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IMAGE DISTRIBUTED FOR LEGO SYSTEMS, INC. - Emcee Carly Henderson shares tips with local schoolchildren about 32 LEGO Model Builders spent over 17,000 hours and 5.3 million bricks to build the largest LEGO model ever revealed in New York City's Times Square, Thursday May 23, 2013. (Amy Sussman/AP Images for The LEGO Group)
Operator Gul Zaman Khan taking readings from inverter panels at the project site in Pira Kalwal and Wadgal Village, Joharabad, Khushab District, Pakistan on Wednesday, 30 May 2018. The hybrid solar-wind project is the only source of electricity in the area and provides residents better living standards and convenience.
The Solar Photovoltaic–Small-Wind Hybrid Power System Subproject is part of the Effective Deployment of Distributed Small Wind Power Systems Project that supports multiple development purposes in remote windy rural areas.
Photo: Nasr ur Rahman
Read more on:
Effective Deployment of Distributed Small Wind Power Systems
Distributed in the USA by Whizzer, a motorized bicycle maker. These cars were sold under the Champion and Gutbrod names in the early fifties. Gutbrod went bankrupt in 1954. 1958 was the last year for the Maico car.
Can not forgive their attitude.
I sent them a letter.
Dear Members of the Open Newspaper Committee,
I have learned that Mainichi Newspaper has been distributing unreliable gossip articles mostly including sexual non-true "Japanese customs" through the world wide web for more than 7 years.
I have seen some of the articles and it is way beyond awful, which makes the people around the world misunderstand Japan and the Japanese and it is insulting.
I do feel a lot of anger towards these acts and I do not think the current measures taken by Mainichi is enough to only suspend the reporter for 3 months , and some tiny salary cut (0.83% of annual salary) for the General Manager and Managing Director.
The term "Manage" is to manage the whole web site and it was obvious that it was very wrongly managed.
I have learned that Mainichi has put some "meta keywords" or "tags" for the readers to let find the waiwai site easily, to my shock, the keywords included words like "hentai", "geisha", "sex", and more, which Mainichi have deleted already, and to my knowledge have not disclosed to the public the fact that these keywords were written in Mainichi web site and Mainichi have deleted this secretly.
Mainichi even tagged the word "hentai" to the articles related to the Emperors family, when the Constitutions say the Emperor is the symbol for Japan, I assume Mainichi is insulting the whole country, Japan.
I have read that the rape crime against Japanese women has been increasing since 2001 when waiwai started their vulgar articles.
The following is another article based on Mainichi's report.
This might cause war between Japan and Ecuador, Belarus or Kenya, it certainly would not please the people in these countries and it is a threat to the peace of this globe.
”
mdn.mainichi-msn.co.jp/waiwai/archive/news/2003/07/200307...
Outbound travel has been hit hard this year by such factors as the war on Iraq and the SARS outbreak, but plenty of Japanese have headed overseas on underground tours involving sex, slavery and savagery, according to Tokusatsu Shinsengumi.
For Japanese men sick of plying professionals, there are always the rape brokers of Vietnam - touts who'll apparently drag a woman off the streets so a Japanese man can violate her.
In Ecuador, Japanese can, according to the men's weekly, hunt for children in a different manner as they are armed with a rifle and permitted to track down a youth let loose in the jungle. About 10 Japanese have so far taken part in the tours, with only three getting a shot off at their target and no fatalities reported.
Japanese are tapping into the underground in European countries, too. Belarus attracts a monthly gathering of people from all over the world for its sickening slave auctions.
"Customers are looking for something different these days, right? Eastern Europeans or South Americans just aren't good enough any more. So, I decided to get myself some black women. A coordinator I know told me about the slave auctions in Africa and asked if I was interested in taking part. The coordinator's job is to bring foreign women to Japan. He said he was going to the auction again. I thought it looked interesting, so decided to tag along with him," the operator of an Osaka bordello tells Tokusatsu Shinsengumi. "It was held in Kenya. They brought out over a dozen young men and women and lined 'em all up in front of us like they were products. I asked who they were and was told they were all people badly in debt. Just looking at what was going on, I couldn't possibly buy anybody. I came home empty handed, but I've heard of sex businesses in Japan that use slaves. If they ever got picked up, there'd be an almighty uproar.""
I strongly suggest that Mainichi will have statement to "review and correct" these articles and not just deleting them but display and distribute such correction for more than the period that these crazy articles have been in place, more than 7 years.
I will blog this around the world until Mainichi would respond in a serious and sincere way to the public in English and Japanese language, not to me.
The fact that Mainichi has mislead the world, instead of spreading the truth which is a special role for journalists, is a huge mistake and Mainichi will have to "reborn" and take these back from the world in every possible way that they can.
I do have another concern that the Members of the committee is consisted of pro-Mainichi people, but my hope is that the Members would seek for the truth and act like a real journalist, for the only way that Mainichi would survive.
Not hide what was wrong but disclose, review and correct.
Lastly let me add that the Japanese Mainichi site includes far the most sexual articles among the Japanese newspapers, Asahi, Yomiuri, Nikkei and Mainichi, and this Japanese site including these sexual articles are easily "linked" from the "Mainichi Elementary School Newspaper"site.
Again please do not "delete and hide" but "review, apologize and correct" the situation there as well.
Thank you for paying attention to my sincere e-mail letter.
Best regards,
Reader of Mainichi Newspaper
A single locomotive running in distributed power mode is in the middle of Canadian Pacific Railway freight train 281 as it rolls west along the Wisconsin River approaching Wisconsin Dells, Wisconsin, on the evening of June 21, 2020.
Asha worker Shamwati Lodha (R) distributes mid-day meal at the Anganwadi centre in village Hilgna, district Guna in Madhya Pradesh. Despite being rich in natural resources like diamonds, Madhya Pradesh is more infamous for its poverty. It is home to around 50 million people who defecate in the open air without latrines (around 70% of its 72 million people). These people consequently do not have adequate hygiene, without soap and enough water to wash their hands after defecating. About 5% of the global total of open defecators can be found in this one Indian state alone. Madhya Pradesh is also home to some of the most undernourished children in India with 50% of under threeÕs suffering from stunting (chronic malnutrition), an indicator of long-term persistent nutrition deprivation that lead to poor physical growth and brain development in children with tragic implications for child survival, growth and development. As much as 50% of malnutrition is caused not by a lack of food or poor diets, but due to poor water, poor sanitation facilities and unhygienic practices - like not washing hands properly with soap. 2.5 billion cases of diarrhoea in children under-five are recorded worldwide every year , and in India diarrhoea caused 2,12,000 child deaths in 2010 alone. Moreover, many people do not recognise diarrhoea as a problem; because it is so recurrent it is thought to be normal, and they do not seek help. These numbers are therefore likely to be under reported. UNICEF India/ 2013/ Romana...
.
A couple stops to say thank you to the National Guard Soldiers distributing food and water after Hurricane Ian’s devastation in Port Charlotte, Fla. Oct. 1, 2022. The Florida National Guard has been assisting citizens with Hurricane Ian relief. (Photo by Spc. Christian Wilson)
President Aquino distributes the Kapit-Bisig Laban sa Kahirapan-Comprehensive and Integrated Delivery of Social Services card to the recipients of the antipoverty program of the Department of Social Welfare and Development at the Sto. Tomas Gymnasium, Sto. Tomas, Davao del Norte. Photo by Jay Morales / Malacañang Photo Bureau
The Postcard
A postally unused Valentine's Series postcard that was distributed by the United Art Co. of Boston, Massachusetts. The card, which was printed in the United States, has a divided back.
Lexington, Massachusetts
Lexington is a suburban town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, 10 miles (16 km) from Downtown Boston. The population was 34,454 as of the 2020 census.
The area was originally inhabited by Native Americans, and was first settled by Europeans in 1641 as a farming community.
Lexington is known as the site of the first shots of the American Revolutionary War, where the "Shot heard 'round the world" took place. It is home to the Minute Man National Historical Park.
The Battle of Lexington
On the 19th. April 1775, the first battle of the American Revolutionary War was the Battle at Lexington. On the night of the 18th. April, the British Army sent out 800 grenadiers and light infantry soldiers on foot from Boston, with the intention of destroying Colonial gunpowder and cannons that were being stored in Concord.
The expedition was also intended to capture two leaders of the Sons of Liberty, John Hancock and Samuel Adams, who were staying in Lexington.
However Hancock and Adams were warned of the danger by two alarm riders, Paul Revere and William Dawes, who alerted the countryside to the British movements.
When the British soldiers arrived on the Lexington Common not long after sunrise, they faced 77 men of the Lexington militia, commanded by Captain John Parker.
Someone—still unknown to this day—fired a shot, provoking an exchange of musket fire between the two sides. Eight Lexington militia men were killed, and dozens more were wounded.
After the rout, the British marched on toward Concord. There, several hundred militia and minutemen from nearby towns assembled near the Old North Bridge to turn back the British and prevent them from capturing and destroying the Colony's stores of gunpowder and military equipment.
A minuteman was a member of a class of militiamen of the American revolutionary period who volunteered to be ready for service at a minute's notice.
One of Parker's company, many years later, recalled Parker's order at Lexington Green to have been:
"Stand your ground. Don't fire unless
fired upon, but if they mean to have
a war, let it begin here."
Paul Revere recalled Parker's command as having been:
"Let the soldiers pass by.
Do not molest them without
they begin first".
During the skirmish John Parker witnessed his cousin Jonas Parker killed by a British bayonet. Later that day he rallied his men to attack the regulars returning to Boston in an ambush known as "Parker's Revenge".
John Parker, who was born on the 13th. July 1729, died of tuberculosis on the 17th. September 1775. He was only 46 years of age when he died.
Today, the town of Lexington annually commemorates the battle on the Battle Green in the Downtown with a re-enactment, as part of its Patriots Day festivities.
The Statue
The statue in the photograph represents Captain John Parker. It was sculpted by Henry Hudson Kitson, and erected in 1900.
This statue in Lexington, Massachusetts is commonly called "The Lexington Minuteman." It is often confused with the Daniel Chester French statue The Minute Man in nearby Concord.
The Lexington Minuteman was originally meant to represent the common Minuteman, but has now become accepted as symbolizing Parker. It stands at the town green of Lexington, Massachusetts.
It was not based on Parker's appearance, as no known likenesses of him survive today, and the figure is of a younger, healthy man which Parker at that point was not.
One description of Parker was:
"A stout, large framed man, of medium
height, somewhat like his illustrious
grandson, Theodore Parker, in personal
appearance, but he had a much longer
face."
1 Service Battalion (1 SVC BN) members distribute essential supplies like food, water, fuel and other necessities during a distribution point during Exercise MAPLE RESOLVE 2021 at 3rd Canadian Division Support Base (3 CDSB) Garrison Wainwright, May 2, 2021.
From May 1 to 11, 2021, about 2500 Canadian Armed Forces members are participating in Exercise MAPLE RESOLVE 21 in Wainwright, AB. As the premier annual Canadian Army field training event, Ex MAPLE RESOLVE tests soldier’s abilities within a realistic, complex and challenging environment.
Du 1er au 11 mai 2021, environ 2 500 membres des forces armées canadiennes participent à l’exercise MAPLE RESOLVE 21 à Wainwright, en Alberta. Ent ant que principal événement d’entraînment annuel sur la terrain de l’Armée canadienne, l’exercise MAPLE RESOLVE teste les capacités des soldats dans un environnement de combat réaliste, complexe et stimulant.
20210502VCK0013D010
Photo: Corporal Doug Burke, CAF Photo - Visual Communications Support / OPTIC
Miserable conditions greeted 2309D as it leads 2346D 2315D further back into the consist with a distributed power coalie through Lanefield
#OnceUponATime
In spring 2013 I organized #SpaceBembel, a #SpaceSocial where a group of #SpaceTweeps got together again to share some space fun in Frankfurt.
