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Cherry Blossom. Washington, DC. USA. Mar/2016
A cherry blossom is the flower of any of several trees of genus Prunus, particularly the Japanese cherry, Prunus serrulata, which is called sakura after the Japanese (桜 or 櫻; さくら).
Cherry blossom is speculated to be native to the Himalayas.[4] Currently it is widely distributed, especially in the temperate zone of theNorthern Hemisphere including Europe, West Siberia, India, China, Japan, Korea, Canada, and the United States. The cherry blossom is considered the national flower of Japan.
Japan gave 3,020 cherry blossom trees as a gift to the United States in 1912 to celebrate the nations' then-growing friendship, replacing an earlier gift of 2000 trees which had to be destroyed due to disease in 1910. These trees were planted in Sakura Park in Manhattan and line the shore of the Tidal Basin and the roadway in East Potomac Park in Washington, D.C. The first two original trees were planted by first ladyHelen Taft and Viscountess Chinda on the bank of the Tidal Basin. The gift was renewed with another 3,800 trees in 1965.In Washington, D.C. the cherry blossom trees continue to be a popular tourist attraction (and the subject of the annual National Cherry Blossom Festival) when they reach full bloom in early spring
Todos os anos o Festival Nacional das Cerejeiras celebra a floração das cerejeiras dadas à cidade de Washington, em 1912, pelo prefeito de Tóquio. O presente foi uma homenagem do prefeito à longa história de amizade entre Estados Unidos e Japão. As cerejeiras floridas marcam a chegada da primavera na cidade e proporcionam uma das vistas mais apreciadas da região. Um dos lugares mais bonitos para observação é ao redor do Tidal Basin, espelho d’água no centro de Washington próximo ao Washington Monument, ao Lincoln Memorial, ao Jefferson Memorial e ao Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial. O pico da florada é definido como o dia em que 70% das flores do Tidal Basin estão abertas
Houve a coordenação de muitas pessoas para assegurar a chegada das cerejeiras. Um primeiro lote de 2.000 árvores chegou doente em 1910, mas isso não impediu as partes envolvidas de envidarem todos os esforços para a concretização do intento. Entre os governos dos dois países, com as coordenações do Dr. Jokichi Takamine, um químico famoso mundialmente e fundador da Sankyo Co., Ltd. (hoje conhecida como Daiichi Sankyo), Dr. David Fairchild, do Departamento de Agricultura dos Estados Unidos, de Eliza Scidmore, primeiro membro da diretoria feminina da National Geographic Society e da primeira-dama Helen Herron Taft, mais de 3.000 árvores chegaram a Washington, D.C. em 1912. Em uma cerimônia simples, em 27 de março de 1912, a primeira-dama Helen Herron Taft e a Viscondessa Chinda, esposa do embaixador do Japão, plantaram as duas primeiras árvores do Japão na margem norte do Tidal Basin em West Potomac Park. Ao longo dos anos, os presentes foram trocados entre os dois países. Em 1915, o Governo dos Estados Unidos retribuiu com um presente de árvores chamadas “dogwood” (que também tem belas florações) para o povo do Japão. (tradução:nationalcherryblossom)
Cherry Blossom. Washington, DC. USA. Mar/2016
A cherry blossom is the flower of any of several trees of genus Prunus, particularly the Japanese cherry, Prunus serrulata, which is called sakura after the Japanese (桜 or 櫻; さくら).
Cherry blossom is speculated to be native to the Himalayas.[4] Currently it is widely distributed, especially in the temperate zone of theNorthern Hemisphere including Europe, West Siberia, India, China, Japan, Korea, Canada, and the United States. The cherry blossom is considered the national flower of Japan.
Japan gave 3,020 cherry blossom trees as a gift to the United States in 1912 to celebrate the nations' then-growing friendship, replacing an earlier gift of 2000 trees which had to be destroyed due to disease in 1910. These trees were planted in Sakura Park in Manhattan and line the shore of the Tidal Basin and the roadway in East Potomac Park in Washington, D.C. The first two original trees were planted by first ladyHelen Taft and Viscountess Chinda on the bank of the Tidal Basin. The gift was renewed with another 3,800 trees in 1965.In Washington, D.C. the cherry blossom trees continue to be a popular tourist attraction (and the subject of the annual National Cherry Blossom Festival) when they reach full bloom in early spring
Todos os anos o Festival Nacional das Cerejeiras celebra a floração das cerejeiras dadas à cidade de Washington, em 1912, pelo prefeito de Tóquio. O presente foi uma homenagem do prefeito à longa história de amizade entre Estados Unidos e Japão. As cerejeiras floridas marcam a chegada da primavera na cidade e proporcionam uma das vistas mais apreciadas da região. Um dos lugares mais bonitos para observação é ao redor do Tidal Basin, espelho d’água no centro de Washington próximo ao Washington Monument, ao Lincoln Memorial, ao Jefferson Memorial e ao Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial. O pico da florada é definido como o dia em que 70% das flores do Tidal Basin estão abertas
Houve a coordenação de muitas pessoas para assegurar a chegada das cerejeiras. Um primeiro lote de 2.000 árvores chegou doente em 1910, mas isso não impediu as partes envolvidas de envidarem todos os esforços para a concretização do intento. Entre os governos dos dois países, com as coordenações do Dr. Jokichi Takamine, um químico famoso mundialmente e fundador da Sankyo Co., Ltd. (hoje conhecida como Daiichi Sankyo), Dr. David Fairchild, do Departamento de Agricultura dos Estados Unidos, de Eliza Scidmore, primeiro membro da diretoria feminina da National Geographic Society e da primeira-dama Helen Herron Taft, mais de 3.000 árvores chegaram a Washington, D.C. em 1912. Em uma cerimônia simples, em 27 de março de 1912, a primeira-dama Helen Herron Taft e a Viscondessa Chinda, esposa do embaixador do Japão, plantaram as duas primeiras árvores do Japão na margem norte do Tidal Basin em West Potomac Park. Ao longo dos anos, os presentes foram trocados entre os dois países. Em 1915, o Governo dos Estados Unidos retribuiu com um presente de árvores chamadas “dogwood” (que também tem belas florações) para o povo do Japão. (tradução:nationalcherryblossom)
Cherry Blossom. Washington, DC. USA. Mar/2016
A cherry blossom is the flower of any of several trees of genus Prunus, particularly the Japanese cherry, Prunus serrulata, which is called sakura after the Japanese (桜 or 櫻; さくら).
Cherry blossom is speculated to be native to the Himalayas.[4] Currently it is widely distributed, especially in the temperate zone of theNorthern Hemisphere including Europe, West Siberia, India, China, Japan, Korea, Canada, and the United States. The cherry blossom is considered the national flower of Japan.
Japan gave 3,020 cherry blossom trees as a gift to the United States in 1912 to celebrate the nations' then-growing friendship, replacing an earlier gift of 2000 trees which had to be destroyed due to disease in 1910. These trees were planted in Sakura Park in Manhattan and line the shore of the Tidal Basin and the roadway in East Potomac Park in Washington, D.C. The first two original trees were planted by first ladyHelen Taft and Viscountess Chinda on the bank of the Tidal Basin. The gift was renewed with another 3,800 trees in 1965.In Washington, D.C. the cherry blossom trees continue to be a popular tourist attraction (and the subject of the annual National Cherry Blossom Festival) when they reach full bloom in early spring
Todos os anos o Festival Nacional das Cerejeiras celebra a floração das cerejeiras dadas à cidade de Washington, em 1912, pelo prefeito de Tóquio. O presente foi uma homenagem do prefeito à longa história de amizade entre Estados Unidos e Japão. As cerejeiras floridas marcam a chegada da primavera na cidade e proporcionam uma das vistas mais apreciadas da região. Um dos lugares mais bonitos para observação é ao redor do Tidal Basin, espelho d’água no centro de Washington próximo ao Washington Monument, ao Lincoln Memorial, ao Jefferson Memorial e ao Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial. O pico da florada é definido como o dia em que 70% das flores do Tidal Basin estão abertas
Houve a coordenação de muitas pessoas para assegurar a chegada das cerejeiras. Um primeiro lote de 2.000 árvores chegou doente em 1910, mas isso não impediu as partes envolvidas de envidarem todos os esforços para a concretização do intento. Entre os governos dos dois países, com as coordenações do Dr. Jokichi Takamine, um químico famoso mundialmente e fundador da Sankyo Co., Ltd. (hoje conhecida como Daiichi Sankyo), Dr. David Fairchild, do Departamento de Agricultura dos Estados Unidos, de Eliza Scidmore, primeiro membro da diretoria feminina da National Geographic Society e da primeira-dama Helen Herron Taft, mais de 3.000 árvores chegaram a Washington, D.C. em 1912. Em uma cerimônia simples, em 27 de março de 1912, a primeira-dama Helen Herron Taft e a Viscondessa Chinda, esposa do embaixador do Japão, plantaram as duas primeiras árvores do Japão na margem norte do Tidal Basin em West Potomac Park. Ao longo dos anos, os presentes foram trocados entre os dois países. Em 1915, o Governo dos Estados Unidos retribuiu com um presente de árvores chamadas “dogwood” (que também tem belas florações) para o povo do Japão. (tradução:nationalcherryblossom)
Cherry Blossom. Washington, DC. USA. Mar/2016
A cherry blossom is the flower of any of several trees of genus Prunus, particularly the Japanese cherry, Prunus serrulata, which is called sakura after the Japanese (桜 or 櫻; さくら).
Cherry blossom is speculated to be native to the Himalayas.[4] Currently it is widely distributed, especially in the temperate zone of theNorthern Hemisphere including Europe, West Siberia, India, China, Japan, Korea, Canada, and the United States. The cherry blossom is considered the national flower of Japan.
Japan gave 3,020 cherry blossom trees as a gift to the United States in 1912 to celebrate the nations' then-growing friendship, replacing an earlier gift of 2000 trees which had to be destroyed due to disease in 1910. These trees were planted in Sakura Park in Manhattan and line the shore of the Tidal Basin and the roadway in East Potomac Park in Washington, D.C. The first two original trees were planted by first ladyHelen Taft and Viscountess Chinda on the bank of the Tidal Basin. The gift was renewed with another 3,800 trees in 1965.In Washington, D.C. the cherry blossom trees continue to be a popular tourist attraction (and the subject of the annual National Cherry Blossom Festival) when they reach full bloom in early spring
Todos os anos o Festival Nacional das Cerejeiras celebra a floração das cerejeiras dadas à cidade de Washington, em 1912, pelo prefeito de Tóquio. O presente foi uma homenagem do prefeito à longa história de amizade entre Estados Unidos e Japão. As cerejeiras floridas marcam a chegada da primavera na cidade e proporcionam uma das vistas mais apreciadas da região. Um dos lugares mais bonitos para observação é ao redor do Tidal Basin, espelho d’água no centro de Washington próximo ao Washington Monument, ao Lincoln Memorial, ao Jefferson Memorial e ao Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial. O pico da florada é definido como o dia em que 70% das flores do Tidal Basin estão abertas
Houve a coordenação de muitas pessoas para assegurar a chegada das cerejeiras. Um primeiro lote de 2.000 árvores chegou doente em 1910, mas isso não impediu as partes envolvidas de envidarem todos os esforços para a concretização do intento. Entre os governos dos dois países, com as coordenações do Dr. Jokichi Takamine, um químico famoso mundialmente e fundador da Sankyo Co., Ltd. (hoje conhecida como Daiichi Sankyo), Dr. David Fairchild, do Departamento de Agricultura dos Estados Unidos, de Eliza Scidmore, primeiro membro da diretoria feminina da National Geographic Society e da primeira-dama Helen Herron Taft, mais de 3.000 árvores chegaram a Washington, D.C. em 1912. Em uma cerimônia simples, em 27 de março de 1912, a primeira-dama Helen Herron Taft e a Viscondessa Chinda, esposa do embaixador do Japão, plantaram as duas primeiras árvores do Japão na margem norte do Tidal Basin em West Potomac Park. Ao longo dos anos, os presentes foram trocados entre os dois países. Em 1915, o Governo dos Estados Unidos retribuiu com um presente de árvores chamadas “dogwood” (que também tem belas florações) para o povo do Japão. (tradução:nationalcherryblossom)
The box was on top of an old abandoned WWII-era Japanese communications building. We had to distribute our weight so the roof wouldn't collapse.
"Some of this shit might have actually happened.
Various hounds from the southern isle descended upon Saipan for the running of the Saipan H3. Rumors had floated down to us on the growing military base of Guam that Saipan's failing everything had chased off the pack. Tonsile Tickler mentioned he had only had about six to eight people at his shoe down-down run at the beginning of July...and he would never exagerrate. We started immediately looking at schedules and arranging a viable attack date for a re-invasion of the north; perhaps they could use the inflated income from our presence to buy more advertising on local cable stations (at $10.00 a pop - we were worth at least one hundred toward to cause...).
Frantic calls to tyrant for life Haj Fucking Kramden Sir never made it through that fine communication system their mismanagement has attained after some 25 years together so Ciega was clueless to our presence until the last minute. Fear not - JoeTen was open on Saturday afternoon. A message was left for Dogleg during the week as he was on Rota and the kind Filipina that answered the phone at his domicile was hard for me to understand while bomb explosions went off in the museum; she must have thought I was called from Kandahar or something...When he did return the call on Saturday, he was hanging out with his youngest hasher and holding down the fort while his wife went to a funeral. Bummer not getting a chance to hash with DogLeg but he did relay the message to Ciega that invaders had reached the hotels and were moving in via rental car.
Numbers swelled at the Bank of Guam and the hares were identified as Blowjob and Buster Brown. Haj PeeWee was in attendance as were Maxcheesmo, Gulag Queen, Mr. Happy Pockets, Spiderwoman, the aforementioned Ciega and Kramden, Semen Bisquit, and other stalwarts... Trail was announced at the Japanese Wireless Station; park in the cemetery. All of this sounded rather foreboding although the hounds responded in typical Saipan fashion..."Not again", "This always ends at ...insert place name here...", "I hope its better than his last shitty trail", etc.
The box was on the roof of a bombed out Japanese wireless structure from World War Two. The stairwell to the roof of said structure was steep, concrete, and covered in vegetation - add in rusting hand rails, bomb damage, and algae. When we reached the roof Haj's PeeWee and Fucking Kramden Sir pointed out that were large holes hidden somewhere under the foliage and that we should spread out the assembled pack of now some thirty hounds which included Haj Fucking Tampon (Little Rat Pellets absconded his rental car to head to the spa), Backwash, Silent But Deadly, Dugong and his wife, Just Josh (who Cockcaller had called "Gay Flower" all night the night before on the pub crawl), and Overdue Goo. After the interminable ten minute wait to chase chariot riding hares, we broke box as slowly as we could down the stairs so nobody would die...
Trail led directly into a marijuana field hidden in the tangantangan and across of former dump before emerging from the bush onto a coral road. The check broke rather obviously left as the tire tracks headed that way and the speed at which the on-on's had been dropped gained pace according to the streaks of flour now reaching nearly two feet. We hit another check and ran across a finely mowed yard (oh what will they do when they have to pay American minimum wages...I doubt some people in Saipan have done their own laundry in ten years). Trail broke into the jungle and immediately was slowed by the wild hibiscus, rattan, and grooved out soil and rock. A small ditch suddenly evolved into a trench and then into a full on dried out river ravine that had cut the surface down to bare limestone falls. Water was replaced by slimy rocks that made butt sliding the only option in some sections. Backwash ran with Haj Fucking Tampon and myself for quite some time as trees broke off in our grasp and vines would strangle each hound in order as you passed through them. Contortions of world class bank robbers were required to navigate through the uncut brush. Backwash slowly fell back as we pushed the pace down the river valley. Haj PeeWee could be heard descending the valley where he joined us at the bottom of the hill near Chalan pale Arnold Road. An easy check (another one) led us past a "Juan Babauta" campaign placard complete with a beer swilling Juan Babauta who said something that sounded like "Blah, blah, blah, yada, yada, yada" as we passed by (I could be mistaken in that - after all he was running for office and I rarely hear them correctly or so it seems four years later).
A trio of trunk beer drinking guys by the warehouses in the industrial section of Saipan's northern Garapan and port area offered us Budweisers as Haj Pee Wee ran passed us in a creative shortcut through the buildings....athlete! Trail ended at some beach near the port - we were sandwiched between piers and the water was murky (several Saipan hashers were like "No way I'm swimming in that...")
Religion was well attended. Food and drink were of high quality - San Miguel Light and Tecate for the discerning tastes to the north. M&M's, trail mix, peanuts, chips, etc. were soon joined by the incredible Thai food brought by Thum (later joined by hotdogs cooked by Maxcheesmo and others). Fucking Tampon sang songs in between Saipan melodies. Some hilarious jokes and tales from the trail followed and Wild Bill's Two was declared the On-On-On - just as it was back home at the mother hash of Micronesia - Agana H3!
