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The Sea Rabbit (Monafluffchus americanus) of Coney Island, Brooklyn, New York – This unique sea-dwelling rabbit, which is actually a close relative of the sea lion, was officially discovered and investigated by Henry Hudson when he first visited this land to colonize the area by order of the Dutch government. It was named New Amsterdam -- today’s New York City. This island was named after he saw the beach covered with strange swimming wild rabbits. The word “Coney Island” means “wild rabbit island” in Dutch (originally Conyne Eylandt, or Konijneneiland in modern Dutch spelling). Sea rabbits were also referred mermaid rabbit, merrabbit, rabbit fish or seal rabbit in the natural history documents in the 17th century. The current conservation status, or risk of extinction, of the sea rabbit is Extinct in the Wild.
This website features two species of sea rabbits, which have been taken care of by Dr. Takeshi Yamada (山田武司) at the Coney Island Sea Rabbit Repopulation Center, which is a part of the Marine biology department of the Coney Island University in Brooklyn, New York. They are – Coney Island Sea Rabbit (Monafluffchus americanus) called “Seara” and Coney Island Tiger-striped Sea Rabbit (Monafluffchus konjinicus) called “Stripes”.
The photographs and videos featured in this website chronicle adventures of the Coney Island sea rabbits and the world as seen by them. This article also documented efforts of Dr. Takeshi Yamada for bringing back the nearly extinct sea rabbits to Coney Island in the City of New York and beyond. Dr. Yamada produced a series of public lectures, workshops, original public live interactive fine art performances and fine art exhibitions about sea rabbits at a variety of occasions and institutions in the City of New York and beyond. Dr. Yamada is an internationally active educator, book author, wildlife conservationist and high profile artist, who lives and works in Brooklyn, New York.
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Sea Rabbit
Other Common Names: Coney Island Sea Rabbit, Beach Rabbit, Seal Rabbit, mer-rabbit, merrabbit, Atlantic Sea Rabbit.
Latin Name: Monafluffchus americanus
Origin: Atlantic coast of the United States
Description of the specimen: In the early 17th century’s European fur craze drove the fleet of Dutch ships to the eastern costal area of America. Then Holland was the center of the world just like the Italy was in the previous century. New York City was once called New Amsterdam when Dutch merchants landed and established colonies. Among them, Henry Hudson is probably the most recognized individual in the history of New York City today. “This small island is inhabited by two major creatures which we do not have in our homeland. The one creature is a large arthropod made of three body segments: the frontal segment resembles a horseshoe, the middle segment resembles a spiny crab and its tail resembles a sharp sword. Although they gather beaches here in great numbers, they are not edible due to their extremely offensive odor. Another creature which is abundant here, has the head of wild rabbit. This animal of great swimming ability has frontal legs resemble the webbed feet of a duck. The bottom half of the body resembles that of a seal. This docile rabbit of the sea is easy to catch as it does not fear people. The larger male sea rabbits control harems of 20 to 25 females. The meat of the sea rabbit is very tender and tasty.” This is what Hadson wrote in his personal journal in 1609 about the horseshoe crab and the sea rabbit in today’s Coney Island area of Brooklyn, New York. Sadly, just like the Dodo bird and the Thylacine, the sea rabbit was driven to extinction by the European settlers’ greed. When Dutch merchants and traders arrived here, sea rabbits were one of the first animals they hunted down to bring their furs to homeland to satisfy the fur craze of the time. To increase the shipment volume of furs of sea rabbit and beavers from New Amsterdam, Dutch merchants also started using wampum (beads made of special clam shells) as the first official currency of this country.
At the North Eastern shores of the United States, two species of sea rabbits were commonly found. They are Coney Island Sea Rabbit (Monafluffchus americanus) and Coney Island Tiger-striped Sea Rabbit (Monafluffchus konjinicus). Sadly, due to their over harvesting in the previous centuries, their conservation status became “Extinct in the Wild” (ET) in the Red List Endangered species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Currently, these sea rabbits are only found at breeding centers at selected zoos and universities such as Coney Island Aquarium and Coney Island University in Brooklyn, New York. The one shown in this photograph was named "Seara" and has been cared by Dr. Takeshi Yamada at Coney Island University.