As one of my mottos is "no #SpaceTweetup without a proper badge" I designed one and distributed it to all participants.
What I had started back then became kind of a tradition in the meantime:
Inspired by several #Space- and #ScienceTweetups I painted logos for every event I attended,
got them printed on badges for all, as well as thank-you posters, t-shirts, etc. as memento of our shared adventures.
And 2013 has been quite a ride :-)
#SpaceBembel *
#ASE26 *
#BuraMooN 1 & 2 * #SpaceKoelschX * #CERNTweetup * #ItIsStonehengeReunionOClock * #ScienceTweetup
And 2014 is also amazing already:
I already created designs for #SpaceFestVI and #AlexTweetup taking place in May
and @SpaceUpUK in July 2014.
I am very much looking forward to sharing these events with so many friends from all over the world.
More to come ;-)
www.flickr.com/photos/spaceholix/collections/721576354819...
So #AlexTweetup is about our trip to Baikonur shared by 16 dedicated #SpaceTweeps and two #SpaceMascots named #PinkLittleDragon and @CamillaSpace.
All of us will share this unique adventure of witnessing the Soyuz launch of our German astronaut Alexander Gerst ( #FF @Astro_Alex ) to #ISS on 28. May 2014 via Twitter, Facebook and other social media channels.
Here is the collection of my brainstorming and the design process as well as many pictures of the past 5 years, from the day at #TdLR09, where we "met" Alexander Gerst and the other #shenanigans for the very first (but not the last) time, shortly after their assignments for a trip to #ISS.
Oh yes, there was a time before twitter and other social media ;-)
www.flickr.com/photos/spaceholix/sets/72157644182872632/
My latest design features the #NebraSkydisk - one of the most beautiful and most fascinating archeological and astronomical artefacts ever found - until today.
This is the oldest-known illustration of our cosmos so far, with an estimated age of 3600 years (!!!), the earliest known diagram of the heavens, which makes it one or may be THE most important archaeological discovery of the twenty-first century.
It was discovered by treasure hunters on July 4th 1999 near the city of Nebra in Germany and since then fascinates not only the experts as its history is really exciting from then till now.
www.dailymotion.com/video/x1a45jq_the-nebra-sky-disc-anci...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebra_sky_disk
www.bibliotecapleyades.net/arqueologia/nebra_disk.htm
I fell in love with this beauty as soon as I saw it the very first time several years ago.
And I always wanted to paint it one day!
So what better match could there be than combining this masterpiece -created by stargazers thousands of years ago, who loved observing (and already started understanding) our night sky- with two fantastic #SpaceEvents in May 2014.
#SpaceFestVI in Pasadena ( www.spacefest.info/VI/brochure.html ), THE #SpaceEvent of the year, where many astronauts of the dawning of space exploration did reunite and inspire all of us
and then -end of May- our #AlexTweetup - where we celebrate the launch of @esa astronaut Alexander Gerst, whose mission name is #TheBlueDot (!!!).
Both events bring people together (again), who travel all around the world to share their love of space and our beautiful blue marble …
And I am really honored that sharing my badges and designs with so many #SpaceTweeps AND astronauts of the very first era of space exploration until today made so many people smile again. And these smiles seem to be contagious ;-D
I cannot really explain it, there simply is this very special close link between us.
NOTE:
#NebraSkyDisk is under the copyright of the Landesamt für Denkmalpflege und Archäologie Sachsen-Anhalt
- Landesmuseum für Vorgeschichte -
www.lda-lsa.de/en/nebra_sky_disc/
As my design project is an artistic realization for two private travel groups, I was kindly given official permission to integrate the #NebraSkydisk in my artworks here.
Hence I have to emphasize that my artwork may ONLY be shared as per following license:
CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 DE
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/de/
I herewith explicitly send my thanks to the
STATE OFFICE FOR HERITAGE MANAGEMENT AND ARCHAEOLOGY
- THE STATE MUSEUM OF PREHISTORY IN HALLE / GERMANY -
and - as asked for - I will gladly send pictures of my design as well as badges and photos of #SpaceFestVI in Pasadena and #AlexTweetup in Baikonur to the Museum for its collection / exhibition.
It is my pleasure to share the #NebraSkydisk far beyond the borders of Germany - especially during events, which only can take place, because some people started documenting their night-sky-observations thousands of years ago.
#SpaceholixThenAndNow ;-)
Covered below is an overview of all the details embodied in my #AlexTweetup mission logo
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#AlexTweetup
- Facebook group for all #SpaceTweeps interested in the trip to the launch of Alexander Gerst on 28. May 2014
www.facebook.com/groups/AlexanderTweetup/
Baikonur * May 26th - 30th 2014
- Travel period for #AlexTweetup in Baikonur
www.dlr.de/dlr/presse/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-10308/471...
BLUE DOT
- Mission name of Alexander Gerst
blogs.esa.int/alexander-gerst/
XL
- Mission no. 40 - in roman numerals
THEN + NOW
- Connection between space exploration THEN #NebraSkydisk (dated about 3.600 years ago in Germany) and NOW (#BlueDot mission of German astronaut Alexander Gerst)
WISEMAN * GERST * SURAJEW
- names of the international crew of mission no. 40
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expedition_40
SHAPING THE FUTURE ...
Mission theme of Alexander Gerst's mission #BlueDot
www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Human_Spaceflight/Astronauts/A...
... IN LEO
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low_Earth_orbit
- Abbreviation LEO #LowEarthOrbit - the home of #ISS
CONSTELLATIONS:
LEO
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_(constellation)
- reflecting LowEarthOrbit - the orbit of #ISS
DRACO
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Draco_(constellation)
- representing #DRAGON - the partially reusable spacecraft developed by @SpaceX, which has docked to #ISS already several times and will deliver cargo regularly.
We enjoyed seeing the capsule used during the maiden flight in Florida at SpaceX Launch Control Center during an event before the #NASATweetup for #STS135
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Draco_(rocket_engine)
- also representing #PinkLittleDragon - the travel buddy of #The2AndAHalfSpaceTweeps @LightspeedLeo @4tuneQkie and @travelholic ( avoving @Spaceholix ) and our #SpaceMascot.
This #VIP #VeryInspiringPinkLittleDragon is traveling all around the world with us and he already has attended several great #SpaceTweetup and #ScienceTweetup events organized by @NASA @DLR_de @ESA @CERN @Helmholtz_de as well as #ASE26 #SpaceFestV and #SpaceFestVI
and he has already met many of the most inspiring #SpaceExplorers and #Astronauts from the #Mercury and #Apollo era - till today, as well as #scientists @MeteoriteMen #CometHunters ...
SWAN
- representing the footprint / autograph of our dear friend and great #SpaceMascot and #VIP #VeryIntelligentPoultry:
@CamillaSpace is encouraging not only children of all ages to ask questions about the Sun and space and she was planned to be part of this mission accompanying NASA astronaut @astro_reid on his trip to #ISS.
Her footprint is heading from the Swiss flag (home country of Camilla's "executive secretary" Romeo Durscher ( about.me/romeoch ) to the US flag via #ISS
www.wired.com/2012/11/camilla-nasa-rubber-chicken/
XXVIII
V
MMXIV
- 28. 05. 2014 = launch date of mission 40 in roman numerals stylised in shape of ISS
* “ @ “ AND “ # “
- reflecting the tools of the peer-to-peer connection of astronauts @Astro_Alex and @astro_reid and many others with #SpaceTweeps and future space enthusiasts, who will further spread news about the adventures all around the world via social media channels, e.g. @twitter, Facebook, Google+ and others.
16 FLAGS
www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/structure/elements/par...
- representing all current international partners and participants cooperating on #ISS – the most ambitious international collaboration ever
which -in my eyes- really would be worthy of the nobel peace prize www.spacesafetymagazine.com/iss-nobel-peace-prize/
Between the flags I left additional room for more countries to join that global project in the near future.
Especially in difficult political times like today this cooperation hopefully will enable our world to grow together more closely step by step.
Now we are looking forward to this trip and are curious how everything will work out.
This definitely is a very adventurous trip and if someone had told me 5 years ago, when we met that guy in blue for the very first time that we would be going to KAZAKHSTAN half a decade later to see HIS launch, I would NEVER EVER have believed it.
It seems our lives as #Spaceholix have many surprises in store for us ;-)
If YOU want to know more about all this, just follow the hashtag of our group:
#AlexTweetup
;-)
Distributing prizes and awards to winners at the annual function of ECB.
Invited to deliver talks at Rajasthan’s largest and most prestigious engineering college which is spread across 337 acres: the Engineering College of Bikaner (ECB) www.ecb.ac.in/.
ECB has around 6,000 students enrolled on its campus, out of which around 2,500 alone are in IT and Computer Science courses.
Delivered two talks on Linux and Free & Open Source Software (FOSS): ‘How to Avoid the Axe Effect’; and ‘How to Make a Dent in the Universe’. The talks were delivered at the ‘FOSS GN09 event’ which was cleverly dove-tailed with the college’s yearly techfest mega-event, called ‘Sakshama’. An ancient Sanskrit word, ‘Sakshama’ means ‘skilled; competent; adept’. The 2009 incarnation of the event, held from 28th to 31st October, was called ‘Sakshama GN09’, to highlight ‘Generation Next’. www.sakshama.org.
And what a Generation Next! They also sought my help and mentoring in launching their own on-campus Linux Users Group (LUG), www.lugb.in. Am quite impressed with their active mailing-lists and outreach activities. These guys and gals are rocking! Together with its founders, we launched LUG-Bikaner at the ‘Sakshama GN09’ event-night, on an outdoor stage in front of an audience of over 2,500.
ECB has around 1,200 computers on-campus, and with the personal laptops and desktops of students, totals at around 4,000 PCs. Till date, LUG-Bikaner has migrated over 500 computers to Linux, and still counting. Plus, they also reach out to other colleges and institutions within Rajasthan to spread the awareness of this ‘muft and mukt’ vision of computing. After all, who can understand freedom better than the royal state of Rajasthan in India?
1 Service Battalion (1 SVC BN) members distribute essential supplies like food, water, fuel and other necessities during a distribution point during Exercise MAPLE RESOLVE 2021 at 3rd Canadian Division Support Base (3 CDSB) Garrison Wainwright, May 2, 2021.
From May 1 to 11, 2021, about 2500 Canadian Armed Forces members are participating in Exercise MAPLE RESOLVE 21 in Wainwright, AB. As the premier annual Canadian Army field training event, Ex MAPLE RESOLVE tests soldier’s abilities within a realistic, complex and challenging environment.
Du 1er au 11 mai 2021, environ 2 500 membres des forces armées canadiennes participent à l’exercise MAPLE RESOLVE 21 à Wainwright, en Alberta. Ent ant que principal événement d’entraînment annuel sur la terrain de l’Armée canadienne, l’exercise MAPLE RESOLVE teste les capacités des soldats dans un environnement de combat réaliste, complexe et stimulant.
20210502VCK0013D007
Photo: Corporal Doug Burke, CAF Photo - Visual Communications Support / OPTIC
#OnceUponATime
In spring 2013 I organized #SpaceBembel, a #SpaceSocial where a group of #SpaceTweeps got together again to share some space fun in Frankfurt.
As one of my mottos is "no #SpaceTweetup without a proper badge" I designed one and distributed it to all participants.
What I had started back then became kind of a tradition in the meantime:
Inspired by several #Space- and #ScienceTweetups I painted logos for every event I attended,
got them printed on badges for all, as well as thank-you posters, t-shirts, etc. as memento of our shared adventures.
And 2013 has been quite a ride :-)
#SpaceBembel *
#ASE26 *
#BuraMooN 1 & 2 * #SpaceKoelschX * #CERNTweetup * #ItIsStonehengeReunionOClock * #ScienceTweetup
And 2014 is also amazing already:
I already created designs for #SpaceFestVI and #AlexTweetup taking place in May
and @SpaceUpUK in July 2014.
