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Puzzleup (Ukraine)
wood
455 pieces, used and complete
50 cm diameter
2022 piece count: 33,399
puzzle: 39
Puzzleup is a family firm based in Kyiv, Ukraine. When I saw this (used) example of their output on eBay I immediately wanted it, partly because I was intrigued and wanted to explore further, and partly because of the subject matter. I've only recently read the Tracy Chevalier novel and seen the 2003 movie, and of course have always loved this particular portrait.
Sadly because of recent events I'm unable to purchase direct from Ukraine, so I put in a bid and luckily I won.
The puzzle is described as 'hard' but at only 455 pieces - 10 of which are whimsies - it wasn't particularly challenging. It comes in a beautiful wooden box with a lift-off lid, with the pieces in a cloth drawstring bag, a large fridge magnet (to be used as a picture reference?), plus backing paper for mounting.
Assembly was very enjoyable, and I will be looking out for more examples of their jigsaws in future.
View of Qutab Minar In New Delhi India. It is tall with 379 steps leading to the top. The diameter of the base is 14.3 meters wide while the top floor measures 2.75 meters in diameter. Surrounding the building are many fine examples of Indian artwork from the time it was built in 1193. A second tower was in construction and planned to be taller than the Qutb Minar itself. Its construction ended abruptly when it was about 12 meters tall.The name of this tower is given as Alau Minar and construction of recent studies shows that this structure has been tilted in one direction. It is made of red sandstone all the way except for two stories at the top. This part is of white marble and was made by Firoz Shah Tughlaq. He had decided to put a more prominent finish to the magnificent minar.
Inspired by the Minaret of Jam in Afghanistan and wishing to surpass it, Qutbuddin Aibak, the first Muslim ruler of Delhi, commenced construction of the Qutb Minar in 1193, but could only complete its base. His successor, Iltutmish, added three more stories and, in 1386, Firuz Shah Tughluq constructed the fifth and the last story. The development of architectural styles from Aibak to Tughluq are quite evident in the minaret. Like earlier towers erected by the Ghaznavids and Ghurids in Afghanistan, the Qutb Minar comprises several superposed flanged and cylindrical shafts, separated by balconies carried on Muqarnas corbels. The minaret is made of fluted red sandstone covered with intricate carvings and verses from the Qur'an. The Qutb Minar is itself built on the ruins of the Lal Kot, the Red Citadel in the city of Dhillika, the capital of the Tomars and the Chauhans, the last Hindu rulers of Delhi. The complex initially housed 27 ancient Hindu temples which were destroyed and their debris used to build the Qutb minar. One engraving on the Qutb Minar reads, "Shri Vishwakarma prasade rachita" (Conceived with the grace of Vishwakarma), this is thought to have been engraved by the enslaved Hindu craftsmen who built the minar.
The purpose for building this monument has been variously speculated upon. It could take the usual role of a minaret, calling people for prayer in the Quwwat-ul-Islam mosque, the earliest extant mosque built by the Delhi Sultans. Other possibilities are a tower of victory, a monument signifying the might of Islam, or a watch tower for defense. Controversy also surrounds the origins for the name of the tower. Many historians believe that the Qutb Minar was named after the first Turkish sultan, Qutb-ud-din Aibak, but others contend that it was named in honour of Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki, a saint from Transoxiana who came to live in India and was greatly venerated by Iltutmish.
The nearby Iron Pillar is one of the world's foremost metallurgical curiosities, standing in the famous Qutb complex. According to the traditional belief, anyone who can encircle the entire column with their arms, with their back towards the pillar, can have their wish granted. Because of the corrosive qualities of sweat the government has built a fence around it for safety.
Photo by Ashish Sharma
freehand 10"diameter, copied from 2"original
(George Brian)...just wanted to see if i could do it... 1999
White horses have a special significance in the mythologies of cultures around the world. They are often associated with the sun chariot, with warrior-heroes, with fertility, or with an end-of-time saviour, but other interpretations exist as well.
White horses appear many times in Hindu mythology. The Vedic horse sacrifice or Ashvamedha was a fertility and kingship ritual involving the sacrifice of a sacred gray or white stallion. Similar rituals may have taken place among Roman, Celtic and Norse people.
Cocktail Resin Ring by JenniferRayJewelry
Can you unlock my heart? Key included but can you get it out to unlock my heart?
This resin ring is 100% hand crafted and unique. The resin, glitter and sparkle was especially mixed by me for this resin glitter ring. 100% original and one of a kind resin ring made by me. Each time this resin ring is created they are similar but because I make them by hand there can be minor differences.
The ring is 1" diameter and 1/4" thick that is glued onto a silver toned adjustable ring.
**This listing is for the blue round ring only!
**See web shop for other colors if available
Dimensions:
Silver vampire teeth in Blue Glitter Resin Round: 1" (25 mm) diameter x 1/4" (6 mm) height
Silver toned adjustable ring: default is about size 8 US (about 18 mm)
Slight variations may occur because each item is genuinely handmade
Can be found on ArtFire: JenniferRay Etsy: JenniferRayJewelry
1.06 $
Baolie Sports Headphone
GNO1
Mic Dimensions Φ6.0x5.0mm
Directivity Omnidirectional
Speaker Diameter Φ10mm
Impedance 32Ω
Frequency Response 20 ~ 20000Hz
Sensitivity (S.P.L) 105dB ± 3dB
Cord Length ≤ 2.0 meters
Headphone line length of 1.2 meters, 3.5MM silver plug ~
Applicable to all kinds of MP3 / 4, ipod, ipad, iphone, computer, etc., Huawei Apple millet and other intelligent machines are compatible, hands-free calls the best choice.
Features: large volume, sound stereo, wire durable, resistant to pull, high-
Email: globalwholesalemarket1@gmail.com
globalwholesalemarket1@mail.ru
($ 1.06
سماعة Baolie الرياضة
GNO1
هيئة التصنيع العسكري الأبعاد Φ6.0x5.0mm
الاتجاهية احادي
المتحدث قطر Φ10mm
مقاومة 32Ω
استجابة التردد 20 ~ 20000Hz
حساسية (S.P.L) 105DB ± 3DB و
طول الحبل ≤2.0 متر
طول الكابل 1.2 متر، 3.5MM المكونات الفضة ~
تنطبق على جميع أنواع MP3 / 4، آي بود، آي باد، اي فون، وأجهزة الكمبيوتر، وأبل الدخن هواوي الروبوت الأجهزة الذكية المتوافقة، ومكبرات الصوت أفضل خيار.
تتميز بما يلي: كمية كبيرة، صوت ستيريو وقوية، والأسلاك دائم، وسحب مقاومة، أزياء الراقية، والأسلاك أو فائق سلك TPE مرن، متشابكة بسهولة، سماعات الأذن التصميم الكلاسيكي منظور الأذن)
Email: globalwholesalemarket1@gmail.com
globalwholesalemarket1@mail.ru
($ 1.06
Headphone Baolie Sukan
GNO1
Mic Ukuran Φ6.0x5.0mm
directivity Omnidirectional
Speaker Diameter Φ10mm
galangan 32Ω
Respon Frekuensi 20 ~ 20000Hz
Kepekaan (S.P.L) 105dB ± 3dB
Cord Negara ≤2.0 meter
Panjang kabel 1.2 m, 3.5mm plug perak ~
Terpakai kepada semua jenis MP3 / 4, ipod, ipad, iphone, komputer, Apple millet Huawei Android mesin pintar serasi, speaker pilihan yang terbaik.
Ciri-ciri: a jumlah yang besar, bunyi stereo dan kuat, tahan lama wayar, tarik-tahan, mewah fesyen, wayar atau dawai TPE anjal ultra tinggi, mudah kusut, Fon telinga reka bentuk klasik perspektif telinga
)
Email: globalwholesalemarket1@gmail.com
globalwholesalemarket1@mail.ru
($ 1,06
Baolie Спортивные наушники
GNO1
Mic Размеры Φ6.0x5.0mm
Направленность Всенаправленный
Диаметр динамика Φ10mm
Полное сопротивление 32Ω
Частотный диапазон 20 ~ 20000Hz
Чувствительность (S.P.L) 105dB ± 3dB
Длина шнура ≤2.0 метров
Длина кабеля 1,2 м, 3,5 мм серебро ~
Применимо ко всем типам MP3 / 4, Ipod, Ipad, iphone, компьютеры, Apple, просо Huawei Android умные машины совместимы, спикерфон лучший выбор.
