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Dialect in my homeland...means..it tastes really good 😅..I wish all of you a wonderful weekend..be happy..ALWAYS 💗
Gallipoli is a southern Italian town and comune in the province of Lecce, in Apulia. In 2014, it had a population of 31,862 and is one of the towns where the Greek dialect Griko is spoken.According to a legend, the city was founded in ancient times by Idomeneus of Crete. Pliny the Elder attributes the foundation to the Senones Gauls, while more likely it was a Messapic settlement. Historically, what is known is that Gallipoli was a city of the Greater Greece, ruling over a large territory including today's Porto Cesareo. In 265 BC it sided with Pyrrhus and Taranto against ancient Rome, suffering a defeat which relegated it to a Roman colony (later a municipium).
In the early Middle Ages, it was most likely sacked by the Vandals and the Goths. Rebuilt by the Byzantines, Gallipoli lived an economically and socially flourishing period due to its geographical position. Later it was owned by the Roman Popes, and was a centre of fighting against the Greek monastic orders.
In the 11th century Gallipoli was conquered by the Normans and, in 1268, it was besieged by Charles I of Anjou, causing numerous inhabitants to flee to the nearby Alezio. The city was repopulated around 1300, under the feudal rule of the principality of Taranto. In 1484 the Venetians tried to occupy it, but without results. King Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies started the construction of the port, which in the 18th century became the largest olive oil market in the Mediterranean.
After the unification of Italy (1861), Gallipoli was capital of a circondario, together with Lecce and Taranto.
Talkin Tarn is a glacial lake and country park near Brampton, Cumbria, England. The lake is a kettle hole lake, formed 10,000 years ago by mass glacial action.
The name is of Brittonic origin. The Brittonic dialect known as Cumbric was formerly spoken in the area. The first element, tal, means "brow" or "end" in Brittonic and modern Welsh, Cornish, and Breton. The second element is unclear. It may come from the Brittonic word which appears in Welsh and Old Cornish as can ("white") and Breton as kann ("bland, brilliant"). Talkin may be a hill-name meaning "white brow".
'Tarn' is derived from Old Norse 'tjǫrn' and then Middle English 'terne' meaning 'small mountain pool' or 'small lake'.
Talkin Tarn Country Park is owned and maintained by Carlisle City Council. It is home to the Boat House Tea Rooms, Brampton Sailing Club, and Talkin Tarn Amateur Rowing Club. The profits from the Tea Rooms and the pay and display car parking are reinvested in the up keep and improvement of the site.
Rowing is an activity at Talkin Tarn. The rowing club, Talkin Tarn Amateur Rowing Club, celebrated its 150th anniversary in 2009. Rowing races were first held on Talkin Tarn in the 1850s, and the Rowing Club was formed in 1859 by local townsfolk, several descendants of whom still live in the area. It is the oldest rowing club in the North of England, with the exception of Tyne Rowing Club, and is the 14th oldest non-university club in the country. Talkin Tarn Annual Regatta has grown considerably in recent years from a total entry of 20 in 1946 and 97 in 1988 to what it is today – very successful and one of the largest one-day regattas outside of London with total entries now in excess of 400.
On 9th November 1983 an Aerospatiale Gazelle Helicopter (reg G-SFTB) crashed into the tarn during a low level training flight from Carlisle Airport. The single occupant escaped the crash but the helicopter, once raised from the bottom, was damaged beyond repair.
Research on climate change carried out at Talkin Tarn was published in 2004.
Old buckles, stone axes, and urns have been found in the area.
#talkin #talkintarn #talkintarncountrypark
More photos of Talkin Tarn here: www.flickr.com/photos/davidambridge/albums/72157633050144969
Talkin Tarn is a glacial lake and country park near Brampton, Cumbria, England. The lake is a kettle hole lake, formed 10,000 years ago by mass glacial action.
The name is of Brittonic origin. The Brittonic dialect known as Cumbric was formerly spoken in the area. The first element, tal, means "brow" or "end" in Brittonic and modern Welsh, Cornish, and Breton. The second element is unclear. It may come from the Brittonic word which appears in Welsh and Old Cornish as can ("white") and Breton as kann ("bland, brilliant"). Talkin may be a hill-name meaning "white brow".
'Tarn' is derived from Old Norse 'tjǫrn' and then Middle English 'terne' meaning 'small mountain pool' or 'small lake'.
Talkin Tarn Country Park is owned and maintained by Carlisle City Council. It is home to the Boat House Tea Rooms, Brampton Sailing Club, and Talkin Tarn Amateur Rowing Club. The profits from the Tea Rooms and the pay and display car parking are reinvested in the up keep and improvement of the site.
Rowing is an activity at Talkin Tarn. The rowing club, Talkin Tarn Amateur Rowing Club, celebrated its 150th anniversary in 2009. Rowing races were first held on Talkin Tarn in the 1850s, and the Rowing Club was formed in 1859 by local townsfolk, several descendants of whom still live in the area. It is the oldest rowing club in the North of England, with the exception of Tyne Rowing Club, and is the 14th oldest non-university club in the country. Talkin Tarn Annual Regatta has grown considerably in recent years from a total entry of 20 in 1946 and 97 in 1988 to what it is today – very successful and one of the largest one-day regattas outside of London with total entries now in excess of 400.
On 9th November 1983 an Aerospatiale Gazelle Helicopter (reg G-SFTB) crashed into the tarn during a low level training flight from Carlisle Airport. The single occupant escaped the crash but the helicopter, once raised from the bottom, was damaged beyond repair.
Research on climate change carried out at Talkin Tarn was published in 2004.
Old buckles, stone axes, and urns have been found in the area.
Talkin Tarn is a glacial lake and country park near Brampton, Cumbria, England. The lake is a kettle hole lake, formed 10,000 years ago by mass glacial action.
The name is of Brittonic origin. The Brittonic dialect known as Cumbric was formerly spoken in the area. The first element, tal, means "brow" or "end" in Brittonic and modern Welsh, Cornish, and Breton. The second element is unclear. It may come from the Brittonic word which appears in Welsh and Old Cornish as can ("white") and Breton as kann ("bland, brilliant"). Talkin may be a hill-name meaning "white brow".
'Tarn' is derived from Old Norse 'tjǫrn' and then Middle English 'terne' meaning 'small mountain pool' or 'small lake'.
Talkin Tarn Country Park is owned and maintained by Cumberland Council. It is home to the Boat House Tea Rooms, Brampton Sailing Club, and Talkin Tarn Amateur Rowing Club. The profits from the Tea Rooms and the pay and display car parking are reinvested in the up keep and improvement of the site.
Rowing is an activity at Talkin Tarn. The rowing club, Talkin Tarn Amateur Rowing Club, celebrated its 150th anniversary in 2009. Rowing races were first held on Talkin Tarn in the 1850s, and the Rowing Club was formed in 1859 by local townsfolk, several descendants of whom still live in the area. It is the oldest rowing club in the North of England, with the exception of Tyne Rowing Club, and is the 14th oldest non-university club in the country. Talkin Tarn Annual Regatta has grown considerably in recent years from a total entry of 20 in 1946 and 97 in 1988 to what it is today – very successful and one of the largest one-day regattas outside of London with total entries now in excess of 400.
On 9th November 1983 an Aerospatiale Gazelle Helicopter (reg G-SFTB) crashed into the tarn during a low level training flight from Carlisle Airport. The single occupant escaped the crash but the helicopter, once raised from the bottom, was damaged beyond repair.
Research on climate change carried out at Talkin Tarn was published in 2004.
Old buckles, stone axes, and urns have been found in the area.
#talkin #talkintarn #talkintarncountrypark
More photos of Talkin Tarn here: www.flickr.com/photos/davidambridge/albums/72157633050144969
Talkin Tarn is a glacial lake and country park near Brampton, Cumbria, England. The lake is a kettle hole lake, formed 10,000 years ago by mass glacial action.
The name is of Brittonic origin. The Brittonic dialect known as Cumbric was formerly spoken in the area. The first element, tal, means "brow" or "end" in Brittonic and modern Welsh, Cornish, and Breton. The second element is unclear. It may come from the Brittonic word which appears in Welsh and Old Cornish as can ("white") and Breton as kann ("bland, brilliant"). Talkin may be a hill-name meaning "white brow".
'Tarn' is derived from Old Norse 'tjǫrn' and then Middle English 'terne' meaning 'small mountain pool' or 'small lake'.
Talkin Tarn Country Park is owned and maintained by Carlisle City Council. It is home to the Boat House Tea Rooms, Brampton Sailing Club, and Talkin Tarn Amateur Rowing Club. The profits from the Tea Rooms and the pay and display car parking are reinvested in the up keep and improvement of the site.
Rowing is an activity at Talkin Tarn. The rowing club, Talkin Tarn Amateur Rowing Club, celebrated its 150th anniversary in 2009. Rowing races were first held on Talkin Tarn in the 1850s, and the Rowing Club was formed in 1859 by local townsfolk, several descendants of whom still live in the area. It is the oldest rowing club in the North of England, with the exception of Tyne Rowing Club, and is the 14th oldest non-university club in the country. Talkin Tarn Annual Regatta has grown considerably in recent years from a total entry of 20 in 1946 and 97 in 1988 to what it is today – very successful and one of the largest one-day regattas outside of London with total entries now in excess of 400.
On 9th November 1983 an Aerospatiale Gazelle Helicopter (reg G-SFTB) crashed into the tarn during a low level training flight from Carlisle Airport. The single occupant escaped the crash but the helicopter, once raised from the bottom, was damaged beyond repair.
Research on climate change carried out at Talkin Tarn was published in 2004.
Old buckles, stone axes, and urns have been found in the area.
#talkin #talkintarn #talkintarncountrypark
More photos of Talkin Tarn here: www.flickr.com/photos/davidambridge/albums/72157633050144969
Palazzo ducale di Modena, Scuola militare,
Palacio Ducal de Módena, Academia militar,
Ducal Palace of Modena, Military school,
Módena (Mòdna en dialecto modenés; Modena en italiano) es una ciudad italiana, capital de la provincia de Módena, en la región Emilia-Romaña. Cuenta con una población de 184 973 habitantes. La catedral, la Torre Cívica («Ghirlandina») y la Piazza Grande de la ciudad están declaradas Patrimonio de la Humanidad por la Unesco.
Módena queda en la llanura padana, y está rodeada por dos ríos, el Secchia y el Panaro, ambos afluentes del Po. Su presencia está simbolizada por la fuente de los dos ríos, en el centro de la ciudad, obra de Giuseppe Graziosi. La ciudad está conectada con el Panaro a través del canal Naviglio.
La cordillera de los Apeninos comienzan a unos 10 kilómetros al sur de la ciudad.