I am very much looking forward to sharing these events with so many friends from all over the world.
More to come ;-)
www.flickr.com/photos/spaceholix/collections/721576354819...
So #AlexTweetup is about our trip to Baikonur shared by 16 dedicated #SpaceTweeps and two #SpaceMascots named #PinkLittleDragon and @CamillaSpace.
All of us will share this unique adventure of witnessing the Soyuz launch of our German astronaut Alexander Gerst ( #FF @Astro_Alex ) to #ISS on 28. May 2014 via Twitter, Facebook and other social media channels.
Here is the collection of my brainstorming and the design process as well as many pictures of the past 5 years, from the day at #TdLR09, where we "met" Alexander Gerst and the other #shenanigans for the very first (but not the last) time, shortly after their assignments for a trip to #ISS.
Oh yes, there was a time before twitter and other social media ;-)
www.flickr.com/photos/spaceholix/sets/72157644182872632/
My latest design features the #NebraSkydisk - one of the most beautiful and most fascinating archeological and astronomical artefacts ever found - until today.
This is the oldest-known illustration of our cosmos so far, with an estimated age of 3600 years (!!!), the earliest known diagram of the heavens, which makes it one or may be THE most important archaeological discovery of the twenty-first century.
It was discovered by treasure hunters on July 4th 1999 near the city of Nebra in Germany and since then fascinates not only the experts as its history is really exciting from then till now.
www.dailymotion.com/video/x1a45jq_the-nebra-sky-disc-anci...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebra_sky_disk
www.bibliotecapleyades.net/arqueologia/nebra_disk.htm
I fell in love with this beauty as soon as I saw it the very first time several years ago.
And I always wanted to paint it one day!
So what better match could there be than combining this masterpiece -created by stargazers thousands of years ago, who loved observing (and already started understanding) our night sky- with two fantastic #SpaceEvents in May 2014.
#SpaceFestVI in Pasadena ( www.spacefest.info/VI/brochure.html ), THE #SpaceEvent of the year, where many astronauts of the dawning of space exploration did reunite and inspire all of us
and then -end of May- our #AlexTweetup - where we celebrate the launch of @esa astronaut Alexander Gerst, whose mission name is #TheBlueDot (!!!).
Both events bring people together (again), who travel all around the world to share their love of space and our beautiful blue marble …
And I am really honored that sharing my badges and designs with so many #SpaceTweeps AND astronauts of the very first era of space exploration until today made so many people smile again. And these smiles seem to be contagious ;-D
I cannot really explain it, there simply is this very special close link between us.
NOTE:
#NebraSkyDisk is under the copyright of the Landesamt für Denkmalpflege und Archäologie Sachsen-Anhalt
- Landesmuseum für Vorgeschichte -
www.lda-lsa.de/en/nebra_sky_disc/
As my design project is an artistic realization for two private travel groups, I was kindly given official permission to integrate the #NebraSkydisk in my artworks here.
Hence I have to emphasize that my artwork may ONLY be shared as per following license:
CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 DE
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/de/
I herewith explicitly send my thanks to the
STATE OFFICE FOR HERITAGE MANAGEMENT AND ARCHAEOLOGY
- THE STATE MUSEUM OF PREHISTORY IN HALLE / GERMANY -
and - as asked for - I will gladly send pictures of my design as well as badges and photos of #SpaceFestVI in Pasadena and #AlexTweetup in Baikonur to the Museum for its collection / exhibition.
It is my pleasure to share the #NebraSkydisk far beyond the borders of Germany - especially during events, which only can take place, because some people started documenting their night-sky-observations thousands of years ago.
#SpaceholixThenAndNow ;-)
Covered below is an overview of all the details embodied in my #AlexTweetup mission logo
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#AlexTweetup
- Facebook group for all #SpaceTweeps interested in the trip to the launch of Alexander Gerst on 28. May 2014
www.facebook.com/groups/AlexanderTweetup/
Baikonur * May 26th - 30th 2014
- Travel period for #AlexTweetup in Baikonur
www.dlr.de/dlr/presse/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-10308/471...
BLUE DOT
- Mission name of Alexander Gerst
blogs.esa.int/alexander-gerst/
XL
- Mission no. 40 - in roman numerals
THEN + NOW
- Connection between space exploration THEN #NebraSkydisk (dated about 3.600 years ago in Germany) and NOW (#BlueDot mission of German astronaut Alexander Gerst)
WISEMAN * GERST * SURAJEW
- names of the international crew of mission no. 40
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expedition_40
SHAPING THE FUTURE ...
Mission theme of Alexander Gerst's mission #BlueDot
www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Human_Spaceflight/Astronauts/A...
... IN LEO
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low_Earth_orbit
- Abbreviation LEO #LowEarthOrbit - the home of #ISS
CONSTELLATIONS:
LEO
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_(constellation)
- reflecting LowEarthOrbit - the orbit of #ISS
DRACO
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Draco_(constellation)
- representing #DRAGON - the partially reusable spacecraft developed by @SpaceX, which has docked to #ISS already several times and will deliver cargo regularly.
We enjoyed seeing the capsule used during the maiden flight in Florida at SpaceX Launch Control Center during an event before the #NASATweetup for #STS135
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Draco_(rocket_engine)
- also representing #PinkLittleDragon - the travel buddy of #The2AndAHalfSpaceTweeps @LightspeedLeo @4tuneQkie and @travelholic ( avoving @Spaceholix ) and our #SpaceMascot.
This #VIP #VeryInspiringPinkLittleDragon is traveling all around the world with us and he already has attended several great #SpaceTweetup and #ScienceTweetup events organized by @NASA @DLR_de @ESA @CERN @Helmholtz_de as well as #ASE26 #SpaceFestV and #SpaceFestVI
and he has already met many of the most inspiring #SpaceExplorers and #Astronauts from the #Mercury and #Apollo era - till today, as well as #scientists @MeteoriteMen #CometHunters ...
SWAN
- representing the footprint / autograph of our dear friend and great #SpaceMascot and #VIP #VeryIntelligentPoultry:
@CamillaSpace is encouraging not only children of all ages to ask questions about the Sun and space and she was planned to be part of this mission accompanying NASA astronaut @astro_reid on his trip to #ISS.
Her footprint is heading from the Swiss flag (home country of Camilla's "executive secretary" Romeo Durscher ( about.me/romeoch ) to the US flag via #ISS
www.wired.com/2012/11/camilla-nasa-rubber-chicken/
XXVIII
V
MMXIV
- 28. 05. 2014 = launch date of mission 40 in roman numerals stylised in shape of ISS
* “ @ “ AND “ # “
- reflecting the tools of the peer-to-peer connection of astronauts @Astro_Alex and @astro_reid and many others with #SpaceTweeps and future space enthusiasts, who will further spread news about the adventures all around the world via social media channels, e.g. @twitter, Facebook, Google+ and others.
16 FLAGS
www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/structure/elements/par...
- representing all current international partners and participants cooperating on #ISS – the most ambitious international collaboration ever
which -in my eyes- really would be worthy of the nobel peace prize www.spacesafetymagazine.com/iss-nobel-peace-prize/
Between the flags I left additional room for more countries to join that global project in the near future.
Especially in difficult political times like today this cooperation hopefully will enable our world to grow together more closely step by step.
Now we are looking forward to this trip and are curious how everything will work out.
This definitely is a very adventurous trip and if someone had told me 5 years ago, when we met that guy in blue for the very first time that we would be going to KAZAKHSTAN half a decade later to see HIS launch, I would NEVER EVER have believed it.
It seems our lives as #Spaceholix have many surprises in store for us ;-)
If YOU want to know more about all this, just follow the hashtag of our group:
#AlexTweetup
;-)
Santa distributing all the Christmas presents & goodies on Christmas Eve. Fun times! This was at my family's annual Christmas gathering at my cousin Melinda's place in Stockton, CA. Wishing everyone a very Merry Christmas and a safe new year! (Friday evening, December 24, 2021)
*“Christmas means fellowship, feasting, giving and receiving, a time of good cheer, home.” — WJ Tucker.
Save the Children distribute packs which include plastic sheeting and utensils.
DFID's humanitarian expert Henry Donati who took the photo says: "The packs are only being distributed to people whose houses were partially or fully destroyed, but in Tanza this is almost 90%. People's livelihoods have been literally shattered as fishing boats were wrecked by the typhoon, coconut trees felled, crops decimated or ruined by salination from the storm surge."
The UK government is directly supporting Save the Children’s response in the Philippines through the Rapid Response Facility.
Read more from Henry's experience in the Philippines in his blog: blogs.dfid.gov.uk/2013/11/typhoon-haiyan-12-days-on-in-th...
Picture: Henry Donati/DFID.
Get the latest updates on how the UK is helping respond to Typhoon Haiyan:
www.gov.uk/government/news/typhoon-haiyan-latest-updates-...
Village Maheshpur, Balrampur Block, Dist, Surguja, Chhattisgarh, INDIA. .Sarita Roshtamb, Sahyogi (Supportive) Mother, helps child to wash his hand before distribute them mid-day meal at Fulwari (Day care Centre for children and pregnant women). To address malnutrition among adivasi population in Sarguja district in Chhattisgarh, the district administration partnered with the gram panchayat (local self-government) and State Health Systems Resource Centre (an autonomous body of the Department of Health and Family Welfare) to start community-managed crèches in the district for children aged 6-36 months to provide two hot cooked meals daily to the children as well as pregnant women and breastfeeding mothers of infants aged 0-6 months. Locally called fulwaris, the formation and functioning of community crèches rest on community participation. The community also decides the place for setting up the fulwari, which is usually part of a house of a resident, voluntarily given for this purpose. Fulwaris are manned and managed by a group of mothers whose children attend the crèche, supported by the mitanin, who plays a crucial role in bringing the group of mothers together. UNICEF India/2014/Dhiraj Singh...
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tea-distributer, resting on the edge of the road with the lower dhankar town in the backdrop. during this celebration of buddha jayanti, food and tea were freely distributed among the people, as they had come from every corner of spiti and beyond.
there are few home stays available down there, but carrying camera or luggage down the sandy sedimentary slope of this mountain was very scary, hence we had to drop the idea of staying there. there are few more high up in the upper town by the nono's palace but again we avoided that too, to avoid any excess physical strain that might ignite acute mountain sickness ams.
see my other tea or drinks related images @ fiveprime.org/flickr_hvmnd.cgi?search_type=Tags&photo...
This undated picture has on the back the words: "Distributing mussels at the foot of Arbroath High Street," The mussels would have been for baiting the hooks.
The barn owl (Tyto alba) is the most widely distributed species of owl and one of the most widespread of all birds. It is also referred to as the common barn owl, to distinguish it from other species in its family, Tytonidae, which forms one of the two main lineages of living owls, the other being the typical owls (Strigidae). The barn owl is found almost everywhere in the world except polar and desert regions, Asia north of the Himalayas, most of Indonesia, and some Pacific islands.
Stanley Harold `Wacky' Arnolt made a small fortune selling engines and other equipment to the armed forces during World War Two. A former mechanical engineering graduate from the University of Wisconsin and lifelong petrolhead, he set up S.H. Arnolt Inc in Chicago during the late 1940s to distribute MGs and other European imports. A visitor to the 1952 Turin Salon, Arnolt came across a MG TD-based coupe and convertible on the Bertone stand. Smitten by the Italian carrozzeria's work he promptly ordered 100 of each which left Nuccio Bertone somewhat flabbergasted. Production of the Arnolt MG began shortly thereafter and things went well until after about 100 cars had been made MG announced that it could no longer supply powered chassis to Bertone. However, by then Arnolt had invested heavily in Bertone's assembly capabilities and even become one of the Turin firm's directors. After a brief dalliance with Aston Martin, the American entrepreneur successfully negotiated the purchase of 200 404-series chassis and tuned 1971cc engines from Bristol Cars Ltd. Charged with styling the nascent Arnolt Bristol was new Bertone designer / aerodynamicist Franco Scaglione (who would go on to create the famous Alfa Romeo B.A.T. concept cars). To distract the eye from the engine's height (a corollary of its triple Solex downdraught carburetors) and the box-section chassis' compact 96-inch wheelbase, Scaglione clothed the two-seater with a mixture of swooping curves and sharp edges.
