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Miserable conditions greeted 2309D as it leads 2346D 2315D further back into the consist with a distributed power coalie through Lanefield
Postcard from SacMod's research library. Artist unknown. This vision for Cal-Expo was unfortunately never realized.
"TEEN ISLAND, shown in artist's concept, will give young visitors "a world of their own" at the California-Exposition, now under construction in California's capital, Sacramento. The 5-acre man-made island when completed will be located in the center of a 32-acre lake, insulated from adult pressures. Official California Exposition Post Cards; Distributed by Continental Card Co., Sacramento, Calif. 1968 CEFCO."
Distributing prizes and awards to winners at the annual function of ECB.
Invited to deliver talks at Rajasthan’s largest and most prestigious engineering college which is spread across 337 acres: the Engineering College of Bikaner (ECB) www.ecb.ac.in/.
ECB has around 6,000 students enrolled on its campus, out of which around 2,500 alone are in IT and Computer Science courses.
Delivered two talks on Linux and Free & Open Source Software (FOSS): ‘How to Avoid the Axe Effect’; and ‘How to Make a Dent in the Universe’. The talks were delivered at the ‘FOSS GN09 event’ which was cleverly dove-tailed with the college’s yearly techfest mega-event, called ‘Sakshama’. An ancient Sanskrit word, ‘Sakshama’ means ‘skilled; competent; adept’. The 2009 incarnation of the event, held from 28th to 31st October, was called ‘Sakshama GN09’, to highlight ‘Generation Next’. www.sakshama.org.
And what a Generation Next! They also sought my help and mentoring in launching their own on-campus Linux Users Group (LUG), www.lugb.in. Am quite impressed with their active mailing-lists and outreach activities. These guys and gals are rocking! Together with its founders, we launched LUG-Bikaner at the ‘Sakshama GN09’ event-night, on an outdoor stage in front of an audience of over 2,500.
ECB has around 1,200 computers on-campus, and with the personal laptops and desktops of students, totals at around 4,000 PCs. Till date, LUG-Bikaner has migrated over 500 computers to Linux, and still counting. Plus, they also reach out to other colleges and institutions within Rajasthan to spread the awareness of this ‘muft and mukt’ vision of computing. After all, who can understand freedom better than the royal state of Rajasthan in India?
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Use without permission is ILLEGAL.
25 September 2013. Abu Shouk: A woman with her malnourished child in a clinic of the NGO Kuwait Patient Helping Fund in Abu Shouk camp for Internally Displaced Persons (IDP), North Darfur.
The NGO provides a mixture of corn, soy, wheat, sugar and oil, distributed by the World Food Program (WFP) to be part of a program called Integrated Blanket Supplementary Feeding. Every child under 3 years old and those with moderate malnutrition up to 6 years old can access to the distribution of this feeding (1,7 kg and 3,4 kg for 15 days, respectively). Pregnant and lactating women can also receive the mixture for several months.
The local NGO has 3 centers of distribution in Abu Shouk and two more in Al Salam camp.
Photo by Albert González Farran, UNAMID
This photo is part of the Australian National Maritime Museum’s Gervais Purcell collection.
Gervais Purcell (1919-1999) was a respected Australian commercial photographer who worked from the 1940s with retailers like David Jones and Hordern Bros, radio technology manufacturer Amalgamated Wireless Australasia (AWA), swimwear manufacturer Jantzen, tourism operator Ansett Airways, and cruise ship operators P&O.
Gervais’ camera and some of his swimwear fashion photographs were featured in the popular ANMM travelling exhibition Exposed! the story of swimwear of 2009.
The photos in this collection are a part of the 3000 images gifted to the Museum by Gervais’ son Leigh Purcell in 2012.
If reproduced or distributed, this image should be clearly attributed to the collection of the Australian National Maritime Museum; and not be used for any commercial or for-profit purposes without the permission of the museum.
For more information see our Flickr Commons Rights Statement.
The Australian National Maritime Museum undertakes research and accepts public comments that enhance the information we hold about images in our collection. If you can identify a person or fashion design, write the details in the Comments box below.
Thank you for helping caption this important historical image.
Object number: ANMS1406[019]
The geothermal areas of Yellowstone include several geyser basins in Yellowstone National Park as well as other geothermal features such as hot springs, mud pots, and fumaroles. The number of thermal features in Yellowstone is estimated at 10,000. A study that was completed in 2011 found that a total of 1,283 geysers have erupted in Yellowstone, 465 of which are active during an average year. These are distributed among nine geyser basins, with a few geysers found in smaller thermal areas throughout the Park. The number of geysers in each geyser basin are as follows: Upper Geyser Basin (410), Midway Geyser Basin (59), Lower Geyser Basin (283), Norris Geyser Basin (193), West Thumb Geyser Basin (84), Gibbon Geyser Basin (24), Lone Star Geyser Basin (21), Shoshone Geyser Basin (107), Heart Lake Geyser Basin (69), other areas (33). Although famous large geysers like Old Faithful are part of the total, most of Yellowstone's geysers are small, erupting to only a foot or two. The hydrothermal system that supplies the geysers with hot water sits within an ancient active caldera. Many of the thermal features in Yellowstone build up sinter, geyserite, or travertine deposits around and within them.
The various geyser basins are located where rainwater and snowmelt can percolate into the ground, get indirectly superheated by the underlying Yellowstone hotspot, and then erupt at the surface as geysers, hot springs, and fumaroles. Thus flat-bottomed valleys between ancient lava flows and glacial moraines are where most of the large geothermal areas are located. Smaller geothermal areas can be found where fault lines reach the surface, in places along the circular fracture zone around the caldera, and at the base of slopes that collect excess groundwater. Due to the Yellowstone Plateau's high elevation the average boiling temperature at Yellowstone's geyser basins is 199 °F (93 °C). When properly confined and close to the surface it can periodically release some of the built-up pressure in eruptions of hot water and steam that can reach up to 390 feet (120 m) into the air (see Steamboat Geyser, the world's tallest geyser). Water erupting from Yellowstone's geysers is superheated above that boiling point to an average of 204 °F (95.5 °C) as it leaves the vent. The water cools significantly while airborne and is no longer scalding hot by the time it strikes the ground, nearby boardwalks, or even spectators. Because of the high temperatures of the water in the features it is important that spectators remain on the boardwalks and designated trails. Several deaths have occurred in the park as a result of falls into hot springs.
Prehistoric Native American artifacts have been found at Mammoth Hot Springs and other geothermal areas in Yellowstone. Some accounts state that the early people used hot water from the geothermal features for bathing and cooking. In the 19th century Father Pierre-Jean De Smet reported that natives he interviewed thought that geyser eruptions were "the result of combat between the infernal spirits". The Lewis and Clark Expedition traveled north of the Yellowstone area in 1806. Local natives that they came upon seldom dared to enter what we now know is the caldera because of frequent loud noises that sounded like thunder and the belief that the spirits that possessed the area did not like human intrusion into their realm. The first white man known to travel into the caldera and see the geothermal features was John Colter, who had left the Lewis and Clark Expedition. He described what he saw as "hot spring brimstone". Beaver trapper Joseph Meek recounted in 1830 that the steam rising from the various geyser basins reminded him of smoke coming from industrial smokestacks on a cold winter morning in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. In the 1850s famed trapper Jim Bridger called it "the place where Hell bubbled up".
The heat that drives geothermal activity in the Yellowstone area comes from brine (salty water) that is 1.5–3 miles (7,900–15,800 ft; 2,400–4,800 m) below the surface. This is actually below the solid volcanic rock and sediment that extends to a depth of 3,000 to 6,000 feet (900 to 1,800 m) and is inside the hot but mostly solid part of the pluton that contains Yellowstone's magma chamber. At that depth the brine is superheated to temperatures that exceed 400 °F (204 °C) but is able to remain a liquid because it is under great pressure (like a huge pressure cooker).
Convection of the churning brine and conduction from surrounding rock transfers heat to an overlaying layer of fresh groundwater. Movement of the two liquids is facilitated by the highly fractured and porous nature of the rocks under the Yellowstone Plateau. Some silica is dissolved from the fractured rhyolite into the hot water as it travels through the fractured rock. Part of this hard mineral is later redeposited on the walls of the cracks and fissures to make a nearly pressure-tight system. Silica precipitates at the surface to form either geyserite or sinter, creating the massive geyser cones, the scalloped edges of hot springs, and the seemingly barren landscape of geyser basins.
There are at least five types of geothermal features found at Yellowstone:
Fumaroles: Fumaroles, or steam vents, are the hottest hydrothermal features in the park. They have so little water that it all flashes into steam before reaching the surface. At places like Roaring Mountain, the result is loud hissing of steam and gases.
Geysers: Geysers such as Old Faithful are a type of geothermal feature that periodically erupt scalding hot water. Increased pressure exerted by the enormous weight of the overlying rock and water prevents deeper water from boiling. As the hot water rises it is under less pressure and steam bubbles form. They, in turn, expand on their ascent until the bubbles are too big and numerous to pass freely through constrictions. At a critical point the confined bubbles actually lift the water above, causing the geyser to splash or overflow. This decreases the pressure of the system and violent boiling results. Large quantities of water flash into tremendous amounts of steam that force a jet of water out of the vent: an eruption begins. Water (and heat) is expelled faster than the geyser's recharge rate, gradually decreasing the system's pressure and eventually ending the eruption.
Hot springs: Hot springs such as Grand Prismatic Spring are the most common hydrothermal features in the park. Their plumbing has no constrictions. Superheated water cools as it reaches the surface, sinks, and is replaced by hotter water from below. This circulation, called convection, prevents water from reaching the temperature needed to set off an eruption. Many hot springs give rise to streams of heated water.
Mudpots: Mudpots such as Fountain Paint Pots are acidic hot springs with a limited water supply. Some microorganisms use hydrogen sulfide (rotten egg smell), which rises from deep within the earth, as an energy source. They convert the gas into sulfuric acid, which breaks down rock into clay.
Travertine terraces: Travertine terraces, found at Mammoth Hot Springs, are formed from limestone (a rock type made of calcium carbonate). Thermal waters rise through the limestone, carrying high amounts of dissolved carbonate. Carbon dioxide is released at the surface and calcium carbonate deposited as travertine, the chalky white rock of the terraces. These features constantly and quickly change due to the rapid rate of deposition.
Geyser basins
The Norris Geyser Basin 44°43′43″N 110°42′16″W is the hottest geyser basin in the park and is located near the northwest edge of Yellowstone Caldera near Norris Junction and on the intersection of three major faults. The Norris-Mammoth Corridor is a fault that runs from Norris north through Mammoth to the Gardiner, Montana, area. The Hebgen Lake fault runs from northwest of West Yellowstone, Montana, to Norris. This fault experienced an earthquake in 1959 that measured 7.4 on the Richter scale (sources vary on exact magnitude between 7.1 and 7.8; see 1959 Hebgen Lake earthquake). Norris Geyser Basin is so hot and dynamic because these two faults intersect with the ring fracture zone that resulted from the creation of the Yellowstone Caldera of 640,000 years ago.
The Basin consists of three main areas: Porcelain Basin, Back Basin, and One Hundred Springs Plain. Unlike most of other geyser basins in the park, the waters from Norris are acidic rather than alkaline (for example, Echinus Geyser has a pH of ~3.5). The difference in pH allows for a different class of bacterial thermophiles to live at Norris, creating different color patterns in and around the Norris Basin waters.
The Ragged Hills that lie between Back Basin and One Hundred Springs Plain are thermally altered glacial kames. As glaciers receded the underlying thermal features began to express themselves once again, melting remnants of the ice and causing masses of debris to be dumped. These debris piles were then altered by steam and hot water flowing through them. Madison lies within the eroded stream channels cut through lava flows formed after the caldera eruption. The Gibbon Falls lies on the caldera boundary as does Virginia Cascades.
Algae on left bacteria on right at the intersection of flows from the Constant & Whirlgig Geysers at Norris Geyser Basin
The tallest active geyser in the world, Steamboat Geyser,[11] is located in Norris Basin. Unlike the slightly smaller but much more famous Old Faithful Geyser located in Upper Geyser Basin, Steamboat has an erratic and lengthy timetable between major eruptions. During major eruptions, which may be separated by intervals of more than a year (the longest recorded span between major eruptions was 50 years), Steamboat erupts over 300 feet (90 m) into the air. Steamboat does not lie dormant between eruptions, instead displaying minor eruptions of approximately 40 feet (12 m).
Norris Geyser Basin periodically undergoes a large-scale, basin-wide thermal disturbance lasting a few weeks. Water levels fluctuate, and temperatures, pH, colors, and eruptive patterns change throughout the basin. During a disturbance in 1985, Porkchop Geyser continually jetted steam and water; in 1989, the same geyser apparently clogged with silica and blew up, throwing rocks more than 200 feet (61 m). In 2003 a park ranger observed it bubbling heavily, the first such activity seen since 1991. Activity increased dramatically in mid-2003. Because of high ground temperatures and new features beside the trail much of Back Basin was closed until October. In 2004 the boardwalk was routed around the dangerous area and now leads behind Porkchop Geyser.
North of Norris, Roaring Mountain is a large, acidic hydrothermal area (solfatara) with many fumaroles. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the number, size, and power of the fumaroles were much greater than today. The fumaroles are most easily seen in the cooler, low-light conditions of morning and evening.
The Gibbon Geyser Basin 44°41′58″N 110°44′34″W includes several thermal areas in the vicinity of the Gibbon River between Gibbon Falls and Norris. The most accessible feature in the basin is Beryl Spring, with a small boardwalk right along the Grand Loop Road. Artists' Paintpots is a small hydrothermal area south of Norris Junction that includes colorful hot springs and two large mudpots.
The Monument Geyser Basin 44°41′03″N 110°45′14″W has no active geysers, but its 'monuments' are siliceous sinter deposits similar to the siliceous spires discovered on the floor of Yellowstone Lake. Scientists hypothesize that this basin's structures formed from a hot water system in a glacially dammed lake during the waning stages of the Pinedale Glaciation. The basin is on a ridge reached by a very steep one-mile (1.6 km) trail south of Artists' Paint Pots. Other areas of thermal activity in Gibbon Geyser Basin lie off-trail.