Módena es un importante centro industrial. La ciudad se ubica en el corazón de la «Motor Valley» que forma un conjunto de grupos industriales prestigios así como numerosos circuitos y museos. Las empresas Lamborghini, Pagani, Ferrari y Maserati tienen su sede dentro de un radio de 20 km alrededor de Módena.
Ubicado en la llanura Padana, el territorio modenés dispone de importantes riquezas gustativas. Su producto líder es el vinagre balsámico producido en los dominios agrícolas en el entorno de Módena. La base de su elaboración son las uvas cosechadas en los viñedos de la provincia. El lambrusco, vino rosado burbujeante, tiene como origen las viñas cercanas de Módena y Reggio Emilia. Además, Módena es la tierra del queso parmigiano reggiano y del jamón de Módena. Junto con Bolonia, Módena comparte el lugar de origen de la pasta tortellini.
El Duomo de Módena, la Torre Ghirlandina y la Piazza Grande están incluidos desde 1997 dentro del Patrimonio mundial de la UNESCO. El arquitecto Lanfranco y el escultor Wiligelmo erigieron el Duomo en el siglo XII por San Geminiano, obispo de Módena y Santo Patrón de la ciudad. Entre 1179 y 1319 se construyó la torre Ghirlandina asociada con el Duomo. Su nombre de Ghirlandina -guirnalda- resulta de su forma y recuerda la torre Giralda de Sevilla.
Durante más de dos siglos, la familia Este tenía como sede el Palazzo Ducale (palacio ducal). Hoy en día, este palacio recibe la Academia militar.
El Palazzo Comunale –ayuntamiento– cuya la fachada está en la Piazza Grande abarca un conjunto de edificios más antiguos. Dentro del edificio se encuentra la Secchia rapita –el cubo raptado- uno de los símbolos de la ciudad. La estatua de la Bonissima, símbolo de bondad, está posada en la esquina exterior del Palazzo Comunale.
Iglesias. Módena es una ciudad rica en iglesias, se cuentan más de quince en el casco histórico. También es importante nombrar a la iglesia de Santa María Pomposa, la iglesia del Voto o la iglesia de San Vicenzo. Existe también una sinagoga ubicada cerca del Palazzo Comunale.
En el mercado Albinelli se reúnen cada día productores locales de vinagre balsámico, jamón curdo o queso, entre otros.
es.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B3dena
Modena is a city and comune (municipality) on the south side of the Po Valley, in the Province of Modena, in the Emilia-Romagna region of northern Italy.
A town, and seat of an archbishop, it is known for its car industry since the factories of the famous Italian upper-class sports car makers Ferrari, De Tomaso, Lamborghini, Pagani and Maserati are, or were, located there and all, except Lamborghini, have headquarters in the city or nearby. One of Ferrari's cars, the 360 Modena, was named after the town itself. Ferrari's production plant and Formula One team Scuderia Ferrari are based in Maranello south of the city.
The University of Modena, founded in 1175 and expanded by Francesco II d'Este in 1686, focuses on economics, medicine and law, and is the second oldest athenaeum in Italy. Italian military officers are trained at the Military Academy of Modena, and partly housed in the Baroque Ducal Palace. The Biblioteca Estense houses historical volumes and 3,000 manuscripts. The Cathedral of Modena, the Torre della Ghirlandina and Piazza Grande are a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1997.
Modena is also known in culinary circles for its production of balsamic vinegar.
Famous Modenesi include Mary of Modena, the Queen consort of England and Scotland; operatic tenor Luciano Pavarotti and soprano Mirella Freni, born in Modena itself; Enzo Ferrari, eponymous founder of the Ferrari motor company; Catholic priest Gabriele Amorth; chef Massimo Bottura; comics artist Franco Bonvicini; the band Modena City Ramblers and singer-songwriter Francesco Guccini, who lived here for several decades.
Viewed from the church tower of the Church of Saint Nicholas and Saint Elizabeth. Officially, "King George of Poděbrady Square" in Czech, "Náměstí Krále Jiřího z Poděbrad".
"Cheb (German Eger, in the Sudeten German dialect of Cheb Egha; obsoletely also Heb) is a town in the district of the same name in the Karlovy Vary Region, 40 km southwest of Karlovy Vary and 5 km from the border with Germany on the Ohři River, from which it is derived from the German name of the city. The first historically preserved mention of Cheb, the central city of the entire former Chebsko, dates from 1061. Until the end of World War II, the majority of the population was German, and Cheb was an important part of the Sudetenland. After the end of the war, the German residents were displaced and the town became largely depopulated. Approximately 32 thousand inhabitants live here, which makes Cheb the second largest city in the region after Karlovy Vary. There are seven primary schools, two secondary schools, one practical school, two grammar schools and the Faculty of Economics of the University of West Bohemia in Cheb. The main industries here are engineering, textiles, metalworking, construction, woodworking and food. The neighboring municipalities of the seat are Okrouhlá, Třebeň, Pomezí nad Ohří, Nebanice, Tuřany, Odrava, Lipová, Libá, Františkovy Lázně, Waldsassen and Schirnding.
Bohemia (Latin Bohemia, German Böhmen, Polish Czechy) is a region in the west of the Czech Republic. Previously, as a kingdom, they were the center of the Czech Crown. The root of the word Czech probably corresponds to the meaning of man. The Latin equivalent of Bohemia, originally Boiohaemum (literally "land of Battles"), which over time also influenced the names in other languages, is derived from the Celtic tribe of the Boios, who lived in this area from the 4th to the 1st century BC Bohemia on it borders Germany in the west, Austria in the south, Moravia in the east and Poland in the north. Geographically, they are bounded from the north, west and south by a chain of mountains, the highest of which are the Krkonoše Mountains, in which the highest mountain of Bohemia, Sněžka, is also located. The most important rivers are the Elbe and the Vltava, with the fertile Polabean Plain extending around the Elbe. The capital and largest city of Bohemia is Prague, other important cities include, for example, Pilsen, Karlovy Vary, Kladno, Ústí nad Labem, Liberec, Hradec Králové, Pardubice and České Budějovice, Jihlava also lies partly on the historical territory of Bohemia." - info from Wikipedia.
Summer 2019 I did a solo cycling tour across Europe through 12 countries over the course of 3 months. I began my adventure in Edinburgh, Scotland and finished in Florence, Italy cycling 8,816 km. During my trip I took 47,000 photos.
Now on Instagram.
"The Kapellbrücke (literally, Chapel Bridge) is a covered wooden footbridge spanning the river Reuss diagonally in the city of Lucerne in central Switzerland. Named after the nearby St. Peter's Chapel, the bridge is unique in containing a number of interior paintings dating back to the 17th century, although many of them were destroyed along with a larger part of the centuries-old bridge in a 1993 fire. Subsequently restored, the Kapellbrücke is the oldest wooden covered bridge in Europe, as well as the world's oldest surviving truss bridge. It serves as the city's symbol and as one of Switzerland's main tourist attractions.
Part of the bridge complex is the octagonal 34.5 m (113 ft) tall (from ground) Wasserturm, which translates to "water tower," in the sense of 'tower standing in the water.' The tower pre-dated the bridge by about 30 years. Over the centuries, the tower has been used as a prison, torture chamber, and later a municipal archive as well as a local treasury. Today, the tower is closed to the public, although it houses a local artillery association and a tourist gift shop.
The bridge itself was originally built c.1365 as part of Lucerne's fortifications. It linked the old town on the right bank of the Reuss to the new town on the left bank, securing the town from attack from the south (i.e. from the lake). The bridge was initially over 270 metres (890 ft) long, although numerous shortenings over the years and river bank replenishments mean the bridge now totals only 204.7 metres (672 ft) long. It is the oldest surviving truss bridge in the world, consisting of strutted and triangulated trusses of moderate span, supported on piled trestles; as such, it is probably an evolution of the strutted bridge.
The Kapellbrücke almost burned down on 18 August 1993, destroying two thirds of its interior paintings. Shortly thereafter, the Kapellbrücke was reconstructed and again opened to the public on 14 April 1994 for a total of CHF 3.4 million.
Lucerne is unique in that its three wooden pedestrian bridges, the 14th-century Hofbrücke (now destroyed) and Kapellbrücke and the 16th-century Spreuerbrücke, all featured painted interior triangular frames. None of Europe's other wooden footbridges have this feature. The paintings, dating back to the 17th century and executed by local Catholic painter Hans Heinrich Wägmann, depict events from Lucerne's history. Of the original 158 paintings, 147 existed before the 1993 fire. After the fire, the remains of 47 paintings were collected, but ultimately only 30 were fully restored.
The wooden boards that held the paintings varied from 150 centimetres (59 in) to 181 centimetres (71 in) wide and 85 centimetres (33 in) to 95 centimetres (37 in) wide. Most of the panels were made from spruce wood boards, and only a few were made from linden wood and maple. The paintings were created during the Counter-Reformation, featuring scenes promoting the Catholic Church. The paintings were sponsored by the city's council members, who, upon sponsoring a panel, were allowed to attribute their personal coat of arms on it. An explanation of each painting was printed below each scene. The paintings ran all along the bridge, dating from the life and death of Lucerne's patron saint St.Leger to the legends of the city's other patron saint St. Maurice.
Lucerne is a city in central Switzerland, in the German-speaking portion of the country. Lucerne is the capital of the canton of Lucerne and part of the district of the same name. With a population of approximately 82,000 people, Lucerne is the most populous town in Central Switzerland, and a nexus of economics, transportation, culture, and media in the region. The city's urban area consists of 19 municipalities and towns with an overall population of about 220,000 people.
Owing to its location on the shores of Lake Lucerne (German: Vierwaldstättersee) and its outflow, the river Reuss, within sight of the mounts Pilatus and Rigi in the Swiss Alps, Lucerne has long been a destination for tourists. One of the city's famous landmarks is the Chapel Bridge (German: Kapellbrücke), a wooden bridge first erected in the 14th century.
The official language of Lucerne is the Swiss variety of Standard German, but the main spoken language is the local variant of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect." - info from Wikipedia.
During the summer of 2018 I went on my first ever cycling tour. On my own I cycled from Strasbourg, France to Geneva, Switzerland passing through the major cities of Switzerland. In total I cycled 1,185 km over the course of 16 days and took more than 8,000 photos.
Now on Instagram.
Become a patron to my photography on Patreon.
Explored Jan 20, 2015 #64
The Karl-Marx-Monument in Chemnitz, Germany, locally called Nischl (Saxon dialect for 'head'). The monument of Karl Marx's head is the most popular landmark of the city that was called Karl-Marx-Stadt (Stadt = Town) from 1953 to 1990.
With a height of 7.1 m (over 13 m including the base) and a weight of 40 tons it is the second-largest bust in the world, after the 60 cm higher Lenin's head in Ulan-Ude, Russia.
