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Both the electrons and some ion beams at the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) will be polarized, making the EIC the only facility in the world with this capability! This means the particles’ “spins” (a property analogous to the spin of a toy top that gives the particles intrinsic magnetism) can be aligned. EIC physicists will collide polarized particles to study how the spins and orbital motion of their internal building blocks contribute to their overall spin. They can also use particles’ spin alignment as a point of reference for other measurements.
Kiwi fruit, shot with my goofy 3x4 Speed Graphic with the 75mm lens. Kodak Electron Image film, developed in Tektol paper developer. Contact print made on expired (probably mid-70s) FSC Contact Paper, grade 3. f6.3, 1/250
Sections of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) contain precision components for increasing the number of collisions this “atom smasher” can produce. In this section, a beam of relatively cool electrons comingles with and extracts heat from RHIC’s heavy ion beams. Keeping the ions cool keeps them tightly packed, maximizing the number of collisions when RHIC’s two ion beams cross. Read more...
The Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) will make use of existing components of Brookhaven’s Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), including its ion sources, pre-accelerator chain, and a superconducting magnet ion storage ring. We’ll add a new electron storage ring inside the existing collider tunnel so that collisions can take place at points where the stored ion and electron beams cross. (NOTE: This animation is based on an earlier EIC design.)
Electron's life was a wreck, a terrible wreck. How did this happen, he wonders, how did everything go so wrong? He and his team, the Shock Team, left to fight the Beasts as reinforcements for the Alpha Team. The battle of mechs versus monsters was...fun. After defeating the Magma Beast and Tyrannosaur Beast, the team returned to Makuhero City. To their utter surprise, the city have been taken over by a mad bot named Scrax, who had created an army with the Hero Factory. After a lot of fighting, the team vanquished Scrax and regain possession of the tower, but his troubles were far from over. Later, some monster of nightmares attacked the Tower. He and his team eventually defeated the beast, but at the cost of Makuhero City. With the Tower majorly damaged and its cold fusion generators destroyed, all captured villains ran amuck. And a new, strange army appeared out of nowhere, ready to conquer what was left of the city. But these Korlekians soon realized just how hard fighting villains are. Their massive army was halved, all power sources destroyed, interstellar communications down, and thanks to Fire Lord and his gang, all fuel for vehicles have been trained. That was left of Hero Factory went bankrupt. Due to the horrors of what has happening, everyone else in the galaxy stayed away. Heroes, those that came to Makuhero City, were all, but gone. All except himself, Electron. In order to survive the remaining Korlekians trapped on this planet, he smashed Electron .2 and took his face. Turning what was left of his Korlek double into a HUD and A.I. support system. At least from a distance, most bought that he was Electron .2. Though that's not what troubled him most. With little to no power sources left on the planet, he had to drain it from others in order to keep his core and weapons charged. First it was just some vehicles. Then villains like Photographer, Arachnor, and Polygaetrix. They were villains...it's not like he smashed them! Electron shouts, arguing with himself. They'll be fine once they get power again. Then he ran out of villains and started to drain what little power was left in the bodies of fallen Heroes and citizens...He didn't like doing it...He doesn't have a choice. Then one odd day, a powerful being came out of nowhere and approached Electron. He told Electron that he needs a Hero, that Electron needs to be a Hero again. Electron refused, his team was gone, he failed in his mission. Now he feeds on the deceased like a monster. He's no hero, just the remnants of one who's author forgot to give him a happy ending. The being stared at him surprised. Perhaps he was wrong, Electron isn't capable of being on his task force. Though taking pity, he teleported the Hero into another universe, another world. Electron's body started to change and Electron .2's face fell off. His old memories were disappearing, being replaced by new ones. He wasn't Electron any more, he is Chrisataur, and ready to live a happy life on this beautiful planet. He's walking away, leaving the face in the ground. If only the being knew what would happen later. Maybe Electron's life is meant to be a cruel joke. He would soon live in a post-apocalyptic world again. Trying to survive off of anything possible. For him, it's a cruel world after all.