The sea rabbit is one of the families of the Pinniped order. Pinnipeds (from Latin penna = flat and pes/pedis = foot) are sea-mammals: they are homeothermic (i.e having high and regulated inner temperature), lung-breathing (i.e dependant on atmospheric oxygen) animals having come back to semi aquatic life. As soon as they arrive ashore, females are caught by the nearest adult male. Males can maintain harems of about 20 females on average. Several hours to several days after arriving ashore, pregnant females give birth to eight to ten pups with a dark brown fur. As soon as birth occurs, the mother’s special smell and calls help her pups bond specifically to her. The mother stays ashore with her pup for about one week during which the pup gains weight. During the first week spent with her newborn, the mother becomes receptive. She will be impregnated by the bull, which control the harem. Implantation of the embryo will occur 3 months later, in March-April. During the reproductive period, the best males copulate with several tens females. To do so, males have to stay ashore without feeding in order to keep their territory and their harem. In mid-January, when the last females have been fecundated, males leave at sea to feed. Some of them will come back later in March-April for the moult. The other ones will stay at sea and will come back on Coney Island only in next November. After fecundation, the mother goes at sea for her first meal. At sea, mothers feed on clams, crabs, shrimps, fish (herring, anchovy, Pollock, capelin etc.) and squids. When she is back, the mother recovers her pups at the beach she left them. Suckling occurs after auditive and olfactory recognition had occured. In March-April, the dark brown fur is totally replaced by an adult-like light brownish grey fur during the moult that lasts 1-2 months. This new fur is composed by 2 layers. Externally, the guard fur is composed by flat hairs that recover themselves when wet. By doing so, they make a water-proof barrier for the under fur. The underfur retains air when the seal is dry. Because of isolating properties of the air, the underfur is the insulating system of the fur. In March-April, the fur of adults is partially replaced. First reproduction occurs at 1-yr old in females. Males are physiologically matures at 1 year old but socially matures at +2 years old.
NOTE: The name of Coney Island is commonly thought to be derived from the Dutch Konijn Eylandt or Rabbit Island as apparently the 17th century European settlers noted many rabbits running amuck on the island.
www.takeshiyamada.weebly.com/performances.html
www.takeshiyamada.weebly.com/sea-rabbit-center.html
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www.flickr.com/photos/searabbits23/
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www.flickr.com/photos/yamadaimmortalized2/
www.flickr.com/photos/takeshiyamadaimmortalized/
www.flickr.com/photos/yamadabellhouse2014/
www.flickr.com/photos/museumofworldwonders3/
www.flickr.com/photos/museumofworldwonders2
www.flickr.com/photos/museumofworldwonders/
www.flickr.com/photos/takeshiyamadapaintings/
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For any questions, please email contact Takeshi Yamada, Art & Rogue Taxidermy, Museum of World Wonders, official website. www.takeshiyamada.weebly.com/
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For any questions, please contact Dr. Takeshi Yamada. His email address is posted in the chapter page (the last page or the first page).
(Updated April 7B, 2015)
Copyright © John G. Lidstone, all rights reserved.
It is an offence under law if you remove my copyright marking, or post this image anywhere else without my express written permission.
Bermuda has lost a number of its endemic invertebrates including the Bermuda Cicada (Tibicen bermudiana), which became extinct when the cedar forests disappeared. Some species feared extinct have been rediscovered including a Bermuda land snail (Poecilozonties circumfirmatus) and the Bermuda Ant (Odontomachus insularis).
Dunkleosteus terrelli (Newberry, 1873) - fossil fish skull bone (real) from the Devonian of Ohio, USA. (CMC VP7143, Cincinnati Museum of Natural History & Science, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA)
The placoderms are a group of extinct, mostly predatory fish that existed during the Middle Paleozoic (Silurian and Devonian). The most famous placoderm was Dunkleosteus, which was named after David Dunkle, an Ohio paleontologist. It was not a shark - it had a bony skull, a neck joint, and remarkably, the jaws lacked true teeth. Instead, the jawbones were sharp-edged and pointed.
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From museum signage:
The marks on the median dorsal plate of this specimen of Dunkleosteus (see arrow) were made by a formidable predator, most likely another Dunkleosteus with jaws capable of crushing the hard plates that form the head and thoracic shield of these large predatory fish.
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Classification: Animalia, Chordata, Vertebrata, Placodermi, Arthrodira, Dunkleosteidae
Stratigraphy: Cleveland Shale Member, upper Ohio Shale, Famennian Stage, upper Upper Devonian
Locality: Vermillion River, Lorain County, northeastern Ohio, USA
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See info. at:
Extinct monsters : a popular account of some of the larger forms of ancient animal life / by Rev. H. N. Hutchinson ... with illustrations by J. Smit and others.
