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Is a duet of short extent and concise form.
Mozart wrote the most beautiful! www.youtube.com/watch?v=OtTCwH2mQTA
Gerbera is a genus of ornamental plants from the sunflower family. It was named in honour of the German naturalist Traugott Gerber. View On Black
It has approximately 30 species in the wild, extending to South America, Africa and tropical Asia.
Colours include white, yellow, orange, red, and pink. The center of the flower is sometimes black.
It is the fifth most used cut flower in the world (after rose, carnation, chrysanthemum, and tulip).
Giving my flowers SOUL?
I love 'creating' and playing with light in the studio, comp in camera, gives me a real 'PHOTOGRAPHY' buzz, lol, M, (*_*)
For more: www.indigo2photography.co.uk
IT IS STRICTLY FORBIDDEN (BY LAW!!!) TO USE ANY OF MY image or TEXT on websites, blogs or any other media without my explicit permission. © All rights reserved
Gerbera, red, petals, flowers, studio, black-background, colour, design, square, NikonD7000, "Magda indigo"
SN/NC: Echinacea Purpurea, Asteraceae Family
Echinacea purpurea, the eastern purple coneflower, purple coneflower, hedgehog coneflower, or echinacea, is a North American species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is native to parts of eastern North America and present to some extent in the wild in much of the eastern, southeastern and midwestern United States as well as in the Canadian Province of Ontario. It is most common in the Ozarks and in the Mississippi/Ohio Valley. Its habitats include dry open woods, prairies and barrens.
Echinacea is derived from Greek, meaning 'spiny one', in reference to the spiny sea urchins 'εχίνοι' which the ripe flower heads of species of this genus resemble. The epithet purpurea means 'reddish-purple'. Originally named Rudbeckia purpurea by Linnaeus in 1753 in Species plantarum 6, it was reclassified in 1794 by Conrad Moench, in a new genus named Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench. In 1818, Thomas Nuttall describes a new variety that he named Rudbeckia purpurea var. serotina. Just two decades later, De Candolle raised him to the rank of species of the other genus Echinacea serotina (Nutt.) DC. (1836). In 2002, Binns et al. discovered a misapplication of the name Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench for the taxon correctly named Echinacea serotina (Nutt.) DC. in 1836. The authors proposed to retain the names not to cause confusion among gardeners and herbalists. Other names include: Broad-leaved purple coneflower, Eastern Purple Coneflower, Hedgehog Coneflower, Echinacea.
A equinácea é uma planta medicinal, também conhecida como flor-de-cone, púrpura ou rudbéquia, rica em alcamidas, flavonóides e polissacarídeos, com propriedades anti-inflamatórias, antialérgicas e imunomoduladoras, sendo, por isso, muito utilizada como remédio caseiro no tratamento de gripes e resfriados, aliviando a coriza e a tosse.
Ela é uma espécie norte-americana de planta com flores na família Asteraceae, a mesma do girassol e das margaridas e dálias. É nativa do leste da América do Norte e presente em grande parte do leste, sudeste e centro-oeste dos Estados Unidos, bem como na província canadense de Ontário e British Columbia, para mencionar algumas. É mais comum nos Ozarks e no Vale dos Rios Mississippi e Ohio. Seus habitats incluem bosques abertos secos, pradarias e áridos. Echinacea é derivado do grego, que significa 'espinhoso', em referência aos ouriços-do-mar espinhosos 'εχίνοι', aos quais as cabeças de flores maduras de espécies deste gênero se assemelham. O epíteto purpurea significa 'roxo-avermelhado'. É uma linda flor.
L'Echinacea purpurea, l'echinacea viola orientale, l'echinacea viola, l'echinacea riccio o l'echinacea, è una specie di pianta da fiore nordamericana della famiglia delle Asteraceae. È originario di parti del Nord America orientale e in una certa misura è presente allo stato selvatico in gran parte degli Stati Uniti orientali, sudorientali e centro-occidentali, nonché nella provincia canadese dell'Ontario. È più comune negli Ozarks e nella valle del Mississippi/Ohio. I suoi habitat includono boschi aperti asciutti, praterie e aridi.
Echinacea deriva dal greco, che significa 'spinoso', in riferimento ai ricci di mare spinosi 'εχίνοι' a cui assomigliano i capolini maturi di specie di questo genere. L'epiteto purpurea significa 'porpora rossastro'
Echinacea purpurea, de oostelijke paarse zonnehoed, paarse zonnehoed, egel zonnehoed of echinacea, is een Noord-Amerikaanse soort bloeiende plant in de familie Asteraceae. Het is inheems in delen van Oost-Noord-Amerika en komt tot op zekere hoogte in het wild voor in een groot deel van het oosten, zuidoosten en middenwesten van de Verenigde Staten, evenals in de Canadese provincie Ontario. Het komt het meest voor in de Ozarks en in de Mississippi/Ohio-vallei. De habitats omvatten droge open bossen, weilanden en kale vlaktes.
Echinacea is afgeleid van het Grieks en betekent 'stekelige', verwijzend naar de stekelige zee-egels 'εχίνοι' waarop de rijpe bloemhoofdjes van soorten van dit geslacht lijken. Het epitheton purpurea betekent 'rood-paars'.
Echinacea purpurea , la equinácea púrpura oriental , la equinácea púrpura , la equinácea erizo o la equinácea , es una especie norteamericana de planta con flores de la familia Asteraceae . Es nativo de partes del este de América del Norte y está presente hasta cierto punto en la naturaleza en gran parte del este, sureste y medio oeste de los Estados Unidos, así como en la provincia canadiense de Ontario. Es más común en los Ozarks y en el valle de Mississippi/Ohio. Sus hábitats incluyen bosques abiertos secos, praderas y páramos.
Echinacea se deriva del griego, que significa 'espinoso', en referencia a los erizos de mar espinosos 'εχίνοι' a los que se asemejan las cabezas de flores maduras de las especies de este género. El epíteto purpurea significa 'púrpura rojizo'.
Echinacea purpurea, l'échinacée pourpre orientale, l'échinacée pourpre, l'échinacée hérisson ou l'échinacée, est une espèce nord-américaine de plante à fleurs de la famille des astéracées. Il est originaire de certaines parties de l'est de l'Amérique du Nord et est présent dans une certaine mesure à l'état sauvage dans une grande partie de l'est, du sud-est et du Midwest des États-Unis ainsi que dans la province canadienne de l'Ontario. Il est le plus courant dans les Ozarks et dans la vallée du Mississippi/Ohio. Ses habitats comprennent des bois ouverts secs, des prairies et des landes.
L'échinacée vient du grec et signifie « épineux », en référence aux oursins épineux « εχίνοι » auxquels ressemblent les inflorescences mûres des espèces de ce genre. L'épithète purpurea signifie « violet rougeâtre ».
Echinacea purpurea, der östliche Purpur-Sonnenhut, Purpur-Sonnenhut, Igel-Sonnenhut oder Echinacea, ist eine nordamerikanische Pflanzenart aus der Familie der Asteraceae. Sie ist in Teilen des östlichen Nordamerika beheimatet und bis zu einem gewissen Grad in freier Wildbahn in weiten Teilen des Ostens, Südostens und mittleren Westens der Vereinigten Staaten sowie in der kanadischen Provinz Ontario vorhanden. Es ist am häufigsten in den Ozarks und im Mississippi/Ohio Valley. Seine Lebensräume umfassen trockene offene Wälder, Prärien und Ödland.