And here's your prize Chris! Surprise! It's Electron! I do have a story written, but it's so long that I have to put it in a separate creation. Anyways, Electron here has a sniper rifle, Swarmer's old baton, Tracker's old energy pistol, two swords, and various other tools.
The Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) will produce particle collisions at a rate of 1 × 10^34 (that’s 1 followed by 34 zeros!) per square centimeter per second. Lots of collisions (also called high "luminosity") = lots of data!
The Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) will act like a combination MRI/CT scanner for the building blocks of atoms. Electrons at the EIC will emit virtual light particles that scatter off quarks and gluons within a proton to produce the first ever 3D “freeze-frame” snapshots of the “sea” of quarks and “ocean” of gluons within these nuclear particles. Understanding the structure and strong force interactions of the quarks and gluons will help us solve the mystery of how they generate the mass of all visible matter in the universe! For more information see our site comparing RHIC and the EIC.
The Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) design will make use of existing ion sources, a pre-accelerator chain, a superconducting magnet ion storage ring, and other infrastructure of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), shown here. See Electron-Ion Collider schematic for comparison.
The Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) will make use of existing components of Brookhaven’s Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), including its ion sources, pre-accelerator chain, and a superconducting magnet ion storage ring. We’ll add a new electron storage ring inside the existing collider tunnel so that collisions can take place at points where the stored ion and electron beams cross. (NOTE: This animation is based on an earlier EIC design.)
All of today’s electronics and much of our economy depend on what scientists learned last century about atoms: the nucleus, its orbiting electrons, and the electromagnetic force. But there’s a whole lot more going on inside the atomic nucleus and within its protons and neutrons. The Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) will explore that inner microcosm. It will bring high-energy electrons into head-on collisions with high-energy protons or nuclei to reveal how the inner building blocks build up the properties and structure of all visible matter in the universe.
The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) can collide two beams of polarized protons (top)—where the particles’ spin orientations are aligned in a particular direction. At the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC), collisions will take place between electrons and polarized protons (or light ions) (bottom). In both cases, the collisions allow scientists to study proton spin, a property somewhat analogous to the way a toy top rotates on its axis, which establishes the particle’s angular momentum. Spin is what makes MRI scans possible, but how it arises from its internal building blocks is still a mystery. Experiments at RHIC have revealed that gluons and a sea of quark-antiquark pairs make essential contributions to proton spin. Future experiments at the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) will make precision measurements of those contributions. The EIC will also make measurements that directly reveal the rotational motion of quarks and gluons and how those internal motions contribute to overall spin.
Free Electron Laser at Brookhaven National Laboratory's Accelerator Test Facility (ATF).
The ATF is a proposal driven facility that provides users with high-brightness electron- and laser-beams. The ATF pioneered the concept of a user facility for studying complex properties of modern accelerators and new techniques of particle acceleration over a quarter of a century ago and remains a valuable resource to the user community.
TWI's expertise in electron beam (EB) welding and processing make it a world leader and ideal partner in the development of products and processes. We can help Members to achieve cost savings and meet their quality and performance requirements.
Our scientific and engineering expertise covers all disciplines related to the generation and use of electron beams. We offer complete and impartial support at every stage of the product and process life-cycle - from feasibility studies, assembly design, equipment specification and engineering through to specialist sub-contract welding, troubleshooting, consultancy and training.
TWI has a state-of-the-art range of electron beam processing equipment and unique quality assurance diagnostic tools which are in use in our laboratory and at customer sites around the world.
For more information www.twi.co.uk/technologies/welding-coating-and-material-p...
If you wish to use this image each use should be accompanied by the credit line and notice, "Courtesy of TWI Ltd".
The simplest view of a proton shows only three quarks held together by gluons (left). Experiments have revealed that the internal structure of a proton can be more complicated (middle). But even with all these quarks and gluons (right), there’s still not enough mass to account for the total mass of the proton. Experiments at the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) will explore the mystery of how these building blocks generate the mass of the proton.
The Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) will act like a combination MRI/CT scanner for the building blocks of atoms. Electrons at the EIC will emit virtual light particles that scatter off quarks and gluons within a proton to produce the first ever 3D “freeze-frame” snapshots of the “sea” of quarks and “ocean” of gluons within these nuclear particles. Understanding the structure and strong force interactions of the quarks and gluons will help us solve the mystery of how they generate the mass of all visible matter in the universe!
Free Electron Laser at Brookhaven National Laboratory's Accelerator Test Facility (ATF).
The ATF is a proposal driven facility that provides users with high-brightness electron- and laser-beams. The ATF pioneered the concept of a user facility for studying complex properties of modern accelerators and new techniques of particle acceleration over a quarter of a century ago and remains a valuable resource to the user community.
Quarks have very little mass and gluons have none. If you could weigh the mass of all the quarks and gluons outside of a proton, they’d account for only 1% of the total mass of the proton. What creates the other 99%? Experiments at the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) will explore this question.
Protons and neutrons are made of smaller building blocks called quarks (colored spheres), which are held together by gluelike gluons (yellow squiggles). Without gluons to hold quarks together, atoms — and everything made from them, including stars, planets, and people — would not exist! The Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) will explore the details of these building blocks of all visible matter.
Past experiments have shown that the distribution of quarks and gluons in a nucleus is different from their distribution in a proton (an effect called nuclear shadowing). How does being in a nucleus instead of just a proton drive this process? Do different kinds of quarks interact differently with the matter inside a nucleus? Scientists will use the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) to explore these questions.
Gluons are always popping in and out of existence like blinking fireflies. But when nuclei or protons are accelerated to high energies, the gluons inside appear to multiply. That’s because time operates in weird ways near the speed of light. The “blinking” appears to slow down, which makes the gluons linger longer. Energetic particle collisions at the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) will let physicists study this gluon-dominated state.
In 1925, Uhlenbeck and Goudsmit introduced electron spin, which posits intrinsic angular momentum for the electron. They were both PhD students op Paul Ehrenfest at Leiden University
TWI's expertise in electron beam (EB) welding and processing make it a world leader and ideal partner in the development of products and processes. We can help Members to achieve cost savings and meet their quality and performance requirements.
Our scientific and engineering expertise covers all disciplines related to the generation and use of electron beams. We offer complete and impartial support at every stage of the product and process life-cycle - from feasibility studies, assembly design, equipment specification and engineering through to specialist sub-contract welding, troubleshooting, consultancy and training.
TWI has a state-of-the-art range of electron beam processing equipment and unique quality assurance diagnostic tools which are in use in our laboratory and at customer sites around the world.
For more information www.twi.co.uk/technologies/welding-coating-and-material-p...
If you wish to use this image each use should be accompanied by the credit line and notice, "Courtesy of TWI Ltd".
An upgrade to the Electron beam Ion Source (EBIS) that operated from 2010 to 2022, the new Extended EBIS will have more intensity and support new capabilities for the Electron-Ion Collider.
Electron microscopy facilities at Brookhaven's Center for Functional Nanomaterials consist of four top-of-the line transmission electron microscopes, two of which are highly specialized instruments capable of extreme levels of resolution, achieved through spherical aberration correction.
Electron microscopy facilities at Brookhaven's Center for Functional Nanomaterials consist of four top-of-the line transmission electron microscopes, two of which are highly specialized instruments capable of extreme levels of resolution, achieved through spherical aberration correction.
Hydrogen accounts for about 74 percent of the normal matter in the Universe. This visualization shows the electron clouds of hydrogen through the probability density function when the principal quantum number, N, is 1 and 2. The probability density illustrates where the electron is most likely to be found if measured, red indicates high probability, blue indicates low probability.
Update: 2020/06/22: A 16k version is now available.