Completely innocent of all charges proferred against me sir,
Haj Sex, ET
Agana H3"
Maintained and distributed by DYKSTRA De-Vries, KR4U inc. Of Bellflower CA. At 99 Cents only stores in 1449 W March Lane Stockton CA. This code is KR4U 228. They replaced the pony and elephant wild west mini carousel kiddie ride with this.
The DMPS Board of Directors approved a policy for schools to keep a supply of Naloxone, commonly known as NARCAN. It is an opioid antagonist that is administered as a nasal spray and acts on opiate receptors in the brain, immediately countering the effects of an overdose. If any student, employee, family member, or visitor in the school appears to have overdosed on opioids, the medication would be administered by the nurse or another trained staff member. The supply of NARCAN was distributed to school nurses on Monday, October 31st.
The adoption of the policy qualifies Melissa Abbott, the DMPS health services supervisor, to access two prescriptions for each DMPS building through the Iowa Department of Health and Human Services, which provides the drug at no cost to schools.
Medical professionals say keeping a supply of Naloxone is similar to stocking an EpiPen for extreme allergic reactions, or an AED for heart failure. They are meant to be temporary measures. When there is a medical emergency, schools will still call 911 for an ambulance.
In January 1857 the British government settled on a plan to distribute captured Russian guns from the Crimean War to British military and naval establishments and to deserving or desirous British and Irish towns and cities ‘having room to contain them’. There are records of nearly 300 cannon distributed in this way across the British Isles and to the British dominions and dependencies – Australia, Canada, Gibraltar and New Zealand.
During the afternoon of Friday the 11th of September 1857, two Russian guns and their carriages arrived at Dundee harbour from Woolich, London aboard the SS Dundee.
The guns were 68 pound howitzers, one weighing 72 cwt and the other 67 cwt. The carriages each weighed in at 17 cwt. On the side of each carriage was the inscription “Captured at Sevastopol, 1855”.
In the Town Council minutes dated the 17th of September 1857 it is recorded that it was unanimously agreed that the Russian guns be sited “on the open space on the north of the Royal Arch at the Docks”.
On the 30th of March 1869 it was decided to improve the old fish market in Shore Terrace which meant the Russian guns had to be moved. An arrangement with the Trustees of the Volunteer Hall in West Bell Street was agreed which saw the Russian guns placed in the square in front of the drill hall.
Following the acquisition of two guns from Panmure Battery for training purposes at the Drill Hall, limited space necessitated the removal of the Russian guns. The Police Commissioners were asked to relocate them and chose Magdalen Green as the new site.
During the afternoon of Saturday the 16th of March 1889, Sergeant-Major McFarlane and two detachments of gunners from the 1st Forfarshire Artillery Volunteers were tasked with removing the 5 ton guns from the Drill Hall in West Bell Street to Magdalen Green.
The fate of the Russian guns is a bit of a mystery as the information trail turns cold. At some point in 1904 the guns are moved to the playground area behind Dudhope Castle but what happened to them after that remains unclear.
Ref: GD/BB1/1 1986/0043
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Candy Cane and 30” Santa ( Sunhills is the Shorter Version, adapted from the Taller Version shown, that more detailed Santa is 50 year old sample from defunct Polaron Plastics), Christmas Light Up Vintage Blow Molded Lawn Decor, distributed by SunHill, Candy Cane re-design Circa 1991-1992 by MiMo, Mike Mozart.
MiMo Mike Mozart created thousands of commercial products, books toys and infomercial items, with many signed Michael Wolfe! An adaptation of his real name Wolfgang Mikyáll Mozart often shortened to Wolf or Wolfie
A long and successful career, with his first children’s book sold at age 15 which continues to this day at age 60!
In the early 1980’s, MiMo, Mike Mozart, Co-hosted with TX Critter ( that developed into ALF), the classic KidsTime Express on UHF Channel 20, WTXX Waterbury CT TV Show. Paul Fusco, the original puppeteer and creator of the show went on to create the character and TV Show ALF!
Illustrated over 100 Childrens books, many licensed Walt Disney, Muppets, Looney Toons, Ninja Turtles, Uncle Scrooge McDuck and More!
Created thousands of Holiday and Seasonal
Products, many featuring the pantheon of Walt Disneys top licensed characters! Known for the exceptional designs of season Nutcrackers and sweeping product lines for major Retailers for Horizon’s East. And Christmas, Easter-and Halloween licensed character products for SunHill Industries. Massive product lines featuring the Mickey Mouse line of Basic Characters, Mickey, Minnie, Goofy, Pluto Donald Duck and Daisy Duck.
Disney’s Ducktales
Disney’s the Little Mermaid
Disney’s Aladdin
Disney’s Beauty and the Beast
Disney’s, Bambi
Disney’s Hunchback of Notre Dame
Disney’s 100 Dalmatians
Disney’s Chip and Dale Rescue Rangers
Also:
The Flintstones
Teletubbies
Looney Tunes
Crayola
Scooby Doo
The M&Ms Character Family
Universal Monsters
Assisted and wrote gags for top Newspaper comic strip cartoonists throughout the 1980’s, including Bob Weber of Moose and Molly fame, Guy Gilchrist artist of the Muppets Comic Strips, Jerry Marcus of the strip Trudy, Dik Brown of Hagar the Horrible and Hi and Lois, Orlando Busino of Gus, and many more!
A continuing Voice over talent for imported Japanese cartoons, TV Commercials and seasonal animated an sound products for Halloween and Christmas!
Appeared live on QVC and HSN for over a decade live presenting products of his invention and design. Created top selling infomercial items in the 1980’s and 1990’s!
Notable lawn and garden products, tools and household products.
Was a Top Twenty All Time Most viewed and Subscribed for the first 7 years of YouTube garnering more than a Half Billion Views! Many on TheToyChannel and Jeepersmedia on YouTube!
More Recently, A known fine artist having been the Ghost Artist Designer and Mentor to Alec Monopoly.
* My Twitch:
twitch.tv/MikeMozartJeepersmedia
* My TikTok:
* www.tiktok.com/@mimomikemozart
* My Discord:
Real Mike Mozart#4030
* My YouTube
youtube.com/Jeepersmedia
youtube.com/TheToyChannel
youtube.com/MikeMozart
* My Instagram
instagram.com/MikeMozart
* My Twitter
twitter.com/jeepersmedia
* My Creative Commons Flickr
Flickr.com/Jeepersmedia
Staff at Hiatt Middle School distributes workbooks during the meal distribution lunch hour on Wednesday, April 8th.
With the recent announcement that DMPS will complete the 2019-20 school year through distance learning, staff has been handing out workbooks containing lessons consistent with the different subjects students would be working on during normal school hours. New workbooks are scheduled to be distributed every Monday at meal distribution sites.
Visit: www.dmschools.org/onlinelearning for more information.
Soldiers from Bravo Company 427 Brigade Support Battalion distribute meals to quarantined families in Albany County. Soldiers worked with Albany County Veterans Services Bureau at the Times Union Center. Loading boxes of food to distribute to Albany County residents that are quarantined. (Photo by Eric Durr)
Distributed by banks in the late 1950s and early 60s. A metal bank that launched coins upward, into a slot under the nose cap.
Giraffe term ( Arabic Zarafa ( t ) , by the Italian giraffe ) is the name given to artiodátilos mammals , ruminants of the genus Giraffa family of girafídeos , which contains a single species , Giraffa camelopardalis to , or camel - leopard, as they were called by the Romans when they existed in North Africa , because it was believed they came from a mixture of a female camel with a male leopard [ citation needed ] . Ungulates are even number of toes .
The giraffes are the only members of their gender and , together with the okapi , form the Giraffidae family. Currently listed are nine subspecies of giraffe ( see below ) , differentiated by geographic distribution and the pattern of spots . These various subspecies of giraffes now inhabit the dry lands south of the Sahara . The giraffes are distributed into two groups : giraffe - Loons are tricornes , ie , interocular with a nasal horn and two parietal , presenting predominantly crosslinked coat , and giraffe- the -south without nasal horn and coat has predominantly irregular meshes .
The males reach 6 feet tall and with their prehensile tongues that reach up to 50 centimeters are able to pick up the leaves of acacia trees , by sharp spines between the tops of the branches , which are their main source of food. They are able to eat the leaves of trees up to 6 feet tall . To qualify for grazing , must depart from one another forelegs . Due to the low nutrient content of the leaves , giraffes need to eat large quantities and spend almost 20 hours a day eating . The body length may exceed 2.25 meters and also has a tail 80 inches long , not counting the final brush. Your weight may exceed 500 kg . Despite its size , the giraffe can reach a speed of 47 km / h , enough to escape their predators .
The giraffes , like all mammals have seven cervical vertebrae . Their necks , however, are the largest of today's animals , so it is somewhat flexible . Because of its long, stiff neck , your vascular system has the reputation of being the most responsible for the blood pressure of the animal kingdom . The heart has two holes : one that pumps blood to the lungs and limbs and another that feeds the brain with red liquid . The latter is fine , since the muscles are larger , so the force required for pumping is not as great as you think. However, when the giraffe has drinking water, the blood pressure of the head and greatly increases not only the wood due to two exceptional characteristics. Next to the brain, there is a network of capillaries that branch into numerous smaller veins within the skull of the animal. They serve to absorb and distribute this overload of blood by the heart flushed when the giraffe is with the neck down . In addition, a large vein that returns full of the valves of the heart receives blood pumped . When too much pressure on the blood vessels of the head of the giraffe , it is shunted to this vein. Full of valves that close with the last of the blood , the vein relieves the pressure of the head and not let the animal die each time you want to quench your thirst .
Both sexes have two to four short horns and covered with skin. The giraffe's fur is tawny ( tawny , tawny ) or pink, with large patches of brownish color (except in the womb , where the fur is white ) . The brown spots have unique pattern for each individual and helps to mimic in the shadows of the trees where they live . These spots also are concentrated under the skin , blood vessels and are responsible for the maintenance of adequate body temperature of giraffes . They have long legs , and the higher front than the rear , and a reduced number of ribs . The lifetime of a giraffe is approximately 15 to 20 years. The leather of the legs is more compressed and stiffer members giraffe than in the rest of the body. This allows the blood does not spill out of the tissue and muscles of the legs, causing her to return to the heart . If this does not happen , the legs of the giraffe accumulate a lot of blood because they are too long and end up killing the animal .
Lions , hyenas and leopards are predators of young giraffes , but adults have sufficient size and to limit the number of predators speed. The giraffes hardly emit sounds . Gestation lasts 420-450 days, rising creates only one at a time with a height that varies between 1.5 and 1.7 meters. Their horns are born loose in the skull not to hurt his mother during his departure from the uterus. The horns are fused with the bone during childhood and adolescence . Puppies giraffes fall from a height of almost two meters when the mother is standing during birth , which is frequent . The vegetation of the African savannah , however, takes the fall .
It is a gregarious animals forming herds or flocks rather numerous , walking quickly , caught the pitch and being associated to the antelopes and ostriches in African savannahs south of the Sahara .
Giraffes sleep about two hours a day and a little at a time . They sleep standing and only on very special occasions when you feel completely safe , lies on the ground to rest . The giraffe only lie if safe because if a predator approaches , she takes a long time to get up due to its size . The giraffe is quite large, due to a bone in her neck and her legs , which are well stretched.
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O termo girafa (do árabe zarAfa(t), pelo italiano giraffa) é a designação dada a mamíferos artiodátilos, ruminantes, do gênero Giraffa, da família dos girafídeos, no qual consta uma única espécie, a Giraffa camelopardalis, ou camelo-leopardo, como eram chamadas pelos romanos quando elas existiam no norte da África, pois acreditava-se que vinham de uma mistura de uma fêmea camelo, com um macho leopardo[carece de fontes]. São ungulados com número par de dedos.
As girafas são os únicos membros de seu gênero e, juntas com os ocapis, formam a família Giraffidae. Atualmente estão listadas nove subespécies de girafa (ver em baixo), diferenciadas pela distribuição geográfica e pelo padrão das manchas. Essas várias subespécies de girafas agora habitam as terras secas ao sul do Saara. As girafas se distribuem em dois grupos: girafa-do-norte que são tricornes, isto é, com um corno nasal interocular e dois frontoparietais, apresentando pelagem predominantemente reticulada; e girafa-do-sul, sem corno nasal e a pelagem tem predominantemente malhas irregulares.
Os machos chegam a 6 metros de altura e com suas línguas preênseis que alcançam até 50 centímetros são capazes de pegar as folhas de acácias, por entre pontiagudos espinhos nos altos dos galhos, que são sua principal fonte de alimentação. Elas são capazes de comer as folhas das árvores até 6 metros de altura. Para poderem pastar, têm de afastar uma da outra as pernas dianteiras. Devido ao baixo teor nutritivo das folhas, as girafas precisam comer grandes quantidades e passam quase 20 horas por dia comendo. O comprimento do corpo pode ultrapassar os 2,25 metros e ainda possui uma cauda com 80 centímetros de comprimento, não contando com o pincel final. O seu peso pode ultrapassar os 500 quilogramas. Apesar do seu tamanho, a girafa pode atingir a velocidade de 47 km/h, suficiente para fugir de seus predadores.
As girafas, como todos os mamíferos, possuem sete vértebras cervicais. Os seus pescoços, entretanto, são os maiores dos animais atuais, pelo que é pouco flexível. Por causa de seu pescoço comprido e rígido, seu sistema vascular possui a fama de ser o responsável pela maior pressão sanguínea do reino animal. O coração tem dois orifícios: um que bombeia sangue para o pulmão e membros e outro que alimenta o cérebro com o líquido vermelho. Este último é fino, visto que os músculos são maiores, assim a força necessária para o bombeamento não é tão grande como se imagina. No entanto, quando a girafa tem de beber água, a pressão sanguínea da cabeça aumenta muito e só não a mata devido a duas particularidades excepcionais. Próximo ao cérebro, existe uma rede de vasos capilares que se ramificam em inúmeras veias menores dentro do crânio do animal. Eles servem para amortecer e distribuir essa sobrecarga de sangue jorrada pelo coração quando a girafa está com o pescoço abaixado. Além disso, uma veia grossa repleta de válvulas que retorna ao coração recebe parte do sangue bombeado. Quando o sangue pressiona demasiadamente os vasos da cabeça da girafa, ele é desviado para essa veia. Repleta de válvulas que se fecham com a passada do sangue, a veia alivia a pressão da cabeça e não deixa que o animal morra cada vez que deseja matar a sede.
Ambos os sexos possuem dois a quatro cornos curtos e recobertos por pele. O pêlo da girafa é fulvo (amarelo-tostado, alourado) ou rosado, com grandes manchas de cor amarronzada (exceto no ventre, onde o pêlo é branco). As manchas pardas possuem um padrão único para cada indivíduo e o auxilia a se mimetizar por entre as sombras das árvores onde habita. Essas manchas também concentram, debaixo da pele, vasos sanguíneos e são responsáveis pela manutenção da temperatura corporal adequada das girafas. Elas possuem pernas longas, sendo as dianteiras mais altas que as traseiras, e número reduzido de costelas. O tempo de vida de uma girafa é de aproximadamente 15 a 20 anos. O couro das pernas é mais rijo e comprime mais os membros da girafa do que no restante do corpo. Isso permite que o sangue não se espalhe pelo tecido e músculos das patas, fazendo-o retornar ao coração. Caso isso não acontecesse, as pernas da girafa acumulariam muito sangue por serem longas demais e acabariam matando o animal.
Leões, hienas e leopardos são predadores dos filhotes de girafas, mas os adultos possuem porte e velocidade suficientes para limitar o número de predadores. As girafas quase não emitem sons. A gestação dura 420 a 450 dias, nascendo só uma cria de cada vez com uma altura que oscila entre 1,5 e 1,7 metros. Seus chifres nascem soltos no crânio para que não machuquem a mãe durante sua saída do útero. Os chifres se fundem com o osso durante a infância e adolescência. Os filhotes de girafas caem de uma altura de quase 2 metros quando a mãe está de pé durante o nascimento, o que é freqüente. A vegetação da savana africana, entretanto, amortece a queda.
É um animal gregário constituindo rebanhos ou bandos pouco numerosos, andando rapidamente, a passo travado e associando-se aos antílopes e avestruzes nas savanas africanas ao sul do Saara.
As girafas dormem aproximadamente duas horas por dia e um pouco de cada vez. Elas dormem em pé e, apenas em ocasiões muito especiais, quando se sente completamente segura, se deita no chão para descansar. A girafa só se deita se estiver segura pois, caso um predador se aproxime, ela demora muito tempo para se levantar devido a seu tamanho. A girafa é bem grande, devido a um osso de seu pescoço e de suas pernas, que são bem alongadas.
Simon Levy presents Vector Symbolic Architectures: A New Building Material for Artificial General Intelligence by Simon Levy of Washington and Lee University and Ross Gayler
(I'd like to take a class from Simon Levy, he is a great teacher from what I could see. Sorry that the photo is poor of him here, but this particular slide mad me think and do quite a bit of homework to increased my understanding of this topic.)