Echinacea leitet sich aus dem Griechischen ab und bedeutet „stacheliger", in Anlehnung an die stacheligen Seeigel „εχίνοι", denen die reifen Blütenköpfe von Arten dieser Gattung ähneln. Der Beiname purpurea bedeutet „rötlich-lila".
إشنسا بوربوريا ، الصنوبريات الأرجوانية الشرقية ، الصنوبريات الأرجواني ، قنفذ القنفذ ، أو إشنسا ، هو نوع من النباتات المزهرة في أمريكا الشمالية في عائلة Asteraceae. هي موطنها الأصلي في أجزاء من شرق أمريكا الشمالية وتوجد إلى حد ما في البرية في الكثير من شرق وجنوب شرق وغرب الولايات المتحدة وكذلك في مقاطعة أونتاريو الكندية. هو الأكثر شيوعًا في أوزاركس وفي وادي المسيسيبي / أوهايو. تشمل موائلها الغابات المفتوحة الجافة والمروج والجبل.
إشنسا مشتق من اللغة اليونانية ، وتعني "الشوكة الواحدة" ، في إشارة إلى قنافذ البحر الشوكية "εχίνοι" التي تشبهها رؤوس الأزهار الناضجة لأنواع هذا الجنس. الصفة بوربوريا تعني "أرجواني محمر".
Echinacea purpurea、イースタン パープル コーンフラワー、パープル コーンフラワー、ハリネズミ コーンフラワー、またはエキナセアは、キク科の開花植物の北米種です。北米東部の一部に自生し、米国東部、南東部、中西部の多く、およびカナダのオンタリオ州にある程度野生で存在します。オザークとミシシッピ/オハイオ渓谷で最も一般的です.その生息地には、乾いた開けた森、大草原、不毛地帯が含まれます。
エキナセアは、この属の種の熟した花の頭が似ているとげのあるウニ「εχίνοι」に関連して、「とげのあるもの」を意味するギリシャ語に由来します。別名プルプレアは「赤紫色」を意味します。
For some extent , loco is matching with coaches
Banaras locomotive works , Varanasi assembled 37201 ( RPM ) ROYAPURAM PRANAV JEWELLERS advertised WAP-7 powering MGR CHENNAI CENTRAL - MYSORE JN ~ SHATABDI EXPRESS
LC :- Varuna canal , mysore
The deer like to eat what they can from our bird feeders even to the extent of tipping the hanging feeders until the seed spills out. Only a few birds were around to protest this activity today. Mom's helping herself while her little Bambi romps around.
© Keith Krejci All Rights Reserved. If your interested in purchasing or using my images please contact me. Unauthorized use, violators will be prosecuted to the fullest extent of the law!
“To some extent, the cult surrounding black-and-white photography is based on nostalgia” – René Burri
per wikipedia: "Beacon Rock is a monolith on the north bank of the Columbia River. It was named by Lewis and Clark in 1805; they originally referred to it as Beaten Rock, later as Beacon Rock. They noted that the rock marked the eastern extent of the tidal influence in the Columbia. The rock was later known as Castle Rock, until 1915 when its name was changed back to Beacon Rock.
Beacon Rock is 848 feet (258 m) tall and is composed of basalt. Henry Biddle purchased the rock in 1915 for $1 and during the next three years constructed a trail with 51 switchbacks, handrails and bridges. The three-quarter mile trail to the top, completed in April 1918, leads to views in all directions. It is a popular hiking destination.
It has been variously claimed to be the second largest free standing monolith in the northern hemisphere, or in the world, just behind the Rock of Gibraltar, Stone Mountain, or Mount Augustus, the latter two being very much larger than either of the first two. The assertion depends on how one defines the term "monolith." For example, Devils Tower National Monument in Wyoming is larger than Beacon Rock, but is considered an igneous intrusion rather than necessarily a "single rock."" (Bonneville Dam area DSC_5558.jpg)
SN/NC: Musa acuminata, Syn. Musa Paradisiaca, Musaceae Family
A banana is an elongated, edible fruit – botanically a berry – produced by several kinds of large herbaceous flowering plants in the genus Musa. In some countries, bananas used for cooking may be called "plantains", distinguishing them from dessert bananas. The fruit is variable in size, color, and firmness, but is usually elongated and curved, with soft flesh rich in starch covered with a rind, which may be green, yellow, red, purple, or brown when ripe. The fruits grow in clusters hanging from the top of the plant. Almost all modern edible seedless (parthenocarp) bananas come from two wild species – Musa acuminata and Musa balbisiana. The scientific names of most cultivated bananas are Musa acuminata, Musa balbisiana, and Musa × paradisiaca for the hybrid Musa acuminata × M. balbisiana, depending on their genomic constitution. The old scientific name for this hybrid, Musa sapientum, is no longer used. Musa species are native to tropical Indomalaya and Australia, and are likely to have been first domesticated in Papua New Guinea. They are grown in 135 countries, primarily for their fruit, and to a lesser extent to make fiber, banana wine, and banana beer and as ornamental plants. The world's largest producers of bananas in 2017 were India and China, which together accounted for approximately 38% of total production. Worldwide, there is no sharp distinction between "bananas" and "plantains". Especially in the Americas and Europe, "banana" usually refers to soft, sweet, dessert bananas, particularly those of the Cavendish group, which are the main exports from banana-growing countries. By contrast, Musa cultivars with firmer, starchier fruit are called "plantains". In other regions, such as Southeast Asia, many more kinds of banana are grown and eaten, so the binary distinction is not useful and is not made in local languages.
The term "banana" is also used as the common name for the plants that produce the fruit. This can extend to other members of the genus Musa, such as the scarlet banana (Musa coccinea), the pink banana (Musa velutina), and the Fe'i bananas. It can also refer to members of the genus Ensete, such as the snow banana (Ensete glaucum) and the economically important false banana (Ensete ventricosum). Both genera are in the banana family, Musaceae.
Een banaan is een langwerpige, eetbare vrucht - botanisch een bes - geproduceerd door verschillende soorten grote kruidachtige bloeiende planten in het geslacht Musa. In sommige landen kunnen bananen die voor het koken worden gebruikt "plantains" worden genoemd, waarmee ze zich onderscheiden van dessertbananen. De vrucht is variabel in grootte, kleur en stevigheid, maar is meestal langwerpig en gebogen, met zacht vruchtvlees dat rijk is aan zetmeel en bedekt is met een schil, die groen, geel, rood, paars of bruin kan zijn als ze rijp zijn. De vruchten groeien in trossen die aan de bovenkant van de plant hangen. Bijna alle moderne eetbare pitloze (parthenocarp) bananen zijn afkomstig van twee wilde soorten: Musa acuminata en Musa balbisiana. De wetenschappelijke namen van de meeste gecultiveerde bananen zijn Musa acuminata, Musa balbisiana en Musa × paradisiaca voor de hybride Musa acuminata × M. balbisiana, afhankelijk van hun genomische constitutie. De oude wetenschappelijke naam voor deze hybride, Musa sapientum, wordt niet meer gebruikt. Musa-soorten zijn inheems in het tropische Indomalaya en Australië, en zijn waarschijnlijk voor het eerst gedomesticeerd in Papoea-Nieuw-Guinea. Ze worden in 135 landen verbouwd, voornamelijk voor hun fruit, en in mindere mate om vezels, bananenwijn en bananenbier te maken en als sierplant. De grootste bananenproducenten ter wereld in 2017 waren India en China, die samen goed waren voor ongeveer 38% van de totale productie.
