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For your health click:
The gorilla is herbivorous and has only one stomach.
Among herbivorous mammals, these two extremes are good examples of giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca), which digest and consume less than 10% of the cellulose and hemicellulose of bamboo (122) and gorillas can digest 45% to 70% of the cell walls of substances in your herbivorous diet Although gorillas are genetically similar to humans, their digestive systems are completely different, more similar to those of horses. Like horses, gorillas are "large intestine digesters", primarily processing food in their long large intestine rather than in the stomach.
The main organs (in order of function) that make up the digestive system are the oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus. The pancreas, gallbladder, and liver helped them along the way. This is how these organs work together in your digestive system.
Humans and great apes (bonobos, chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans) share a common intestinal anatomy, including a simple stomach, small intestine, small caecum ending in the appendix, and posterior intestine consisting of the large intestine, rectum, and anal canal.
For more info in video:
rumble.com/vg3ril-mountain-gorilla-is-hurrying-for-bamboo...
rumble.com/vfylh3-happy-gorillas-family-in-social-affairs...
rumble.com/vfxnxb-mountain-silver-back-gorilla-moves.html
rumble.com/vfxniv-rwanda-mountain-gorillas-male-fighting-...
For your health fat burning:
While I saw paan sold every day in India I did not see what went into producing it. Today that changed.
Paan is made by taking a betel creeper leaf, adding some ingredients and then folding it up into a triangle for chewing/consumption. The ingredients can be a wide range of things: betel nut, lime paste, almond powder, grated coconut, pistachio powder, sometimes a very sweet cherry jam or chutney ... and much more. The combination of ingredients makes for a very tasty and refreshing after dinner treat The plant enzymes, lime paste, and mild stimulant from the betel nut act as a digestion enhancer and breadth freshener.
Paan is made according to the purchaser's personal preferences.
from a sheet of a marvelous paper from christophe Michel, created in august 2017 for a challenge on the french forum
The lymphatic system is part of the immune system where cleansing of blood, and the detoxification of our bodies takes place. A huge network of lymphatic vessels recycles blood plasma by removing fluid from the tissues, filtering it, and carrying it back into the bloodstream.
These are 10 foods to add into your diet to boost the lymphatic system:
* Water
May not be a food item, but essential to life. Drink plenty of clean, purified water. Water keeps the lymph fluid hydrated and flowing smoothly.
* Cranberry
Cranberry is an amazing emulsifier of fat which means it helps break down excess fat for the lymphatic vessels to carry away.
* Leafy greens
That green nutrient has powerful cleansing properties and beneficial effects on the blood and thus on lymph fluid as well.
* Nuts and seeds
The essential healthy fats found in seeds like chia, nuts, olive oil, coconut oil, and avocado, play a role in fighting inflammation. They also strengthen our inner organs walls.
* Adaptogenic herbs
Goldenseal, Echinacea, and Astragalus are three herbsthat help alleviate inflammation and congestion of the lymph nodes and vessels.
* Garlic
Garlic boosts immune function and combats harmful microbes. It improves circulation and aids in the cleansing of toxins. It boosts the function of your lymphatic system and contains antibacterial qualities.
* Ginger / Turmeric
Both have beneficial effects on digestion and circulation; two systems that are tied directly to the processes of the lymphatic system. Also they help reduce inflammation, thin blood and improve circulation.
* Seaweed
Sea vegetables help the body detox and eliminate excess fluid that can build up in tissues and slow the lymphatic system down.
* Citrus
Citrus fruits aid hydration, carry powerful antioxidants and enzymes, and help cleanse and protect the lymphatic system.
Very cool, very loud.
1600 HP, 20 cylinder, methane-powered Caterpillar engines generate electricity burning methane created by anaerobic digestion of organic wastes in the landfill.
Gas is extracted from ~150' below the mounds and piped almost directly to these engines. Gas is dried by condensing out as much water as possible. Gas contains about 50% methane the rest mostly CO2. Some sulfur and nitrogen compounds are present and drying must be done to minimize formation of acids (esp. H2SO4) during the combustion process. Slightly higher levels of NO are put out because nitrogen compounds are not removed. Forgot to ask whether they had catalytic converters on these engines.
I forgot the actual generation capabilities that the engineer cited, but Modern Landfill apparently could completely power their operations without using any electricity from the grid (I.E. National Grid's power), and in fact could put more back in.
However a law - obviously created to decrease competition - would force them to pay heavy charges if they disconnected completely from the grid. The charge is for the power lines that they WOULD NOT be using, but were installed none-the-less! And people wonder why NYS scares away business. Can we say "bass ackward"
The waste heat from these engines is pumped over to the greenhouses to grow the tomatoes.
Beneficios De La Hierbabuena , La Hierbabuena ,Hierbabuena Propiedades . El día de hoy te traigo 5 beneficios de la hierbabuena 1. Una gran digestiva Se trata sin duda alguna de una de las cualidades más populares y conocidas de la hierbabuena. Es una planta con interesantes beneficios y cualidades digestivas. De ahí que su consumo sea ideal cuando nos cuesta hacer la digestión (por ejemplo, ante una digestión pesada), gracias a que es capaz de estimular tanto las secreciones biliares como las estomacales. También es útil cuando tenemos cólicos y gases (flatulencias), que en muchas ocasiones resultan tan molestos y dolorosos, gracias a sus propiedades antiespasmódicas y carminativas. 2. Propiedades relajantes Como ocurre con otras plantas con propiedades digestivas (como es el caso de la manzanilla o del anís verde), lo cierto es que la hierbabuena también resulta útil cuando estamos nerviosos, y nos sentimos ansiosos o estresados, gracias a sus cualidades relajantes. Además, no hay duda que tomar la infusión de hierbabuena caliente, mientras descansamos un poco y leemos o escuchamos música, nos ayudará de forma positiva a recuperar la calma de manera completamente natural. 3. Útil para aliviar el dolor de cabeza Si sufres habitualmente de dolores de cabeza o de migrañas, es posible que te hagas amigo de la hierbabuena. Y es que al tratarse de una planta con propiedades antiinflamatorias y analgésicas, ayuda a aliviar las molestias y el dolor. Además de tomar su infusión, por su acción calmante y relajante, puedes adquirir en herbolarios un botito de aceite esencial de hierbabuena, y aplicártelo sobre la sien a la vez que te haces un masaje relajante. 4. Cualidades antisépticas Gracias a su contenido en aceites esenciales y en polifenoles, la hierbabuena aporta propiedades antisépticas, virtud que se une de forma muy positiva con su acción antivírica y antifúngica. Por ello resulta útil cuando existe algún problema dental o bucal, e incluso en caso de dolor de garganta, para la realización de gargarismos. Por otro lado, también ayuda en caso de alergias de la piel, y salpullidos. 5. Alivia afecciones respiratorias ¿Sabías que la hierbabuena, al igual que el eucalipto, actúa como un maravilloso expectorante? Por ello su consumo regular es también adecuado en caso de gripes y de resfriados, a pesar de tratarse de una cualidad no tan conocida, en comparación con sus beneficios digestivos. Sea como fuere, gracias a esta cualidad también es útil en caso de asma, ayudando a la hora de aliviar sus síntomas. ------------------------------------------------------------ Suscribete a nuestro canal www.youtube.com/c/SaludNaturalsaludmasnatural ------------------------------------------------------------ Visita nuestro blog: bit.ly/29MYs98 ------------------------------------------------------------ Ahora nos puedes seguir en facebook bit.ly/29Ggpm6 ----------------------------------------------------------- Siguenos en Instagram como bit.ly/2bBJaTw ---------------------------------------------------------- www.youtube.com/watch?v=i_tN5F29uBM Beneficios De La Hierbabuena , La Hierbabuena ,Hierbabuena Propiedades
How to Tell If You Have Hemorrhoids How to tell if you have hemorrhoids is essential for anybody to figure out. Hemorrhoids are really painful and annoying health condition that will greatly affect your daily activity. Hemorrhoids which are often known as piles can be defined as inflamed or
Good food, good sex, good digestion, good sleep: to these basic animal pleasures, man has added nothing but the good cigarette. ~Mignon McLaughlin, The Second Neurotic’s Notebook, 1966
MODEL: MONICA BENINI
MAKE UP: SERGIO CABRERA
Pied-billed Grebe. Pied-billed Grebes feed mainly on aquatic invertebrates, and also on small fish and amphibians (frogs, tadpoles). Pied-billed Grebes have been shown to eat their own feathers to aid in digestion (prevent injury from small bones) IMG_6151
Very cool, very loud.
1600 HP, 20 cylinder, methane-powered Caterpillar engines generate electricity burning methane created by anaerobic digestion of organic wastes in the landfill.
Gas is extracted from ~150' below the mounds and piped almost directly to these engines. Gas is dried by condensing out as much water as possible. Gas contains about 50% methane the rest mostly CO2. Some sulfur and nitrogen compounds are present and drying must be done to minimize formation of acids (esp. H2SO4) during the combustion process. Slightly higher levels of NO are put out because nitrogen compounds are not removed. Forgot to ask whether they had catalytic converters on these engines.
I forgot the actual generation capabilities that the engineer cited, but Modern Landfill apparently could completely power their operations without using any electricity from the grid (I.E. National Grid's power), and in fact could put more back in.
However a law - obviously created to decrease competition - would force them to pay heavy charges if they disconnected completely from the grid. The charge is for the power lines that they WOULD NOT be using, but were installed none-the-less! And people wonder why NYS scares away business. Can we say "bass ackward"
The waste heat from these engines is pumped over to the greenhouses to grow the tomatoes.
Phalacrocorax a . aristotelis
cette posture ne sert pas à sécher son plumage
mais à exposer son bol alimentaire au soleil et ainsi favoriser sa digestion
Very cool, very loud.
1600 HP, 20 cylinder, methane-powered Caterpillar engines generate electricity burning methane created by anaerobic digestion of organic wastes in the landfill.
Gas is extracted from ~150' below the mounds and piped almost directly to these engines. Gas is dried by condensing out as much water as possible. Gas contains about 50% methane the rest mostly CO2. Some sulfur and nitrogen compounds are present and drying must be done to minimize formation of acids (esp. H2SO4) during the combustion process. Slightly higher levels of NO are put out because nitrogen compounds are not removed. Forgot to ask whether they had catalytic converters on these engines.
I forgot the actual generation capabilities that the engineer cited, but Modern Landfill apparently could completely power their operations without using any electricity from the grid (I.E. National Grid's power), and in fact could put more back in.
However a law - obviously created to decrease competition - would force them to pay heavy charges if they disconnected completely from the grid. The charge is for the power lines that they WOULD NOT be using, but were installed none-the-less! And people wonder why NYS scares away business. Can we say "bass ackward"
The waste heat from these engines is pumped over to the greenhouses to grow the tomatoes.
Even digestion towers have their beautiful sides...
Taken at the wastewater treatment plant close to the Allianz Arena, Munich.
Atlas d'anatomie descriptive du corps humain.
Bonamy, Broca, "Beau (dessinateur) "
Troisième partie , appareil de la digestion, appareil surrénal, rein.
(Paris G. Masson éditeur)
Zehn jeweils 8.000 Kubikmeter fassende, 30 Meter hohe Faultürme sind ein weithin sichtbarer Blickfang im Hamburger Hafen. Ihre ehemals sichtbare Betonverschalung ist heute mit silberfarbenem Metall verkleidet. Sieben der Türme sind in verschiedenen Farben beleuchtbar, zusätzlich können auf die vier Fronttürme verschiedene Motive projiziert werden.
Unter ständiger Umwälzung bei einer konstanten Temperatur von rund 35 Grad Celsius fault hier der Klärschlamm aus. Unter Luftabschluss, also anaeroben Bedingungen, zersetzen Bakterien etwa 50 % der organischen Substanz zu Methan, Kohlendioxid und Wasser. Aus organischen Stickstoffverbindungen entstehen wasserlösliche Ammoniumverbindungen.
Pro Tag werden im Mittel 84.000 Kubikmeter Faulgas erzeugt, die in der Klärschlamm-Verbrennungsanlage VERA zur Stromerzeugung genutzt werden.
de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamburger_Stadtentw%c3%a4sserung
Some more information
I can't stop making these. They are too hysterical.
I am just beginning to poke my way through my pictures from our Labor Day weekend trip to New Orleans, and have decided that the first ones I'm going to tackle are the series of photographs I took at the extraordinary and wonderful New Orleans Pharmacy Museum (their website is currently in progress, but here's a little description of it).
Going there was hands down my favorite part of the trip, which is saying something -- we had such a lovely time.
Atlas d'anatomie descriptive du corps humain.
Bonamy, Broca, "Beau (dessinateur) "
Troisième partie , appareil de la digestion, appareil surrénal, rein.
(Paris G. Masson éditeur)
Rosebay Willowherb - Chamerion angustifolium
A rarity in the UK, until 1860, when it began to spread rapidly, its hairy and very tiny seeds able to be carried great distances by wind. Found typically in cleared woodland, on wasteland and along railway tracks, but will grow pretty much anywhere. The only ground it dislikes are waterlogged areas.
Often known as 'fireweed', its seeds germinate well on areas exposed to high temperatures, such as scrub cleared by fire. After the London Blitz, rosebay willowherb sprung up in bomb sites (giving it the local name 'bombweed'), providing a welcome shot of colour in the rubble. It remains across the capital, earning itself by dint of its toughness and glorious pink summer blooms, the title of county flower of London in 2002.
Willow herb leaves were dried and drunk as a substitute or adulterant for tea. It is still drunk as tea in Russia to help digestion, where it's known as 'kapoorie tea'. It's popular with native American Indians, who eat the young shoots (rich in vitamin C and pro-vitamin A) as salad leaves.
Medicinally, rosebay willowherb is an astringent, used to treat sore throats and ulcers. Its also an antispasmodic, and has been used to treat whooping cough, hiccough and asthma.. Its roots and leaves, chopped and stewed as tea are said to cure stomach upsets, gastroenteritis and diarrhoea in children.
***
We've been all the way to the moon and back,
but we have trouble crossing the street
to meet the new neighbour.
We build more computers
to hold more information,
to produce more copies than ever,
but we have less communication.
We have become long on quantity
but short on quality.
These are times of fast foods,
but slow digestion;
tall man, but short character;
steep profits, but shallow relationships.
It is time when there is much in the window
but nothing in the room.
Dalai Lama
***
CROSSING is the topic for Monday 17th December 2012
58 of 72
Photographed in Kenya from a safari vehicle
=>Please click twice on the image to view at the largest size<=
I've known about the power of a Spotted Hyena's jaw for some time....but this is the first opportunity I've had to see and photograph the exact reason and results of that bone-crushing as it worked on the picked-clean ribs of this kill. Once the bones are broken down into smaller fragments, they make their way into the hyenas’ stomachs. The stomach of a hyena is equipped with incredibly strong acids that aid in the digestion process and have the ability to dissolve bone matter, allowing the hyenas to extract the essential nutrients.
Thank you for your visit and comments!
======================
From Wikipedia: The spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta), also known as the laughing hyena, is a hyena species, currently classed as the sole extant member of the genus Crocuta, native to sub-Saharan Africa. It is listed as being of least concern by the IUCN on account of its widespread range and large numbers estimated between 27,000 and 47,000 individuals. The species is, however, experiencing declines outside of protected areas due to habitat loss and poaching. The species may have originated in Asia, and once ranged throughout Europe for at least one million years until the end of the Late Pleistocene. The spotted hyena is the largest known member of the Hyaenidae, and is further physically distinguished from other species by its vaguely bear-like build, its rounded ears, its less prominent mane, its spotted pelt, its more dual-purposed dentition, its fewer nipples and the presence of a pseudo-penis in the female. It is the only placental mammalian species where females lack an external vaginal opening, having a pseudo-penis instead.