Update: 2020/07/06: A visualization showing all electron orbitals for N=1 to 6 is also available on Youtube: youtu.be/HyRHT4yOvms
This is the "Lens" of a disused Transmission Electron Microscope. Unlike optical lenses, which work because they consist of material with a refractive index that is different to air, this lens is simply a hole in a large coil of copper wire (about a hand-span in width, and about an inch thick). By applying a current to the wire, a beam of electrons flying through the central hole can be narrowed or broadened, similar to the way light beams are altered when they pass through an optical lens. The application of this type of lens in the first working electron microscope won Ernst Ruska the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1986. A fantastic explanation of how these lenses work can be found here .
We went to an auction last week.. and one of the things they had for sale was this.. which appears to me to be an old electron microscope.
I didn't stick around long enough to see how much it sold for.
Equipe SMILEI du LLR / concours vidéo 2021 PLAS@PAR Laser wakefield acceleration of electrons
Simulation d' accélération d'électrons par sillage laser
Lien vers la vidéo
Epithélium respiratoire humain infecté par le coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 responsable du Covid-19. On observe sur cette image des grappes de virus au niveau des cils des cellules épithéliales, de très nombreuses vésicules cytoplasmiques (organites retrouvés dans le cytoplsame à l'intérieur des cellules) - très caractéristiques - contenant de larges accumulations de matériel viral (dense aux électrons). De nombreux virus en assemblage sont également observés. Cette image d’infection par le SARS-CoV-2 d’un modèle préclinique d’épithélium respiratoire humain reconstitué et cultivé en interface air/liquide a été obtenue par microscopie électronique à transmission sur la plateforme d’imagerie de l’Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (CIQLE).
© M. Rosa-Calatrava; O. Terrier; A. Pizzorno Signia Therapeutics; E. Errazuriz-Cerda CIQLE; N.Rosa-C./Virpath/Inserm,CNRS, ENS Lyon, UCBL1.licence CC-BY-NC 4.0 international
The Aberration-Corrected and Monochromated Scanning/Transmission Electron Microscope has the ability to image structural and chemical information for nanostructured materials, buried interfaces, catalysts, and minerals with very high spatial resolution. It will impact the design of new materials for energy production, storage, and the understanding of geo- and bio-geochemical processes in subsurface environments. EMSL is a Department of Energy national scientific user facility located at PNNL.
For more information, visit Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory.
Terms of Use: Our images are freely and publicly available for use with the credit line, "Courtesy of Pacific Northwest National Laboratory." Please use provided caption information for use in appropriate context.
Knowledge of structure and chemistry at the atomic scale is crucial to modern materials science and nanotechnology. Advanced electron microscopy can provide the fundamental knowledge that will enables us not only to understand, but also to control the physical and chemical behavior of nanostructured materials. The electron microscopy facility at Brookhaven National Laboratory's Center for Functional Nanomaterials focuses on identifying nanoscale structure-property relationships of energy-related materials by employing state-of-the-art instruments.
A Siemens Transmission electron microscope from the 1950s
Museum object at the Anatomy dept. of the University Basel, Switzerland.
Phonecam
Material Scientists at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory are using electron microscopy images of total carbon dioxide (TcO2) crystals on the surface of Trevorite, an iron-nickel spinel considered for the immobilization of technetium, in an effort to develop innovative new nuclear waste forms. The disposal of technetium from Hanford tank waste sludge is an on-going problem. Technetium (Tc) has a very low solubility in current glass formulations, hence the search is on for new methods of Tc immobilization.
Terms of Use: Our images are freely and publicly available for use with the credit line, "Courtesy of Pacific Northwest National Laboratory." Please use provided caption information for use in appropriate context.
This originally was going to be a sketchnote of a paper from the European Journal of Physics but I ended up getting sucked into the fun calculations associated with determining the frequency of a matter wave and some related things like group and phase velocity.
I recently came across an article in the European Journal of Physics that defines the phase velocity in terms of the relativistic energy (as is done in the bottom portion of my sketchnote) and arrives at the same result for phase velocity. I had never seen this derived anywhere. Very cool!