A banana é uma fruta comestível alongada - botanicamente uma baga - produzida por vários tipos de grandes plantas com flores herbáceas do gênero Musa. Em alguns países, as bananas usadas para cozinhar podem ser chamadas de "bananas", o que as distingue das bananas de sobremesa. O fruto é variável em tamanho, cor e firmeza, mas geralmente é alongado e curvo, com polpa macia rica em amido coberta por uma casca que pode ser verde, amarela, vermelha, roxa ou marrom quando madura. Os frutos crescem em cachos pendurados no topo da planta. Quase todas as bananas modernas comestíveis sem sementes (partenocarpo) vêm de duas espécies selvagens - Musa acuminata e Musa balbisiana. Os nomes científicos da maioria das bananas cultivadas são Musa acuminata, Musa balbisiana e Musa × paradisiaca para o híbrido Musa acuminata × M. balbisiana, dependendo de sua constituição genômica. O antigo nome científico desse híbrido, Musa sapientum, não é mais usado. As espécies de Musa são nativas da Indomalaya tropical e da Austrália, e provavelmente foram domesticadas pela primeira vez na Papua-Nova Guiné. Eles são cultivados em 135 países, principalmente por suas frutas e, em menor grau, para fazer fibra, vinho de banana e cerveja de banana e como plantas ornamentais. Os maiores produtores mundiais de bananas em 2017 foram a Índia e a China, que juntos responderam por aproximadamente 38% da produção total.
Un plátano (Cambur o banano en Venezuela) es una fruta comestible alargada, botánicamente una baya, producida por varios tipos de grandes plantas herbáceas con flores del género Musa. En algunos países, los plátanos utilizados para cocinar pueden llamarse "plátanos", distinguiéndolos de los plátanos de postre. La fruta es variable en tamaño, color y firmeza, pero generalmente es alargada y curva, con pulpa blanda rica en almidón cubierta con una cáscara que puede ser verde, amarilla, roja, violeta o marrón cuando está madura. Los frutos crecen en racimos que cuelgan de la parte superior de la planta. Casi todos los plátanos comestibles sin semillas (partenocarpio) modernos provienen de dos especies silvestres: Musa acuminata y Musa balbisiana. Los nombres científicos de la mayoría de los bananos cultivados son Musa acuminata, Musa balbisiana y Musa × paradisiaca para el híbrido Musa acuminata × M. balbisiana, dependiendo de su constitución genómica. El antiguo nombre científico de este híbrido, Musa sapientum, ya no se usa. Las especies de Musa son nativas de las zonas tropicales de Indomalaya y Australia, y es probable que hayan sido domesticadas por primera vez en Papua Nueva Guinea. Se cultivan en 135 países, principalmente por su fruta, y en menor medida para producir fibra, vino de plátano y cerveza de plátano y como plantas ornamentales. Los mayores productores mundiales de banano en 2017 fueron India y China, que juntos representaron aproximadamente el 38% de la producción total.
Une banane est un fruit comestible allongé - botaniquement une baie - produit par plusieurs sortes de grandes plantes à fleurs herbacées du genre Musa. Dans certains pays, les bananes utilisées pour la cuisson peuvent être appelées « plantains », ce qui les distingue des bananes dessert. Le fruit est de taille, de couleur et de fermeté variables, mais il est généralement allongé et incurvé, avec une chair molle riche en amidon recouverte d'une croûte qui peut être verte, jaune, rouge, violette ou brune à maturité. Les fruits poussent en grappes suspendues au sommet de la plante. Presque toutes les bananes comestibles modernes sans pépins (parthénocarpe) proviennent de deux espèces sauvages : Musa acuminata et Musa balbisiana. Les noms scientifiques de la plupart des bananiers cultivés sont Musa acuminata, Musa balbisiana et Musa × paradisiaca pour l'hybride Musa acuminata × M. balbisiana, en fonction de leur constitution génomique. L'ancien nom scientifique de cet hybride, Musa sapientum, n'est plus utilisé. Les espèces de Musa sont originaires de l'Indomalaya tropicale et de l'Australie et ont probablement été domestiquées pour la première fois en Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée. Ils sont cultivés dans 135 pays, principalement pour leurs fruits, et dans une moindre mesure pour fabriquer des fibres, du vin de banane et de la bière de banane et comme plantes ornementales. Les plus grands producteurs mondiaux de bananes en 2017 étaient l'Inde et la Chine, qui représentaient ensemble environ 38 % de la production totale.
Una banana è un frutto allungato e commestibile, botanicamente una bacca, prodotto da diversi tipi di grandi piante erbacee da fiore del genere Musa. In alcuni paesi, le banane utilizzate per cucinare possono essere chiamate "platani", distinguendole dalle banane da dessert. Il frutto è variabile per dimensione, colore e consistenza, ma è generalmente allungato e ricurvo, con polpa morbida ricca di amido ricoperta da una scorza, che può essere verde, gialla, rossa, viola o marrone a maturità. I frutti crescono in grappoli appesi alla sommità della pianta. Quasi tutte le moderne banane commestibili senza semi (partenocarpo) provengono da due specie selvatiche: Musa acuminata e Musa balbisiana. I nomi scientifici delle banane più coltivate sono Musa acuminata, Musa balbisiana e Musa × paradisiaca per l'ibrido Musa acuminata × M. balbisiana, a seconda della loro costituzione genomica. Il vecchio nome scientifico di questo ibrido, Musa sapientum, non è più utilizzato. Le specie Musa sono originarie dell'Indomalaya tropicale e dell'Australia, ed è probabile che siano state addomesticate per la prima volta in Papua Nuova Guinea. Sono coltivati in 135 paesi, principalmente per i loro frutti, e in misura minore per produrre fibre, vino di banana e birra di banana e come piante ornamentali. I maggiori produttori mondiali di banane nel 2017 sono stati India e Cina, che insieme hanno rappresentato circa il 38% della produzione totale.
Eine Banane ist eine längliche, essbare Frucht – botanisch gesehen eine Beere – die von mehreren Arten großer krautiger Blütenpflanzen der Gattung Musa produziert wird. In einigen Ländern werden Bananen, die zum Kochen verwendet werden, als "Kochbananen" bezeichnet, was sie von Dessertbananen unterscheidet. Die Frucht ist unterschiedlich in Größe, Farbe und Festigkeit, aber normalerweise länglich und gebogen, mit weichem, stärkereichem Fruchtfleisch, das mit einer Rinde bedeckt ist, die im reifen Zustand grün, gelb, rot, violett oder braun sein kann. Die Früchte wachsen in Büscheln, die von der Spitze der Pflanze hängen. Fast alle modernen essbaren kernlosen Bananen (Parthenokarp) stammen von zwei Wildarten – Musa acuminata und Musa balbisiana. Die wissenschaftlichen Namen der am häufigsten angebauten Bananen sind Musa acuminata, Musa balbisiana und Musa × paradisiaca für die Hybride Musa acuminata × M. balbisiana, abhängig von ihrer genomischen Konstitution. Der alte wissenschaftliche Name für diese Hybride, Musa sapientum, wird nicht mehr verwendet. Musa-Arten sind im tropischen Indomalaya und Australien beheimatet und wurden wahrscheinlich zuerst in Papua-Neuguinea domestiziert. Sie werden in 135 Ländern angebaut, hauptsächlich wegen ihrer Früchte und in geringerem Maße zur Herstellung von Ballaststoffen, Bananenwein und Bananenbier sowie als Zierpflanzen. Die weltweit größten Bananenproduzenten waren 2017 Indien und China, die zusammen etwa 38 % der Gesamtproduktion ausmachten.