Predominantly bodied in steel with an aluminium bonnet and boot, the Arnolt Bristol could be had in roadster or coupe guises (though, just six of the latter were built). However, the roadster was sub-divided into three distinct specifications namely: Competition (pared back racer), Bolide (marginally more civilized) and DeLuxe (full-height windscreen, side windows, convertible roof, glovebox etc). Benefiting from independent transverse-leaf front suspension, a well-located `live' rear axe (via longitudinal torsion bars) and four-wheel drum brakes, the model became renowned for its fine roadholding and balance. Typically developing 130bhp @ 5,500rpm on a 9:1 compression ratio, the Bristol BS1 MKII straight-six was allied to four-speed manual transmission. After testing an Arnolt Bristol in February 1956, Road & Track magazine announced the figures it set (0-60mph in 10.1 seconds and 107mph) were "the best we have ever recorded for a two-litre machine". Leaving the Bristol factory as a powered chassis, each car was then bodied at Bertone before arriving at the Arnolt factory where the finishing touches were applied. Predictably expensive given that it was effectively hand-built across two continents, the sports car could also be had with a variety of options including: a front anti-roll bar, remote shifter, Alfin brake drums, convertible top, bumpers, Borrani KO steel wheels and different back axle ratios etc, while disc brakes were often retro-fitted during the 1960s.
With its low kerb weight (circa 990kg), punchy engine and progressive handling, the model had obvious potential as a racer. Assembling a team of special lightweight cars for the 1955 Sebring 12-hours, Arnolt was rewarded with a 1st, 2nd and 4th finish in the Sports 2000 class. The following year his cars took 2nd and 3rd in class. While in 1957, the Works team withdrew after a fatal accident involving driver Bob Goldich but a privateer Arnolt-Bristol claimed 5th in class. The marque's final class win came during 1960 when the team crossed the line in 14th, 22nd and 39th places overall. Although, no longer competitive in international events, Arnolt Bristols continued racking up SCCA class wins until well into the 1960s. Interestingly, `Wacky' Arnolt entered an Arnolt Bristol Bolide for himself to drive on the 1955 Mille Miglia but never made it to the start line. Built between January 1953 and December 1959, just 142 Arnolt Bristols of all types are thought to have been made. A factory fire resulted in a dozen cars being written off (though, some are thought to have been bought back by the Arnolt company to use as spares). Thus, the best current guess is that something like 85 cars have survived. `Wacky' Arnolt died in 1960 which signalled the beginning of the end for the company that bore his name. His cars, however, live on enjoying a legacy that has little to do with their meagre production numbers but a lot to do with their competition pedigree and outlandish looks.
The well-known American Bristol restorer Mike DiCola has been keeping tabs on numerous Arnolt Bristols since the 1970s and it was he who told the vendor that this particular left-hand drive example - chassis 404/X/3097 - was supplied new to the Governor of Chiapos (Mexico), Efrain Aranda Osorio. Thereafter, the DeLuxe roadster is thought to have migrated to Guatemala before returning to the United States during 1973. Reportedly dry stored for almost three decades, the two-seater was something of a 'barn find' project by the time it arrived in the UK circa 2002. Although rather dilapidated, the non-running Arnolt Bristol was found to pleasingly retain its factory-fitted: chassis, body, engine, gearbox and back axle. Furthermore the presence of the original hood, sidescreens and tyres plus the lack of wear evident when various mechanical assemblies were stripped down led the vendor to conclude that the 7,500 miles shown on its odometer represented the total covered from new. The subject of a leisurely but thorough restoration, chassis 404/X/3097 was UK road registered as '518 XUN' on September 1st 2008. Finished in Sage Green metallic with green leather upholstery, the two-seater is described by the vendor as being in "excellent" condition with regard to its bodywork, paintwork and interior trim, while he rates the engine, gearbox and electrical equipment as "all good". Eligible for a host of prestigious events Europe wide, we are informed that the DeLuxe roadster was invited to Goodwood this year.
The patas monkey is a ground-dwelling monkey distributed over semi-arid areas of West Africa, and into East Africa. The patas monkey grows to 33 in in length, excluding the tail, which measures 30 in. Adult males are considerably larger than adult females. Reaching speeds of 34 mph, it is the fastest runner among the primates.
The patas monkey lives in multi-female groups of up to 60 individuals (although much larger aggregations have been reported).
Pictures taken at Woburn Safari park.
Woburn Safari Park was first opened in 1970, established by the 13th Duke of Bedford and Jimmy Chipperfield on the grounds of his estate, Woburn Abbey.
The park lets animals roam freely while visitors drive through their enclosures. The species held in the park include Southern White Rhino, Elands, Scimitar Horned Oryx, Addax, Gemsbok, Ankoles, Zebras, African Wild Asses, Asian Elephants, Bactrian Camels, North American Bisons, Rothschild’s Giraffe, Eastern Mountain Bongo, African Lions, Amur Tiger. Pere David's Deer, Canadian Timber Wolves, Black Bears, Patas Monkeys and Barbary Monkeys.
The park also a foot safari section. Animals in the leisure park include lemurs, squirrel monkeys, wallabies, emus, penguins, goats, ponies, otters, reptiles, sea lion, red panda and marmosets. There are also talks and displays given by keepers.
Werewolf Universal Monster Animated Halloween Figure by Telco, distributed in USA by SunHill, re-design Circa 1991-1992 by MiMo, Mike Mozart.
MiMo Mike Mozart created thousands of commercial products, books toys and infomercial items, with many signed Michael Wolfe! An adaptation of his real name Wolfgang Mikyáll Mozart often shortened to Wolf or Wolfie
A long and successful career, with his first children’s book sold at age 15 which continues to this day at age 60!
In the early 1980’s, MiMo, Mike Mozart, Co-hosted with TX Critter ( that developed into ALF), the classic KidsTime Express on UHF Channel 20, WTXX Waterbury CT TV Show. Paul Fusco, the original puppeteer and creator of the show went on to create the character and TV Show ALF!
Illustrated over 100 Childrens books, many licensed Walt Disney, Muppets, Looney Toons, Ninja Turtles, Uncle Scrooge McDuck and More!
Created thousands of Holiday and Seasonal
Products, many featuring the pantheon of Walt Disneys top licensed characters! Known for the exceptional designs of season Nutcrackers and sweeping product lines for major Retailers for Horizon’s East. And Christmas, Easter-and Halloween licensed character products for SunHill Industries. Massive product lines featuring the Mickey Mouse line of Basic Characters, Mickey, Minnie, Goofy, Pluto Donald Duck and Daisy Duck.
Disney’s Ducktales
Disney’s the Little Mermaid
Disney’s Aladdin
Disney’s Beauty and the Beast
Disney’s, Bambi
Disney’s Hunchback of Notre Dame
Disney’s 100 Dalmatians
Disney’s Chip and Dale Rescue Rangers
Also:
The Flintstones
Teletubbies
Looney Tunes
Crayola
Scooby Doo
The M&Ms Character Family
Universal Monsters
Assisted and wrote gags for top Newspaper comic strip cartoonists throughout the 1980’s, including Bob Weber of Moose and Molly fame, Guy Gilchrist artist of the Muppets Comic Strips, Jerry Marcus of the strip Trudy, Dik Brown of Hagar the Horrible and Hi and Lois, Orlando Busino of Gus, and many more!
A continuing Voice over talent for imported Japanese cartoons, TV Commercials and seasonal animated an sound products for Halloween and Christmas!
Appeared live on QVC and HSN for over a decade live presenting products of his invention and design. Created top selling infomercial items in the 1980’s and 1990’s!
Notable lawn and garden products, tools and household products.
Was a Top Twenty All Time Most viewed and Subscribed for the first 7 years of YouTube garnering more than a Half Billion Views! Many on TheToyChannel and Jeepersmedia on YouTube!
More Recently, A known fine artist having been the Ghost Artist Designer and Mentor to Alec Monopoly.
* My Twitch:
twitch.tv/MikeMozartJeepersmedia
* My TikTok:
* www.tiktok.com/@mimomikemozart
* My Discord:
Real Mike Mozart#4030
* My YouTube
youtube.com/Jeepersmedia
youtube.com/TheToyChannel
youtube.com/MikeMozart
* My Instagram
instagram.com/MikeMozart
* My Twitter
twitter.com/jeepersmedia
* My Creative Commons Flickr
Flickr.com/Jeepersmedia
The Mediterranean Fruitflies Pupae are distributed at the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service’s (APHIS) Sarasota Sterile Insect Rearing Facility, April 17, 2019, in Sarasota, Fla., where they process 100,000,000 flies a week.
Plant Protection and Quarantine releases sterile adult Medflies over the highest-risk urban areas of the state (approximately 633 square miles) in Hillsborough, Miami-Dade, Palm Beach and Broward Counties. The target release rate is 125,000 flies/square mile/week. One-hundred million irradiated pupae are received weekly from Guatemala, eclosed at the Sterile Insect Release Facility (SIRF), and released by airplane from an altitude of 1600-2000 feet. These pupae are temperature-sensitive lethal (tsl) strain, rendering the flies released 99.8% male.
New Sterile Insect Release Facility in Sarasota, FL: This facility supports the Medfly Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) Preventive Release Program (PRP), and is the work unit for 24 personnel. The Sarasota PRP was initiated in 2002 in an old ice cream factory, but due to the need to replace the existing aging SIRF, solicitations for a new facility (~30,000 square feet) began in spring 2015 and a lease was awarded in fall 2015 for a new facility located north of the Sarasota-Bradenton International Airport. Ground-breaking for this facility took place in November 2016 and USDA accepted the building on July 23, 2018. This is the first time a facility like this has been built in the continental U.S. The objective is to facilitate and improve efficiency and effectiveness of the program for years to come.
USDA Photo by Preston Keres
Brochure distributed around the Dandenong rail corridor for the Andrews Government's level crossing removal program which was part of its election campaign in the November 2014 election
The previous Liberal government had funded a number of crossing removals now underway with a separate package for the Dandenong Line with crossings at Centre Road and Clayton Road in Clayton to go, along with crossings at Carnegie and Murrumbeena. The project was cancelled - labelled a 'con' by Andrews, and a new one initiated which will see the remaining five go as well.
It should be noted here that the treatment now is to locally lower the rail line under the road by default at individual locations rather than regrading large sections or moving the road where it may also be possible. The cost for one location is now in the range of $150 - $200 million with a station rebuild and associated civil works with the government planning to grade separate 50 such locations around Melbourne - all somehow funded by state money alone.
With the cancellation of East West toll road between the Eastern Freeway and CityLink and little construction work in Melbourne at the time of this posting, the Andrews Government has now re-branded the crossing removals as a major project with a 'Level Crossing Removal Authority' (LXRA) to oversee it. The other major project in the pipeline is the Melbourne Metro which will not start construction for some time yet. Other projects to start include widening of the Tullarmarine Freeway and a proposal for a port connection to the already-busy West Gate Freeway as a replacement for East West - first mooted under the Brumby Labor Government's Eddington Transport Plan.
Level crossing removals were done at numerous locations around Melbourne in the 1960's and early 70's before a hiatus of work in the 1980's and 90's (freeway building in Melbourne also went quiet in the 1980s before resuming in the 1990's). Significantly increased rail patronage in recent years meant increased services which have resulted in boom gates down for lengthy periods of time on some lines - particularly on the busy Dandenong Corridor.