The Need for New Representational Principles
(My notes on this, please feel free to add or clarify anything I have said, it is just my [poor] understanding.)
- Ecological Affordance introduced by James J. Gibson (1979), The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception (an interesting sidebar - this was about the last thing that Gibson published before his death in 1979 at age 75.) A number of his writings are on-line, published as the Purple Perils
- Distributed Connectionist Representations (PDP - which is Parallel Distributed Processing was the start of Connectionism I had colleagues who did research in this area in the early 1990s, at the time I was not as curious as I could have been, being wrapped up in some completely different projects. Now - I have begun to tie it together, funny how that works! The classic work was done by James McClelland, David Rumelhart and the PDP Research Group. They wrote a two volume book: Parallel Distributed Processing: Explorations in the Microstructure of Cognition in 1986)
Holographic Representations Dennis Gabor 1971 and Plate 2003
I probably went down a related area with Karl Pribram's Holonomic brain theory but I need to do some more research about this.
Fractals Attractors Dynamical Systems Tabor 2000 , Levy and Pollack 2001
For a good introduction see Dynamical & Evolutionary Machine Organization part of Jordan Pollack's research at Brandeis University.
In Technical Session # 7: Neural Network and Brain Modeling
Session Chair: Randal Koene , Laboratory of Computational Neurophysiology, Center for Memory and Brain, Boston University at the The First Conference on Artificial General Intelligence (AGI-08)
This room is The Zone, at the FedEx Institute of Technology, University of Memphis. It was a very good venue for this conference.
Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) research focuses on the original and ultimate goal of AI -- to create intelligence as a whole, by exploring all available paths, including theoretical and experimental computer science, cognitive science, neuroscience, and innovative interdisciplinary methodologies. AGI is also called Strong AI in the AI community.
Another good reference is Artificial General Intelligence : A Gentle Introduction Pei Wang
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November 26, 2019--Westbury-- Governor Andrew M. Cuomo, joined by members of the New York State Guard, the Long Island Nets, and local politicians, distributes turkeys at the Yes We Can Center in Westbury on Tuesday November 26, 2019. The Governor and his family will be spending the Thanksgiving holiday in Puerto Rico this year. (Kevin P. Coughlin/Office of Governor Andrew M. Cuomo)
The brown bear (Ursus arctos) is a large bear distributed across much of northern Eurasia and North America. It can weigh from 300 to 780 kilograms (660 to 1,700 lb) and its largest subspecies, the Kodiak Bear, rivals the polar bear as the largest member of the bear family and as the largest land-based predator.
There are several recognized subspecies within the brown bear species. In North America, two types are generally recognized, the coastal brown bear and the inland grizzly, and the two types could broadly define all brown bear subspecies. Grizzlies weigh as little as 350 lb (159 kg) in Yukon, while a brown bear, living on a steady, nutritious diet of spawning salmon, from coastal Alaska and Russia can weigh 1,500 lb (682 kg). The exact number of overall brown subspecies remains in debate.
While the brown bear's range has shrunk, and it has faced local extinctions, it remains listed as a least concern species by the IUCN, with a total population of approximately 200,000. Its principal range countries are Russia, the United States (mostly in Alaska), Canada, the Carpathian region (especially Romania, but also Ukraine, Slovakia, and so on), the Balkans, Sweden and Finland, where it is the national animal. The brown bear is the most widely distributed of all bears.
Brown bears have very large and curved claws, those present on the forelimbs being longer than those on the hind limbs. They may reach 5 to 6 centimetres (2.0 to 2.4 in) and sometimes 7 to 10 centimetres (2.8 to 3.9 in) along the curve. They are generally dark with a light tip, with some forms having completely light claws. Brown bear claws are longer and straighter than those of American black bears. The claws are blunt, while those of a black bear are sharp.
Adults have massive, heavily built concave skulls, which are large in proportion to the body. The forehead is high and rises steeply. The projections of the skull are well developed when compared to those of Asian black bears: the latter have sagittal crests not exceeding more than 19–20% of the total length of the skull, while the former have sagittal crests comprising up to 40–41% of the skull's length. Skull projections are more weakly developed in females than in males. The braincase is relatively small and elongated. There is a great deal of geographical variation in the skull, and presents itself chiefly in dimensions. Grizzlies, for example, tend to have flatter profiles than European and coastal American brown bears. Skull lengths of Russian bears tend to be 31.5 to 45.5 centimetres (12.4 to 17.9 in) for males, and 27.5 to 39.7 centimetres (10.8 to 15.6 in) for females. The width of the zygomatic arches in males is 17.5 to 27.7 centimetres (6.9 to 11 in), and 14.7 to 24.7 centimetres (5.8 to 9.7 in) in females. Brown bears have very strong teeth: the incisors are relatively big and the canine teeth are large, the lower ones being strongly curved. The first three molars of the upper jaw are underdeveloped and single crowned with one root. The second upper molar is smaller than the others, and is usually absent in adults. It is usually lost at an early age, leaving no trace of the alveolus in the jaw. The first three molars of the lower jaw are very weak, and are often lost at an early age. Although they have powerful jaws, brown bear jaws are incapable of breaking large bones with the ease of spotted hyenas.
The dimensions of brown bears fluctuate very greatly according to sex, age, individual, geographic location, and season. The normal range of physical dimensions for a brown bear is a head-and-body length of 1.7 to 2.8 meters (5.6 to 9.2 ft) and a shoulder height of 90 to 150 centimeters (35–60 in). The smallest subspecies is the Eurasian brown bear, whose mature females weigh as little as 90 kg (200 lb). Barely larger, grizzly bears from the Yukon region (which are a third smaller than most grizzlies) can weigh as little as 100 kg (220 lb) in the spring and the Syrian brown bear, with mature females weighing as little as 150 kg (330 lb). The largest subspecies are the Kodiak bear, Siberian brown bear, and the bears from coastal Russia, Alaska, and British Columbia. It is not unusual for large males in coastal regions to stand over 3 m (9.8 ft) while on their hind legs, and to weigh up to 680 kg (1,500 lb). The heaviest recorded brown bear weighed over 1,150 kilograms (2,500 lb).
Brown bears have long, thick fur, with a moderately long mane at the back of the neck. In India, brown bears can be reddish with silver tips, while in China, brown bears are bicolored with a yellow-brown or whitish cape across the shoulders. North American grizzlies can be dark brown (almost black) to cream (almost white) or yellowish brown. Black hairs usually have white tips. The winter fur is very thick and long, especially in northern subspecies, and can reach 11 to 12 centimetres (4 to 5 in) at the withers. The winter hairs are thin, yet rough to the touch. The summer fur is much shorter and sparser, and its length and density varies geographically.
The brown bear is primarily nocturnal. In the summer, it gains up to 180 kilograms (400 lb) of fat, on which it relies to make it through winter, when it becomes very lethargic. Although they are not full hibernators, and can be woken easily; both sexes like to den in a protected spot, such as a cave, crevice, or hollow log, during the winter months. Brown bears are mostly solitary, although they may gather in large numbers at major food sources and form social hierarchies based on age and size. Adult male bears are particularly aggressive and are avoided by adolescent and subadult males. Female bears with cubs rival adult males in aggression, and are more intolerant of other bears than single females. Young adolescent males tend to be least aggressive, and have been observed in nonagonistic interactions with each other. In his Great Bear Almanac, Gary Brown lists 11 different sounds bears produce in 9 different contexts. Sounds expressing anger or aggravation include growls, roars, woofs, champs and smacks, while sounds expressing nervousness or pain include woofs, grunts and bawls. Sows will bleat or hum when communicating with their cubs.
They are omnivores and feed on a variety of plant products, including berries, roots, and sprouts, and fungi, as well as meat products such as fish, insects, and small mammals. Despite their reputation, most brown bears are not highly carnivorous, as they derive up to 90% of their dietary food energy from vegetable matter. Their jaw structure has evolved to fit their dietary habits. Their diet varies enormously throughout their differing areas based on opportunity. For example, bears in Yellowstone eat an enormous number of moths during the summer, sometimes as many as 40,000 in a day, and may derive up to half of their annual food energy from these insects. In some areas of Russia and Alaska, brown bears feed mostly on spawning salmon, whose nutrition and abundance explain the enormous size of the bears in these areas. Brown bears also occasionally prey on large mammals, such as deer (including elk, moose and caribou), bighorn sheep, mountain goats, bison and muskoxen. When brown bears attack these animals, they tend to choose the young ones, as they are easier to catch. When hunting, the bear pins its prey to the ground and then tears and eats it alive. On rare occasions, bears kill by hitting their prey with their powerful forearms, which can break the necks and backs of large prey, such as moose. They also feed on carrion, and use their size to intimidate other predators, such as wolves, cougars, tigers, and black bears from their kills.
Bronx Zoo New York
Seaman apprentice Roger Priest is shown in a photograph distributed by United Press International April 27, 1970 following a court martial sentence of a reprimand, reduction in rank and a bad conduct discharge for promoting disloyalty for his antiwar newsletter OM.
Priest worked in the Navy’s Office of Information at the Pentagon when he published his mimeographed alternative GI newsletter and faced charges of up to six years hard labor, forfeiture of pay and grade and a dishonorable discharge.
OM had a print run of 1000 and featured anti-Vietnam War articles and information as well as acting as a “gripe” forum for armed service members.
The court martial at the Washington Navy Yard included charges of soliciting fellow soldiers to desert, urging insubordination and making statements disloyal to the United States
The Navy charges were all based around the issue of free speech in the military and would become nationally publicized at a time when GIs were increasingly resisting the Vietnam War, including refusal of orders to go to Vietnam and refusal of orders to fight for those who shipped out.
Upon appeal, the conviction was reversed and he was granted an honorable discharge.
The following excerpts of Roger Priest’s anti-Vietnam War activities and subsequent court martial are from “His crime was speech” by Dale M. Brumfield posted on the Lessons from History site:
The Defense Department reported that in 1970, almost 245 underground presses published at least one anti-Vietnam edition on America’s military bases.
But it was one fearless sailor working inside the Pentagon, Journalist Seaman Apprentice Roger L. Priest, that pushed hardest against military boundaries and caused the Defense Department the biggest headaches.
Roger Priest entered the Navy in October 1967 and was transferred to the Pentagon’s office of Navy Information in January 1968.
“I was anti-Vietnam before I got into the service,” Priest told Washington Post writer Nicholas von Hoffman. “I thought I could live this lie … and I’m not even killing, I’m just shuffling papers.”
Throughout 1968, Priest became more disgusted with America’s role in Southeast Asia, leading him to create the only underground paper published by someone who actually worked inside the Pentagon. It was published on his own time and with his own funds and was one of the few such papers to use the creator’s real name instead of a pseudonym.
“How many more women and children must be burned before the people of the United States realize the horrendous crime they are committing against a peasant people?” he wrote in his paper he called OM — the Servicemen’s Newsletter before later changing it to Om — the Liberation Newsletter.
1,000 copies of the first mimeographed issue of OM appeared on April 1, 1969. The next morning, within 90 minutes of arriving at his desk, he was abruptly reassigned to the Navy and Marines Exhibit Center at the Washington Navy Yard. “I don’t care if they send me to the North Pole,” Priest told the Washington Post, “I’ll write my stuff on ice cubes if I have to.”
Exercising his First Amendment rights while knowing full well he was placing himself in the U.S. Navy’s crosshairs, Priest published a second edition of OM on May 1, then a third one on June 1, each with a press run of 1,000 copies.
Priest also raised the ire of the Navy when he made an antiwar group the beneficiary of his service life insurance and urged other soldiers to do the same. In his case, if he was killed by the Viet Cong in Southeast Asia, the War Resistor’s League would receive his $10,000 payout.
OM was unapologetically blunt. “Today’s Pigs are tomorrow’s bacon” stated one headline in issue two that described Joint Chiefs Chairman General Earl Wheeler. OM called Secretary of Defense Melvin Laird “People’s enemy no. 1” and “a practicing prostitute and a pimp.”
Other statements appearing in the paper that crossed the Navy included “Our goal is liberation … by any means necessary,” and “Shoot a pig!” A headline in another issue read “Be Free Go Canada,” then listed the addresses of groups in Canada aiding military deserters. The article also explained that “landed immigrant status” was available in Canada to deserters.
On June 12, 1969 Priest was interrogated about OM by the Office of Naval Intelligence (ONI). Three days later, fourteen official charges were lodged against him, including soliciting fellow soldiers to desert, urging insubordination, making statements disloyal to the United States, using “contemptuous words” against South Carolina Representative L. Mendel Rivers, and worse, not stating in the paper that his statements were his own opinions, and not those of the U.S. Navy.
Von Hoffmann wrote on June 25, 1969, that Priest was accused of “everything that’s happened to the Navy except perhaps stealing the [U.S.S.] Pueblo.” Priest also noticed at this time that he was being followed around by civilians in Ford Fairlanes and Plymouth Valiants.
“… This whole thing hinges on free speech, freedom of the press,” Priest told von Hoffman. “They’re not talking about my military behavior … they’re talking about what I do on my own free time, outside of the Navy, in my own apartment … in other words my rights as an American citizen.”
In July, Priest published a special “Best & Worst” issue of OM in conjunction with a defense fund called LINK, “The Servicemen’s Link to Peace.” On July 21, Priest — holding a sign that read “My crime is speech” — led a demonstration of about 100 people in front of the National Archives building. The next day an article 32 pre-court martial investigation convened at the Naval Air Station in Anacostia.
Just over 100 members of the Navy Ceremonial Guard armed with M-1 rifles, live ammo and gas masks stood watch as Navy aviator Commander Norman Mills conducted the proceedings. Priest was represented pro-Bono by Washington Attorney David Rein.
“If I can be put away for a number of years in prison for the mere writing of words — an act so basic to the founding of this country that it finds its basis in the First Amendment of the Constitution — then my crime is speech,” Priest said in his opening statement. “But let me tell you this: OM will go on, for others will take up the pen where I leave off.”
During this trial, the prosecution admitted that approximately 25 naval intelligence agents were assigned to follow and harass Priest (hence the Fairlanes and Valiants). Furthermore, when a letter found in Priest’s trash was introduced as evidence, ONI special agent Robert Howard testified that the Washington DC department of sanitation provided a truck exclusively for trash pickup at Priest’s apartment building.
Attorney Rein said that this activity alone “brought more discredit on the armed services than anything Roger Priest has done.”
A furious DC Mayor Walter Washington promised a “full and complete investigation” of the sanitation department when director, William Roeder was quoted as saying “If the police ask us to do this, we cooperate with them.” He later denied making the statement.
“City Denies Trash Spying” trumpeted the Washington Post in embarrassing contradiction to the testimony of ONI Agent Howard.
Despite the disorganization of the proceedings, Priest was ordered to appear before a general court-martial on charges that he solicited members of the military to desert and commit sedition, and that he published statements “urging insubordination, disloyalty, and refusal of duty by members of the military and naval forces with intent to impair loyalty, morale and discipline.”
The combined charges carried a maximum sentence of 39 years in prison and a dishonorable discharge.
During this time Priest kept a low profile at his Navy job, obeying orders and being careful to not break a single regulation. His strategy was to force the Navy to court-martial him only for OM’s contents, which he created on his own time, and not on some extraneous charge that disguised the political nature of his battle.
Not to be held down, Priest published “The Court-Martial Edition” of OM in October 1969.
In it, OM bestowed the “Green Weenie” award to the “25+” people “assigned to gather information, interrogate, follow and harass” him.
“ONI left no stone unturned or garbage can unmolested, nor did they mind to stoop to entrapment in trying to deny the constitutional rights of free speech and free press to Seaman Roger Priest,” OM declared.
By April, Priest had become a hero to other like-minded servicemen across the country. LINK Director Carl Rogers estimated his organization spent over $17,000 in buttons, posters, postage and travel expenses for Priest’s speaking engagements.
“No group like ours,” Rogers warned, “can begin to counter the resources and the manpower of the Pentagon … to harass and oppress dissenters.” Rogers also reported, however, that the court-martial had backfired on the Pentagon, resulting in about 10,000 reprints of OM (far more than the original press run of 1,000) and 10,000 “OM” buttons distributed in a little over two months.
Priest gained support from the infamous Chicago 7 — Abbie Hoffman, Jerry Rubin, David Dellinger, Tom Hayden, Rennie Davis, John Froines, and Lee Weiner
Priest also gained an unlikely ally when New York Senator Charles Goodell issued a statement September 5 that said in part, “When Roger Priest enlisted in the Navy, he accepted certain well-defined responsibilities as a soldier. He did not, however, forfeit his constitutional rights as a citizen of the United States.”
The court-martial board convicted Priest only on two minor counts of promoting “disloyalty and disaffection among members of the armed forces.” They recommended Priest be reprimanded, reduced to the lowest pay grade and receive a bad conduct discharge, but no jail time.