الموز هو فاكهة مستطيلة صالحة للأكل - نباتية توت - تنتجها عدة أنواع من النباتات المزهرة العشبية الكبيرة في جنس موسى. في بعض البلدان ، قد يطلق على الموز المستخدم في الطهي اسم "الموز" ، مما يميزه عن الموز المصنوع من الحلوى. تختلف الثمار في الحجم واللون والصلابة ، ولكنها عادة ما تكون ممدودة ومنحنية ، ولحم ناعم غني بالنشا مغطى بقشرة قد تكون خضراء أو صفراء أو حمراء أو أرجوانية أو بنية عند النضج. تنمو الثمار في مجموعات تتدلى من أعلى النبات. تأتي جميع أنواع الموز الحديثة الصالحة للأكل (parthenocarp) من نوعين من الأنواع البرية - Musa acuminata و Musa balbisiana. الأسماء العلمية لمعظم أنواع الموز المزروعة هي Musa acuminata و Musa balbisiana و Musa × paradisiaca للهجين Musa acuminata × M. balbisiana ، اعتمادًا على تكوينها الجيني. لم يعد الاسم العلمي القديم لهذا الهجين ، Musa sapientum ، مستخدمًا. أنواع موسى موطنها إندومالايا الاستوائية وأستراليا ، ومن المحتمل أن تكون قد تم تدجينها لأول مرة في بابوا غينيا الجديدة. تزرع في 135 دولة ، في المقام الأول من أجل فواكهها ، وبدرجة أقل لتصنيع الألياف ونبيذ الموز وبيرة الموز ونباتات الزينة. كانت الهند والصين أكبر منتجي الموز في العالم في عام 2017 ، حيث شكلا معًا ما يقرب من 38 ٪ من إجمالي الإنتاج.
Millions of Blue Velella Wash Ashore California Beaches
Millions, maybe billions of these jellyfish-like creatures have washed ashore from Oregon to Mexico. It is something that happens periodically though usually not to this extent. The link above talks about why they think this is happening.
It was sad to see them all drying up on the beach but also photographically fascinating.
1Z29 Crewe to Glasgow Central. The Ayr Extention. LSL's Class 86 in Intercity Swallow livery heads north on the WCML with a charter to Ayr (Due to the fire damaged Ayr station the charter only went as far as Brassie Jn) seen here on the approach to Sheildmuir Station.
And here we can see the full extent of the length of the new vehicle. Our 'standard' Gemini's are more than 11 metres, the latest fleet group of former London buses are a more than 10 metres, but keep going here right on to more than 13 metres long!
Nowhere else in Britain will have buses this length which may mean less over-crowding, but a few tight bends for the drivers.
Richard Hall, Managing Director, says,"We are pleased to announce our order and partnership with Alexander Dennis and Volvo for the production of 42 Euro 6 vehicles for our city bus fleet.
These vehicles will enhance our current fleet in line with our investment BUS2020 strategy and ensure that we continue to play our part to improve air quality across the city and Scotland whilst meeting our customers’expectations".
Wildlife photography is to a large extent about opportunities, those you seize, those you miss, those you don't even see.... Red-winged blackbirds for sure are offering plenty of opportunities on Vancouver Island for a large portion of the year. It is probably one of the first bird I photographed when I started wildlife photography a few years ago. It is ever since, probably the bird I photograph the most each year. Yet, I feel that there is always a better picture of a red-winged blackbird which needs to be taken. The temptation was great to present a "year-end exhibit" of all those red-winged blackbird pictures I have taken this year. You will be glad I refrained from it. Here are a few I like.
The extent of Tailem Bend's railway yards has retreated over the years but interstate freight services continue to pass through the crossroads.
076286 8 Jan 2016
The extent of the grotty August weather is evident in this shot of HMS St. Albans. In the background is Type 45 destroyer HMS Defender.
Adult female Hoodeds have variablity in the extent of their hood with some having hardly any evidence at all of a hood (perhaps a hint of black just in the sides of the crown) and some nearly resembling adult males like this one. Apparently the amount of black in the hood does NOT correlate with the age of the spring female. Notice despite the amount of black in her hood she has plenty of olive throughout it as well. She was hanging around a singing male who was undoubtedly trying to woo her. I was fortunate to get this image as she moved about the shadows in thick vegetation. Thanks for your visit!
Tennessee. 4/29/2019.
As a neat exercise in identifying warblers by song check out this 9 second video clip and see if you can identify the 3 warblers singing. I recorded it about a week earlier in this warbler rich Tennessee location.
Wildlife photography is to a large extent about opportunities, those you seize, those you miss, those you don't even see.... Red-winged blackbirds for sure are offering plenty of opportunities on Vancouver Island for a large portion of the year. It is probably one of the first bird I photographed when I started wildlife photography a few years ago. It is ever since, probably the bird I photograph the most each year. Yet, I feel that there is always a better picture of a red-winged blackbird which needs to be taken. The temptation was great to present a "year-end exhibit" of all those red-winged blackbird pictures I have taken this year. You will be glad I refrained from it. Here are a few I like. This one is not necessarily technically the best male red-winged blackbird photo I have taken but I like its artistic feel. It was a windy day and I barely got enough speed to get the bird in focus, the movement of the reeds in the distance created an interesting background.
An eastern kingbird at the far western extent of its range in the Palouse region of eastern Washington.
“The extent to which two people in a relationship can bring up and resolve issues is a critical marker of the soundness of a relationship.”
Models :Floki & Naksu
👉 Flickr of Naksu & Floki : www.flickr.com/photos/ellendirkhandr/
👉Primfeed of Naksu: www.primfeed.com/ellendirkhandr
👉Tumblr of Naksu : www.tumblr.com/blog/missnaksu
On Naksu
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[...] within the capitalist system all methods for raising the social productiveness of labour are brought about at the cost of the individual labourer; all means for the development of production transform themselves into means of domination over, and exploitation of, the producers; they mutilate the labourer into a fragment of a man, degrade him to the level of an appendage of a machine, destroy every remnant of charm in his work and turn it into a hated toil; they estrange from him the intellectual potentialities of the labour process in the same proportion as science is incorporated in it as an independent power; they distort the conditions under which he works, subject him during the labour process to a despotism the more hateful for its meanness; they transform his life-time into working-time, and drag his wife and child beneath the wheels of the Juggernaut of capital. But all methods for the production of surplus-value are at the same time methods of accumulation; and every extension of accumulation becomes again a means for the development of those methods. It follows therefore that in proportion as capital accumulates, the lot of the labourer, be his payment high or low, must grow worse. The law, finally, that always equilibrates the relative surplus population, or industrial reserve army, to the extent and energy of accumulation, this law rivets the labourer to capital more firmly than the wedges of Vulcan did Prometheus to the rock. It establishes an accumulation of misery, corresponding with accumulation of capital. Accumulation of wealth at one pole is, therefore, at the same time accumulation of misery, agony of toil slavery, ignorance, brutality, mental degradation, at the opposite pole, i.e., on the side of the class that produces its own product in the form of capital.