The skull of the spotted hyena differs from that of the striped hyena by its much greater size and narrower sagittal crest. For its size, the spotted hyena has one of the most powerfully built skulls among the Carnivora. The dentition is more dual purposed than that of other modern hyena species, which are mostly scavengers; the upper and lower third premolars are conical bone-crushers, with a third bone-holding cone jutting from the lower fourth premolar. The spotted hyena also has its carnassials situated behind its bone-crushing premolars, the position of which allows it to crush bone with its premolars without blunting the carnassials. Combined with large jaw muscles and a special vaulting to protect the skull against large forces, these characteristics give the spotted hyena a powerful bite which can exert a pressure of 80 kgf/cm2 (1140 lbf/in²), which is 40% more force than a leopard can generate. The jaws of the spotted hyena outmatch those of the brown bear in bone-crushing ability, and free ranging hyenas have been observed to crack open the long bones of giraffes measuring 7 cm in diameter.
The spotted hyena is the most social of the Carnivora in that it has the largest group sizes and most complex social behaviours. Its social organisation is unlike that of any other carnivore, bearing closer resemblance to that of cercopithecine primates (baboons and macaques) with respect to group size, hierarchical structure, and frequency of social interaction among both kin and unrelated group-mates. However, the social system of the spotted hyena is openly competitive rather than cooperative, with access to kills, mating opportunities and the time of dispersal for males depending on the ability to dominate other clan-members. Females provide only for their own cubs rather than assist each other, and males display no paternal care. Spotted hyena society is matriarchal; females are larger than males, and dominate them.
The spotted hyena is a highly successful animal, being the most common large carnivore in Africa. Its success is due in part to its adaptability and opportunism; it is primarily a hunter but may also scavenge, with the capacity to eat and digest skin, bone and other animal waste. In functional terms, the spotted hyena makes the most efficient use of animal matter of all African carnivores. The spotted hyena displays greater plasticity in its hunting and foraging behaviour than other African carnivores; it hunts alone, in small parties of 2–5 individuals or in large groups. During a hunt, spotted hyenas often run through ungulate herds in order to select an individual to attack. Once selected, their prey is chased over a long distance, often several kilometres, at speeds of up to 60 km/h.
The spotted hyena has a long history of interaction with humanity; depictions of the species exist from the Upper Paleolithic period, with carvings and paintings from the Lascaux and Chauvet Caves. The species has a largely negative reputation in both Western culture and African folklore. In the former, the species is mostly regarded as ugly and cowardly, while in the latter, it is viewed as greedy, gluttonous, stupid, and foolish, yet powerful and potentially dangerous. The majority of Western perceptions on the species can be found in the writings of Aristotle and Pliny the Elder, though in relatively unjudgmental form. Explicit, negative judgments occur in the Physiologus, where the animal is depicted as a hermaphrodite and grave-robber. The IUCN's hyena specialist group identifies the spotted hyena's negative reputation as detrimental to the species' continued survival, both in captivity and the wild.
AfrKw-_MG_0983fFlkrD
TCM "holds that the body's vital energy (chi or qi) circulates through channels, called meridians, that have branches connected to bodily organs and functions." Its view of the human body is only marginally concerned with anatomical structures, but focuses primarily on the body's functions(such as digestion, breathing, temperature maintenance, etc.):"The tendency of Chinese thought is to seek out dynamic functional activity rather than to look for the fixed somatic structures that perform the activities. Because of this, the Chinese have no system of anatomy comparable to that of the West."— Ted Kaptchuk, The Web That Has No WeaverThese functions are aggregated and then associated with a primary functional entity – for instance, nourishment of the tissues and maintenance of their moisture are seen as connected functions, and the entity postulated to be responsible for these functions is xuě (blood).These functional entities thus constitute concepts rather than something with biochemical or anatomical properties.The primary functional entities used by traditional Chinese medicine are qì, xuě, the five zàng organs, the six fǔ organs, and the meridians which extend through the organ systems.?These are all theoretically interconnected: each zàng organ is paired with a fǔ organ, which are nourished by the blood and concentrate qi for a particular function, with meridians being extensions of those functional systems throughout the body.
Concepts of the body and of disease used in TCM have notions of a pre-scientific culture, similar to European humoral theory.– TCM is characterized as full of pseudoscience. Some practitioners no longer consider yin and yang and the idea of an energy flow to apply.Scientific investigation has not found any histological or physiological evidence for traditional Chinese concepts such as qi, meridians, and acupuncture points.[a] It is a generally held belief within the acupuncture community that acupuncture points and meridians structures are special conduits for electrical signals but no research has established any consistent anatomical structure or function for either acupuncture points or meridians.The scientific evidence for the anatomical existence of either meridians or acupuncture points is not compelling.Stephen Barrett of Quackwatch writes that, "TCM theory and practice are not based upon the body of knowledge related to health, disease, and health care that has been widely accepted by the scientific community. TCM practitioners disagree among themselves about how to diagnose patients and which treatments should go with which diagnoses. Even if they could agree, the TCM theories are so nebulous that no amount of scientific study will enable TCM to offer rational care."TCM has been the subject of controversy within China.In 2006, the Chinese scholar Zhang Gongyao triggered a national debate when he published an article entitled "Farewell to Traditional Chinese Medicine," arguing that TCM was a pseudoscience that should be abolished in public healthcare and academia.The Chinese government however, interested in the opportunity of export revenues, took the stance that TCM is a science and continued to encourage its development.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_medicine#Qi
In Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism, a chakra (Sanskrit: Cakra, Pali : Cakka, Tamil: chakra ) is thought to be an energy point or node in the subtle body. Chakras are believed to be part of the subtle body, not the physical body, and as such, are the meeting points of the subtle (non-physical) energy channels called nadi. Nadi are believed to be channels in the subtle body through which the life force (prana) (non-physical) or vital energy (non-physical) moves. Various scriptural texts and teachings present a different number of chakras. It's believed that there are many chakras in the subtle human body, according to the tantric texts, but there are seven chakras that are considered to be the most important ones.
In the yoga theory, nadis are said to carry life force energies known as prana. In the physical body, the nadis are channels carrying air, water, nutrients, blood and other bodily fluids around and are similar to the arteries, veins, capillaries, bronchioles, nerves, lymph canals and so on.In yoga theory, the physical body is often referred to as "the gross body" (Sanskrit Sthula sarira).
In the subtle and the causal body, the nadis are channels for so called cosmic, vital, seminal, mental, intellectual, etc. energies (collectively described as prana) and are important for sensations, consciousness and the spiritual aura.Yoga texts disagree on the number of nadis in the human body. Hatha Yoga Pradipika and Goraksha Samhita quote 72,000 nadis, each branching off into another 72,000 nadis, whereas Shiva Samhita states 350,000 nadis arise from the navel center.
All nadis are said to originate from one of two centres; the heart and the kanda[disambiguation needed], the last being an egg-shaped bulb in the pelvic area, just below the navel.When awakened, kundalini travels upward within Sushumna.The Ida and Pingala nadis are often seen as referring to the two hemispheres of the brain. Pingala is the extroverted (Active), solar nadi, and corresponds to the right hand side of the body and the left hand side of the brain. Ida is the introverted, lunar nadi, and corresponds to the left hand side of the body and the right hand side of the brain (there is a contralateralization). These nadis are also said to have an extrasensory function, playing a part in empathic and instinctive responses. The two nadis are believed to be stimulated through different Pranayama practices, including nadi shodhana, which involves alternately breathing through the left and right nostrils, which would theoretically stimulate the left and right sides of the brain respectively. The word nadi comes from the Sanskrit root nad meaning "channel", "stream", or "flow". Special breathing techniques are supposed to influence the flow of prana within these nadis. According to this interpretation, these techniques will purify and develop these two energetic currents and may lead to the awakening of kundalini.
Discover the Ways on How to Get Rid of Stomach Cramps Stomach cramps can cause discomfort, and that is why many seek ways to relieve the pain. The condition can sometimes be due to gas buildup, excess stomach acid, and even hunger. In order to know if you have too much gas, try to massage your
Luego se fue y logré escuchar esto .
Moscas
La mosca es un insecto tan típico del verano que pasa inadvertido, pero es uno de los más peligrosos transmisores de enfermedades como cólera, tifus, tracoma, tuberculosis y la disentería que cuesta tantas vidas infantiles cada verano. La mosca pasa del estado de huevo al de adulto en menos de diez días y puede reproducirse inmediatamente. Pondrá un centenar de huevos cada diez días multiplicándose astronómicamente si no se la combate. El cuerpo de la mosca está cubierto de una compacta maraña de finos pelos en la que pueden encontrarse hasta cinco millones de bacterias. La mosca se posa con la misma avidez sobre un montón de desperdicios como sobre los alimentos humanos. La boca de la mosca carece de aparato masticador, de ahí que la mosca deba ablandar el alimento para poder extraerle el jugo alimenticio. Con este fin vomita sobre los alimentos una gota de líquido producto de su última digestión. Tales gotas del jugo digestivo se mezclan con su excremento y dan origen a esas manchas negruzcas que aparecen sobre los alimentos donde se han posado.
"Quando essa relação do processo digestivo não se faz adequadamente, parte do alimento não é completamente digerido e esses restos de alimentos não digeridos vão passar ao intestino, no caso da digestão geral, e por si mesmos ou pela ação dos
microorganismos existentes no intestino, vão se transformar em substâncias altamente agressivas ao organismo."
[Coluna Ayurveda, por Dr. José Ruguê - Prana Yoga Journal #17]
By the Author of...
'The Absurdity of Pigeon Feed'
Fifth Instalment of silliness.
The fifth installment of Indica Mc Lemmon and Tio Tonto in Fidel's Evil Plan.
They trudged onward, Che suspended on a stretcher gasping for air, abusing one of the last of his inhaler's and trying to regain a semblance of normal breathing amid the dust laden air.
The sand canyons had been a big shit, the sadness and terror had left them drained. Struggling against the rhythmic rocking of the stretcher he fumbled though the yellowing torn pages that his men had found in the around the ravaged skeleton, may be they would shed some light on the tragedy that had befallen them. Now the situation was all in all desperate, nothing in the boy scouts manual or all the survival courses he'd suffered had prepared him for this. Yes, they were suffering, suffering terribly, finally Che was in his element, doing what he was made for, doing what he did best.
A caravan of camels approached in their direction but halted to survey them from a high dune ridge. Drovers pointed fiercely at them and began yelling hysterically. Some goaded their stead’s to turn about whilst others scuffled around unable to control their groaning complaints. Chattering in high unintelligible voices it seemed as if something had provoked an argument, it rippled though them, inevitably giving way to angry shouted curses.
Canes swished though the air landing on faces and flanks of the distraught camels. In response many screamed with anguish and spat their filthy spray around. A collective consensus of camel hysteria finally unleashed a riot of pissing and shitting before they stampeded over the horizon despite Che's suffering desperadoes frantic imploring.
Stoically Che took one of the grimy pages and read....
First the Jeep, no exhaust... insufferable pollution, honestly, really insufferable.
One week flopping about on cantankerous foul camel.....noxious unending farting.....what an unforgivable atrocious antisocial disposition for any living creature.....My foulest experience ever.
Sociologically, it goes to say a lot about the unmannerly distrustful disposition of the Arab owners and their short tempers. No surprise, I’m the first to study these animals and there contrary evolution.
“some kind of capitalist scientist out of touch with the proletariat, but he's right about camels and the Arabs” Che picked another paper this one in fading type.
New research published, Cambridge professors.
Frankly, no surprise to me. Rather amusing.....data refers to area in which I shall be encumbered investigating camels.
Research on Sauropods, Diplodocus, (the largest of the dinosaurs), trundled around grazing here, Mesozoic period 150 to 65.5 million years ago.
Extensive studies correlate size, calculate density of population, digestion diet..... Excitingly explosive conclusions.
Size, 20-45 tonnes...Big?..even in comparison to my wife!
Digestion tracts on industrial level....with out a doubt similar to wife?
Fact: vegetation of period contained vast quantities of cannaboids. Exasperated appetite....infinite in the case of wife, without the cannabis! Digestion system proposed to support body mass:
Microbial fermenting type stomachs to aid the digestion. Undoubtedly the same as camels and wife.
Result...evolution under the influence of a cocktail of alcohol+dope?? ha ha.
Methane: produced on scale unsurpassed in the history of planet... Obviously have no study data on my wife!
Conclusion:
Extinction: not the result of meteorite impact.
Extinction cause, ignition of methane by lightning... resulting in Yucatan creator...global dimming.
Wonder if same can be achieved with wife?
Che wondered the same as he took another hit on his inhaler and fumbled for another crumpled sheet of paper.
An Australian company dealing in carbon emissions, propose the culling of 1.2 million non indigenous feral camels to reduce methane emissions.
Australia's answer to Kyoto treaty!! Ha Ha.
The feral camels are responsible for equivalent 1.5 million metric tonnes of carbon emissions annually.
The local population sharing the camel saturated terrain's known as “Rotten Thousand Egg Basin” applaud the programs proposals, code named, “operation omelette”.
Local population lobby courts of human rights.
May be I can lobby them on the same grounds regarding my beloved wife!!!
Largest contributory factor in ozone depletion.
Immense ozone layer hole over the south pole grows directly proportional to the camel population.
I suspect the presence of an ozone hole directly over my beloved!
Che threw the remnants of one of Cubans finest away and took a puff on his inhaler. The rest of the papers were illegible.
The camels didn't like it!!, that much was obvious, but they didn't like the stinking filthy goat tanning factory either where they spent most of their time stabled. It's terrible smell combined with their own considerable ceaseless potent farting made the area unbearable to passers by ten miles up wind.
The camels endured each day endlessly sucking in and spitting out the stables stench of toxic debilitating gases, but they never truly got used to it, constantly yearning for the vast open desert and its pure uncontaminated air.
That smell of the stables now held little in comparison to the smell they had to contended with, the vast sand dunes themselves seemed to be closing their ranks, cringing, the sand rippling in response. The smell was hundreds of times more potent, in fact simply indescribable.
It was told by an aged sun shrunken traveller who pass though thet desert, that the only smell worse than a dead goat tanning factory is that of a wailing whaling ship. He couldn't imagine that, Ali had never seen one, let alone smelt a dead whale or heard a fisherman wailing in distress from the smell of dead whales. It probably had a very fishy dead fish smell he thought. But then again he'd never smelt a fishy fish alive or dead.
Right now Ali himself was choking, gagging on the tear provoking smell,.... uncontrollably gagging, the camels were farting unnaturally biting their riders and spitting viscously to rid the putrid taste from their mouths.
This smell had nothing to do with dead fly bloated, stinking, putrefying bodies of goats nor of fishy fish dead whales for that matter, I mean, this just wasn't, couldn't be natural no?
His grandfather had taught him in his old age of the evil demons that dwelt in the desert hidden within the yellow dust filthy “haboob's”, with their dreadful god fearing vomit shit smell and diabolical tricks.
Ali's camel enthusiastically and repeatedly tried to turn and bite him any which way it could, spraying its green slimy spit in all directions as they broached the summit of a dune. He pulled him back noticing copious tears running down its checks, the camel struggling to blink them away, it was suffering from extreme distress that much was obvious. It was bloody crying! Tears running down its cheeks and dripped to the sand below.
It was crying from the dreadful smell that killed the air dead!
Down in the valley struggled the dirt dirty filthy devils, now and again one of them broke away to squat, defecating and screaming a spine chilling mystical ear piercing chant marking their territory as a no man's land.
It seemed as if the devils were all but naked, rag bedraggled bodies a bright pink glow in the sunlight, they staggered sluggishly along in a strange ceremonial manner, hobbling, stumbling, their legs stretched apart uttering strange excruciating groans.
Ali's camel bucked and turned about again, a whiplash of tears flew about it drenching the sand, it's mind connecting the unsupportable smell with a certain horrifying annihilation, it pissed and defecated abundantly there and then.
Put a little more concisely, it Fucking freaked out.