The image on this page is of a a Melbourne Comeng set at Murrumbeena station viewed from the footbridge (see map tag) refurbished by EDi Rail which was operated by M>Train when the Melbourne network was split into two private operators. Thanks to Vax80 for the brochure.
FAO distributed fresh foods to 2 000 households in New Stadium camp in Maiduguri.
Read more about FAO and the Lake Chad Basin crisis.
Photo credit must be given: ©FAO/Patrina Pink. Editorial use only. Copyright FAO
The geothermal areas of Yellowstone include several geyser basins in Yellowstone National Park as well as other geothermal features such as hot springs, mud pots, and fumaroles. The number of thermal features in Yellowstone is estimated at 10,000. A study that was completed in 2011 found that a total of 1,283 geysers have erupted in Yellowstone, 465 of which are active during an average year. These are distributed among nine geyser basins, with a few geysers found in smaller thermal areas throughout the Park. The number of geysers in each geyser basin are as follows: Upper Geyser Basin (410), Midway Geyser Basin (59), Lower Geyser Basin (283), Norris Geyser Basin (193), West Thumb Geyser Basin (84), Gibbon Geyser Basin (24), Lone Star Geyser Basin (21), Shoshone Geyser Basin (107), Heart Lake Geyser Basin (69), other areas (33). Although famous large geysers like Old Faithful are part of the total, most of Yellowstone's geysers are small, erupting to only a foot or two. The hydrothermal system that supplies the geysers with hot water sits within an ancient active caldera. Many of the thermal features in Yellowstone build up sinter, geyserite, or travertine deposits around and within them.
The various geyser basins are located where rainwater and snowmelt can percolate into the ground, get indirectly superheated by the underlying Yellowstone hotspot, and then erupt at the surface as geysers, hot springs, and fumaroles. Thus flat-bottomed valleys between ancient lava flows and glacial moraines are where most of the large geothermal areas are located. Smaller geothermal areas can be found where fault lines reach the surface, in places along the circular fracture zone around the caldera, and at the base of slopes that collect excess groundwater. Due to the Yellowstone Plateau's high elevation the average boiling temperature at Yellowstone's geyser basins is 199 °F (93 °C). When properly confined and close to the surface it can periodically release some of the built-up pressure in eruptions of hot water and steam that can reach up to 390 feet (120 m) into the air (see Steamboat Geyser, the world's tallest geyser). Water erupting from Yellowstone's geysers is superheated above that boiling point to an average of 204 °F (95.5 °C) as it leaves the vent. The water cools significantly while airborne and is no longer scalding hot by the time it strikes the ground, nearby boardwalks, or even spectators. Because of the high temperatures of the water in the features it is important that spectators remain on the boardwalks and designated trails. Several deaths have occurred in the park as a result of falls into hot springs.
Prehistoric Native American artifacts have been found at Mammoth Hot Springs and other geothermal areas in Yellowstone. Some accounts state that the early people used hot water from the geothermal features for bathing and cooking. In the 19th century Father Pierre-Jean De Smet reported that natives he interviewed thought that geyser eruptions were "the result of combat between the infernal spirits". The Lewis and Clark Expedition traveled north of the Yellowstone area in 1806. Local natives that they came upon seldom dared to enter what we now know is the caldera because of frequent loud noises that sounded like thunder and the belief that the spirits that possessed the area did not like human intrusion into their realm. The first white man known to travel into the caldera and see the geothermal features was John Colter, who had left the Lewis and Clark Expedition. He described what he saw as "hot spring brimstone". Beaver trapper Joseph Meek recounted in 1830 that the steam rising from the various geyser basins reminded him of smoke coming from industrial smokestacks on a cold winter morning in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. In the 1850s famed trapper Jim Bridger called it "the place where Hell bubbled up".
The heat that drives geothermal activity in the Yellowstone area comes from brine (salty water) that is 1.5–3 miles (7,900–15,800 ft; 2,400–4,800 m) below the surface. This is actually below the solid volcanic rock and sediment that extends to a depth of 3,000 to 6,000 feet (900 to 1,800 m) and is inside the hot but mostly solid part of the pluton that contains Yellowstone's magma chamber. At that depth the brine is superheated to temperatures that exceed 400 °F (204 °C) but is able to remain a liquid because it is under great pressure (like a huge pressure cooker).
Convection of the churning brine and conduction from surrounding rock transfers heat to an overlaying layer of fresh groundwater. Movement of the two liquids is facilitated by the highly fractured and porous nature of the rocks under the Yellowstone Plateau. Some silica is dissolved from the fractured rhyolite into the hot water as it travels through the fractured rock. Part of this hard mineral is later redeposited on the walls of the cracks and fissures to make a nearly pressure-tight system. Silica precipitates at the surface to form either geyserite or sinter, creating the massive geyser cones, the scalloped edges of hot springs, and the seemingly barren landscape of geyser basins.
There are at least five types of geothermal features found at Yellowstone:
Fumaroles: Fumaroles, or steam vents, are the hottest hydrothermal features in the park. They have so little water that it all flashes into steam before reaching the surface. At places like Roaring Mountain, the result is loud hissing of steam and gases.
Geysers: Geysers such as Old Faithful are a type of geothermal feature that periodically erupt scalding hot water. Increased pressure exerted by the enormous weight of the overlying rock and water prevents deeper water from boiling. As the hot water rises it is under less pressure and steam bubbles form. They, in turn, expand on their ascent until the bubbles are too big and numerous to pass freely through constrictions. At a critical point the confined bubbles actually lift the water above, causing the geyser to splash or overflow. This decreases the pressure of the system and violent boiling results. Large quantities of water flash into tremendous amounts of steam that force a jet of water out of the vent: an eruption begins. Water (and heat) is expelled faster than the geyser's recharge rate, gradually decreasing the system's pressure and eventually ending the eruption.
Hot springs: Hot springs such as Grand Prismatic Spring are the most common hydrothermal features in the park. Their plumbing has no constrictions. Superheated water cools as it reaches the surface, sinks, and is replaced by hotter water from below. This circulation, called convection, prevents water from reaching the temperature needed to set off an eruption. Many hot springs give rise to streams of heated water.
Mudpots: Mudpots such as Fountain Paint Pots are acidic hot springs with a limited water supply. Some microorganisms use hydrogen sulfide (rotten egg smell), which rises from deep within the earth, as an energy source. They convert the gas into sulfuric acid, which breaks down rock into clay.
Travertine terraces: Travertine terraces, found at Mammoth Hot Springs, are formed from limestone (a rock type made of calcium carbonate). Thermal waters rise through the limestone, carrying high amounts of dissolved carbonate. Carbon dioxide is released at the surface and calcium carbonate deposited as travertine, the chalky white rock of the terraces. These features constantly and quickly change due to the rapid rate of deposition.
Geyser basins
The Norris Geyser Basin 44°43′43″N 110°42′16″W is the hottest geyser basin in the park and is located near the northwest edge of Yellowstone Caldera near Norris Junction and on the intersection of three major faults. The Norris-Mammoth Corridor is a fault that runs from Norris north through Mammoth to the Gardiner, Montana, area. The Hebgen Lake fault runs from northwest of West Yellowstone, Montana, to Norris. This fault experienced an earthquake in 1959 that measured 7.4 on the Richter scale (sources vary on exact magnitude between 7.1 and 7.8; see 1959 Hebgen Lake earthquake). Norris Geyser Basin is so hot and dynamic because these two faults intersect with the ring fracture zone that resulted from the creation of the Yellowstone Caldera of 640,000 years ago.
The Basin consists of three main areas: Porcelain Basin, Back Basin, and One Hundred Springs Plain. Unlike most of other geyser basins in the park, the waters from Norris are acidic rather than alkaline (for example, Echinus Geyser has a pH of ~3.5). The difference in pH allows for a different class of bacterial thermophiles to live at Norris, creating different color patterns in and around the Norris Basin waters.
The Ragged Hills that lie between Back Basin and One Hundred Springs Plain are thermally altered glacial kames. As glaciers receded the underlying thermal features began to express themselves once again, melting remnants of the ice and causing masses of debris to be dumped. These debris piles were then altered by steam and hot water flowing through them. Madison lies within the eroded stream channels cut through lava flows formed after the caldera eruption. The Gibbon Falls lies on the caldera boundary as does Virginia Cascades.
Algae on left bacteria on right at the intersection of flows from the Constant & Whirlgig Geysers at Norris Geyser Basin
The tallest active geyser in the world, Steamboat Geyser,[11] is located in Norris Basin. Unlike the slightly smaller but much more famous Old Faithful Geyser located in Upper Geyser Basin, Steamboat has an erratic and lengthy timetable between major eruptions. During major eruptions, which may be separated by intervals of more than a year (the longest recorded span between major eruptions was 50 years), Steamboat erupts over 300 feet (90 m) into the air. Steamboat does not lie dormant between eruptions, instead displaying minor eruptions of approximately 40 feet (12 m).
Norris Geyser Basin periodically undergoes a large-scale, basin-wide thermal disturbance lasting a few weeks. Water levels fluctuate, and temperatures, pH, colors, and eruptive patterns change throughout the basin. During a disturbance in 1985, Porkchop Geyser continually jetted steam and water; in 1989, the same geyser apparently clogged with silica and blew up, throwing rocks more than 200 feet (61 m). In 2003 a park ranger observed it bubbling heavily, the first such activity seen since 1991. Activity increased dramatically in mid-2003. Because of high ground temperatures and new features beside the trail much of Back Basin was closed until October. In 2004 the boardwalk was routed around the dangerous area and now leads behind Porkchop Geyser.
North of Norris, Roaring Mountain is a large, acidic hydrothermal area (solfatara) with many fumaroles. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the number, size, and power of the fumaroles were much greater than today. The fumaroles are most easily seen in the cooler, low-light conditions of morning and evening.
The Gibbon Geyser Basin 44°41′58″N 110°44′34″W includes several thermal areas in the vicinity of the Gibbon River between Gibbon Falls and Norris. The most accessible feature in the basin is Beryl Spring, with a small boardwalk right along the Grand Loop Road. Artists' Paintpots is a small hydrothermal area south of Norris Junction that includes colorful hot springs and two large mudpots.
The Monument Geyser Basin 44°41′03″N 110°45′14″W has no active geysers, but its 'monuments' are siliceous sinter deposits similar to the siliceous spires discovered on the floor of Yellowstone Lake. Scientists hypothesize that this basin's structures formed from a hot water system in a glacially dammed lake during the waning stages of the Pinedale Glaciation. The basin is on a ridge reached by a very steep one-mile (1.6 km) trail south of Artists' Paint Pots. Other areas of thermal activity in Gibbon Geyser Basin lie off-trail.
South of Norris along the rim of the caldera is the Upper Geyser Basin 44°27′52″N 110°49′45″W, which has the highest concentration of geothermal features in the park. This complement of features includes the most famous geyser in the park, Old Faithful Geyser, as well as four other predictable large geysers. One of these large geysers in the area is Castle Geyser which is about 1,400 feet (430 m) northwest of Old Faithful. Castle Geyser has an interval of approximately 13 hours between major eruptions, but is unpredictable after minor eruptions. The other three predictable geysers are Grand Geyser, Daisy Geyser, and Riverside Geyser. Biscuit Basin and Black Sand Basin are also within the boundaries of Upper Geyser Basin.
The hills surrounding Old Faithful and the Upper Geyser Basin are reminders of Quaternary rhyolitic lava flows. These flows, occurring long after the catastrophic eruption of 640,000 years ago, flowed across the landscape like stiff mounds of bread dough due to their high silica content.