Karl Marx, Capital, Vol 1: A Critical Analysis of Capitalist Production
Extention Tubes 65mm (13mm, 21mm & 31mm) Attached To 60mm Lens.
Blue Gel Attached To Flsh Gun.
Bubbles At The Side Of The A Glass Jar .
Picture Tilted 90 Degrees To The Right.
Cabo da Roca is a cape which forms the westernmost extent of mainland Portugal and continental Europe
Full Frame
This image reveals the full extent of the intriguing interacting galaxy pair in Corvus, known as the "Antennae Galaxies" The deep exposure shows quite an extensive and flocculent very faint outer halo, extending in all directions around the galaxies, including at the end of each long star stream.
Orion Optics UK AG12 F3.8
Starlightxpress TRIUS PRO-694 Midi Combi PRO Blue Edition incl.CFW & OAG unit
FLI Atlas Focuser
LHaRGB = 880min, 120min, 140min, 125min, 135min Combined total exposure 23hr 20min
Astronomik Deep-Sky LRGB and 6nm Ha filters
-20C chip temp, flats used but no dark frames.
Focal length 1120mm
Image scale 0.84"/pix
Guide Camera: Starlightxpress Lodestar PRO
Comments
Data collected 17, 21, 24 and 25 April 2023, no moon, generally good seeing (FWHM for Lum = 1.6" - 2.1") No BlurEx used in processing.
Taken from Eagleview Observatory:
pbase.com/strongmanmike2002/eagleview_observatory
Equipment setup:
pbase.com/strongmanmike2002/image/173097781/original
Some links to equipment used to take this image:
Sidereal Trading
StarlightXpress CCD Cameras and imaging equipment
Finger Lakes Instrumentation CCD cameras:
Gerd Neumann and Astronomik filters:
MSB Software & Astroart Camera control and Image processing software
A collage of two images of the Moon and Venus taken minutes apart on April 28, 2020, to show the similarity in their phases this night, April 28, 2020. Both images were shot with the same focal length and camera and so are identical in image scale, to compare their apparent sizes. I have not enlarged Venus, but I have put a frame around it to emphasize that its image has been layered in as a composite.
The Moon was a 5.6-day-old waxing crescent this night, 32% illuminated.. Venus was at its greatest brilliancy, or Greatest Illuminated Extent, with a disk 38 arc seconds across and 27% illuminated, so slightly less.. But the Moon was closer in phase to Venus this night than it would have been the night before with a 5-day Moon. The Moon’s disk appears about 50 times larger than Venus’s.
Just to be clear — Venus was not this close to the Moon! I layered in the image of Venus taken after the Moon image, with both set in the deep blue evening twilight. Venus and the Moon were actually some 30° apart in the sky. But the composite illustrates their mutual phases and disk sizes.
Taken with the 130mm Astro-Physics refractor with a 2X Barlow lens for an effective focal length of 1600mm and with the Canon 60Da APS-sensor camera. The Moon image is the full frame of the sensor, uncropped. Both images are single short exposures at ISO 100.
Coreopsis Hill,
Guadalupe-Nipomo Dunes,
Southern San Luis Obispo Co., California
Near the northern extent of this species' range. (Some have been planted in Los Osos.)
This tricolored heron was engaging in shadow fishing reminiscent of the way reddish egrets chase their prey. I have seen this behavior before but not to the extent displayed by this bird. Early morning at Ft. Desoto.
We are living in times of great destruction of the world as we know it, earth changes, fires, floods, earthquakes.
Here alone in Australia we sit in horror at the extent of the fires rampage across the country. Unprecedented fires and weather in the history of our existence (well what is on record)
Whilst horrific - the earth we live on has always been full of cyclic changes.
Ancient cities have been discovered under the sea, we are naive to think that the world as we know it will remain the same.
What continents exist now may no longer exist. What coast line exists now is slowly being swallowed up by the ocean.
Volcanic eruptions are changing the face of the planet as are earthquakes - the list is long.
We cannot stop the force of Mother Nature. We live on a planet that has always endured such destruction.
We have pole shifts taking place - all kinds of catastrophic events happening across the Globe. We are but a spit in the ocean to the wide Galaxies that we know of. Yet we think we are precious in some way.
I cannot help but wonder why I was so drawn to create this "Black Winged Goddess" let alone give her the name of Black Winged Goddess. But I was drawn, my soul was pushing me for weeks with a "slight vision" of what I needed to create. It now makes total sense to me why I was so drawn to create The Black Winged Goddess, given the state of our world and humanity.
My soul as always when I listen guides me with powerful messages and reminds me to just 'be' to accept 'what is'.
We may not like the current state of our world but it is what it is and all we can do is stay strong within ourselves and hold the power of 'love' in our hearts despite seeing so much being played out on the planet.
Kali (Hindu) - was known as a deity of the Fearsome Demon destroying Goddess who represents death and rebirth - so her name means "Black One".
We can never truly comprehend or understand the power of mother nature - we have abused her for centuries, taken her for granted and she is a living breathing consciousness so powerful that we dare not go up against here.
In recent years we have seen the influence of the feminine energy on earth which for eons has been dominated by the male energy.
So it makes complete sense to me that we are witness to so much destruction on the planet.
We are witness to the destruction of our societies as we know it, breakdown of families, law, politics.
So much of humanity is at war with the 'system', the injustices, and the lack of balance within our society. The homeless, the abused, the forgotten souls, the mental health issues that seem to have become rampant, the rise of Corporate wealth while humanity is trapped in slavery. We have learnt nothing as a humanity over the past how many hundred years?
In order for rebirth, for new growth, a culling needs to take place - hence the energy of the Black Winged Goddess she is both the Destroyer and the Giver of New Life.
We have elected to be here at this time on the planet - despite the suffering we witness or endure - I know at a higher level it is absolutely necessary for real change to take place.
Our world is a very different place to the one we have known - and whilst we have believed we have had a safe and reasonable planet in which to live, the reality is much Evil has existed and people have been brainwashed to the point of being zombies. There has been so much suppression imposed upon humanity even to the extreme of vaccinations and fluoride to our water supply. All of these chemicals act as suppressants to our brain! It has been a deliberate agenda of the existing power on earth. Their agenda has always been to rule, control and suppress the populous.
Humanity is awakening and with this will be uproar, dis - ease, a culling if you like. It is time for humanity to step out of fear and into their true power which is within each and every one of us.
New growth, new beginnings but not before the dismantling of the old - it has to be this way.
These times we are living through were written in history.
So I have created "The Black Winged Goddess" she is available in different styles, inside a Dome with beautiful etched glass or stand alone. She will rotate or can be static.
She is available on MP in the Stand Alone version (rotating) or can be seen in world at my store.
I hope you enjoy and embrace 'The "Black Winged Goddess' and rather be in fear of her - understand she brings 'New Life" but first the old has to die for the new to be born.
How appropriate for a New Year of 2020 fast approaching.
Interestingly and unconsciously I created 4 of these Black Winged Goddesses.
The year 2020 equates to the number 4 in Numerology.