South of Norris along the rim of the caldera is the Upper Geyser Basin 44°27′52″N 110°49′45″W, which has the highest concentration of geothermal features in the park. This complement of features includes the most famous geyser in the park, Old Faithful Geyser, as well as four other predictable large geysers. One of these large geysers in the area is Castle Geyser which is about 1,400 feet (430 m) northwest of Old Faithful. Castle Geyser has an interval of approximately 13 hours between major eruptions, but is unpredictable after minor eruptions. The other three predictable geysers are Grand Geyser, Daisy Geyser, and Riverside Geyser. Biscuit Basin and Black Sand Basin are also within the boundaries of Upper Geyser Basin.
The hills surrounding Old Faithful and the Upper Geyser Basin are reminders of Quaternary rhyolitic lava flows. These flows, occurring long after the catastrophic eruption of 640,000 years ago, flowed across the landscape like stiff mounds of bread dough due to their high silica content.
Evidence of glacial activity is common, and it is one of the keys that allows geysers to exist. Glacier till deposits underlie the geyser basins providing storage areas for the water used in eruptions. Many landforms, such as Porcupine Hills north of Fountain Flats, are made up of glacial gravel and are reminders that 70,000 to 14,000 years ago, this area was buried under ice.
Signs of the forces of erosion can be seen everywhere, from runoff channels carved across the sinter in the geyser basins to the drainage created by the Firehole River. Mountain building is evident on the drive south of Old Faithful, toward Craig Pass. Here the Rocky Mountains reach a height of 8,262 feet (2,518 m), dividing the country into two distinct watersheds.
Midway Geyser Basin 44°31′04″N 110°49′56″W is much smaller than the other basins found alongside the Firehole River. Despite its small size, it contains two large features, the 200-by-300-foot-wide (60 by 90 m) Excelsior Geyser which pours over 4,000 U.S. gallons (15,000 L; 3,300 imp gal) per minute into the Firehole River. The largest hot spring in Yellowstone, the 370-foot-wide (110 m) and 121-foot-deep (37 m) Grand Prismatic Spring is found here. Also in the basin is Turquoise Pool and Opal Pool.
Lower Geyser Basin
Blue spring with steam rising from it; irregular blotches of red and orange residue are on the banks, along with dead tree trunks.
Silex Spring at Fountain Paint Pot
Farther north is the Lower Geyser Basin 44°32′58″N 110°50′09″W, which is the largest geyser basin in area, covering approximately 11 square miles. Due to its large size, it has a much less concentrated set of geothermal features, including Fountain Paint Pots. Fountain Paint Pots are mud pots, that is, a hot spring that contains boiling mud instead of water. The mud is produced by a higher acidity in the water which enables the spring to dissolve surrounding minerals to create an opaque, usually grey, mud. Also there is Firehole Spring, Celestine Pool, Leather Pool, Red Spouter, Jelly spring, and a number of fumaroles.
Geysers in Lower Geyser Basin include Great Fountain Geyser, whose eruptions reach 100 to 200 feet (30–61 m) in the air, while waves of water cascade down its sinter terraces., the Fountain group of Geysers (Clepsydra Geyser which erupts nearly continuously to heights of 45 feet (14 m), Fountain Geyser, Jelly Geyser, Jet Geyser, Morning Geyser, and Spasm Geyser), the Pink Cone group of geysers (Dilemma Geyser, Labial Geyser, Narcissus Geyser, Pink Geyser, and Pink Cone Geyser), the White Dome group of geysers (Crack Geyser, Gemini Geyser, Pebble Geyser, Rejuvenated Geyser, and White Dome Geyser), as well as Sizzler Geyser.
Clepsydra Geyser erupting. July 2019
Fountain Paint Pots
White Dome Geyser
West Thumb Geyser Basin
Several pools of blue water in ashen rock basin.
West Thumb Geyser Basin
Blackened basin with orange streaks; steam is rising from it with fir trees in the background.
Overflow areas of Silex springs
The West Thumb Geyser Basin 44°25′07″N 110°34′23″W, including Potts Basin to the north, is the largest geyser basin on the shores of Yellowstone Lake. The heat source of the thermal features in this location is thought to be relatively close to the surface, only 10,000 feet (3,000 m) down. West Thumb is about the same size as another famous volcanic caldera, Crater Lake in Oregon, but much smaller than the great Yellowstone Caldera which last erupted about 640,000 years ago. West Thumb is a caldera within a caldera.
West Thumb was created approximately 162,000 years ago when a magma chamber bulged up under the surface of the earth and subsequently cracked it along ring fracture zones. This in turn released the enclosed magma as lava and caused the surface above the emptied magma chamber to collapse. Water later filled the collapsed area of the caldera, forming an extension of Yellowstone Lake. This created the source of heat and water that feed the West Thumb Geyser Basin today.
The thermal features at West Thumb are not only found on the lake shore, but extend under the surface of the lake as well. Several underwater hydrothermal features were discovered in the early 1990s and can be seen as slick spots or slight bulges in the summer. During the winter, the underwater thermal features are visible as melt holes in the icy surface of the lake. The surrounding ice can reach three feet (one yard) in thickness.
Perhaps the most famous hydrothermal feature at West Thumb is a geyser on the lake shore known as Fishing Cone. Walter Trumbull of the 1870 Washburn-Langford-Doane Expedition described a unique event while a man was fishing adjacent to the cone: "...in swinging a trout ashore, it accidentally got off the hook and fell into the spring. For a moment it darted about with wonderful rapidity, as if seeking an outlet. Then it came to the top, dead, and literally boiled." Fishing Cone erupted frequently to the height of 40 feet (12 m) in 1919 and to lesser heights in 1939. One fisherman was badly burned in Fishing Cone in 1921. Fishing at the geyser is now prohibited.
Early visitors would arrive at West Thumb via stagecoach from the Old Faithful area. They had a choice of continuing on the stagecoach or boarding the steamship Zillah to continue the journey by water to Lake Hotel. The boat dock was located near the south end of the geyser basin near Lakeside Spring.
Backcountry Geyser Basins
The Heart Lake 44°18′00″N 110°30′56″W, Lone Star 44°24′50″N 110°49′04″W, and Shoshone Geyser Basins 44°21′16″N 110°47′57″W are located away from the road and require at least several miles of hiking to reach. These areas lack the boardwalks and other safety features of the developed areas. As falling into geothermal features can be fatal, it is usually advisable to visit these areas with an experienced guide or at the very least, travelers need to ensure they remain on well-marked trails.
The Heart Lake Geyser Basin contains several groups of geysers and deep blue hot springs near Heart Lake in the south-central portion of Yellowstone, southeast of most of the main geyser basins. Lying in the Snake River watershed east of Lewis Lake and south of Yellowstone Lake, Heart Lake was named sometime before 1871 for Hart Hunney, a hunter. Other explorers in the region incorrectly assumed that the lake's name was spelled 'heart' because of its shape. The Heart Lake Geyser Basin begins a couple miles from the lake and descends along Witch Creek to the lakeshore. Five groups of hydrothermal features comprise the basin, and all of them contain geysers, although some are dormant.
Between Shoshone Lake and Old Faithful is the Lone Star Geyser Basin, of which the primary feature is Lone Star Geyser, named for its isolation from the nearby geysers of the Upper Geyser Basin. The basin is reachable on foot or bicycle via a 3 mile road that is closed to vehicles.
The Shoshone Geyser Basin, reached by hiking or by boat, contains one of the highest concentrations of geysers in the world – more than 80 in an area 1,600 by 800 feet (490 by 240 m). Hot springs and mudpots dot the landscape between the geyser basin and Shoshone Lake.
Hot Spring Basin is located 15 miles (24 km) north-northeast of Fishing Bridge and has one of Yellowstone's largest collections of hot springs and fumaroles. The geothermal features there release large amounts of sulfur. This makes water from the springs so acidic that it has dissolved holes in the pants of people who sit on wet ground and causes mounds of sulfur three feet (1 m) high to develop around fumaroles. The very hot acidic water and steam have also created voids in the ground that are only covered by a thin crust.
Mammoth Hot Springs is a large complex of hot springs on a hill of travertine in Yellowstone National Park adjacent to Fort Yellowstone and the Mammoth Hot Springs Historic District. It was created over thousands of years as hot water from the spring cooled and deposited calcium carbonate (over two tons flow into Mammoth each day in a solution). Because of the huge amount of geothermal vents, travertine flourishes. Although these springs lie outside the caldera boundary, their energy has been attributed to the same magmatic system that fuels other Yellowstone geothermal areas.
The thermal features at Mud Volcano and Sulphur Caldron are primarily mud pots and fumaroles because the area is situated on a perched water system with little water available. Fumaroles or "steam vents" occur when the ground water boils away faster than it can be recharged. Also, the vapors are rich in sulfuric acid that leaches the rock, breaking it down into clay. Because no water washes away the acid or leached rock, it remains as sticky clay to form a mud pot. Hydrogen sulfide gas is present deep in the earth at Mud Volcano and is oxidized to sulfuric acid by microbial activity, which dissolves the surface soils to create pools and cones of clay and mud. Along with hydrogen sulfide, steam, carbon dioxide, and other gases explode through the layers of mud.
A series of shallow earthquakes associated with the volcanic activity in Yellowstone struck this area in 1978. Soil temperatures increased to nearly 200 °F (93 °C). The slope between Sizzling Basin and Mud Geyser, once covered with green grass and trees, became a barren landscape of fallen trees known as "the cooking hillside".
Yellowstone National Park is a national park located in the western United States, largely in the northwest corner of Wyoming and extending into Montana and Idaho. It was established by the 42nd U.S. Congress with the Yellowstone National Park Protection Act and signed into law by President Ulysses S. Grant on March 1, 1872. Yellowstone was the first national park in the U.S. and is also widely held to be the first national park in the world. The park is known for its wildlife and its many geothermal features, especially the Old Faithful geyser, one of its most popular. While it represents many types of biomes, the subalpine forest is the most abundant. It is part of the South Central Rockies forests ecoregion.
While Native Americans have lived in the Yellowstone region for at least 11,000 years, aside from visits by mountain men during the early-to-mid-19th century, organized exploration did not begin until the late 1860s. Management and control of the park originally fell under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Department of the Interior, the first Secretary of the Interior to supervise the park being Columbus Delano. However, the U.S. Army was eventually commissioned to oversee the management of Yellowstone for 30 years between 1886 and 1916. In 1917, the administration of the park was transferred to the National Park Service, which had been created the previous year. Hundreds of structures have been built and are protected for their architectural and historical significance, and researchers have examined more than a thousand archaeological sites.
Yellowstone National Park spans an area of 3,468.4 sq mi (8,983 km2), comprising lakes, canyons, rivers, and mountain ranges. Yellowstone Lake is one of the largest high-elevation lakes in North America and is centered over the Yellowstone Caldera, the largest super volcano on the continent. The caldera is considered a dormant volcano. It has erupted with tremendous force several times in the last two million years. Well over half of the world's geysers and hydrothermal features are in Yellowstone, fueled by this ongoing volcanism. Lava flows and rocks from volcanic eruptions cover most of the land area of Yellowstone. The park is the centerpiece of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, the largest remaining nearly intact ecosystem in the Earth's northern temperate zone. In 1978, Yellowstone was named a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Hundreds of species of mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, and amphibians have been documented, including several that are either endangered or threatened. The vast forests and grasslands also include unique species of plants. Yellowstone Park is the largest and most famous megafauna location in the contiguous United States. Grizzly bears, cougars, wolves, and free-ranging herds of bison and elk live in this park. The Yellowstone Park bison herd is the oldest and largest public bison herd in the United States. Forest fires occur in the park each year; in the large forest fires of 1988, nearly one-third of the park was burnt. Yellowstone has numerous recreational opportunities, including hiking, camping, boating, fishing, and sightseeing. Paved roads provide close access to the major geothermal areas as well as some of the lakes and waterfalls. During the winter, visitors often access the park by way of guided tours that use either snow coaches or snowmobiles.
Teton County is a county in the U.S. state of Wyoming. As of the 2020 United States Census, the population was 23,331. Its county seat is Jackson. Its west boundary line is also the Wyoming state boundary shared with Idaho and the southern tip of Montana. Teton County is part of the Jackson, WY-ID Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Teton County contains the Jackson Hole ski area, all of Grand Teton National Park, and 40.4% of Yellowstone National Park's total area, including over 96.6% of its water area (largely in Yellowstone Lake).
Wyoming is a state in the Mountain West subregion of the Western United States. It borders Montana to the north and northwest, South Dakota and Nebraska to the east, Idaho to the west, Utah to the southwest, and Colorado to the south. With a population of 576,851 in 2020, Wyoming is the least populous state despite being the 10th largest by area, with the second-lowest population density after Alaska. The state capital and most populous city is Cheyenne, which had an estimated population of 63,957 in 2018.
Wyoming's western half consists mostly of the ranges and rangelands of the Rocky Mountains; its eastern half consists of high-elevation prairie, and is referred to as the High Plains. Wyoming's climate is semi-arid in some parts and continental in others, making it drier and windier overall than other states, with greater temperature extremes. The federal government owns just under half of Wyoming's land, generally protecting it for public uses. The state ranks sixth in the amount of land—-and fifth in the proportion of its land—-that is owned by the federal government. Its federal lands include two national parks (Grand Teton and Yellowstone), two national recreation areas, two national monuments, and several national forests, as well as historic sites, fish hatcheries, and wildlife refuges.
Indigenous peoples inhabited the region for thousands of years. Historic and currently federally recognized tribes include the Arapaho, Crow, Lakota, and Shoshone. Part of the land that is now Wyoming came under American sovereignty via the Louisiana Purchase, part via the Oregon Treaty, and, lastly, via the Mexican Cession. With the opening of the Oregon Trail, the Mormon Trail, and the California Trail, vast numbers of pioneers travelled through parts of the state that had once been traversed mainly by fur trappers, and this spurred the establishment of forts, such as Fort Laramie, that today serve as population centers. The Transcontinental Railroad supplanted the wagon trails in 1867 with a route through southern Wyoming, bringing new settlers and the establishment of founding towns, including the state capital of Cheyenne. On March 27, 1890, Wyoming became the union's 44th state.