"Nuremberg (/ˈnjʊərəmbɜːrɡ/ NURE-əm-burg; German: Nürnberg [ˈnʏʁnbɛʁk]; in the local East Franconian dialect: Nämberch [ˈnɛmbɛrç]) is the largest city in Franconia, the second-largest city in the German state of Bavaria, and its 545,000 inhabitants make it the 14th-largest city in Germany.
Nuremberg sits on the Pegnitz, which carries the name Regnitz from its confluence with the Rednitz in Fürth onwards (Pegnitz→ Regnitz→ Main→ Rhine→ North Sea), and on the Rhine–Main–Danube Canal, that connects the North Sea to the Black Sea. Lying in the Bavarian administrative region of Middle Franconia, it is the largest city and unofficial capital of the entire cultural region of Franconia. The city is surrounded on three sides by the Reichswald, a large forest, and in the north lies Knoblauchsland (garlic land), an extensive vegetable growing area and cultural landscape.
The city forms a continuous conurbation with the neighbouring cities of Fürth, Erlangen and Schwabach, which is the heart of an urban area region with around 1.4 million inhabitants, while the larger Nuremberg Metropolitan Region has a population of approximately 3.6 million. It is the largest city in the East Franconian dialect area (colloquially: "Franconian"; German: Fränkisch).
Nuremberg and Fürth were once connected by the Bavarian Ludwig Railway, the first steam-hauled and overall second railway opened in Germany (1835). Today, the U1 of the Nuremberg Subway, which is the first German subway with driverless, automatically moving railcars, runs along this route. Nuremberg Airport (Flughafen Nürnberg "Albrecht Dürer") is the second-busiest airport in Bavaria after Munich Airport, and the tenth-busiest airport of the country.
Institutions of higher education in Nuremberg include the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg), Germany's 11th-largest university, with campuses in Erlangen and Nuremberg and a university hospital in Erlangen (Universitätsklinikum Erlangen), Technische Hochschule Nürnberg Georg Simon Ohm and Hochschule für Musik Nürnberg. The Nuremberg exhibition centre (Messe Nürnberg) is one of the biggest convention center companies in Germany and operates worldwide.
Nuremberg Castle and the city's walls, with their many towers, are among the most impressive in Europe. Staatstheater Nürnberg is one of the five Bavarian state theatres, showing operas, operettas, musicals, and ballets (main venue: Nuremberg Opera House), plays (main venue: Schauspielhaus Nürnberg), as well as concerts (main venue: Meistersingerhalle). Its orchestra, the Staatsphilharmonie Nürnberg, is Bavaria's second-largest opera orchestra after the Bavarian State Opera's Bavarian State Orchestra in Munich. Nuremberg is the birthplace of Albrecht Dürer and Johann Pachelbel. 1. FC Nürnberg is the most famous football club of the city and one of the most successful football clubs in Germany. Nuremberg was one of the host cities of the 2006 FIFA World Cup.
Franconia (German: Franken, pronounced [ˈfʁaŋkŋ̍]; Franconian: Franggn [ˈfrɑŋɡŋ̍]; Bavarian: Frankn) is a region of Germany, characterised by its culture and Franconian dialect (German: Fränkisch).
Franconia is made up of the three Regierungsbezirke of Lower, Middle and Upper Franconia in Bavaria, the adjacent, Franconian-speaking, South Thuringia, south of the Thuringian Forest—which constitutes the language boundary between Franconian and Thuringian— and the eastern parts of Heilbronn-Franconia in Baden-Württemberg.
Those parts of the Vogtland lying in Saxony (largest city: Plauen) are sometimes regarded as Franconian as well, because the Vogtlandian dialects are mostly East Franconian. The inhabitants of Saxon Vogtland, however, mostly do not consider themselves as Franconian. On the other hand, the inhabitants of the Hessian-speaking parts of Lower Franconia west of the Spessart (largest city: Aschaffenburg) do consider themselves as Franconian, although not speaking the dialect. Heilbronn-Franconia's largest city of Heilbronn and its surrounding areas are South Franconian-speaking, and therefore only sometimes regarded as Franconian. In Hesse, the east of the Fulda District is Franconian-speaking, and parts of the Oden Forest District are sometimes regarded as Franconian for historical reasons, but a Franconian identity did not develop there.
Franconia's largest city and unofficial capital is Nuremberg, which is contiguous with Erlangen and Fürth, with which it forms the Franconian conurbation with around 1.3 million inhabitants. Other important Franconian cities are Würzburg, Bamberg, Bayreuth, Ansbach and Coburg in Bavaria, Suhl and Meiningen in Thuringia, and Schwäbisch Hall in Baden-Württemberg.
The German word Franken—Franconians—also refers to the ethnic group, which is mainly to be found in this region. They are to be distinguished from the Germanic people of the Franks, and historically formed their easternmost settlement area. The origins of Franconia lie in the settlement of the Franks from the 6th century in the area probably populated until then mainly by the Elbe Germanic people in the Main river area, known from the 9th century as East Francia (Francia Orientalis). In the Middle Ages the region formed much of the eastern part of the Duchy of Franconia and, from 1500, the Franconian Circle. The restructuring of the south German states by Napoleon, after the demise of the Holy Roman Empire, saw most of Franconia awarded to Bavaria." - info from Wikipedia.
Summer 2019 I did a solo cycling tour across Europe through 12 countries over the course of 3 months. I began my adventure in Edinburgh, Scotland and finished in Florence, Italy cycling 8,816 km. During my trip I took 47,000 photos.
Now on Instagram.
Italien / Trentino - Tenno (Calvola)
Tenno (Tén in local dialect) is a comune (municipality) in Trentino in the northern Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, located about 30 kilometres (19 mi) southwest of Trento.
Tenno borders the following municipalities: Comano Terme, Fiavè, Arco, Ledro and Riva del Garda.
Tenno contains the waterfalls of Cascate del Varone.
Tenno hosts an yearly summer festival called Quarta d'Agosto (Fourth of August) which is celebrated the fourth Sunday of August, in Cologna.
(Wikipedia)
Tenno (auf deutsch früher Thenn) ist eine italienische Gemeinde in der Provinz Trient (Region Trentino-Südtirol) mit 2012 Einwohnern (Stand 31. Dezember 2019). Sie liegt 43 km südwestlich von Trient und 79 km nordwestlich von Verona.
Verwaltungsgliederung
Die Gemeinde Tenno setzt sich aus vier Fraktionen zusammen, zu denen wiederum mehrere Weiler (italienisch Località) gehören. Die Fraktionen, bis 1929 alle selbstständige Gemeinden, sind Cologna-Gavazzo, Tenno (Gemeindesitz), Ville del Monte und Pranzo. Die 3 Weiler Volta di No, Piazze und Teggiole sind Teil der Fraktion Cologna-Gavazzo. Die Weiler San Antonio, Calvola, Pastoedo, Canale, Lago di Tenno und Mattoni gehören zur Fraktion Ville del Monte.
Die Nachbargemeinden sind: Arco, Comano Terme, Fiavè, Ledro und Riva del Garda.
Geografie
Tenno liegt im Hinterland des Gardasees, einige Kilometer nördlich von Riva del Garda. Das Gemeindegebiet von Tenno auch als Tennese bezeichnet, erstreckt sich vom Ort Gavazzo Nuova (201 m s.l.m.) bis zum Rio Secco oberhalb des Tennosees und umfasst den ganzen dazwischen liegenden Bereich.
Eingegrenzt im Osten vom Monte Misone (1803 m s.l.m.) und seinen Ausläufern, liegen westlich die Berge der Ledrogruppe, denen der Monte Tombio (841 m s.l.m.) und der Monte S. Martino (1075 m s.l.m.) vorgelagert sind. Unterhalb des Monte Misone liegt der durch einen Hangrutsch im 12. Jahrhundert aufgestaute Tennosee. Das vom See in nordnordwestlicher Richtung weiterverlaufende und vom Rio Secco durchzogene Tal verengt sich zusehends und endet am Passo di Ballino (755 m s.l.m.), der bereits im Gemeindegebiet von Fiavè liegt und die geographische Grenze zu den Äußeren Judikarien darstellt. Dieser obere nördliche Bereich unterscheidet sich wesentlich vom südlichen vom Rio Magnone durchflossenen breiteren Abschnitt, der klimatisch vom nahe liegenden Gardasee beeinflusst wird.
Dieses nach dem Rio Magnone benannte Tal, Valle di Magnone, ist durch einen Gletscher entstanden, dessen Moräne am südöstlichen Ende des Tales eine terrassenartige Stufe aufgeworfen hat, auf der die Burg von Tenno liegt. Der Magnone, der an den Osthängen des Corno di Pichea (2138 m s.l.m.) entspringt hat das Tal tief eingeschnitten und überwindet die Moränenstufe in einem fast 100 m hohen klammartigen Wasserfall oberhalb von Varone, einer Fraktion von Riva del Garda, nach der der Wasserfall, Cascate del Varone, auch benannt ist. Der zweite erwähnenswerte Wasserlauf, der Rio Secco, im nördlichen Bereich, entspringt am Dosso della Torta (2156 m s.l.m.) und ist der einzige bedeutende Zufluss des Tennosees.
Alle Orte der Gemeinde liegen mit Ausnahme von Pranzo (463 m s.l.m.) auf der orographisch linken Talseite.
Das Gemeindegebiet von Tenno ist auch in der jüngeren Vergangenheit immer wieder von Erdrutschen heimgesucht worden. So löste sich westlich des Tennosees nach mehrtägigen schweren Regenfällen im November 2000 ein über 4 Millionen Kubikmeter großer Hangrutsch, der nicht nur den Lauf des Rio Magnone, sondern auch das Aussehen des Tales veränderte.
Geschichte
Tenno wurde 1194 als Theni erstmals urkundlich erwähnt. Wie Funde bezeugen, war die Gegend um Tenno aber bereits zur Bronzezeit besiedelt. Der Ortsname geht vermutlich auf eine langobardische Siedlung zurück, von der bei Ausgrabungen Reste gefunden wurden.
Die Lage an einer wichtigen Straße, die das Nordufer des Gardasees mit den Judikarien über den Passo Balino verband sowie der nahegelegene Pass Bocca di Trat, der eine wichtige Verbindung in das Ledrotal darstellte, waren ausschlaggebend für die Entwicklung des Ortes und seiner Burg. Tenno bestand historisch aus drei auch sonst klar von einander abgegrenzten Ortsteilen, den sogenannte Ville del Piano, die sich damit von den darüber gelegenen Ville del Monte auch namentlich unterschieden. Zu den Ville del Piano zählt Frapporta, der unter der Burg gelegene und mit einer eigenen Ringmauer und Türmen versehene, erstmals 1211 als infra pòrtam (deutsch zwischen den Toren) das heißt zwischen Stadt- und Burgtor erwähnte Ortsteil, der einen einzigen Wehrkomplex mit der angrenzenden Burg bildete und im Trentino eines der seltenen Beispiele darstellt, in der ein Wohnbereich in eine Wehrstruktur eingegliedert wurde.