Thrilled with the outcome, Attorney Rein said he would nonetheless appeal the bad conduct discharge.
On February 11, 1971, a panel of Navy appeals judges reversed that conviction and awarded Priest an honorable discharge, citing the grounds of reversal on a “technical error” by Judge Raymond Perkins where he failed to explain to the court-martial that disloyalty to the Navy or a superior officer was not the same as disloyalty to the United States.
Also, upon review of the case, the reprimand was dropped by Rear Admiral George Koch, commandant of the Washington Naval District.
Priest’s case presented a conundrum regarding military dissent: How does a country impress young men into the army to fight a war they ideologically oppose or even outright despise? Are men so profoundly disaffected reliable soldiers?
An anonymous columnist proposed a somewhat cynical solution off-record to von Hoffman: “You can’t fight imperialist wars [anymore] with conscript armies. You have to use mercenaries.”
For more information and related images, see flic.kr/s/aHsmLuExUi
The photographer is unknown. The image is a United Press International photograph housed in the D.C. Library Washington Star Collection.
MTA Mask Force volunteers handing out masks for adults and children on Mon., April 5, 2021.
Chairman & CEO Patrick J. Foye aboard a 4 train.
Photo: Marc A. Hermann / MTA
The Postcard
A postally unused carte postale published by L. B. of Dijon and distributed by Ch. Macé of Versailles.
The card has a divided back.
The Gardens of Versailles
The Gardens of Versailles are situated to the west of the palace. They cover some 800 hectares (1,977 acres) of land, much of which is landscaped in the classic French formal garden style perfected here by André Le Nôtre.
Beyond the surrounding belt of woodland, the gardens are bordered by the urban areas of Versailles to the east and Le Chesnay to the north-east, by the National Arboretum de Chèvreloup to the north, the Versailles plain (a protected wildlife preserve) to the west, and by the Satory Forest to the south.
In 1979, the gardens along with the château were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List due to its cultural importance during the 17th. and 18th. centuries.
The gardens are now one of the most visited public sites in France, receiving more than six million visitors a year.
The gardens contain 200,000 trees, 210,000 flowers planted annually, and feature meticulously manicured lawns and parterres, as well as many sculptures.
50 fountains containing 620 water jets, fed by 35 km. of piping, are located throughout the gardens. Dating from the time of Louis XIV and still using much of the same network of hydraulics as was used during the Ancien Régime, the fountains contribute to making the gardens of Versailles unique.
On weekends from late spring to early autumn, there are the Grandes Eaux - spectacles during which all the fountains in the gardens are in full play. Designed by André Le Nôtre, the Grand Canal is the masterpiece of the Gardens of Versailles.
In the Gardens too, the Grand Trianon was built to provide the Sun King with the retreat that he wanted. The Petit Trianon is associated with Marie-Antoinette, who spent time there with her closest relatives and friends.
The Du Bus Plan for the Gardens of Versailles
With Louis XIII's purchase of lands from Jean-François de Gondi in 1632 and his assumption of the seigneurial role of Versailles in the 1630's, formal gardens were laid out west of the château.
Claude Mollet and Hilaire Masson designed the gardens, which remained relatively unchanged until the expansion ordered under Louis XIV in the 1660's. This early layout, which has survived in the so-called Du Bus plan of c.1662, shows an established topography along which lines of the gardens evolved. This is evidenced in the clear definition of the main east–west and north–south axis that anchors the gardens' layout.
Louis XIV
In 1661, after the disgrace of the finance minister Nicolas Fouquet, who was accused by rivals of embezzling crown funds in order to build his luxurious château at Vaux-le-Vicomte, Louis XIV turned his attention to Versailles.
With the aid of Fouquet's architect Louis Le Vau, painter Charles Le Brun, and landscape architect André Le Nôtre, Louis began an embellishment and expansion program at Versailles that would occupy his time and worries for the remainder of his reign.
From this point forward, the expansion of the gardens of Versailles followed the expansions of the château.
(a) The First Building Campaign
In 1662, minor modifications to the château were undertaken; however, greater attention was given to developing the gardens. Existing bosquets (clumps of trees) and parterres were expanded, and new ones created.
Most significant among the creations at this time were the Versailles Orangerie and the "Grotte de Thétys". The Orangery, which was designed by Louis Le Vau, was located south of the château, a situation that took advantage of the natural slope of the hill. It provided a protected area in which orange trees were kept during the winter months.
The "Grotte de Thétys", which was located to the north of the château, formed part of the iconography of the château and of the gardens that aligned Louis XIV with solar imagery. The grotto was completed during the second building campaign.
By 1664, the gardens had evolved to the point that Louis XIV inaugurated the gardens with the fête galante called Les Plaisirs de L'Île Enchantée. The event, was ostensibly to celebrate his mother, Anne d'Autriche, and his consort Marie-Thérèse but in reality celebrated Louise de La Vallière, Louis' mistress.
Guests were regaled with entertainments in the gardens over a period of one week. As a result of this fête - particularly the lack of housing for guests (most of them had to sleep in their carriages), Louis realised the shortcomings of Versailles, and began to expand the château and the gardens once again.
(b) The Second Building Campaign
Between 1664 and 1668, there was a flurry of activity in the gardens - especially with regard to fountains and new bosquets; it was during this time that the imagery of the gardens exploited Apollo and solar imagery as metaphors for Louis XIV.
Le Va's enveloppe of the Louis XIII's château provided a means by which, though the decoration of the garden façade, imagery in the decors of the grands appartements of the king and queen formed a symbiosis with the imagery of the gardens.
With this new phase of construction, the gardens assumed the design vocabulary that remained in force until the 18th. century. Solar and Apollonian themes predominated with projects constructed at this time.
Three additions formed the topological and symbolic nexus of the gardens during this phase of construction: the completion of the "Grotte de Thétys", the "Bassin de Latone", and the "Bassin d'Apollon".
The Grotte de Thétys
Started in 1664 and finished in 1670 with the installation of the statuary, the grotto formed an important symbolic and technical component to the gardens. Symbolically, the "Grotte de Thétys" related to the myth of Apollo - and by association to Louis XIV.
It represented the cave of the sea nymph Thetis, where Apollo rested after driving his chariot to light the sky. The grotto was a freestanding structure located just north of the château.
The interior, which was decorated with shell-work to represent a sea cave, contained the statue group by the Marsy brothers depicting the sun god attended by nereids.
Technically, the "'Grotte de Thétys" played a critical role in the hydraulic system that supplied water to the garden. The roof of the grotto supported a reservoir that stored water pumped from the Clagny pond and which fed the fountains lower in the garden via gravity.
The Bassin de Latone
Located on the east–west axis is the Bassin de Latone. Designed by André Le Nôtre, sculpted by Gaspard and Balthazar Marsy, and constructed between 1668 and 1670, the fountain depicts an episode from Ovid's Metamorphoses.
Altona and her children, Apollo and Diana, being tormented with mud slung by Lycian peasants, who refused to let her and her children drink from their pond, appealed to Jupiter who responded by turning the Lycians into frogs.
This episode from mythology has been seen as a reference to the revolts of the Fronde, which occurred during the minority of Louis XIV. The link between Ovid's story and this episode from French history is emphasised by the reference to "mud slinging" in a political context.
The revolts of the Fronde - the word fronde also means slingshot - have been regarded as the origin of the use of the term "mud slinging" in a political context.
The Bassin d'Apollon
Further along the east–west axis is the Bassin d'Apollon. The Apollo Fountain, which was constructed between 1668 and 1671, depicts the sun god driving his chariot to light the sky. The fountain forms a focal point in the garden, and serves as a transitional element between the gardens of the Petit Parc and the Grand Canal.
The Grand Canal
With a length of 1,500 metres and a width of 62 metres, the Grand Canal, which was built between 1668 and 1671, prolongs the east–west axis to the walls of the Grand Parc. During the Ancien Régime, the Grand Canal served as a venue for boating parties.
In 1674 the king ordered the construction of Petite Venise (Little Venice). Located at the junction of the Grand Canal and the northern transversal branch, Little Venice housed the caravels and yachts that were received from The Netherlands and the gondolas and gondoliers received as gifts from the Doge of Venice.
The Grand Canal also served a practical role. Situated at a low point in the gardens, it collected water that drained from the fountains in the garden above. Water from the Grand Canal was pumped back to the reservoir on the roof of the Grotte de Thétys via a network of windmill- and horse-powered pumps.
The Parterre d'Eau
Situated above the Latona Fountain is the terrace of the château, known as the Parterre d'Eau. Forming a transitional element from the château to the gardens below, the Parterre d'Eau provided a setting in which the symbolism of the grands appartements synthesized with the iconography of the gardens.
In 1664, Louis XIV commissioned a series of statues intended to decorate the water feature of the Parterre d'Eau. The Grande Command, as the commission is known, comprised twenty-four statues of the classic quaternities and four additional statues depicting abductions from the classic past.
Evolution of the Bosquets
One of the distinguishing features of the gardens during the second building campaign was the proliferation of bosquets. Expanding the layout established during the first building campaign, Le Nôtre added or expanded on no fewer that ten bosquets between 1670 and 1678:
-- The Bosquet du Marais
-- The Bosquet du Théâtre d'Eau, Île du Roi
-- The Miroir d'Eau
-- The Salle des Festins (Salle du Conseil)
-- The Bosquet des Trois Fontaines
-- The Labyrinthe
-- The Bosquet de l'Arc de Triomphe
-- The Bosquet de la Renommée (Bosquet des Dômes)
-- The Bosquet de l'Encélade
-- The Bosquet des Sources
In addition to the expansion of existing bosquets and the construction of new ones, there were two additional projects that defined this era, the Bassin des Sapins and the Pièce d'Eau des Suisses.
-- The Bassin des Sapins
In 1676, the Bassin des Sapins, which was located north of the château below the Allée des Marmoset's was designed to form a topological pendant along the north–south axis with the Pièce d'Eau des Suisses located at the base of the Satory hill south of the château.
Later modifications in the gardens transformed this fountain into the Bassin de Neptune.
-- Pièce d'Eau des Suisses
Excavated in 1678, the Pièce d'Eau des Suisses - named after the Swiss Guards who constructed the lake - occupied an area of marshes and ponds, some of which had been used to supply water for the fountains in the garden.
This water feature, with a surface area of more than 15 hectares (37 acres), is the second largest - after the Grand Canal - at Versailles.
(c) The Third Building Campaign
Modifications to the gardens during the third building campaign were distinguished by a stylistic change from the natural aesthetic of André Le Nôtre to the architectonic style of Jules Hardouin Mansart.
The first major modification to the gardens during this phase occurred in 1680 when the Tapis Vert - the expanse of lawn that stretches between the Latona Fountain and the Apollo Fountain - achieved its final size and definition under the direction of André Le Nôtre.
Beginning in 1684, the Parterre d'Eau was remodelled under the direction of Jules Hardouin-Mansart. Statues from the Grande Commande of 1674 were relocated to other parts of the garden; two twin octagonal basins were constructed and decorated with bronze statues representing the four main rivers of France.
In the same year, Le Vau's Orangerie, located to south of the Parterrre d'Eau was demolished to accommodate a larger structure designed by Jules Hardouin-Mansart.
In addition to the Orangerie, the Escaliers des Cent Marches, which facilitated access to the gardens from the south, to the Pièce d'Eau des Suisses, and to the Parterre du Midi were constructed at this time, giving the gardens just south of the château their present configuration and decoration.
Additionally, to accommodate the anticipated construction of the Aile des Nobles - the north wing of the château - the Grotte de Thétys was demolished.
With the construction of the Aile des Nobles (1685–1686), the Parterre du Nord was remodelled to respond to the new architecture of this part of the château.
To compensate for the loss of the reservoir on top of the Grotte de Thétys and to meet the increased demand for water, Jules Hardouin-Mansart designed new and larger reservoirs situated north of the Aile des Nobles.
Construction of the ruinously expensive Canal de l'Eure was inaugurated in 1685; designed by Vauban it was intended to bring waters of the Eure over 80 kilometres, including aqueducts of heroic scale, but the works were abandoned in 1690.
Between 1686 and 1687, the Bassin de Latone, under the direction of Jules Hardouin-Mansart, was rebuilt. It is this final version of the fountain that one sees today at Versailles.
During this phase of construction, three of the garden's major bosquets were modified or created. Beginning with the Galerie des Antiques, this bosquet was constructed in 1680 on the site of the earlier and short-lived Galerie d'Eau. This bosquet was conceived as an open-air gallery in which antique statues and copies acquired by the Académie de France in Rome were displayed.
The following year, construction began on the Salle de Bal. Located in a secluded section of the garden west of the Orangerie, this bosquet was designed as an amphitheater that featured a cascade – the only one surviving in the gardens of Versailles. The Salle de Bal was inaugurated in 1685 with a ball hosted by the Grand Dauphin.
Between 1684 and 1685, Jules Hardouin-Mansart built the Colonnade. Located on the site of Le Nôtre's Bosquet des Sources, this bosquet featured a circular peristyle formed from thirty-two arches with twenty-eight fountains, and was Hardouin-Mansart's most architectural of the bosquets built in the gardens of Versailles.
(d) The Fourth Building Campaign
Due to financial constraints arising from the War of the League of Augsburg and the War of the Spanish Succession, no significant work on the gardens was undertaken until 1704.
Between 1704 and 1709, bosquets were modified, some quite radically, with new names suggesting the new austerity that characterised the latter years of Louis XIV's reign.
Louis XV
With the departure of the king and court from Versailles in 1715 following the death of Louis XIV, the palace and gardens entered an era of uncertainty.
In 1722, Louis XV and the court returned to Versailles. Seeming to heed his great-grandfather's admonition not to engage in costly building campaigns, Louis XV did not undertake the costly rebuilding that Louis XIV had.
During the reign of Louis XV, the only significant addition to the gardens was the completion of the Bassin de Neptune (1738–1741).
Rather than expend resources on modifying the gardens at Versailles, Louis XV - an avid botanist - directed his efforts at Trianon. In the area now occupied by the Hameau de la Reine, Louis XV constructed and maintained les Jardins Botaniques.
In 1761, Louis XV commissioned Ange-Jacques Gabriel to build the Petit Trianon as a residence that would allow him to spend more time near the Jardins Botaniques. It was at the Petit Trianon that Louis XV fell fatally ill with smallpox; he died at Versailles on the 10th. May 1774.
Louis XVI
Upon Louis XVI's ascension to the throne, the gardens of Versailles underwent a transformation that recalled the fourth building campaign of Louis XIV. Engendered by a change in outlook as advocated by Jean-Jacques Rousseau and the Philosophes, the winter of 1774–1775 witnessed a complete replanting of the gardens.
Trees and shrubbery dating from the reign of Louis XIV were felled or uprooted with the intent of transforming the French formal garden of Le Nôtre and Hardouin-Mansart into a version of an English landscape garden.
The attempt to convert Le Nôtre's masterpiece into an English-style garden failed to achieve its desired goal. Owing largely to the topology of the land, the English aesthetic was abandoned and the gardens replanted in the French style.
However, with an eye on economy, Louis XVI ordered the Palisades - the labour-intensive clipped hedging that formed walls in the bosquets - to be replaced with rows of lime trees or chestnut trees. Additionally, a number of the bosquets dating from the time of the Sun King were extensively modified or destroyed.
The most significant contribution to the gardens during the reign of Louis XVI was the Grotte des Bains d'Apollon. The rockwork grotto set in an English style bosquet was the masterpiece of Hubert Robert in which the statues from the Grotte de Thétys were placed.
Revolution
In 1792, under order from the National Convention, some of the trees in the gardens were felled, while parts of the Grand Parc were parcelled and dispersed.
Sensing the potential threat to Versailles, Louis Claude Marie Richard (1754–1821) – director of the Jardins Botaniques and grandson of Claude Richard – lobbied the government to save Versailles. He succeeded in preventing further dispersing of the Grand Parc, and threats to destroy the Petit Parc were abolished by suggesting that the parterres could be used to plant vegetable gardens, and that orchards could occupy the open areas of the garden.
These plans were never put into action; however, the gardens were opened to the public - it was not uncommon to see people washing their laundry in the fountains and spreading it on the shrubbery to dry.
Napoléon I
The Napoleonic era largely ignored Versailles. In the château, a suite of rooms was arranged for the use of the empress Marie-Louise, but the gardens were left unchanged, save for the disastrous felling of trees in the Bosquet de l'Arc de Triomphe and the Bosquet des Trois Fontaines. Massive soil erosion necessitated planting of new trees.
Restoration
With the restoration of the Bourbons in 1814, the gardens of Versailles witnessed the first modifications since the Revolution. In 1817, Louis XVIII ordered the conversion of the Île du Roi and the Miroir d'Eau into an English-style garden - the Jardin du Roi.
The July Monarchy; The Second Empire
While much of the château's interior was irreparably altered to accommodate the Museum of the History of France (inaugurated by Louis-Philippe on the 10th. June 1837), the gardens, by contrast, remained untouched.