Evidence of glacial activity is common, and it is one of the keys that allows geysers to exist. Glacier till deposits underlie the geyser basins providing storage areas for the water used in eruptions. Many landforms, such as Porcupine Hills north of Fountain Flats, are made up of glacial gravel and are reminders that 70,000 to 14,000 years ago, this area was buried under ice.
Signs of the forces of erosion can be seen everywhere, from runoff channels carved across the sinter in the geyser basins to the drainage created by the Firehole River. Mountain building is evident on the drive south of Old Faithful, toward Craig Pass. Here the Rocky Mountains reach a height of 8,262 feet (2,518 m), dividing the country into two distinct watersheds.
Midway Geyser Basin 44°31′04″N 110°49′56″W is much smaller than the other basins found alongside the Firehole River. Despite its small size, it contains two large features, the 200-by-300-foot-wide (60 by 90 m) Excelsior Geyser which pours over 4,000 U.S. gallons (15,000 L; 3,300 imp gal) per minute into the Firehole River. The largest hot spring in Yellowstone, the 370-foot-wide (110 m) and 121-foot-deep (37 m) Grand Prismatic Spring is found here. Also in the basin is Turquoise Pool and Opal Pool.
Lower Geyser Basin
Blue spring with steam rising from it; irregular blotches of red and orange residue are on the banks, along with dead tree trunks.
Silex Spring at Fountain Paint Pot
Farther north is the Lower Geyser Basin 44°32′58″N 110°50′09″W, which is the largest geyser basin in area, covering approximately 11 square miles. Due to its large size, it has a much less concentrated set of geothermal features, including Fountain Paint Pots. Fountain Paint Pots are mud pots, that is, a hot spring that contains boiling mud instead of water. The mud is produced by a higher acidity in the water which enables the spring to dissolve surrounding minerals to create an opaque, usually grey, mud. Also there is Firehole Spring, Celestine Pool, Leather Pool, Red Spouter, Jelly spring, and a number of fumaroles.
Geysers in Lower Geyser Basin include Great Fountain Geyser, whose eruptions reach 100 to 200 feet (30–61 m) in the air, while waves of water cascade down its sinter terraces., the Fountain group of Geysers (Clepsydra Geyser which erupts nearly continuously to heights of 45 feet (14 m), Fountain Geyser, Jelly Geyser, Jet Geyser, Morning Geyser, and Spasm Geyser), the Pink Cone group of geysers (Dilemma Geyser, Labial Geyser, Narcissus Geyser, Pink Geyser, and Pink Cone Geyser), the White Dome group of geysers (Crack Geyser, Gemini Geyser, Pebble Geyser, Rejuvenated Geyser, and White Dome Geyser), as well as Sizzler Geyser.
Clepsydra Geyser erupting. July 2019
Fountain Paint Pots
White Dome Geyser
West Thumb Geyser Basin
Several pools of blue water in ashen rock basin.
West Thumb Geyser Basin
Blackened basin with orange streaks; steam is rising from it with fir trees in the background.
Overflow areas of Silex springs
The West Thumb Geyser Basin 44°25′07″N 110°34′23″W, including Potts Basin to the north, is the largest geyser basin on the shores of Yellowstone Lake. The heat source of the thermal features in this location is thought to be relatively close to the surface, only 10,000 feet (3,000 m) down. West Thumb is about the same size as another famous volcanic caldera, Crater Lake in Oregon, but much smaller than the great Yellowstone Caldera which last erupted about 640,000 years ago. West Thumb is a caldera within a caldera.
West Thumb was created approximately 162,000 years ago when a magma chamber bulged up under the surface of the earth and subsequently cracked it along ring fracture zones. This in turn released the enclosed magma as lava and caused the surface above the emptied magma chamber to collapse. Water later filled the collapsed area of the caldera, forming an extension of Yellowstone Lake. This created the source of heat and water that feed the West Thumb Geyser Basin today.
The thermal features at West Thumb are not only found on the lake shore, but extend under the surface of the lake as well. Several underwater hydrothermal features were discovered in the early 1990s and can be seen as slick spots or slight bulges in the summer. During the winter, the underwater thermal features are visible as melt holes in the icy surface of the lake. The surrounding ice can reach three feet (one yard) in thickness.
Perhaps the most famous hydrothermal feature at West Thumb is a geyser on the lake shore known as Fishing Cone. Walter Trumbull of the 1870 Washburn-Langford-Doane Expedition described a unique event while a man was fishing adjacent to the cone: "...in swinging a trout ashore, it accidentally got off the hook and fell into the spring. For a moment it darted about with wonderful rapidity, as if seeking an outlet. Then it came to the top, dead, and literally boiled." Fishing Cone erupted frequently to the height of 40 feet (12 m) in 1919 and to lesser heights in 1939. One fisherman was badly burned in Fishing Cone in 1921. Fishing at the geyser is now prohibited.
Early visitors would arrive at West Thumb via stagecoach from the Old Faithful area. They had a choice of continuing on the stagecoach or boarding the steamship Zillah to continue the journey by water to Lake Hotel. The boat dock was located near the south end of the geyser basin near Lakeside Spring.
Backcountry Geyser Basins
The Heart Lake 44°18′00″N 110°30′56″W, Lone Star 44°24′50″N 110°49′04″W, and Shoshone Geyser Basins 44°21′16″N 110°47′57″W are located away from the road and require at least several miles of hiking to reach. These areas lack the boardwalks and other safety features of the developed areas. As falling into geothermal features can be fatal, it is usually advisable to visit these areas with an experienced guide or at the very least, travelers need to ensure they remain on well-marked trails.
The Heart Lake Geyser Basin contains several groups of geysers and deep blue hot springs near Heart Lake in the south-central portion of Yellowstone, southeast of most of the main geyser basins. Lying in the Snake River watershed east of Lewis Lake and south of Yellowstone Lake, Heart Lake was named sometime before 1871 for Hart Hunney, a hunter. Other explorers in the region incorrectly assumed that the lake's name was spelled 'heart' because of its shape. The Heart Lake Geyser Basin begins a couple miles from the lake and descends along Witch Creek to the lakeshore. Five groups of hydrothermal features comprise the basin, and all of them contain geysers, although some are dormant.
Between Shoshone Lake and Old Faithful is the Lone Star Geyser Basin, of which the primary feature is Lone Star Geyser, named for its isolation from the nearby geysers of the Upper Geyser Basin. The basin is reachable on foot or bicycle via a 3 mile road that is closed to vehicles.
The Shoshone Geyser Basin, reached by hiking or by boat, contains one of the highest concentrations of geysers in the world – more than 80 in an area 1,600 by 800 feet (490 by 240 m). Hot springs and mudpots dot the landscape between the geyser basin and Shoshone Lake.
Hot Spring Basin is located 15 miles (24 km) north-northeast of Fishing Bridge and has one of Yellowstone's largest collections of hot springs and fumaroles. The geothermal features there release large amounts of sulfur. This makes water from the springs so acidic that it has dissolved holes in the pants of people who sit on wet ground and causes mounds of sulfur three feet (1 m) high to develop around fumaroles. The very hot acidic water and steam have also created voids in the ground that are only covered by a thin crust.
Mammoth Hot Springs is a large complex of hot springs on a hill of travertine in Yellowstone National Park adjacent to Fort Yellowstone and the Mammoth Hot Springs Historic District. It was created over thousands of years as hot water from the spring cooled and deposited calcium carbonate (over two tons flow into Mammoth each day in a solution). Because of the huge amount of geothermal vents, travertine flourishes. Although these springs lie outside the caldera boundary, their energy has been attributed to the same magmatic system that fuels other Yellowstone geothermal areas.
The thermal features at Mud Volcano and Sulphur Caldron are primarily mud pots and fumaroles because the area is situated on a perched water system with little water available. Fumaroles or "steam vents" occur when the ground water boils away faster than it can be recharged. Also, the vapors are rich in sulfuric acid that leaches the rock, breaking it down into clay. Because no water washes away the acid or leached rock, it remains as sticky clay to form a mud pot. Hydrogen sulfide gas is present deep in the earth at Mud Volcano and is oxidized to sulfuric acid by microbial activity, which dissolves the surface soils to create pools and cones of clay and mud. Along with hydrogen sulfide, steam, carbon dioxide, and other gases explode through the layers of mud.
A series of shallow earthquakes associated with the volcanic activity in Yellowstone struck this area in 1978. Soil temperatures increased to nearly 200 °F (93 °C). The slope between Sizzling Basin and Mud Geyser, once covered with green grass and trees, became a barren landscape of fallen trees known as "the cooking hillside".
Yellowstone National Park is a national park located in the western United States, largely in the northwest corner of Wyoming and extending into Montana and Idaho. It was established by the 42nd U.S. Congress with the Yellowstone National Park Protection Act and signed into law by President Ulysses S. Grant on March 1, 1872. Yellowstone was the first national park in the U.S. and is also widely held to be the first national park in the world. The park is known for its wildlife and its many geothermal features, especially the Old Faithful geyser, one of its most popular. While it represents many types of biomes, the subalpine forest is the most abundant. It is part of the South Central Rockies forests ecoregion.
While Native Americans have lived in the Yellowstone region for at least 11,000 years, aside from visits by mountain men during the early-to-mid-19th century, organized exploration did not begin until the late 1860s. Management and control of the park originally fell under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Department of the Interior, the first Secretary of the Interior to supervise the park being Columbus Delano. However, the U.S. Army was eventually commissioned to oversee the management of Yellowstone for 30 years between 1886 and 1916. In 1917, the administration of the park was transferred to the National Park Service, which had been created the previous year. Hundreds of structures have been built and are protected for their architectural and historical significance, and researchers have examined more than a thousand archaeological sites.
Yellowstone National Park spans an area of 3,468.4 sq mi (8,983 km2), comprising lakes, canyons, rivers, and mountain ranges. Yellowstone Lake is one of the largest high-elevation lakes in North America and is centered over the Yellowstone Caldera, the largest super volcano on the continent. The caldera is considered a dormant volcano. It has erupted with tremendous force several times in the last two million years. Well over half of the world's geysers and hydrothermal features are in Yellowstone, fueled by this ongoing volcanism. Lava flows and rocks from volcanic eruptions cover most of the land area of Yellowstone. The park is the centerpiece of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, the largest remaining nearly intact ecosystem in the Earth's northern temperate zone. In 1978, Yellowstone was named a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Hundreds of species of mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, and amphibians have been documented, including several that are either endangered or threatened. The vast forests and grasslands also include unique species of plants. Yellowstone Park is the largest and most famous megafauna location in the contiguous United States. Grizzly bears, cougars, wolves, and free-ranging herds of bison and elk live in this park. The Yellowstone Park bison herd is the oldest and largest public bison herd in the United States. Forest fires occur in the park each year; in the large forest fires of 1988, nearly one-third of the park was burnt. Yellowstone has numerous recreational opportunities, including hiking, camping, boating, fishing, and sightseeing. Paved roads provide close access to the major geothermal areas as well as some of the lakes and waterfalls. During the winter, visitors often access the park by way of guided tours that use either snow coaches or snowmobiles.
Teton County is a county in the U.S. state of Wyoming. As of the 2020 United States Census, the population was 23,331. Its county seat is Jackson. Its west boundary line is also the Wyoming state boundary shared with Idaho and the southern tip of Montana. Teton County is part of the Jackson, WY-ID Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Teton County contains the Jackson Hole ski area, all of Grand Teton National Park, and 40.4% of Yellowstone National Park's total area, including over 96.6% of its water area (largely in Yellowstone Lake).
Wyoming is a state in the Mountain West subregion of the Western United States. It borders Montana to the north and northwest, South Dakota and Nebraska to the east, Idaho to the west, Utah to the southwest, and Colorado to the south. With a population of 576,851 in 2020, Wyoming is the least populous state despite being the 10th largest by area, with the second-lowest population density after Alaska. The state capital and most populous city is Cheyenne, which had an estimated population of 63,957 in 2018.