Nördlich von Frapporta, heute rechts der zum Passo Balino führenden Staatsstraße, liegen die beiden Ortsteile Gardule und Veduto (auch als Revedù bezeichnet) mit der erstmals 1204 erwähnten Pfarrkirche Santa Maria Immacolata, die in der Vergangenheit mehrmals um- und ausgebaut wurde und deren heutiges Aussehen auf das Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts zurückgeht, während der Campanile noch aus dem 16. Jahrhundert stammt.
Nachdem Tenno seine Bedeutung als Straßenknotenpunkt mit dem Bau der Ponalestraße in das Ledrotal und der Straße durch die Limaro-Schlucht zwischen Sarche und Comano Terme in der Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts verloren hat, stellt heute der Fremdenverkehr eine bedeutende Einkommensquelle dar.
Kulinarische Spezialitäten
Tenno gilt mit Arco und Varone als Ursprungsgebiet des traditionellen Trentiner Fleischgerichts Carne Salada.
(Wikipedia)
Italien / Trentino - Tenno (Calvola)
Tenno (Tén in local dialect) is a comune (municipality) in Trentino in the northern Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, located about 30 kilometres (19 mi) southwest of Trento.
Tenno borders the following municipalities: Comano Terme, Fiavè, Arco, Ledro and Riva del Garda.
Tenno contains the waterfalls of Cascate del Varone.
Tenno hosts an yearly summer festival called Quarta d'Agosto (Fourth of August) which is celebrated the fourth Sunday of August, in Cologna.
(Wikipedia)
Tenno (auf deutsch früher Thenn) ist eine italienische Gemeinde in der Provinz Trient (Region Trentino-Südtirol) mit 2012 Einwohnern (Stand 31. Dezember 2019). Sie liegt 43 km südwestlich von Trient und 79 km nordwestlich von Verona.
Verwaltungsgliederung
Die Gemeinde Tenno setzt sich aus vier Fraktionen zusammen, zu denen wiederum mehrere Weiler (italienisch Località) gehören. Die Fraktionen, bis 1929 alle selbstständige Gemeinden, sind Cologna-Gavazzo, Tenno (Gemeindesitz), Ville del Monte und Pranzo. Die 3 Weiler Volta di No, Piazze und Teggiole sind Teil der Fraktion Cologna-Gavazzo. Die Weiler San Antonio, Calvola, Pastoedo, Canale, Lago di Tenno und Mattoni gehören zur Fraktion Ville del Monte.
Die Nachbargemeinden sind: Arco, Comano Terme, Fiavè, Ledro und Riva del Garda.
Geografie
Tenno liegt im Hinterland des Gardasees, einige Kilometer nördlich von Riva del Garda. Das Gemeindegebiet von Tenno auch als Tennese bezeichnet, erstreckt sich vom Ort Gavazzo Nuova (201 m s.l.m.) bis zum Rio Secco oberhalb des Tennosees und umfasst den ganzen dazwischen liegenden Bereich.
Eingegrenzt im Osten vom Monte Misone (1803 m s.l.m.) und seinen Ausläufern, liegen westlich die Berge der Ledrogruppe, denen der Monte Tombio (841 m s.l.m.) und der Monte S. Martino (1075 m s.l.m.) vorgelagert sind. Unterhalb des Monte Misone liegt der durch einen Hangrutsch im 12. Jahrhundert aufgestaute Tennosee. Das vom See in nordnordwestlicher Richtung weiterverlaufende und vom Rio Secco durchzogene Tal verengt sich zusehends und endet am Passo di Ballino (755 m s.l.m.), der bereits im Gemeindegebiet von Fiavè liegt und die geographische Grenze zu den Äußeren Judikarien darstellt. Dieser obere nördliche Bereich unterscheidet sich wesentlich vom südlichen vom Rio Magnone durchflossenen breiteren Abschnitt, der klimatisch vom nahe liegenden Gardasee beeinflusst wird.
Dieses nach dem Rio Magnone benannte Tal, Valle di Magnone, ist durch einen Gletscher entstanden, dessen Moräne am südöstlichen Ende des Tales eine terrassenartige Stufe aufgeworfen hat, auf der die Burg von Tenno liegt. Der Magnone, der an den Osthängen des Corno di Pichea (2138 m s.l.m.) entspringt hat das Tal tief eingeschnitten und überwindet die Moränenstufe in einem fast 100 m hohen klammartigen Wasserfall oberhalb von Varone, einer Fraktion von Riva del Garda, nach der der Wasserfall, Cascate del Varone, auch benannt ist. Der zweite erwähnenswerte Wasserlauf, der Rio Secco, im nördlichen Bereich, entspringt am Dosso della Torta (2156 m s.l.m.) und ist der einzige bedeutende Zufluss des Tennosees.
Alle Orte der Gemeinde liegen mit Ausnahme von Pranzo (463 m s.l.m.) auf der orographisch linken Talseite.
Das Gemeindegebiet von Tenno ist auch in der jüngeren Vergangenheit immer wieder von Erdrutschen heimgesucht worden. So löste sich westlich des Tennosees nach mehrtägigen schweren Regenfällen im November 2000 ein über 4 Millionen Kubikmeter großer Hangrutsch, der nicht nur den Lauf des Rio Magnone, sondern auch das Aussehen des Tales veränderte.
Geschichte
Tenno wurde 1194 als Theni erstmals urkundlich erwähnt. Wie Funde bezeugen, war die Gegend um Tenno aber bereits zur Bronzezeit besiedelt. Der Ortsname geht vermutlich auf eine langobardische Siedlung zurück, von der bei Ausgrabungen Reste gefunden wurden.
Die Lage an einer wichtigen Straße, die das Nordufer des Gardasees mit den Judikarien über den Passo Balino verband sowie der nahegelegene Pass Bocca di Trat, der eine wichtige Verbindung in das Ledrotal darstellte, waren ausschlaggebend für die Entwicklung des Ortes und seiner Burg. Tenno bestand historisch aus drei auch sonst klar von einander abgegrenzten Ortsteilen, den sogenannte Ville del Piano, die sich damit von den darüber gelegenen Ville del Monte auch namentlich unterschieden. Zu den Ville del Piano zählt Frapporta, der unter der Burg gelegene und mit einer eigenen Ringmauer und Türmen versehene, erstmals 1211 als infra pòrtam (deutsch zwischen den Toren) das heißt zwischen Stadt- und Burgtor erwähnte Ortsteil, der einen einzigen Wehrkomplex mit der angrenzenden Burg bildete und im Trentino eines der seltenen Beispiele darstellt, in der ein Wohnbereich in eine Wehrstruktur eingegliedert wurde.
Nördlich von Frapporta, heute rechts der zum Passo Balino führenden Staatsstraße, liegen die beiden Ortsteile Gardule und Veduto (auch als Revedù bezeichnet) mit der erstmals 1204 erwähnten Pfarrkirche Santa Maria Immacolata, die in der Vergangenheit mehrmals um- und ausgebaut wurde und deren heutiges Aussehen auf das Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts zurückgeht, während der Campanile noch aus dem 16. Jahrhundert stammt.
Nachdem Tenno seine Bedeutung als Straßenknotenpunkt mit dem Bau der Ponalestraße in das Ledrotal und der Straße durch die Limaro-Schlucht zwischen Sarche und Comano Terme in der Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts verloren hat, stellt heute der Fremdenverkehr eine bedeutende Einkommensquelle dar.
Kulinarische Spezialitäten
Tenno gilt mit Arco und Varone als Ursprungsgebiet des traditionellen Trentiner Fleischgerichts Carne Salada.
(Wikipedia)
Neuf-Brisach in an interesting small town in Alsace in Eastern France. It is called Neu-Brisach in German and in the Alsatian dialect. The town is surrounded by very substantial fortifications, and it has a very large main square. When I visited, the temperature was over 35 degrees celsius and the light was harsh.
Frankreich / Provence - Colorado Provençal
The Colorado Provençal is a former open-air ochre mining site from the 19th and 20th centuries.
It is a private site, classified as a Natural Monument of Historic Character. You will discover exceptional colors in the old ochre quarries, but also the vestiges of its industrial past such as working faces, settling ponds, channels, pipes, etc.
Today's landscapes are the result of human activity and natural erosion. Colorado's unique geology and the presence of water result in exceptional vegetation with a high degree of specificity. Two marked hiking trails allow you to discover these landscapes, as well as a more unusual Colorado by observing the remarkable adaptation of plants and the crevices in the rocks.
(coloradoprovencal.fr)
Ochre (/ˈoʊkər/ OH-kər; from Ancient Greek ὤχρα (ṓkhra), from ὠχρός (ōkhrós) 'pale'), iron ochre, or ocher in American English, is a natural clay earth pigment, a mixture of ferric oxide and varying amounts of clay and sand. It ranges in colour from yellow to deep orange or brown. It is also the name of the colours produced by this pigment, especially a light brownish-yellow. A variant of ochre containing a large amount of hematite, or dehydrated iron oxide, has a reddish tint known as red ochre (or, in some dialects, ruddle).
The word ochre also describes clays coloured with iron oxide derived during the extraction of tin and copper.
Earth pigments
Ochre is a family of earth pigments, which includes yellow ochre, red ochre, purple ochre, sienna, and umber. The major ingredient of all the ochres is iron(III) oxide-hydroxide, known as limonite, which gives them a yellow colour. A range of other minerals may also be included in the mixture:
Yellow ochre, FeO(OH)·nH2O, is a hydrated iron hydroxide (limonite) also called gold ochre.
Red ochre, Fe2O3·nH2O, takes its reddish colour from the mineral hematite, which is an iron oxide, reddish brown when hydrated.
Purple ochre is a rare variant identical to red ochre chemically but of a different hue caused by different light diffraction properties associated with a greater average particle size.
Brown ochre, also FeO(OH), (goethite), is a partly hydrated iron oxide. Similarly, lepidocrocite — γ-FeO(OH), a secondary mineral, a product of the oxidation of iron ore minerals, found in brown iron ores
Sienna contains both limonite and a small amount of manganese oxide (less than 5%), which makes it darker than ochre.
Umber pigments contain a larger proportion of manganese (5-20%), which makes them a dark brown.
When natural sienna and umber pigments are heated, they are dehydrated and some of the limonite is transformed into hematite, giving them more reddish colours, called burnt sienna and burnt umber. Ochres are non-toxic and can be used to make an oil paint that dries quickly and covers surfaces thoroughly. Modern ochre pigments often are made using synthetic iron oxide. Pigments which use natural ochre pigments indicate it with the name PY-43 (Pigment yellow 43) on the label, following the Colour Index International system.