London : Chapman & Hall, 1896.
These are two 'twin volcanoes', Grábrók,(in the bacground), and Grábrókarfell, both now forever (?) resting. Although not so impressive in size they pumped out a lot of lava which until this day gives its surrounding a very distinctive black look (seen on some other photos in this stream, eg. www.flickr.com/photos/39802802@N08/3886975012/ ).
The moment of extinction is generally considered to be the death of the last individual of the species, although the capacity to breed and recover may have been lost before this point.
An extinct volcano on the western side of the island of San Miguel in the Azores - the remains of the crater can clearly be seen at the top right .
Superdomain: Neomura
Domain: Eukaryota
(unranked): Unikonta
(unranked): Obazoa
(unranked): Opisthokonta
(unranked) Holozoa
(unranked) Filozoa
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa
(unranked): Bilateria
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Superclass: Osteichthyes
Class: Actinopterygii
Unranked: Actinopteri
Subclass: Chondrostei
Order: †Saurichthyiformes
Family: †Saurichthyidae
Genus: †Saurichthys
Species: †S.apicalis
Extinct monsters and creatures of other days : a popular account of some of the larger forms of ancient animal life / by Rev. H. N. Hutchinson. With illustrations by J. Smit, Alice B. Woodward, J. Green, Charles Knight, and others.
London : Chapman & Hall, 1910.
On October 21, 2015, the Cleveland Museum of Natural History (@goCMNH) had their monthly Think & Drink with the Extinct (#ThinkandDrink). The evening's theme was "Paleontology - Fossils and Ferments."
Raise a glass and increase your knowledge of the natural world at one of the brainiest happy hours in Cleveland!
Third Wednesday at the Cleveland Museum of Natural History is #ThinkandDrink. Each month highlights a different field of research or Museum area, and offers exclusive access to professional staff and researchers, paired with unique experiences and interactive demonstrations. Cash beer/wine bar. Complimentary light snacks. Food available for purchase.
lucky enough today to get INTO the wolf exhibit at our zoo. red wolf, only 17 left...they are extinct. they didn't like people in their cage with them, so very skittish. they are going to breed them and put them back into the wild.
Seen here is a syringoporid fossil coral, or "organ-pipe coral". They are an extinct group of entirely colonial tabulate corals having vertically- to subvertically-oriented, parallel-growing, tubular corallites with horizontal connections. Syringoporids first appear in the Ordovician and go extinct in the Permian.
Classification: Animalia, Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Tabulata, Syringoporidae
Locality: modern fluvial clast (probably reworked from Pleistocene glacial till) from a gravel bar along a creek at Chatham, northern Licking County, east-central Ohio, USA (vicinity of 40° 09' 33.40" North latitude, 82° 27' 29.36" West longitude)
I traveled to French Polynesia on assignment for Nikon and AFAR Magazine, looking to capture the essential islander experience. This is what I brought back from my travels.
Special thanks the the Four Seasons Bora Bora for hosting me, and to Top Dive for outfitting my incredible oceanic excursions.
Bora Bora is a 30.55 km2 island group in the Leeward group in the western part of the Society Islands of French Polynesia, an overseas collectivity of France in the Pacific Ocean. The main island, located about 230 kilometers (143 miles) northwest of Papeete, is surrounded by a lagoon and a barrier reef. In the center of the island are the remnants of an extinct volcano rising to two peaks, Mount Pahia and Mount Otemanu, the highest point at 727 metres (2,385 feet).
Bora Bora is a major international tourist destination, famous for its aqua-centric luxury resorts. The major settlement, Vaitape, is on the western side of the main island, opposite the main channel into the lagoon. Produce of the island is mostly limited to what can be obtained from the sea and the plentiful coconut trees, which were historically of economic importance for copra.
Flash Parker Freelance:
BIG5 White Rhino. Jock Safari Lodge. Kruger National Park. South Africa. Dec/2020
Rhino
A rhinoceros, commonly abbreviated to 'rhino', is one of any five extant species of odd-toed ungulates in the family Rhinocerotidae, as well as any of the numerous extinct species. Two of the extant species are native to Africa and three to Southern Asia. The term "rhinoceros" is often more broadly applied to now extinct relatives of the superfamily Rhinocerotoidea.