Ali had seen enough of these horrendous demons, he was fucking terrified as well, tears now clouded his own eyes running down his cheeks. Shouting a curse “A thousand farts of flatulent camels on you” at the devils below he flicked his cane to the camels flanks furiously, ferociously, furiously, sadistically. No matter which, total panic had seized him and his companions. They turned about spinning on cringing sand grains and galloped away down wind as fast as possible. May be, may be they could escape some how.
Che's men waved and jeered franticly imploring rescue but the Arab camel train rapidly disappeared into the distance, it was the third camel train that had done the same. What was wrong with them!? Fucking fuzzy wuzzies.
Dehydration had taken it's toll, they were now five bedraggled thirsty desperate souls. They'd thrown away every thing they were unable to carry including their useless sand blocked fire arms.
All the chocolate, beans, liquorish and water had been consumed the previous day.
Che was not improving, he'd gotten though another two inhalers controlling the curse of his life, Asthma. It seemed to have the habit of debilitating him at exactly the wrong moment, be it on a mission of national importance or a few seconds before orgasm whilst liberating the sexual libido of some bourgeoisie princes or the other. The sky maintained its mustard post apocalyptic colour, dust thick. But they were close to the dig now.
Ahmid had finished his morning prayers, raising his head his attention was caught by the groaning site hut door swinging too and throw. He scuttled off leaving his confederates of the humanitarian flight team, taking the opportunity to catch up on his diary. Entering into the gloom of the hut he spied a table and set his diary upon it....
It had all begun when he'd picked the dirty damp paper from the gutter, his eye by sheer chance caught the job offer, which was obliviously a sign from God.
The money was crazy, all training free, health cover for his family, pensions and accommodation for them for life. “A short contract” it said. The job description was not too clear but it stated in capital letters, “No previous experience necessary....secure life time employment”.
More than a bit contradictory, but what did Ahmid care he was finished with the poverty of the streets of Deli. He had to secure this job and escape to a new life.
He some how passed the intensive interview impressing them with his loving obedient fealty to God. Just a matter of days latter he was flying free to a deserted location high in the mountains of Pakistan.
So frilled with his turn of fortune was he that he threw himself with total dedication and blind obedience at the challenges facing him. The training was hard and demanded his total dedication, he was treated kindly by the his trainers who were farther like kind, but stern when it came to his lessons and prayers.
So he took to flying like he was born for it. Day after day the lessons increased his knowledge, he enjoyed the freedom in the clouds he was loving the whole experience, but for one inconsistency, he was never taught how to land. They said that bit was the easiest bit, too easy, it really wasn't to be bothered with.
After six months the day came when he had to attend a private interview, there his teachers explained that after performing Gods work he was to be a martyr. His reward was to be paradise, married to 72 dark eyed virgins and he would become very famous for his sacrifices to gods wishes.
It was at that point that he started to dream of the book he would write, the Hollywood film that would follow bringing him untold wealth.
After his martyrdom he would publish it, there would be book signings, lectures, his life would be perfect, riches and family. A long life of caring for his loved ones, his mind ran wild with his dreams hardly able to contain himself waiting for this great day of his martyrdom when he would begin his new happy life.
His training had been completed in record time and they had been sent here to this archaeological dig by the great Al Fuk-eda to condition their minds and bodies with hard labour to purify themselves before the great day came.
As he finished his entry for the day he sat back and the loose legged stool on which he sat complained a bit, complained fervently then twisted and collapsed, he followed it to the floor and giggled at the scene pushing himself upright as an unusual brilliant light caught his eye from under the table. He bent there and retrieved a handful of blistering bright glistering gems, a necklace of gems in curious shapes rather like the shape of his own precious scrotum.
The gods wouldn't leave him alone, heaping more and more good fortune on him, surely he was touched by them. With this gift, on top of the seventy two wide eyed virgins, on top of the martyrdom, on top of his fame, on top of his book, his Hollywood movie, his life was a dream of fabulous good fortune.
He held the prize in his hand, another step forwards to a glorious future and then feeling light headed he decided to close his tired eyes for a few minuets.
The clothes, bodies, guns had disappeared, The Pope was efficient systemically as ever, he scoured the area and declared, “someone’ll pay with worthless life, no a one mess me boy”
Tio Tonto was still breathing sighs of relief, not knowing which sigh may be his last, good, good, the guns out of the way was a gift from heaven as far as his future quality of life was concerned. He had to placate him, yes, if he could build some kind of relation with him?
“This is such a weird place man, I wouldn't be surprised if your clothes hadn't been taken off for top of the line laundering.” he joked
The Pope gave a sideways glance of contemptible menace. “Find some a thing to cover your tools o I rip em off.
“Yeah yeah, you are quite right really, really we have to maintain some kind of decency, dignity right, I mean YOU are quite right, yes, got you, yes.”
“shut a fuck up”
They looked around and came up with different solutions the Pope fashioned banana skins to lace around his mid drift and hang down covering his modesty. Tonto chose, would you believe fig like leaves and a creeper.
“Lets a out o this poofta palace before I kill a some one, I still got a itch.”
Tonto jumped to attention and obediently followed the Pope. The tunnel was long and gloomy with many turning's, twenty minuets later they were approaching the brightness of daylight.
As Tonto wandered along his mind tried to reason why he was still alive, he tried employing different philosophical tools, rationality, Plato’s logic, Game theory but he wasn't too good at that thinking kind of stuff, “Anyway, I mean, a homicidal maniac in a banana skirt clutching a flea bitten teddy bear. What the fuck.”
“or may be my lucks changed, he's simply lost his mind, oxygen starvation of the brain or he feels some kind of debt for his life na? Fuck, I’m alive, what the fuck”
The fruit he'd eaten started to rumble in his stomach a common problem for him, his digestive tract sent it's disapproval of the fruit to his anus and he let squeak a little one as they strode into intense sunlight in a neglected corner of the ruins. Motifs of the extended scrotum sect adorned the walls along with those mystical spirals that fine craftsmanship had etched untold millennium before.
“What are we going to do?” he enquired politely.
The Pope remain silent he seemed to be concentrating on something, a noise, he turned right following it into a day lit open passage way which rose slowly.
Now a distant voice was audible in the distance. The Pope responded immediately.
“Fucking kill bastards, robbed a my suit. Leave a man no a dignity I’ll strip skin. I pull neck.” The Pope appeared to be a man of few well chosen colourful words.
He tossed the bear at Tonto, he didn't realise he'd been carrying it, his rage growing with each step as the noise grew louder, a drunken slurring, not really following any tempo.
The Pope strove on purposefully, leaving Tonto straggling behind so he double paced to catch up but only lagged further behind. The passageway was now became an ancient street of dwellings with ruined tumbled down walls shoulder high.
The slurring grew louder, it was Indica, off his head and out of his mind, in fact his minds tenancy these days was so infrequent as to warrant a temporary forwarding address.
At an intersection of streets a hand attached to a black suit flashed out from the shadows grabbing Tonto by the neck, thrusting him high against a wall, he dropped the bear and held the vial vile high in the air.
The dirty smoke stained hand was strangling him with it's iron vice grip.
Pummelling the Cuban suit with his other hand had no effect, air was no longer arriving to fill his lungs he was loosing.. he audibly farted as on the other side of the wall Indica amused himself.
He had his whip in hand lounging in a deck chair with sun parasol above, empty tequila bottles strewn about, the loud fart like sound stalled him a second, seemingly familiar, before he dismissed it and continued. He'd been practising his wrist action all afternoon with the bottles precariously placed on the wall... Indica was in a dreadful state, a mess, high on ecstasy for five straight days, he had very little idea of where he was or what the fuck he was doing. He probably didn't give a shit either.
He flicked his whip at the bottle topped wall and it returned with a glass vile which fell to his lap. He only just noticed the vile as he was already into a return hit, but now the vial held all his available concentrated attention. In the mean time, the whip had by happen chance coiled it self around the neck of the Cuban suit, Indica yanked back eager to examine the contents of the vile, the sudden resistance to the whip collapsed his deck chair but he instinctively held on to the whip. Result, one Cuban suits neck snapped with a resounding crack and amazing proficiency.
Indica had no idea what had happened, his eyes were hunger fixed on the vile, that could only mean one thing, drugs. So snapping the top off, he downed it in one, just as a huge Cuban dressed in banana leaves rounded the corner.
In a rage The Pope strode towards him evil purpose in his eyes.
Tonto having shacken off the suited corpse rounded the corner gasping for breath with the flea bitten pudgy brown bear clasped to his chest.
But Indica was already high in the air, the Popes hand held him suspended, a puppet dangling, strangling and crushing his wind pipe, his powerful right hit Indica in his still enormous throbbing swollen balls.
A snapping jab, his well practiced favourite a warm up for more intimate torture and it was charged with all his herculean muscular power.
A scream of screams commanded the air, cut though it, silenced nature's hum and filled the air with a shrilling whining pitiful distress.
In all those years on the confession line the Pope had never ever heard anyone filled with such pitiful anguish, the bare bones of a soul moving from desperation to total resignation of its horrendous fate.
It shocked The Pope, he trembled, horrific images of all his victims on a speeded up confession line seemed to cry out to him at once, a unified pathos, a plea to respect the sanctity of life, a cry for the family misery he had inflicted, a cry for the children he had orphaned. Now he yearned to let each and every one of those victims free, free from what were his own, evil, cruel, ignorant hands. To liberate their souls from their dyeing suffrage, pain and hopelessness. To lay to rest their mangled desecrated corpses, he wanted to undo everything, Yes undo everything, every single evil deed of his life's work. The Pope dropped Indica.
He staggered back overwhelmed, his mind screaming escape from its incriminations, accusations, of the tortured inferno that had been his life's work.
Tonto arrived Hmm... “Hey Indica may I present to you my good friend The Pope.”
Indica stared upwards vacant, then his eyes focused, then he lost consciousness.
“Ah...ha, probably not the best moment for that I guess.” Mused Tonto.
The Pope was on his knees hands covering his face crying uncontrollably, a baby lost in it's own private world of hysterical self pity.
Ahmid awoke to pain, pain he'd never before known, his eyes lowered to the source and his jaw fell open, ripping his bursting clothes away revealed a sight that no man should suffer to see. His balls were enormous, humongous, swollen, throbbing red and over run by small sucking white snails.
Panic filled his brain, he crawled to the door, tears washing his face, what he saw was something from nightmares. The recreation area for the workers was a slaughter house of dead and semi naked wounded, some crawling in desperation to the “Never land” of hope, all of them had huge grotesque distended scrotum’s plastered in white small snails.
A terrifying chorus of pain filled groans incessantly bombarded his ears.
“Ahmid, Ahmid help me for the love of god, help me” Ahmid pulled himself to the source of the pleas to find his beloved friend and confident Alle...”I'm sorry really sorry, I didn't mean....well I couldn’t help...I took it, I took it, forgive me Ahmid.”
“What did you take?”
“That cursed devils necklace.”
“I showed it to Acba, he took it from me, stole it from me and was murdered for it. Now look,” signing the hell around them, “what did I do?”
“There was a riot, they all wanted it, none wanted to share. Our greed has destroyed us all, look,... look around, look at the blood and horror, the curse has worked it's way on all of those who touched it, who craved it. All will die a horrible death Ahmid, God has looked into our souls and what he's seen has unleashed his vengeful wroth.”
“I came here with you to work gods word Ahmid. No one but me new of the true nature of our mission, so it was I alone who deceived you all, but I had to do it in the name of our beloved God.”
“Ahmid we were here hiding before our mission, we were to sacrifice our lives for the truth and glory of our God.”
“We weren’t here to fly humanitarian relief aid flights, like I told you all. We were to destroy the twin pillars of capitalism, the symbol of the westerns worlds decadence it's den of inequity, it's betrayal of all that God stands for in his glory. Yes, I Lied, we were to fly our aircraft into the twin O.Bz-C.Bz on Oxford street in the infidels land of the British martyring ourselves in the name of God.”
Ahmid's dreams collapsed, imploded, popped. It had all been lies, lies, lies, he didn't understand this terrible world and wanted out, he embraced his distraught friend and said,
“But I don't understand, O.Bz – C.Bz? What about my book the movie?, my martyrdom and the virgins?
Especially the 72 wide eyed virgins?”...........
Fatty Chole started his first burger bar van in Finsbury park road, a happy good humoured overly large man who was said to eat more than he served.
He got..... BIGGER.
When people talk about expanding their business, they are normally referring to its business potential, but in the case of Fatty... he had said this as a matter of literal fact as he simply could no longer access the interior of the burger van.
A triple width isle was required.
The customized enlarged van caused crowds of curious lonely social out casts to descend on the bar, soon the scene around it began to look like something akin to an air crash disaster scene.
It became a magnet for all the sight seeking weird-os that crawl out from the shadow land of low self esteem. Seeking to be the first to pass on precious inconsequential information that might aid them in elevating their prestige within pathetic social peer groups.
In this case the precious gem of information was the truly scandalous unbelievable physical dimensions of Fatty.
In consequence, rumours grew, clandestinely whispered, endlessly exaggerated in their circulation, debating the validity of Fatties size, but it was one of those very rare cases where the hype was actually born out by the reality. The second such example since Bruce Springsteen.
No matter Fatties weight, the clientèle overwhelmed his capacity to keep up with the demand for his burgers, there was no longer time to eat in between clients.
Business grew along with Fatty, those extra slices of bacon on top of triple burgers became lashings of half cooked bacon, blocks of creamed cheese, tripe, cream sauces with pig lard and cow drippings. It was time to make a bold move he was advised, and so he decided to open the first retail outlet of what would become a world wide monopoly in record time.
Deciding to ignore pleas from friends, acquaintances alike to call the business the “Fat Fatty Fats Burger Bar”. He opted for the more contentious name of.............
“THE OBESCITY BURGER CHOLESTERAL BAR.”
Which was abbreviated to catchy O.Bz.-C.Bz
This came at a time when medical science had just revealed the dire consequences of a high cholesterol diet to the heart and hence life. Fatty mused “Life is a “gamble” nothing more, its so much fun and so is the cholesterol roulette wheel, come on jump on, lets slag up those arteries to a mere squirt, rip those flapping heart valves apart, damp those heart muscles down to a mere irregular flutter”.
There was no holding him back now. The press clamoured for wide angled photos and quotes as he franchised his business.
But when he advertised his product as having,
“A guarantee of certain death at an early age from all cholesterol related cardio vascular diseases”.
The media went crazy, he had the curious, the dedicated, fat and the thin, arriving in droves. They all left with their cholesterol time bomb months advanced and their hunger sated.
Fatty and his food chain eventually gave birth to spin off businesses, the greatest success being the popular...
“Pure Cholesterol Consumption Competition” a big brother scenario centred around the gross gluttony of obese contestants, although the sex scenes were severely edited as unpalatable to the masses, it still arrived to a world wide stage of one hundred millions viewers, bumping the Simpson's and dragons den into well deserved obscurity.
The politically correct, “The Big campaign against the Discrimination of Slightly Overly Large and Upwards People”, wanted to close him down for running a business based, as they saw it on discriminatory propaganda aimed at ridiculing the obese, but one look at its owner, his weight and eating habits refuted all of their carefully planed accusations.
The franchise won various awards for its interior design. Check outs that even allowed Fatty to wobble though them unhindered, he provided over sized chairs to accommodate its more dedicated customers, reinforced toilet facilities together with doors to accommodate all. The toilets contained innovative sanitary receptacles for its bulimic clients with mouthwash facilities all located beside privacy booths to hide the shame of their uncontrollable copious consumption of his burgers.
His final genius was to gain a pharmaceutical licence to dispense statin's directly to the public at all of his outlets shooting down complaints from the multitude of medical foundations trying to close him down.
If you could eat three O.Bz-C.Bz. in an hour with out puking, you got an extra free, (bulimic's excluded), but no one, no one including the owner ever achieved such an unimaginable feat of gluttony.
The business went viral, it was the ultimate decadence in calorific cholesterol soaked cuisine, the addicted gluttonous human debris produced provoked the “twelve lighter steps program” self help group to quickly cover the country, which were in the main totally unsuccessful in weaning its members off the burgers, in fact in its third year there was still not one soul prepared to honestly pick up his one month clean star.