Farming and ranching, and the attendant range wars, feature prominently in the state's history. Today, Wyoming's economy is largely based on tourism and the extraction of minerals such as coal, natural gas, oil, and trona. Its agricultural commodities include barley, hay, livestock, sugar beets, wheat, and wool.
Wyoming was the first state to allow women the right to vote (not counting New Jersey, which had allowed it until 1807), and the right to assume elected office, as well as the first state to elect a female governor. In honor of this part of its history, its most common nickname is "The Equality State" and its official state motto is "Equal Rights". It is among the least religious states in the country, and is known for having a political culture that leans towards libertarian conservatism. The Republican presidential nominee has carried the state in every election since 1968.
The Black bread mold (Rhizopus stolonifer) is a widely distributed thread-like Mucoralean mold.
Commonly found on bread surfaces, it takes food and nutrients from the bread and causes damage to the surface where it lives.
"Behåret tomat"
Frugtskimmel (Rhizopus stolonifer)
www.plante-doktor.dk/frugtskimmel.htm
www.denstoredanske.dk/Natur_og_milj%C3%B8/Botanik/Lavere_...
"Haarig Tomate"
Der Gemeine Brotschimmel (Rhizopus stolonifer) wächst für gewöhnlich auf kohlenhydratreichen Nahrungsmitteln.
Spc. Graham Douglas member of the Maryland Army National Guard’s C Co., 1-175 Infantry Regiment, based in Glen Burnie, Maryland, distributed food provided by The Maryland Department of Recreation and Parks, at the Reisterstown Senior Center in Reisterstown, Maryland on April 11, 2020.
The food distribution centers are set up in support of the community to assist civil agency partners in their efforts to provide relief for COVID-19. More than 2,000 Maryland National Guard members are activated to support Maryland’s response to COVID-19. The MDNG is working in close coordination with many agencies to support civil authorities to augment civil agency capabilities. MDNG capabilities include medical augmentation, transportation support, food distribution, and more. (U.S. Army National Guard photo by Sgt. Elise Moore)
tea-distributer, resting on the edge of the road with the lower dhankar town in the backdrop. during this celebration of buddha jayanti, food and tea were freely distributed among the people, as they had come from every corner of spiti and beyond.
there are few home stays available down there, but carrying camera or luggage down the sandy sedimentary slope of this mountain was very scary, hence we had to drop the idea of staying there. there are few more high up in the upper town by the nono's palace but again we avoided that too, to avoid any excess physical strain that might ignite acute mountain sickness ams.
see my other tea or drinks related images @ fiveprime.org/flickr_hvmnd.cgi?search_type=Tags&photo...
This undated picture has on the back the words: "Distributing mussels at the foot of Arbroath High Street," The mussels would have been for baiting the hooks.
UNICEF and Partners took to the streets of Conakry today to combat the Ebola outbreak with information on how to keep families safe and to prevent the spread we distributed soap and chlorine.
Stanley Harold `Wacky' Arnolt made a small fortune selling engines and other equipment to the armed forces during World War Two. A former mechanical engineering graduate from the University of Wisconsin and lifelong petrolhead, he set up S.H. Arnolt Inc in Chicago during the late 1940s to distribute MGs and other European imports. A visitor to the 1952 Turin Salon, Arnolt came across a MG TD-based coupe and convertible on the Bertone stand. Smitten by the Italian carrozzeria's work he promptly ordered 100 of each which left Nuccio Bertone somewhat flabbergasted. Production of the Arnolt MG began shortly thereafter and things went well until after about 100 cars had been made MG announced that it could no longer supply powered chassis to Bertone. However, by then Arnolt had invested heavily in Bertone's assembly capabilities and even become one of the Turin firm's directors. After a brief dalliance with Aston Martin, the American entrepreneur successfully negotiated the purchase of 200 404-series chassis and tuned 1971cc engines from Bristol Cars Ltd. Charged with styling the nascent Arnolt Bristol was new Bertone designer / aerodynamicist Franco Scaglione (who would go on to create the famous Alfa Romeo B.A.T. concept cars). To distract the eye from the engine's height (a corollary of its triple Solex downdraught carburetors) and the box-section chassis' compact 96-inch wheelbase, Scaglione clothed the two-seater with a mixture of swooping curves and sharp edges.
Predominantly bodied in steel with an aluminium bonnet and boot, the Arnolt Bristol could be had in roadster or coupe guises (though, just six of the latter were built). However, the roadster was sub-divided into three distinct specifications namely: Competition (pared back racer), Bolide (marginally more civilized) and DeLuxe (full-height windscreen, side windows, convertible roof, glovebox etc). Benefiting from independent transverse-leaf front suspension, a well-located `live' rear axe (via longitudinal torsion bars) and four-wheel drum brakes, the model became renowned for its fine roadholding and balance. Typically developing 130bhp @ 5,500rpm on a 9:1 compression ratio, the Bristol BS1 MKII straight-six was allied to four-speed manual transmission. After testing an Arnolt Bristol in February 1956, Road & Track magazine announced the figures it set (0-60mph in 10.1 seconds and 107mph) were "the best we have ever recorded for a two-litre machine". Leaving the Bristol factory as a powered chassis, each car was then bodied at Bertone before arriving at the Arnolt factory where the finishing touches were applied. Predictably expensive given that it was effectively hand-built across two continents, the sports car could also be had with a variety of options including: a front anti-roll bar, remote shifter, Alfin brake drums, convertible top, bumpers, Borrani KO steel wheels and different back axle ratios etc, while disc brakes were often retro-fitted during the 1960s.
With its low kerb weight (circa 990kg), punchy engine and progressive handling, the model had obvious potential as a racer. Assembling a team of special lightweight cars for the 1955 Sebring 12-hours, Arnolt was rewarded with a 1st, 2nd and 4th finish in the Sports 2000 class. The following year his cars took 2nd and 3rd in class. While in 1957, the Works team withdrew after a fatal accident involving driver Bob Goldich but a privateer Arnolt-Bristol claimed 5th in class. The marque's final class win came during 1960 when the team crossed the line in 14th, 22nd and 39th places overall. Although, no longer competitive in international events, Arnolt Bristols continued racking up SCCA class wins until well into the 1960s. Interestingly, `Wacky' Arnolt entered an Arnolt Bristol Bolide for himself to drive on the 1955 Mille Miglia but never made it to the start line. Built between January 1953 and December 1959, just 142 Arnolt Bristols of all types are thought to have been made. A factory fire resulted in a dozen cars being written off (though, some are thought to have been bought back by the Arnolt company to use as spares). Thus, the best current guess is that something like 85 cars have survived. `Wacky' Arnolt died in 1960 which signalled the beginning of the end for the company that bore his name. His cars, however, live on enjoying a legacy that has little to do with their meagre production numbers but a lot to do with their competition pedigree and outlandish looks.
The well-known American Bristol restorer Mike DiCola has been keeping tabs on numerous Arnolt Bristols since the 1970s and it was he who told the vendor that this particular left-hand drive example - chassis 404/X/3097 - was supplied new to the Governor of Chiapos (Mexico), Efrain Aranda Osorio. Thereafter, the DeLuxe roadster is thought to have migrated to Guatemala before returning to the United States during 1973. Reportedly dry stored for almost three decades, the two-seater was something of a 'barn find' project by the time it arrived in the UK circa 2002. Although rather dilapidated, the non-running Arnolt Bristol was found to pleasingly retain its factory-fitted: chassis, body, engine, gearbox and back axle. Furthermore the presence of the original hood, sidescreens and tyres plus the lack of wear evident when various mechanical assemblies were stripped down led the vendor to conclude that the 7,500 miles shown on its odometer represented the total covered from new. The subject of a leisurely but thorough restoration, chassis 404/X/3097 was UK road registered as '518 XUN' on September 1st 2008. Finished in Sage Green metallic with green leather upholstery, the two-seater is described by the vendor as being in "excellent" condition with regard to its bodywork, paintwork and interior trim, while he rates the engine, gearbox and electrical equipment as "all good". Eligible for a host of prestigious events Europe wide, we are informed that the DeLuxe roadster was invited to Goodwood this year.
This species is widely distributed throughout Britain, except the north of Scotland, and can be locally common. It occupies damp areas and woodland, and has two generations, with adults on the wing in May and June and then in July and August. The larvae are yellowish green, and attractively marked with brown, and feed on the flowers and seeds of wild angelica (Angelica sylvestris) and hogweed (Heracleum). The spring generation also feeds on the flowers of elder (Sambucus nigra). Photo by Nick Dobbs, Bournemouth, Dorset 26-07-18
Werewolf Universal Monster Animated Halloween Figure by Telco, distributed in USA by SunHill, re-design Circa 1991-1992 by MiMo, Mike Mozart.
MiMo Mike Mozart created thousands of commercial products, books toys and infomercial items, with many signed Michael Wolfe! An adaptation of his real name Wolfgang Mikyáll Mozart often shortened to Wolf or Wolfie
A long and successful career, with his first children’s book sold at age 15 which continues to this day at age 60!
In the early 1980’s, MiMo, Mike Mozart, Co-hosted with TX Critter ( that developed into ALF), the classic KidsTime Express on UHF Channel 20, WTXX Waterbury CT TV Show. Paul Fusco, the original puppeteer and creator of the show went on to create the character and TV Show ALF!
Illustrated over 100 Childrens books, many licensed Walt Disney, Muppets, Looney Toons, Ninja Turtles, Uncle Scrooge McDuck and More!
Created thousands of Holiday and Seasonal
Products, many featuring the pantheon of Walt Disneys top licensed characters! Known for the exceptional designs of season Nutcrackers and sweeping product lines for major Retailers for Horizon’s East. And Christmas, Easter-and Halloween licensed character products for SunHill Industries. Massive product lines featuring the Mickey Mouse line of Basic Characters, Mickey, Minnie, Goofy, Pluto Donald Duck and Daisy Duck.
Disney’s Ducktales
Disney’s the Little Mermaid
Disney’s Aladdin
Disney’s Beauty and the Beast
Disney’s, Bambi
Disney’s Hunchback of Notre Dame
Disney’s 100 Dalmatians
Disney’s Chip and Dale Rescue Rangers
Also:
The Flintstones
Teletubbies
Looney Tunes
Crayola
Scooby Doo
The M&Ms Character Family
Universal Monsters
Assisted and wrote gags for top Newspaper comic strip cartoonists throughout the 1980’s, including Bob Weber of Moose and Molly fame, Guy Gilchrist artist of the Muppets Comic Strips, Jerry Marcus of the strip Trudy, Dik Brown of Hagar the Horrible and Hi and Lois, Orlando Busino of Gus, and many more!
A continuing Voice over talent for imported Japanese cartoons, TV Commercials and seasonal animated an sound products for Halloween and Christmas!
Appeared live on QVC and HSN for over a decade live presenting products of his invention and design. Created top selling infomercial items in the 1980’s and 1990’s!
Notable lawn and garden products, tools and household products.
Was a Top Twenty All Time Most viewed and Subscribed for the first 7 years of YouTube garnering more than a Half Billion Views! Many on TheToyChannel and Jeepersmedia on YouTube!
More Recently, A known fine artist having been the Ghost Artist Designer and Mentor to Alec Monopoly.
* My Twitch:
twitch.tv/MikeMozartJeepersmedia
* My TikTok:
* www.tiktok.com/@mimomikemozart
* My Discord:
Real Mike Mozart#4030
* My YouTube
youtube.com/Jeepersmedia
youtube.com/TheToyChannel
youtube.com/MikeMozart
* My Instagram
instagram.com/MikeMozart
* My Twitter
twitter.com/jeepersmedia
* My Creative Commons Flickr
Flickr.com/Jeepersmedia
Brochure distributed around the Dandenong rail corridor for the Andrews Government's level crossing removal program which was part of its election campaign in the November 2014 election
The previous Liberal government had funded a number of crossing removals now underway with a separate package for the Dandenong Line with crossings at Centre Road and Clayton Road in Clayton to go, along with crossings at Carnegie and Murrumbeena. The project was cancelled - labelled a 'con' by Andrews, and a new one initiated which will see the remaining five go as well.
It should be noted here that the treatment now is to locally lower the rail line under the road by default at individual locations rather than regrading large sections or moving the road where it may also be possible. The cost for one location is now in the range of $150 - $200 million with a station rebuild and associated civil works with the government planning to grade separate 50 such locations around Melbourne - all somehow funded by state money alone.
With the cancellation of East West toll road between the Eastern Freeway and CityLink and little construction work in Melbourne at the time of this posting, the Andrews Government has now re-branded the crossing removals as a major project with a 'Level Crossing Removal Authority' (LXRA) to oversee it. The other major project in the pipeline is the Melbourne Metro which will not start construction for some time yet. Other projects to start include widening of the Tullarmarine Freeway and a proposal for a port connection to the already-busy West Gate Freeway as a replacement for East West - first mooted under the Brumby Labor Government's Eddington Transport Plan.
Level crossing removals were done at numerous locations around Melbourne in the 1960's and early 70's before a hiatus of work in the 1980's and 90's (freeway building in Melbourne also went quiet in the 1980s before resuming in the 1990's). Significantly increased rail patronage in recent years meant increased services which have resulted in boom gates down for lengthy periods of time on some lines - particularly on the busy Dandenong Corridor.
The image on this page is of a a Melbourne Comeng set at Murrumbeena station viewed from the footbridge (see map tag) refurbished by EDi Rail which was operated by M>Train when the Melbourne network was split into two private operators. Thanks to Vax80 for the brochure.
Brazilian peacekeepers from the United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH) distribute water and food in Port-au-Prince, Haiti.
22/Jan/2010. Port-au-Prince, Haiti. UN Photo/Marco Dormino. www.un.org/av/photo/
Personnel distribute USAID hygiene kits at a Cholera Treatment Center on Thursday, Oct. 28, in Verrettes in the Artibonite department of Haiti. The center, run by USAID partner International Medical Corps, opened earlier this week. Photo copyright Kendra Helmer/USAID
All rights reserved
In the emergence room, tours of newly distributed Mediterranean Fruitflies are labeled by day, as it takes 5-7 days for them emerge as adults from the pupae casing, inside the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service’s (APHIS) Sarasota Sterile Insect Rearing Facility, April 17, 2019, in Sarasota, Fla., where they process 100,000,000 flies a week.