Members of the rhinoceros family are some of the largest remaining megafauna, with all species able to reach or exceed one tonne in weight. They have a herbivorous diet, small brains (400–600 g) for mammals of their size, one or two horns, and a thick (1.5–5 cm) protective skin formed from layers of collagen positioned in a lattice structure. They generally eat leafy material, although their ability to ferment food in their hindgut allows them to subsist on more fibrous plant matter when necessary. Unlike other perissodactyls, the two African species of rhinoceros lack teeth at the front of their mouths, relying instead on their lips to pluck food.[1]
Rhinoceros are killed by some humans for their horns, which are bought and sold on the black market, and used by some cultures for ornaments or traditional medicine. East Asia, specifically Vietnam, is the largest market for rhino horns. By weight, rhino horns cost as much as gold on the black market. People grind up the horns and consume them, believing the dust has therapeutic properties. The horns are made of keratin, the same type of protein that makes up hair and fingernails. Both African species and the Sumatran rhinoceros have two horns, while the Indian and Javan rhinoceros have a single horn. The IUCN Red List identifies the Black, Javan, and Sumatran rhinoceros as critically endangered
The black rhinoceros or hook-lipped rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) is a species of rhinoceros, native to eastern and southern Africa including Botswana, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. Although the rhinoceros is referred to as black, its colors vary from brown to grey.
The other African rhinoceros is the white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum). The word "white" in the name "white rhinoceros" is often said to be a misinterpretation of the Afrikaans word wyd (Dutch wijd) meaning wide, referring to its square upper lip, as opposed to the pointed or hooked lip of the black rhinoceros. These species are now sometimes referred to as the square-lipped (for white) or hook-lipped (for black) rhinoceros.
The species overall is classified as critically endangered (even though the South-western black rhinoceros is classified as vulnerable). Three subspecies have been declared extinct, including the western black rhinoceros, which was declared extinct by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) in 2011
Source: Wikipedia
Rinoceronte
Os rinocerontes são cocomamíferos perissodáctilos (ungulados de dedos ímpares) da família Rhinocerontidae, que ocorrem na África e na Ásia. Atualmente, existem cinco espécies distribuídas em quatro gêneros. Duas ocorrem na África, o rinoceronte-branco (Ceratotherium simum) e o rinoceronte-negro (Diceros bicornis); e três ocorrem na Ásia, o rinoceronte-de-sumatra (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis), o rinoceronte-de-java (Rhinoceros sondaicus) e o rinoceronte-indiano (Rhinoceros unicornis).
Vivem geralmente isolados, em savanas ou florestas onde possam encontrar água diariamente. São especialmente protegidos na África, por fazerem parte do grupo dos cinco grandes mamíferos selvagens de grande porte mais difíceis de serem caçados pelo homem, sendo então uma das grandes atrações turísticas do continente. Contudo, a caça furtiva continua afetando as populações de rinocerontes.
O rinoceronte-negro (nome científico: Diceros bicornis) é uma espécie de rinoceronte, nativa do leste, sul e centro da África, incluindo o Quênia, Tanzânia, Camarões, África do Sul, Namíbia, Zimbábue e Angola. Embora referido como "negro", sua cor varia do marrom ao cinza.
O outro rinoceronte africano é o rinoceronte-branco (Ceratotherium simum). A palavra "branco" no nome é frequentemente dita como um erro na tradução da palavra africâner wyd, que significa largo, referindo-se ao lábio superior em forma de quadrado, em oposição ao lábio pontudo do rinoceronte-negro.[3]
A espécie é classifica como criticamente em perigo, mas três subespécies já foram declaradas extintas, como declarado pela IUCN em 2011
Fonte: Wikipedia
Jock Safari Lodge
Located within 6, 000 ha of pristine bushveld, Jock Safari Lodge is an exclusive private concession, perfectly positioned in the southern part of the Kruger National Park, South Africa’s largest national park. The wildlife within this region have survived undisturbed without negative impact from mankind, encouraged to thrive. Jock Safari Lodge emerges where the Mitomeni and Biyamiti rivers flow as one – this natural unbroken landscape offers guests one of the best Big Five game viewing experiences in South Africa with its exclusive riverbed traversing rights. Steeped in history, Jock Safari Lodge was the first private concession granted within the Kruger National Park and is named after local legend, Jock of the Bushveld, the canine hero of Sir Percy FitzPatrick’s famous story of courage and loyalty that is set during South Africa’s first gold rush era. Relive one of South Africa’s cultural heritages through this wonderful story and view the original mementoes on display at the Main Lodge.