The health issues regarding the franchise became even more notorious than the Catholic condoned Aids epidemic in Africa, the World Health Organisation ruled it the public health enemy No. One.
Each casualty hit the headlines, there were exploding hearts, stomachs and respiratory failures. Medical Emergency Teams parked adjacent to the out lets awaiting the constant flow of near and out right deaths. Fatties in house retained lawyers became famed for their callousness in defence of the food chain
With outlets in sixty five countries including Biafra, which was about as sick a joke as one could make, although the business still made a profit, frequented by the corrupt elite, (Idi Amin flew in twice a week for a quick bight, two burgers with all the trappings and several take a ways).
Fatty became rich.
He commented, “Well yeah O.K., So I'm only the seventeenth richest man on the planet but I won the Guinness book of record as the worlds fattest man “hands down”. “I'm no egoist, “to be the worlds best and first only once, is enough for me”.
This was the gluttonous capitalistic monstrosity of decadence that had been the target of Al Fuk-eda, as far as he was concerned, it represented the pinnacle of western societies capitalistic debauchery and as such it was a legitimate target for destruction.
Tio had pleaded with The Pope for twenty minuet's before he had consented to help, his main complaint was not over helping, he just didn't want to come anywhere near Indicas naked body, but now he tentatively grasped his bare shoulders forcing him down doubled over a suitable rounded boulder his head laying between his banana leaved frocked waist.
Tio took the super spears flame thrower lighter and pulling Indica's balls from between his legs in a tricky dexterous pincer movement using thumb and forefinger. The operation began, roasting away the remaining snails plastered to the rear of Indica's scrotum.
The smell and Indica's constant unconscious efforts to escape the heat of the flame sent him too and throwing between him self and The Pope, so what with his writhing groaning it rendered the operation instantly forgettable. The Pope constantly protested pulling and pushing Indica around to counteract his writhing s.
The operation was nearly completed and as if in celebratory acknowledgement Indica relaxed, then awakened screaming at his pain and causing him to fart prodigiously!
Tio's cognitive circuitry instantly processed the inputting data and sent an “all events evasion action” alarm to his central nervous system which responded by flooding his body with adrenalin. Quite a good manoeuvre all in all, but there was a side effect, a tensioning in his gut which rapturously, instantly expelled all the gaseous ballast stored in his larger intestines. The super spears lighter then did what it did best, the explosion was expansive and instantaneous, needless to say stimulating to all parties present, leaving the three of them with little need to attend to excess's of private hair growth for many a month to come.
They had arrived placing Che's stretcher close to the rim of the crater. Cono went off on a reconnaissance searching for water and anything else that may be useful. The group was in a bad way Che was semi lucid, but with the return of cono carrying fresh water their recovery was rapid and within two hours Che was sitting up ready to take command.
They had to secure Fidels bear no matter what, that was the primary objective of operation “Desert Wind” nothing else mattered, the D.N.A was in its pampas, he was the only one apart from Fidel with this intelligence, he just hoped they were in time and that the red herring vile had done its work.
He shifted over to the rim of the excavation and with his high power binoculars and surveyed the scene below.
As he focussed the fine precision glass he pointed them in the direction from which a constant groaning and pleas for help came from, the focus snapped an image into being. Two gay Arab labourers embracing each other naked from the waste down crying hysterically, whilst around them lay seventy or eighty bodies some obviously departed for the next world, judging by the blood stained earth around them.
Limbs were severed, knives, axes, shovels protruded from their savaged bodies, clubs lay in the hands of the dead, “Some serious shit had gone down here, but what had started the massacre”.
Some where crawling, all were naked below the waste and what shockingly caught his attention now, was frankly beyond belief, they all had balls far beyond elephant size.
He moved the binoculars around the area, “fuck a what a the fuck” his words mumbled past his lips. What he saw was incredible, he simply couldn't believe his eyes.
The living and dead were all afflicted alike, the unlucky living writhed in uncontrollable pain sobbing, others were simply uncontrollably crying calling for their mothers and others seemed to be crawling aimlessly having been forced to abandoned their minds due to pain, their huge grotesque balls left large gouged rutted trails in the dust behind them.
All of them stretched out their legs to the maximum to accommodate the rampant cancer that lay between.
A group of three now caught his attention on the other side of the excavation he flicked the lenses around to the source refocusing, the first thing he saw was The Pope, “thank god” he thought, before he realised that he was dressed in banana leaves and bending over a naked body.
“oh man this a place is so a fucked up a man”
Che could now see that the man straddling the boulder from the positioning of the bodies seemed to be giving an enthusiastic blow job, The Pope had him by the shoulders pushing and pulling at the body, “My god I just a cant believe, The Pope a poof no!, but what a the fuck”, his mind was in complete confusion nothing seemed real here “The Pope getting a blow job man!” but then a scream echoed around the excavation and the face of Indica Mc lemmon appeared from the banana leaves between The Popes legs. “No, Oh a No”,
“The Pope and Indica?”
He panned to the pudgy man at the other end of Mc lemmon and felt an incredulity cross his mind until he understood, the pudgy one although dressed for an orgy in fig leaves had a flame thrower of some kind in his hand and was torturing Indica burning his balls.
“Now that's more like it” thought Che, the scene now made better sense, he felt guilty for thinking of The Pope as he had. The Pope would always be the same, given a chance to inflict pain and horror he would always be out there ahead of the others camping out at the head of the queue, top of the class.
A huge ball of red flame suddenly exploded enveloping the pudgy one and Indica, “Fuck” thought Che “They're not fucking about down there, Guess we can relax The Popes got things under control”.
Tio jumped back the hair on his chest had disappeared his fig leaves had curled at the intense heat, he swiped at his body instinctively as The Pope brushed away the remnants of his eyelashes and chest hair.
“Hey Che I found some salt tablets on the dashboard of the Jeep over there, take this you need it”. Che knocked back the ecstasy pill, one of the last from Indica's stash and passed the glasses to cono...a few minutes latter he was giggling a bit weirdly and said, “wow man that's some wild party down there. What we do”.Che looked over smiled and said, “tell every one to relax, get a good nights sleep, it seems like everything’s under control. The Popes on the job!”
But the reality was that not one of Ches team were under control and nor would they be for the next forty eight hours.
Dawn broke, Tonto and The Pope shouldered Indica between them, they were making their way towards the incline when Tio broke away for a moment stooping to retrieve something strewn in the dust.
Che heard a Jeep door slam, he rose a little to stare over the top of a wall, watching them laughing yeah, great The Popes got the bear. Great we can get out o here but we just gotta finish this party first, he continued to juggle bare full breasted cono up and down on his dick. He was raving like a loony as were the rest of his men, everything seemed so great, the dawn, yeah, the desert, yeah, wow man this was some kind of scene going down here yeah, I mean a real a groovy scene man.....he took another shot from his inhaler then lit one of Cubans finest and disappeared.....
All rights reserved, copyright Tom Tomlinson. 19.5.2012.
By the Author of..
'The Absurdity of Pigeon Feed'
If some one enjoys this nonsense or not please drop me a line with your comments to tio_tom_tomlinson7@hotmail.com
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Using virgin coconut oil as a lotion is the ideal method to control your skin's youthfulness. It does not only prevent the formation of harmful free radicals, but it also act to protect it from free radical. In fact it is also capable of sustaining the skin from whitehead and other skin problem due to aging factor and excessive exposure to sunlight.
Virgin coconut oil is capable of strengthening the 'connective' tissue of the skin, thereby helping to stop the skin from slack and wrinkle. It contains certain elements that is capable of restoring damaged skin or preventing the skin from contracting a disease.
Virgin coconut oil not only give temporary relief to the skin, but it also helps to restore and improve the skin, and that cannot be done by any other types of lotion. It functioned to r5estore the youthfulness of your skin by removing the external dead skin cells. Virgin coconut oil will penetrate deep into the underlayer skin and will reinforce that layer of tissue. Finally your skin will be soft and healthy.
If you want the maximum restorative effect, you must choose those oil that is genuinely of high quality, free from chemicals, no bleaching and non hydrogenated. All these are available in virgin coconut oil.
4-Rest your face muscles
5-Take plenty of Omega-3.
6-Avoid smoking.
Hj.Ishak Basiran
(Mechanical Engineer)
M.Director Desaku Maju Marketing, Desaku Trading, Mudah Niaga & Teknologi Desa Hijau Sdn Bhd.
Dr.AH.Bambang Setiaji, MSc
(Expert Virgin Coconut oil Nusantara)
Lecturer Fakulti Kimia Matematik dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universiti Gadjah Mada Indonesia
Everyday drink Virgin Coconut Oil @ Black Seed Oil @ Honey- What you will get?
Relieve breathing– dilute phlegm and cleanse the respiratory tract and throat.
Ease defecation and urination – overcome constipation & uncomfortable urination and remove toxin through excrement.
Increase the metabolism rate on the whole body cells– Virgin coconut oil will be diffused on as the energy component inside the body – your body will consider stronger.
In the ileum and colon, it destroys the harmful organism like viruses, bacteria, fungi and protozoan (worm). The digestion will achieve maximum level.
Reduce the condition of being easily hungry – when the digestion achieves maximum level, the body will gain more nutrition and energy.
Therefore the body weight is controlled – don't need to eat much and often.
Reduce body fat – the body weight decreases to suit the person's body.
Not easily infected by diseases – with the strengthening of the body immunity system.
Reduce the stickiness of the blood platelet – the stickiness of the platelet is the contributing factor of the plaque formation in the blood vessel.
Reduce the risk of heart attack and high blood pressure – avoid the formation of plaque in the blood vessel especially the blood vessel to the heart.
Speeds up the process of repairing the damaged cells – restore the flexibility, tenderness and fineness of skin.
THE LONG TERM EFFECT ON THE BODY FOR CONSUMING VIRGIN COCONUT OIL
Reduce the cholesterol level – it does not contain cholesterol. Therefore it is the best alternative to other oils that have high high cholesterol level.
Control diabetes - the pancreas is more efficient to secrete insulin while the cell work more efficiently to diffuse the needed sugar.
Overcome degenerative disease and old age problem - the natural anti oxidant in virgin coconut oil is the free radical formation obstructer.
Does not increase the stickiness level of platelet in the blood – overcome plaque formation in the vessel which is the factor of heart attack.
The body is more resistant to diseases because VCO has anti virus, anti bacteria, anti fungus and anti protozoan agents.
Restore the flexibility, softness of skin – it speeds up the process of building new cells, besides protecting it from ultra violet radiation.
Stimulate new hair growth and guard against dandruff –the hair cell will gain adequate energy and nutrients for maximum growth.
Prevent allergy – virgin coconut oil acts as an anti histamine agent.
Prevent the risk of cancer disease – virgin coconut oil destroys the presence of any pathogen. Therefore leucocytes can act maximally destroy the cancer cells, because the leucocytes is not capable of attacking the pathogen organisms.
Overcome snoring – because the respiratory tract and uvula will be flexible and elastic due to the existence of new cells.
As a Source of Food, Energy and Health
VIRGIN COCONUT OIL
Ø Does not burden the pancreas
Ø Medium Chain Fatty Acid (MCFA – easily digested)
Ø Digested by only the saliva enzyme and in stomach (very good for those who have digestive disorder, metabolic problem, premature infant that the body system is under growth.
Ø Transmitted to the liver producing maximum energy.
Ø Produce instant energy. It can pass through the membrane cell of mitochondria without the enzyme.
Ø Cells become efficient.
Ø Act to prevent the formation of free radical.
Ø The poisonous trans fatty acid that destroy the body system is not produced.
Ø No cholesterol.
Ø Contain about 45-55 % of lauric acid.
Ø Have antivirus, antibacterial, antifungal, anti protozoan properties.
Ø On skin, it acts as the additional shield against the dangerous ultra violet (UV) radiation (longer skin's youthfulness) and prevent from the bacterial infection (prevent skin disease infection) besides speeding up the formation of new cells (flexibility and softness of skin is more obvious.
Ø Acts as anti cancer and anti histamine (prevent allergy).
Ø Increase metabolism. (Cells have more energy, makethem more efficient).
Ø Improve endurance.
Ø Improve the digestive system. (will not easily get hungry, no need to eat much and the body weight is controlled naturally).
Ø Improve the digestion of vitamins and minerals (good for old folks).
VEGETABLE OIL
Ø Burdening to the pancreas.
Ø Long Chain Fatty Acid ( only certain LCFA can be digested)
Ø Need pancreatic enzyme and various enzymes to be broken down into small units.
Ø It needs specific enzyme to enable it to permeate mitochondria membrane cell - thus it generates energy slower than Virgin Coconut Oil.
Ø Cells not efficient.
Ø Free radical is easily formed.
Ø It is being processed through deodorization, bleaching, dehydrogenation, which in the process, produces trans fatty acid that is known to be harmful to the human body.
Ø Contain cholesterol.
Ø Almost no beneficial acid.
ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION PREVENTION
As explain earlier, coconut oil does not increase the blood cholesterol level or triglyceride level or excessive blood clot. It even stimulate the metabolism, thereby lowering the cholesterol level. Research result from 1970 to 1980 showed that coconut oil is good for the heart although at that time the unsaturated fat is blamed for increasing the risk of myocardial infarction. It is proven that taking coconut oil greatly influence towards the decline in the risk of myocardial infarction compared with other edible oil. Coconut oil can also reduce the accumulation of body fat, increasing lifespan, lessen blood clot formation, reduce free radicals in the cells, reduce the cholesterol level in the blood and heart, adding antioxidant in the cells and reduce the possibility of acute myocardial infarction of the society. By consuming coconut oil the risk of heart attack can be reduced.
Based on this evidence coconut oil therefore is good for the heart or at least harmless to the heart. However it is a fact that coconut oil is not only harmless but play an important role in fighting against acute myocardial infarction. Because of its extraordinary role, it is expected to become a new weapon in fighting against acute myocardial infarction.
ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AND HYPERTENSION
To understand how coconut oil can help prevent acute myocardial infarction, we must possess the basic knowledge of how a heart disease develop. Acute myocardial infarction is caused by the hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis) that happened as a result of plaque formation. Most people say atherosclerosis is caused by too much cholesterol in the blood. This idea call cholesterol hypothesis or lipid from acute myocardial infarction. Presently this idea still is widely spread in popular media by the Soya bean industries, in fact this theory is already obsolete, with the clinical observation and academic research it had been displaced by the response to injury hypothesis.
What causes the formation of plaque and atherosclerosis to develop? Generally it is always thought that hardening of the vein is usually associated with cholesterol. However cholesterol does not only stay freely in the blood vessels but can settle abruptly anywhere in the vessel. Cholesterol is used by the body to patch and repair wounds on the wall of blood vessels. In fact cholesterol is not really required for the formation of plaque in the atherosclerosis. Contrary to popular belief, the key component of blood vessel plaque is not cholesterol but protein especially the network of wounds. Several blood vessels that suffer atherosclerosis contain a small amount of cholesterol or none at all. According to response to injury hypothesis, part of the atherosclerosis develop as a result of wound on the inner wall of the blood vessel. Wound can happen due several reasons such as poisoning, free radicals, virus or bacteria. If the cause of the wound is not removed, it will cause further damage and as long as the complication and inflammation continue, the network will continue developing. Blood coagulant protein called platelets circulate freely in the blood. When it meets the wound it will become sticky and stick with one another in the damaged network to facilitate remedy. This is how blood clot is form. Wound from whatever source will trigger the platelet to coagulate and the cells in the blood vessel will release element to stimulate the growth of muscle cells in the wall. A complex combination of network wound, platelet, calcium, cholesterol and triglyceride work together to cure the wound. Therefore from the fiber network, it is clear that not only cholesterol that form the basic element in plaque. Calcium accumulation in plaque caused the hardening of blood vessel and this is the characteristic of atherosclerosis.