Характеризуется: большой объемом, стерео звук и сильным, прочный провод, тяните устойчивость, высокая мода, проволока или ультра высокой упругая TPE проволока, легко запутаться, Earbuds перспективы уха классического дизайна)
Email: globalwholesalemarket1@gmail.com
globalwholesalemarket1@mail.ru
Object Details: The Omega Nebula (Messier 17) is one of the largest star forming regions in the Milky Way. Lying 5500 light-years from Earth and spanning 15 light-years in diameter it is part of a larger cloud of interstellar matter containing approximately 800 solar masses with a diameter of about 40 light-years. Easily visible in binoculars, it is a spectacular sight in larger telescopes. Known by a variety of names, it is also referred to as the Swan, Checkmark Nebula, Lobster Nebula, and the Horseshoe Nebula, and is located in the constellation of Sagittarius.
Image Details: The attached was taken by Jay Edwards from the scope field of Cherry Springs State Park in PA when some of my best friends and I visited there for the Black Forest Star Party held there in September (to be specific it was actually taken the night before the start of the BFSP as we tend to try to plan our visits to include a few days before and after the star parties).
This is a full-frame, i.e. not cropped, single 3 minute exposure to try to preserve the meteor from being lost in a stacking process Tracing back the path of the meteor, it may have been a member of the minor September Epsilon Perseids meteor shower which takes place between 5 Sep- 21 Sep with the peak on the 9th or a late member of the major Perseid shower as that meteor shower is know to have a wide distribution in time from July to Sept. and in either case the constellation of Perseus was just rising above the eastern horizon at the time of this image. The image utilized an Orion ED80T CF (i.e. an 80mm, f/6 carbon-fiber, triplet apochromatic refractor) connected to a Televue 0.8x field flattener / focal reducer with a dual band IDAS Hydrogen-alpha / Oxygen III filter and an ASI2600MC Pro camera running at -10 degrees centigrade and controlled by an ASIair running on an IPad Air. Guided by an ASI290MC autoguider / planetary camera in an Orion 60mm, f/4 guide scope; they were tracked on a Losmandy G-11 mount running a Gemini 2 control system. Processed in a combination of PixInisght and PaintShopPro using an HOO palette (i.e. Hydrogen-alpha assigned to the red channel and Oxygen III assigned to both the green and blue channels), as shown here it has been reduced to 50 percent of it's original resolution, converted to a jpg file and the bit depth was lowered to 8 bits per channel.
fwiw: A close of the inner portion of the Omega nebula taken back in July of 2018 using a vintage 1970, 8-inch, f/7 Criterion newtonian reflector and a unmodded Canon 700D (t5i) DSLR can be found at the link attached here - www.flickr.com/photos/homcavobservatory/42699258145/in/al...
While an image of the nearby Eagle Nebula, taken with the same imaging rig as that used for the accompanying Omega Nebula shot (i.e. an 80mm apo. with an ASI2600MC Pro camera and (in that case two)) dual narrowband filters also taken during my visits to Cherry Springs State Park during this past summer (& processed in a combination of various narrowband palettes), can be found at the link attached here - www.flickr.com/photos/homcavobservatory/53416452946/
Given the reasonable result achieved from processing this single frame H-alpha / OIII dual band filter image, I'm looking forward to stacking the rest of the H-alpha / OIII filter frames, as well as the OIII / SII filter frames I managed to capture of this object, and processing them in a combination of narrowband pallets similar to the Eagle Nebula shot linked above.
Wishing clear, dark and calm skies to all !
The ZSU-23-4 "Shilka" is a lightly armored Soviet self-propelled, radar-guided anti-aircraft weapon system (SPAAG). It was superseded by the 2K22 Tunguska (SA-19 Grison).
The acronym "ZSU" stands for Zenitnaya Samokhodnaya Ustanovka (Russian: Зенитная Самоходная Установка), meaning "anti-aircraft self-propelled system"; the "23" signifies the bore diameter in millimetres; the "4" signifies the number of gun barrels. It is named after the Shilka River in Russia. Afghan soldiers nicknamed it the "sewing machine" due to the sound of its cannons firing. It is also referred to by its nickname of "Zeus", derived from the Russian acronym.
The previous Soviet self-propelled anti-aircraft gun (SPAAG), the ZSU-57-2, was armed with two 57 mm autocannons; it was aimed optically using a basic tracking and lead calculating system. The ZSU-57-2 was not particularly successful despite its very powerful autocannons; given their large caliber, it could only carry 300 rounds, was inaccurate as it lacked radar and could not fire while on the move.
The ZPU series armed with 14.5 mm heavy machine guns carried on a towed mount for stationary, point air defence had a much higher rate of fire. The 23 mm version of this weapon system was known as the ZU-23-2, a towed mount carrying two 23 mm cannons. However, these towed or improvised truck-mounted weapons had similar disadvantages.
The development of the ZSU-23-4 "Shilka" began in 1957 along with ZSU-37-2 "Yenisei" and the vehicle was brought into service in 1965, replacing all ZSU-57-2s in air defense units toward the beginning of the 1970s. The ZSU-23-4 was intended for AA defense of military facilities, troops, and mechanized columns on the march; originally, the more powerful guns of "Yenisei" were judged to be effective at covering the inner dead-zone of Soviet surface-to-air missile systems despite the increased weight of the vehicle, but commonality prevailed. Initially, tank regiments should have had the anti-aircraft artillery battalion of "Shilka" (consisting of two batteries, four ZSU-23-4s in each). At the end of the 1960s, one battery was equipped with ZSU-23-4s and the other with ZSU-57-2s. Motorized rifle and tank regiment standard anti-aircraft batteries consisted of two platoons later (one platoon was equipped with four ZSU-23-4s and another with four mobile surface-to-air missile systems 9K31 Strela-1 or 9K35 Strela-10). The ZSU-23-4 combined a proven radar system, the non-amphibious chassis based on GM-575 tracked vehicle, and four 23 mm autocannons. This delivered a highly effective combination of mobility with heavy firepower and considerable accuracy. The ZSU-23-4 outclassed all NATO anti-aircraft guns at the time, and it is still regarded as posing a major threat for low-flying fixed-wing aircraft and helicopters.
The system was widely fielded throughout the Warsaw Pact and among other pro-Soviet states. Around 2,500 ZSU-23-4s, of the total 6,500 produced, were exported to 23 countries. The Warsaw Pact's successor states continue to manufacture and supply variants of the ZSU-23-4, notably the Ukrainian "Donets" and Polish "Biala" variants.
ZSU-23-4 units saw active service in the Yom Kippur War (1973) and other Arab-Israeli conflicts, the Iran–Iraq War (1980–1988), and the First Gulf War (1990). During the Yom Kippur War, the system was particularly effective against the Israeli Air Force. Israeli pilots attempting to fly low in order to avoid SA-6 missiles were often shot down by ZSU-23-4s as in Operation Doogman 5. During the Soviet–Afghan War ZSU-23-4 units were used widely and to great effect against mujahideen positions in the mountains, the ZSU-23-4's guns being able to elevate much higher than the weapons on BMPs, BTRs, T-55s, or T-62s. They were also used to suppress defensive positions around the presidential palace during the initial coup in Kabul at the start of the Soviet-Afghan war. The Russian Army used the ZSU-23-4 for mountain combat in Chechnya.
