. While some critics liked the film, most felt the script was too simple, however, almost all described Lee to be charismatic, in a slick Hollywood action film. Dee Reid at IMDb: "it was a showcase for his fighting talents. Rapid Fire is decent, certainly not perfect, but very fun to watch nonetheless." Lee turned down the offer to play his father in Dragon: The Bruce Lee Story (Rob Cohen, 1993). The role was later given to Jason Scott Lee.
In 1992, Brandon Lee landed his breakthrough role as Eric Draven in Alex Proyas' The Crow (1994), based on the comic book of the same name, which would be his final and best film. He died while filming at the age of 28, of what is to be believed, a brain hemorrhage on the set. The film crew shot a scene in which it was decided to use a gun without consent from the weapons coordinator, who had been sent home early that night. Michael Massee, the actor portraying Funboy, was required to fire a .44 magnum revolver loaded with blanks at Lee. The revolver had been inspected days earlier for a previously filmed scene in which it was not fired but needed to be seen loaded. Dummy rounds are used for this, which have a bullet, a spent primer, but no powder. One of the dummy rounds had a bullet, a live primer, and no powder. When test-fired, the primer propelled the bullet into the barrel, where it stopped. The gun was then rechecked, but no anomalies were found because the primer was now spent and the barrel was not inspected. Then, when filming the fateful scene days later, the same gun was used with blanks. Blanks are fully charged rounds with no bullets, but there was a bullet in the barrel. The blank round propelled it into Lee's abdomen just as if he had been shot with a live .44 magnum round. Michael Massee spent a year, devastated by what happened, deciding whether or not to return to acting. The crew only noticed when Lee was slow getting up. The doctors worked desperately for five hours, but it was no use. The bullet had lodged itself in Mr. Lee's lower spine. He was pronounced dead at 1:04 P.M. the next day. He was supposed to marry Eliza Hutton on 17 April 1993. His body was flown to Seattle to be buried beside his father in Lake View Cemetery. With the blessing of Lee's family and very few scenes to shoot, the film was completed by re-writing the script, using early CGI technology and stunt doubles. Wikipedia: "Released a year after, the film is known to present Lee's dramatic abilities, in which he had less of a chance to show in his previous films. It was a commercial success and now considered a cult classic. Upon release, the film received great critical acclaim and made $50 million at the box office and was also a success overseas. Many saw parallels between Lee and his father comparing their careers as action film leading men who passed young, prior to the release of their breakthrough film, with the difference that his father demonstrated high martial arts skills, while Lee showed a strong dramatic performance." In 2000, a new film with Lee was released, the Swedish production Sex, lögner & videovåld/Sex, Lies and Video Violence (Richard Holm, 2000). In 1992 Brandon Lee came to Sweden to promote Rapid Fire (1992). His host, director Richard Holm, asked Lee to make a cameo appearance in this film, and he gladly agreed. The film was shot over an extended period between 1990 to 1993, but for different reasons delayed over and over again in post-production. Finally released in 2000, seven years after Lee's death, the film was dedicated to him, in the last line in the end credits.
Sources: Caryn Liles (IMDb), Dee Reid (IMDb), Wikipedia, and IMDb.
And, please check out our blog European Film Star Postcards.
Hot Toys are not really backing up their customers. Their customers are most likely very much devoted adult collectors who spend quite a lot of money continuously on their products but the after sales customer service we get is almost none. Well, we, the collectors are stupid and guilty as charged as we keep buying their products regardless of maltreatments we get. However, they should realize that people can change mind suddenly and lose interests completely on things when such ignorance passes the tipping point or a new manufacturers with more customer friendly service with good quality show up.
I have bought my War Machine MkII from Hobby Link Japan (HLJ in short) and the customer service person – a really nice guy by the way - said they cannot get any help from Hot Toys but will give me partial refund for the trouble whereas Hot Toys once replied saying that I need to send them the invoice as a proof of purchase but after that I did not hear back from them. I try to think in good faith that they are going to send me an extra head but in the meantime I have purchased an extra head with working LED from a guy in Hong Kong and replaced the faulty one. HLJ’s partial refund was helpful and I thank them again.
A major fault line, one of the series known as the Craven Faults, runs through the centre of the picture separting the higher and more recently deposited limestone from the lower and older grits and shales. The shales and grits were a thousand feet thick with limestone being about 600 feet thick. The fault displaced rocks by anything between 600 and 6000 feet in places. So over the last two hundred million years erosion has shifted the shales and grits to reveal the limestone.
"You're a really useful engine!"
Filmed and sighted at Kingsland Shopping Centre in Dalston.
Originally made by Mitchells Children's Rides (R.G. Mitchell) in 1994 under license from Britt Allcroft (Thomas) Limited, this version was tweaked with a Stamar motherboard by Jolly Roger LTD some time in the 2010s. This unit is distributed by Photo-Me.
NOTE: The Stamar motherboard is extremely faulty.
P.S. The red and green buttons have swapped colours and sounds.