Contrary to popular belief, plaque does not only stick to the internal wall along the blood vessel just like mud does in the garden hose. But plaque grow inside the wall of a blood vessel, and it is part of the wall. The wall of a blood vessel is surrounded by a layer of strong muscle fiber coiling around it to prevent the plaque from spreading. Because plaques grow and developed, but it is unable to propagate outwards, it therefore presses inwards and close the vessel passage, narrowing down the bloodstream and restricting the blood flow.
Platelets gather around the wound to form blood clot. It seals the vent of the damage tube. But if the blood is inclined to clot, it will finally obstruct the blood flow. Finally the vessel narrowed down by the plaque will because clog by the blood clot and this in turn will stop the blood flow. If this happen to the coronary vessel it is known as heart attack. If it happened to carotid vessel going to the brain, the result is what is called stroke. Atherosclerosis cause acute myocardial infarction and other cardiovascular interference.
PROSTATE ENLARGEMENT
Generally adult male has risk in attack prostate disruption during his life. Most common prostate disruption is benign prostaic hyperplasia (BHP) or prostate enlargement. Almost 50% old man among 40-59 year and 90% people those aged between 70-80 year stricken phenomenon BHP. The disease distributed when someone ageing. Is known that lifestyle plays a vital role happened this BHP, and it make main problem in western country. Man who lives in developed country who are less advanced where local food production and consumption usually has been undisturbed by this disease. Yet disease actual cause BHP this not yet leak. Theory most popular concentrate to male hormone dihydrostestosterone (DHT) as his cause. Believed that when we ageing greater testerone are transformed into collected DHT in prostate. Affairs this resulted prostate grow, and it pressing urethra, (fund whereby urine flowing) and bladder until cause often urinate and interference urinate, especially at night, this situation often in knit with gland inflammation. Although it is not cancer ailment, but that potential as upholder happen this disease, (cancer).
Medical that reasonable to BHP is by prevent change testerone become DHT. Finasteride is a medicine function by this way and has proven effective. Herb medication popular and are believed get prevent poisonous influence DHT's formation that excess is saw palmetto. This subtropical climate can found in American region South-East. Indian's person indigenous Florida and his early people use berries and this crop as medicine people to cure disruption reproduction, or vessel disease urinate and influenza. To woman are used to mother's milk and defuse menstruation painful.
Present research that saw palmetto berries powerfully effective in lessen disruption BHP. Relatively proscar (BHP's drug that many formulation), saw palmetto more effective in defuse prostate phenomenon. Lot of scrutiny have pointed out that saw palmetto powerfully effective almost 90% to menstrual period among week 4 to week 6 . Instead proscar only effective in defuse his phenomenon less 37% after drug taking during per years. Convince that saw palmetto had no side effects. Instead proscar may cause impotency, desire decline (libido) sexual and disabled birth. Saw palmetto have solicited his reputation among the physicians alternative health and conventional as a effective medication to BPH. It make a herb has been admitted by conventional medication as secure and effective.
Medication influences saw palmetto can be found especially from fat tamarind in berry. Attract to be observed that saw palmetto make cluster palm and berries and it make among coconut species. Obtain many fat tamarind to saw palmetto berries make similar MCFA with MCFA in coconut. Dr Jon Kabara, biochemist fat (lipid), declared that fat tamarind saw palmetto barriers cope pursue formation DHT hormone. Then be also with fat tamarind to coconut oil. A conclusion is necessarily equal coconut oil effective it even more effective in preventing and cure BPH like extract saw palmetto.
DIABETES DISEASE. (DIABETES)
Among a number of modern society diseases is diabetes. This disease have increased less from a century ago to the need serious attention. Now diabetes become sixth-largest killer in America. Diabetes does not just cause death but can cause other disease such as kidney pain, acute myocardial infarction, high-blood-pressure, stroke, cataract, nerve damage, hearing loss and blindness. Calculated that 45% risky inhabitants this disease (diabetes).
By easier diabetes are disease that related with sugar inside the body in whose know as blood sugar or blood glucose. Every cell inside body should get glucose to spur metabolic. Cell use glucose to strengthen growth process and recovery. When eat food, digestive system change a lot of food become glucose then free in bloodstream. Hormone insulin, issued by gland pancreas, arrange glucose from the blood to be channeled into the cell until operational as fuel. If cell not get glucose total that sufficient cell will become 'hunger' and finally will die. To this moment, network and organs of the body will suffer damage. That is really happened to the diabetes patient.
There are two types diabetes, namely diabetes type I and diabetes type II. Diabetes type I sometimes considered as diabetes youth, namely diabetes which had been dependent insulin. Diabetes this type is ordinary originated during child and it is because by incapacity pancreas to issue total insulin needed by person. While diabetes type II also known as diabetes who do not rely to insulin. Diabetes this kind only occurred when person already adult and it happen because cell not able to absorb normal rate insulin issued by pancreas. In these circumstances insulin may regard as key to a key mango to singles door. Insulin with role as key, open mango key (enter into the cell) and then open the gate to facilitate glucose enter. If his mango's key make from material that are not quality and it damage, key is no longer function, door will not be able to open. This happens to sufferer diabetes tipe II. Insulin available cannot longer open the gate because his mango's key damaged. To both type diabetes this glucose level in the blood increase whereas his cell malfunction.
To diabetes tipe I pancreas not able to produce insulin rate that adequate to deliver glucose ply to all cells inside body. The treatment is with make insulin injection once or more a day with sugar low nutrition table that the tight. Was reported that around 90% sufferer diabetes have been from tipe II and 85% from it caused by obesity. This both tipe diabetes, diet very important whether to patient that stay to the moment disease start though in his handling. While type of food eaten also really influence patient either it enhance or protect
A interesting facts, persons that stay in the archipelago Pacific who practice traditional diet never reportedly catch diabetes ill. Yet when them leave his natural food and replace him with westernized food, all manner type of disease come, and in about is diabetes. For example what that happened in Nautu Island people in South-pacific. During their centuries just rely to food based upon on banana, tuber and coconut.
Yet after being found in their earth phosphate patching his revenue bring to prosperity and their changing lifestyles, majority of the population replace banana, tuber and coconut with food from fine powder, sugar and vegetable oil that while his process already experienced many modify. Consequently emerge disease have never seem before it like diabetes and others. Reportedly World Health Organization (WHO), almost half Nautu's Island urban population that age 30-64 years get diabetes disease.
Doctors have successfully helped patients to operate diabetes with organize patient practice low-fat diet, high carbohydrate. Through diet they get limit fat intake until 30% calorie. Complex carbohydrates as perfect grain and vegetables comprise from 50% to 60% calorie. Medium carbohydrate as fine powder and sugar should avoid. This is because carbohydrate pay tension that not duly to pancreas and this will increase in blood sugar to level that jeopardizes. Reason to fat reduction and also sweet food are gaining body weight reduction. This is because body weight problem is main cause diabetes. In addition other reason to low-fat diet is reduce the acute myocardial infarction risk that general effect from diabetes illness.
Lastly, researchers has shown that flute vegetable oil excessive recruitment cause disease diabetes. This matter was strengthen with a proof study to on animal where it have successfully raised diabetes with only feeding fat content poly unsaturated fat that substantial. Then with only limiting fat intake, that animals has undergone remedial from his disease (diabetes). In a conclusion powerfully effective low-fat diet in the handling diabetes.
Latest suggestion is lessen or limit all fats. Unsaturated mono fat as olive oil, subtly influence diabetes, then approved use at reasonable rates. Yet because all fats including high olive oil caloric content, then his recruitment not are encouraged. However seem unsaturated poly oil classified oil as problem occur. This scrutiny shows that when unsaturated poly fat from diet enclose in cellular arrangement, cell ability to get disturbed glucose. In other words 'mango key' to cell open the gate supply glucose to be entered aggravate his state when too much unsaturated poly oil in take in food. Then insulin not afford open the gate. Unsaturated poly fat oxidizable easily and destroyed by free radicals. With all type of fat, including unsaturated poly oil, used as obstacle hedge supply membrane cell. Unsaturated poly fat oxidizable in membrane cell can influence by detrimental his cellular function, including his ability in permit hormone, glucose and other substance to flow into and outwards his cell. Then thereof, diet high to vegetable unsaturated poly oil distillation increase diabetes. Diet low to oil will help dispel his symptom because all fat potential to increase body weight. Then would be excellent to avoiding him.
In this regard still there fat which can be eaten by diabetes sufferer without foreboding. The fat is coconut oil. Coconut oil not cause diabetes and it get help arrange blood sugar, felled at lessen influence diabetes. Nautu's people take many coconut oil during several generations and was never found diabetes, yet when they replace with eating from other oil his result is disaster.
Attractive one item of coconut oil not claim enzyme production insulin from pancreas. With reduction to process inside the body during lunch time, whereas insulin was still being taken out with many, then would facilitate organs of the body function more efficient. Coconut oil also help give energy to cell because it have been absorbed easily without need enzyme or insulin. Coconut oil has proven can improve secretion insulin and blood glucose. Coconut oil to improving food and improve action and insulin capacity send glucose repeat among cell, when compared with other oil.
In Journal of the Indian Medicine Association reports that diabetes type II in India have increased when person neglect oil traditional, because more selective vegetable unsaturated poly oil that has promoted “good for the heart”. The authors having commentary on the relationship between unsaturated poly oil with diabetes and organize enhance consumption coconut oil as method to prevent diabetes.
A diabetes consequence are diminished energy that related with incapacity cell to get glucose that is required. Without glucose to strengthen cellular activity, metabolic becomes slow and all body fell weak.
Athletic were organized as a method to help diabetes sufferer operate in blood sugar. The reason why beneficial athletic is that it enhance metabolic. Faster metabolic amount will stimulate insulin production increase that is required and enhance glucose absorption in cells. Therefore it can help diabetes sufferer type I though diabetes sufferer type II.
Coconut oil can also increase metabolic amount that cause body fire more calories that mean will add body weight reduction. Therefore decrease body weight can do with only increasing coconut oil into the food. MCFA to coconut oil mail directly to heart are transformed into energy instead of inside the body as fat network.
Diabetes sufferer as good it avoiding consumption all fats, except coconut oil, because it get help stabilize blood glucose rate and help lessen excess body weight. Not extreme if reputedly that coconut oil is as good oil it eaten diabetes sufferer.
Ulcer and Constipation
Some of the ulcers are usually caused by Herpes virus simplex type 2. It will attack when the person's immunity is low such as during fever, cold, diabetes, when menstruating, stress and others, while constipation is caused by lack water, fiber, drug/chemical reaction, incorrect toilet habit, cancer of the intestine, after operation or pregnancy.
Generally by taking Virgin Coconut Oil it will ease the pain, besides reducing inflammation and swelling of the ulcer sufferer. The high content of lauric and capric acid in virgin coconut oil (with antimicrobial characteristics) help to enhance the body's resistance besides acting as an antibiotic in the body. For those suffering from constipation, Virgin Coconut Oil can ease the bowel and help to treat internal wound such as pile.
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100% Natural
Packaging: 500 grams 60 capsules/ box
40 Points about Wheat grass & its Nutritional Values
1. Wheatgrass Juice is one of the best sources of living chlorophyll available.
2. Chlorophyll is the first product of light and, therefore, contains more light energy than any other element.
3. Wheatgrass juice is a crude chlorophyll and can be taken orally and as a colon implant without toxic side effects.
4. Chlorophyll is the basis of all plant life.
5. Wheatgrass is high in oxygen like all green plants that contain chlorophyll. The brain and all body tissues function at an optimal level in a highly-oxygenated environment.
6. Chlorophyll is anti-bacterial and can be used inside and outside the body as a healer.
7. Dr. Bernard Jensen says that it only takes minutes to digest wheat grass juice and uses up very little body energy.
8. Science has proven that chlorophyll arrests growth and development of unfriendly bacteria.
9. Chlorophyll (wheatgrass) rebuilds the bloodstream. Studies of various animals have shown chlorophyll to be free of any toxic reaction. The red cell count was returned to normal within 4 to 5 days of the administration of chlorophyll, even in those animals which were known to be extremely anemic or low in red cell count.
10. Farmers in the Midwest who have sterile cows and bulls put them on wheat grass to restore fertility. (The high magnesium content in chlorophyll builds enzymes that restore the sex hormones.)
11. Chlorophyll can be extracted from many plants, but wheatgrass is superior because it has been found to have over 100 elements needed by man. If grown in organic soil, it absorbs 92 of the known 102 minerals from the soil.
12. Wheatgrass has what is called the grass-juice factor, which has been shown to keep herbivorous animals alive indefinitely.
13. Dr. Ann Wigmore and institutes based on her teachings has been helping people get well from chronic disorders for 30 years using wheatgrass. 14. Liquid chlorophyll gets into the tissues, refines them and makes them over.
15. Wheatgrass Juice is a superior detoxification agent compared to carrot juice and other fruits and vegetables. Dr Earp-Thomas, associate of Ann Wigmore, says that 15 pounds of Wheatgrass is the equivalent of 350 pounds of carrot, lettuce, celery, and so forth.
16. Liquid chlorophyll washes drug deposits from the body.
17. Chlorophyll neutralizes toxins in the body.
18. Chlorophyll helps purify the liver.
19. Chlorophyll improves blood sugar problems.
20. In the American Journal of Surgery (1940), Benjamin Gruskin, M.D. recommends chlorophyll for its antiseptic benefits. The article suggests the following clinical uses for chlorophyll: to clear up foul smelling odors, neutralize Strep infections, heal wounds, hasten skin grafting, cure chronic sinusitis, overcome chronic inner-ear inflammation and infection, reduce varicose veins and heal leg ulcers, eliminate impetigo and other scabby eruptions, heal rectal sores, successfully treat inflammation of the uterine cervix, get rid of parasitic vaginal infections, reduce typhoid fever, and cure advanced pyorrhea in many cases.
21. Wheatgrass Juice cures acne and even help to remove scars after it has been ingested for seven to eight months. The diet must be improved at the same time.
22. Wheatgrass juice acts as a detergent in the body and is used as a body deodorant.
23. A small amount of wheatgrass juice in the human diet helps prevents tooth decay.
24. Wheatgrass juice held in the mouth for 5 minutes will help eliminate toothaches. It pulls poisons from the gums.
25. Gargle Wheat grass Juice for a sore throat.
26. Drink Wheatgrass Juice for skin problems such as eczema or psoriasis.
27. Wheat grass Juice keeps the hair from graying.
28. Pyorrhea of the mouth: lay pulp of wheatgrass soaked in juice on diseased area in mouth or chew wheat grass, spitting out the pulp.
29. By taking Wheat grass Juice, one may feel a difference in strength, endurance, health, and spirituality, and experience a sense of well-being.
30. Wheatgrass juice improves the digestion.
31. Wheat grass juice is high in enzymes.
32. Wheatgrass juice is an excellent skin cleanser and can be absorbed through the skin for nutrition. Pour green juice over your body in a tub of warm water and soak for 15 to 20 minutes. Rinse off with cold water.
33. Wheatgrass implants (enemas) are great for healing and detoxifying the colon walls. The implants also heal and cleanse the internal organs. After an enema, wait 20 minutes, then implant 4 ounces of wheatgrass juice. Retain for 20 minutes.
34. Wheatgrass juice is great for constipation and keeping the bowels open. It is high in magnesium.
35. Dr. Birscher, a research scientist, called chlorophyll "concentrated sun power." He said, "chlorophyll increases the function of the heart, affects the vascular system, the intestines, the uterus, and the lungs."
36. According to Dr. Birscher, nature uses chlorophyll (wheatgrass) as a body cleanser, rebuilder, and neutralizer of toxins.
37. Wheat grass juice can dissolve the scars that are formed in the lungs from breathing acid gasses. The effect of carbon monoxide is minimized since chlorophyll increases hemoglobin production.