The radar-guided ZSU-23-4 "Shilka" SPAAG, with its four 23 mm (0.90") autocannons, was a revolutionary SPAAG, proving to be an extremely effective weapon against enemy attack aircraft and helicopters under every weather and light condition. The ZSU-23-4 has a very high density, rate and accuracy of fire, as well as the capability for each of the four autocannons to fire its own type of projectile from separate belts. While it is technically possible that each cannon shoots different type of ammunition, there were two types commonly used in late 1970s: OFZT incendiary fragmentation and BZT armour-piercing tracer, which were to be loaded in 3:1 ratio—three OFZT, then one BZT, every 10th BZT round equipped with so-called "copper remover" and marked. Operators were strongly discouraged from shooting from a single barrel.
The appearance of the "Shilka" caused significant changes in NATO tactics in aircraft use at low altitude over the battlefield. Despite its present obsolescence as a modern short-range anti-aircraft weapon, the ZSU-23-4 is still deadly for enemy light armoured vehicles, infantry and firing points as an infantry-support vehicle. With its high rate of accurate fire, the ZSU-23-4 can even neutralize tanks by destroying their gun sights, radio antennas, or other vulnerable parts. ZSU-23-4s, especially late models, have excellent performance and good systems reliability.
Based on the GM-575 tracked vehicle chassis, which used components from the PT-76 light amphibious tank, the ZSU-23-4 mounts an armored turret holding four liquid-cooled 23 mm (0.9") 2A7 autocannons linked to an RPK-2 "Tobol" radar (NATO designator: "Gun Dish"). The vehicle weighs 19 tonnes (late modifications up to 21 tonnes), has a movement range of 450 km (280 mi) and a top speed of 50 km/h (31 mph). Additional firepower of late modifications can be supplied by a roof-mounted pod of six short-range SA-18 SAMs, or side-mounted SA-16s.
The crew numbers four: driver, commander, gunner and radar operator. The driver's compartment is located in the nose part of the vehicle. The fighting compartment is in the center, and the engine compartment is in the rear part of the vehicle.
The transmission consists of a multi-plate metal-contact main clutch, a manual gearbox with five forward gears, two planetary two-step steering gears with locking frictions and two final drive groups. The vehicle chassis has six single rubber tired road wheels, a rear drive sprocket with detachable sprocket rings (lantern-wheel gear) and one idler wheel per side. The first and fifth left, and sixth right road wheels have hydraulic shock absorbers. The track is 11.904 m long, 382 mm (15") wide and has 93 links.
Because of a large number of different pipes and tubes to detach during maintenance, the repair procedure for some of the vehicle's mechanisms is hard (for example, replacement or repair of a starter). The electric drive of an air outlet hatch of a gas turbine engine (part of the vehicle's electric power supply system) has an inconvenient location (at the bottom of the hull) which causes overheating and sometimes, jamming of the electric drive. On the other hand, the construction of the electric power supply system is very reliable. Changing the main engine oil and coolant is easy, as is replacement of fuel and oil filters, and sections of the air filter.
The ZSU-23-4 can cross vertical obstacles 0.7 m (2.3') high, trenches 2.5 m (8.2') wide, has a 1.0 m (3.3') fording depth and can climb 30° gradients. The ZSU-23-4 has good maneuverability and cross-country ability, but its diesel engine's power is insufficient for a vehicle of its weight. As a result, off-road acceleration capabilities are sub-par, and the vehicle lags behind MBTs and IFVs on up-hill terrain.
The ZSU-23-4 is equipped with an NBC system with an air filtration unit, fire-fighting equipment, TNA-2 navigational system, infrared vision device, R-123 radio set, R-124 intercom and electric power supply system consisting of a DGChM-1 single-shaft gas turbine engine (70 hp at 6,000 rpm) and a direct-current generator (which provides 27 V and 54 V direct current or 220 V 400 Hz alternating current).
Each water-cooled 23 mm 2A7 autocannon has a cyclic rate of 850–1,000 rounds per minute for a combined rate of fire of 3,400–4,000 rounds per minute, which gives a continuous fire time of 30–35 seconds before running out of ammunition (not considering the constraints that limit the practical rate of fire, such as barrel overheating). The welded turret has a race ring transplanted from a T-54 medium tank with a 1,840 mm (6') diameter. The 360° rotating turret is fully stabilised and capable of firing on the move. The turret rotation and autocannon elevation mechanisms provide very good speed and guidance accuracy. The hydraulically driven aiming mechanisms have been proven to be very reliable. Manual aim is used against ground targets. The quad automatic anti-aircraft gun AZP-23 "Amur" has a range of elevation from −4° to +85°. The GRAU designation for ZSU-23-4 turret with 23 mm (0.9") AZP-23 "Amur" quad automatic gun is 2A10. An armoured plate inside the turret protects crew members from fire and explosive gas during intense firing.
Ammunition capacity is 2,000 rounds stowed aboard (520 rounds per each upper autocannon and 480 rounds per each lower autocannon) loaded in 50-round or shorter belts.
The water-cooled 2A7 23mm guns of ZSU-23-4 fire the same 23×152B mm caliber ammunition as the 2A14 guns of the twin-barrel ZU-23-2 towed gun. While the 23mm Volkov-Yartsev VYa-23 aircraft gun used in the Second World War era Il-2 Sturmovik also fired ammunition of the same cartridge case dimensions, the rounds differed in loading and primer, and are thus not interchangeable with the post-war AA gun ammunition. Compared to the VYa and its ammunition, the air defence guns have slightly higher muzzle velocity, and explosive rounds also have slightly larger HE fillings. The VYa ammunition has brass cases, while 2A7/2A14 ammunition has steel cases.
Three main types of 23mm anti-aircraft ammunition were manufactured post-war: API-T, HEI and HEI-T. In addition to the original Soviet rounds, a number of ammunition manufacturers have since begun to produce ammunition for what is still a widely used caliber; these include new ammunition types such as sub-caliber armor-piercing rounds and frangible ammunition. The following table lists the main characteristics of some of the available 23×152B mm ammunition used in 23mm AA guns:
A typical loading of each ammunition belt contains 40 OFZT and 10 BZT rounds. They can be fired to a maximum horizontal range of 7 km (4.3 mi), and a vertical range of 5.1 km (3.2 mi). The effective vertical range is 1.5 km (0.93 mi) at a direct range to target of 2.5 km (1.6 mi) and target speed of 250 m/s (up to 500 m/s if a modern fire control system is used). The usual autocannon burst consists of 3–10 projectiles and target lead angle is calculated for each burst (fire without adjustment) by computer. In attacking targets on the ground, its effective range is around 2.5 km (1.6 mi). The short range of its 23 mm autocannons and relatively low explosive effect of its small-calibre projectiles mean it is less able to engage threats such as jet attack aircraft and cruise missiles than modern systems like the 2K22 Tunguska armed with more powerful 30 mm autocannons and integrated missile armaments. A special 23 mm round with composite projectiles was developed for a modern variant of SPAAG (ZSU-23-4M4) to be used against cruise missiles.
PT&P designed and manufactured these standard HD-2 hold-down clamps for a natural gas plant in Colorado. They are fabricated from carbon steel and designed with PTFE slide plates. The hold-downs are designed for 8" to 24" diameter pipes and operating temperature up to 400°F.
Large, 15mm diameter, uneroded, uncrowded specimen from near surface of non-tidal marine lake, salinity 31.9ppt, Dee Estuary, England. June 2011. Ridged wall plates. Low truncated cone with steep sides. Aperture rim crenate.
Full SPECIES DESCRIPTION at: flic.kr/p/bjB7dG
Sets of OTHER SPECIES at: www.flickr.com/photos/56388191@N08/collections/.
For Torched & Scorched at Ventana 244 May 15 to June 21 2015, Raphaele Shirley built the fourth of recent series of large scale paint and neon installations. This new orb shaped work, blistering white light and golden skin is set in a dark expanse. In this series Shirley merges differing representations of cosmology generated throughout the ages in both Eastern and Western traditions filtered through the language of post minimal and process based art.
Raphaele Shirley is a French-American multi-media artist. She lives and works in New York City. She studied fine arts at the Beaux Arts of Aix-en-Provence, France and then moved to NYC in 1993. Her practice ranges from light art, sound, public art, social interventions, collaborative works and performance.