The #4 represents a Universal energy. (see below for a deeper understanding of the #4)
The # 2 - Is the most feminine and often underestimated when it comes to power and strength. She is always gentle, tactful, diplomatic, forgiving and understanding. She likes to keep peace and likes to avoid confrontation. # 2 is the survivor and extremely resilient force. Her shape looks as though she is bent back on a knee with head bowed in humility and service. However when enough pressure is applied to the # 2 energy. Some would perceive her as weak and powerless due to this servitude shape. However never underestimate the power behind #2 because she represents the power (double) #1 who is the all powerful warrior who will shake and destroy no matter what. So #2 brings the balance but never underestimate the power of 2 Energy.
The #4 Energy in more detail
The 4 is without a doubt masculine, reflecting strength and stability. His chief characteristics are dependability, productivity, punctuality and obedience. He is trustworthy, patient, conventional and a traditionalist.
Tend to be rule followers. 4 is the area of sciences, upholding the law (such as Government and the military). The #4 represents Disciplined, systematic, Dependable, Strong. Loyal
Four is the basis of all solid objects. Four points are used in constructing the simplest solid and thus four is the number symbolizing the way of construction. In many religions, four is seen as the number for earth, and representing the four elements, Air Earth, Water and Fire.
At its extreme 4's can tend to overreact to violence.
So 2020 seems to have more challenges ahead and I suspect we will be seeing more uprising across the planet (#2 energy) with totalitarianism (#4 energy) being played out like never before. Perhaps more of what the world has witnessed in Hong Kong this year.
It is as if the two energies Masculine & Feminine are battling against one another. But at the same time I cannot help but feel and acknowledge UNITY - and this is what I will remain focused upon during the year ahead. We must stand united. We are after all 'one humanity'
We are without doubt living in very challenging times.
May peace be with you!
Taxi
maps.secondlife.com/secondlife/Isle%20Of%20Currents/243/2...
If you are interested in learning Eyelash Extention Course to maximise your future earning potential, you may like to take a look at our Taha Academy Specialist training Course
2210 MARKHAM ROAD, UNIT 2 SCARBOROUGH, ONTARIO M1B 5V6
(From Wikipedia)
Inle Lake is a freshwater lake located in the Nyaungshwe Township of Taunggyi District of Shan State, part of Shan Hills in Myanmar (Burma). It is the second largest lake in Myanmar with an estimated surface area of 44.9 square miles (116 km2), and one of the highest at an elevation of 2,900 feet (880 m). During the dry season, the average water depth is 7 feet (2.1 m), with the deepest point being 12 feet (3.7 m), but during the rainy season this can increase by 5 feet (1.5 m).
The watershed area for the lake lies to a large extent to the north and west of the lake. The lake drains through the Nam Pilu or Balu Chaung on its southern end. There is a hot spring on its northwestern shore.
Although the lake is not large, it contains a number of endemic species. Over twenty species of snails and nine species of fish are found nowhere else in the world. Some of these, like the silver-blue scaleless Sawbwa barb, the crossbanded dwarf danio, and the Lake Inle danio, are of minor commercial importance for the aquarium trade. It hosts approximately 20,000 brown and black head migratory seagulls in November, December and January.
In June 2015, it becomes the Myanmar's first designated place of World Network of Biosphere Reserves. It was one of 20 places added at at the Unesco's 27th Man and the Biosphere (MAB) International Coordinating Council (ICC) meeting.
The people of Inle Lake (called Intha), some 70,000 of them, live in four cities bordering the lake, in numerous small villages along the lake's shores, and on the lake itself. The entire lake area is in Nyaung Shwe township. The population consists predominantly of Intha, with a mix of other Shan, Taungyo, Pa-O (Taungthu), Danu, Kayah, Danaw and Bamar ethnicities. Most are devout Buddhists, and live in simple houses of wood and woven bamboo on stilts; they are largely self-sufficient farmers.
Most transportation on the lake is traditionally by small boats, or by somewhat larger boats fitted with single cylinder inboard diesel engines. Local fishermen are known for practicing a distinctive rowing style which involves standing at the stern on one leg and wrapping the other leg around the oar. This unique style evolved for the reason that the lake is covered by reeds and floating plants making it difficult to see above them while sitting. Standing provides the rower with a view beyond the reeds. However, the leg rowing style is only practiced by the men. Women row in the customary style, using the oar with their hands, sitting cross legged at the stern.
In addition to fishing, locals grow vegetables and fruit in large gardens that float on the surface of the lake. The floating garden beds are formed by extensive manual labor. The farmers gather up lake-bottom weeds from the deeper parts of the lake, bring them back in boats and make them into floating beds in their garden areas, anchored by bamboo poles. These gardens rise and fall with changes in the water level, and so are resistant to flooding. The constant availability of nutrient-laden water results in these gardens being incredibly fertile. Rice cultivation is also significant.
Cabo da Roca is a cape which forms the westernmost extent of mainland Portugal and continental Europe.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab_(region)
The Punjab (Listeni/pʌnˈdʒɑːb/, /ˈpʌndʒɑːb/, /pʌnˈdʒæb/, /ˈpʌndʒæb/), also spelled Panjab, panj-āb, land of "five rivers"[1] (Punjabi: پنجاب (Shahmukhi); ਪੰਜਾਬ (Gurumukhi)), is a geographical and cultural region in the northern part of South Asia, comprising areas of eastern Pakistan and northern India. Not being a political unit, the extent of the region is the subject of debate and focuses on historical events to determine its boundaries.
The Punjab region has been inhabited by Indus Valley Civilisation, Indo-Aryan peoples, Indo-Scythians and has seen numerous invasions by the Achaemenid Empire, Greeks, Kushan Empire, Ghaznavids, Timurids, Mughals, Afghans, British and others. The foreign invaders mainly targeted the most productive region of Punjab known as the Majha region,[2] located in central part of Punjab, which is also the bedrock of Panjabi culture and traditions.[3] The people of the Punjab today are called Punjabis and their principal language is called Punjabi. The main religions of the Punjab region are Islam, Sikhism and Hinduism. Other religious groups are Christianity, Jainism and Buddhism.
Etymology
History
The name of the region is a compound of two Persian words[1][4] Panj (five) and āb (water) and was introduced to the region by the Turko-Persian conquerors[5] of India and more formally popularised during the Mughal Empire.[6][7] Punjab literally means "(The Land of) Five Waters" referring to the rivers: Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Sutlej, and Beas.[8] All are tributaries of the Indus River, the Chenab being the largest.
Physical geography
There are two main definitions of the Punjab region: the 1947 definition and the older 1846-1849 definition. The third definition incorporates both the 1947 and the older definitions but also includes northern Rajasthan on a linguistic basis and ancient river movements.
1947 definition
The 1947 definition defines the Punjab region with reference to the dissolution of British India whereby the then British Punjab Province was partitioned between India and Pakistan. In Pakistan, the region now includes the Punjab province and Islamabad Capital Territory. In India, it includes the Punjab state, Chandigarh, Haryana[9] and Himachal Pradesh.
Using the 1947 definition, the Punjab region borders Kashmir to the north, Sindh and Rajasthan to the south, the Pashtun region and Balochistan to the west, and the Hindi belt to the east. Accordingly, the Punjab region is very diverse and stretches from the hills of the Kangra Valley to the plains and to the Cholistan Desert.
Major cities
sing the 1947 definition of the Punjab region, some of the major cities of the area include Lahore, Faisalabad and Ludhiana.