Plant Protection and Quarantine releases sterile adult Medflies over the highest-risk urban areas of the state (approximately 633 square miles) in Hillsborough, Miami-Dade, Palm Beach and Broward Counties. The target release rate is 125,000 flies/square mile/week. One-hundred million irradiated pupae are received weekly from Guatemala, eclosed at the Sterile Insect Release Facility (SIRF), and released by airplane from an altitude of 1600-2000 feet. These pupae are temperature-sensitive lethal (tsl) strain, rendering the flies released 99.8% male.
New Sterile Insect Release Facility in Sarasota, FL: This facility supports the Medfly Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) Preventive Release Program (PRP), and is the work unit for 24 personnel. The Sarasota PRP was initiated in 2002 in an old ice cream factory, but due to the need to replace the existing aging SIRF, solicitations for a new facility (~30,000 square feet) began in spring 2015 and a lease was awarded in fall 2015 for a new facility located north of the Sarasota-Bradenton International Airport. Ground-breaking for this facility took place in November 2016 and USDA accepted the building on July 23, 2018. This is the first time a facility like this has been built in the continental U.S. The objective is to facilitate and improve efficiency and effectiveness of the program for years to come.
USDA Photo by Preston Keres
RARE SHIRLEY BASSEY italian single. Distributed only in Italy during 1970 for the series FLASH BACK (is n. 4 of a series edited by EMI ITALIAN - 20 reprints of records with various singers and music bands named precisely"Flashback") of the 45 catalog number: EMI Columbia 3C 006 04590 M.
Shirley Bassey – Goldfinger / I (Who Have Nothing)
Etichetta: Odeon – 3C 006 04590 M, EMI – 3C 006 04590 M
Serie: Flash Back (2) – 4
Formato: Vinyl, 7"
Paese: Italy
Uscita: 1968
Genere: Soul
Elenco tracce
AGoldfinger
BI (Who Have Nothing)
Written-By – Parish*
Note
(A): From the Motion Picture "Goldfinger" 007
Codice a barre e altri identificatori
Rights Society: S.I.A.E.
For more information on the Yesterd@ys project, please visit Our Website, or email us at NAHeritage@North-Ayrshire.gov.uk
DISCLAIMER
All archival images on this website have been made available by The North Ayrshire Council in good faith for reference and/or educational purposes only and without intent to breach any proprietary rights which may subsist in the work. Images may not be printed, copied, distributed, published or used for any commercial purposes without the prior written consent of the individual or body which holds such rights. Should any alleged breach of proprietary rights be brought to the attention of The North Ayrshire Council, relevant material will be removed from the website with immediate effect.
The North Ayrshire Council is not responsible for the content, reliability or availability of external websites and cannot be held liable for any loss or damage to the user, of whatever kind, arising either directly or indirectly from use of same. Listing should not be taken as an endorsement of any kind and in particular, of views expressed within any such site.
Distributed by Bert Knechtel, Sauble Beach, ON. Published by Peterborough Post Card Co., Peterborough, ON.
UNICEF and partners took to the streets of Conakry today to combat the Ebola outbreak with information on how to keep families safe and to prevent the spread we distributed soap and chlorine.
Title.
show window
(FUJIFILM GFX50R shot)
Honolulu. America. December. 2019. … 6 / 12
(Today's photo. It is unpublished.)
images
Bill Evans & Tony Bennett - Some Other Time
youtu.be/_6HVhJZXwVo?si=TuwtX_pQJ3sTtSJi
1977 Live Video
youtu.be/TljjMBDJjMc?si=3JWSAVX75iPreUBp
::Link photo music and iTunes playlist::
music.apple.com/jp/playlist/photo-music/pl.u-Eg8qefpy8Xz
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Important Notices.
I have relaxed the following conditions.
I will distribute my T-shirt to the world for free.
m.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/50656401427/in/dateposted-p...
m.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/50613367691/in/dateposted-p...
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Exhibition in 2024
theme
I Thought About You . (tentative title)
Images
Miles Davis - I Thought About You (Live at Philharmonic Hall, New York, NY - February 1964)
youtu.be/Rc1Afa7k8TM?si=89sN4WDE7AUO-Kwu
Mitsushiro - Nakagawa
Sponsored by
design festa
place
Tokyo Big Site
schedule
2024. autumn.
exhibition.mitsushiro.nakagawa@gmail.com
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Notice regarding "Lot No.402_”.
From now on # I will host "Lot No.402_".
The work of Leonardo da Vinci who was sleeping.
That is the number when it was put up for auction.
No sign was written on the work.
So this work couldn't conclude that it was his work.
However # as a result of various appraisals # it was exposed to the sun.
A work that no one notices. A work that speaks quietly without a title.
I will continue to strive to provide it to many people in various ways.
October 24 2020 by Mitsushiro - Nakagawa.
Mitsushiro Nakagawa belong to Lot No. 402 _.Copyright©︎2023 Lot No.402_ All rights reserved.
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Profile.
In November 2014 # we caught the attention of the party selected to undertake the publicity for a mobile phone that changed the face of the world with just a single model # and will conclude a confidentiality agreement with them.
drive.google.com/drive/folders/1vBRMWGk29EmsoBV2o9NM1LIVi...
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Interviews and novels.
About my book.
I published a book a long time ago.
At that time # I uploaded my interview as a PDF on the internet.
Its Japanese and English.
I will publish it for free.
For details # I explained to the Amazon site.
How to write a novel.
How to take a picture.
A sense of distance to the work.
All of these have something in common.
I wrote down what I felt and left it.
I hope my text will be read by many people.
Thank you.
Mitsushiro.
1 Interview in English
2 novels. unforgettable 'English version.(This book is Dedicated to the future artist.)
3 Interview Japanese version
4 novels. unforgettable ' JPN version.
5 A streamlined trajectory. only Japanese.
drive.google.com/drive/folders/1vBRMWGk29EmsoBV2o9NM1LIVi...
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iBooks. Electronic Publishing. It is free now.
0.about the iBooks.
drive.google.com/drive/folders/1vBRMWGk29EmsoBV2o9NM1LIVi...
1.unforgettable '(ENG.ver.)(This book is Dedicated to the future artist.)
itunes.apple.com/us/book/unforgettable/id1216576828?ls=1&...
2.unforgettable '(JNP.ver.)(This book is Dedicated to the future artist.)
itunes.apple.com/us/book/unforgettable/id1216584262?ls=1&...
3. Streamlined trajectory.(For Japanese only.)
itunes.apple.com/us/book/%E6%B5%81%E7%B7%9A%E5%BD%A2%E3%8... =11
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My Novel : Unforgettable'
(This book is Dedicated to the future artist.)
Synopsis
Kei Kitami, who is aiming for university, meets Kaori Uemura, an event companion who is 6 years older than her, on SNS.
Kaori's dream of coming to Tokyo is to become friends with a famous artist.
For that purpose, the radio station's producer, Ryo Osawa, was needed.
Osawa speaks to Kaori during a live radio broadcast.
"I have a wife and children. But I want to meet you."
Rika Sanjo, who is Kei's classmate and has feelings for him, has been looking into her girlfriend Kaori's movements. . . . .
Mitsushiro Nakagawa
All Translated by Yumi Ikeda .
images.
U2 - No Line On The Horizon Live in Dublin
www.youtube.com/watch?v=_oKwnkYFsiE&feature=related
Main story
There are two reasons why a person faces the sea.
One to enjoy a slice of shine in the sea like children bubbling over in the beach.
The other to brush the dust of memory like an old man who misses old days staring at the shine
quietly.
Those lead to only one meaning though they do not seem to overlap. It’s a rebirth.
I face myself to change tomorrow a vague day into something certain.
That is the meaning of a rebirth.
I had a very sweet girlfriend when I was 18.
After she left I knew the meaning of gentleness for the first time and also a true pain of loss. After
she left # how many times did I depend too much on her # doubt her # envy her and keep on telling lies
until I realized it is love?
I wonder whether a nobody like me could have given something to her who was struggling in the
daily life in those days. Giving something is arrogant conceit. It is nothing but self-satisfaction.
I had been thinking about such a thing.
However I guess what she saw in me was because I had nothing. That‘s why she tried to see
something in me. Perhaps she found a slight possibility in me # a guy filled with ambiguous unstable
tomorrow. But I wasted days depending too much on her gentleness.
Now I finally can convey how I felt in those days when we met.
1/9
www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/24577016535/in/dateposted...
2/9
www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/24209330259/in/dateposted...
3/9
www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/23975215274/in/dateposted...
4/9
www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/24515964952/in/dateposted...
5/9
www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/24276473749/in/dateposted...
6/9
www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/24548895082/in/dateposted...
7/9
www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/24594603711/in/dateposted...
8/9
www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/24588215562/in/dateposted...
9/9
www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/24100804163/in/dateposted...
Fin.
images.
U2 - No Line On The Horizon
www.youtube.com/watch?v=_oKwnkYFsiE&feature=related
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Title of my book : unforgettable'
Author : Mitsushiro Nakagawa
Out Now.
ISBN978-4-86264-866-2
in Amazon.
Unforgettable’ amzn.asia/d/eG1wNc5
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The schedule of the next novel.
Still would stand all time. (Unforgettable '2)
(It will not go away forever)
Please give me some more time. That is Japanese.
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My Works.
1 www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/48072442376/in/dateposted...
2 www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/48078949821/in/dateposted...
3 www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/48085863356/in/dateposted...
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Do you want to hear my voice?
:)
1
About the composition of the picture posted to Flicker. First type.
2
About the composition of the picture posted to Flicker. Second type.
3
About when I started Fotolog. Architect 's point of view.
4
Why did not you have a camera so far?
5
What is the coolest thing? The photo is as it is.
6
About the current YouTube bar. I also want to tell # I want to leave.
7
About Japanese photographers. Japanese YouTube bar is Pistols.
8
The composition of the photograph is sensibility. Meet the designers in Milan. Two questions.
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What is a good composition? What is a bad composition?
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What is the time to point the camera? It is slow if you are looking into the viewfinder or display.
11
Family photos. I can not take pictures with others. The inside of the subject.
12
About YouTube 's photographer. Camera technology etc. Sensibility is polished by reading books.
13
About the Japanese newspaper. A picture of a good newspaper is Reuters. If you continue to look at useless photographs # it will be useless.
14
About Japanese photographers. About the exhibition.
Summary. I wrote a novel etc. What I want to tell the most.
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I talked about how to make a work.
About work production 1/2
About work production 2/2
1 Photo exhibition up to that point. Did you want to go?
2 Well # what is an exhibition that you want to visit even if you go there?
3 Challenge to exhibit one work every month before opening a solo exhibition at the Harajuku Design Festa.
4 works are materials and silhouettes. Similar to fashion.
5 Who is your favorite artist? What is it? Make it clear.
6 Creating a collage is exactly the same as taking photos. As I wrote in the interview # it is the same as writing a novel.
7 I want to show it to someone # but I do not make a piece to show it. Aim for the work you want to decorate your own room as in the photo.
8 What is copycat? Nowadays # it is suspected to be beaten. There is something called Mimesis?
kotobank.jp/word/Mimesis-139464
9 What is Individuality? What is originality?
www.youtube.com/user/mitsushiro/
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Explanation of composition. 2
1.Composition explanation 2 ... 1/4
2.Composition explanation 2 ... 2/4
3.Composition Explanation 2 ... 3/4
4.Composition Explanation 2 ... 4/4
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My shutter feeling.
Today's photo.
It is a photo taken from Eurostar.
This video is an explanation.
I went to Milan in 2005.
At that time # I went from Milan to Venice.
We took Eurostar into the transportation.
This photo was not taken from a very fast Eurostar.
When I changed the track # I took a picture at the moment I slowed down.
Is there a Japanese beside you?
Please have my video translated.
:)
In the Eurostar to Venice . 2005. shot ... 1 / 2
www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/49127115021/in/dateposted...
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Miles Davis sheet 1955-1976.
drive.google.com/drive/folders/1vBRMWGk29EmsoBV2o9NM1LIVi...
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flickr.
www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/
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instagram.
www.instagram.com/mitsushiro_nakagawa/
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Pinterest.
www.pinterest.jp/MitsushiroNakagawa/
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YouPic
youpic.com/photographer/mitsushironakagawa/
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twitter.
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facebook.
www.facebook.com/mitsushiro.nakagawa
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threads.
www.threads.net/@mitsushiro_nakagawa
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Amazon.
www.amazon.co.jp/gp/profile/amzn1.account.AHSKI3YMYPYE5UE...
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What is the number of accesses to Flickr and YouPic?
(As of November 13, 2023)
Flickr 20,852,872 View
Youpic 6,671,486 View
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Japanese is the following.
drive.google.com/drive/folders/1vBRMWGk29EmsoBV2o9NM1LIVi...
Title of my book unforgettable' Mitsushiro Nakagawa Out Now. ISBN978-4-86264-866-2
Mitsu Nakagawa belong to Lot No. 204 _ . Copyright©︎2020 Lot No.402_ All rights reserved.
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Title.
ショウウィンドウ。
( FUJIFILM GFX50R shot )
ホノルル。アメリカ。12月. 2019年。 … 6 / 12
(今日の写真。それは未発表です。）
images
Bill Evans & Tony Bennett - Some Other Time
youtu.be/_6HVhJZXwVo?si=TuwtX_pQJ3sTtSJi
(1977 Live Video)
youtu.be/TljjMBDJjMc?si=kK6whWI_dhG7X__B
::写真の音楽とiTunesプレイリストをリンク::
music.apple.com/jp/playlist/photo-music/pl.u-Eg8qefpy8Xz
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重要なお知らせ。
僕は以下の条件を緩和します。
僕はTシャツを無料で世界中へ配布します。
m.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/50656401427/in/dateposted-p...
m.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/50613367691/in/dateposted-p...