Some of her collaborations include Perpetual Art Machine [PAM], an interactive video installation and online web community, founded in 2005, of over 2000 members. In 1998 she co-founded The New York International Fringe Festival, the largest theater festival in the US. She was video pioneer Nam June Paik’s assistant from 1997-2002, where she developed his monumental laser works, including the 75-foot waterfall Jacob’s Ladder for the S.R.Guggenheim museum in New York, Bilbao and Seoul and the 30 meter- wide, award winning, Laser Waterscreen‚ permanent on the lake of the Olympic Park of Seoul Korea. She built upon her experience with Nam June Paik and developed her own series of site-specific works, including a commission in Norway in 2009, Jewels of Kvinesdal, a 30’ wide stainless steel, a xenon sky-beam viewable from 15 kilometers around. Another public art-work, commissioned in 2010, Shooting Stair for Dorfman Projects, Long Island, NY, is a water and laser light sculpture set outdoors. Her piece‚ Light Shot on a Bender, combining LED lights and water was presented in the Bring to Light festival in 2011 in Greenpoint, NY. She recently completed a 60-foot diameter light spiral for the Flint Public Art Project in Flint, Michigan.
Her work has been shown in venues such as the Museum of Moving Image, S.R. Guggenheim, Chelsea Art Museum and Post Masters Gallery in New York, the NCCA Moscow, 2nd Moscow Biennial and the Hermitage St. Petersburg, Russia, at the Museum of Modern Art, Linz, Austria and Art Basel/ Miami 2006. She participated in 2009 and 2010 in the artist residency/sail boat expedition to the Arctic Circle, Norway with the Farm Foundation, “The Arctic Circle” Residency directed by Aaron O’Conner.
Biolog standing next to a kapok tree, Ceiba pentandra, in Ecuadorian jungle. Over 3 meters in diameter.This tree is the official national tree of Puerto Rico and Guatemala
Paraluna by: Christopher Schardt from: Oakland, CA year: 2018
Paraluna combines kinetic sculpture, LEDs and music. Its main component is a disc 10m in diameter with 17,280 LEDs. A computer controls the LEDs while rotating, raising, lowering, and tilting the disc.
Some of the LED patterns work with the rotation of the disk, creating spirals. Others use persistence-of-vision, making an image hover in space above the spinning LEDs. Spokes demonstrates both of these styles: photos.app.goo.gl/DcP9IauNTjRHENUh2
Surrounding the disc are several high-quality speakers that play classical music at comfortable, yet immersive volume, creating a comfortable, peaceful place to be. Patterns are chosen to complement each musical piece, as with Firmament:
Looks to be the 22.5" diameter of the WWII Mk 13 (Mk Xiii) air-launched torpedo but the fins and fin ring are not typical Mk 13 parts. Mk 13's 161" length seems plausible. Mk 21 Mod 0 and Mod 2 had the same 22.5 X 161" dimensions as did Mk 25, but only the Mk 21 mod 2 was mass produced.
The 21" diameter Mk 33 (156" long), Mk 35, (162" long) or Mk 41 (120" long) are slightly lower probabilities, my read on the rest of the large diameter US torpedos is that they were all too long to be this one - 248", 288", etc.
Compare to commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mark_13_torpedo#/medi...
USS Iowa (BB-61) launched in 1942, with First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt in attendance. To ferry President Roosevelt to the Cairo & Tehran Conferences, the Iowa was fitted w/ a bathtub for the President's (paralyzed in 1921) convenience. The Iowa transferred to the Pacific Fleet in 1944 & saw much action. She was Adm. Halsey's flagship at the Japanese surrender in Tokyo Bay. During the Korean War, the Iowa served in raids on the N. Korean coast. Reactivated in 1984, she operated in both Atlantic & Pacific Fleets. In 1989, an explosion wrecked her #2 gun turret, killing 47 sailors. The ship finally was decommissioned in 1990. On 7 July, 2012, she was opened to the public at the Port of Los Angeles, San Pedro, as battleship museum and memorial.
Iowa's 16-inch-diameter guns were the biggest ever sent to sea on a U.S. ship. It took at least 77 men to fire the three guns in a single turret. The Iowa has three of these turrets. Ship's length: 887'. Beam: 108'. Speed: 33 knots. Compliment: 151 officers, 2637 enlisted
diameter: 21.55; problable frigidarium or natatio
www.flickr.com/groups/600884@N25/discuss/7215762895846967...
red habanero pepper planet and a 36 inch diameter garden with 75 Chinese long beans and 6 tomato vines plants Square foot hydroponic gardens are self-contained growing systems and is a reliable method for circulating oxygen and nutrients
to the roots of your plants. By using a Drainback, your plants will flourish!
The narrow diameter tube is what feeds the liquid flux from the reserve tank that sits on top of it.
The larger diameter dip tube is what the flux infused fuel gas bubbles up through, to exit the fluxer on it's way to the torch.
Short threaded stub is where the fuel gas enters the fluxer body.
Dutch Submarine HNLMS DOLFIJN
Pennant Number: S-808
Leaving Portsmouth Harbour with Tugs
SD HELEN and GWENDOLINE P
Walrus Class Submarines Class Overview
Dimensions, machinery and performance
Length: 222' 2" Engines:
3 SEMT Pielstick 12 cylinder PA4V diesels (a)
Beam: 27' 5" Motors: 1 Holec electric motor
Draft: 22' 9" Shafts: 1
Pressure Hull Horsepower
Length: N/A Engines: 6,900 (2,300 each)
Diameter: N/A Motors: 3,950 surfaced / 5,430 submerged
Displacement
Speed
Surfaced:
1,900 std. / 2,465 full Surfaced: 13 knots
Submerged: 2,800 Submerged: 21 knots
Diving Depth: 984' Range
Surfaced: 60 days endurance
Crew: 52 Submerged: 10,000 NM @ 9 knots (snorkel)
Armament
Number Carried Type Arrangement Weapons
4 21" (533mm)
torpedo tubes bow 20 torpedoes or 40 mines
Name Builder Launched Commissioned
Dolfijn S-808 Rotterdamsche Droogdok
Maatschappij NV
Rotterdam, The Netherlands
With the height of 112.5 meters and diameter of 100 meters, Tempozan Harbor Village Ferris wheel was once the largest Ferris wheel in the world.Tempozan Harbor Village Ferris wheel was surpassed by London Eye when it opened to public in 1999, however, some argues that London Eye is actually an observation wheel which is considered to be another kind of wheel and shouldn't be counted in the Ferris wheel ranking. Nevertheless, some newcomers like Palette Town Ferris wheel (opened in 1999, located in Odaiba, Tokyo, with same diameter as Tempozan, but 2.5 meters more in total height), Sky Dream Fukuoka (opened in 2002, with 112 meters in diameter and 120 meters in total height), or the Diamond and Flower Ferris wheel of Kasai Rinkai Park, east of Tokyo (opened in 2005, 111 meters in diameter and 117 meters in height), exceeded Tempozan with small margins.
The Ferris wheel was opened to public on July 12, 1997. During its 17-minute ride, it offers a view of Osaka Bay and surrounding areas, such as Ikoma Mountains to the east, Akashi Strait Pearl Bridge to the west, Kansai International Airport to the south, and Rokko Mountains to the north.
The wheel has colored lights that provide a weather forecast for the next day. Orange lights indicate a sunny day, green lights a cloudy day and blue lights indicate rain.
Sorteren van Hubelino knikker ballen met een diameter van 24.5mm. Er wordt gebruik gemaakt van Fischertechnik bouwstenen. Een kleur sensor module (TCS34725) wordt aangestuurd via een I2C verbinding op de TXT Controller. Er zijn 4 kleuren beschikbaar. De start gebeurd automatisch via de lichtmeting van de sensor. Die detecteerd of er een bal aanwezig is. Met 3 XM-motoren worden de ballen volgens het kleur gerangschikt.