38. Wheatgrass Juice reduces high blood pressure and enhances the capillaries.
39. Wheat grass Juice can remove heavy metals from the body.
40. Wheatgrass juice is great for blood disorders of all kinds
HEALTH BENEFITS OF BARLEY
• Promotes cardiovascular health and helps prevent heart diseases.
• Aids in reducing high levels of cholesterol in the body and helps prevent high blood pressure.
• Helps in prevention of stroke (ischemic stroke).
• Helps prevent cancer.
• Aids in the fight against diabetes by providing essential elements needed by diabetic patients.
• Aids in the improvement of Asthmatic condition.
• Provides good supply of iron to organs and may help improve anemic conditions.
• Helps in increasing the numbers of red blood cells in the body and aid in the body's ability to use oxygen.
• Increases stamina or energy level of the body as well as strengthening the immune system.
• Aids in the treatment of gastro-intestinal disorders such as duodenal and colon disorders.
• Promotes a healthy circulatory, digestive, immune and detoxification system of the body.
• May help improve memory and clarity of thought.
• Helps in purifying the blood and liver from toxins and other free radicals by washing it out of the body.
• Helps decrease carbon dioxide in the body.
• Helps in the healing process of wounds, scrapes and sores.
• Helps fight harmful bacteria that might cause infection to wounds and scrapes.
• Helps provide help in the treatment of any inflammation in the body due to its
anti-inflammatory properties.
• Helps in the prevention against gallstone formation.
• Helps fight body odor and bad breath.
• Cleans and deodorizes tissues in the bowel system.
• Promotes better looking skin, hair and nails.
• Helps prevent the dryness of the skin due to aging and promote a youthful looking skin.
• Improves sexual energy
Siesta.
Afuera un calor infernal, y dentro estás atrapado haciendo la digestión con las mas horribles y extrañas pesadillas que el sueño puede ofrecer.
La hora de las brujas no son las 3 am, si no las 16 pm cuando realmente no hay nadie en la calle, bajo un sol abrasador y las chicharras destruyen muros con sus cantos.
//
Nap.
Outside a hellish heat, and inside you are trapped digestion with the most horrible and strange nightmares that sleep can offer.
The time of the witches is not 3 am, but 16:00 when there is really no one on the street, under a scorching sun and the cicadas destroy walls with their songs.
Kopi luwak (Indonesian pronunciation: [ˈkopi ˈlu.aʔ]), or civet coffee, is coffee that includes partially digested coffee cherries, eaten and defecated by the Asian palm civet (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus). Fermentation occurs as the cherries pass through a civet's intestines, and after being defecated with other fecal matter, they are collected.
Kopi luwak is produced mainly on the Indonesian islands of Sumatra, Java, Bali, Sulawesi, and in East Timor. It is also widely gathered in the forest or produced in farms in the islands of the Philippines, where the product is called kape motit in the Cordillera region, kapé alamíd in Tagalog areas, kapé melô or kapé musang in Mindanao, and kahawa kubing in the Sulu Archipelago. Weasel coffee is a loose English translation of its Vietnamese name cà phê Chồn.
Producers of the coffee beans argue that the process may improve coffee through two mechanisms, selection – civets choosing to eat only certain cherries – and digestion – biological or chemical mechanisms in the animal's digestive tract altering the composition of the coffee cherries.
The traditional method of collecting feces from wild civets has given way to intensive farming methods in which civets in battery cage systems are force-fed the cherries. This method of production has raised ethical concerns about the treatment of civets and the horrific conditions they are made to live in, which include isolation, poor diet, small cages and a high mortality rate.
Although kopi luwak is a form of processing rather than a variety of coffee, it has been called one of the most expensive coffees in the world, with retail prices reaching €550 / US$700 per kilogram.
HISTORY
The origin of kopi luwak is closely connected with the history of coffee production in Indonesia. In the early 18th century the Dutch established the cash-crop coffee plantations in their colony in the Dutch East Indies islands of Java and Sumatra, including Arabica coffee introduced from Yemen. During the era of Cultuurstelsel (1830–70), the Dutch prohibited the native farmers and plantation workers from picking coffee fruits for their own use. Still, the native farmers wanted to have a taste of the famed coffee beverage. Soon, the natives learned that certain species of musang or luwak (Asian palm civet) consumed the coffee fruits, yet they left the coffee seeds undigested in their droppings. The natives collected these luwaks' coffee seed droppings, then cleaned, roasted and ground them to make their own coffee beverage. The fame of aromatic civet coffee spread from locals to Dutch plantation owners and soon became their favourite, yet because of its rarity and unusual process, the civet coffee was expensive even during the colonial era.
PRODUCTION
The luak, that's a small catlike animal, gorges after dark on the most ripe, the best of our crop. It digests the fruit and expels the beans, which our farm people collect, wash, and roast, a real delicacy. Something about the natural fermentation that occurs in the luak's stomach seems to make the difference. For Javanese, this is the best of all coffees—our Kopi luak.
— Doyo Soeyono Kertosastro, Indonesian Coffee Farmer, March 1981 National Geographic
Kopi is the Indonesian word for coffee. Luwak is a local name of the Asian palm civet in Sumatra. Palm civets are primarily frugivorous, feeding on berries and pulpy fruits such as figs and palms. Civets also eat small vertebrates, insects, ripe fruits and seeds.
Producers of the coffee beans argue that the process may improve coffee through two mechanisms, selection and digestion. Selection occurs as the civets choose which cherries to eat – i.e. those that are most ripe and flawless. Digestive mechanisms may improve the flavor profile of the coffee beans that have been eaten. The civet eats the cherries for the fleshy pulp, then in the digestive tract, fermentation occurs. The civet's protease enzymes seep into the beans, making shorter peptides and more free amino acids.
Early production began when beans were gathered in the wild from where a civet would defecate as a means to mark its territory. On farms, civets are either caged or allowed to roam within defined boundaries.
Coffee berries are eaten by a civet for their fruit pulp. After spending about a day and a half in the civet's digestive tract the beans are then defecated in clumps, having kept their shape and still covered with some of the fleshy berry's inner layers.
Despite being in contact with feces and pathogenic organisms, the beans contain negligible amounts of the enteric (pathogenic) organisms associated with feces. Moreover, the "cherry" or endocarp surrounding the bean is not completely digested by the luwak, and after being collected, the farmer performs thorough washing and removes the endocarp. The final roasting of the beans would, additionally, eliminate any remaining bacteria.
Sumatra is the world's largest regional producer of kopi luwak. Sumatran civet coffee beans are mostly an early arabica variety cultivated in the Indonesian archipelago since the 17th century. The major Sumatran kopi luwak production area is in Lampung, Bengkulu and Aceh especially the Gayo region, Takengon. Tagalog kape alamid comes from civets fed on a mixture of coffee beans and is sold in the Batangas region along with gift shops near airports in the Philippines.
Vietnam has two farms with 300 wild civets in Dak Lak, while in Mindanao island of the Philippines, has two farms with 200 (in Davao City) and 100 (Iligan City) wild civets. But the archipelago of Indonesia where the famous kopi luwak was first discovered and produced is leading in supplying the world market for almost three centuries, where many small-scale civet farms are proliferating in the countryside.
Several studies have examined the process in which the animal's stomach acids and enzymes digest the beans' covering and ferment the beans. Research by food scientist Massimo Marcone at the University of Guelph in Ontario, Canada showed that the civet's endogenous digestive secretions seep into the beans. These secretions carry proteolytic enzymes which break down the beans' proteins, yielding shorter peptides and more free amino acids. The proteins also undergo non-enzymatic Maillard browning reactions in the later roasting process. Moreover, while inside a civet the beans begin to germinate by malting which also lowers their bitterness. Marcone also conducted an analysis on the volatile compounds which are responsible for the coffee's flavour and aroma, showing that there are significant differences from regular coffee. He concluded that:
Protein structure had been altered, reducing bitterness and potentially impacting flavour.
Volatile compounds had significant differences compared to regular coffee, indicating there are changes in flavour.
According to Dr. Davila Cortes, the altered protein structure degrades the effectiveness of the coffee as a diuretic.
TASTE
Few objective assessments of taste are available. Kopi luwak is a name for any beans collected from the excrement of civets, hence the taste may vary with the type and origin of beans ingested, processing subsequent to collection, roasting, aging and brewing. The ability of the civet to select its berries, and other aspects of the civet's diet and health (e.g. stress levels) may also influence the processing and hence taste.
In the coffee industry, kopi luwak is widely regarded as a gimmick or novelty item. The Specialty Coffee Association of America (SCAA) states that there is a "general consensus within the industry ... it just tastes bad". A coffee professional cited in the SCAA article was able to compare the same beans with and without the kopi luwak process using a rigorous coffee cupping evaluation. He concluded: "it was apparent that Luwak coffee sold for the story, not superior quality...Using the SCAA cupping scale, the Luwak scored two points below the lowest of the other three coffees. It would appear that the Luwak processing diminishes good acidity and flavor and adds smoothness to the body, which is what many people seem to note as a positive to the coffee.”
Tim Carman, food writer for the Washington Post reviewed kopi luwak available to US consumers and concluded "It tasted just like...Folgers. Stale. Lifeless. Petrified dinosaur droppings steeped in bathtub water. I couldn't finish it."
Some critics claim more generally that kopi luwak is simply bad coffee, purchased for novelty rather than taste. Massimo Marcone, who performed extensive chemical tests on the beans, was unable to conclude if anything about their properties made them superior for purposes of making coffee. He employed several professional coffee tasters (called "cuppers") in a blind taste test. While the cuppers were able to distinguish the kopi luwak as distinct from the other samples, they had nothing remarkable to appraise about it other than it was less acidic and had less body, tasting "thin". Marcone remarked "It's not that people are after that distinct flavor. They are after the rarity of the coffee".
IMITATION
Several commercial processes attempt to replicate the digestive process of the civets without animal involvement.
Researchers with the University of Florida have been issued with a patent for one such process. Brooklyn-based food startup Afineur has also developed a patented fermentation technology that reproduces some of the taste aspects of Kopi Luwak while improving coffee bean taste and nutritional profile.
Vietnamese companies sell an imitation kopi luwak, made using an enzyme soak which they claim replicates the civet's digestive process.
Imitation has several motivations. The high price of kopi luwak drives the search for a way to produce kopi luwak in large quantities. Kopi luwak production involves a great deal of labour, whether farmed or wild-gathered. The small production quantity and the labor involved in production contribute to the coffee's high cost. Imitation may be a response to the decrease in the civet population.
ANIMAL WELFARE
Initially, civet coffee beans were picked from wild civet excrement found around coffee plantations. This unusual process contributed to its rarity and subsequently its high price. More recently, growing numbers of intensive civet "farms" have been established and operated across Southeast Asia, confining tens of thousands of animals to live in battery cages and be force-fed. Concerns were raised over the safety of civet coffee after evidence suggested that the SARS virus originated from palm civets.
'"The conditions are awful, much like battery chickens", said Chris Shepherd, deputy regional director of the conservation NGO, TRAFFIC south-east Asia. "The civets are taken from the wild and have to endure horrific conditions. They fight to stay together but they are separated and have to bear a very poor diet in very small cages. There is a high mortality rate and for some species of civet, there's a real conservation risk. It's spiralling out of control. But there's not much public awareness of how it's actually made. People need to be aware that tens of thousands of civets are being kept in these conditions. It would put people off their coffee if they knew"'.
A 2013 investigation by People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) Asia found wild-caught civets on farms in Indonesia and the Philippines. The animals were deprived of exercise, a proper diet, and space. Video footage from the investigation shows abnormal behaviours such as repeated pacing, circling, or biting the bars of their cages. The animals often lose their fur. A BBC investigation revealed similar findings.
Tony Wild, the coffee executive responsible for bringing kopi luwak to the Western world, has stated he no longer supports using kopi luwak due to animal cruelty and launched a campaign called "Cut the Crap" to halt the use of kopi luwak.
Farmers using caged civets in Takengon, north Sumatra, confirmed to the BBC that they supplied kopi luwak beans to exporters whose produce ends up in Europe and Asia.
Intensive farming is also criticised by traditional farmers because the civets do not select what they eat, so the cherries which are fed to them in order to flavor the coffee are of poor quality compared to those beans collected from the wild. According to an officer from the TRAFFIC conservation programme, the trade in civets to make kopi luwak may constitute a significant threat to wild civet populations.
PRICE AND AVAILABILITY
Kopi luwak is one of the most expensive coffees in the world, selling for between US$100 and $500 per pound in 2010. The specialty Vietnamese weasel coffee, which is made by collecting coffee beans eaten by wild civets, is sold at US$500 per kilogram. Most customers are Asian, especially those originating from Japan, China and South Korea. Sources vary widely as to annual worldwide production.
The price of farmed (considered low-grade by connoisseurs) kopi luwak in large Indonesian supermarkets is from US$100 per kilogram (five times the price of a high quality local arabica coffee).
The price paid to collectors in the Philippines is closer to US$20 per kilogram.
Some specialty coffee shops sell cups of brewed kopi luwak for US$35–80.
AUTHENTICITY AND FRAUD
Investigations by PETA and the BBC found fraud to be rife in the kopi luwak industry, with producers willing to label coffee from caged civets with a "wild sourced" or similar label.
Genuine kopi luwak from wild civets is difficult to purchase in Indonesia and proving it is not fake is very difficult – there is little enforcement regarding use of the name "kopi luwak", and there's even a local cheap coffee brand named "Luwak", which costs under US$3 per kilogram but is occasionally sold online under the guise of real kopi luwak.
VARIATIONS
There are reports of a kopi luwak type process occurring naturally with muntjac and birds. Bat coffee is another variation that is in demand. Bats feed on the ripest coffee and fruits and spit out the seeds. These seeds are dried and processed to make coffee with a slight fruity flavor.
IN CULTURE
In the movie The Bucket List, billionaire health care magnate Edward Cole enjoys drinking kopi luwak, but is unaware of how it is produced. Carter Chambers explains how civets defecate kopi luwak coffee beans and that its gastric juices give the unique aroma to this coffee.
WIKIPEDIA
Twenty Reasons Why Porridge Is The Ultimate Health Food........
My original 'Porridge' photo has atracted over 21,000 views. Thought I would repost the original text again but with another 'porridge' photo.
I must have my porridge every morning, summer and winter.
Good for you, plus keeps the tummy satisfied all morning.
Swirls of pure Canadian maple syrup all over the top...oh! so yummy!
Join me on facebook at: www.facebook.com/sirwiseowl/
Twenty reasons why porridge is the ultimate health food........
(I'm not sure why reason # 1 is at the top of this list. #20 comes first with me at my age! Alas, a cup of tea is more appealing when I first wake up in the morning. Then I'm wide awake so bound out of bed to prepare and enjoy my porridge)
1. IMPROVES SEX LIFE
Porridge oats can boost libido by helping to re-balance testosterone and oestrogen in the body. Testosterone drives sexual desire in both sexes. Men with low testosterone levels go off sex.
2. GOOD FOR HANGOVERS
Oats neutralise acidity levels in the body and help absorb toxins. Since a hangover is the result of the "poisonous" effects of alcohol, a bowl of porridge might help relieve the symptoms.
Porridge also contains one of the highest levels of soluble fibre of any cereal. Soluble fibre is essential for healthy digestion. Since alcohol depletes sugar levels, the slow-releasing carbohydrates in porridge help redress this.
3. HELPS QUIT SMOKING
Compounds in oats can help calm the nervous system and reduce the craving for nicotine.
4. HEALS THE SKIN
Bathing in oat-based solutions can help problem skin. Anecdotal evidence suggests that the anti-inflammatory compounds in porridge oats can help conditions such as psoriasis and eczema. Fill a sock or stocking with porridge oats and place in water for 20 minutes while bathing.
5. FIGHTS INFECTION
Of all the cereals, porridge has the best proportion of protein needed for growth and repair in the body and to help boost the immune system.
6. FIGHTS HEART DISEASE
Many studies have shown that eating fibre-rich food such as porridge reduces the risk of heart disease. But scientists in the U.S. found that porridge contains avenanthramides - chemicals that stop blood cells sticking to artery walls, preventing the fatty deposits that cause heart disease.