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２０２４年の展示
テーマ
I Thought About You . ( 仮題 )
Images
Miles Davis - I Thought About You (Live at Philharmonic Hall, New York, NY - February 1964)
youtu.be/Rc1Afa7k8TM?si=89sN4WDE7AUO-Kwu
Mitsushiro - Nakagawa
主催
デザインフェスタ
場所
東京ビッグサイト
日程
2024年。秋。
exhibition.mitsushiro.nakagawa@gmail.com
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” Lot No.402_ ” に関するお知らせ。
今後、僕は、” Lot No.402_ ”を主催します。
このロットナンバーは、眠っていたレオナルドダヴィンチの作品がオークションにかけらた際に付されたものです。
作品にはサインなどがいっさい記されていなかったため、彼の作品だと断定できませんでした。
しかし、様々な鑑定の結果、陽の光を浴びました。
誰にも気づかれない作品。肩書がなくとも静かに語りかける作品。
僕はこれから様々な形で、多くの皆様に提供できるよう努めてゆきます。
2020年10月24日 by Mitsushiro - Nakagawa.
Copyright©︎2021 Lot No.402_ All rights reserved.
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プロフィール
2014年11月、たった1機種で世界を塗り替えた携帯電話の広告を請け負った選考者の目に留まり、秘密保持同意書を結ぶ。
drive.google.com/drive/folders/1vBRMWGk29EmsoBV2o9NM1LIVi...
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インタビューと小説。
僕の本について。
僕は、昔に本を出版しました。
その際に、僕のインタビューをPDFでネット上へアップロードしていました。
その日本語と英語。
僕は、無料でを公開します。
詳細は、アマゾンのサイトへ解説しました。
小説の書き方。
写真の撮影方法。
作品への距離感。
これらはすべて共通項があります。
僕は、僕が感じたことを文章にして、残しました。
僕のテキストが多くの人に読んでもらえることを望みます。
ありがとう。
Mitsushiro.
drive.google.com/drive/folders/1vBRMWGk29EmsoBV2o9NM1LIVi...
１ インタビュー 英語版
２ 小説。unforgettable’ 英語版。
３ インタビュー 日本語版
４ 小説。unforgettable’ 日本語版。(この小説は未来のアーティストへ捧げます)
(四百字詰め原稿用紙４５６枚)
あらすじ
大学を目指している北見ケイは、SNS上で、6歳年上のイベントコンパニオン、上村香織に出会う。
上京してきた香織の夢は、有名なアーティストの友達になるためだ。
そのためにはラジオ局のプロデューサー、大沢亮の存在が必要だった。
大沢は、ラジオの生放送中、香織へ語りかける。
「僕には妻子がある。しかし、僕は君に会いたいと思っている」
ケイの同級生で、彼を想っている三條里香は、香織の動向を探っていた。。。。。
本編
人が海へ向かう理由には、二つある。
ひとつは、波打ち際ではしゃぐ子供のように、今の瞬間の海の輝きを楽しむこと。
もうひとつは、その輝きを静かに見据えて、過ぎ去った日々を懐かしむ老人のように記憶の埃を払うこと。
二つは重なり合わないようではあるけれども、たったひとつの意味しか生まない。
再生だ。
明日っていう、曖昧な日を確実なものへと変えてゆくために、自分の存在に向き合う。
それが再生の意味だ。
十八歳だった僕には大切な人がいた。
drive.google.com/drive/folders/1vBRMWGk29EmsoBV2o9NM1LIVi...
５ 流線形の軌跡。 日本語のみ。
drive.google.com/drive/folders/1vBRMWGk29EmsoBV2o9NM1LIVi...
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iBooks.電子出版。（現在は無料）
0.about the iBooks.
drive.google.com/drive/folders/1vBRMWGk29EmsoBV2o9NM1LIVi...
1.unforgettable’ ( ENG.ver.)(This book is Dedicated to the future artist.)
itunes.apple.com/us/book/unforgettable/id1216576828?ls=1&...
For Japanese only.
2.unforgettable’ ( JNP.ver.)(この小説は未来のアーティストへ捧げます)
itunes.apple.com/us/book/unforgettable/id1216584262?ls=1&...
3.流線形の軌跡。
itunes.apple.com/us/book/%E6%B5%81%E7%B7%9A%E5%BD%A2%E3%8...
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僕の小説。英語版
My Novel Unforgettable' (This book is Dedicated to the future artist.)
Mitsushiro Nakagawa
All Translated by Yumi Ikeda .
1/9
www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/24577016535/in/dateposted...
2/9
www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/24209330259/in/dateposted...
3/9
www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/23975215274/in/dateposted...
4/9
www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/24515964952/in/dateposted...
5/9
www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/24276473749/in/dateposted...
6/9
www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/24548895082/in/dateposted...
7/9
www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/24594603711/in/dateposted...
8/9
www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/24588215562/in/dateposted...
9/9
www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/24100804163/in/dateposted...
Fin.
images.
U2 - No Line On The Horizon Live in Dublin
www.youtube.com/watch?v=_oKwnkYFsiE&feature=related
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Title of my book : unforgettable'
Author : Mitsushiro Nakagawa
Out Now.
ISBN978-4-86264-866-2
in Amazon.
Unforgettable’ amzn.asia/d/eG1wNc5
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僕の作品。
1 www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/48072442376/in/dateposted...
2 www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/48078949821/in/dateposted...
3 www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/48085863356/in/dateposted...
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あなたは僕の声を聞きたいですか？
:)
1
フリッカーへ投稿した写真の構図について。１種類目。
2
フリッカーへ投稿した写真の構図について。２種類目。
3
Fotologを始めた時について。 建築家の視点。
4
なぜ、今までカメラを手にしなかったのか？
5
何が一番かっこいいのか？ 写真はありのままに。
6
現在のユーチューバーについて。僕も伝え、残したい。
7
日本人の写真家について。日本のユーチューバーはピストルズ。
8
写真の構図は、感性。ミラノのデザイナーに会って。二つの質問。
9
良い構図とは？ 悪い構図とは？
10
カメラを向ける時とは？ ファインダーやディスプレイを覗いていては遅い。
11
家族写真。他人では撮れない。被写体の内面。
12
ユーチューブの写真家について。カメラの技術等。感性は、本を読むことで磨く。
13
日本の新聞について。良い新聞の写真はロイター。ダメな写真を見続けるとダメになる。
14
日本の写真家について。その展示について。
まとめ。僕が書いた小説など。僕が最も伝えたいこと。
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作品制作について 1/2
作品制作について 2/2
１ それまでの写真展。自分は行きたいと思ったか？
２ じゃ、自分が足を運んででも行きたい展示とは何か？
３ 原宿デザインフェスタで個展を開くまでに、毎月ひとつの作品を展示することにチャレンジ。
４ 作品とは、素材とシルエット。ファッションと似ている。
５ 自分が好きなアーティストは誰か？ どんなものなのか？ そこをはっきりさせる。
６ コラージュの作成も写真の撮り方と全く同じ。インタビューに書いたように小説の書き方とも同じ。
７ 誰かに見せたい、見せるがために作品は作らない。写真と同じように自分の部屋に飾りたい作品を目指す。
８ パクリとは何か？ 昨今、叩かれるパクリ疑惑。ミメーシスとは？
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ミメーシス
https://kotobank.jp/word/ミメーシス-139464
９ 個性とはなにか？ オリジナリティってなに？
おまけ 眞子さまについて
という流れです。
お時間がある方は是非聴いてください。
:)
www.youtube.com/user/mitsushiro/
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構図の解説２
1.構図の解説２ ... 1/4
2.構図の解説２ ... 2/4
3.構図の解説２ ... 3/4
4.構図の解説２ ... 4/4
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僕のシャッター感覚
In the Eurostar to Venice . 2005. shot ... 1 / 2
www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/49127115021/in/dateposted...
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Miles Davis sheet 1955-1976.
drive.google.com/drive/folders/1vBRMWGk29EmsoBV2o9NM1LIVi...
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flickr.
www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/
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YouTube.
www.youtube.com/user/mitsushiro/
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instagram.
www.instagram.com/mitsushiro_nakagawa/
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Pinterest.
www.pinterest.jp/MitsushiroNakagawa/
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YouPic
youpic.com/photographer/mitsushironakagawa/
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fotolog
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twitter.
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facebook.
www.facebook.com/mitsushiro.nakagawa
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threads.
www.threads.net/@mitsushiro_nakagawa
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Amazon.
www.amazon.co.jp/gp/profile/amzn1.account.AHSKI3YMYPYE5UE...
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僕の統計。（2023年11月13日現在）
フリッカー、ユーピクのアクセス数は？
Flickr 20,852,872 View
Youpic 6,671,486 View
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Japanese is the following.
drive.google.com/drive/folders/1vBRMWGk29EmsoBV2o9NM1LIVi...
Title of my book unforgettable' Mitsushiro Nakagawa Out Now. ISBN978-4-86264-866-2
Mitsushiro Nakagawa belong to Lot no.204_ . Copyright©︎2020 Lot no.204_ All rights reserved.
_________________________________
_________________________________
” Lot No.402_ ” に関するお知らせ。
今後、僕は、” Lot No.402_ ”を主催します。
このロットナンバーは、眠っていたレオナルドダヴィンチの作品がオークションにかけらた際に付されたものです。
作品にはサインなどがいっさい記されていなかったため、彼の作品だと断定できませんでした。
しかし、様々な鑑定の結果、陽の光を浴びました。
誰にも気づかれない作品。肩書がなくとも静かに語りかける作品。
僕はこれから様々な形で、多くの皆様に提供できるよう努めてゆきます。
2020年10月24日 by Mitsushiro - Nakagawa.
Copyright©︎2023 Lot No.402_ All rights reserved.
_________________________________
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#IThoughtAboutYou #MilesDavis #Exhibition #デザインフェスタ #デザフェス #designfesta #tokyobigsight #東京ビッグサイト
#GFX50R #FUJIFILM #富士フィルム #展示 #ハワイ #アメリカ #ホノルル #hawaii #usa #honolulu
#kawamuramemorialdicmuseumofart #川村記念美術館 #BillEvans #TonyBennett #SomeOtherTime
#エンタメ #ジャニーズ #政治 #裏金 #10代に見て欲しい映画 #20代に見て欲しい映画 #30代に見て欲しい映画 #アフューグッドマン #トムクルーズ #ジャックニコルソン #デミムーア #映画 #名作 #洋画
#会社の仕組み #組織の仕組み #人事の仕組み
ユーチューブ、更新しました。２０２３年、総まとめ😇
youtu.be/fPZBtlqQUpE?si=Q116Z5BN0rYqxFGg
１ エンタメ ジャニーズに関して
⚪︎井ノ原さんの対応はどうだったのか？
⚪︎もうしつこく追求しなくてもいいんじゃない？
２ 政治経済 裏金について
⚪︎議員、首相らはお給料を大幅に上げる。
⚪︎しかし、悪いことをしたら罪を重くすること。
親父の言葉、【正直者がバカを見る世の中にしてはいけない】
３ １０代、２０代、３０代には、絶対見てほしい映画
www.bing.com/search?FORM=BGAS...
映画、アフューグッドマン
トムクルーズ、ジャックニコルソン、デミムーア
#エンタメ #ジャニーズ #政治 #裏金 #10代に見て欲しい映画 #20代に見て欲しい映画 #30代に見て欲しい映画 #アフューグッドマン #トムクルーズ #ジャックニコルソン #デミムーア #映画 #名作 #洋画
The largest school district in Iowa is not going to finish the year in the classroom but through distance learning. A big first step is making sure students have access to technology at home. I dropped by North and Roosevelt high schools as laptops were being distributed to high school seniors in need.
Leaflet distributed by MITTELDEUTSCHES BRAUNKOHLEN -SYNDIKAT 1932 G.m.b.H. A Solid Fuel Water Heater using
'Braunkohlen' briquettes. 'Brown Coal' is Lignite, which is not exactly peat, not exactly coal, but somewhere in between.
The geothermal areas of Yellowstone include several geyser basins in Yellowstone National Park as well as other geothermal features such as hot springs, mud pots, and fumaroles. The number of thermal features in Yellowstone is estimated at 10,000. A study that was completed in 2011 found that a total of 1,283 geysers have erupted in Yellowstone, 465 of which are active during an average year. These are distributed among nine geyser basins, with a few geysers found in smaller thermal areas throughout the Park. The number of geysers in each geyser basin are as follows: Upper Geyser Basin (410), Midway Geyser Basin (59), Lower Geyser Basin (283), Norris Geyser Basin (193), West Thumb Geyser Basin (84), Gibbon Geyser Basin (24), Lone Star Geyser Basin (21), Shoshone Geyser Basin (107), Heart Lake Geyser Basin (69), other areas (33). Although famous large geysers like Old Faithful are part of the total, most of Yellowstone's geysers are small, erupting to only a foot or two. The hydrothermal system that supplies the geysers with hot water sits within an ancient active caldera. Many of the thermal features in Yellowstone build up sinter, geyserite, or travertine deposits around and within them.
The various geyser basins are located where rainwater and snowmelt can percolate into the ground, get indirectly superheated by the underlying Yellowstone hotspot, and then erupt at the surface as geysers, hot springs, and fumaroles. Thus flat-bottomed valleys between ancient lava flows and glacial moraines are where most of the large geothermal areas are located. Smaller geothermal areas can be found where fault lines reach the surface, in places along the circular fracture zone around the caldera, and at the base of slopes that collect excess groundwater. Due to the Yellowstone Plateau's high elevation the average boiling temperature at Yellowstone's geyser basins is 199 °F (93 °C). When properly confined and close to the surface it can periodically release some of the built-up pressure in eruptions of hot water and steam that can reach up to 390 feet (120 m) into the air (see Steamboat Geyser, the world's tallest geyser). Water erupting from Yellowstone's geysers is superheated above that boiling point to an average of 204 °F (95.5 °C) as it leaves the vent. The water cools significantly while airborne and is no longer scalding hot by the time it strikes the ground, nearby boardwalks, or even spectators. Because of the high temperatures of the water in the features it is important that spectators remain on the boardwalks and designated trails. Several deaths have occurred in the park as a result of falls into hot springs.