Wyoming's western half consists mostly of the ranges and rangelands of the Rocky Mountains; its eastern half consists of high-elevation prairie, and is referred to as the High Plains. Wyoming's climate is semi-arid in some parts and continental in others, making it drier and windier overall than other states, with greater temperature extremes. The federal government owns just under half of Wyoming's land, generally protecting it for public uses. The state ranks sixth in the amount of land—-and fifth in the proportion of its land—-that is owned by the federal government. Its federal lands include two national parks (Grand Teton and Yellowstone), two national recreation areas, two national monuments, and several national forests, as well as historic sites, fish hatcheries, and wildlife refuges.
Indigenous peoples inhabited the region for thousands of years. Historic and currently federally recognized tribes include the Arapaho, Crow, Lakota, and Shoshone. Part of the land that is now Wyoming came under American sovereignty via the Louisiana Purchase, part via the Oregon Treaty, and, lastly, via the Mexican Cession. With the opening of the Oregon Trail, the Mormon Trail, and the California Trail, vast numbers of pioneers travelled through parts of the state that had once been traversed mainly by fur trappers, and this spurred the establishment of forts, such as Fort Laramie, that today serve as population centers. The Transcontinental Railroad supplanted the wagon trails in 1867 with a route through southern Wyoming, bringing new settlers and the establishment of founding towns, including the state capital of Cheyenne. On March 27, 1890, Wyoming became the union's 44th state.
Farming and ranching, and the attendant range wars, feature prominently in the state's history. Today, Wyoming's economy is largely based on tourism and the extraction of minerals such as coal, natural gas, oil, and trona. Its agricultural commodities include barley, hay, livestock, sugar beets, wheat, and wool.
Wyoming was the first state to allow women the right to vote (not counting New Jersey, which had allowed it until 1807), and the right to assume elected office, as well as the first state to elect a female governor. In honor of this part of its history, its most common nickname is "The Equality State" and its official state motto is "Equal Rights". It is among the least religious states in the country, and is known for having a political culture that leans towards libertarian conservatism. The Republican presidential nominee has carried the state in every election since 1968.
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Ickleton, Cambridgeshire
THE WALL PAINTINGS IN THE CHURCH
The wall paintings in the church belong to two different periods; those on the north of the nave are of the twelfth century whilst the one above the chancel arch belongs to the fourteenth century. Wall paintings of so early a date are extremely rare; there is a small ‘school’ of Romanesque paintings in the South East (Sussex/Surrey), a handful in Gloucestershire, and, for the rest, some isolated examples distributed throughout the country. The discovery of these paintings at Ickleton is of national importance because, with the exception of the famous cycle at Copford (near Colchester in Essex) there are at present no other extensive programmes of wall painting known to us in the East Anglian region.
Although the interiors of most churches are sober in colour today, it should be remembered that in the medieval period they were full of painted decoration. Vaults, ceilings, walls and window splays were all considered suitable for the display of wall paintings and, even where there was no pictorial decoration, wall surfaces were generally given some form of painted decorative treatment. The arches of arcades, windows and doors were often painted with geometric patterns (such as those round the arches of the arcade here) and sculptural detail was picked out in bright colours. In fact, colour played a most important part in the decoration of churches at this period.
Technique
The technique employed for the paintings on the north arcade is known as ‘true fresco’ and seems only to have been used in this country during the twelfth century. With this type of painting, the colour is applied to wet plaster so that the paint soaks into the wall and is thus much more durable than paint applied to a dry surface.
What remains at Ickleton is for the most part the under-painting, almost all the linear details, which would have defined the features and drapery forms, being lost. However, it is still possible to get some idea of how the original surface would have looked, if you examine the drapery of the Apostle next to Jesus on the splay of the more westerly of the two painted windows. The linear forms and ‘V folds’ of the drapery on the lower part of this figure are still clearly visible here.
Date
The arcades date from circa 1100 but the paintings are somewhat later belonging to the second half of the twelfth century. The church was appropriated by Ickleton Priory at the foundation of that institution, probably in the mid twelfth century. The paintings almost certainly postdate this event. (It should be realised, however, that the Priory did not take over the parish church for its own use; the nuns had a conventual church at the side of the Priory).
The overall decorative scheme
The paintings extend through two bays of the north arcade running from west to east. They are arranged in two tiers with a Passion cycle at the upper level and three scenes of martyrdom between the arches at the lower one. The two small clerestory windows which interrupt the upper series of paintings have fully painted splays. The twelfth century walls stopped just above these windows which were originally external ones looking out above the then lower side aisles. At this period the paintings would have clothed the wall from top to bottom. The bases, capitals and perhaps even the shafts of the piers may also have received painted decoration.
The four Passion scenes of the north arcade would probably have led up to a Crucifixion painted on the east wall of the nave. However, this wall was much altered in the fourteenth century when the chancel arch was made taller. In the process, the painted area of this wall would have been removed and the Crucifixion lost.
The arches of the south arcade were originally decorated with geometric pattern like that on the north arcade. This would lead you to expect that the wall above would also have been covered with paintings. However, although this wall has been carefully examined for traces of further paintings, none were found here. It may be that it was originally intended to complete the programme with a series of paintings of the events after the Resurrection but that financial resources were not available.
The theme of the paintings
The four Passion scenes of the upper tier represent reading from left to right, the Last Supper, the Betrayal, the Flagellation and Christ carrying the Cross.
In the Last Supper only the figure of Judas, separated from Christ and the other Apostles by being placed in front of the table, is clearly visible. He is shown in the act of taking a fish. This may be interpreted in two ways. One explanation is that the fish is a symbol of Christ and that his death is prefigured in this gesture. The other more straightforward version of the theme is that Judas is here shown up as a thief. In some paintings he is depicted holding the fish behind his back and in one he is actually shown hiding it under the tablecloth.
The Betrayal contains two linked scenes. The more important one, the kiss of Judas, is rather difficult to make out; Judas and Christ are the two large figures, a little to the left of centre, which together form a triangular shape. On the extreme right St. Peter is shown striking off the ear of the High Priests’ servant, Malchus.
The Flagellation needs little explanation. Christ stands tied to a column between two figures who must originally have held whips in their hands.
The final scene, which is badly damaged, shows Christ bearing the Cross.
The three scenes of the lower series all deal with different martyrdoms. The first one (on the left hand side and half covered by a wall plaque) shows St. Peter being crucified upside down. The central one depicts St. Andrew on the diagonal cross. Above him the hand of God can be seen outlined against the yellow border at the top. The one on the right hand side, adjacent to the wall of the crossing, may be St. Laurence being burnt on the gridiron. It is not clear what all the figures between these scenes signify but some of them may be pilgrims visiting the shrines of the Saints concerned. The figure to the right of St. Peter is wearing a palmer’s (or pilgrim’s) hat.
The left hand splay of the westernmost window shows a group of four figures carrying books. The one at the front is Christ and those behind probably three of his Apostles.
On the left hand splay of the window further east, there is a bearded man dressed in a dark tunic and wearing a palmer’s hat. It has been suggested that this is St. James. On the other splay of the same window is the figure of a woman, crowned and seated on a throne.
The fourteenth century doom painting over the chancel arch.
In the case of the Doom, it is not really the technique or style of the painting which is of special interest but the subject matter. Doom paintings illustrate the Day of Judgement as described in St. Matthew’s Gospel, chapter XXV. This theme was painted more frequently on the walls of churches than any other during the Middle Ages and about eighty examples are still to be seen in this country today. Doom paintings generally occupy the most arresting position in the church, over the chancel arch, where they may be seen and contemplated by all.
The elements which go to make up this composition usually vary little from one version to another. In the central position there is always Christ and Judge, seated on the rainbow, displaying wounds of the cross. On the left kneels the Virgin Mary and on the right either St. John the Evangelist or St. John the Baptist. There are usually figures of angels (sometimes blowing the Last Trump) grouped round about. Below this, there may be a scene with figures emerging from their graves as in the General Resurrection. And beneath that, there is often a section showing the Saved being separated from the Damned with the former being led off to Heaven and the latter prodded into the Jaws of Hell.
Unfortunately, the lower parts of the Doom at Ickleton are very much damaged; one or two figures rising from their graves can be made out just below Christ’s feet and there are two small crowned figures below that, on the right hand side, which are all that remain of the Damned.
The most unusual element of this painting, however, is that of the Virgin who appears with bare breasts. Argument has raged as to whether this is not a representation of Mary Magdalene which would seem appropriate as the church is dedicated to her. However, this dedication is of fairly recent date; during the Middle Ages the church was in fact dedicated to the Virgin.
There is another and more conclusive argument, however, for this being a figure of the Virgin. Baring the breast in the fourteenth century was a gesture of supplication. In representations of the Last Judgement the role of the Virgin and St. John is one if intercession for the souls of mankind. A Flemish critic of iconography wrote in 1574 that “Many painters show Mary and John the Baptist kneeling beside our Lord at the Last Judgement But we may not think at that day the Virgin Mary will kneel for us before the Judge, baring her breast to intercede for sinners”. This suggests that although the Ickleton Virgin seems at present to be the only example of this type (at least in the sphere of wall painting) there were originally many other paintings with this particular feature. Perhaps this image has been especially prone to destruction because later generations have found it unacceptable.
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Copper was discovered at Kuridala in 1884 and the Hampden Mine commenced during the 1890s. A Melbourne syndicate took over operations in 1897 and with increasing development of the mine in 1905 - 1906 the Hampden Cloncurry Limited company was formed. The township was surveyed as Hampden in 1910 (later called Friezland, and finally Kuridala in 1916). The Hampden Smelter operated from 1911 to 1920 with World War I being a particularly prosperous time for the company. After the war, the operations and the township declined and the Hampden Cloncurry Limited company ceased to exist in 1928. Tribute mining and further exploration and testing of the ore body has continued from 1932 through to the present day.
The Kuridala Township and Hampden Smelter are located approximately 65km south of Cloncurry and 345m above sea level, on an open plain against a background of rugged but picturesque hills.
The Cloncurry copper fields were discovered by Ernest Henry in 1867 but lack of capital and transport combined with low base metal prices precluded any major development. However, rising prices, new discoveries in the region and the promise of a railway combined with an inflow of British capital stimulated development. Additionally, Melbourne based promoters eager to develop another base metal bonanza like Broken Hill led to a resurgence of interest, especially in the Hampden mines.
The copper deposits at Kuridala (initially named Hampden) were discovered by William McPhail and Robert Johnson on their pastoral lease, Eureka, in January 1884. The Hampden mine was held by Fred Gibson in the 1890s and acquired in 1897 by a Melbourne syndicate comprising the 'Broken Hillionaires' - William Orr, William Knox, and Herman Schlapp. They floated the Hampden Copper Mines N. L. with a capital of £100,000 in £100 shares of which 200 were fully paid up. With this capital, they commenced a prospecting and stockpiling program sending specimens to Dapto and Wallaroo for testing. Government Geologist, W.E. Cameron's report on the district in 1900 discouraged investors as he reported that few of the lodes, other than the Hampden Company's main lode at Kuridala, were worth working.
A world price rise in copper in 1905, combined with a government decision in 1906 to extend the Townsville railway from Richmond to Cloncurry, stimulated further development. The Hampden Cloncurry Copper Mines Limited was registered in Victoria in March 1906 to acquire the old company's mines. However, the company only had a working capital of £35,000 after distributing vendor's shares and buying the Duchess mines. During this period there were over 20 companies investing similarly on the Cloncurry field.
The township was surveyed by the Mines Department around 1910 and was first known as Hampden after the mines discovered in the 1880s. By 1912 it was called Friezland, however was officially renamed Kuridala in October 1916 to minimise confusion with another settlement in Queensland. The reason for this change was considered to be linked to German names being unpopular at the outbreak of World War I.