7. REDUCES DIABETES RISK SLOWLY
Digested foods such as porridge might cut the risk of developing non-insulin dependent diabetes by absorbing sugar from the gut and cutting the need for large quantities of insulin to be released.
8. HELPS CONCENTRATION
The slow releasing complex carbohydrates in oats sustain energy levels, allowing full concentration to be maintained. Complex carbohydrates also stabilise and raise blood sugar levels.
9. BEATS DEPRESSION
Porridge is high in Vitamin B6, which promotes the brain chemical serotonin. High levels of serotonin are associated with feelings of well-being and also aid relaxation and restful sleep. Levels of serotonin dip when sunlight is limited - i.e. during winter - and can lead to the depressive condition Seasonal Affective Disorder.
10. BOOTS ENERGY
Porridge oats are high in complex carbohydrates and soluble fibre, which means they release energy slowly. A bowl of porridge should provide all the energy you need until lunchtime.
11. CUTS CHILDHOOD OBESITY
A study of 10,000 children by researchers at New York's Columbia University found that among those who regularly ate whole-oat products, the proportion of overweight children almost halved.
Researchers at Oxford Brookes University also found that those eating foods with a low glycaemic index (GI), such as porridge, were less likely to binge on sugary snacks. Foods with a low GI rating release glucose into the body more slowly and evenly, leaving you feeling fuller for longer.
12. LOWERS CHOLESTEROL
Porridge is rich in soluble fibre, which has been shown to lower blood cholesterol. High cholesterol occurs when fat builds up and constricts the arteries, reducing blood flow to the heart. Eating oats can improve blood flow and bind to cholesterol in the gut, aiding its removal from the body. Scientists think the cholesterol-lowering effects of oats are due to the oat soluble fibre beta-glucan.
13. PREVENTS CONSTIPATION
High-fibre foods such as porridge increase the movement of food through the digestive tract.
This increased bowel action provides a good environment for beneficial bacteria in the gut to ferment while decreasing levels of destructive bacteria.
14. FIGHTS OSTEOPOROSIS
Porridge oats are blended with milk, making an excellent source of calcium which is essential for bone health. Lack of calcium can lead to osteoporosis, which involves a loss of bone density and can make bones fragile.
15. CAN HELP DIETING
Porridge oats are 100 per cent natural, with no added sugar, salt or additives, and are naturally low in calories. An average bowl of porridge made with water contains 171 calories.
16. GOOD FOR PREGNANT WOMEN
Porridge is a source of folic acid. Studies have shown that taking folic acid from before conception until the 12th week of pregnancy can reduce the chances of having a baby with spina bifida. Pregnant women need 400mcg of folic acid a day.
17. FIGHTS CANCER
Oats are rich in the antioxidant vitamin E, which protects the body from the damaging free radicals that can cause cancer. A diet high in soluble fibre foods such as porridge oats might also help reduce the chances of developing bowel, colon and breast cancer.
18. CONTAINS ESSENTIAL MINERALS
Porridge is a good source of manganese, which is essential in allowing the body to produce energy as well as helping to build bones and connective tissue. It also contains zinc, which is needed for normal growth, sexual development and reproduction, and a healthy immune system.
19. REDUCES BLOOD PRESSURE
A daily serving of oats can improve blood pressure control and reduce the need for anti-hypertensive medication, according to U.S. researchers - 73 per cent of those fed a wholegrain oat-based cereal (containing 3g of soluble fibre) stopped or reduced their blood pressure medication by half.
20. COULD HELP LONG LIFE
Britain's longest living man, David Henderson, from Montrose, Scotland, who died in 1998 at 109, attributed his age and good health to a daily bowl of porridge. This could be because the lipids present in oats contain a good balance of essential fatty acids which have been linked to longevity and general good health.
Research by: Angela Epstein
I wonder if that aids with digestion?
Muskrat
Ondatra zibethicus
Red Clay Creek
Ashland Nature Center
Delaware Nature Society
New Castle County, Delaware USA
Sony a7 IV (ILCE-7M4)
Sony FE 200-600mm f/5.6-6.3 G OSS Lens
Sony 1.4x Teleconverter
4 May 2023
#1stPixAshlandNatureCenter
Phil's 1stPix Instagram Phil's 1stpix Instagram
La gigotea elegante[3] (Trachemys scripta elegans), también conocida como galápago de Florida,[4] [5] o tortuga de orejas rojas, es una subespecie de tortuga semiacuática perteneciente a la familia Emydidae, originaria de la región que comprende el sureste de los Estados Unidos y el noreste de México,[6] aunque en la actualidad se encuentra en muchas otras partes del mundo gracias a su comercio como mascota.
Se les llama tortugas japonesas, a pesar de que no son originarias de Japón. Se piensa que se les pudo asignar este nombre debido a que dentro del ojo tiene una pequeña raya horizontal negra, que les da la apariencia de tener los ojos rasgados.[cita requerida]
Esta especie se ha convertido en la tortuga más comercializada del mercado[7] y en una de las mascotas más populares en los últimos años,[8] debido entre otros factores a que su cuidado es relativamente sencillo. Se ha vuelto muy popular en numerosos países.
Contenido [ocultar]
1 Taxonomía
2 Anatomía
2.1 Dimorfismo sexual
3 Distribución y hábitat
4 Comportamiento
4.1 Hibernación
4.2 Reproducción
5 Cuidados en cautiverio
5.1 Dieta
5.2 Hábitat
5.3 Enfermedades
5.3.1 Caparazón
5.3.2 Ojos
5.3.3 Respiratorias
5.3.4 Digestivas
5.3.5 Ansiedad y estrés
6 Referencias
7 Véase también
8 Enlaces externos
Taxonomía [editar]La tortuga de orejas rojas es un reptil perteneciente a la orden de los Testudines, conformada por cerca de 250 especies de tortugas. Es una subespecie de la Trachemys scripta. Antiguamente, estas tortugas eran clasificadas con el nombre de Chrysemys scripta elegans.
Anatomía [editar]El caparazón de esta especie puede alcanzar hasta los 30 cm de longitud, aunque se han encontrado ejemplares de más de 40 cm, pero en promedio miden de 12 a 20 cm.[9] Las hembras suelen ser un poco más grandes que los machos. Llegan a vivir entre 20 y 30 años, algunas tortugas incluso llegando a vivir más de 40.[10] Al estar en cautiverio su vida suele ser más corta.[6] La calidad del hábitat en el que se encuentren también influye en su esperanza y calidad de vida.
La tortuga puede retraer su cabeza y sus miembros dentro del caparazón si se encuentra en peligro.Las tortugas japonesas son reptiles, por lo tanto son poiquilotermas, es decir, son animales de sangre fría, por lo que no pueden controlar por sí solos la temperatura de su cuerpo, así que dependen por completo de la temperatura del ambiente.[8] Es por esto que necesitan tomar continuamente baños de sol para calentarse y mantener su temperatura interna. Si no logran mantenerse por encima de un umbral mínimo de temperatura, es posible que no puedan realizar su digestión y defecación con normalidad.
Su caparazón se compone de dos secciones: la superior, conocida como caparazón dorsal, y la inferior, también llamada caparazón ventral.[8] En la superior se encuentra un escudo vertebral, que es la parte central del mismo y generalmente está un poco más levantada; un escudo costal, que se encuentra a ambos lados del escudo vertebral, está conformada por varias placas óseas y es la parte principal del caparazón; y un escudo marginal, que es el borde del caparazón y rodea completamente al escudo costal.[11] La parte inferior es llamada plastrón o pecho y cubre toda la parte baja de la tortuga. El caparazón puede ser de diferentes colores. En las tortugas más jóvenes o recién nacidas, es de color verde hoja, y conforme van creciendo se oscurece un poco hasta volverse de un verde muy oscuro, para más tarde tomar un tono entre café y oliva. El plastrón siempre es de color amarillo claro. Todo el escudo está cubierto con rayas y manchas que en la naturaleza le ayudan a camuflarse mejor.
La tortuga además cuenta con un sistema óseo complejo, con cuatro miembros semipalmeados que le ayudan a nadar y que pueden salir del caparazón o retraerse en él, al igual que la cola. Su cabeza de la misma forma puede introducirse completamente dentro del caparazón. El nombre de esta especie, tortuga de orejas rojas, se debe a las dos manchas de color rojo ladrillo que se localizan en la parte posterior de sus ojos, en la posición donde se encontrarían las orejas, aunque estas manchas se van decolorando con el paso del tiempo.[6] Algunos individuos también pueden tener una pequeña mancha de este color en la parte superior de la cabeza. En realidad la tortuga japonesa no tiene orejas, para la audición cuenta con unas membranas timpánicas.
Los principales órganos internos del animal son los pulmones, el corazón, el estómago, el hígado, el intestino y la vejiga, además del ano y de la cola que son órganos externos muy importantes, en el caso de la cola porque junto con las patas le ayuda a dirigirse mientras nada.
Dimorfismo sexual [editar]
Tortuga japonesa macho. Nótense las largas uñas de la pata delantera.Esta especie presenta dimorfismo sexual, esto quiere decir que el macho y la hembra tienen características físicas distintas uno de otro.
Cuando son jóvenes, todas las tortugas japonesas son prácticamente iguales independientemente de su sexo, por lo que es casi imposible determinarlo. Cuando pasan a ser adultas (en el caso de los machos cuando su caparazón mide unos 10 cm, y en el de las hembras, cuando mide unos 15), es mucho más fácil distinguir el género. Normalmente, el macho es más pequeño que la hembra, aunque este parámetro en ocasiones es difícil de aplicar ya que se podrían estar comparando individuos de diferentes edades. Los machos tienen las uñas de las patas delanteras mucho más largas que las de las hembras, lo que le ayuda a sujetarse mejor a ella durante el apareamiento y sirven durante la danza del cortejo. La cola del macho también es más gruesa y larga, y la cloaca, que se encuentra en la cola, está más alejada del cuerpo. La parte inferior del caparazón o plastrón del macho está ligeramente curvado hacia adentro, es decir, es cóncavo, mientras que el de la hembra es totalmente plano. Esto también le ayuda al macho durante el apareamiento para poder adaptarse mejor al caparazón de la hembra. También se dice que los machos tienen las manchas rojas más grandes y de un color más brillante. La apariencia de las hembras es prácticamente la misma durante toda su vida.
Tanto macho como hembra alcanzan la madurez sexual a los 5 ó 6 años de edad, pero si se crían en cautiverio, no hibernan y se alimentan abundantemente, crecen con mayor rapidez que en la naturaleza y por lo tanto maduran antes, pero aun así deben pasar al menos unos años para que alcancen plena madurez.
Distribución y hábitat [editar]Las tortugas japonesas son originarias geográficamente del área que rodea al río Misisipi, llegando hasta el golfo de México. Se desarrollan en climas cálidos, particularmente en el cuadrante sudeste de los Estados Unidos. Tal área comprende desde el sureste de Colorado hasta Virginia y Florida. Habitan naturalmente en zonas donde haya alguna fuente de agua tranquila y templada. Estas zonas acuáticas pueden ser estanques, lagos, pantanos, riachuelos, arroyos o ríos con corrientes lentas. El área donde habitan es por lo general pacífica con alguna sección donde puedan salir del agua a descansar, como algunas rocas grandes o troncos, en donde se colocan para recibir buenas cantidades de rayos de sol. Es común que varias tortugas japonesas se coloquen juntas para tomar el sol, incluso unas encimas de otras. Deben tener cerca abundante vegetación acuática, que es el componente principal de la dieta de los ejemplares adultos. Las tortugas salvajes siempre se mantendrán cerca de la fuente de agua donde habitan a menos que estén buscando una nueva o, en el caso de las hembras, que tengan que poner sus huevos en la época de reproducción.
El comercio como mascotas y el posterior abandono de ejemplares por parte de sus dueños ha expandido esta especie y se considera invasora fuera de su área de distribución natural. Causa impactos negativos en los ecosistemas que ocupa, principalmente por su voracidad y su caracter omnívoro que la convierten en depredador de numerosas especies de invertebrados y pequeños vertebrados así como plantas acuáticas, la capacidad de transmitir enfermedades y el desplazamiento de otras especies de galápagos con los que comparten dieta y espacios de cría, como el galápago leproso o el galápago europeo en la Península Ibérica.[12]
Comportamiento [editar]
Las tortugas japonesas deben tomar baños de sol constantemente para regular su temperatura.Las tortugas japonesas son casi completamente acuáticas, pero a veces dejan el agua para descansar y tomar el sol, ya que como tienen sangre fría, necesitan tomar estos baños de sol para regular su temperatura.
Estos reptiles son excelentes nadadores. Durante el día buscan presas para alimentarse e intentan capturarlas. Suelen estar alerta de los depredadores y de la gente y generalmente se asustan y huyen de ellos. Las tortugas suelen lanzarse frenéticamente de las rocas o de donde estén mientras descansan si alguien potencialmente peligroso se acerca a ellas. Durante el día, acostumbran salir del agua, tomar el sol hasta que estén secas y calientes, después se zambullen de nuevo y se refrescan, y vuelven a salir del agua para tomar el sol.
Hibernación [editar]Las tortugas de orejas rojas pueden hibernar en el fondo de estanques o lagos poco profundos durante los meses de invierno.[11] Durante esta época, con el frío, las tortugas entran en un estado de sopor denominado precisamente hibernación, durante el cual dejan de comer y defecar, prácticamente no se mueven y su frecuencia de respiración se reduce.
Una tortuga de orejas rojas tomando el sol. Al extender sus patas traseras absorbe calor más rápidamente.No se recomienda dejar hibernar a ejemplares que no superen los 5 cm de largo, y sólo deben hacerlo si tuvieron una alimentación y cuidados adecuados durante los meses previos.[11] Si se tiene un ejemplar que fue adquirido recientemente, no se le debe dejar hibernar porque no se conocen los cuidados que pudo tener antes de que se consiguiera, aunque su aspecto sea bueno. Una tortuga demasiado joven, que esté enferma o que no esté bien nutrida podría no soportar el ayuno que conlleva esta hibernación y morir.
Si se quiere poner a hibernar a una tortuga, se necesita un cubo o recipiente con agua, pero no demasiada ya que la tortuga debe poder sacar la cabeza de ella para respirar. Si se colocara demasiada agua, o bien la hibernación no se llevara a cabo correctamente, la tortuga podría morir. Se debe dejar este recipiente en un lugar oscuro, frío y tranquilo. El agua también debe estar fría, entre los 5 y 10 °C. También es posible dejar hibernar a la tortuga en su estanque, pero conlleva un mayor riesgo para la salud del animal, ya que podría esconderse en un lugar fuera del alcance del dueño y si le sucediera algo malo, no se podría actuar.
Si la tortuga vive normalmente en el exterior pero no se desea que hiberne, entonces hay que trasladarla a un acuario interior para que pase ahí el invierno, y cuando la temperatura del ambiente vuelva a aumentar se puede regresar a su estanque del jardín.
Reproducción [editar]El cortejo y las actividades que conlleva el apareamiento ocurren entre marzo y julio, y se llevan a cabo bajo el agua. Durante el cortejo, el macho nada alrededor de la hembra y comienza a sacudir o batir sus extremidades delanteras frente a la cara de la hembra, aparentemente tratando de acariciarla. La hembra continuará nadando hacia el macho y si acepta su proposición, comenzarán el apareamiento. Si no acepta, puede hasta iniciar una pelea con el macho. El cortejo puede durar sólo 45 minutos, pero el apareamiento en sí normalmente lleva 3 horas.
Pareja de tortugas japonesas.En ocasiones un macho aparentemente estará cortejando a otro macho. Esto en realidad es un signo de predominio y los machos pueden empezar a luchar. Las tortugas jóvenes pueden llevar a cabo la danza de cortejo, pero hasta que no cumplen los 5 años de edad no han madurado sexualmente[13] y son incapaces de aparearse.