Source: jocksafarilodge.com/
Jock Safari Lodge
Localizado em 6.000 ha de savana intocada, o Jock Safari Lodge é uma concessão privada exclusiva, perfeitamente posicionada ao sul do Parque Nacional Kruger, o maior parque nacional da África do Sul. A vida selvagem nesta região sobreviveu sem ser perturbada, sem impacto negativo da humanidade, encorajada a prosperar. O Jock Safari Lodge surge onde os rios Mitomeni e Biyamiti fluem como um só - esta paisagem natural contínua oferece aos hóspedes uma das melhores experiências de observação do Big Five na África do Sul com seus direitos exclusivos de travessia do leito do rio. Repleto de história, Jock Safari Lodge foi a primeira concessão privada concedida dentro do Parque Nacional Kruger e leva o nome de uma lenda local, Jock of the Bushveld, o herói canino da famosa história de coragem e lealdade de Sir Percy FitzPatrick que se passa durante o primeiro era da corrida do ouro. Reviva uma das heranças culturais da África do Sul por meio desta história maravilhosa e veja as lembranças originais em exibição no Main Lodge.
Fonte: jocksafarilodge.com/ (tradução livre)
Giraffe. Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park/ Kalahari Desert. South Africa. Nov/2019
Fonte: Wikipedia (Tradução Livre)
Giraffe
The giraffe (Giraffa) is a genus of African even-toed ungulate mammals, the tallest living terrestrial animals and the largest ruminants. The genus currently consists of one species, Giraffa camelopardalis, the type species. Seven other species are extinct, prehistoric species known from fossils. Taxonomic classifications of one to eight extant giraffe species have been described, based upon research into the mitochondrial and nuclear DNA, as well as morphological measurements of Giraffa, but the IUCN currently recognises only one species with nine subspecies.
The giraffe's chief distinguishing characteristics are its extremely long neck and legs, its horn-like ossicones, and its distinctive coat patterns. It is classified under the family Giraffidae, along with its closest extant relative, the okapi. Its scattered range extends from Chad in the north to South Africa in the south, and from Niger in the west to Somalia in the east. Giraffes usually inhabit savannahs and woodlands. Their food source is leaves, fruits and flowers of woody plants, primarily acacia species, which they browse at heights most other herbivores cannot reach. They may be preyed on by lions, leopards, spotted hyenas and African wild dogs.
Source: Wikipedia
Girafa
A girafa é um gênero de mamíferos ungulados africanos, sendo os animais terrestres mais altos e os maiores ruminantes. O gênero atualmente consiste de uma espécie, Giraffa camelopardalis, a espécie-tipo. Sete outras espécies são espécies pré-históricas conhecidas de fósseis. Classificações taxonômicas de uma a oito espécies existentes de girafas foram descritas, baseadas em pesquisas com DNA nuclear e mitocondrial, bem como em medidas morfológicas de Giraffa, mas atualmente a IUCN reconhece apenas uma espécie com nove subespécies.
As principais características distintivas da girafa são seu pescoço e pernas extremamente longos, seus ossólones semelhantes a chifres e seus distintos padrões de pelagem. É classificada sob a família Giraffidae, junto com seu parente mais próximo, o okapi. Seu alcance disperso estende-se do Chade, no norte, até a África do Sul, no sul, e do Níger, no oeste, até a Somália, no leste. Girafas geralmente habitam savanas e bosques. Sua fonte de alimento são folhas, frutos e flores de plantas lenhosas, principalmente espécies de acácia. Eles podem ser predados por leões, leopardos, hienas dentre outros.
Fonte: Wikipedia
Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park
Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park is a large wildlife preserve and conservation area in southern Africa. The park straddles the border between South Africa and Botswana and comprises two adjoining national parks:
•Kalahari Gemsbok National Park in South Africa
•Gemsbok National Park in Botswana
The total area of the park is 38,000 square kilometres (15,000 sq mi). Approximately three-quarters of the park lies in Botswana and one-quarter in South Africa. Kgalagadi means "place of thirst." [1] In September 2014, more than half of the Botswana portion of the park was sold for gas-fracking
The park is located largely within the southern Kalahari Desert. The terrain consists of red sand dunes, sparse vegetation, occasional trees, and the dry riverbeds of the Nossob and Auob Rivers. The rivers are said to flow only about once per century. However, water flows underground and provides life for grass and camelthorn trees growing in the river beds. The rivers may flow briefly after large thunderstorms
Source: Wikpedia
Kalahari Desert
The Kalahari Desert is a large semi-arid sandy savanna in Southern Africa extending for 900,000 square kilometres (350,000 sq mi), covering much of Botswana, parts of Namibia and regions of South Africa.