The older definition of the Punjab region focuses on the collapse of the Sikh Empire and the creation of the British Punjab province between 1846 and 1849. According to this definition, the Punjab region incorporates, in Pakistan, Azad Kashmir including Bhimber and Mirpur[10] and parts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (especially Peshawar[11][12] known in the Punjab region as Pishore).[13] In India the wider definition includes parts of Delhi and Jammu Division.[14][15]
Using the older definition of the Punjab region, the Punjab region covers a large territory and can be divided into five natural areas:[1]
the eastern mountainous region including Jammu Division and Azad Kashmir;
the trans-Indus region including Peshawar;
the central plain with its five rivers;
the north-western region, separated from the central plain by the Salt Range between the Jhelum and the Indus rivers;
the semi-desert to the south of the Sutlej river.
The formation of the Himalayan Range of mountains to the east and north-east of the Punjab is the result of a collision between the north-moving Indo-Australian Plate and the Eurasian Plate. The plates are still moving together, and the Himalayas are rising by about 5mm per year.
The upper regions are snow-covered the whole year. Lower ranges of hills run parallel to the mountains. The Lower Himalayan Range runs from north of Rawalpindi through Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and further south. The mountains are relatively young, and are eroding rapidly. The Indus and the five rivers of the Punjab have their sources in the mountain range and carry loam, minerals and silt down to the rich alluvial plains, which consequently are very fertile.[16]
Major cities
According to the older definition, some of the major cities include Jammu, Peshawar and parts of Delhi.
Greater Punjab
The third definition of the Punjab region adds to the definitions cited above and includes parts of Rajasthan[17][18][19][20] on linguistic lines and taking into consideration the location of the Punjab rivers in ancient times. In particular, the Sri Ganganagar and Hanumangarh districts are included in the Punjab region.
Climate
The climate is a factor contributing to the economy of the Punjab. It is not uniform over the whole region, with the sections adjacent to the Himalayas receiving heavier rainfall than those at a distance.[22]
There are three main seasons and two transitional periods. During the Hot Season, from about mid April to the end of June, the temperature may reach 49˚C. The Monsoon Season, from July to September, is a period of heavy rainfall, providing water for crops in addition to the supply from canals and irrigation systems. The transitional period after the monsoon is cool and mild, leading to the Winter Season, when the temperature in January falls to 5˚C at night and 12˚C by day. During the transitional period from Winter to the Hot Season sudden hailstorms and heavy showers may occur, causing damage to crops.[23]
History
The Punjab region of India and Pakistan has a historical and cultural link to Indo-Aryan peoples as well as partially to various indigenous communities. As a result of several invasions from Central Asia and the Middle East, many ethnic groups and religions make up the cultural heritage of the Punjab.
In prehistoric times, one of the earliest known cultures of South Asia, the Indus Valley Civilisation was located in the region.
The epic battles described in the Mahabharata are described as being fought in what is now the present-day State of Haryana and historic Punjab. The Gandharas, Kambojas, Trigartas, Andhra, Pauravas, Bahlikas (Bactrian settlers of the Punjab), Yaudheyas and others sided with the Kauravas in the great battle fought at Kurukshetra.[24] According to Dr Fauja Singh and Dr L. M. Joshi: "There is no doubt that the Kambojas, Daradas, Kaikayas, Andhra, Pauravas, Yaudheyas, Malavas, Saindhavas and Kurus had jointly contributed to the heroic tradition and composite culture of ancient Punjab".[25]
Menander I Soter (165/155 –130 BC) conqueror of the Punjab, he carved out a Greek kingdom in the Punjab and ruled the Punjab till his death in 130 B.C.[26][27]
In 326 BCE, Alexander the Great invaded the tip of the Punjab from the north (present-day Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in Pakistan) and defeated King Porus. His armies entered the region via the Hindu Kush in northwest Pakistan and his rule extended up to the city of Sagala (present-day Sialkot in northeast Pakistan). In 305 BCE the area was ruled by the Maurya Empire. In a long line of succeeding rulers of the area, Chandragupta Maurya and Ashoka stand out as the most renowned. The Maurya presence in the area was then consolidated in the Indo-Greek Kingdom in 180 BCE. Menander I Soter "The Saviour" (known as Milinda in Indian sources) is the most renowned leader of the era, he conquered the Punjab and made Sagala the capital of his Empire.[26] Menander carved out a Greek kingdom in the Punjab and ruled the region till his death in 130 B.C.[27] The neighbouring Seleucid Empire rule came to an end around 12 BCE, after several invasions by the Yuezhi and the Scythian people.
In 711–713 CE, 18-year-old Arab Sultan Muhammad bin Qasim of Taif, a city in what is now Saudi Arabia, came by way of the Arabian Sea with Arab troops to defeat Raja Dahir. The Sultan then led his troops to conquer the Sindh and Punjab regions for the Islamic Umayyad Caliphate. Qasim was the first to bring Islam to the region.
A section of the Lahore Fort built by the Mughal emperor Akbar.
During the establishment and consolidation of the Muslim Turkic Mughal Empire prosperity, growth, and relative peace were established. Particularly under the reign of Jahangir. Muslim empires ruled the Punjab for approximately 1000 years. The period was also notable for the emergence of Guru Nanak (1469–1539), the founder of Sikhism.
In 1758, Punjab came under the rule of Marathas who captured the region by defeating Afghan forces of Ahmad Shah Abdali. Abdali's Indian invasion weakened the Maratha influence, but he could not defeat the Sikhs. After the death of Ahmad Shah, the Punjab was freed from the Afghan yoke by Sikhs between 1773 and 1818. At the time of the formation of the Dal Khalsa in 1748 at Amritsar, the Punjab had been divided into 36 areas and 12 separate Sikh principalities, called misl. From this point onward, the beginnings of a Punjabi Sikh Empire emerged. Out of the 36 areas, 22 were united by Maharaja Ranjit Singh. The other 14 accepted British sovereignty. After Ranjit Singh's death, assassinations and internal divisions severely weakened the empire. Six years later the British East India Company was given an excuse to declare war and in 1849, after two Anglo-Sikh wars, the Punjab was annexed by the British.
In the Indian Rebellion of 1857 the Sikh rulers backed the East India Company, providing troops and support,[28] but in Jhelum 35 British soldiers of HM XXIV regiment were killed by the local resistance and in Ludhiana a rebellion was crushed with the assistance of the Punjab chiefs of Nabha and Malerkotla.
The British Raj had political, cultural, philosophical and literary consequences in the Punjab, including the establishment of a new system of education. During the independence movement, many Punjabis played a significant role, including Madan Lal Dhingra, Sukhdev Thapar, Ajit Singh Sandhu, Bhagat Singh, Udham Singh, Kartar Singh Sarabha, Bhai Parmanand, Muhammad Iqbal, Chaudhary Rehmat Ali, and Lala Lajpat Rai.
At the time of partition in 1947, the province was split into East and West Punjab. East Punjab (48%) became part of India, while West Punjab (52%) became part of Pakistan.[29] The Punjab bore the brunt of the civil unrest following the British Raj, with casualties estimated to be in millions.