Después del apareamiento, la hembra pasará más tiempo tomando el sol con el fin de mantener calientes a los huevos.[13] Puede presentar un cambio de dieta, comiendo únicamente ciertos alimentos o no comiendo tanto como normalmente haría.[13] Esto es normal, pero se le debe seguir ofrecer comida durante el embarazo y tal vez ofrecerle diferentes alimentos a los acostumbrados. El periodo de gestación promedio es de dos meses, pero si la hembra no encuentra un lugar adecuado para colocar sus huevos, puede durar más. Una hembra puede poner de 2 a 20 huevos. Además puede tener varias puestas en una misma temporada de apareamiento. Dependiendo de varios factores, cada puesta se distanciará de dos a cuatro semanas de las otras. Durante las dos últimas semanas de gestación, la hembra pasará menos tiempo en el agua, olfateando y escarbando en la tierra. Esto indica que está buscando un lugar apropiado para poner sus huevos. Si se tiene en cautiverio, se puede poner a la hembra en un embalse con unas 4 pulgadas de tierra para que haga la puesta. Es aconsejable no retirar los huevos del lugar donde hayan sido enterrados, pero si se deseara o fuera necesario hay que hacerlo con mucho cuidado para no romperlos y colocarlos en su nueva localización de la misma forma en que estaban dispuestos en el nido original (es decir, no ponerlos boca abajo, sino con la misma cara hacia arriba). Para hacer el nido, la tortuga excavará cuidadosamente un hoyo en el sitio elegido con sus patas traseras y depositará ahí sus huevos.[14]
Los huevos, que tienen una textura un tanto rugosa, nacerán de 80 a 85 días después de que fueron enterrados. La tortuga abrirá el cascarón con el diente de huevo que se le cae una hora después de haber nacido y nunca vuelve a crecer. Si la tortuga no se siente segura, permanecerá dentro del cascarón después de abrirlo por uno o dos días más. Si son forzadas a salir del cascarón antes de que estén listas, regresarán a él si les es posible. Cuando decidan abandonar el cascarón, tendrán un pequeño saco pegado a su barriga. Este contiene los residuos de lo que le sirvió para alimentarse durante el periodo de incubación y no debe ser removido. Hacerlo podría ser fatal para el recién nacido. El saco se cae solo, y cuando sucede se puede notar una pequeña herida en el caparazón de la tortuga. Ésta sanará por sí misma también y no necesita ser tratada.
Cuidados en cautiverio [editar]Las tortugas japonesas suelen ser conservadas como mascotas. A menudo son vendidas a precios bajos junto con pequeños tazones de plástico, y pueden ser adquiridas por los niños, pero requieren cuidados específicos y muy meticulosos. Estas tortugas pueden vivir varias décadas con los cuidados adecuados, así que la posesión de una tortuga no es un asunto que deba tomarse a la ligera.
Los reptiles son portadores asintomáticos de las bacterias del género Salmonella. Las tortugas muchas veces vienen infectadas con la bacteria conocida como salmonella.[15] Esto genera preocupaciones justificables, dadas las numerosas referencias de infecciones en humana vinculadas al manejo de tortugas [16] que ha motivado restricciones a su comercialización en EE.UU.. Para muchos cuidadores, mantener la higiene básica reduce enormemente el riesgo de cualquier tipo de infección en la mayoría de los casos. El potencial riesgo en la salud es otra razón por la que los niños no deberían tener contacto con las tortugas de orejas rojas o ser sus cuidadores principales. Si bien, contienen la bacteria de salmonellosis, no es muy preocupante si se tienen las medidas de higiene mínimas. La salmonellosis sólo afecta a niños menores de 5 años y a personas de la tercera edad, principalmente por sus defensas bajas o no desarrolladas. Aunque la realidad es muy distinta, ya que es igual de probable contagiarse de salmonella por un perro o gato que contraerla únicamente por una tortuga[cita requerida]. Las tortugas de orejas rojas son excelentes mascotas para adolescentes de 12 a 19 años, ya que corren un mínimo riesgo de contraer salmonella, influyendo de manera positiva en su vida cotidiana. Las tortugas de orejas rojas no son mascotas muy recomendables para niños menores de 5 años.
Dieta [editar]
Dibujo del siglo XIX de una tortuga japonesa.Las tortugas japonesas son omnívoras[15] y se les pueden proporcionar una gran variedad de alimentos diferentes incluyendo plantas y otros animales. Esta gama de comida incluye el alimento prefabricado que venden en cualquier tienda de mascotas, algunas plantas acuáticas, vegetales, insectos, peces y a veces algún premio como camarón o fruta, así como un suplemento vitamínico ocasional. El calcio (necesario para la salud del caparazón) también es importante y debe ser administrado como parte de la dieta.[17] Se les puede dar a través del llamado hueso de jibia o de sepia, que les ayuda a recibir esta dosis fundamental de calcio y al mismo tiempo a afilar sus labios (al no tener dientes, utilizan los labios para partir su comida). El hueso de sepia puede dejarse flotando libremente sobre el agua y esperar a que lo atrapen. Estos huesos, formados por el pequeño molusco marino llamado jibia, se consiguen en la sección de aves de cualquier tienda de animales, ya que éstas los usan también para afilar sus picos. La dieta primaria de una tortuga de orejas rojas debe consistir en el alimento fabricado comercialmente, del que hay muchos tipos y variedades.
Las tortugas más jóvenes tienden a ser carnívoras[8] (comen más proteína animal), y cuando crecen se vuelven más herbívoras. Cuando tienen menos de 3 años, necesitan recibir muchas proteínas pues están en una etapa crucial de su crecimiento. En la naturaleza suelen alimentarse de grillos, caracoles de agua, gupis, lombrices de tierra y otros pequeños animales, que si se les pueden proporcionar en cautiverio, es mucho mejor.[17] Estos pequeños animales pueden ser criados en casa o se pueden conseguir en cualquier tienda especializada en reptiles. En cuanto a la carne, es conveniente ofrecérsela cruda .También se les puede ofrecer pescado, procurando que sea apto para el consumo humano. También se les puede suministrar artemia viva, que mantendrá activas a las tortugas a la hora de cazarla. Los camarones comerciales (también llamados gammarus) deshidratados pueden dárseles ocasionalmente, pero no deben tomarse como la base de su dieta. Se les pueden ofrecer frutas (ocasionalmente), siempre y cuando no sean ácidas, y vegetales, pero debe tenerse cuidado con la lechuga pues si ingieren demasiada actuará como laxante.
La frecuencia con que deben ser alimentadas depende especialmente de su edad. Mientras más pequeña sea, con más frecuencia se les debe dar de comer (hasta tres veces al día). A los ejemplares adultos se les puede proporcionar alimento 1 vez al día, 6 días a la semana. En cuanto a las raciones, lo mejor es darle alimento hasta que se rehúse a comer más, para asegurarse de que quede satisfecha.
Las tortugas necesitan estar en el agua para tragar la comida ya que no producen saliva. Pueden tomar alimentos que estén en tierra pero se los llevarán dentro del agua para consumirlos. Además, conviene alimentar a la tortuga en un contenedor separado pues esto propicia un hábitat más limpio que requerirá menos mantenimiento y cambios de agua menos frecuentes. Hacer esto crea un ambiente más saludable para las tortugas japonesas.
Cuando la temperatura del ambiente está por debajo de los 10 °C (50 °F), las tortugas pueden hibernar y no comen. Cuando está entre los 10 °C y los 20 °C (68 °F), pueden ser alimentadas una vez al día. Cuando se encuentra entre los 20 °C y los 30 °C (86 °F), se les puede dar de comer 2 ó 3 veces al día. Las tortugas de orejas rojas necesitan mucho alimento en los días de verano en que la temperatura supera los 30 °C.
Hábitat [editar]
Es importante colocar un área de descanso fuera del agua para las tortugas.La tortuga debe conservarse en un acuario o tortuguera u otro recinto siempre en proporción a su tamaño. El tamaño del tanque es el primer aspecto sumamente importante que hay que tomar en cuenta. Una pauta usada por muchas personas para determinar el tamaño adecuado del tanque es, como mínimo, 10 galones de agua por cada pulgada de longitud del caparazón (15 litros por cada centímetro). De esta forma, un solo adulto de esta especie requerirá entre 90 y 120 galones (unos 400 litros) de agua en su tanque. El nivel de agua debe ser tan alto como sea posible, pero no lo suficiente como para que escapen.
Es necesario que haya suficiente agua en su recinto. No obstante, para las tortugas más jóvenes el nivel del agua les debe permitir pararse y alcanzar el tope del agua con la cabeza, si no llegaran a la superficie estirando el cuello podrían ahogarse por no poder salir a respirar. Aunque puede ser que la tortuga no quiera nadar al principio, aprenderá muy rápidamente. La filtración y calidad del agua también son aspectos importantes en un ambiente bien mantenido. El agua limpia reduce en gran medida la aparición de infecciones y el crecimiento de algas y hongos. La presencia y el desarrollo de bacterias dañinas y desechos debe ser supervisada regularmente para que no surjan problemas más tarde.
Un área de descanso en la que la tortuga pueda secarse debe incluirse en su hábitat. Una lámpara de calor también es ampliamente recomendada para las tortugas que vivan bajo techo o donde no reciban directamente los rayos del sol. Si la lámpara se usa dentro, las tortugas deben tener acceso a ella por tres o cuatro horas diarias. El agua debe mantenerse a una temperatura constante que oscile entre los 24 y los 26 grados Celsius (75-79 °F); aguas con menor temperatura pueden inducir a la tortuga a hibernar. Un buen filtro de acuario generalmente ayuda a controlar este problema, al igual que usar un tanque de alimentación separado, pero un frecuente cambio de agua es muy necesario para asegurar su buena salud. Para las tortugas adultas (entre los 20-30 cm de longitud de caparazón) se acepta un tanque con un volumen de por lo menos 500 litros (aproximadamente 132 galones). Otra posibilidad es conservar a la tortuga en un estanque en el jardín o en una pequeña alberca de plástico siempre y cuando esté cerrada por la parte superior para protegerla de los posibles depredadores, como perros o gatos callejeros.
Otro requerimiento es que el área de descanso esté equipada con una lámpara de rayos UV, que simula los rayos del sol y le da a la tortuga las vitaminas que necesita para metabolizar el calcio y mantener su caparazón saludable, así como una fuente de calor sobre esa zona de descanso, para que salga a asolearse, de tal forma que tenga una temperatura entre 30-33 grados Celsius (86-91 °F)
Enfermedades [editar]Las tortugas pueden contraer diferentes infecciones o padecimientos. En la mayoría de los casos, esto sucede por la falta de higiene en el agua, cambios bruscos de temperatura, falta de luz o mala calidad de los alimentos que se le proporcionan. A veces una tortuga que se alimentaba con normalidad puede dejar de comer, pero esto es algo normal. Suelen ser muy selectivas con sus alimentos y es probable que se hayan hartado del que se les suministraba. Para solucionarlo se le pueden ofrecer nuevos alimentos hasta que vuelvan a alimentarse como antes. Sin embargo, hay ocasiones en que el animal deja de alimentarse y su debilitamiento se hace notorio, por lo que conviene consultar con un experto. Mientras tanto es aconsejable darle distintos tipos de comida y elevar la temperatura del agua.
Cada enfermedad viene acompañada de síntomas específicos, pero para comprobar el estado de salud general del animal pueden realizarse sencillas observaciones como el comportamiento de la tortuga, sus excrementos, su apetito, si los ojos se encuentran hinchados, su respiración, si estornuda o tose, comprobar la dureza de su caparazón o si éste presenta manchas blancas.
Caparazón [editar]
Es conveniente revisar de vez en cuando que la tortuga puede retraer correctamente su cabeza dentro del caparazón.El ablandamiento del caparazón es una de las enfermedades más comunes y se debe principalmente a la falta de calcio y luz de espectro en la tortuga. Aunque se incluya calcio en la dieta del animal a través de comida rica en este elemento o suplementos como el hueso de jibia, si no recibe suficiente luz el calcio no podrá fijarse al caparazón. A veces también aparecen unas pequeñas manchas blancas en el mismo. Para solucionar este problema, se debe conseguir una luz de espectro total, y si ya se tiene, incrementar las horas de exposición. Si no hay ninguna mejoría después de un tiempo o la enfermedad ya está avanzada, debe consultarse a un veterinario.
Otro problema que puede aparecer con el caparazón es su decoloramiento. Este se debe principalmente a que hay cloro en el agua o que la tortuga tiene un exceso de vitamina A en el organismo. También puede surgir una capa blanca semejante al algodón sobre la cubierta. Estos son hongos que aparecen por un exceso de humedad en el ambiente, ocasionado probablemente porque la tortuga pasa demasiado tiempo en el agua y no recibe suficiente luz. Si la infección no está muy avanzada, basta con darle baños con agua salada tibia por 30 minutos diarios. En un par de días se debe notar una mejoría. Hasta que se haya recuperado, hay que tener a la tortuga por lo menos 10 horas al día fuera del agua.
Ojos [editar]Puede que la tortuga tenga una infección ocular si mantiene los ojos cerrados por mucho tiempo, se ven hinchados o ésta se rehúsa a comer. Este tipo de infecciones se originan por falta de vitamina A o porque el agua está demasiado sucia. Para solucionar este problema, conviene cambiar el agua más seguido, aumentar la temperatura de la misma ligeramente y agregar vitaminas a su comida. Si después de unos pocos días no presenta ninguna mejoría, debe consultarse a un veterinario.
Respiratorias [editar]Éstas se pueden detectar cuando a la tortuga le salen mucosidades o líquidos de la nariz, respiran con la boca abierta, tienen poca actividad, poco apetito o nadan de lado o inclinándose hacia un lado. Para solucionar esto, se deben mantener dentro de la casa en una habitación bien cerrada para que no entren corrientes de aire. Hay que mantenerlas en agua a una temperatura por encima de los 25 °C, este factor es muy importante pues atacará directamente la enfermedad, al reforzar el sistema inmunológico del animal. Si se tienen varias tortugas, hay que separar a la enferma de las demás, pues estas enfermedades son muy contagiosas. Si en 5 días no se observan mejorías, debe ser llevada con un veterinario.
Digestivas [editar]Las causas de que la tortuga contraiga estreñimiento están en la dieta que lleva. Si su dieta es pobre en vitaminas y fibra, será propensa a estreñirse. Si la tortuga come normalmente pero no defeca, es probable que esté estreñida. La frecuencia de la defecación depende de la frecuencia de la alimentación y de los alimentos que ingiera. También es un signo de este mal que la tortuga se patee la cola con sus patas traseras. Para inducirla a defecar, hay que colocarla en un recipiente con agua tibia. Para prevenirlo, lo mejor es variar un poco su dieta, ya que darle el mismo alimento todo el tiempo es una de las principales causas del estreñimiento. El caso contrario al estreñimiento es la diarrea, donde el animal defeca en exceso y sus heces son muy blandas. Se origina porque su dieta está constituida exclusivamente de fruta, por haber ingerido un alimento en mal estado, o por comer demasiada lechuga. Para resolver esto basta con darle alimentos menos hidratados y controlar más la limpieza del agua, pues si está muy sucia podría propiciar la aparición de lombrices en su sistema digestivo. También conviene revisar la fecha de caducidad de los alimentos que se le proporcionen.
La tortuga puede también estar sobrealimentada. A las más pequeñas (menos de 2 cm de largo) se les debe de alimentar dos veces al día con pequeñas cantidades de comida. Si se tardan más de 10 minutos en ingerirla toda, lo recomendable es retirar el sobrante y proporcionarle cantidades menores de alimento en el futuro.
Ansiedad y estrés [editar]Estas tortugas deben tener un recinto tranquilo, libre de estrés, para que su sistema inmunológico siempre funcione correctamente. Jugar con ella demasiado tiempo puede fatigarla y provocarle mucha tensión, lo que puede terminar en un cuadro de estrés muy grave.