Via 4 instel waarden op het PC scherm kunnen licht en kleur waardes gewijzigd worden. De meest belangrijke instelling is de W_set voor het omgeving licht. De W_set waarde bepaald de auto detectie van de ballen.
RY_GB schuiver bepaald de groep voor color selector1 en staat default op 3000. Waarden beneden de 3000 zijn voor Rood en Geel, waarden erboven zijn voor Blauw en Groen.
RY_sel schuiver bepaald de kleur selectie tussen Rood en geel. De default waarde staat op 2350.
RGB_sel schuiver bepaald de kleur selectie tussen Groen en Blauw. De default waarde staat op 6000.
W_hold en K_hold zijn de laatst gedetecteerde waarden voor licht en kleur.
De W,R,G,B waarden zijn de huidige realtime gemeten waarden van de sensor. Zonder de aanwezigheid van een bal is de licht waarde lager dan de W_set (ingesteld op 465) waarde.
Youtube video: youtu.be/PbRfnA8OB14
Diameter 8” x 18”H.
Printed and hand-cut Capiz seashell.
Shell and beads tied onto Nylon.
Ring made of Rattan.
Hanging ring in steel with 1.25" inner diameter.
Qutub Minar, at 74 meters, is the tallest brick minaret in the world, and the second tallest minar in India after Fateh Burj at Mohali. Qutub Minar, along with the ancient and medieval monuments surrounding it, form the Qutb Complex, which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The tower is located in the Mehrauli area of Delhi, India. Made of red sandstone and marble, Qutub Minar is a 73 meter tall tapering tower with a diameter measuring 14.32 meters at the base and 2.75 meters at the peak. Inside the tower, a circular staircase with 379 steps leads to the top. Qutub Minar station is the closest station on the Delhi Metro.
In 1200 CE, Qutub-ud-Din Aibak, the founder of the Delhi Sultanate started construction of the Qutub Minar. In 1220, Aibak's successor and son-in-law Iltutmish added three storeys to the tower. In 1369, lightning struck the top storey, destroying it completely and Firoz Shah Tughlaq carried out restoration work replacing the damaged storey with two new storeys, made of red sandstone and white marble.
Qutub Minar is surrounded by several historically significant monuments, which are historically connected with the tower and are part of the Qutb Complex. These include the Iron Pillar of Delhi, Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque, Alai Darwaza, the Tomb of Iltutmish, Alai Minar, Ala-ud-din's Madrasa and Tomb, and the Tomb of Imam Zamin. Other minor monuments include Major Smith's Cupola and Sanderson's Sundial.
HISTORY
The construction of Qutub Minar was commissioned by Qutub-ud-Din Aibak, the founder of the Delhi Sultanate in 1199 AD. The minar was built on the ruins of the Lal Kot, the Red Citadel in the city of Dhillika. Aibak's successor Iltutmish added three more storeys to complete the tower.
It has not been established with certainty whether Qutub Minar has been named after Qutbu l-Din Aibak, the emperor who commissioned its construction or Qutbuddin Bakhtiar kaki, the famous Sufi saint.
The culture of tower architecture was established in India before the arrival of the Turks. However, there is no evidence on record to confirm that the Qutb Minar was inspired or influenced by earlier Rajput towers. Numerous inscriptions in Parso-Arabic and Nagari characters in different sections of the Qutb Minar reveal the history of its construction. According to the inscriptions on its surface it was repaired by Firoz Shah Tughlaq (1351–89) and Sikandar Lodi (1489–1517).
The Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque, located to the north of Qutb Minar, was built by Qutbu l-Din Aibak in 1192. It is one of the earliest surviving mosque in the Indian subcontinent. Later, an arched screen was erected and the mosque was enlarged by Iltutmish (1210–35) and Ala-ud-din Khilji.
The topmost storey was damaged by lightning in 1368 A.D. and was rebuilt by Firoz Shah Tughlaq. Firoz Shah Tughlaq built two floors one of which can be distinguished easily as it was built of white marble. In 1505, an earthquake damaged Qutb Minar and the damage was repaired by Sikandar Lodi. On 1 August 1803, a major earthquake again caused serious damage to Qutb Minar. Major Robert Smith of the British Indian Army renovated the tower in 1828 and installed a cupola to the top of Qutb Minar. The cupola was later taken down under instructions from Lord Hardinge, then Governor General of India and was installed to the east of Qutb Minar, where it rests now.
ARCHITECTURE
The Minar is made of red sandstone covered with intricate carvings and verses from the Qur'an. The Minar comprises several superposed flanged and cylindrical shafts, separated be balconies carried on Muqarnas corbels. The first three storeys are made of red sandstone; the fourth and fifth storeys are of marble and sandstone. At the foot of the tower is the Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque. The minar tilts just over 60 cm from the vertical, which is considered to be within safe limits, although experts have stated that monitoring is needed in case rainwater seepage further weakens the foundation.
The nearby 7 meters high Iron Pillar from Gupta empire is a metallurgical curiosity. The pillar standing in the Qutb complex has Brahmic inscriptions on it and predates the Islamic minar.
ACCIDENT
Before 1974, the general public was allowed access to the top of the minar accessed through a narrow staircase. On 4 December 1981, 45 people were killed in the stampede that followed an electricity failure that plunged the tower's staircase into darkness. Most of the victims were children because, at the time school children were allowed free access to historical monuments on Fridays. Subsequently, public access to the inside of the tower has been banned.
IN POPULARE CULTURE
Bollywood actor and director Dev Anand wanted to shoot the song Dil Ka Bhanwar Kare Pukar from his movie Tere Ghar Ke Samne inside the minar. However, the cameras in that era were too big to fit inside the tower's narrow passage, and the song was shot inside a replica of the tower instead. The site served as the pitstop of the second leg of the second season of The Amazing Race Australia, the Australian version of the Emmy-winning series The Amazing Race. This is the first Indian monument to have an E-ticket facility.
A picture of the minaret is featured on the Travel Cards issued by the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation. A recently launched start-up in collaboration with Archaeological survey of India has made a 360 degree walkthrough of Qutub minar available.
WIKIPEDIA
The huge 144ft in diameter whispering gallery makes softest sound be heard other side. Standing in one corner of the gallery and able to hear what other guys whispering other corner of gallery leave you mesmerized.
Gol Gombadh meaning "rose dome", (a reference to the flower/rose/lotus petals that surround the dome at its base, making it appear as a budding rose)-- is the mausoleum of Mohammed Adil Shah, Sultan of Bijapur. The tomb, located in Bijapur, Karnataka in India, was completed in 1656 by the architect Yaqut of Dabul. Although "impressively simple in design", it is the "structural triumph of Deccan architecture".
Product Name: Inflatable Boat Game
Product No: GT124
Size: 2m Diameter
Pack: 30×30×140 cm
Weight: 15kg
Material: 0.9mm PLATO PVC Tarpaulin
Cert: CE,EN14960,EN71
Feature: High Durability, High Tear Strength, Fade Proof, Flame Retardant M2/B1, Anti-Mildew Treatment, Excellent UV-Resistance, Cold Weather Resistance, Waterproof, Anti-Static, Heat-Insulation
Not just fit and finish, Pango make a second blower tube and hide it if not use. We make the two tubes on different of the bouncer so that could fit the power location. Looking down the road you will find you need a second inflation tube. We want to make sure clients could use the bouncer convenient.
Stronger Baffles
Baffles that are secured by a 840 denier material that provides the MAXIMUM strength of the internal baffling of every inflatables. This material upgrade is unmatched by anyone else in the industry. This material is key to the overall durability of the products we sell.
D Ring Expose
Take a close look at the construction of the "d" rings in the products we sell. A tether system is only as strong as its weakest link. Tether points on the inflatable are extremely durable. The "d" ring tethering System have been laboratory-tested and certified by Professional Engineers for use on all giant slides and all other types of inflatables.