These six textures have been lovingly crafted with an old laser copier with an increasingly faulty drum and toner combo, and a flat-bed scanner.
Each textures are scans of individual prints of a black document. They each have subtle variations in the dust and noise patterns, making them unique. The last texture of the set was the last print the drum and toner agreed to generate before giving up.
Each images are around 4750x6300 pixels @ 600 ppi.
Noise and dust textures are perfect to add a subtle depth to your designs. Using them is very simple: just switch your layer's blending mode to "Screen," and play with the opacity slider.
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Now updated with transparent PNGs (ideal to quickly add in a design, and to color them using a color overlay), and bitmap TIFFs (perfect to use in Illustrator for great, detailed texture effects without hogging down your system resources).
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What's included in your download:
- Six (6) raster textures of toner noise and dust
- Roughly 4750x6300 pixels @ 600 ppi
- Bonus: negative versions
- Bonus: transparent PNG versions
- Bonus: bitmap TIFF format for lllustrator
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Photocopy noise textures volume 01: crmrkt.com/MqjoV
Photocopy noise textures volume 02: crmrkt.com/NvKqd
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Learn a few of the ways to use these textures by following these tutorials I wrote:
- www.gomediazine.com/tutorials/illustrator/introducing-the...
- www.designcuts.com/design-cuts-deals/the-ultimate-vintage...
French postcard by Sonis, no. C. 491. Photo: TM and Crowvision, 1994. Brandon Lee in The Crow (Alex Proyas, 1994).
American actor and martial arts artist Brandon Lee (1965-1993) was more than the son of his famous father. His last film The Crow (1994), will be forever remembered in years to come for his acting talent. During the shooting of the film, Brandon died by an accidental gunshot wound from a faulty prop revolver. In 2000, he returned to the screen in a little Swedish film.
Brandon Bruce Lee was born in Oakland, California, the USA in 1965 to Martial Arts idol and film star Bruce Lee and Linda Lee Cadwell, an American of Swedish heritage. He was born on Chinese New Year's eve, the last day of the dragon. Brandon had a sister, Shannon Lee. Brandon was born with blond hair. As he aged, his hair color changed to brown. By the time he was able to walk, he was already involved in learning about martial arts from his father. In 1970-1971, the family moved to Hong Kong, and at the age of 8, Brandon was fluent in Cantonese. After Bruce Lee's untimely death in 1973, Brandon, his mother, and his sister moved to Los Angeles. He attended Boston's Art-Oriented Emerson College in Massachusetts and studied Martial Arts and drama, like his father. In 1983, he was expelled from school because of misbehaviour but received his diploma at Miraleste High School. Having chosen an acting career, Lee took his work seriously. He studied at the Strasberg Academy, with Eric Morris in New York and in Los Angeles, and in Lynette Katselas' class in Los Angeles. His first professional job as an actor came at age twenty when casting director Lynn Stalmaster asked him to read for a CBS television film, Kung Fu: The Movie (Richard Lang, 1986) with David Carradine. It was a spin-off of the 1970s television series Kung Fu (1972-1975). Lee's first role in a feature film was Long zai jiang hu/Legacy of Rage (Ronny Yu, 1986), Lee's first and only Hong Kong film and spoken in Cantonese. Dee Reid at IMDb: "Brandon Lee is in fine form here (despite never hearing his natural speaking voice), though the film itself - written and directed by Hong Kong action veteran Ronny Yu (who would later gain fame in the West with the American horror films Bride of Chucky and Freddy vs. Jason, and the martial arts epic Fearless with Jet Li) - is somewhat of a mixed bag; it's more or less a standard action film, with lots of stuff about gangsters, drugs, and John Woo-style gun-play. " Shortly after, on television, Lee played a lead in the pilot Kung Fu: The Next Generation (Tony Wharmby, 1987), and guest-starred in an episode of the television series Ohara (1988) with Pat Morita. He also starred in the B-film Laser Mission (BJ Davis, 1989) with Ernest Borgnine. In Hollywood, Brandon Lee co-starred with Dolph Lundgren in the buddy cop action film Showdown in Little Tokyo (Mark L. Lester, 1991). They play two L.A. cops with opposing views on what is the best way to uphold the law have to work together to bring down the Yakuza while trying to protect a beautiful woman (Tia Carrere). Next, he was in Rapid Fire (Dwight H. Little, 1992) with Powers Boothe. Lee also did the fight choreography. While some critics liked the film, most felt the script was too simple, however, almost all described Lee to be charismatic, in a slick Hollywood action film. Dee Reid at IMDb: "it was a showcase for his fighting talents. Rapid Fire is decent, certainly not perfect, but very fun to watch nonetheless." Lee turned down the offer to play his father in Dragon: The Bruce Lee Story (Rob Cohen, 1993). The role was later given to Jason Scott Lee.