With the exception of the state visit of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert in 1855, at which time the gardens were a setting for a gala fête that recalled the fêtes of Louis XIV, Napoléon III ignored the château, preferring instead the château of Compiègne.
Pierre de Nolhac
With the arrival of Pierre de Nolhac as director of the museum in 1892, a new era of historical research began at Versailles. Nolhac, an ardent archivist and scholar, began to piece together the history of Versailles, and subsequently established the criteria for restoration of the château and preservation of the gardens, which are ongoing to this day.
Bosquets of the Gardens
Owing to the many modifications made to the gardens between the 17th. and the 19th. centuries, many of the bosquets have undergone multiple modifications, which were often accompanied by name changes.
Deux Bosquets - Bosquet de la Girondole - Bosquet du Dauphin - Quinconce du Nord - Quinconce du Midi
These two bosquets were first laid out in 1663. They were arranged as a series of paths around four salles de verdure and which converged on a central "room" that contained a fountain.
In 1682, the southern bosquet was remodeled as the Bosquet de la Girondole, thus named due to spoke-like arrangement of the central fountain. The northern bosquet was rebuilt in 1696 as the Bosquet du Dauphin with a fountain that featured a dolphin.
During the replantation of 1774–1775, both the bosquets were destroyed. The areas were replanted with lime trees and were rechristened the Quinconce du Nord and the Quinconce du Midi.
Labyrinthe - Bosquet de la Reine
In 1665, André Le Nôtre planned a hedge maze of unadorned paths in an area south of the Latona Fountain near the Orangerie. In 1669, Charles Perrault - author of the Mother Goose Tales - advised Louis XIV to remodel the Labyrinthe in such a way as to serve the Dauphin's education.
Between 1672 and 1677, Le Nôtre redesigned the Labyrinthe to feature thirty-nine fountains that depicted stories from Aesop's Fables. The sculptors Jean-Baptiste Tuby, Étienne Le Hongre, Pierre Le Gros, and the brothers Gaspard and Balthazard Marsy worked on these thirty-nine fountains, each of which was accompanied by a plaque on which the fable was printed, with verse written by Isaac de Benserade; from these plaques, Louis XIV's son learned to read.
Once completed in 1677, the Labyrinthe contained thirty-nine fountains with 333 painted metal animal sculptures. The water for the elaborate waterworks was conveyed from the Seine by the Machine de Marly.
The Labyrinthe contained fourteen water-wheels driving 253 pumps, some of which worked at a distance of three-quarters of a mile.
Citing repair and maintenance costs, Louis XVI ordered the Labyrinthe demolished in 1778. In its place, an arboretum of exotic trees was planted as an English-styled garden.
Rechristened Bosquet de la Reine, it would be in this part of the garden that an episode of the Affair of the Diamond Necklace, which compromised Marie-Antoinette, transpired in 1785.
Bosquet de la Montagne d'Eau - Bosquet de l'Étoile
Originally designed by André Le Nôtre in 1661 as a salle de verdure, this bosquet contained a path encircling a central pentagonal area. In 1671, the bosquet was enlarged with a more elaborate system of paths that served to enhance the new central water feature, a fountain that resembled a mountain, hence the bosquets new name: Bosquet de la Montagne d'Eau.
The bosquet was completely remodeled in 1704 at which time it was rechristened Bosquet de l'Étoile.
Bosquet du Marais - Bosquet du Chêne Vert - Bosquet des Bains d'Apollon - Grotte des Bains d'Apollon
Created in 1670, this bosquet originally contained a central rectangular pool surrounded by a turf border. Edging the pool were metal reeds that concealed numerous jets for water; a swan that had water jetting from its beak occupied each corner.
The centre of the pool featured an iron tree with painted tin leaves that sprouted water from its branches. Because of this tree, the bosquet was also known as the Bosquet du Chêne Vert.
In 1705, this bosquet was destroyed in order to allow for the creation of the Bosquet des Bains d'Apollon, which was created to house the statues had once stood in the Grotte de Thétys.
During the reign of Louis XVI, Hubert Robert remodeled the bosquet, creating a cave-like setting for the Marsy statues. The bosquet was renamed the Grotte des Bains d'Apollon.
Île du Roi - Miroir d'Eau - Jardin du Roi
Originally designed in 1671 as two separate water features, the larger - Île du Roi - contained an island that formed the focal point of a system of elaborate fountains.
The Île du Roi was separated from the Miroir d'Eau by a causeway that featured twenty-four water jets. In 1684, the island was removed and the total number of water jets in the bosquet was significantly reduced.
The year 1704 witnessed a major renovation of the bosquet, at which time the causeway was remodelled and most of the water jets were removed.
A century later, in 1817, Louis XVIII ordered the Île du Roi and the Miroir d'Eau to be completely remodeled as an English-style garden. At this time, the bosquet was rechristened Jardin du Roi.
Salle des Festins - Salle du Conseil - Bosquet de l'Obélisque
In 1671, André Le Nôtre conceived a bosquet - originally christened Salle des Festins and later called Salle du Conseil - that featured a quatrefoil island surrounded by a channel containing fifty water jets. Access to the island was obtained by two swing bridges.
Beyond the channel and placed at the cardinal points within the bosquet were four additional fountains. Under the direction of Jules Hardouin-Mansart, the bosquet was completely remodeled in 1706. The central island was replaced by a large basin raised on five steps, which was surrounded by a canal. The central fountain contained 230 jets that, when in play, formed an obelisk – hence the new name Bosquet de l'Obélisque.
Bosquet du Théâtre d'Eau - Bosquet du Rond-Vert
The central feature of this bosquet, which was designed by Le Nôtre between 1671 and 1674, was an auditorium/theatre sided by three tiers of turf seating that faced a stage decorated with four fountains alternating with three radiating cascades.
Between 1680 and Louis XIV's death in 1715, there was near-constant rearranging of the statues that decorated the bosquet.
In 1709, the bosquet was rearranged with the addition of the Fontaine de l'Île aux Enfants. As part of the replantation of the gardens ordered by Louis XVI during the winter of 1774–1775, the Bosquet du Théâtre d'Eau was destroyed and replaced with the unadorned Bosquet du Rond-Vert. The Bosquet du Théâtre d'Eau was recreated in 2014, with South Korean businessman and photographer Yoo Byung-eun being the sole patron, donating €1.4 million.
Bosquet des Trois Fontaines - Berceau d'Eau
Situated to the west of the Allée des Marmousets and replacing the short-lived Berceau d'Eau (a long and narrow bosquet created in 1671 that featured a water bower made by numerous jets of water), the enlarged bosquet was transformed by Le Nôtre in 1677 into a series of three linked rooms.
Each room contained a number of fountains that played with special effects. The fountains survived the modifications that Louis XIV ordered for other fountains in the gardens in the early 18th. century and were subsequently spared during the 1774–1775 replantation of the gardens.
In 1830, the bosquet was replanted, at which time the fountains were suppressed. Due to storm damage in the park in 1990 and then again in 1999, the Bosquet des Trois Fontaines was restored and re-inaugurated on the 12th. June 2004.
Bosquet de l'Arc de Triomphe
This bosquet was originally planned in 1672 as a simple pavillon d'eau - a round open expanse with a square fountain in the centre. In 1676, this bosquet was enlarged and redecorated along political lines that alluded to French military victories over Spain and Austria, at which time the triumphal arch was added - hence the name.
As with the Bosquet des Trois Fontaines, this bosquet survived the modifications of the 18th. century, but was replanted in 1830, at which time the fountains were removed.
Bosquet de la Renommée - Bosquet des Dômes
Built in 1675, the Bosquet de la Renommée featured a fountain statue of Fame. With the relocation of the statues from the Grotte de Thétys in 1684, the bosquet was remodelled to accommodate the statues, and the Fame fountain was removed.
At this time the bosquet was rechristened Bosquet des Bains d'Apollon. As part of the reorganisation of the garden that was ordered by Louis XIV in the early part of the 18th. century, the Apollo grouping was moved once again to the site of the Bosquet du Marais - located near the Latona Fountain - which was destroyed and was replaced by the new Bosquet des Bains d'Apollon.
The statues were installed on marble plinths from which water issued; and each statue grouping was protected by an intricately carved and gilded baldachin.
The old Bosquet des Bains d'Apollon was renamed Bosquet des Dômes due to two domed pavilions built in the bosquet.
Bosquet de l'Encélade
Created in 1675 at the same time as the Bosquet de la Renommée, the fountain of this bosquet depicts Enceladus, a fallen Giant who was condemned to live below Mount Etna, being consumed by volcanic lava.
From its conception, this fountain was conceived as an allegory of Louis XIV's victory over the Fronde. In 1678, an octagonal ring of turf and eight rocaille fountains surrounding the central fountain were added. These additions were removed in 1708.
When in play, this fountain has the tallest jet of all the fountains in the gardens of Versailles - 25 metres.
Bosquet des Sources - La Colonnade
Designed as a simple unadorned salle de verdure by Le Nôtre in 1678, the landscape architect enhanced and incorporated an existing stream to create a bosquet that featured rivulets that twisted among nine islets.
In 1684, Jules Hardouin-Mansart completely redesigned the bosquet by constructing a circular arched double peristyle. The Colonnade, as it was renamed, originally featured thirty-two arches and thirty-one fountains – a single jet of water splashed into a basin center under the arch.
In 1704, three additional entrances to the Colonnade were added, which reduced the number of fountains from thirty-one to twenty-eight. The statue that currently occupies the centre of the Colonnade - the Abduction of Persephone - (from the Grande Commande of 1664) was set in place in 1696.
Galerie d'Eau - Galerie des Antiques - Salle des Marronniers
Occupying the site of the Galerie d'Eau (1678), the Galerie des Antiques was designed in 1680 to house the collection of antique statues and copies of antique statues acquired by the Académie de France in Rome.
Surrounding a central area paved with colored stone, a channel was decorated with twenty statues on plinths, each separated by three jets of water.
The Galerie was completely remodeled in 1704 when the statues were transferred to Marly and the bosquet was replanted with horse chestnut trees - hence the current name Salle des Marronniers.
Salle de Bal
This bosquet, which was designed by Le Nôtre and built between 1681 and 1683, features a semi-circular cascade that forms the backdrop for a salle de verdure.
Interspersed with gilt lead torchères, which supported candelabra for illumination, the Salle de Bal was inaugurated in 1683 by Louis XIV's son, the Grand Dauphin, with a dance party.
The Salle de Bal was remodeled in 1707 when the central island was removed and an additional entrance was added.
Replantations of the Gardens
Common to any long-lived garden is replantation, and Versailles is no exception. In their history, the gardens of Versailles have undergone no less than five major replantations, which have been executed for practical and aesthetic reasons.
During the winter of 1774–1775, Louis XVI ordered the replanting of the gardens on the grounds that many of the trees were diseased or overgrown, and needed to be replaced.
Also, as the formality of the 17th.-century garden had fallen out of fashion, this replantation sought to establish a new informality in the gardens - that would also be less expensive to maintain.
This, however, was not achieved, as the topology of the gardens favored the Jardin à la Française over an English-style garden.
Then, in 1860, much of the old growth from Louis XVI's replanting was removed and replaced. In 1870, a violent storm struck the area, damaging and uprooting scores of trees, which necessitated a massive replantation program.
However, owing to the Franco-Prussian War, which toppled Napoléon III, and the Commune de Paris, replantation of the garden did not get underway until 1883.
The most recent replantations of the gardens were precipitated by two storms that battered Versailles in 1990 and then again in 1999. The storm damage at Versailles and Trianon amounted to the loss of thousands of trees - the worst such damage in the history of Versailles.
The replantations have allowed museum and governmental authorities to restore and rebuild some of the bosquets that were abandoned during the reign of Louis XVI, such as the Bosquet des Trois Fontaines, which was restored in 2004.
Catherine Pégard, the head of the public establishment which administers Versailles, has stated that the intention is to return the gardens to their appearance under Louis XIV, specifically as he described them in his 1704 description, Manière de Montrer les Jardins de Versailles.
This involves restoring some of the parterres like the Parterre du Midi to their original formal layout, as they appeared under Le Nôtre. This was achieved in the Parterre de Latone in 2013, when the 19th. century lawns and flower beds were torn up and replaced with boxwood-enclosed turf and gravel paths to create a formal arabesque design.
Pruning is also done to keep trees at between 17 and 23 metres (56 to 75 feet), so as not to spoil the carefully designed perspectives of the gardens.
Owing to the natural cycle of replantations that has occurred at Versailles, it is safe to state that no trees dating from the time of Louis XIV are to be found in the gardens.
Problems With Water
The marvel of the gardens of Versailles - then as now - is the fountains. Yet, the very element that animates the gardens, water, has proven to be the affliction of the gardens since the time of Louis XIV.
The gardens of Louis XIII required water, and local ponds provided an adequate supply. However, once Louis XIV began expanding the gardens with more and more fountains, supplying the gardens with water became a critical challenge.
To meet the needs of the early expansions of the gardens under Louis XIV, water was pumped to the gardens from ponds near the château, with the Clagny pond serving as the principal source.
Water from the pond was pumped to the reservoir on top of the Grotte de Thétys, which fed the fountains in the garden by means of gravitational hydraulics. Other sources included a series of reservoirs located on the Satory Plateau south of the château.
The Grand Canal
By 1664, increased demand for water necessitated additional sources. In that year, Louis Le Vau designed the Pompe, a water tower built north of the château. The Pompe drew water from the Clagny pond using a system of windmills and horsepower to a cistern housed in the Pompe's building. The capacity of the Pompe 600 cubic metres per day - alleviated some of the water shortages in the garden.
With the completion of the Grand Canal in 1671, which served as drainage for the fountains of the garden, water, via a system of windmills, was pumped back to the reservoir on top of the Grotte de Thétys.
While this system solved some of the water supply problems, there was never enough water to keep all of the fountains running in the garden in full-play all of the time.
While it was possible to keep the fountains in view from the château running, those concealed in the bosquets and in the farther reaches of the garden were run on an as-needed basis.
In 1672, Jean-Baptiste Colbert devised a system by which the fountaineers in the gardens would signal each other with whistles upon the approach of the king, indicating that their fountain needed to be turned on. Once the king had passed a fountain in play, it would be turned off and the fountaineer would signal that the next fountain could be turned on.
In 1674, the Pompe was enlarged, and subsequently referred to as the Grande Pompe. Pumping capacity was increased via increased power and the number of pistons used for lifting the water. These improvements increased the water capacity to nearly 3,000 cubic metres of water per day; however, the increased capacity of the Grande Pompe often left the Clagny pond dry.
The increasing demand for water and the stress placed on existing systems of water supply necessitated newer measures to increase the water supplied to Versailles. Between 1668 and 1674, a project was undertaken to divert the water of the Bièvre river to Versailles. By damming the river and with a pumping system of five windmills, water was brought to the reservoirs located on the Satory Plateau. This system brought an additional 72,000 cubic metres water to the gardens on a daily basis.
Despite the water from the Bièvre, the gardens needed still more water, which necessitated more projects. In 1681, one of the most ambitious water projects conceived during the reign of Louis XIV was undertaken.
Owing to the proximity of the Seine to Versailles, a project was proposed to raise the water from the river to be delivered to Versailles. Seizing upon the success of a system devised in 1680 that raised water from the Seine to the gardens of Saint-Germain-en-Laye, construction of the Machine de Marly began the following year.
The Machine de Marly was designed to lift water from the Seine in three stages to the Aqueduc de Louveciennes some 100 metres above the level of the river. A series of huge waterwheels was constructed in the river, which raised the water via a system of 64 pumps to a reservoir 48 metres above the river. From this first reservoir, water was raised an additional 56 metres to a second reservoir by a system of 79 pumps. Finally, 78 additional pumps raised the water to the aqueduct, which carried the water to Versailles and Marly.
In 1685, the Machine de Marly came into full operation. However, owing to leakage in the conduits and breakdowns of the mechanism, the machine was only able to deliver 3,200 cubic metres of water per day - approximately one-half the expected output. The machine was nevertheless a must-see for visitors. Despite the fact that the gardens consumed more water per day than the entire city of Paris, the Machine de Marly remained in operation until 1817.
During Louis XIV's reign, water supply systems represented one-third of the building costs of Versailles. Even with the additional output from the Machine de Marly, fountains in the garden could only be run à l'ordinaire - which is to say at half-pressure.
With this measure of economy, the fountains still consumed 12,800 cubic metres of water per day, far above the capacity of the existing supplies. In the case of the Grandes Eaux - when all the fountains played to their maximum - more than 10,000 cubic metres of water was needed for one afternoon's display.
Accordingly, the Grandes Eaux were reserved for special occasions such as the Siamese Embassy visit of 1685–1686.
The Canal de l'Eure
One final attempt to solve water shortage problems was undertaken in 1685. In this year it was proposed to divert the water of the Eure river, located 160 km. south of Versailles and at a level 26 m above the garden reservoirs.