Prehistoric Native American artifacts have been found at Mammoth Hot Springs and other geothermal areas in Yellowstone. Some accounts state that the early people used hot water from the geothermal features for bathing and cooking. In the 19th century Father Pierre-Jean De Smet reported that natives he interviewed thought that geyser eruptions were "the result of combat between the infernal spirits". The Lewis and Clark Expedition traveled north of the Yellowstone area in 1806. Local natives that they came upon seldom dared to enter what we now know is the caldera because of frequent loud noises that sounded like thunder and the belief that the spirits that possessed the area did not like human intrusion into their realm. The first white man known to travel into the caldera and see the geothermal features was John Colter, who had left the Lewis and Clark Expedition. He described what he saw as "hot spring brimstone". Beaver trapper Joseph Meek recounted in 1830 that the steam rising from the various geyser basins reminded him of smoke coming from industrial smokestacks on a cold winter morning in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. In the 1850s famed trapper Jim Bridger called it "the place where Hell bubbled up".
The heat that drives geothermal activity in the Yellowstone area comes from brine (salty water) that is 1.5–3 miles (7,900–15,800 ft; 2,400–4,800 m) below the surface. This is actually below the solid volcanic rock and sediment that extends to a depth of 3,000 to 6,000 feet (900 to 1,800 m) and is inside the hot but mostly solid part of the pluton that contains Yellowstone's magma chamber. At that depth the brine is superheated to temperatures that exceed 400 °F (204 °C) but is able to remain a liquid because it is under great pressure (like a huge pressure cooker).
Convection of the churning brine and conduction from surrounding rock transfers heat to an overlaying layer of fresh groundwater. Movement of the two liquids is facilitated by the highly fractured and porous nature of the rocks under the Yellowstone Plateau. Some silica is dissolved from the fractured rhyolite into the hot water as it travels through the fractured rock. Part of this hard mineral is later redeposited on the walls of the cracks and fissures to make a nearly pressure-tight system. Silica precipitates at the surface to form either geyserite or sinter, creating the massive geyser cones, the scalloped edges of hot springs, and the seemingly barren landscape of geyser basins.
There are at least five types of geothermal features found at Yellowstone:
Fumaroles: Fumaroles, or steam vents, are the hottest hydrothermal features in the park. They have so little water that it all flashes into steam before reaching the surface. At places like Roaring Mountain, the result is loud hissing of steam and gases.
Geysers: Geysers such as Old Faithful are a type of geothermal feature that periodically erupt scalding hot water. Increased pressure exerted by the enormous weight of the overlying rock and water prevents deeper water from boiling. As the hot water rises it is under less pressure and steam bubbles form. They, in turn, expand on their ascent until the bubbles are too big and numerous to pass freely through constrictions. At a critical point the confined bubbles actually lift the water above, causing the geyser to splash or overflow. This decreases the pressure of the system and violent boiling results. Large quantities of water flash into tremendous amounts of steam that force a jet of water out of the vent: an eruption begins. Water (and heat) is expelled faster than the geyser's recharge rate, gradually decreasing the system's pressure and eventually ending the eruption.
Hot springs: Hot springs such as Grand Prismatic Spring are the most common hydrothermal features in the park. Their plumbing has no constrictions. Superheated water cools as it reaches the surface, sinks, and is replaced by hotter water from below. This circulation, called convection, prevents water from reaching the temperature needed to set off an eruption. Many hot springs give rise to streams of heated water.
Mudpots: Mudpots such as Fountain Paint Pots are acidic hot springs with a limited water supply. Some microorganisms use hydrogen sulfide (rotten egg smell), which rises from deep within the earth, as an energy source. They convert the gas into sulfuric acid, which breaks down rock into clay.
Travertine terraces: Travertine terraces, found at Mammoth Hot Springs, are formed from limestone (a rock type made of calcium carbonate). Thermal waters rise through the limestone, carrying high amounts of dissolved carbonate. Carbon dioxide is released at the surface and calcium carbonate deposited as travertine, the chalky white rock of the terraces. These features constantly and quickly change due to the rapid rate of deposition.
Geyser basins
The Norris Geyser Basin 44°43′43″N 110°42′16″W is the hottest geyser basin in the park and is located near the northwest edge of Yellowstone Caldera near Norris Junction and on the intersection of three major faults. The Norris-Mammoth Corridor is a fault that runs from Norris north through Mammoth to the Gardiner, Montana, area. The Hebgen Lake fault runs from northwest of West Yellowstone, Montana, to Norris. This fault experienced an earthquake in 1959 that measured 7.4 on the Richter scale (sources vary on exact magnitude between 7.1 and 7.8; see 1959 Hebgen Lake earthquake). Norris Geyser Basin is so hot and dynamic because these two faults intersect with the ring fracture zone that resulted from the creation of the Yellowstone Caldera of 640,000 years ago.
The Basin consists of three main areas: Porcelain Basin, Back Basin, and One Hundred Springs Plain. Unlike most of other geyser basins in the park, the waters from Norris are acidic rather than alkaline (for example, Echinus Geyser has a pH of ~3.5). The difference in pH allows for a different class of bacterial thermophiles to live at Norris, creating different color patterns in and around the Norris Basin waters.
The Ragged Hills that lie between Back Basin and One Hundred Springs Plain are thermally altered glacial kames. As glaciers receded the underlying thermal features began to express themselves once again, melting remnants of the ice and causing masses of debris to be dumped. These debris piles were then altered by steam and hot water flowing through them. Madison lies within the eroded stream channels cut through lava flows formed after the caldera eruption. The Gibbon Falls lies on the caldera boundary as does Virginia Cascades.
Algae on left bacteria on right at the intersection of flows from the Constant & Whirlgig Geysers at Norris Geyser Basin
The tallest active geyser in the world, Steamboat Geyser,[11] is located in Norris Basin. Unlike the slightly smaller but much more famous Old Faithful Geyser located in Upper Geyser Basin, Steamboat has an erratic and lengthy timetable between major eruptions. During major eruptions, which may be separated by intervals of more than a year (the longest recorded span between major eruptions was 50 years), Steamboat erupts over 300 feet (90 m) into the air. Steamboat does not lie dormant between eruptions, instead displaying minor eruptions of approximately 40 feet (12 m).
Norris Geyser Basin periodically undergoes a large-scale, basin-wide thermal disturbance lasting a few weeks. Water levels fluctuate, and temperatures, pH, colors, and eruptive patterns change throughout the basin. During a disturbance in 1985, Porkchop Geyser continually jetted steam and water; in 1989, the same geyser apparently clogged with silica and blew up, throwing rocks more than 200 feet (61 m). In 2003 a park ranger observed it bubbling heavily, the first such activity seen since 1991. Activity increased dramatically in mid-2003. Because of high ground temperatures and new features beside the trail much of Back Basin was closed until October. In 2004 the boardwalk was routed around the dangerous area and now leads behind Porkchop Geyser.
North of Norris, Roaring Mountain is a large, acidic hydrothermal area (solfatara) with many fumaroles. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the number, size, and power of the fumaroles were much greater than today. The fumaroles are most easily seen in the cooler, low-light conditions of morning and evening.
The Gibbon Geyser Basin 44°41′58″N 110°44′34″W includes several thermal areas in the vicinity of the Gibbon River between Gibbon Falls and Norris. The most accessible feature in the basin is Beryl Spring, with a small boardwalk right along the Grand Loop Road. Artists' Paintpots is a small hydrothermal area south of Norris Junction that includes colorful hot springs and two large mudpots.
The Monument Geyser Basin 44°41′03″N 110°45′14″W has no active geysers, but its 'monuments' are siliceous sinter deposits similar to the siliceous spires discovered on the floor of Yellowstone Lake. Scientists hypothesize that this basin's structures formed from a hot water system in a glacially dammed lake during the waning stages of the Pinedale Glaciation. The basin is on a ridge reached by a very steep one-mile (1.6 km) trail south of Artists' Paint Pots. Other areas of thermal activity in Gibbon Geyser Basin lie off-trail.
South of Norris along the rim of the caldera is the Upper Geyser Basin 44°27′52″N 110°49′45″W, which has the highest concentration of geothermal features in the park. This complement of features includes the most famous geyser in the park, Old Faithful Geyser, as well as four other predictable large geysers. One of these large geysers in the area is Castle Geyser which is about 1,400 feet (430 m) northwest of Old Faithful. Castle Geyser has an interval of approximately 13 hours between major eruptions, but is unpredictable after minor eruptions. The other three predictable geysers are Grand Geyser, Daisy Geyser, and Riverside Geyser. Biscuit Basin and Black Sand Basin are also within the boundaries of Upper Geyser Basin.
The hills surrounding Old Faithful and the Upper Geyser Basin are reminders of Quaternary rhyolitic lava flows. These flows, occurring long after the catastrophic eruption of 640,000 years ago, flowed across the landscape like stiff mounds of bread dough due to their high silica content.
Evidence of glacial activity is common, and it is one of the keys that allows geysers to exist. Glacier till deposits underlie the geyser basins providing storage areas for the water used in eruptions. Many landforms, such as Porcupine Hills north of Fountain Flats, are made up of glacial gravel and are reminders that 70,000 to 14,000 years ago, this area was buried under ice.
Signs of the forces of erosion can be seen everywhere, from runoff channels carved across the sinter in the geyser basins to the drainage created by the Firehole River. Mountain building is evident on the drive south of Old Faithful, toward Craig Pass. Here the Rocky Mountains reach a height of 8,262 feet (2,518 m), dividing the country into two distinct watersheds.
Midway Geyser Basin 44°31′04″N 110°49′56″W is much smaller than the other basins found alongside the Firehole River. Despite its small size, it contains two large features, the 200-by-300-foot-wide (60 by 90 m) Excelsior Geyser which pours over 4,000 U.S. gallons (15,000 L; 3,300 imp gal) per minute into the Firehole River. The largest hot spring in Yellowstone, the 370-foot-wide (110 m) and 121-foot-deep (37 m) Grand Prismatic Spring is found here. Also in the basin is Turquoise Pool and Opal Pool.
Lower Geyser Basin
Blue spring with steam rising from it; irregular blotches of red and orange residue are on the banks, along with dead tree trunks.
Silex Spring at Fountain Paint Pot
Farther north is the Lower Geyser Basin 44°32′58″N 110°50′09″W, which is the largest geyser basin in area, covering approximately 11 square miles. Due to its large size, it has a much less concentrated set of geothermal features, including Fountain Paint Pots. Fountain Paint Pots are mud pots, that is, a hot spring that contains boiling mud instead of water. The mud is produced by a higher acidity in the water which enables the spring to dissolve surrounding minerals to create an opaque, usually grey, mud. Also there is Firehole Spring, Celestine Pool, Leather Pool, Red Spouter, Jelly spring, and a number of fumaroles.
Geysers in Lower Geyser Basin include Great Fountain Geyser, whose eruptions reach 100 to 200 feet (30–61 m) in the air, while waves of water cascade down its sinter terraces., the Fountain group of Geysers (Clepsydra Geyser which erupts nearly continuously to heights of 45 feet (14 m), Fountain Geyser, Jelly Geyser, Jet Geyser, Morning Geyser, and Spasm Geyser), the Pink Cone group of geysers (Dilemma Geyser, Labial Geyser, Narcissus Geyser, Pink Geyser, and Pink Cone Geyser), the White Dome group of geysers (Crack Geyser, Gemini Geyser, Pebble Geyser, Rejuvenated Geyser, and White Dome Geyser), as well as Sizzler Geyser.
Clepsydra Geyser erupting. July 2019
Fountain Paint Pots
White Dome Geyser
West Thumb Geyser Basin
Several pools of blue water in ashen rock basin.
West Thumb Geyser Basin
Blackened basin with orange streaks; steam is rising from it with fir trees in the background.
Overflow areas of Silex springs
The West Thumb Geyser Basin 44°25′07″N 110°34′23″W, including Potts Basin to the north, is the largest geyser basin on the shores of Yellowstone Lake. The heat source of the thermal features in this location is thought to be relatively close to the surface, only 10,000 feet (3,000 m) down. West Thumb is about the same size as another famous volcanic caldera, Crater Lake in Oregon, but much smaller than the great Yellowstone Caldera which last erupted about 640,000 years ago. West Thumb is a caldera within a caldera.
West Thumb was created approximately 162,000 years ago when a magma chamber bulged up under the surface of the earth and subsequently cracked it along ring fracture zones. This in turn released the enclosed magma as lava and caused the surface above the emptied magma chamber to collapse. Water later filled the collapsed area of the caldera, forming an extension of Yellowstone Lake. This created the source of heat and water that feed the West Thumb Geyser Basin today.
The thermal features at West Thumb are not only found on the lake shore, but extend under the surface of the lake as well. Several underwater hydrothermal features were discovered in the early 1990s and can be seen as slick spots or slight bulges in the summer. During the winter, the underwater thermal features are visible as melt holes in the icy surface of the lake. The surrounding ice can reach three feet (one yard) in thickness.
Perhaps the most famous hydrothermal feature at West Thumb is a geyser on the lake shore known as Fishing Cone. Walter Trumbull of the 1870 Washburn-Langford-Doane Expedition described a unique event while a man was fishing adjacent to the cone: "...in swinging a trout ashore, it accidentally got off the hook and fell into the spring. For a moment it darted about with wonderful rapidity, as if seeking an outlet. Then it came to the top, dead, and literally boiled." Fishing Cone erupted frequently to the height of 40 feet (12 m) in 1919 and to lesser heights in 1939. One fisherman was badly burned in Fishing Cone in 1921. Fishing at the geyser is now prohibited.
Early visitors would arrive at West Thumb via stagecoach from the Old Faithful area. They had a choice of continuing on the stagecoach or boarding the steamship Zillah to continue the journey by water to Lake Hotel. The boat dock was located near the south end of the geyser basin near Lakeside Spring.
Backcountry Geyser Basins
The Heart Lake 44°18′00″N 110°30′56″W, Lone Star 44°24′50″N 110°49′04″W, and Shoshone Geyser Basins 44°21′16″N 110°47′57″W are located away from the road and require at least several miles of hiking to reach. These areas lack the boardwalks and other safety features of the developed areas. As falling into geothermal features can be fatal, it is usually advisable to visit these areas with an experienced guide or at the very least, travelers need to ensure they remain on well-marked trails.