Timeline
3300–1500 BCE: Harappan civilisation
1500–1000 BCE: (Rigvedic) Vedic civilisation
1000–500 BCE: Middle and late Vedic Period
599 BCE: Birth of Mahavira
567–487 BCE: Time of Gautama Buddha
550 BCE – 600 CE: Buddhism remained prevalent
326 BCE: Alexander's Invasion of Punjab
322–298 BCE: Chandragupta I, Maurya period
273–232 BCE: Reign of Ashoka
125–160 BCE: Rise of the Sakas
2 BCE: Beginning of Rule of the Sakas
45–180: Rule of the Kushans
320–550: Gupta Empire
500: Hunnic Invasion
510–650: Vardhana's Era
711–713: Muhammad bin Qasim conquers Sindh and small part of Punjab region
713–1200: Rajput states, Kabul Shahi & small Muslim kinddoms
1206–1290: Mamluk dynasty established by Mohammad Ghori
1290–1320: Khilji dynasty established by Jalal ud din Firuz Khilji
1320–1413: Tughlaq dynasty established by Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq
1414–1451: Sayyid dynasty established by Khizr Khan
1451–1526: Lodhi dynasty established by Bahlul Khan Lodhi
1469–1539: Guru Nanak
1526–1707: Mughal rule
1526–1530: Zaheeruddin Muhammad Babur
1530–1540: Nasiruddin Muhammad Humayun
1540–1545: Sher Shah Suri of Afghanistan
1545–1554: Islam Shah Suri
1555–1556: Nasiruddin Muhammad Humayun
1556–1556: Hem Chandra Vikramaditya
1556–1605: Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbar
1605–1627: Nooruddin Muhammad Jahangir
1627–1658: Shahaabuddin Muhammad Shah Jahan
1658–1707: Mohiuddin Muhammad Aurangzeb Alamgir
1539–1675: Period of 8 Sikh Gurus from Guru Angad Dev to Guru Tegh Bahadur
1675–1708: Guru Gobind Singh (10th Sikh Guru)
1699: Birth of the Khalsa
1708–1713: Conquests of Banda Bahadur
1722: Birth of Ahmed Shah Durrani, either in Multan in Mughal Empire or Herat in Afghanistan
1714–1759: Sikh chiefs (Sardars) war against Afghans & Mughal Governors
1739: Invasion by Nader Shah and defeat of weakened Mughal Empire
1747–1772: Durrani Empire led by Ahmad Shah Durrani
1756–1759: Sikh and Maratha Empire cooperation in the Punjab
1761: The Third Battle of Panipat, between the Durrani Empire against the Maratha Empire.
1762: 2nd massacre (Ghalughara) from Ahmed Shah's 2nd invasion
1765–1801: Rise of the Sikh Misls which gained control of significant swathes of Punjab
1801–1839: Sikh Empire also known as Sarkar Khalsa, Rule by Maharaja Ranjit Singh
1845–1846: First Anglo-Sikh War
1846: Jammu joined with the new state of Jammu and Kashmir
1848–1849: Second Anglo-Sikh War
1849: Complete annexation of Punjab into British India
1849–1947: British rule
1901: Peshawar and adjoining districts separated from the Punjab Province
1911: Parts of Delhi separated from Punjab Province
1947: The Partition of India divided Punjab into two parts. The Eastern part (with two rivers) became the Indian Punjab and the Western part (three rivers) the Pakistan Punjab
1966: Indian Punjab divided into three parts: Punjab, Haryana, and Himachal Pradesh
1973–1995: Punjab insurgency
1986: Resolution by militants proposing an independent state of Khalistan
People of the Punjab
Ethnic ancestries of modern Punjabis include a mixture of Indo-Aryan and Indo-Scythian. Semitic ancestries can also be found in lesser numbers. With the advent of Islam, settlers from Turkestan, Afghanistan, and Kashmir have also integrated into the Muslim Punjabi society. However the majority of Punjab is still made up of the Ahirs, Arains, Dalits (mostly Chamars), Gujjars, Jats, Khatris, Tarkhans, Brahmins, Bhats, Rajputs, Rors and Saini. In the past, the most densely populated area has been the Majha region of Punjab.
Languages
The major language spoken in the Punjab is Punjabi. In the Indian Punjab this is written in the Gurmukhi script. Pakistan uses the Shahmukhi script, that is closer to Urdu script. Hindi, written in the Devanagri script, is used widely in the Indian states of Himanchal Pradesh and Haryana. Several dialects of Punjabi are spoken in the different regions. The Majhi dialect is considered to be textbook Punjabi and is shared by both countries.
Religions
The vast majority of Pakistani Punjabis are Sunni Muslim by faith, but also include large minority faiths mostly Shia Muslim, Ahmadi Muslim and Christians.
The Indian states of Haryana and Himachal Pradesh are mostly Hindu-majority. Sikhism, founded in the late 15th century, is the main religion practised in the post-1966 Indian Punjab state. About 60% of the population of Punjab state is Sikh, 37% is Hindu, and the rest are Muslims, Christians, and Jains.[30] However, due to large scale migration from Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Bihar, Bengal and Odisha the demographics have become more skewed than reported earlier. Punjab state contains the holy Sikh city of Amritsar.
The Punjab was home to several Sufi saints.[31] Sufism is a concept in Islam. Also, Kirpal Singh revered the Sikh Gurus as saints.
Punjabi festivals
Punjabis celebrate the following cultural, seasonal and religious festivals:
Maghi
Lohri
Holi
Vaisakhi
Teeyan
Raksha Bandhan
Mela Chiraghan
Diwali
Dussehra
Karwa Chauth
Eid
Christmas
Navratri
Punjabi clothing
Traditional Punjabi clothing includes the following:
Salwar (Punjabi) Suit
Patiala salwar
Punjabi Tamba and Kurta
Phulkari
Punjabi Ghagra
Shalwar kameez
Kurta
Economy
Main articles: Economy of Punjab, Pakistan and Economy of Punjab, India
The historical region of Punjab is considered to be one of the most fertile regions on Earth. Both east and west Punjab produce a relatively high proportion of India and Pakistan's food output respectively.
The region has been used for extensive wheat farming, in addition rice, cotton, sugarcane, fruit and vegetables are also grown.
The agricultural output of the Punjab region in Pakistan contributes significantly to Pakistan's GDP. Both Indian and Pakistani Punjab are considered to have the best infrastructure of their respective countries. Indian Punjab has been estimated to be the second richest state in India.[34] Pakistani Punjab produces 68% of Pakistan's food grain production.[35] Its share of Pakistan's GDP has historically ranged from 51.8% to 54.7%.[36]
Called "The Granary of India" or "The Bread Basket of India", Indian Punjab produces 1% of the world's rice, 2% of its wheat, and 2% of its cotton.[37] In 2001, it was recorded that farmers made up 39% of Indian Punjab's workforce.
0M5-352 BC Collector Plate
"a hit with customers to the extent that the Ford outsold Chevrolet in 1957 for the first time since 1935." wikipedia
1997 Rover Sterling coupe.
2497cc KV6.
Previously and subsequently re-registered P646 KVV
Last SORN declaration expired in November 2021 and last recorded MoT test expired in October 2014*.
It failed a test in February 2015 -
Nearside rear registration plate lamp not working (1.1.c.1d)
Horn not working (1.6.2a)
Offside front lower front suspension ball joint dust cover excessively damaged so that it no longer prevents the ingress of dirt (2.4.g.2)
Nearside inner front front constant velocity joint gaiter damaged to the extent that it no longer prevents the ingress of dirt etc (2.5.c.1a)
Brake pedal creeps down while the pedal is held under pressure (3.3.b.1a)
*It must have had a current MoT test here in August 2017. I guess the online MoT history for the period covered by the time it had this private plate has been lost when the vehicle reverted to its original registration number.