Modern history
The industrial process for making ochre pigment was developed by the French scientist Jean-Étienne Astier in the 1780s. He was from Roussillon in the Vaucluse department of Provence, and he was fascinated by the cliffs of red and yellow clay in the region. He invented a process to make the pigment on a large scale. First the clay was extracted from open pits or mines. The raw clay contained about 10 to 20 percent ochre. Then he washed the clay to separate the grains of sand from the particles of ochre. The remaining mixture was then decanted in large basins, to further separate the ochre from the sand. The water was then drained, and the ochre was dried, cut into bricks, crushed, sifted, and then classified by colour and quality. The best quality was reserved for artists' pigments.
In Britain, ochre was mined at Brixham, England. It became an important product for the British fishing industry, where it was combined with oil and used to coat sails to protect them from seawater, giving them a reddish colour. The ochre was boiled in great caldrons, together with tar, tallow and oak bark, the last ingredient giving the name of barking yards to the places where the hot mixture was painted on to the sails, which were then hung up to dry. In 1894, a theft case provided insights into the use of the pigment as a food adulterant in sausage roll production whereby the accused apprentice was taught to soak brown bread in red ochre, salt, and pepper to give the appearance of beef sausage for the filling.
As noted above, the industrial process for making ochre pigment was developed by the French scientist Jean-Étienne Astier in the 1780s, using the ochre mines and quarries in Roussillon, Rustrel, or Gargas in the Vaucluse department of Provence, in France. Thanks to the process invented by Astier and refined by his successors, ochre pigments from Vaucluse were exported across Europe and around the world. It was not only used for artists paints and house paints; it also became an important ingredient for the early rubber industry.
Ochre from Vaucluse was an important French export until the mid-20th century, when major markets were lost due to the Russian Revolution and the Spanish Civil War. Ochre also began to face growing competition from newly synthetic pigment industry. The quarries in Roussillon, Rustrel, the Mines of Bruoux closed one by one. Today, the last quarry in activity is in Gargas (Vaucluse) and belongs to the Société des Ocres de France.
In heraldry and vexillology
Ochre, both red and yellow, appear as tinctures in South African heraldry; the national coat of arms, adopted in 2000, includes red ochre, while (yellow) ochre appears in the arms of the University of Transkei.
Ochre is also used as a symbol of Indigenous Australians, and appears on the Flag of the Northern Territory and on the flags of the Taungurung and Aṉangu people.
In popular culture
A reddleman named Diggory Venn was prominently described in Thomas Hardy's 1878 novel entitled The Return of the Native.
(Wikipedia)
Das Colorado Provençal ist ein ehemaliger Ockerabbauort im Freien aus dem 19. und 20. Jahrhundert.
Es handelt sich um einen privaten Standort, der als Naturdenkmal historischer Natur eingestuft ist. In den alten Ockersteinbrüchen entdecken Sie außergewöhnliche Farben, aber auch Überreste der industriellen Vergangenheit wie Abbauwände, Absetzbecken, Rinnen, Rohre usw.
Die heutigen Landschaften sind das Ergebnis menschlicher Handarbeit und natürlicher Erosion. Die besondere geologische Beschaffenheit Colorados und das Vorhandensein von Wasser führen zu einer außergewöhnlichen Vegetation mit hoher Spezifität. Auf zwei markierten Wanderwegen können Sie diese Landschaften, aber auch ein ungewöhnlicheres Colorado entdecken, indem Sie die beeindruckende Anpassung der Pflanzen oder die Spalten in den Felsen beobachten.
(coloradoprovencal.fr)
Ocker (von lateinisch ochra, „[gelber] Ocker“, aus altgriechisch ὠχρός ōchrós „blass, blassgelb“) sind Erdfarben, und zwar Gemische aus 5–20 % Brauneisenstein mit Tonmineralen, Quarz und Kalk.
Wortverwendung
Als Pigment wird es als „gelber Ocker“ (Schöngelb) in diversen Sorten und Nuancen in der Malerei verwendet, entsprechende Bezeichnungen sind „roter Ocker“, „Rotocker“ oder „brauner Ocker“, „Braunocker“. Die gelben Sorten werden nach dem Farbton in „Lichtocker“, „Gelbocker“, „Goldocker“, „Fleischocker“, „Satinocker“ („Orangeocker“, Satinober) unterteilt. Durch Erhitzen werden gelbe in rote Pigmente umgewandelt und dann als „gebrannter Ocker“ bezeichnet. Dieser Vorgang entspricht einer Dehydration der färbenden Eisenverbindungen.
Als Farbbezeichnung wird „Ocker“ nur für weniger farbsatte Gelbtöne benutzt, insbesondere im Gegensatz zum rötlicheren Siena und dem grünlicheren Umbra. Weitere Farbnamen dieses Farbtons sind „Siena natur“ oder nach dem Einsatz „Schönbrunner Gelb“.
Als Webfarbe entspricht die Farbe Ocker der mit goldenrod (englisch „Goldrute“) bezeichneten Gruppe.
Farbsorten
Gelber Ocker
Der natürliche „gelbe Ocker“ (früher auch „Berggelb“ genannt) wird nach seiner Herkunft unterschiedlich benannt: „Französischer Ocker“ JL (das klassische Pigment), Terra di Siena („Italienischer Ocker“, „Sienaerde“), „Cyprischer Ocker“ (eine besonders feine Sorte hellen Ockers), „Böhmischer Ocker“ (das eigentliche „Schönbrunner Gelb“), „Derbyshire Ocker“, „Lausitzer Ocker“, „Amberger Gelb“.
Die künstliche Variante und mit „Eisenoxidgelb“ geschönte Sorten werden auch als „Marsgelb“ (wie das „Eisenoxidgelb“ selbst) bezeichnet.
Der Hauptbestandteil des gelben Ockers ist Eisen(III)-oxidhydrat (Fe2O3 · n H2O – Limonit, Brauneisenstein).
Roter Ocker
Der färbende Bestandteil im roten Ocker (verwandt mit „Rötel“) ist das Eisen(III)-oxid, Hämatit (Fe2O3). Typische Sorten sind „Französischer Ocker“ RL, „Burgunder Ocker“, „Englischer Grubenocker“. Wie bei allen natürlichen Erdpigmenten finden sich daneben auch Anteile von Tonmineralen und Quarz. Der rote Ocker wird auch durch Brennen des gelben Ockers gewonnen, als „gebrannter Ocker“ oder „gebrannte Siena“. Der Brennvorgang ist unter Limonit beschrieben. Roter Ocker ist im Colour Index unter der Bezeichnung C.I. Pigment Red 102 verzeichnet.
Brauner Ocker
Als „Braunocker“ werden weniger bunte (ungesättigte) Sorten bezeichnet, die deshalb eher Braun als mit einem Gelb- oder Rotton erscheinen. Es handelt sich um natürliche Vorkommen mit Beimengungen meist von Manganoxiden und -hydraten,[die der Umbra nahestehen. Mit Goethit oder bei gebrannten Farbmitteln ähneln diese in ihrem Erscheinungsbild der „Umbra gebrannt“ oder anderen wenig bunten gebrannten Eisenoxid-Pigmenten.
Für „Französischen Ocker“ hat sich ein Buchstabencode durchgesetzt, der dessen Qualität beschreibt:
J – jaune/gelb, R – rouge/rot, B – brune/braun
T – très sehr
C – claire/hell (lasierend), F – fonce/dunkel (deckendere Sorten), O – or/goldgelb
L – lavée/gewaschen, E – extra, S – super
Beispiele dafür sind
„lichter Ocker“ JTCLES – in der Aquarellmalerei ein strahlend schönes, nicht zu grelles Gelb[8]
„Goldocker“ JOLES – ein Farbton, der dem „Barockgelb“ entspricht.
Weitere Sortierungen von Ockern sind
„Satinober“ oder „Satinocker“ bezeichnen ins Orange gehende, besonders farbstarke Sorten und deren Imitate.[4]
„Grubenocker“ oder „Harzocker“ ist hingegen ein basisches Eisen(III)-sulfat,
„Goldsatinober“ ist eine gelbstichige Handelssorte von Mennige (= Blei(II,IV)-oxid).
Verwendung
Alle Ocker sind in entsprechender Verreibung in jedem Bindemittel einsetzbar. Sie sind als Eisenoxidpigmente absolut lichtecht, wetterbeständig und mit allen anderen Pigmenten verträglich (die nötige Reinheit vorausgesetzt).
Geschichte
Ocker tritt bereits im Middle Stone Age Südafrikas als Farbstoff zur Dekoration von Schmuckschnecken oder als Körperschmuck auf,[11] auch als Komplettbemalung z. B. bei den nordamerikanischen Beothuk-Indianern. In der Höhlenmalerei des europäischen Jungpaläolithikums wurde Ocker gleichfalls verwendet. Die Streuung von rotem Ocker ist seit dem Gravettien bis zum Magdalénien ein typisches Merkmal bei Grabstätten.
In der Antike und im Mittelalter zählen die Ocker weltweit zur grundlegenden warmen Palette aller kolorierten Medien der Künste.
Gewinnung
Die weltweit älteste bislang bekannte Ockermine befindet sich laut einer 2024 veröffentlichten Studie in der Lion Cavern in Eswatini im südlichen Afrika, in der bereits vor rund 48.000 Jahren Ocker abgebaut und in nahegelegene Gebiete transportiert wurde.
Bekanntester Abbauort in Europa sind die „Ockersteinbrüche“ in dem französischen Ort Roussillon im Département Vaucluse. Berühmt für seine besonders gute Qualität war der „Goldocker“ mit seinem auserlesenen Farbton, dem typischen „Barockgelb“. Ein eindrucksvolles, ebenfalls aufgegebenes Abbaugebiet liegt etwa 20 km östlich von Roussillon im Colorado bei Bouvène, südlich von Rustrel. Diese Vorkommen wurden bereits in der Römerzeit genutzt, später jedoch vergessen und erst um das Jahr 1780 wiederentdeckt.
Abbau und Verkauf des „französischen Ockers“ wird von der Société des Ocres de France (SOF) verwaltet. In Deutschland wurde vorrangig in Goslar am Nordharzrand Ocker aus Absetzbecken gewonnen („Ockersümpfe“), welche die Grubenwässer des Rammelsberger Bergbaus klärten. Auch in der Oberpfalz wurde bis um 1920 Ocker im Untertagebau in der Nähe von Neukirchen bei Sulzbach-Rosenberg gewonnen. Anschließend wurde er meist dort in einer Farbmühle zu Lack weiterverarbeitet.
Ein bekanntes Abbaugebiet ist Wilgie Mia bei der westaustralischen Stadt Perth.