The project called not only for digging a canal and for the construction of an aqueduct, it also necessitated the construction of shipping channels and locks to supply the workers on the main canal.
Between 9,000 to 10,000 troops were pressed into service in 1685; the next year, more than 20,000 soldiers were engaged in construction. Between 1686 and 1689, when the Nine Years' War began, one-tenth of France's military was at work on the Canal de l'Eure project.
However with the outbreak of the war, the project was abandoned, never to be completed. Had the aqueduct been completed, some 50,000 cubic metres of water would have been sent to Versailles - more than enough to solve the water problem of the gardens.
Today, the museum of Versailles is still faced with water problems. During the Grandes Eaux, water is circulated by means of modern pumps from the Grand Canal to the reservoirs. Replenishment of the water lost due to evaporation comes from rainwater, which is collected in cisterns that are located throughout the gardens and diverted to the reservoirs and the Grand Canal.
Assiduous husbanding of this resource by museum officials prevents the need to tap into the supply of potable water of the city of Versailles.
The Versailles Gardens In Popular Culture
The creation of the gardens of Versailles is the context for the film 'A Little Chaos', directed by Alan Rickman and released in 2015, in which Kate Winslet plays a fictional landscape gardener and Rickman plays King Louis XIV.
Singapur Vesna 26. studeni 1989. 0064 R a Distributed by A 8: T International (PTE) LTD.
Printed in Australia by Colorscans.
Photo by R. Ian Lloyd.
In Marabo clinic village health workers were vaccinating and distributing vitamin A. UNICEF provides about 80% of the funding of the governments Expanded Programme of Immunization. UNICEF provides the vaccines, needles, syringes, cold chain materials and sharps boxes.
The Marabo clinic covers about 12,000 people. Most of the inhabitants are returnees. The clinic has 4 nurses and a further are being trained from the relais communautaires(I am not sure I heard this correctly as I am told this is not standard practice).
The clinic is supported by 25 relais communautaires voluntary workers. They register the mothers and children for the immunization and during the week spread health and sanitation messages. Three volunteers can be seen working on the campaign; one to register the children, one in charge of the vitamin A and one with iron tablets.
The volunteer who explained this to me (woman with black turban sitting at the table) had been a volunteer for 3 years, she had been asked to become one by her neighbours, she said she did the work as she wanted to develop her community. She spread messages about sanitation mainly at the end of prayer meetings but also from door to door. In her neigbourhood 30 out of 100 houses had latrines.
Solidarites has just started a programme to provide tools for families so that they can build latrines.
International Development Secretary Justine Greening pictured visiting a food voucher distribution centre operated by World Vision under the World Food Programme in Lebanon, 9 July 2013.
Spiralling Syrian refugee numbers could overload Lebanon’s stretched infrastructure and heighten regional tensions, International Development Secretary Justine Greening warned today.
Ms Greening was speaking during a visit to Lebanon, where she saw first-hand the impact of ongoing violence in Syria both on refugees and host communities. She announced that the UK will allocate a further £50 million to help both Syrian refugees in Lebanon and Lebanese people affected by the crisis.
The new support from the UK will provide immediate, life-saving help including food and shelter to vulnerable Syrian refugees. Other initiatives could include cash for work programmes for both refugees and vulnerable Lebanese and livelihood protection programmes with vaccinations and feed for Lebanese livestock owners.
For more information please see www.gov.uk/government/news/50m-uk-support-to-lebanon-as-r...
Picture: Foreign & Commonwealth Office
Proposed by the Browne Commission, as a means to distribute special building funds donated in trust by Edward Ingersoll Browne, Curley Mall sits along the Freedom Trail at Faneuil Hall opposite City Hall. Surrounded by benches are two life-sized bronze statues of James Curley, designed by artist Lloyd Lillie and dedicated in 1980 by Mayor Kevin White. One shows him seated on a park bench, the other shows him standing, as if giving a speech, a campaign button on his lapel. Originally, only the former was proposed, but when City Councillor Frederick Langone claimed that "Curley never sat on a bench in his life", the "more dignified" likeness was added.
Described by author Jack Beatty as 'The Rascal King,' James Michael Curley (1874-1958) dominated Boston politics for half of the 20th century. A son of Galway immigrants, Curley was admired by working families who believed "his triumph was their triumph," and resented by opponents for his zealous railing against the Yankee establishment and for his rough and tumble political style.
Curley served in various municipal offices and one term in the Massachusetts House of Representatives (1902-1903). He is noted for having been elected to the Board of Aldermen in 1904 while in prison, having been convicted of fraud. Curley and an associate, Thomas Curley (no relation) took the civil service exams for postmen for two men in their district to help them get the jobs with the federal government. Though the incident gave him a dark reputation in respectable circles, it aided his image in working class or poor circles.
He was was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in the 12th district seat (1911-1914), served three terms as Mayor of Boston (1914-1918, 1922-1926 and 1930-1934), served as Governor of Massachusetts (1935-1937), was returned to the U.S. House of Representatives (1943-1947), this time in the 11th district, and then served one more term as Mayor of Boston from 1945 to 1949.
In 1947, during his last mayoral term, he was convicted for a second time on federal charges of official misconduct, including mail fraud. He spent five months in jail during this term, but still retained a considerable degree of popularity with the working classes. President Harry Truman pardoned him, enabling his release. A failed mayoral bid in 1951 marked the end of his serious political career, although he continued to support other candidates and remain active within the Democratic Party, and even ran for mayor one last time in 1955. That was his 10th time running for Boston's mayor.
Curley had an unusually tragic personal life. He outlived his first wife and seven of his nine children. Two twins died shortly after childbirth. One of his two daughters died while a teenager. His namesake, James Jr., who was groomed as Curley's political heir, died in his early adulthood. Another son who had a drinking problem died while Curley ran for mayor in 1945. Finally, his remaining daughter and another son both died of strokes on the same day in 1950. Both were in the same room of Curley's house talking on the same phone when they had their two strokes.
A few feet away is a bar named for one of his symbols, The Purple Shamrock. Curley's house, located at 350 Jamaicaway, was known in his time as "the house with the shamrock shutters."
Spa Country – Victoria’s Mineral Springs
Spa Country - Victoria's Mineral Springs Publication The Victorian Mineral Water Committee (VMWC), together with the Department of Sustainability and Environment (DSE), have developed a publication ‘Spa Country – Victoria’s Mineral Springs’ . The publication was launched by Geoff Howard MP at the pavilion cafe at the Hepburn Mineral Springs Reserve at 11 am on Saturday the 13 March 2010.
The book is distributed by the Daylesford Historical Society.
More information on Victoria’s Mineral springs can be found at www.mineralwater.vic.gov.au Spring locations include:
Bagnalls MS50Baird MS107;Bald Hill MS33;Ballan Shaws MS103;Barrangunda 8 8A108;Black Creek MS4;Black Rock Springs ;Blackwood MS64;Bullarto MS59
Bullengarook Goodmans MS104;Carrolls and Hell Hole MS1118;Charlies Hope MS101;Clarendon Cantlon MS95;Clarendon MS75;Clifton Springs MS79;Colmadai MS74;Coliban MS13-14; Coliban Ords MS43; Creswick Springs
CSR Hard Hills Central MS42; CSR Sutton MS41; CSR Wagga MS99; Deep Creek Brandy Hot MS37; Deep Creek Corinella MS45; Deep Creek Crystal MS38; Deep Creek Tala McGuiness MS93-94; Donnybrook MS73; Dropmore MS90; Dry Diggings MS17; Eganstown Belfast MS47; Ellis Falls MS102; Flowerdale MS91; Frankston MS83; Frichots MS114; Geelong MS76-78
Gilmore Limestone Creek MS9; Glenlyon Forest MS34; Glenlyon Recreation Reserve MS24; Glenlyon Veletti MS19; Golden MS98; Golden Wattle MS44-44A
Gooches MS32; Gunssers MS70-72; Hendersons Boots Gully MS25; Hepburn MS27-31v9; Hogans MS111; Johnstone MS87; Joyces Creek MS2; Jubilee Lake MS51; Knowsley East MS109; Krambruk MS85; Kurrabri Park MS110; Kyneton Boggy Creek MS10; Kyneton MS12; Leachate Bicarbonate;Leggatts MS39-40;Leitches Creek MS49;Liberty MS97;Lithia MS16;Lyonville MS52-57;Maldon Township MS;Merideth Mineral Spring;Muirs Boon Spa MS61-62;Murphys MS11;Newstead MS1;Old Tom MS58;Otway Basin;Sailors Creek MS63;Sailors Creek North MS48;Sailors Creek South MS63;Sailors Falls MS60;Sailors Flat MS46;Salt Lick MS96;Shannahan Lane;Somerton MS105;Spargo Creek MS65-68;Springs at Dykes;Stony Creek Fryers MS8;Taradale MS100;Tipperary Fairy Dell MS35-36;Tucker Point MS26;Turpin Falls MS3;TyldenMS15and92;Uncertain Springs 1910;Vaughan Glen Luce MS7Walls MS106;Warby MS86;Werribee River Unnamed Carrolls Track MS69;Woolnoughs Crossing MS20;Yackandanda MS89Yandoit MS5-6
Hepburn Mineral Springs Reserve – Victorian Heritage Register Statement of Significance
What is significant?
The Hepburn Springs Mineral Reserve is approximately 30 hectares of public land adjacent to Hepburn Springs township that includes the Hepburn Mineral Springs Spa Complex. The reserve contains a series of mineral springs that have been in continuous public use for drinking and bathing since the mid-19th century are the best known of the large concentration of more than 100 mineral springs in Victoria's Central Highlands first systematically inventoried by the Geological Survey of Victoria in 1910 under Director of E.J. Dunn (1904 - 1912). A reserve of 0.5 hectares was first created on the site in 1868 to protect the springs from surrounding gold mining activities. The extent of the reserve was increased to its present size in the early 20th century as a result of local pressure for protection of the mineral springs local pressure and on the recommendation of Dunn that a network of Mineral Springs Reserves of standard size be established throughout Victoria.
Although the local community, in particular the Swiss-Italian migrants, had regularly used the springs since at least the 1870s, it was the construction of the rail line to nearby Daylesford in 1880 that markedly increased the accessibility of the springs to tourists who came in increasing numbers to 'take the waters'. By the 1890s a bath house had been established at the springs offering a range of hydrotherapies, reflecting the popularity of health tourism in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The popularity of the Springs continued through the first decades of the 20th century and into the inter-war years, but declined rapidly after the Second World War. In the 1980s resurgence in the popularity of the Hepburn Mineral Springs led to substantial renovation of the spa bath house. The Reserve continues to be a major Victorian tourist destination.
The topography of the Reserve is dominated by a gully, through which Spring Creek runs and along which the Reserves' three main springs, the Soda, Locarno and Sulphur springs are located. The springs have been modified over time, with infrastructure in place from the early 20th century to permit water to be collected by efficient and sanitary means for use in the bath house and for drinking. The Locarno Spring, identified in 1914 and named in honour of a prominent Swiss-Italian community member, is permanently set aside for public use. Members of the local Swiss community were also responsible for construction of the swimming pool on Spring Creek in the south of the reserve in the late 1920s (H1865).
The landscape, once reflecting mining activities, is now a picturesque combination of regrowth native vegetation and exotic trees on the higher land while along the creek are cultivated parklands of lawn, exotic deciduous trees and conifers and ornamental plantings and paving, much of which is Castlemaine slate. Many of the exotic trees were planted by local communities in an effort to beautify the reserve, provide shade in summer and create a landscape reminiscent of European spa centres. The main lawn area or Picnic Park, is dominated by a single Sierra Redwood (Sequioadentrum giganteum) specimen planted in 1901 to commemorate Federation.
Within the garden landscape along the creek are a number of buildings associated with the recreational use of the mineral springs since late 19th century including the only extant 19th century mineral springs bathhouse in Victoria. This brick building was erected in 1895 and extended in the 1920s with the addition of further baths and waiting room (1922) followed by a boiler house. This structure continued in use until the late 1980s when major renovations and additions were undertaken creating the Hepburn Springs Spa Complex in which external fabric of the original bath house and 1920s extension was retained along with a brick chimney from the boiler house. To the south of the bath house a timber pavilion was erected in 1897 to provide shelter for visitors. This was replaced in 1908 by the extant Edwardian red brick hexagonal pavilion in which community dances and other social functions were held in the inter-war period and which continues to serve as a shelter for visitors. An adjoining kiosk, also in red brick was added on the north side of the pavilion in 1939.
There are a number of other buildings in the Reserve including the caretakers cottage, a single storey weatherboard cottage probably dating to the early 20th century, and the Sound Shell, a small concrete block structure in the Picnic Park erected in 1971 by the Hepburn Springs Progress Association to provide an open air performance space.
How is it significant?
The Hepburn Mineral Springs Reserve is of historic, social, aesthetic and scientific significance to the State of Victoria
Why is it Significant?
Hepburn Springs Mineral Reserve is of historical significance as an intact and authentic expression of 19th and early 20th century nature and health tourism in Victoria, made popular through the development of the country rail network and also reflected in the construction of the Mount Buffalo Chalet in 1910 (H0901) and development of the Buchan Caves Reserve in the first decades of the 20th century (H1978). The rapid rise in the popularity of the Hepburn Springs Mineral Reserve in the late 19th century was specifically related to the then popular belief in the recuperative and invigorating powers of 'taking the waters'.
The Hepburn Mineral Springs Reserve is of historic significance as the best known and most popular of Victoria's mineral springs, in continuous use since at least the 1870s. Hepburn Springs is the only mineral spa development with a surviving 19th century bath house.
Hepburn Mineral Springs Reserve is of scientific significance for the geological feature of the mineral springs themselves, each of which has a unique chemical composition, and for the Reserve's association with the establishment of the network of Mineral Reserves in Victoria in the early 20th century through the Geological Survey of Victoria and its Director E. J Dunn (1904 - 1912).
The Hepburn Mineral Springs Reserve is of aesthetic significance as a constructed picturesque and evocative cultural landscape combining exotic, European, plantings with indigenous vegetation, exhibiting a high degree of authenticity especially in the largely intact pavilion and surviving fabric of the 19th century bath house set amid the garden landscape.
Hepburn Springs Mineral Reserve is of social significance to the people of Victoria as a highly popular place of recreation and source of mineral water for public use.
Hepburn Springs Mineral Reserve is of social significance for its association with European migrant communities in Victoria, in particular the Swiss-Italian community who recognised the therapeutic value of the springs in the 19th century, who continue to have a strong attachment to the place and who contribute to the conservation of the springs through community action.
FORMER MINERAL SPRINGS, CLIFTON SPRINGS Victorian Heritage Register Statement of Significance
What is significant?
Clifton Springs is an archaeological site on the Bellarine Peninsula where a 19th century Mineral Springs and Spa Complex operated from around 1875-1920, the only 19th century 'seaside' mineral springs resort in Victoria. Located on Corio Bay, it was a convenient location for visitors including holiday makers and the infirm to reach by sea especially following establishment of a regular bay steamship service to the Springs from 1890.
At least seven springs of different types and qualities exist along the foreshore, concentrated in a 50 metre stretch of beach between the remains of two jetties and includes the cove known as the 'Dell'. European records of the mineral springs first appear on Lands Department Survey maps in 1854 and the springs were widely used by the 1870s. The first commercial bottling of the spring water began on the site in 1875 and the Clifton Springs Mineral Company was established in 1880 when over 5000 bottles were being sold annually. This involved the construction of a bottling house, a roadway along the beach and a manager's cottage in the Dell. By the 1890s, a bottling facility, kiosk, pump station and bath house existed on the site. Heated spring water was pumped to the bath house and to a grand hotel constructed on top of the cliff behind the springs in 1888 (destroyed by fire in 1921). By the second decade of the 20th century the springs were becoming polluted, considered a health risk and eventually closed. The 19th century buildings on the site had disappeared or been demolished by 1925.
Although the site has been significantly eroded, archaeological remains visible along the foreshore reflect use of the naturally occurring springs at the site for recreational and health activities, as a spa centre and mineral water bottling plant and indicate the presence of intact subsurface archaeological deposits to the rear of the current shoreline. Archaeological remains include brick and timber foundations, ceramic vessels, glass bottles, metal pipes. The area including the remains of the jetties, and immediately behind the present beach line to the base of the cliffs is of archaeological potential.
Springs: Features include large earthenware pots in which spring water was collected and circular brick structures that mark the location of four of the twelve springs recorded along the beach in the 19th century. Seven of these have been located through archaeological survey. Structural remains include brick and timber foundations eroding from the section at the base of the cliff adjacent to the springs. These are likely to be the remains of the late 19th century kiosk and bottling factory. A large amount of glass and other artefacts are also eroding onto the beach adjacent to these structural remains.