Vinyl（PVCTarpaulin） Expose
At Pango Inflatable, the only products we sell are constructed from the finest coated vinyl. Unlike other vinyl producers, the Coated Vinyl are Lead-Free in addition to meeting the EN71 test by SGS. Lead-Free vinyl are a standard that has been that way since day one. Exposure to lead is dangerous to children. The products Pango Inflatable sell are safe from the effects of lead. As for durability, the materials are a weft inserted substrate, which makes any possible rips virtually impossible.
No Wax Surfaces
We provide removable sliding surfaces for every slides we made, While other only provide the normal vinyl, Inflatable vinyl is not naturally slippery, therefore, waxing has become a normal preparation for getting a slide ready for use. The removable sliding surface found the on the products we sell is a high polished urethane coating, which in turn reduces the need to wax.
Zipper with Flaps
Unlike others, Pango Inflatable sells products that are easy to use. For example, the deflation zipper utilizes a Velcro flap that covers the zipper, thus, less air is lost and zippers are not exposed to abrasion or mischief.
Blower Tube Strap
While most manufacturers tie their blower inflation tubes to the blower system, however, the products Pango Inflatable sells, utilizes a universal sleeve with a cinching Velcro strap. One- handed operation keeps the tube securely attached to the blower system.
Liquid Laminator
DWe do the Digital Printing in our factory, unlike most factory here in China, they do the printing outside and could not control the delivery time and the quality. igitally printed graphics are one thing, keeping those beautiful images durable as well scratch and fade resistant is quite another. Every digital image used within an inflatable sold by Pango Inflatable is clear-coated with a special liquid laminate that is vulcanized to the vinyl surface.
Finger-Safe Netting
Most bouncer manufacturers use 1" or 2" netting. A child bouncing can easily catch their fingers in that size of netting, thus serious injuries can happen. Only the Pango Inflatable could provide netting that even a small child's finger cannot penetrate. Yet, the netting is still transparent enough to allow for easy viewing.
Removable Covers
Virtually every area that your customers step, slide or climb upon is on a replaceable & easily removable vinyl cover. From climbing stairs, to entrance tunnel sleeves to sliding surfaces, Pango Inflatable only sells products that are designed for high-volume traffic.
Safety Door on Bouncers
Worried about children possibly falling out of a bouncer? Don't be. We got 3 points of reinforcement on the entrance of the bouncer which make the entrance very strong. Also we add the step outside the entrance following the AU and USA standards of jumping castle.
On-Staff Engineering and Designing
We do reinforce stitching at the fixion of D-ring. Four stitching line will share the tension of the bouncer. This made the D-ring last much longer and stronger. Other factory use other design of the fixion, but will not good for the tension sharing. Could find the differnce in the attached photos.
Cushion Designs
We do cushion between the wall and the base. When the kids bounce on the bouncer this parts bear most of the pressure, so this new design will make this parts much more strong and safety, while other factory only stitch to the base.
Contact Site:http://www.pangoinflatable.com/
Piping Technology & Products, Inc. fabricated 3-piece pipe clamps used to support 97" diameter stainless steel duct work. This duct work is being added to a refinery for an expansion project in Ponca City, Oklahoma. Each section of the clamp assembly is formed from a continuous plate and gussets are added at each of the bolt locations for increased strength and rigidity. Due to the ducts having a relatively thin wall, these clamps are designed wider than necessary in an effort to reduce localized stresses on the duct work. The lower section of each clamp is formed to create a 150° cradle. This acts as a cradle by supporting the duct without inducing extra pressure, which might cause the duct wall to buckle or bend.
The upper sections are formed from 1/2" thick by 12" wide bar stock, whereas the lower sections are formed from 1/2" thick by 18" wide. All three sections are rolled to an inner radius of 48 1/2" and the welded gusset plates are all 1/2" thick. The upper sections are formed at 105° each, and the upper load bolt is 2" in diameter while the six clamping bolts are 1 1/2" in diameter.
The maximum load to be carried by these pipe clamps is 16,888 lb. Each pipe clamp will be used in conjunction with a variable spring support to accommodate movements as high as 2 1/4".
Mk 49 Mine.
Similar in diameter but only half the length of the MK14 torpedo, this 2000lb mine is fired from a torpedo tube. Laying on the ocean floor in depths of up to 200 feet this mine is designed to explode when the magnetic field of a ship passes over the mine. Developed in 1951 this mine is no longer in use.
(Text Submarine Force Museum)
MK 37 Torpedo.
The Mark 37 torpedo is a torpedo with electrical propulsion, developed for the US Navy after World War II. It entered service with the US Navy in the early 1950s, with over 3,300 produced. It was phased out of service with the US Navy during the 1970s, and the stockpiles were sold to foreign navies.
(Text Wikipedia)
With the height of 112.5 meters and diameter of 100 meters, Tempozan Harbor Village Ferris wheel was once the largest Ferris wheel in the world.Tempozan Harbor Village Ferris wheel was surpassed by London Eye when it opened to public in 1999, however, some argues that London Eye is actually an observation wheel which is considered to be another kind of wheel and shouldn't be counted in the Ferris wheel ranking. Nevertheless, some newcomers like Palette Town Ferris wheel (opened in 1999, located in Odaiba, Tokyo, with same diameter as Tempozan, but 2.5 meters more in total height), Sky Dream Fukuoka (opened in 2002, with 112 meters in diameter and 120 meters in total height), or the Diamond and Flower Ferris wheel of Kasai Rinkai Park, east of Tokyo (opened in 2005, 111 meters in diameter and 117 meters in height), exceeded Tempozan with small margins.
The Ferris wheel was opened to public on July 12, 1997. During its 17-minute ride, it offers a view of Osaka Bay and surrounding areas, such as Ikoma Mountains to the east, Akashi Strait Pearl Bridge to the west, Kansai International Airport to the south, and Rokko Mountains to the north.
The wheel has colored lights that provide a weather forecast for the next day. Orange lights indicate a sunny day, green lights a cloudy day and blue lights indicate rain.
cartographic-images.net/255_Unknown.html
Anonymous world map, 1485, 17.5 cm diameter
TITLE: A Circular, Copper-engraved, Medieval World Map
DATE: 1485
AUTHOR: unknown
DESCRIPTION: Printed medieval world maps (map-incunabula) can be arranged in three types: (1) schematic copies of maps in manuscripts of the early Middle Ages, the so-called wheel-maps, T-O maps and zonal maps from 1472 (#201 and #205); (2) maps made after the pattern of the so-called monastic maps (in Rudimentum Novitiorum (#253) and Mer des Histoires, by Rüst and Sporer, from 1475; and (3) copies of Ptolemy’s world map, with or without minor corrections in the north of Europe from 1477. None of these types seem to be influenced by the advances in geographical knowledge which set in from the beginning of the 15th century, “the age of discoveries”, particularly in regard to knowledge of West Africa, and which are recorded in many manuscript medieval maps; there is thus no group of printed maps based on Spanish, Portuguese, or Italian portolans, notwithstanding their proximity in time. The reason for this may be sought in the fact that such portolan [nautical] charts were kept secret by the rival powers in the interests of colonial policy. Only one map-incunabulum, however, cannot be included in any of these three above-mentioned groups: an anonymous and undated circular world map engraved on copper, certainly in Italy and at Venice, and to be ascribed to approximately 1485.
The map that is the subject of this monograph (bearing neither title, indication of author, place of execution, or date) is engraved on a circular copper-plate (of a diameter of about 17.5 cm), and measures 17 cm (N-S) by 17.3 cm (W-E). The paper is a fairly thick “incunable” paper with very thin longitudinal lines traced at rather more than one millimeter distance and thicker transverse lines at a distance of about 33 mm, without watermark.
The map-picture presents the eastern hemisphere of the world as it was then known in Europe, in our present-day conception (i.e., North at the top). Its basis is the representation of Ptolemy’s world map, although the author does not slavishly adhere to it. Rather he has in mind the medieval Christian belief in an earthly Paradise with four rivers flowing from it; but he takes special account of advances in knowledge of the three parts of the world made since Ptolemy. There is no division into degrees or zones. The nomenclature is given in the Latin language, as used in the age of the Roman Empire, and is executed in Roman type.