It is not to be confused with the Angolan, Namibian and South African Namib coastal desert, whose name is of Khoekhoegowab origin and means "vast place"
Kalahari is derived from the Tswana word Kgala, meaning "the great thirst", or Kgalagadi, meaning "a waterless place"; the Kalahari has vast areas covered by red sand without any permanent surface water
Source: Wikpedia
Parque Transfronteiriço do Kgalagadi
O Parque Transfronteiriço de Kgalagadi é uma grande área de preservação e conservação da vida selvagem no sul da África. O parque fica na fronteira entre a África do Sul e o Botsuana e compreende dois parques nacionais adjacentes:
• Parque Nacional Kalahari Gemsbok na África do Sul
• Parque Nacional Gemsbok no Botsuana
A área total do parque é de 38.000 quilômetros quadrados (15.000 milhas quadradas). Aproximadamente três quartos do parque ficam no Botsuana e um quarto na África do Sul. Kgalagadi significa "lugar de sede". Em setembro de 2014, mais da metade da parte do parque em Botsuana foi vendida por fracking a gás
O parque está localizado em grande parte no sul do deserto de Kalahari. O terreno consiste em dunas de areia vermelha, vegetação escassa, árvores ocasionais e leitos secos dos rios Nossob e Auob. Diz-se que os rios fluem apenas uma vez por século. No entanto, a água flui no subsolo e fornece vida para as árvores que crescem nos leitos dos rios. Os rios podem fluir brevemente após grandes tempestades
Fonte: Wikipedia (tradução livre)
Deserto do Kalahari
O Kalahari, Calaari ou Calaári é um deserto localizado na África Austral, com cerca de 900.000 km² abrangendo partes de Angola, do Botswana, Namíbia e África do Sul.
O nome é derivado de uma palavra em tsuana[2] e significa "a grande sede"
Derivada da palavra Kgalagadi, significa o lugar da a grande sede (kgala - sede; gadi - lugar). A formação do deserto é devida, principalmente, a corrente marítima fria de Benguela, que atua na costa sudoeste da África, condensando o vapor de água que vai em direção ao continente, fazendo com que as massas de ar cheguem mais secas ao mesmo. O Kalahari possui vasta área coberta por areia avermelhada sem afloramento de água em caráter permanente. Porém Kalahari não é um deserto verdadeiro. Partes dele recebem mais de 250 mm de chuva mal distribuída anualmente e possuem bastante vegetação. É realmente árido somente no sudoeste (menos de 175 mm de chuva ao ano), fazendo do Kalahari um deserto de fósseis. As temperaturas no verão do Kalahari vão de 20 a 40°C. No inverno, o Kalahari tem um clima seco e frio com geada à noite. As baixas temperaturas do inverno podem ficar abaixo de 0°C. O clima no verão em algumas regiões do Kalahari pode alcançar 50°C (por isso algumas tribos bosquimanas se recolhem nos momentos mais quentes do dia).
Fonte: Wikipedia
Extinct and Endangered Species
These two 'wide front' (as opposed to the narrow 'tricycle front' type) tractors are part of a vanishing legacy. Due to mergers, bankruptcies and "Getting back to our core businesses," neither of these companies makes tractors for the small farm consumer. Oliver vanished in the 1970s and Allis Chalmers now supports oilfield operations.
James Oliver began casting chilled iron plows in the 1860s, shortly after the American Civil War. Early in the 20th Century, Oliver began to make plows for Henry Ford's tractors, but as Ford concentrated more on automobile production, Oliver's son John ('J.D.') merged his company with four other agricultural tool manufacturers, notably the Hart-Parr Tractor Works. In 1962, the White Motor Corporation (a separate company that evolved out of R.H. White's invention of a steam 'car') purchased the Oliver Farm Equipment Company. In 1976, Oliver Tractors ceased existence as a separate entity and even White no longer markets farm tractors.
The Allis-Chalmers Manufacturing Co. of West Allis, WI built their Model B from 1938 to 1957. Designed by Clifford Brooks Stevens, who also designed one of the Studebaker Hawk models, later Harley-Davidson motorcycles and Oscar Mayer's Wienermobile.