Ocker wird noch in geringen Mengen aus Erde durch langwierige Ausschlämmverfahren gewonnen. Hierzu wird das Pigment in einer Reihe von Klärbecken ausgewaschen und in Windmühlen von Ballaststoffen gereinigt. Dieser Grundstoff wird getrocknet und ausgeliefert. Bei Bedarf wird er durch ein Brennverfahren auf den gewünschten Farbton gebracht. Außerdem werden besonders farbschöne „Nester“ (kleine, konzentrierte Ansammlungen) speziell für den Künstler- und Restaurierungsbedarf verwertet.
Der weitaus meiste Ocker wird künstlich aus Eisenoxidfarben hergestellt und auf ein geeignetes Substrat aufgezogen.
(Wikipedia)
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Hergé va ignorar el coet compost, ja conegut en la seva època, i va preferir realitzar-ne un que era hereu de la cosmonau del alemany Oberth i de l'astronau de Ziolkowsky. Es composa de 15 elements principals i funciona gràcies a un motor descobert pel professor Tornassol. Durant l'enlairament i l'aterratge funciona un motor auxiliar per a evitar les radiacions, i també disposa de la tornasolita, un compost per evitar que la desintegració atòmica provoqui la fusió del motor del coet. Pot aterrar o allunitzar gràcies a una maniobra d'orientació provocada per reactors laterals. Però aquest model de coet no ha estat construït ja que els investigadors no han resolt el problema del motor atòmic, condició indispensable per a un reactor similar, segons deia Ananoff el 1949.
L'autor belga va fer fabricar maquetes amb volum de la nau espacial, fet que va suposar feina d'uns quants mesos. La major de les maquetes representa els pisos superiors, és a dir, la part habitable del coet on transcorre gran part de l'aventura. Es va construir amb mòduls separables, el que permetia fer un croquis de l'interior des de diferents punts de vista. Aquesta tècnica ajudà a produir la impressió de realisme de les escenes al coet. Tots aquests elements es realitzaren sota la direcció d'Hergé segons les dades de l'especialista Alexandre Ananoff. En el llibre "L'astronàutica" d'aquest últim hi podem veure una il-lustració que representa el lloc de control que serví de model per a Hergé i els seus col-laboradors. Tot això ens mostra la rigurositat amb què treballaren per aconseguir el màxim realisme en la història.
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Els còmics de Tintín han estat traduïts a més de 70 idiomes i dialectes i s'han venut més de 200 milions d'exemplars a tot el món. La simplicitat dels seus dibuixos, els divertits diàlegs i els arguments fan que gent de totes les edats s'interessi per les seves aventures.
A més, el seu creador, Hergé, va tractar en les seves històries els successos internacionals de la seva època, on el comportament del jove reporter representa un model a seguir per a la joventut. Per tot això, us convidem a fer una ullada a aquesta web per a conèixer més a fons aquest singular personatge i al món que l'envolta.
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Objectiu la LLUNA: (mireu la sortida del coet a la foto d'en Salvador) www.flickr.com/photos/salmad00/367306017/
Hard work for grape bearers: it’s time for grape gathering!
When I reached footpath n. 6D starting from Volastra, I met this grape bearer handling a heavy basket (in Ligurian dialect this is called “corba”) full of grapes.
As you can see, the footpath passes through vineyards and cultivated fields.
Taken in Volastra, Cinque Terre, Italy.
Módena (Mòdna en dialecto modenés; Modena en italiano) es una ciudad italiana, capital de la provincia de Módena, en la región Emilia-Romaña. Cuenta con una población de 184 973 habitantes. La catedral, la Torre Cívica («Ghirlandina») y la Piazza Grande de la ciudad están declaradas Patrimonio de la Humanidad por la Unesco.
Módena queda en la llanura padana, y está rodeada por dos ríos, el Secchia y el Panaro, ambos afluentes del Po. Su presencia está simbolizada por la fuente de los dos ríos, en el centro de la ciudad, obra de Giuseppe Graziosi. La ciudad está conectada con el Panaro a través del canal Naviglio.
La cordillera de los Apeninos comienzan a unos 10 kilómetros al sur de la ciudad.
Módena es un importante centro industrial. La ciudad se ubica en el corazón de la «Motor Valley» que forma un conjunto de grupos industriales prestigios así como numerosos circuitos y museos. Las empresas Lamborghini, Pagani, Ferrari y Maserati tienen su sede dentro de un radio de 20 km alrededor de Módena.
Ubicado en la llanura Padana, el territorio modenés dispone de importantes riquezas gustativas. Su producto líder es el vinagre balsámico producido en los dominios agrícolas en el entorno de Módena. La base de su elaboración son las uvas cosechadas en los viñedos de la provincia. El lambrusco, vino rosado burbujeante, tiene como origen las viñas cercanas de Módena y Reggio Emilia. Además, Módena es la tierra del queso parmigiano reggiano y del jamón de Módena. Junto con Bolonia, Módena comparte el lugar de origen de la pasta tortellini.
El Duomo de Módena, la Torre Ghirlandina y la Piazza Grande están incluidos desde 1997 dentro del Patrimonio mundial de la UNESCO. El arquitecto Lanfranco y el escultor Wiligelmo erigieron el Duomo en el siglo XII por San Geminiano, obispo de Módena y Santo Patrón de la ciudad. Entre 1179 y 1319 se construyó la torre Ghirlandina asociada con el Duomo. Su nombre de Ghirlandina -guirnalda- resulta de su forma y recuerda la torre Giralda de Sevilla.
Durante más de dos siglos, la familia Este tenía como sede el Palazzo Ducale (palacio ducal). Hoy en día, este palacio recibe la Academia militar.
El Palazzo Comunale –ayuntamiento– cuya la fachada está en la Piazza Grande abarca un conjunto de edificios más antiguos. Dentro del edificio se encuentra la Secchia rapita –el cubo raptado- uno de los símbolos de la ciudad. La estatua de la Bonissima, símbolo de bondad, está posada en la esquina exterior del Palazzo Comunale.
Iglesias. Módena es una ciudad rica en iglesias, se cuentan más de quince en el casco histórico. También es importante nombrar a la iglesia de Santa María Pomposa, la iglesia del Voto o la iglesia de San Vicenzo. Existe también una sinagoga ubicada cerca del Palazzo Comunale.
En el mercado Albinelli se reúnen cada día productores locales de vinagre balsámico, jamón curdo o queso, entre otros.
es.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B3dena
Modena is a city and comune (municipality) on the south side of the Po Valley, in the Province of Modena, in the Emilia-Romagna region of northern Italy.
A town, and seat of an archbishop, it is known for its car industry since the factories of the famous Italian upper-class sports car makers Ferrari, De Tomaso, Lamborghini, Pagani and Maserati are, or were, located there and all, except Lamborghini, have headquarters in the city or nearby. One of Ferrari's cars, the 360 Modena, was named after the town itself. Ferrari's production plant and Formula One team Scuderia Ferrari are based in Maranello south of the city.
The University of Modena, founded in 1175 and expanded by Francesco II d'Este in 1686, focuses on economics, medicine and law, and is the second oldest athenaeum in Italy. Italian military officers are trained at the Military Academy of Modena, and partly housed in the Baroque Ducal Palace. The Biblioteca Estense houses historical volumes and 3,000 manuscripts. The Cathedral of Modena, the Torre della Ghirlandina and Piazza Grande are a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1997.
Modena is also known in culinary circles for its production of balsamic vinegar.
Famous Modenesi include Mary of Modena, the Queen consort of England and Scotland; operatic tenor Luciano Pavarotti and soprano Mirella Freni, born in Modena itself; Enzo Ferrari, eponymous founder of the Ferrari motor company; Catholic priest Gabriele Amorth; chef Massimo Bottura; comics artist Franco Bonvicini; the band Modena City Ramblers and singer-songwriter Francesco Guccini, who lived here for several decades.
Talkin Tarn is a glacial lake and country park near Brampton, Cumbria, England. The lake is a kettle hole lake, formed 10,000 years ago by mass glacial action.
The name is of Brittonic origin. The Brittonic dialect known as Cumbric was formerly spoken in the area. The first element, tal, means "brow" or "end" in Brittonic and modern Welsh, Cornish, and Breton. The second element is unclear. It may come from the Brittonic word which appears in Welsh and Old Cornish as can ("white") and Breton as kann ("bland, brilliant"). Talkin may be a hill-name meaning "white brow".
'Tarn' is derived from Old Norse 'tjǫrn' and then Middle English 'terne' meaning 'small mountain pool' or 'small lake'.
Talkin Tarn Country Park is owned and maintained by Cumberland Council. It is home to the Boat House Tea Rooms, Brampton Sailing Club, and Talkin Tarn Amateur Rowing Club. The profits from the Tea Rooms and the pay and display car parking are reinvested in the up keep and improvement of the site.
Rowing is an activity at Talkin Tarn. The rowing club, Talkin Tarn Amateur Rowing Club, celebrated its 150th anniversary in 2009. Rowing races were first held on Talkin Tarn in the 1850s, and the Rowing Club was formed in 1859 by local townsfolk, several descendants of whom still live in the area. It is the oldest rowing club in the North of England, with the exception of Tyne Rowing Club, and is the 14th oldest non-university club in the country.
Talkin Tarn Annual Regatta has grown considerably in recent years from a total entry of 20 in 1946 and 97 in 1988 to what it is today – very successful and one of the largest one-day regattas outside of London with total entries now in excess of 400.
On 9th November 1983 an Aerospatiale Gazelle Helicopter (reg G-SFTB) crashed into the tarn during a low level training flight from Carlisle Airport. The single occupant escaped the crash but the helicopter, once raised from the bottom, was damaged beyond repair.
Research on climate change carried out at Talkin Tarn was published in 2004.
Old buckles, stone axes, and urns have been found in the area.
#talkin #talkintarn #talkintarncountrypark
More photos of Talkin Tarn here: www.flickr.com/photos/davidambridge/albums/72157633050144969
Picture taken at San Juan de Los Terreros, Almería, Andalucía, Spain.
Fideua (dialectal pronunciation of the Valencian/Catalan language word "fideuada: large amount of noodles") is a seafood dish originally from the coast of Valencia which is similar to paella, and even more to arròs a banda, but with noodles instead of rice.
Its main ingredients are: pasta noodles, seafood (shrimps, squids, even lobsters), and perhaps some vegetables. In "my" version I have included pure virgin olive oil, garlic, peppers, onions...
And some species like ("parsley, sage, rosemary and thyme?) I should ask Paul Simon and Art Garfunkel ;-)
The invention of fideua is attributed to a picturesque story. Gabriel Rodriguez Pastor, (Gabrielo from a kiosk in the port district of Grau in Gandía), worked as a cook in a boat and Juan Bautista Pascual (Zábalo), was the youngest man in the boat and his assistant.