The continents, with the islands pertaining to them, almost reach the edges of the map, so that the ocean, as in most of the medieval manuscript maps, is limited to a narrow circle; there is however a large patch of ocean, but without any name, in the Gulf of Guinea. The ocean is represented by means of numerous lines parallel to the edge of the map, while the inland seas, among which even the Indian Ocean is found, are represented by horizontal, straight (W-E) and dense lines, so that the darker water surfaces stand out clearly on the lighter surface of the land. The contours of the mainland and islands are, besides, stressed by narrow shading.
Rivers are marked by plain lines corresponding to their actual or presumed course; often they flow from mountains, sometimes across them, which is in itself no absurdity though the representation of valleys is lacking. Mountains are represented by conventional signs in perspective, of different length and height, and are mostly drawn as rows of mountains stretching from west to east (they are left white in my copy, but in Hind’s they are colored); only the Appenines, Alps, Karst and Balkans are characterized, in conformity with their crooked outline, by a connected chain of mountains. The few towns indicated in the map are represented by towered buildings of different sizes.
Legends are confined to the most important indications, so that the map-picture is not overcrowded with an excessive number of names and legends, as was customary in most medieval maps. From an orthographic point of view, the names are unusually correct; the Latin ‘æ’ is mostly transcribed, as was then customary in Italy, by ‘e’. The cardinal points are indicated in the ocean in their respective places by Septentrio, Oriens, Auster and Occidens.
Places in Europe that are indicated (in larger type) include the following:
a) on the Continent: Ispania Taraconesis, Lusitania Isp., Betica Isp. - Gallia Lugdunensis (indicated in its correct place and not, as Destombes says, in the wrong one, for the Roman province comprised also Brittany and Normandy beside other parts of France) - Gallia Belgica. - Germania Magna, Retia, Vindelitia. Italia, Venetie, Roma (as a town) - Dalmatia, Macedonia, Pelopone[sus] - Tanais Fl., Sarmatia Europae, Datia, Danubius Fl., Tracia - Norbegia, Suetia q[uae] est Gottia, Helandia [Halandia], Engrovelant, Gottia Orientalis;
b) Seas and Islands: Germanicus Oceanus, Sarmaticum, Egeum Mare, Pontus Euxinus [Black Sea] - Gotcia [Gotland], Albion [Scotland], Britanica [England], Ibernia, Baleares lnsule, Corsica, Sardinia, Sicilia, Creta .
Places in “Africa” (in larger type) include the following::
a) on the Continent: Mauritania Tingitana, Mauritania Cesarensis [indicated in its correct place and not, as Destombes says, in the wrong one (Algeria of today], Africa [as a Roman Province - Tunis of today], Cartago (as a town), Marmarica, Egyptus, Alexandria and Thebe (as towns), Getusia [Getulia], Libya Interior, Aethiopia, Nilus Fl. (named three times at the length of its course), Meroe Insula, Trogloditica Regio;
b) Seas and Islands: Sircis (Little Syrte), Sirtis Magna, Rubrum Mare, Indicum Mare; Fortunate Insule.
Places in “Asia” (in larger type) include the following::
a) on the Continent: Hyperborei M., Rha Fl., Sarmatia Asiae, Iberia, Colchias, Albania, Ilircanum Mare, Sogdiana, Margiana, Hircania, Pontus,Asia [as a Roman Province in western Asia Minor], Licia, Paphilia, Cilicia, Capadocia (the name is divided in four parts), Armenia, Armenia Maior, Syria, Juda, Hierusalem (as a town), Arabia Petrea, Arabia Felix, Arabia Deserta, Assiria, Babylonia, Susiana, Persia, Media, Aria, Carmania, India (named twice), Fison Fl., Eufrates Fl., Tigris Fl., Paradisus;
b) Seas and Islands: Persicum Mare; Cyprus, Taprobana Insula.
Moreover, many mountains and waters are represented without any names, e.g. in Europe: the Rhine with two branches at its mouth, four branches of the Danube at its mouth, mountains along the length of Scandinavia, imaginary mountains in Central Russia (giving birth to the Don); in Asia: the correct upper course of the Euphrates, an imaginary river taking its sources in the Elbrooz and flowing in the direction of the Euphrates, mountains in India and two mountains in easternmost Asia, from the northernmost of which the Oxus flows to the Caspian Sea and another river runs southwards and reaches the Fison [Ganges)]; the Lake of Paradise gives birth to four rivers of Paradise; in Africa: the mountains south of the present-day Tunis, from which a river takes its sources and flows to the Mediterranean, southeast of these some other mountains connected with the former by a river (Gir); in central Africa Lunae Montes with the sources of the Nile, three of which are quickly united, mountains in eastern Africa (Garbato Mons?) with one more source of the Nile, and three mountains in the southern, elongated toward Asia, part of Africa, from the western-most of which run two sources of the Nile which soon unite, while from the central mountain, through which runs the upper course of the main branch of the Nile, a river flows southward to the Ocean.
Regarding the outline of the coasts, a considerable improvement can be observed in respect of Europe in comparison with printed Ptolemaic maps of the 15th century, particularly in regard to the position of Italy which is altered to a more northwesterly and southeasterly direction, instead of the usual excessive west-easterly direction, and also in regard to the better representation of the British Isles, in particular, the omission of the northern part of the main island lying in a west-easterly direction at a right angle to England. Also Scandinavia, which was usually lacking or, as in the Ulm edition of Ptolemy (#119) in a special map of the northern countries, was represented as an island, appears here for the first time on a printed map in the shape of a natural peninsula. The representation of Greenland (bearing for the first time a name on a printed map) almost conforms to that in the above cited special map of the North: it is a peninsula of the Eurasian continent bearing the name of “Engrovelant”, probably a mutilation of the name due to the copyist’s error, a frequent occurrence in the 15th century. In Asia, we are surprised at the correct representation of the Caspian Sea, unlike that in all other manuscript maps. Even in Fra Mauro’s map of 1450 (#249) only the shape, but not the orientation, of this sea is true to reality. The inclusion of an earthly Paradise at the easternmost limit of the explored world and the four rivers taking their sources there conform to the medieval Christian conception of the world and is encountered in nearly all manuscript maps from Cosmas Indicopleustes (sixth century, #202) to Andrea Bianco (1436, #241), as well as in map-incunabula of the monastic type. The representation of the south coast of Asia differs considerably from that in most contemporary medieval maps, especially in Ptolemaic maps; in this respect the author approaches the Arab Idrisi’s conception (#219), that of the Catalan-Estense world map (about 1450, Modena, #246), and that of Fra Mauro’s map (#249), for he represents only the smaller Indian peninsulas and not the big Ptolemaic Aurea Chersonesus.
An obvious and retrograde feature of the map, when compared to earlier maps, is that no consideration is given to the discoveries made in East Asia by medieval Italian explorers. In the representation of Africa the author was evidently guided by two leading principles: on the one hand, adherence to Ptolemy’s viewpoint as regards the land connection of South Africa and East Asia, and on the other hand, consideration of the recent discoveries made by the Portuguese on the west coast of Africa, which, however, in no wise contradict Ptolemy’s conception. The effort to compare separate bays and points of the West African coast on the map with the actual ones in order to find out how much of the Portuguese discoveries were known to our author would be in vain. The general impression can be gathered, however, that the navigation round the Bay of Biafra (1475: Cabo de Catarina 22 degrees south latitude was reached by Ruy Sequeira) was the last achievement in the exploration of the west coast of Africa recorded by the map. Later discoveries, made by Diogo Cão (1482-85) as far as Cape Cross (approximately 22 degrees south latitude) were certainly unknown to the author of the map. Regarding the sources of the Nile, the author tries to connect Ptolemy’s point of view with the medieval one based on a certain interpretation of the Bible (the four rivers of Paradise: the Pison [Fison = Ganges)] the Gihon [Nile], the Hiddekce [Tigris] and the Euphrates), and shows one of them, flowing from the Lake of Paradise, running through the whole length of Africa and uniting the other sources coming from the mountains only in the middle of the Continent.