Sunrise over Isla de Los Lobos and a cloud formation reminds you of a more active period in the islands history
Giant ground sloth fossil. Natural History Museum, South Kensington, London. It is believed to have persisted into recent times in island habitats.
P1000355
Built in 1881 in the style of a 13th century Flemish Cloth Hall, and designed by Alfred Waterhouse, the Natural History Museum has become a fine example of Victorian architecture in London. The Waterhouse Building is one of the most beautiful structures in the city, with its Cathedral-like aura and its embellishment of towers and spires,
The museum is home to life and earth science specimens comprising some 70 million items within five main collections: Botany, Entomology, Mineralogy, Palaeontology and Zoology. The museum is a world-renowned centre of research, specialising in taxonomy, identification and conservation. Given the age of the institution, many of the collections have great historical as well as scientific value, such as specimens collected by Darwin.
The museum is particularly famous for its exhibition of dinosaur skeletons, and ornate architecture - sometimes dubbed a cathedral of nature - both exemplified by the large Diplodocus cast which dominates the vaulted central hall.
The foundation of the collection was that of the Ulster doctor Sir Hans Sloane (1660–1753), which allowed his significant collections to be purchased by the British Government at a price well below their market value at the time. This purchase was funded by a lottery. Sloane's collection, which included dried plants, and animal and human skeletons, was initially housed in Montague House in Bloomsbury in 1756, which was the home of the British Museum.
Waterhouse building
Land in South Kensington was purchased, and in 1864 a competition was held to design the new museum. The winning entry was submitted by Captain Francis Fowke who died shortly afterwards. The scheme was taken over by Alfred Waterhouse who substantially revised the agreed plans, and designed the façades in his own idiosyncratic Romanesque style. The original plans included wings on either side of the main building, but these plans were soon abandoned for budgetary reasons. The space these would have occupied are now taken by the Earth Galleries and Darwin Centre.
Work began in 1873 and was completed in 1880. The new museum opened in 1881, although the move from the old museum was not fully completed until 1883.
Both the interiors and exteriors of the Waterhouse building make extensive use of terracotta tiles to resist the sooty climate of Victorian London. The tiles and bricks feature many relief sculptures of flora and fauna, with living and extinct species featured within the west and east wings respectively. This explicit separation was at the request of Owen, and has been seen as a statement of his contemporary rebuttal of Darwin's attempt to link present species with past through the theory of natural selection[1].
The central axis of the museum is aligned with the tower of Imperial College London (formerly the Imperial Institute) and the Royal Albert Hall and Albert Memorial further north. These all form part of the complex known colloquially as Albertopolis.
Superdomain: Neomura
Domain: Eukaryota
Clade: Amorphea
(unranked): Obazoa
(unranked): Opisthokonta
(unranked) Holozoa
(unranked) Filozoa
Clade: Choanozoa
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa
Clade: ParaHoxozoa
Clade: Bilateria
Clade: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Clade: Olfactores
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Clade: Eugnathostomata
Clade: Teleostomi
Superclass: Tetrapoda
Clade: Reptiliomorpha
Clade: Amniota
Class: Mammalia
Clade: Theriimorpha
Clade: Theriiformes
Clade: Trechnotheria
Clade: Cladotheria
Clade: Zatheria
Clade: Tribosphenida
Clade: Eutheria
Infraclass: Placentalia
Clade: Exafroplacentalia
Magnorder: Boreoeutheria
Superorder: Laurasiatheria
(unranked): Scrotifera
Grandorder: Ferungulata
Clade: Ungulata
Order: Artiodactyla
Clade: Artiofabula
Clade: Cetruminantia
Clade: Cetancodontamorpha
Suborder: Whippomorpha
Clade: Cetaceamorpha
Infraorder: Cetacea
Parvorder: Mysticeti
Superfamily: Physeteroidea
Family: Kogiidae
Genus: †Praekogia
Species: †P. cedrosensis
Extinct monsters and creatures of other days : a popular account of some of the larger forms of ancient animal life / by Rev. H. N. Hutchinson. With illustrations by J. Smit, Alice B. Woodward, J. Green, Charles Knight, and others.
London : Chapman & Hall, 1910.
An early ancestor/relative of the elephant. Model at Natural History Museum, South Kensington, London.
Project Title: Extinct Attractions Club World of Motion
Created: 6/22/2006
Media: DVD
Description:
The DVD from the Extinct Attraction Club. Please see the following website for more information…
www.extinct-attractions-club.com/
Design:
The overall layout of the DVD cover is based on the originals but with a significant artist step forward. The original was simply a white pavilion logo with the attraction’s signature color as a background.