Hampden Cloncurry Copper Mines Limited and its competitor, Mount Elliott, formed a special company in 1908 to finance and construct the railway extension from Cloncurry through Malbon, to Kuridala, and Mount Elliott. The company reconstructed in July 1909 by increasing its capitalisation, and concluding arrangements for a debenture issue to be secured against its proposed smelters. Its smelters were not fired until March 1911 and over the next three years 85,266 tons of ore were treated with an initial dividend of £140,000 being declared in 1913. In one month in 1915 the Hampden Smelter produced 813 tons of copper, an Australian record at that time.
Concern over the dwindling reserves of high grade ore led to William Corbould, the general manager of Mount Elliott mines, negotiating an amalgamation with Hampden Cloncurry to halt the fierce rivalry. But the latter was uninterested having consolidated its prospects in 1911 by acquiring many promising mines in the region, and enlarging its smelters and erecting new converters. In 1913, following a fire in the Hampden Consol's mine, Corbould convinced his London directors to reopen negotiations for a joint venture in the northern section of the field which still awaited a railway. Although Corbould and Huntley, the Hampden Cloncurry general manager, inspected many properties, the proposal lapsed.
The railway reached the township by 1910. A sanitary system was installed in 1911, after a four month typhoid epidemic, and a hospital erected by 1913, run by Dr. Old. It was described as the best and most modern hospital in the northwest. At its height, the town supported six hotels, five stores, four billiard saloons, three dance halls, and a cinema, two ice works, and one aerated waters factory, and Chinese gardens along the creek. There were also drapers, fruiterer, butcher, baker, timber merchant, garage, four churches, police station, court house, post office, banks, and a school with up to 280 pupils. A cyclone in December 1918 damaged the town and wrecked part of the powerhouse and smelter.
A comprehensive description of the plant and operations of the Kuridala Hampden mines and smelters was given by the Cloncurry mining warden in the Queensland Government Mining Journal of the 14th of September 1912. Ore from other company-owned mines (Duchess, Happy Salmon, MacGregor, and Trekelano) was railed in via a 1.2km branch line to the reduction plant bins, while the heavy pyrites ore from the Hampden mines was separated at the main shaft into coarse and fine products and conveyed to separate 1,500 ton capacity bins over a standard gauge railway to the plant.
A central power plant was installed with three separate Dowson pressure gas plants powered by three tandem type Kynoch gas engines of 320hp and two duplex type Hornsby gas engines of 200hp. Two Swedish General Electric Company generators of 1,250kw and 56kw running at 460 volts, supplied electricity to the machines in the works, fitting shops and mine pumps. Electric light for the mine and works was supplied by a British Thompson-Houston generator of 42kw, running at 420 volts. The fuel used in the gas producers was bituminous coal, coke or charcoal, made locally in the retorts.
The reduction plant consisted of two water-jacket furnaces, 2.1m by 1m and 4.2m by 1m, with dust chambers and a 52m high steel stack. There were two electrically driven converter vessels, each 3.2m by 2.3m. The molten product ran into a 3.7m diameter forehearth, while the slag was drawn off into double ton slag pots, run to the dump over 3 foot gauge, 42lb steel rail tracks. The copper was delivered from the forehearth to the converters. A 1.06m gauge track ran under the converters and carried the copper mould cars to the cleaning and shipping shed, at the end of which was the siding for railing out the cakes of blister copper.
The war conferred four years of prosperity on the Cloncurry district despite marketing, transport, and labour difficulties. The Hampden Cloncurry Company declared liberal dividends during 1915 - 1918: £40,000, £140,000, £52,500 and £35,000 making a total disbursement since commencing operations of £437,500. Its smelters treated over a quarter of a million tons of ore in this period, averaging over 70,000 tons annually. The company built light railways to its mines (e.g. Wee MacGregor and Trekelano) to ensure regular ore supplies and to reduce transport costs. In order to improve its ore treatment, Hampden Cloncurry installed a concentration plant in 1917. In 1918 an Edwards furnace was erected to pre-roast fine sulphide concentrates from the mill before smelting.
The dropping of the copper price control by the British government in 1918 forced the company into difficulties. Smelting was postponed until September 1919 and the company lost heavily during the next season and had to rely on ores from the Trekelano mine. Its smelter treated 69,598 tons of ore in 1920, but the company was forced to halt all operations after the Commonwealth Bank withdrew funds on copper awaiting export.
Companies and mines turned to the Theodore Labor Government for assistance but they were unsympathetic to the companies, even though they alone had the capacity to revive the Cloncurry field. More negotiations for amalgamation occurred in 1925 but failed, and in 1926 Hampden Cloncurry offered its assets for sale by tender and Mount Elliott acquired them all except for the Trekelano mine. The company was de-listed in 1928.
The rise and decline of the township reflected the company's fortunes. In 1913 there were 1,500 people increasing to 2,000 by 1920, but by 1924 this had declined to 800. With the rise of Mount Isa, Kaiser's bakehouse, the hospital, courthouse, one ice works, and a picture theatre, moved there in 1923 followed by Boyds' Hampden Hotel (renamed the Argent) in 1924. Other buildings including the police residence and Clerk of Petty Sessions house were moved to Cloncurry.
In its nine years of smelting Hampden Cloncurry had been one of Australia's largest mining companies producing 50,800 tons of copper (compared with Mount Elliott's 27,000), 21,000 ounces of gold and 381,000 ounces of silver. A more permanent achievement was its part in creating the metal fabricating company, Metal Manufacturers Limited, of which it was one of the four founders in 1916. Much of the money which built their Port Kembla works into one of the country's largest manufacturers came from the now derelict smelters in north-west Queensland.
In 1942 Mount Isa Mines bought the Kuridala Smelters for £800 and used parts to construct a copper furnace which commenced operating in April 1943 in response to wartime demands. The Tunny family continued to live at Kuridala as tributers on the Hampden and Consol mines from 1932 until 1969 and worked the mines down to 15.25m. A post office operated until 1975 and the last inhabitant, Lizzy Belch, moved into Cloncurry about 1982.
Further exploration and testing of the Kuridala ore body has occurred from 1948 up until the present with activities being undertaking by Mount Isa Mines, Broken Hill South, Enterprise Exploration, Marshall and James Boyd, Australian Selection, Kennecott Exploration, Carpentaria Exploration, Metana Minerals, A.M. Metcalfe, Dampier Mining Co Ltd, Newmont Pty Ltd, Australian Anglo American, Era South Pacific Pty Ltd, CRA Exploration Pty Ltd, BHP Minerals Ltd, Metana Minerals and Matrix Metals Ltd.
Source: Queensland Heritage Register.
Iqra Award
Distribution Ceremony held for position holders of Chitral
CHITRAL: Iqra Awards from Qari Faizullah Chitral were
distributed among the position holders students of Chitral in annual
examination of metric (Secondary school certificate). A simple but prompt
function was held at Government Centennial Model High School. District
Coordination Officer Rahmatullah Wazir was chief guest on the occasion while
the ceremony was presided over by Mulvi
Abudl Rahman Amir JUI and former MPA Chitral. Three position holders were
students of private schools while there was no student from government boys
schools which show negligence of teachers of government schools. First Award
was given to Tosif Ahamd son of Qazi Sharif Ahmad of Broze Public School Broze
who secured 895 marks with 40000 cash prize. Second award was given to Nighat
Tariq daughter of Tariq Mahmood of Muslim Model School Chitral who secured 882
marks who was given second award and 30000 cash prize while third award was
given Ihtishamul Haq son of Asmat Wali of Orien School Booni who obtained 860
marks who was given third award with 20000 cash prize While in government side
firs award was given to Ayesha Sultana daughter of Sultan Shah a student of
Government Girls high school Moldeh who obtained 827 marks in metric
examination who was given first award with cash prize of 40000 rupees, second
award was given to Hina Ghani daughter of Ghaniur Rehman of Government girls
high school Moldeh with cash prize of 30000 who secured 818 marks while third award
was honor to Saima Qayum daughter of Qayum Khan of the same school who obtained
811 marks with cash prize of rupees 20000.
Special award was given to Dr. Akbar Shah surgeon at Khayat Teaching
hospital Peshawar who rendering meritorious services to Chitrali patients at
KTH Peshawar. An other special award was given to Ataullah student of Frontier
Corps Public School Drosh who stood first in Federal Board of Intermediate and
Secondary Education. AS well as special award was also given to Mrs Saliha Bebi
Head Mistress of Government girls high school Moldeh because three positions
were obtained by her school students.
Addressing on the
occasion DCO Chitral and EDO Elementary and Secondary Education Chitral Siraj
Muhammad Khan stressed on students to read with great zeal and zest and try of
their best to show Excellency position in their examinations. EDO expressed his
concerned over that Education department
took some stern steps against defaulter
teachers for their reform but they were supporting by some politicians and
influential persons of Chitral. He
lamented over cheating ratio and emphasized on student to never try of cheating
because there is quantity education but very poor position of quality education
in Chitral. He also pointed out that a student of private school stood first
but his father is a teacher in government school its mean that his father have
no trust on government schools so that why he enrolled his son in a private
school. A large number of students, teachesr and people belonging to all walks of life
participated in Qari Faizullah Award cum Iqra award distribution ceremony.
G.H. Farooqi C/O
Manager bank Islami Main branch Chitral
Pakistan phone No 0943-320737, 0943-316052, 0943-414418 , 03025989602, 03337069572, 03159698446,
03469002167
email:
gulhamad@gmail.com
In the emergence room, tours of newly distributed Mediterranean Fruitflies are labeled by day, as it takes 5-7 days for them emerge as adults from the pupae casing, inside the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service’s (APHIS) Sarasota Sterile Insect Rearing Facility, April 17, 2019, in Sarasota, Fla., where they process 100,000,000 flies a week.
Plant Protection and Quarantine releases sterile adult Medflies over the highest-risk urban areas of the state (approximately 633 square miles) in Hillsborough, Miami-Dade, Palm Beach and Broward Counties. The target release rate is 125,000 flies/square mile/week. One-hundred million irradiated pupae are received weekly from Guatemala, eclosed at the Sterile Insect Release Facility (SIRF), and released by airplane from an altitude of 1600-2000 feet. These pupae are temperature-sensitive lethal (tsl) strain, rendering the flies released 99.8% male.
New Sterile Insect Release Facility in Sarasota, FL: This facility supports the Medfly Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) Preventive Release Program (PRP), and is the work unit for 24 personnel. The Sarasota PRP was initiated in 2002 in an old ice cream factory, but due to the need to replace the existing aging SIRF, solicitations for a new facility (~30,000 square feet) began in spring 2015 and a lease was awarded in fall 2015 for a new facility located north of the Sarasota-Bradenton International Airport. Ground-breaking for this facility took place in November 2016 and USDA accepted the building on July 23, 2018. This is the first time a facility like this has been built in the continental U.S. The objective is to facilitate and improve efficiency and effectiveness of the program for years to come.
USDA Photo by Preston Keres
RARE SHIRLEY BASSEY italian single. Distributed only in Italy during 1970 for the series FLASH BACK (is n. 4 of a series edited by EMI ITALIAN - 20 reprints of records with various singers and music bands named precisely"Flashback") of the 45 catalog number: EMI Columbia 3C 006 04590 M.
Shirley Bassey – Goldfinger / I (Who Have Nothing)
Etichetta: Odeon – 3C 006 04590 M, EMI – 3C 006 04590 M
Serie: Flash Back (2) – 4
Formato: Vinyl, 7"
Paese: Italy
Uscita: 1968
Genere: Soul
Elenco tracce
AGoldfinger
BI (Who Have Nothing)
Written-By – Parish*
Note
(A): From the Motion Picture "Goldfinger" 007
Codice a barre e altri identificatori
Rights Society: S.I.A.E.