Jetties: The remains of two jetties and a number of other structures, including fence lines, are evident in the water adjacent to the site. The uprights of the 'steamship' jetty, constructed around 1890 to bring passengers to the spa and resort complex on the east of the remains of the spa complex. The uprights of the short jetty and the sea baths at the far end are visible to the west of the main concentration of archaeological material. There is high archaeological potential of artefact deposits around the base of the remains of both jetties.
How is it significant?
Clifton Springs foreshore precinct is of historical, archaeological, and scientific significance to the State of Victoria
Why is it Significant?
The Clifton Springs foreshore is of historical significance as a site of 19th century health tourism in Victoria, associated with the then popular belief in the recuperative and invigorating powers of 'taking the waters'. Bathing in and ingesting of spring waters was considered to alleviate the perceived detrimental effects on health from increasing urbanisation and industrialisation.
The scale, longevity and importance of the site as a source of bottled mineral water is reflected in the large number of artefacts on the site which are in turn indicative of the archaeological potential of the area between the high tide mark and the base of the cliffs at the rear of the foreshore. Alterations to the beach landscape including excavation of the cliff base for the laying of pipes to transport spring water to the bath house reflect an investment of labour and infrastructure on the site commensurate with the importance placed on health giving properties attributed to mineral water consumption and spa bathing.
The associated maritime infrastructure, including the remains of the 'steamship pier', is of historical significance in reflecting the central communication and transport role of ferry services around Port Phillip Bay in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
The site of Clifton Springs is of archaeological and scientific (technical) significance, being a rare example of a mineral springs complex reflecting 19th century technology for the collection and bottling of mineral springs waters. At other prominent 19th century mineral springs resorts in Victoria such as Hepburn Springs development continued into the 20th century and little remains of the 19th century infrastructure for extracting and bottling the water.
The former Mineral Springs, Clifton Springs complex is of archaeological significance owing to the potential for the site to yield important in situ remains, including artefact deposits, relating to the 19th Century Mineral Spring and Spa Complex. The archaeological evidence has the potential to contribute to an informed level of understanding reflecting important information about the history and associated activities of the site. The site also contains visible, albeit deteriorated, remains relating to the mineral springs and associated infrastructure that are predominantly located along the foreshore area.
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Bags of food await as members of Ames Memorial United Methodist Church in Baltimore distributes food, toiletries and lunch to neighbors affected by weeks of protests and then rioting following the death of Freddie Gray, 25, in police custody. May 9, 2015. Photo by Jay Mallin, UMNS
Just purchased this great book on Berry Gordy's father
and most interesting autographed by sisters and brother of
Berry Gordy.
Movin' Up, Pop Gordy Tells His Story by Berry Gordy
Signed By Family Members Cathy Gordy Edwards, Gwen Gordy Fuqua, Anna Gordy Gaye, And Fuller Gordy
Anna Ruby Gordy - first wife of Marvin Gaye
Anna Ruby Gaye (née Gordy; January 28, 1922 – January 31, 2014) was an American businesswoman,
composer and songwriter. An elder sister of Motown founder Berry Gordy, she became a record
executive in the mid-to-late 1950s distributing records released on Checker and Gone Records
before forming the Anna label with Billy Davis and sister Gwen. Gordy later became known as a
songwriter for several hits including the Originals' "Baby, I'm for Real", and at least two
songs on Marvin Gaye's What's Going On album. The first wife of Gaye, their turbulent marriage
later served as inspiration for Gaye's album, Here, My Dear
Esther Gordy Edwards
Esther Gordy Edwards (April 25, 1920 – August 24, 2011)[1] was a staff member and associate of
her younger brother Berry Gordy's Motown label during the 1960s.[2] Edwards created the Motown
Museum, Hitsville U.S.A., by preserving the label's Detroit studio. She also served as
President of the Motown Museum and has been called the "Mother of Motown
Gwen Gordy Fuqua
Gwen Fuqua (born Gwendolyn Gordy; November 26, 1927 – November 8, 1999[1]) was an American
businesswoman, songwriter and composer, most notably writing hit songs such as "Lonely
Teardrops", "All I Could Do Was Cry" and "Distant Lover". She earned her full name after
marrying Harvey Fuqua and kept the name after their divorce.
Fuller Berry Gordy
The eldest Gordy child, Fuller B. Gordy (September 9, 1918 – November 9, 1991), born in
Georgia, was an executive alongside his younger siblings in their brother Berry's Motown music
company. Fuller was also a professional in bowling. His daughter Iris was married to singer
Johnny Bristol
Book Details
Movin’ Up: Pop Gordy Tells His Story (1979)
Here, in his own words, is the story of an extraordinary black American, son of a former slave,
and father of Berry Gordy Jr., who founded Motown Records.
Pop Gordy’s story starts on his father’s plantation in Georgia, in an old house with enough
chinks in the shingles to let in the fresh air. Whether scrapping with his brothers and
sisters, fooling his momma, walking the crops with his Papa, or scufflin’ hard to make his
living, Berry knew how to enjoy everything he did. When he left the South to build a new life
in Detroit, he took his love of family, fun, and honest hard work with him.
Berry Gordy Sr., and his wife Bertha Fuller Gordy, arrived in Detroit from Georgia in 1922.
Starting with odd jobs and later a small grocery store, Berry “Pop” Gordy established a
succession of businesses, including a prosperous construction business. In the mid-1960’s, his
son Berry, Jr., bought the business, fired his father, and immediately hired him to an
executive position at the Motown Record Corporation. A churchgoing family, Mr. and Mrs. Gordy
at first affiliated with The Church of God in Christ, and later became members of Bethel A.M.E.
Church, for which Mr. Gordy served as trustee. Pop Gordy credited hard work in part for his
longevity and, until his death, was working as a consultant to Motown Records.
Completed before his death at the age of ninety in November 1978, Berry Gordy’s memoirs tell
how he taught his family to make it in a white world—the lessons he learned from his father,
his elders, and life itself. It’s warm, anecdotal style will draw readers of all ages to the
story of this lovable man.
Alex Haley contributed to Movin’ Up: Pop Gordy Tells His Story by writing the following
introduction:
Introduction By Alex Haley
“POP” Gordy was such a father figure to so very many of us who knew and loved him—not only his
family, but literally thousands of others from different walks of life. Whenever any of us
would feel the need to talk with this man, it was because we felt in him a kind of combination
of strength, goodness, wisdom, and understanding such as is seldom possessed by any one human
being. We knew that we had only to pick up a telephone and visit with Pop conversationally, if
we did not wish to go and sit with him personally. Today a sense of his presence certainly is
very much with every one of us who had the honor and the privilege to know him.
If Movin’ Up is to be your first meeting with Pop, then it is important that you understand it
represents highlights of his long life as he recalled them in a number of tape-recorded
sessions; and also that this Pop Gordy was a man who never attempted to be “fancy” in anything
he ever said, or that he ever did, for that matter. For throughout his life, Pop was as simple,
direct, and straightforward as he was honest, candid, and sincere.
If you are to get the most out of Pop’s memories, which he shares with us here, you should
realize that much of what Pop is telling us about are experiences of his boyhood, youth, and
young manhood; he is, in fact, giving us a look at how peoples’ lives went scores of years ago
in the part of Georgia where he was reared. You might want to compare Pop’s experiences with
your own and consider whether and how much manners of expression and relationships between the
races have changed since the time of Pop’s childhood.
In Pop’s boyhood world, his father was one of the many men who farmed with their families’ help
within the general area of small Sandersville, Georgia. But where most farmers ended each year
once more in debt to the bank and various credit merchants, in the Gordys’ case it was
different. Pop and his brothers and sisters grew up seeing the practically religious regard of
their parents for keeping meticulous records of any business they were involved in, no matter
how seemingly trivial or small. As one result, the Gordys were gradually able to save enough to
buy more land, and a better home to live in. So the principles of hard work and careful
business practices were early and indelibly impressed upon the Gordy children.
Physically small for his age, Pop (or little Berry) also learned how to use his quick fists to
gain respect. To be sure, he loved his pranks and mischief, which brought him frequent
switchings and whippings from one or the other of his parents. You must chuckle when Pop
recollects his bumbling, futile efforts to lie to his daddy about how a dog had attacked a cat
that had killed an “invisible” rabbit. Or you can’t help be tickled as he steals his fill of
his mother’s preserves, which she had thought he thoroughly disliked; and at his efforts to
prevent his first girl friend’s discovery that he and his brother and sister had to walk for
miles to get home from high school. You will pull for Pop’s battling school-yard bullies, until
he finally beat their biggest and toughest, thus earning their respect and even their
friendship.
Pop’s father somehow sensed in him the special potential of a businessman, and let Berry
accompany him into town to do the necessary “figgerin’?” when business was conducted with
various merchants. Berry developed the habit that when not working, he spent much of his free
time alone, simply thinking about things he had read, seen, or heard—especially things he had
overheard from local elderly people, particularly his beloved grandma. Later he would tell his
own children that he found that listening quietly to elderly people’s conversations had taught
him as much as anything he had ever learned in school.
No part of this book is more emotionally moving than Pop’s account of the tragic, abrupt death
of his father, which left their whole family feeling ravaged. But it would seem as if his
father had been training Berry to become the “administrator” who would attend to family
affairs. It was soon locally circulated that the young Berry was nobody’s fool.
Meeting a pretty local schoolteacher named Bertha Fuller, young Berry Gordy convinced her that
she should marry him. He expanded his business activities. He sold beef from a cart. He raised
and sold pigs. Then when he sold for his family a large number of timber stumps from their
joint property, he feared to cash the resulting $2600 check anywhere locally, lest it cause
problems, and upon advice he took a long train ride to cash the large check in Detroit.
After Pop was married, he moved his family to Detroit. You will read how Pop taught himself to
plaster and to do carpentry, until he became a contractor. He bought a grocery store, which
became a small institution within the east side Detroit black community.
Pop and his good wife, Bertha, continued their job of raising a family of eight children with
such quality that they would live to see their family acclaimed as one of the most outstanding
black families within the nation. Among their children, the next to youngest son, Berry Gordy,
Jr., who is the chairman of the board of Motown Industries, one of the major forces within the
world of American popular music, said recently, “I express the opinions of my brothers and
sisters on very few subjects—except Pop.
“What meant most to all of us, I think, was how Pop instilled into us what work meant. He was
such a strong human being, a strong person, he was a living symbol and example for us. He
taught us always to support what was right, what was fair. His philosophy was one of his
favorite sayings: ‘If you’re right, fight!’?”
Added Berry Gordy, Jr., “When people have said or written things to imply that I made Pop, they
couldn’t be more wrong. The truth is that whatever I am, Pop made me.”
Pop had his executive-suite office on Motown’s eighteenth floor, and it soon became known that
if anyone at all had some problems to discuss, there was a willing ear in Pop Gordy. The people
who turned to him ranged from unknown young recording artists to some of the topmost stars in
the business.
In a rare testimonial, four of the greatest stars in the nation—Diana Ross, Stevie Wonder,
Marvin Gaye, and Smokey Robinson—joined in making a recording titled “Pops, We Love You!” which
became a rapid-selling single, although it was done as a birthday tribute for Pop in which the
four stars expressed the sentiments of the many hundreds whose lives Pop had touched.
Then one midnight, Pop’s daughter Anna telephoned her brother Berry, Jr., saying that she was
visiting Pop, who had indigestion. Berry went over, and the three of them talked into the wee
hours, until Pop Gordy fell asleep. The next morning he arose ready for breakfast, but in an
hour he was dead.
As his son Berry, Jr., says, “Pop was a man whom not one of us ever had seen depressed, not for
one moment of his life. We had never known him without his humor, and his wit, so the sadness
usually associated with funerals just didn’t seem right. And so we didn’t have any funeral in
the usual sense. We had a celebration. We just gathered with Pop there, and we talked about
Pop.”
The Gordy family was only acting out what had been one of the favorite sayings of Pop, that he
had told to so many of his friends and admirers. “You can give without loving,” Pop would say,
“but you cannot love without giving.” ~ Alex Haley, 1979.
Candy Cane and 30” Santa ( Sunhills is the Shorter Version, adapted from the Taller Version shown, that more detailed Santa is 50 year old sample from defunct Polaron Plastics), Christmas Light Up Vintage Blow Molded Lawn Decor, distributed by SunHill, Candy Cane re-design Circa 1991-1992 by MiMo, Mike Mozart.
MiMo Mike Mozart created thousands of commercial products, books toys and infomercial items, with many signed Michael Wolfe! An adaptation of his real name Wolfgang Mikyáll Mozart often shortened to Wolf or Wolfie
A long and successful career, with his first children’s book sold at age 15 which continues to this day at age 60!
In the early 1980’s, MiMo, Mike Mozart, Co-hosted with TX Critter ( that developed into ALF), the classic KidsTime Express on UHF Channel 20, WTXX Waterbury CT TV Show. Paul Fusco, the original puppeteer and creator of the show went on to create the character and TV Show ALF!
Illustrated over 100 Childrens books, many licensed Walt Disney, Muppets, Looney Toons, Ninja Turtles, Uncle Scrooge McDuck and More!
Created thousands of Holiday and Seasonal
Products, many featuring the pantheon of Walt Disneys top licensed characters! Known for the exceptional designs of season Nutcrackers and sweeping product lines for major Retailers for Horizon’s East. And Christmas, Easter-and Halloween licensed character products for SunHill Industries. Massive product lines featuring the Mickey Mouse line of Basic Characters, Mickey, Minnie, Goofy, Pluto Donald Duck and Daisy Duck.
Disney’s Ducktales
Disney’s the Little Mermaid
Disney’s Aladdin
Disney’s Beauty and the Beast
Disney’s, Bambi
Disney’s Hunchback of Notre Dame
Disney’s 100 Dalmatians
Disney’s Chip and Dale Rescue Rangers
Also:
The Flintstones
Teletubbies
Looney Tunes
Crayola
Scooby Doo
The M&Ms Character Family
Universal Monsters
Assisted and wrote gags for top Newspaper comic strip cartoonists throughout the 1980’s, including Bob Weber of Moose and Molly fame, Guy Gilchrist artist of the Muppets Comic Strips, Jerry Marcus of the strip Trudy, Dik Brown of Hagar the Horrible and Hi and Lois, Orlando Busino of Gus, and many more!
A continuing Voice over talent for imported Japanese cartoons, TV Commercials and seasonal animated an sound products for Halloween and Christmas!
Appeared live on QVC and HSN for over a decade live presenting products of his invention and design. Created top selling infomercial items in the 1980’s and 1990’s!
Notable lawn and garden products, tools and household products.
Was a Top Twenty All Time Most viewed and Subscribed for the first 7 years of YouTube garnering more than a Half Billion Views! Many on TheToyChannel and Jeepersmedia on YouTube!
More Recently, A known fine artist having been the Ghost Artist Designer and Mentor to Alec Monopoly.
* My Twitch:
twitch.tv/MikeMozartJeepersmedia
* My TikTok:
* www.tiktok.com/@mimomikemozart
* My Discord:
Real Mike Mozart#4030
* My YouTube
youtube.com/Jeepersmedia
youtube.com/TheToyChannel
youtube.com/MikeMozart
* My Instagram
instagram.com/MikeMozart
* My Twitter
twitter.com/jeepersmedia
* My Creative Commons Flickr
Flickr.com/Jeepersmedia
The Black-winged Stilt or Common Stilt (Himantopus himantopus) is a widely distributed very long-legged wader in the avocet and stilt family (Recurvirostridae). Opinions differ as to whether the birds treated under the scientific name H. himantopus ought to be treated as a single species and if not, how many species to recognize. Most sources[citation needed] today accept 2—4 species.
Adults are 33–36 cm long. They have long pink legs, a long thin black bill and are blackish above and white below, with a white head and neck with a varying amount of black. Males have a black back, often with greenish gloss. Females' backs have a brown hue, contrasting with the black remiges. In the populations that have the top of the head normally white at least in winter, females tend to have less black on head and neck all year round, while males often have much black, particularly in summer. This difference is not clear-cut, however, and males usually get all-white heads in winter.
Immature birds are grey instead of black and have a markedly sandy hue on the wings, with light feather fringes appearing as a whitish line in flight.
#OnceUponATime
In spring 2013 I organized #SpaceBembel, a #SpaceSocial where a group of #SpaceTweeps got together again to share some space fun in Frankfurt.
As one of my mottos is "no #SpaceTweetup without a proper badge" I designed one and distributed it to all participants.
What I had started back then became kind of a tradition in the meantime:
Inspired by several #Space- and #ScienceTweetups I painted logos for every event I attended,
got them printed on badges for all, as well as thank-you posters, t-shirts, etc. as memento of our shared adventures.
And 2013 has been quite a ride :-)
#SpaceBembel *
#ASE26 *
#BuraMooN 1 & 2 * #SpaceKoelschX * #CERNTweetup * #ItIsStonehengeReunionOClock * #ScienceTweetup
And 2014 is also amazing already:
I already created designs for #SpaceFestVI and #AlexTweetup taking place in May
and @SpaceUpUK in July 2014.