According to Gabriel's family, the boat captain loved rice and the rest of sailors almost never received their full portion of "arròs a banda", the dish that the cook usually prepared. Trying to find a solution for the problem, the cook had the idea of using noodles instead of rice to see if the result was a little less appetizing for the captain.
The invention was liked, and fame of the dish spread though harbor restaurants such as the "Pastora House," where they cooked the first "fideuades." The dish became distinctive and essential in the area.
Just like paella, it is cooked in a special wide and flat frying pan, also that pan is called "paella", although there are other traditional variants made in a casserole.
Gandia (Valencia, Spain) is the birthplace of fideua, and in this city of La Safor region there is an annual competition-contest where the best cooks try to prepare the best fideua.
FIDEUA DE PESCADO Y MARISCO, 2025
Foto hecha en San Juan de Los Terreros, Almería, Andalucía, España.
La fideua (pronunciación dialectal de la palabra en valenciano/catalán "fideuada: gran cantidad de fideos") es un plato de marisco originario de la costa de Valencia que es similar a la paella, y más aún al arròs a banda, pero con fideos en lugar de arroz. .
Sus ingredientes principales son: fideos de pasta, mariscos (camarones, calamares, incluso langostas) y quizás algunas verduras. En "mi" versión he incluido aceite de oliva virgen puro, ajo, pimiento, cebolla...
Y algunas especias como ("¿perejil, salvia, romero y tomillo?) debería preguntárselo a Paul Simon y Art Garfunkel ;-)
La invención de la fideuá se atribuye a una historia pintoresca. Gabriel Rodríguez Pastor, (Gabrielo de un quiosco del barrio portuario de Grau en Gandía), trabajaba de cocinero en un barco y Juan Bautista Pascual (Zábalo), era el hombre más joven del barco y su ayudante.
Según la familia de Gabriel, al capitán del barco le encantaba el arroz y el resto de marineros casi nunca recibían su ración completa de "arròs a banda", el plato que solía preparar el cocinero. Tratando de encontrar una solución al problema, el cocinero tuvo la idea de usar fideos en lugar de arroz para ver si el resultado era un poco menos apetecible para el capitán.
El invento gustó y la fama del plato se extendió por restaurantes del puerto como la "Casa Pastora", donde se cocinaron las primeras "fideuades". El plato se convirtió en distintivo e imprescindible en la zona.
Al igual que la paella, se cocina en una sartén especial ancha y plana, también llamada paella, aunque existen otras variantes tradicionales hechas en cazuela.
Gandía (Valencia, España) es la cuna de la fideuá, y en esta ciudad de la comarca de La Safor se celebra anualmente una competición-concurso donde los mejores cocineros intentan elaborar la mejor fideuá.
Sunset, also called sundown in some American English dialects, is the instant when the trailing edge of the sun's disk disappears below the horizon in the west. It should not be confused with dusk, which is the point at which darkness falls, some time after the beginning of twilight when the sun itself sets.
In the Augsburg dialect, a “Batschlach” refers to a puddle. Here you can see one of the most famous buildings in the city of Augsburg: the church tower of St. Ulrich, an important example of Gothic architecture in Germany.
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Eine "Batschlach" bezeichnet in der Augsburger Mundart eine Pfütze. Hier zu sehen ist eines der bekanntesten Gebäude der Stadt Augsburg: Der Kirchturm von St.Ulrich, einem wichtigen Beispiel gotischer Architektur in Deutschland.
A group of Tanala people gathered in the village hall hut (Madagascar).
HUMANKIND, my premium, limited-edition, museum-quality standard book featuring over 200 large-format photos is available here:
The Tanala are an ethnic group from the forested southeastern region of Madagascar.
Their name means people of the forest, reflecting their strong connection to the dense and often mountainous landscapes where their villages are located.
Their society is organized through the male lineage, and community life centers on extended families and a communal house called the tranobe.
They speak a Malagasy dialect known as Tanala. Their livelihood traditionally depends on the forest through hunting, woodcraft and the gathering of honey, plants and other natural resources.
They also practice agriculture, especially rice cultivation, and in recent times have grown crops such as coffee and maize.
Their spiritual life is rooted in animism and ancestor veneration.
They believe spirits inhabit the natural world and follow rituals and taboos to maintain balance within the community.
One of their notable traditions is the ceremony of turning the bones, which honors deceased ancestors.
Historically the Tanala resisted external domination, including conflicts with the Merina kingdom in the nineteenth century.
Their remote territory helped preserve their customs.
Today many still live in isolated areas with limited infrastructure, yet their cultural identity and deep knowledge of the forest remain strong.
Website: robertopazziphoto.com/
Instagram: instagram.com/roberto_pazzi_photo
These prints depict dances known in Neapolitan dialect as the sfessania. Such dances are characterized by violent and sometimes obscene physical contortions and gesticulations. Each plate features a pair of figures pulled from the repertoire of popular entertainers, their balletic interactions running a comic gamut from mock grace to blatant crudity. Lively little scenes fill out the backgrounds of some of the dances, offering engaging glimpses of fairground activity in Callot’s time.
Basel, Switzerland
Over the past 78 years, the Atlantis (known simply as "Tis" among Basel residents) has experienced turbulent times. It wasn't just home to snakes and alligators, it was also home to jazz musicians, and later to rock, blues, and pop, especially dialect rock. Atlantis was often on the brink of closure, but it always managed to recover.
As a young boy, in the late sixties, I often visited the Atlantis (my mother served there at the time) and always stood in amazement in front of Hector, the crocodile, who, separated by glass and bars, sat motionless in his small, light-blue basin, guarding, as I thought at the time, all the numerous coins lying beneath and sometimes even on top of him; "small donations" thrown in by the audience (!).
● With today's awareness: what torture it must have been for the animal (originally there were even four Mississippi alligators!) in the inescapable confines of its "territory" right behind these windows and with the often very loud live music almost every evening...
Well, today, "Hector" is back at the Atlantis, albeit only through his prepared skin on the wall.
🐊🐊🐊🐊🐊🐊🐊🐊🐊🐊🐊
In den vergangenen 78 Jahren erlebte das Atlantis (unter Baslern heisst's einfach "Tis") bewegte Zeiten. Es war nicht nur Heimat für Schlangen und Alligatoren, es war auch Heimat für Jazz-Musiker, später auch für Rock, Blues und Pop, vor allem für Mundart-Rock. Öfters stand das Atlantis vor dem Aus, konnte sich aber immer wieder auffangen und erholte sich wieder.
Als kleiner Bub, gegen Ende der Sechziger Jahre, war ich oft im Atlantis (meine Mutter servierte damals dort) und stand jeweils staunend vor Hector, dem Krokodil, dass da, getrennt durch Glas und Gitter, reglos in seinem hellblau gestrichenen kleinen Bassin verweilte und, wie ich damals dachte, all die zahlreichen Geldstücke bewachte, die unter und teils auch auf ihm lagen; hineingeworfenene "kleine Spenden" des Puplikums (!)
● Mit heutigem Bewusstsein: was muss es für das Tier (ursprünglich waren es gar vier Mississippi-Alligatoren!) für eine Qual gewesen sein in der unausweichlichen Enge seines "Reviers" gleich hinter diesen Fenstern und mit der damals oft sehr lauten Live-Musik fast jeden Abend...
Heute weilt "Hector" wieder im Atlantis, wenn auch nur durch seine präparierte Haut an der Wand.
Talkin Tarn is a glacial lake and country park near Brampton, Cumbria, England. The lake is a kettle hole lake, formed 10,000 years ago by mass glacial action.
The name is of Brittonic origin. The Brittonic dialect known as Cumbric was formerly spoken in the area. The first element, tal, means "brow" or "end" in Brittonic and modern Welsh, Cornish, and Breton. The second element is unclear. It may come from the Brittonic word which appears in Welsh and Old Cornish as can ("white") and Breton as kann ("bland, brilliant"). Talkin may be a hill-name meaning "white brow".
'Tarn' is derived from Old Norse 'tjǫrn' and then Middle English 'terne' meaning 'small mountain pool' or 'small lake'.
Talkin Tarn Country Park is owned and maintained by Carlisle City Council. It is home to the Boat House Tea Rooms, Brampton Sailing Club, and Talkin Tarn Amateur Rowing Club. The profits from the Tea Rooms and the pay and display car parking are reinvested in the up keep and improvement of the site.
Rowing is an activity at Talkin Tarn. The rowing club, Talkin Tarn Amateur Rowing Club, celebrated its 150th anniversary in 2009. Rowing races were first held on Talkin Tarn in the 1850s, and the Rowing Club was formed in 1859 by local townsfolk, several descendants of whom still live in the area. It is the oldest rowing club in the North of England, with the exception of Tyne Rowing Club, and is the 14th oldest non-university club in the country. Talkin Tarn Annual Regatta has grown considerably in recent years from a total entry of 20 in 1946 and 97 in 1988 to what it is today – very successful and one of the largest one-day regattas outside of London with total entries now in excess of 400.
On 9th November 1983 an Aerospatiale Gazelle Helicopter (reg G-SFTB) crashed into the tarn during a low level training flight from Carlisle Airport. The single occupant escaped the crash but the helicopter, once raised from the bottom, was damaged beyond repair.
Research on climate change carried out at Talkin Tarn was published in 2004.
Old buckles, stone axes, and urns have been found in the area.
#talkin #talkintarn #talkintarncountrypark
More photos of Talkin Tarn here: www.flickr.com/photos/davidambridge/albums/72157633050144969
Wilyakali lies in the east of the state of South Australia, crossing into New South Wales, including the town of Broken Hill. The Wilyakali people traditionally visited the Paakantji people on the Menindee Lakes in the Darling Riverine Plains Bioregion each year.
The three Major language groups for the Broken Hill Region are the Paakantji, Mayyankapa, and Nyiimpaa.
Wilyakali and Danggali both lie east of the Ngadjuri language and north of the upper River Murray languages.
Wilyakali and Danggali are part of the Darling River Language Group or Paakantyi / Paakantji language group. This is a group of closely related languages in South Australia and New South Wales, which can be subdivided into two groups: the “Northern Dialects” and the “Southern Dialects.” Wilyakali and Danggali are both part of the “Southern Dialects.”
Other “Southern Dialects” include Pulaali, Southern Pankantyi, Pantyikali, Wanyuparlku and Marrawarra. Some of these languages have been recorded more than others. Although each language has its own distinguishing features, they are so similar they can be understood by speakers of other languages in this group. Therefore, the following reference list will include Southern Paakantyi references that may be helpful. The language name is noted in square brackets after each reference, when known.
Today the Wilyakali people are still the main Aboriginal group in Broken Hill, though there are a number of Aboriginal people that come from other language groups.