Italy can with some certainty be considered to be the land of this map’s provenance. Copper-engraved maps were not produced in any other country in the Middle Ages and, besides, at that time Italy was the only country where cartographic style had, under the influence of the Renaissance, developed such clear and classical lines and rejected all Gothic ornaments, as shown in this circular world map. Considering that, on the small space which the map has available for legends, Venetie is the only province in Italy bearing a name, it can be assumed with most probability that Venice was the place of its production, especially as this town simultaneously presented the world with another outstanding set of printed maps, i.e., the Isolario of Bartolomeo dalli Sonetti, not to mention Fra Mauro’s large hand-illuminated world map produced at an earlier date (#249). As the map has neither title nor legends, it can be presumed that it was designed as an appendix to a printed book of average format, e.g., an edition of Ptolemy, Solinus, or the like. Its maker, in contrast to his contemporaries Hanns Rust and Hanns Sporer, must have been not only a highly educated humanist, but even a person of independent opinions, who, notwithstanding his belief in the tradition of the Bible and his veneration of Ptolemy’s authority, was receptive to the progress in knowledge of the late Middle Ages. He had naturally made use of all the data available to him from verbal, literary and cartographic sources, access to which was probably attended with great difficulty considering that many of the maps (portolans) extant in those days, particularly manuscript, were kept secret. However, he wholly suppressed those representations which contradicted his Christian conception of the world, e.g., Marco Polo’s revelations (especially in respect of the eastward course of the rivers in eastern Asia, as this was incompatible with the Biblical rivers flowing from Paradise south and westward). The author did not share the view of some of the medieval cartographers, as known to us, that Africa was divided from Asia by a more or less wide and open ocean, because he probably regarded Ptolemy as more trustworthy than Herodotus or Idrisi; for the rest, the difference between his representation of Africa and that of Idrisi and his adherents, regarding the southern extremity of Africa protruding far out to the east and the chain of islands adjacent to it stretching out in the direction of southeastern Asia, is not so great.
From the latest data recorded on the map, in particular the representation of Guinea, bearing in mind that a certain interval in time had to elapse between the date of a discovery and its recording on a map, and from the technique of the copper-engraving and quality of the paper, the date of the appearance of the map can be fixed at the middle eighties of the I5th century.
Summarizing, it can be said that this map, in spite of many discrepancies, represents an important milestone in the history of cartography. It is the first (and perhaps the only 15th century) printed world map showing a part of the New World (Greenland), though somewhat incorrectly drawn, and the discoveries of the Portuguese on the west coast of Africa. Deviating from the ordinary type of map with the hardly understandable Ptolemaic projection and from the Gothic map of the monastic type overcrowded with ornaments, this map gives us, on a small scale, an idea of the outline of the world, as it presented itself in the last phase of the Middle Ages.
A work based on a critical and subtle combination of the available source-materials, and not on the copies of antique and medieval maps customary in those days, ought to be appreciated as a real achievement in geographic science. It adds a new leaf to the wreath of fame crowning the Italian art of cartography.
LOCATION: E. Woldan Collection, Vienna
REFERENCES:
*Shirley, R.W., The Mapping of the World, pp. 13-14, Plate 22.
*Woldan, E., “A circular, copper-engraved, medieval world map”, Imago Mundi, 1954.
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ARENTZEN, Jorg-Geerd (1984). Imago Mundi Cartographica. Studien zur Bildlichkeit Mittelalterlicher Welt- und Oekumene Karten unter besonderer Berucksichtigung des Zusammenwirkens von Text und Bild. Wilhelm Fink Verlag, Munchen. ISBN 3-7705-2258-3
LED fountain accessories, underwater lightings
Art No.: RS-UW9x3W-B
Diameter=160mm
Height=60mm
9x3W, Good LED chip
12V, low and safe working voltage
IP68, waterproof
For pool, pond, fountain underwater landscape decoration lightings
The diameter of this flower is less than 1mm.
More about thisplant: www.luontoportti.com/suomi/en/kukkakasvit/strict-forget-m...
USS Iowa (BB-61) launched in 1942, with First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt in attendance. To ferry President Roosevelt to the Cairo & Tehran Conferences, the Iowa was fitted w/ a bathtub for the President's (paralyzed in 1921) convenience. The Iowa transferred to the Pacific Fleet in 1944 & saw much action. She was Adm. Halsey's flagship at the Japanese surrender in Tokyo Bay. During the Korean War, the Iowa served in raids on the N. Korean coast. Reactivated in 1984, she operated in both Atlantic & Pacific Fleets. In 1989, an explosion wrecked her #2 gun turret, killing 47 sailors. The ship finally was decommissioned in 1990. On 7 July, 2012, she was opened to the public at the Port of Los Angeles, San Pedro, as battleship museum and memorial.
Iowa's 16-inch-diameter guns were the biggest ever sent to sea on a U.S. ship. It took at least 77 men to fire the three guns in a single turret. The Iowa has three of these turrets. Ship's length: 887'. Beam: 108'. Speed: 33 knots. Compliment: 151 officers, 2637 enlisted
Cutting a 4 inch diameter western hemlock for stump treatment. Fomes annosus control study.
Photo by: J.H. Thompson
Date: March 1970
Credit: USDA Forest Service, Region 6, State and Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection.
Source: Division of Timber Management, Insect and Disease Control Branch Collection; Regional Office, Portland, Oregon.
Image: ID-749
Image provided by USDA Forest Service, Region 6, State and Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection: www.fs.usda.gov/main/r6/forest-grasslandhealth
Large Round Jewellery Glass Beaded Bracelet Bangle New Fantastically coloured glass beaded jewellery bracelet bangles. Each large bangle is approximately 9 inches long with a diameter of approximately 3 inches and small bangles are approximately 8 inches long with a diameter of approximatelyÂ
spoilmesilly.com.au/?product=glass-beaded-jewellery-brace...
USS Iowa (BB-61) launched in 1942, with First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt in attendance. To ferry President Roosevelt to the Cairo & Tehran Conferences, the Iowa was fitted w/ a bathtub for the President's (paralyzed in 1921) convenience. The Iowa transferred to the Pacific Fleet in 1944 & saw much action. She was Adm. Halsey's flagship at the Japanese surrender in Tokyo Bay. During the Korean War, the Iowa served in raids on the N. Korean coast. Reactivated in 1984, she operated in both Atlantic & Pacific Fleets. In 1989, an explosion wrecked her #2 gun turret, killing 47 sailors. The ship finally was decommissioned in 1990. On 7 July, 2012, she was opened to the public at the Port of Los Angeles, San Pedro, as battleship museum and memorial.
Iowa's 16-inch-diameter guns were the biggest ever sent to sea on a U.S. ship. It took at least 77 men to fire the three guns in a single turret. The Iowa has three of these turrets. Ship's length: 887'. Beam: 108'. Speed: 33 knots. Compliment: 151 officers, 2637 enlisted
Looking up the cables on the Dent Bridge in Clearwater County, Idaho on the Dworshack Reservoir. Photographed on April 26, 2015 for Worldwide Pinhole Photography Day using a Voightlander 116 roll film camera converted to a pinhole. The film is expired mystery film exposed at 12 ISO. The pinhole is 0.5mm diameter, I had it set at about a 135mm focal length which gave me f/270. Semi-Stand developed in Adonal (Rodinal) 1-100 for 1 hour.
This new 16" diameter inflatable globe featurs the latest generation of NASA satellite imagery.
Each EarthBall also displays 'NightGlow Cities', allowing you to see the world's cities glowing brightly at night.
Small diameter logs removed from forest thinning to be manufactured into post and poles. Grant awarded from USDA Grant to assist with a survey of roundwood manufacturing sites across the western U.S. to better characterize the roundwood industry and strengthen the supply chain. tinyurl.com/y94jt6py.
Western Wood Preservers Institute. USDA photo by Julie Kies.