I am very much looking forward to sharing these events with so many friends from all over the world.
More to come ;-)
www.flickr.com/photos/spaceholix/collections/721576354819...
So #AlexTweetup is about our trip to Baikonur shared by 16 dedicated #SpaceTweeps and two #SpaceMascots named #PinkLittleDragon and @CamillaSpace.
All of us will share this unique adventure of witnessing the Soyuz launch of our German astronaut Alexander Gerst ( #FF @Astro_Alex ) to #ISS on 28. May 2014 via Twitter, Facebook and other social media channels.
Here is the collection of my brainstorming and the design process as well as many pictures of the past 5 years, from the day at #TdLR09, where we "met" Alexander Gerst and the other #shenanigans for the very first (but not the last) time, shortly after their assignments for a trip to #ISS.
Oh yes, there was a time before twitter and other social media ;-)
www.flickr.com/photos/spaceholix/sets/72157644182872632/
My latest design features the #NebraSkydisk - one of the most beautiful and most fascinating archeological and astronomical artefacts ever found - until today.
This is the oldest-known illustration of our cosmos so far, with an estimated age of 3600 years (!!!), the earliest known diagram of the heavens, which makes it one or may be THE most important archaeological discovery of the twenty-first century.
It was discovered by treasure hunters on July 4th 1999 near the city of Nebra in Germany and since then fascinates not only the experts as its history is really exciting from then till now.
www.dailymotion.com/video/x1a45jq_the-nebra-sky-disc-anci...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebra_sky_disk
www.bibliotecapleyades.net/arqueologia/nebra_disk.htm
I fell in love with this beauty as soon as I saw it the very first time several years ago.
And I always wanted to paint it one day!
So what better match could there be than combining this masterpiece -created by stargazers thousands of years ago, who loved observing (and already started understanding) our night sky- with two fantastic #SpaceEvents in May 2014.
#SpaceFestVI in Pasadena ( www.spacefest.info/VI/brochure.html ), THE #SpaceEvent of the year, where many astronauts of the dawning of space exploration did reunite and inspire all of us
and then -end of May- our #AlexTweetup - where we celebrate the launch of @esa astronaut Alexander Gerst, whose mission name is #TheBlueDot (!!!).
Both events bring people together (again), who travel all around the world to share their love of space and our beautiful blue marble …
And I am really honored that sharing my badges and designs with so many #SpaceTweeps AND astronauts of the very first era of space exploration until today made so many people smile again. And these smiles seem to be contagious ;-D
I cannot really explain it, there simply is this very special close link between us.
NOTE:
#NebraSkyDisk is under the copyright of the Landesamt für Denkmalpflege und Archäologie Sachsen-Anhalt
- Landesmuseum für Vorgeschichte -
www.lda-lsa.de/en/nebra_sky_disc/
As my design project is an artistic realization for two private travel groups, I was kindly given official permission to integrate the #NebraSkydisk in my artworks here.
Hence I have to emphasize that my artwork may ONLY be shared as per following license:
CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 DE
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/de/
I herewith explicitly send my thanks to the
STATE OFFICE FOR HERITAGE MANAGEMENT AND ARCHAEOLOGY
- THE STATE MUSEUM OF PREHISTORY IN HALLE / GERMANY -
and - as asked for - I will gladly send pictures of my design as well as badges and photos of #SpaceFestVI in Pasadena and #AlexTweetup in Baikonur to the Museum for its collection / exhibition.
It is my pleasure to share the #NebraSkydisk far beyond the borders of Germany - especially during events, which only can take place, because some people started documenting their night-sky-observations thousands of years ago.
#SpaceholixThenAndNow ;-)
Covered below is an overview of all the details embodied in my #AlexTweetup mission logo
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#AlexTweetup
- Facebook group for all #SpaceTweeps interested in the trip to the launch of Alexander Gerst on 28. May 2014
www.facebook.com/groups/AlexanderTweetup/
Baikonur * May 26th - 30th 2014
- Travel period for #AlexTweetup in Baikonur
www.dlr.de/dlr/presse/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-10308/471...
BLUE DOT
- Mission name of Alexander Gerst
blogs.esa.int/alexander-gerst/
XL
- Mission no. 40 - in roman numerals
THEN + NOW
- Connection between space exploration THEN #NebraSkydisk (dated about 3.600 years ago in Germany) and NOW (#BlueDot mission of German astronaut Alexander Gerst)
WISEMAN * GERST * SURAJEW
- names of the international crew of mission no. 40
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expedition_40
SHAPING THE FUTURE ...
Mission theme of Alexander Gerst's mission #BlueDot
www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Human_Spaceflight/Astronauts/A...
... IN LEO
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low_Earth_orbit
- Abbreviation LEO #LowEarthOrbit - the home of #ISS
CONSTELLATIONS:
LEO
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_(constellation)
- reflecting LowEarthOrbit - the orbit of #ISS
DRACO
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Draco_(constellation)
- representing #DRAGON - the partially reusable spacecraft developed by @SpaceX, which has docked to #ISS already several times and will deliver cargo regularly.
We enjoyed seeing the capsule used during the maiden flight in Florida at SpaceX Launch Control Center during an event before the #NASATweetup for #STS135
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Draco_(rocket_engine)
- also representing #PinkLittleDragon - the travel buddy of #The2AndAHalfSpaceTweeps @LightspeedLeo @4tuneQkie and @travelholic ( avoving @Spaceholix ) and our #SpaceMascot.
This #VIP #VeryInspiringPinkLittleDragon is traveling all around the world with us and he already has attended several great #SpaceTweetup and #ScienceTweetup events organized by @NASA @DLR_de @ESA @CERN @Helmholtz_de as well as #ASE26 #SpaceFestV and #SpaceFestVI
and he has already met many of the most inspiring #SpaceExplorers and #Astronauts from the #Mercury and #Apollo era - till today, as well as #scientists @MeteoriteMen #CometHunters ...
SWAN
- representing the footprint / autograph of our dear friend and great #SpaceMascot and #VIP #VeryIntelligentPoultry:
@CamillaSpace is encouraging not only children of all ages to ask questions about the Sun and space and she was planned to be part of this mission accompanying NASA astronaut @astro_reid on his trip to #ISS.
Her footprint is heading from the Swiss flag (home country of Camilla's "executive secretary" Romeo Durscher ( about.me/romeoch ) to the US flag via #ISS
www.wired.com/2012/11/camilla-nasa-rubber-chicken/
XXVIII
V
MMXIV
- 28. 05. 2014 = launch date of mission 40 in roman numerals stylised in shape of ISS
* “ @ “ AND “ # “
- reflecting the tools of the peer-to-peer connection of astronauts @Astro_Alex and @astro_reid and many others with #SpaceTweeps and future space enthusiasts, who will further spread news about the adventures all around the world via social media channels, e.g. @twitter, Facebook, Google+ and others.
16 FLAGS
www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/structure/elements/par...
- representing all current international partners and participants cooperating on #ISS – the most ambitious international collaboration ever
which -in my eyes- really would be worthy of the nobel peace prize www.spacesafetymagazine.com/iss-nobel-peace-prize/
Between the flags I left additional room for more countries to join that global project in the near future.
Especially in difficult political times like today this cooperation hopefully will enable our world to grow together more closely step by step.
Now we are looking forward to this trip and are curious how everything will work out.
This definitely is a very adventurous trip and if someone had told me 5 years ago, when we met that guy in blue for the very first time that we would be going to KAZAKHSTAN half a decade later to see HIS launch, I would NEVER EVER have believed it.
It seems our lives as #Spaceholix have many surprises in store for us ;-)
If YOU want to know more about all this, just follow the hashtag of our group:
#AlexTweetup
;-)
#OnceUponATime
In spring 2013 I organized #SpaceBembel, a #SpaceSocial where a group of #SpaceTweeps got together again to share some space fun in Frankfurt.
As one of my mottos is "no #SpaceTweetup without a proper badge" I designed one and distributed it to all participants.
What I had started back then became kind of a tradition in the meantime:
Inspired by several #Space- and #ScienceTweetups I painted logos for every event I attended,
got them printed on badges for all, as well as thank-you posters, t-shirts, etc. as memento of our shared adventures.
And 2013 has been quite a ride :-)
#SpaceBembel *
#ASE26 *
#BuraMooN 1 & 2 * #SpaceKoelschX * #CERNTweetup * #ItIsStonehengeReunionOClock * #ScienceTweetup
And 2014 is also amazing already:
I already created designs for #SpaceFestVI and #AlexTweetup taking place in May
and @SpaceUpUK in July 2014.
I am very much looking forward to sharing these events with so many friends from all over the world.
More to come ;-)
www.flickr.com/photos/spaceholix/collections/721576354819...
So #AlexTweetup is about our trip to Baikonur shared by 16 dedicated #SpaceTweeps and two #SpaceMascots named #PinkLittleDragon and @CamillaSpace.
All of us will share this unique adventure of witnessing the Soyuz launch of our German astronaut Alexander Gerst ( #FF @Astro_Alex ) to #ISS on 28. May 2014 via Twitter, Facebook and other social media channels.
Here is the collection of my brainstorming and the design process as well as many pictures of the past 5 years, from the day at #TdLR09, where we "met" Alexander Gerst and the other #shenanigans for the very first (but not the last) time, shortly after their assignments for a trip to #ISS.
Oh yes, there was a time before twitter and other social media ;-)
www.flickr.com/photos/spaceholix/sets/72157644182872632/
My latest design features the #NebraSkydisk - one of the most beautiful and most fascinating archeological and astronomical artefacts ever found - until today.
This is the oldest-known illustration of our cosmos so far, with an estimated age of 3600 years (!!!), the earliest known diagram of the heavens, which makes it one or may be THE most important archaeological discovery of the twenty-first century.
It was discovered by treasure hunters on July 4th 1999 near the city of Nebra in Germany and since then fascinates not only the experts as its history is really exciting from then till now.
www.dailymotion.com/video/x1a45jq_the-nebra-sky-disc-anci...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebra_sky_disk
www.bibliotecapleyades.net/arqueologia/nebra_disk.htm
I fell in love with this beauty as soon as I saw it the very first time several years ago.
And I always wanted to paint it one day!
So what better match could there be than combining this masterpiece -created by stargazers thousands of years ago, who loved observing (and already started understanding) our night sky- with two fantastic #SpaceEvents in May 2014.
#SpaceFestVI in Pasadena ( www.spacefest.info/VI/brochure.html ), THE #SpaceEvent of the year, where many astronauts of the dawning of space exploration did reunite and inspire all of us
and then -end of May- our #AlexTweetup - where we celebrate the launch of @esa astronaut Alexander Gerst, whose mission name is #TheBlueDot (!!!).
Both events bring people together (again), who travel all around the world to share their love of space and our beautiful blue marble …
And I am really honored that sharing my badges and designs with so many #SpaceTweeps AND astronauts of the very first era of space exploration until today made so many people smile again. And these smiles seem to be contagious ;-D
I cannot really explain it, there simply is this very special close link between us.
NOTE:
#NebraSkyDisk is under the copyright of the Landesamt für Denkmalpflege und Archäologie Sachsen-Anhalt
- Landesmuseum für Vorgeschichte -
www.lda-lsa.de/en/nebra_sky_disc/
As my design project is an artistic realization for two private travel groups, I was kindly given official permission to integrate the #NebraSkydisk in my artworks here.
Hence I have to emphasize that my artwork may ONLY be shared as per following license:
CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 DE
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/de/
I herewith explicitly send my thanks to the
STATE OFFICE FOR HERITAGE MANAGEMENT AND ARCHAEOLOGY
- THE STATE MUSEUM OF PREHISTORY IN HALLE / GERMANY -
and - as asked for - I will gladly send pictures of my design as well as badges and photos of #SpaceFestVI in Pasadena and #AlexTweetup in Baikonur to the Museum for its collection / exhibition.
It is my pleasure to share the #NebraSkydisk far beyond the borders of Germany - especially during events, which only can take place, because some people started documenting their night-sky-observations thousands of years ago.
#SpaceholixThenAndNow ;-)
Covered below is an overview of all the details embodied in my #AlexTweetup mission logo
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#AlexTweetup
- Facebook group for all #SpaceTweeps interested in the trip to the launch of Alexander Gerst on 28. May 2014
www.facebook.com/groups/AlexanderTweetup/
Baikonur * May 26th - 30th 2014
- Travel period for #AlexTweetup in Baikonur
www.dlr.de/dlr/presse/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-10308/471...
BLUE DOT
- Mission name of Alexander Gerst
blogs.esa.int/alexander-gerst/
XL
- Mission no. 40 - in roman numerals
THEN + NOW
- Connection between space exploration THEN #NebraSkydisk (dated about 3.600 years ago in Germany) and NOW (#BlueDot mission of German astronaut Alexander Gerst)
WISEMAN * GERST * SURAJEW
- names of the international crew of mission no. 40
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expedition_40
SHAPING THE FUTURE ...
Mission theme of Alexander Gerst's mission #BlueDot
www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Human_Spaceflight/Astronauts/A...
... IN LEO
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low_Earth_orbit
- Abbreviation LEO #LowEarthOrbit - the home of #ISS
CONSTELLATIONS:
LEO
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_(constellation)
- reflecting LowEarthOrbit - the orbit of #ISS
DRACO
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Draco_(constellation)
- representing #DRAGON - the partially reusable spacecraft developed by @SpaceX, which has docked to #ISS already several times and will deliver cargo regularly.
We enjoyed seeing the capsule used during the maiden flight in Florida at SpaceX Launch Control Center during an event before the #NASATweetup for #STS135
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Draco_(rocket_engine)
- also representing #PinkLittleDragon - the travel buddy of #The2AndAHalfSpaceTweeps @LightspeedLeo @4tuneQkie and @travelholic ( avoving @Spaceholix ) and our #SpaceMascot.
This #VIP #VeryInspiringPinkLittleDragon is traveling all around the world with us and he already has attended several great #SpaceTweetup and #ScienceTweetup events organized by @NASA @DLR_de @ESA @CERN @Helmholtz_de as well as #ASE26 #SpaceFestV and #SpaceFestVI
and he has already met many of the most inspiring #SpaceExplorers and #Astronauts from the #Mercury and #Apollo era - till today, as well as #scientists @MeteoriteMen #CometHunters ...
SWAN
- representing the footprint / autograph of our dear friend and great #SpaceMascot and #VIP #VeryIntelligentPoultry:
@CamillaSpace is encouraging not only children of all ages to ask questions about the Sun and space and she was planned to be part of this mission accompanying NASA astronaut @astro_reid on his trip to #ISS.
Her footprint is heading from the Swiss flag (home country of Camilla's "executive secretary" Romeo Durscher ( about.me/romeoch ) to the US flag via #ISS
www.wired.com/2012/11/camilla-nasa-rubber-chicken/
XXVIII
V
MMXIV
- 28. 05. 2014 = launch date of mission 40 in roman numerals stylised in shape of ISS
* “ @ “ AND “ # “
- reflecting the tools of the peer-to-peer connection of astronauts @Astro_Alex and @astro_reid and many others with #SpaceTweeps and future space enthusiasts, who will further spread news about the adventures all around the world via social media channels, e.g. @twitter, Facebook, Google+ and others.
16 FLAGS
www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/structure/elements/par...
- representing all current international partners and participants cooperating on #ISS – the most ambitious international collaboration ever
which -in my eyes- really would be worthy of the nobel peace prize www.spacesafetymagazine.com/iss-nobel-peace-prize/
Between the flags I left additional room for more countries to join that global project in the near future.
Especially in difficult political times like today this cooperation hopefully will enable our world to grow together more closely step by step.
Now we are looking forward to this trip and are curious how everything will work out.
This definitely is a very adventurous trip and if someone had told me 5 years ago, when we met that guy in blue for the very first time that we would be going to KAZAKHSTAN half a decade later to see HIS launch, I would NEVER EVER have believed it.
It seems our lives as #Spaceholix have many surprises in store for us ;-)
If YOU want to know more about all this, just follow the hashtag of our group:
#AlexTweetup
;-)
Distributed in the USA by Whizzer, a motorized bicycle maker. Nice ad but this would become the last year these were made.
Gutbrod made a slightly smaller version of this car from 1950-54, then went bankrupt. Maico made it a little bigger and ended in 1958.
Designer: Zhao Yu (赵域)
ca. 1948
Distributing land
Fadizhao (发地照)
Call nr.: D25/190 (Landsberger collection)
More? see: chineseposters.net/themes/land-reform
Title: Boston embankment distributing tarvia on roadway
Creator: City of Boston
Date: 1909 October 18
Source: Public Works Department photograph collection, 5000.009
File name: 5000_009_1288
Rights: Public domain
Citation: Public Works Department photograph collection, Collection 5000.009, City of Boston Archives, Boston
Mexican men and women hand out card booklets and trading cards with pictures of whores on them. There are so many of them. They slap the cards together then basically slap you in the chest with them as you walk by.