The Heart Lake Geyser Basin contains several groups of geysers and deep blue hot springs near Heart Lake in the south-central portion of Yellowstone, southeast of most of the main geyser basins. Lying in the Snake River watershed east of Lewis Lake and south of Yellowstone Lake, Heart Lake was named sometime before 1871 for Hart Hunney, a hunter. Other explorers in the region incorrectly assumed that the lake's name was spelled 'heart' because of its shape. The Heart Lake Geyser Basin begins a couple miles from the lake and descends along Witch Creek to the lakeshore. Five groups of hydrothermal features comprise the basin, and all of them contain geysers, although some are dormant.
Between Shoshone Lake and Old Faithful is the Lone Star Geyser Basin, of which the primary feature is Lone Star Geyser, named for its isolation from the nearby geysers of the Upper Geyser Basin. The basin is reachable on foot or bicycle via a 3 mile road that is closed to vehicles.
The Shoshone Geyser Basin, reached by hiking or by boat, contains one of the highest concentrations of geysers in the world – more than 80 in an area 1,600 by 800 feet (490 by 240 m). Hot springs and mudpots dot the landscape between the geyser basin and Shoshone Lake.
Hot Spring Basin is located 15 miles (24 km) north-northeast of Fishing Bridge and has one of Yellowstone's largest collections of hot springs and fumaroles. The geothermal features there release large amounts of sulfur. This makes water from the springs so acidic that it has dissolved holes in the pants of people who sit on wet ground and causes mounds of sulfur three feet (1 m) high to develop around fumaroles. The very hot acidic water and steam have also created voids in the ground that are only covered by a thin crust.
Mammoth Hot Springs is a large complex of hot springs on a hill of travertine in Yellowstone National Park adjacent to Fort Yellowstone and the Mammoth Hot Springs Historic District. It was created over thousands of years as hot water from the spring cooled and deposited calcium carbonate (over two tons flow into Mammoth each day in a solution). Because of the huge amount of geothermal vents, travertine flourishes. Although these springs lie outside the caldera boundary, their energy has been attributed to the same magmatic system that fuels other Yellowstone geothermal areas.
The thermal features at Mud Volcano and Sulphur Caldron are primarily mud pots and fumaroles because the area is situated on a perched water system with little water available. Fumaroles or "steam vents" occur when the ground water boils away faster than it can be recharged. Also, the vapors are rich in sulfuric acid that leaches the rock, breaking it down into clay. Because no water washes away the acid or leached rock, it remains as sticky clay to form a mud pot. Hydrogen sulfide gas is present deep in the earth at Mud Volcano and is oxidized to sulfuric acid by microbial activity, which dissolves the surface soils to create pools and cones of clay and mud. Along with hydrogen sulfide, steam, carbon dioxide, and other gases explode through the layers of mud.
A series of shallow earthquakes associated with the volcanic activity in Yellowstone struck this area in 1978. Soil temperatures increased to nearly 200 °F (93 °C). The slope between Sizzling Basin and Mud Geyser, once covered with green grass and trees, became a barren landscape of fallen trees known as "the cooking hillside".
Yellowstone National Park is a national park located in the western United States, largely in the northwest corner of Wyoming and extending into Montana and Idaho. It was established by the 42nd U.S. Congress with the Yellowstone National Park Protection Act and signed into law by President Ulysses S. Grant on March 1, 1872. Yellowstone was the first national park in the U.S. and is also widely held to be the first national park in the world. The park is known for its wildlife and its many geothermal features, especially the Old Faithful geyser, one of its most popular. While it represents many types of biomes, the subalpine forest is the most abundant. It is part of the South Central Rockies forests ecoregion.
While Native Americans have lived in the Yellowstone region for at least 11,000 years, aside from visits by mountain men during the early-to-mid-19th century, organized exploration did not begin until the late 1860s. Management and control of the park originally fell under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Department of the Interior, the first Secretary of the Interior to supervise the park being Columbus Delano. However, the U.S. Army was eventually commissioned to oversee the management of Yellowstone for 30 years between 1886 and 1916. In 1917, the administration of the park was transferred to the National Park Service, which had been created the previous year. Hundreds of structures have been built and are protected for their architectural and historical significance, and researchers have examined more than a thousand archaeological sites.
Yellowstone National Park spans an area of 3,468.4 sq mi (8,983 km2), comprising lakes, canyons, rivers, and mountain ranges. Yellowstone Lake is one of the largest high-elevation lakes in North America and is centered over the Yellowstone Caldera, the largest super volcano on the continent. The caldera is considered a dormant volcano. It has erupted with tremendous force several times in the last two million years. Well over half of the world's geysers and hydrothermal features are in Yellowstone, fueled by this ongoing volcanism. Lava flows and rocks from volcanic eruptions cover most of the land area of Yellowstone. The park is the centerpiece of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, the largest remaining nearly intact ecosystem in the Earth's northern temperate zone. In 1978, Yellowstone was named a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Hundreds of species of mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, and amphibians have been documented, including several that are either endangered or threatened. The vast forests and grasslands also include unique species of plants. Yellowstone Park is the largest and most famous megafauna location in the contiguous United States. Grizzly bears, cougars, wolves, and free-ranging herds of bison and elk live in this park. The Yellowstone Park bison herd is the oldest and largest public bison herd in the United States. Forest fires occur in the park each year; in the large forest fires of 1988, nearly one-third of the park was burnt. Yellowstone has numerous recreational opportunities, including hiking, camping, boating, fishing, and sightseeing. Paved roads provide close access to the major geothermal areas as well as some of the lakes and waterfalls. During the winter, visitors often access the park by way of guided tours that use either snow coaches or snowmobiles.
Teton County is a county in the U.S. state of Wyoming. As of the 2020 United States Census, the population was 23,331. Its county seat is Jackson. Its west boundary line is also the Wyoming state boundary shared with Idaho and the southern tip of Montana. Teton County is part of the Jackson, WY-ID Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Teton County contains the Jackson Hole ski area, all of Grand Teton National Park, and 40.4% of Yellowstone National Park's total area, including over 96.6% of its water area (largely in Yellowstone Lake).
Wyoming is a state in the Mountain West subregion of the Western United States. It borders Montana to the north and northwest, South Dakota and Nebraska to the east, Idaho to the west, Utah to the southwest, and Colorado to the south. With a population of 576,851 in 2020, Wyoming is the least populous state despite being the 10th largest by area, with the second-lowest population density after Alaska. The state capital and most populous city is Cheyenne, which had an estimated population of 63,957 in 2018.
Wyoming's western half consists mostly of the ranges and rangelands of the Rocky Mountains; its eastern half consists of high-elevation prairie, and is referred to as the High Plains. Wyoming's climate is semi-arid in some parts and continental in others, making it drier and windier overall than other states, with greater temperature extremes. The federal government owns just under half of Wyoming's land, generally protecting it for public uses. The state ranks sixth in the amount of land—-and fifth in the proportion of its land—-that is owned by the federal government. Its federal lands include two national parks (Grand Teton and Yellowstone), two national recreation areas, two national monuments, and several national forests, as well as historic sites, fish hatcheries, and wildlife refuges.
Indigenous peoples inhabited the region for thousands of years. Historic and currently federally recognized tribes include the Arapaho, Crow, Lakota, and Shoshone. Part of the land that is now Wyoming came under American sovereignty via the Louisiana Purchase, part via the Oregon Treaty, and, lastly, via the Mexican Cession. With the opening of the Oregon Trail, the Mormon Trail, and the California Trail, vast numbers of pioneers travelled through parts of the state that had once been traversed mainly by fur trappers, and this spurred the establishment of forts, such as Fort Laramie, that today serve as population centers. The Transcontinental Railroad supplanted the wagon trails in 1867 with a route through southern Wyoming, bringing new settlers and the establishment of founding towns, including the state capital of Cheyenne. On March 27, 1890, Wyoming became the union's 44th state.
Farming and ranching, and the attendant range wars, feature prominently in the state's history. Today, Wyoming's economy is largely based on tourism and the extraction of minerals such as coal, natural gas, oil, and trona. Its agricultural commodities include barley, hay, livestock, sugar beets, wheat, and wool.
Wyoming was the first state to allow women the right to vote (not counting New Jersey, which had allowed it until 1807), and the right to assume elected office, as well as the first state to elect a female governor. In honor of this part of its history, its most common nickname is "The Equality State" and its official state motto is "Equal Rights". It is among the least religious states in the country, and is known for having a political culture that leans towards libertarian conservatism. The Republican presidential nominee has carried the state in every election since 1968.
The Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation is widely distributed in many western American states. The unit consists of fluvial (river/floodplain) and lacustrine (lake) deposits. Dinosaur bones and dinosaur tracks are moderately common in Morrison Formation sediments. Exceptionally dinosaur-rich localities include Como Bluff in Wyoming, Dinosaur National Monument in Utah, Dinosaur Ridge in Colorado, and the Cleveland-Lloyd Quarry in Utah (seen here).
---------------------------------------------
From signage:
More than a hundred years ago, local cowboys and shepherds discovered large black bones. These were clearly not the bones of their livestock.
University of Utah geologists investigated the area in 1928 and 1929 and unearthed about 500 bones. In 1939, paleontologists from Princeton University started a three-year excavation of the quarry to provide bones for its museum exhibits.
Cleveland-Lloyd is Not a Person
W. Lee Stokes grew up in the nearby town of Cleveland. His family and others ran cattle in the area and knew of the dinosaur bones. While attending Princeton University in New Jersey, Stokes told his geology professors about the bones.
A crew from Princeton, including Stokes, excavated at the quarry from 1939-1941. Impressed by the results from the previous two years, Malcolm Lloyd, a lawyer in Philadelphia and fellow Princeton graduate, donated $10,000 to fund the 1941 excavation.
The quarry takes its name from Stokes' hometown of Cleveland, and Lloyd, a major financial supporter.
Educational and Research Opportunities
In 1960, the University of Utah began excavation in cooperation with several universities and museums. Institutions all over the world helped to fund the work and, in return, they received displays of dinosaurs found at the quarry.
Much of the work was done by paleontologist Jim Madsen under the direction of W. Lee Stokes, then professor of geology at the University of Utah.
In 2001, the University of Utah returned to investigate the deposit. The excavation tools were virtually unchanged from earlier projects, but the research focus has shifted.
Paleontologists now understand that bones alone don't tell the whole story. All details found within the deposit, including geology, vertical and horizontal bone placement, and orientation, are studied.
Quarry Characteristics
- Dense concentrations of bones
- Disarticulated skeletons (bones are scattered)
- Most bones in good condition
- Some bones have tooth marks or breaks
- Some bones crushed (or trampled)
- Both large and small bones present (smaller bones didn't wash away)
- Horizontal orientation of bones
- Bone layers indicate multiple events
- Majority of dinosaurs juvenile
- Sediments fine-grained (mudstone or clay)
- Bone layer relatively thin
- High ratio of carnivores to herbivores
More than 75% of the animals found here are carnivorous. Scientists estimate that only five to ten percent of modern animals are predators. That is about the ratio found at other fossil quarries. Something unusual happened here.
Allosaurus is one of the best known dinosaurs and the most common predatory dinosaur of the Late Jurassic. One of its distinguishing characteristics is the presence of a small bony crest just above and forward of each massive eye. Many of the specimens from the Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry are from juvenile and adolescent allosaurs.
Ceratosaurus
Also possessing small horns above the eyes, Ceratosaurus is best known by the presence of a horn on its nose. It is unlikely that this horn was used as a weapon, but was more likely used for species recognition or mating display.
Torvosaurus
Remains of Torvosaurus have been found in Utah, Colorado, and Wyoming. It was a powerfully built flesh eater with huge teeth and savage claws.
Stokesosaurus clevelandi was named in honor of W. Lee Stokes and the quarry where it was first discovered. This uncommon carnivorous dinosaur had a shorter snout, but longer legs, than Allosaurus.
Marshosaurus
Found in Utah and Colorado, Marshosaurus was named for 19th century paleontologist Othneil Charles Marsh. Smaller than Allosaurus and known only from incomplete fossil material, this animal is distinguished from other dinosaurs by its hip bones.
Crocodilia
Although related, crocodilians are not dinosaurs. This group of "living fossils" evolved in the Late Triassic and remains largely unchanged today.
Glytops
Another "living fossil", turtles have changed little in the past 200 million years. Only the genus of turtle, Glyptops, has been discovered at the Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry.
Barosaurus is a rare dinosaur with a neck that was over 30 feet long. Its neck was even longer than its cousin Diplodocus. However, its tail was relatively short and its limbs were stocky.
Camarasaurus is one of the most common and best studied of the long-necked dinosaurs. Its head was large and box-like and its neck was shorter and thicker than other similar-sized long-necked dinosaurs.
Stegosaurus is one of only a few plated dinosaurs that are found in western North America. Triangular plates were arranged along its back, and its tail was armed with four long spikes The large plates may have helped the animal to regulate body temperature and may have made it look larger to potential predators.
Camptosaurus
Found in Utah, Wyoming, Colorado, and England, Camptosaurus had five finger and a snout that ended in a horny beak. While it may have grazed on four legs, the short forelimbs suggest that it walked on only its hindlimbs.
---------------------------------------------
Stratigraphy: Morrison Formation, Upper Jurassic
Locality: Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry, Emery County, Utah, USA
---------------------------------------------
See info. at:
500 vulnerable households receive essential agricultural inputs: 5 tonnes of maize seeds, 2.5 tonnes of rice seeds, 2.5 tonnes of groundnut seeds, vegetable seeds, as well as 500 shovels, rakes, watering cans and 1 000 hoes.
Read more about FAO and the crisis in the Central African Republic.
Photo credit must be given: ©FAO/CAR. Editorial use only. Copyright FAO
The Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation is widely distributed in many western American states. The unit consists of fluvial (river/floodplain) and lacustrine (lake) deposits. Dinosaur bones and dinosaur tracks are moderately common in Morrison Formation sediments. Exceptionally dinosaur-rich localities include Como Bluff in Wyoming, Dinosaur National Monument in Utah, Dinosaur Ridge in Colorado, and the Cleveland-Lloyd Quarry in Utah (seen here).