In 1992, Brandon Lee landed his breakthrough role as Eric Draven in Alex Proyas' The Crow (1994), based on the comic book of the same name, which would be his final and best film. He died while filming at the age of 28, of what is to be believed, a brain hemorrhage on the set. The film crew shot a scene in which it was decided to use a gun without consent from the weapons coordinator, who had been sent home early that night. Michael Massee, the actor portraying Funboy, was required to fire a .44 magnum revolver loaded with blanks at Lee. The revolver had been inspected days earlier for a previously filmed scene in which it was not fired but needed to be seen loaded. Dummy rounds are used for this, which have a bullet, a spent primer, but no powder. One of the dummy rounds had a bullet, a live primer, and no powder. When test-fired, the primer propelled the bullet into the barrel, where it stopped. The gun was then rechecked, but no anomalies were found because the primer was now spent and the barrel was not inspected. Then, when filming the fateful scene days later, the same gun was used with blanks. Blanks are fully charged rounds with no bullets, but there was a bullet in the barrel. The blank round propelled it into Lee's abdomen just as if he had been shot with a live .44 magnum round. Michael Massee spent a year, devastated by what happened, deciding whether or not to return to acting. The crew only noticed when Lee was slow getting up. The doctors worked desperately for five hours, but it was no use. The bullet had lodged itself in Mr. Lee's lower spine. He was pronounced dead at 1:04 P.M. the next day. He was supposed to marry Eliza Hutton on 17 April 1993. His body was flown to Seattle to be buried beside his father in Lake View Cemetery. With the blessing of Lee's family and very few scenes to shoot, the film was completed by re-writing the script, using early CGI technology and stunt doubles. Wikipedia: "Released a year after, the film is known to present Lee's dramatic abilities, in which he had less of a chance to show in his previous films. It was a commercial success and now considered a cult classic. Upon release, the film received great critical acclaim and made $50 million at the box office and was also a success overseas. Many saw parallels between Lee and his father comparing their careers as action film leading men who passed young, prior to the release of their breakthrough film, with the difference that his father demonstrated high martial arts skills, while Lee showed a strong dramatic performance." In 2000, a new film with Lee was released, the Swedish production Sex, lögner & videovåld/Sex, Lies and Video Violence (Richard Holm, 2000). In 1992 Brandon Lee came to Sweden to promote Rapid Fire (1992). His host, director Richard Holm, asked Lee to make a cameo appearance in this film, and he gladly agreed. The film was shot over an extended period between 1990 to 1993, but for different reasons delayed over and over again in post-production. Finally released in 2000, seven years after Lee's death, the film was dedicated to him, in the last line in the end credits.
Sources: Caryn Liles (IMDb), Dee Reid (IMDb), Wikipedia, and IMDb.
And, please check out our blog European Film Star Postcards.
If anyone has these old (but new) CAV 296 fuel filter elements kicking around in their stores, I suggest they bin them asap!.
We fitted this pair of new old stock 1970’s elements two weeks ago, purely because they are 100% correct for the period of vehicle, but after less than an hour running they have completely stopped allowing Diesel to pass through them.
I can’t exactly say why, they are not ‘blocked’ as such, but the paper filter material inside seems to have thickened and become completely impervious to the fuel, possibly as a reaction to modern Diesel?.
If anyone has any other theories, do please let us know!
Southend-On-Sea based Arriva GN07 AVD having to edge out over the major Bell Junction as the traffic lights on the Hobleythick Lane approach appear to have stopped working. Major roadworks for a junction remodeling in progress here.
Borough of Southend-On-Sea, Essex.
Wright Eclipse Urban.
Our hotel was basically the epitome of what I think Faulty Towers to be. Hasn't been updated in years (including a built-in hair dryer from the 70s). And in true Faulty Towers ways, nothing really worked properly and service was slooooow.
The Ambassador Hotel, Llandudno, Wales
Urbex Session : Abandoned Courthouse
Pour une image de meilleure qualité : www.flickr.com/photos/bestarns/
An unexpected visit to Leeds, due to faulty lens that wasn't faulty after all. Tried to look for the unusual view today.
The room to my left has a fab shower - usually. This time, it went from hot to freezing to boiling every few seconds. Ouch.
I've decided not to bother any more about our faulty comment box but see if it resolves itself as I gather sometimes happens. When posting new photos I will wait a few minutes to see if I get more that usual views and favours without comments. If I do I will know the box still isn't working. Then I will do the necessary to each individual photo to open the box. It is set alreaty for all to comment but they can't. By clicking the privacy icon without changing anything it works! Magic.
Thank you to those who have made me their contact. Due to poor health, eye problems and low energy I regret I can't take on any new contacts but nearly always manage to reply to your comments. Please no more than 1 invite.
On a delivery to Loch Meig,I set the satnav on a new MAN truck for this destination,I was about 7 miles from destination & I ended up on the other side of this bridge. A LWB transit would get across here, possibly even a 5 tonner. Not this 26 tonner 😡 Then it tried to send me over a 7.5T MGW bridge. Some drivers would have attempted it. #satnavworsethanuseless