Legal/Technical Notes:
All projects completed by JLH are created and archived in high quality 300 – 600 dpi.
JLH Omnimedia is not associated with or endorsed by the Walt Disney Company.
Original artwork, graphics, and logos are ©Disney and/or JLH Omnimedia.
Unauthorized duplication and distribution are subject to prosecution and (in many cases termination from the Walt Disney Company.)
Street art in Melbourne, Australia featuring a surprised Donald Duck with a nuclear explosion behind him and the caption "Man is Almost Extinct". It looks like the artists are Ski23, Rust86, and Kewl.
Once common throughout the country, by the 20th century the species had become extinct from the majority of Ireland, surviving only in a few isolated and fragmented populations mainly in the west. The main reasons for the species’ decline were related to hunting for its fur; loss of habitat through the destruction of forests; direct and indirect poisoning and persecution as a potential predator of livestock/game populations. Taxonomically, the species belongs to the Mustelid group of animals and it is related to wildlife such as the stoat, otter and badger. Adult pine marten are about the size of a domestic cat, hence the Irish name ‘Cat crainn‘, and have a long tail that can be half the length of their body. They have a rich fur coat, typically dark brown in colour and a distinguishing creamy-yellow throat patch. Pine marten are habitat specialists, requiring forest or scrub habitat to exist in an area. They are adept at climbing trees as they have powerful non-retractable claws. The species is primarily active at night and individuals live in territories that can vary in size from 60 hectares to 430 hectares. Males typically have bigger territories than females and there can be partial overlap between adjacent territories. Life expectancy can be up to ten years, although the majority of individuals are unlikely to survive past five years in the wild.
Distribution
Pine marten occur throughout mainland Europe, stretching from the Ural mountains in the east to Ireland at the western edge of the species global distribution. They can also be found in parts of the Middle East. In Europe, pine marten exist with a similar species called the beech or stone marten, although that species tends to be more associated with areas of human habitation. Also, in the eastern parts of pine marten distribution (mainly Russia) there is some overlap with a related marten species known as the sable.
In Ireland, pine marten were once widely distributed throughout every county. Current pine marten distribution is largely concentrated in western counties and the midlands of Ireland. The species now occurs in approximately 50% of its historical range. Pine marten remain extinct throughout the majority of Munster and are very rare in Ulster.
Den & Refuge Sites
Pine marten can utilise a variety of den sites, which are used for breeding. Den sites can include rock crevices, tree cavities, subterranean burrows, buildings (abandoned or occupied), old bird nests, squirrel dreys and log piles. These sites provide cover from weather extremes and safety from potential predators. Den sites are normally only occupied during the breeding season. Outside of this period, pine marten use what are termed refuge sites. Refuge sites can be very varied although normally they are located several metres off the ground in forest canopy. Upturned or blown over tress are often used as refuge sites but the species can exploit any habitat feature that provides cover and safety. Pine marten will tend to have refuge and den sites that are used repeatedly in a forest and they can have a high fidelity to these sites.
Reproduction
Pine marten are solitary and adults avoid contact with each other throughout most of the year. The species only breeds once with mating typically occurring in early summer between adults that are at least two years old. Pine marten have what is termed ‘delayed implantation’, which means that fertilised eggs are not implanted in the uterus until the following January. This is a strategy to ensure that young (known as kits) are born during the most favourable time of year, which for pine marten is during March and April. Typically, two to three kits will be born in spring, each weighing less than 30g. The kits will stay in the den for about six weeks and are totally dependent on the female. Kits will then start exploring the area around the den and will stay with the female for at least six months, up to a maximum of 12–16 months. After this period, juveniles will disperse and attempt to establish their own territory. Only a small number of juveniles will survive to become adults and breed. Pine marten are considered to be slow breeders both in the terms of the number of young that are produced and the age at which reproductive maturity is reached.
Foraging/Hunting/Diet
In terms of diet, pine marten are omnivorous taking both plant and animal material. In Ireland, pine marten exploit a variety of resources including berries, fruits, small mammals, invertebrates, birds and amphibians. In some areas where pine marten occur close to towns and villages the species will exploit rubbish bins for food. In other countries, pine martens rely heavily on microtine rodents such as voles and also in colder countries on carrion, especially in winter. When foraging, pine marten will usually stay within their own territory, which will have a variety of food resources available within it.