---------------------------------------------
From signage:
More than a hundred years ago, local cowboys and shepherds discovered large black bones. These were clearly not the bones of their livestock.
University of Utah geologists investigated the area in 1928 and 1929 and unearthed about 500 bones. In 1939, paleontologists from Princeton University started a three-year excavation of the quarry to provide bones for its museum exhibits.
Cleveland-Lloyd is Not a Person
W. Lee Stokes grew up in the nearby town of Cleveland. His family and others ran cattle in the area and knew of the dinosaur bones. While attending Princeton University in New Jersey, Stokes told his geology professors about the bones.
A crew from Princeton, including Stokes, excavated at the quarry from 1939-1941. Impressed by the results from the previous two years, Malcolm Lloyd, a lawyer in Philadelphia and fellow Princeton graduate, donated $10,000 to fund the 1941 excavation.
The quarry takes its name from Stokes' hometown of Cleveland, and Lloyd, a major financial supporter.
Educational and Research Opportunities
In 1960, the University of Utah began excavation in cooperation with several universities and museums. Institutions all over the world helped to fund the work and, in return, they received displays of dinosaurs found at the quarry.
Much of the work was done by paleontologist Jim Madsen under the direction of W. Lee Stokes, then professor of geology at the University of Utah.
In 2001, the University of Utah returned to investigate the deposit. The excavation tools were virtually unchanged from earlier projects, but the research focus has shifted.
Paleontologists now understand that bones alone don't tell the whole story. All details found within the deposit, including geology, vertical and horizontal bone placement, and orientation, are studied.
Quarry Characteristics
- Dense concentrations of bones
- Disarticulated skeletons (bones are scattered)
- Most bones in good condition
- Some bones have tooth marks or breaks
- Some bones crushed (or trampled)
- Both large and small bones present (smaller bones didn't wash away)
- Horizontal orientation of bones
- Bone layers indicate multiple events
- Majority of dinosaurs juvenile
- Sediments fine-grained (mudstone or clay)
- Bone layer relatively thin
- High ratio of carnivores to herbivores
More than 75% of the animals found here are carnivorous. Scientists estimate that only five to ten percent of modern animals are predators. That is about the ratio found at other fossil quarries. Something unusual happened here.
Allosaurus is one of the best known dinosaurs and the most common predatory dinosaur of the Late Jurassic. One of its distinguishing characteristics is the presence of a small bony crest just above and forward of each massive eye. Many of the specimens from the Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry are from juvenile and adolescent allosaurs.
Ceratosaurus
Also possessing small horns above the eyes, Ceratosaurus is best known by the presence of a horn on its nose. It is unlikely that this horn was used as a weapon, but was more likely used for species recognition or mating display.
Torvosaurus
Remains of Torvosaurus have been found in Utah, Colorado, and Wyoming. It was a powerfully built flesh eater with huge teeth and savage claws.
Stokesosaurus clevelandi was named in honor of W. Lee Stokes and the quarry where it was first discovered. This uncommon carnivorous dinosaur had a shorter snout, but longer legs, than Allosaurus.
Marshosaurus
Found in Utah and Colorado, Marshosaurus was named for 19th century paleontologist Othneil Charles Marsh. Smaller than Allosaurus and known only from incomplete fossil material, this animal is distinguished from other dinosaurs by its hip bones.
Crocodilia
Although related, crocodilians are not dinosaurs. This group of "living fossils" evolved in the Late Triassic and remains largely unchanged today.
Glytops
Another "living fossil", turtles have changed little in the past 200 million years. Only the genus of turtle, Glyptops, has been discovered at the Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry.
Barosaurus is a rare dinosaur with a neck that was over 30 feet long. Its neck was even longer than its cousin Diplodocus. However, its tail was relatively short and its limbs were stocky.
Camarasaurus is one of the most common and best studied of the long-necked dinosaurs. Its head was large and box-like and its neck was shorter and thicker than other similar-sized long-necked dinosaurs.
Stegosaurus is one of only a few plated dinosaurs that are found in western North America. Triangular plates were arranged along its back, and its tail was armed with four long spikes The large plates may have helped the animal to regulate body temperature and may have made it look larger to potential predators.
Camptosaurus
Found in Utah, Wyoming, Colorado, and England, Camptosaurus had five finger and a snout that ended in a horny beak. While it may have grazed on four legs, the short forelimbs suggest that it walked on only its hindlimbs.
---------------------------------------------
Stratigraphy: Morrison Formation, Upper Jurassic
Locality: Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry, Emery County, Utah, USA
---------------------------------------------
See info. at:
The largest school district in Iowa is not going to finish the year in the classroom but through distance learning. A big first step is making sure students have access to technology at home. I dropped by North and Roosevelt high schools as laptops were being distributed to high school seniors in need.
SIN India led a 4-member delegation of Indian manufacturing experts from the IITs and IISc to the UK 16-19 June 2014. Pictured, the delegation with minister Vince Cable. Follow us on Twitter @UKinIndia.
Doorsnede van het bovendeel van de 4 weg selector. De boring is voorzien van een 5mm gat overeenkomstig de Nema stappen motor.
Thursday, 2 April 2015: Chumling (2385 m) to Chhokang Paro (3030 m)
A mega day taking the high route via Chumchet, Yarcho, Gompa Goan, Lari and Puh, distributing LED solar lights carried by porter Henry, before dropping down to the Sardi Khola / Syar Khola / Tsum Chu at Domje and climbing back up to Chhokang Paro where we were met by Namgyal’s mum, bringing tea and snacks to help us on the final mile or so to their home.
En route, lots of Tibetan tea, tsampa, rice and veg; offers of arak and chang; ~2000m ascent… visits to homes, schools, a monastery and a nunnery, high in the mountains of Upper Tsum Valley.
Wonderful.
Map from Günter Seyfferth’s Die Berge des Himalaya (The mountains of Himalaya).
Read more about my Tsum Valley trek with Val Pitkethly.
DSC08147
Pallets of personal protective equipment and COVID-19 testing supplies arrive at the MTA New York City Transit storeroom at the Coney Island Yard, where they were picked up and distributed to area nursing homes and care facilities by the MTA Police Department on Mon., May 18, 2020.
Photo: Marc A. Hermann / MTA New York City Transit
Pallets of personal protective equipment and COVID-19 testing supplies arrive at the MTA New York City Transit storeroom at the Coney Island Yard, where they were picked up and distributed to area nursing homes and care facilities by the MTA Police Department on Mon., May 18, 2020.
Saints Joachim and Anne Nursing & Rehabilitation Center.
Photo: Marc A. Hermann / MTA New York City Transit
The Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation is widely distributed in many western American states. The unit consists of fluvial (river/floodplain) and lacustrine (lake) deposits. Dinosaur bones and dinosaur tracks are moderately common in Morrison Formation sediments. Exceptionally dinosaur-rich localities include Como Bluff in Wyoming, Dinosaur National Monument in Utah, Dinosaur Ridge in Colorado, and the Cleveland-Lloyd Quarry in Utah (seen here).
---------------------------------------------
From signage:
More than a hundred years ago, local cowboys and shepherds discovered large black bones. These were clearly not the bones of their livestock.
University of Utah geologists investigated the area in 1928 and 1929 and unearthed about 500 bones. In 1939, paleontologists from Princeton University started a three-year excavation of the quarry to provide bones for its museum exhibits.
Cleveland-Lloyd is Not a Person
W. Lee Stokes grew up in the nearby town of Cleveland. His family and others ran cattle in the area and knew of the dinosaur bones. While attending Princeton University in New Jersey, Stokes told his geology professors about the bones.
A crew from Princeton, including Stokes, excavated at the quarry from 1939-1941. Impressed by the results from the previous two years, Malcolm Lloyd, a lawyer in Philadelphia and fellow Princeton graduate, donated $10,000 to fund the 1941 excavation.
The quarry takes its name from Stokes' hometown of Cleveland, and Lloyd, a major financial supporter.
Educational and Research Opportunities
In 1960, the University of Utah began excavation in cooperation with several universities and museums. Institutions all over the world helped to fund the work and, in return, they received displays of dinosaurs found at the quarry.
Much of the work was done by paleontologist Jim Madsen under the direction of W. Lee Stokes, then professor of geology at the University of Utah.
In 2001, the University of Utah returned to investigate the deposit. The excavation tools were virtually unchanged from earlier projects, but the research focus has shifted.
Paleontologists now understand that bones alone don't tell the whole story. All details found within the deposit, including geology, vertical and horizontal bone placement, and orientation, are studied.
Quarry Characteristics
- Dense concentrations of bones
- Disarticulated skeletons (bones are scattered)
- Most bones in good condition
- Some bones have tooth marks or breaks
- Some bones crushed (or trampled)
- Both large and small bones present (smaller bones didn't wash away)
- Horizontal orientation of bones
- Bone layers indicate multiple events
- Majority of dinosaurs juvenile
- Sediments fine-grained (mudstone or clay)
- Bone layer relatively thin
- High ratio of carnivores to herbivores
More than 75% of the animals found here are carnivorous. Scientists estimate that only five to ten percent of modern animals are predators. That is about the ratio found at other fossil quarries. Something unusual happened here.
Allosaurus is one of the best known dinosaurs and the most common predatory dinosaur of the Late Jurassic. One of its distinguishing characteristics is the presence of a small bony crest just above and forward of each massive eye. Many of the specimens from the Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry are from juvenile and adolescent allosaurs.
Ceratosaurus
Also possessing small horns above the eyes, Ceratosaurus is best known by the presence of a horn on its nose. It is unlikely that this horn was used as a weapon, but was more likely used for species recognition or mating display.
Torvosaurus
Remains of Torvosaurus have been found in Utah, Colorado, and Wyoming. It was a powerfully built flesh eater with huge teeth and savage claws.
Stokesosaurus clevelandi was named in honor of W. Lee Stokes and the quarry where it was first discovered. This uncommon carnivorous dinosaur had a shorter snout, but longer legs, than Allosaurus.
Marshosaurus
Found in Utah and Colorado, Marshosaurus was named for 19th century paleontologist Othneil Charles Marsh. Smaller than Allosaurus and known only from incomplete fossil material, this animal is distinguished from other dinosaurs by its hip bones.
Crocodilia
Although related, crocodilians are not dinosaurs. This group of "living fossils" evolved in the Late Triassic and remains largely unchanged today.
Glytops
Another "living fossil", turtles have changed little in the past 200 million years. Only the genus of turtle, Glyptops, has been discovered at the Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry.
Barosaurus is a rare dinosaur with a neck that was over 30 feet long. Its neck was even longer than its cousin Diplodocus. However, its tail was relatively short and its limbs were stocky.
Camarasaurus is one of the most common and best studied of the long-necked dinosaurs. Its head was large and box-like and its neck was shorter and thicker than other similar-sized long-necked dinosaurs.
Stegosaurus is one of only a few plated dinosaurs that are found in western North America. Triangular plates were arranged along its back, and its tail was armed with four long spikes The large plates may have helped the animal to regulate body temperature and may have made it look larger to potential predators.
Camptosaurus
Found in Utah, Wyoming, Colorado, and England, Camptosaurus had five finger and a snout that ended in a horny beak. While it may have grazed on four legs, the short forelimbs suggest that it walked on only its hindlimbs.
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Stratigraphy: Morrison Formation, Upper Jurassic
Locality: Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry, Emery County, Utah, USA
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Distribution of Solar LED Lanterns to best performing students of PEP Schools under Pervaiz Lodhie’s Pehli Kiran ( First ray of Light) initiative
Dated: Saturday March 12, 2016
Location: Raichand Meghwar Primary School
Old Mirpur, District Mirpurkhas
&
Sunflower Primary School,
Khawaja District Tando Allahyar
Giving Solar Lanterns as a prize to the best performing students is not a new initiative of Pervaiz Lodhie. In previous years Lodhie Foundation has extended his initiative to various schools in Sindh and Punjab.
Inspiring with the idea, Mr. Jonathan Mitchell PHD President and Founder of Concentric development Inc. invited Pervaiz Lodhie to extend his program of distributing solar lanterns as prizes in PEP schools. Pervaiz Lodhie has immediately offered to gift 249 lanterns, allowing for three prizes per school. His suggestion was to distribute them to 1)Top student of the year 2) Top most improved student of the year 3) Top best attendance student of the year.
Mr. Lodhie also suggested encouraging the prize recipients to teach a short literacy course to family members or relatives.
During his recent visit to Pakistan in March 2016, Pervaiz visited the two schools in Mirpurkas and Tando Allahyar and distributed the solar lanterns to the 7 best students. Remaining 242 lanterns will be distributed in first and second week of April 2016
The Primary Education Project (PEP) is a part of the education work of Diocese of Hyderabad that is working to provide sustainable quality education to the poorest children of Rural Sindh, Pakistan. PEP has been involved in the work of education since 2002 and currently has 83 schools in the five district areas of rural Sindh, which are Badin, Sanghar, Mirpurkhas, Tando Allahyar and Umerkot. At Present 4970 students are enrolled in 83 schools.
Participants from Lodhie Foundation/Shaantech:
Pervaiz Lodhie, President and Founder LEDtronics Inc and Shaan Technologies Pakistan, Founder Lodhie Foundation
Shahid Siddique General Manager Shaan Technologies private Limited
Sohaib Ahmed Sheikh, Business development Executive
Participant from Primary Education project (PEP):
Lilian Charles, Program Manager PEP,
Parkash Peter , Smile Coordinator
Salvin John Aadiyal, Media Manager at Primary Education Project (PEP)
IMAGE DISTRIBUTED FOR AIDS HEALTHCARE FOUNDATION - Jacqueline McDowell with Cepheid (left) and Ramin Bastani, CEO, Healthvana (right) share innovative approaches to STD programs at the STD Emergency Call to Action Summit held at the Atlanta Airport Marriott Gateway Hotel on Monday, May 21, 2018 in Atlanta, hosted by AIDS Healthcare Foundation.(Paul Abell/AP Images for AIDS Healthcare Foundation)