The Aboriginal people of Broken Hill have established working parties to pursue their vision of a better future. They continue to look after their traditional lands and are joint managers of the Mutawintji National Park which is the first national park handed back to the traditional owners in New South Wales. There are many strong elders who continue to maintain and pass on their traditional knowledge to their young people and, today, share their stories with the wider community.
Source: Mobile Language Team & Aboriginal Housing Office.
Palazzo ducale di Modena, Scuola militare,
Palacio Ducal de Módena, Academia militar,
Ducal Palace of Modena, Military school,
Módena (Mòdna en dialecto modenés; Modena en italiano) es una ciudad italiana, capital de la provincia de Módena, en la región Emilia-Romaña. Cuenta con una población de 184 973 habitantes. La catedral, la Torre Cívica («Ghirlandina») y la Piazza Grande de la ciudad están declaradas Patrimonio de la Humanidad por la Unesco.
Módena queda en la llanura padana, y está rodeada por dos ríos, el Secchia y el Panaro, ambos afluentes del Po. Su presencia está simbolizada por la fuente de los dos ríos, en el centro de la ciudad, obra de Giuseppe Graziosi. La ciudad está conectada con el Panaro a través del canal Naviglio.
La cordillera de los Apeninos comienzan a unos 10 kilómetros al sur de la ciudad.
Módena es un importante centro industrial. La ciudad se ubica en el corazón de la «Motor Valley» que forma un conjunto de grupos industriales prestigios así como numerosos circuitos y museos. Las empresas Lamborghini, Pagani, Ferrari y Maserati tienen su sede dentro de un radio de 20 km alrededor de Módena.
Ubicado en la llanura Padana, el territorio modenés dispone de importantes riquezas gustativas. Su producto líder es el vinagre balsámico producido en los dominios agrícolas en el entorno de Módena. La base de su elaboración son las uvas cosechadas en los viñedos de la provincia. El lambrusco, vino rosado burbujeante, tiene como origen las viñas cercanas de Módena y Reggio Emilia. Además, Módena es la tierra del queso parmigiano reggiano y del jamón de Módena. Junto con Bolonia, Módena comparte el lugar de origen de la pasta tortellini.
El Duomo de Módena, la Torre Ghirlandina y la Piazza Grande están incluidos desde 1997 dentro del Patrimonio mundial de la UNESCO. El arquitecto Lanfranco y el escultor Wiligelmo erigieron el Duomo en el siglo XII por San Geminiano, obispo de Módena y Santo Patrón de la ciudad. Entre 1179 y 1319 se construyó la torre Ghirlandina asociada con el Duomo. Su nombre de Ghirlandina -guirnalda- resulta de su forma y recuerda la torre Giralda de Sevilla.
Durante más de dos siglos, la familia Este tenía como sede el Palazzo Ducale (palacio ducal). Hoy en día, este palacio recibe la Academia militar.
El Palazzo Comunale –ayuntamiento– cuya la fachada está en la Piazza Grande abarca un conjunto de edificios más antiguos. Dentro del edificio se encuentra la Secchia rapita –el cubo raptado- uno de los símbolos de la ciudad. La estatua de la Bonissima, símbolo de bondad, está posada en la esquina exterior del Palazzo Comunale.
Iglesias. Módena es una ciudad rica en iglesias, se cuentan más de quince en el casco histórico. También es importante nombrar a la iglesia de Santa María Pomposa, la iglesia del Voto o la iglesia de San Vicenzo. Existe también una sinagoga ubicada cerca del Palazzo Comunale.
En el mercado Albinelli se reúnen cada día productores locales de vinagre balsámico, jamón curdo o queso, entre otros.
es.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B3dena
Modena is a city and comune (municipality) on the south side of the Po Valley, in the Province of Modena, in the Emilia-Romagna region of northern Italy.
A town, and seat of an archbishop, it is known for its car industry since the factories of the famous Italian upper-class sports car makers Ferrari, De Tomaso, Lamborghini, Pagani and Maserati are, or were, located there and all, except Lamborghini, have headquarters in the city or nearby. One of Ferrari's cars, the 360 Modena, was named after the town itself. Ferrari's production plant and Formula One team Scuderia Ferrari are based in Maranello south of the city.
The University of Modena, founded in 1175 and expanded by Francesco II d'Este in 1686, focuses on economics, medicine and law, and is the second oldest athenaeum in Italy. Italian military officers are trained at the Military Academy of Modena, and partly housed in the Baroque Ducal Palace. The Biblioteca Estense houses historical volumes and 3,000 manuscripts. The Cathedral of Modena, the Torre della Ghirlandina and Piazza Grande are a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1997.
Modena is also known in culinary circles for its production of balsamic vinegar.
Famous Modenesi include Mary of Modena, the Queen consort of England and Scotland; operatic tenor Luciano Pavarotti and soprano Mirella Freni, born in Modena itself; Enzo Ferrari, eponymous founder of the Ferrari motor company; Catholic priest Gabriele Amorth; chef Massimo Bottura; comics artist Franco Bonvicini; the band Modena City Ramblers and singer-songwriter Francesco Guccini, who lived here for several decades.
On Speaking in Dialect
Let me say it the Naples way...
This morning, I woke up, thinking how
speaking Italian everyday
I miss my point somehow...
I tell you, I have words so above
Italian only lets me down
Truth is, I am in love
with these feelings, this sound.
I insist that it pleases me more so --
it alone can express what's inside,
And as I write my heart is aglow,
For a moment I'm free, alight.
Carmen Auletta
For the Art & Poetry Project
sponsered by Mueso del Metaverso
being shown @ "PIAZZA PlEBISCITO NAPOLI" by LUKIA HALDERMAN
Sept. 22 - 25th
Narvik, or Áhkanjárga in the local Sami dialect, is located on the shores of the Ofotfjorden, some 220 kilometres inside the Arctic Circle.
Italien / Trentino - Tenno
In the background you can see the Lake Garda in soft evening light.
Im Hintergrund sieht man den Gardasee im sanften Abendlicht.
Tenno (Tén in local dialect) is a comune (municipality) in Trentino in the northern Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, located about 30 kilometres (19 mi) southwest of Trento.
Tenno borders the following municipalities: Comano Terme, Fiavè, Arco, Ledro and Riva del Garda.
Tenno contains the waterfalls of Cascate del Varone.
Tenno hosts an yearly summer festival called Quarta d'Agosto (Fourth of August) which is celebrated the fourth Sunday of August, in Cologna.
(Wikipedia)
Tenno (auf deutsch früher Thenn) ist eine italienische Gemeinde in der Provinz Trient (Region Trentino-Südtirol) mit 2012 Einwohnern (Stand 31. Dezember 2019). Sie liegt 43 km südwestlich von Trient und 79 km nordwestlich von Verona.
Verwaltungsgliederung
Die Gemeinde Tenno setzt sich aus vier Fraktionen zusammen, zu denen wiederum mehrere Weiler (italienisch Località) gehören. Die Fraktionen, bis 1929 alle selbstständige Gemeinden, sind Cologna-Gavazzo, Tenno (Gemeindesitz), Ville del Monte und Pranzo. Die 3 Weiler Volta di No, Piazze und Teggiole sind Teil der Fraktion Cologna-Gavazzo. Die Weiler San Antonio, Calvola, Pastoedo, Canale, Lago di Tenno und Mattoni gehören zur Fraktion Ville del Monte.
Die Nachbargemeinden sind: Arco, Comano Terme, Fiavè, Ledro und Riva del Garda.
Geografie
Tenno liegt im Hinterland des Gardasees, einige Kilometer nördlich von Riva del Garda. Das Gemeindegebiet von Tenno auch als Tennese bezeichnet, erstreckt sich vom Ort Gavazzo Nuova (201 m s.l.m.) bis zum Rio Secco oberhalb des Tennosees und umfasst den ganzen dazwischen liegenden Bereich.
Eingegrenzt im Osten vom Monte Misone (1803 m s.l.m.) und seinen Ausläufern, liegen westlich die Berge der Ledrogruppe, denen der Monte Tombio (841 m s.l.m.) und der Monte S. Martino (1075 m s.l.m.) vorgelagert sind. Unterhalb des Monte Misone liegt der durch einen Hangrutsch im 12. Jahrhundert aufgestaute Tennosee. Das vom See in nordnordwestlicher Richtung weiterverlaufende und vom Rio Secco durchzogene Tal verengt sich zusehends und endet am Passo di Ballino (755 m s.l.m.), der bereits im Gemeindegebiet von Fiavè liegt und die geographische Grenze zu den Äußeren Judikarien darstellt. Dieser obere nördliche Bereich unterscheidet sich wesentlich vom südlichen vom Rio Magnone durchflossenen breiteren Abschnitt, der klimatisch vom nahe liegenden Gardasee beeinflusst wird.
Dieses nach dem Rio Magnone benannte Tal, Valle di Magnone, ist durch einen Gletscher entstanden, dessen Moräne am südöstlichen Ende des Tales eine terrassenartige Stufe aufgeworfen hat, auf der die Burg von Tenno liegt. Der Magnone, der an den Osthängen des Corno di Pichea (2138 m s.l.m.) entspringt hat das Tal tief eingeschnitten und überwindet die Moränenstufe in einem fast 100 m hohen klammartigen Wasserfall oberhalb von Varone, einer Fraktion von Riva del Garda, nach der der Wasserfall, Cascate del Varone, auch benannt ist. Der zweite erwähnenswerte Wasserlauf, der Rio Secco, im nördlichen Bereich, entspringt am Dosso della Torta (2156 m s.l.m.) und ist der einzige bedeutende Zufluss des Tennosees.
Alle Orte der Gemeinde liegen mit Ausnahme von Pranzo (463 m s.l.m.) auf der orographisch linken Talseite.
Das Gemeindegebiet von Tenno ist auch in der jüngeren Vergangenheit immer wieder von Erdrutschen heimgesucht worden. So löste sich westlich des Tennosees nach mehrtägigen schweren Regenfällen im November 2000 ein über 4 Millionen Kubikmeter großer Hangrutsch, der nicht nur den Lauf des Rio Magnone, sondern auch das Aussehen des Tales veränderte.
Geschichte
Tenno wurde 1194 als Theni erstmals urkundlich erwähnt. Wie Funde bezeugen, war die Gegend um Tenno aber bereits zur Bronzezeit besiedelt. Der Ortsname geht vermutlich auf eine langobardische Siedlung zurück, von der bei Ausgrabungen Reste gefunden wurden.
Die Lage an einer wichtigen Straße, die das Nordufer des Gardasees mit den Judikarien über den Passo Balino verband sowie der nahegelegene Pass Bocca di Trat, der eine wichtige Verbindung in das Ledrotal darstellte, waren ausschlaggebend für die Entwicklung des Ortes und seiner Burg. Tenno bestand historisch aus drei auch sonst klar von einander abgegrenzten Ortsteilen, den sogenannte Ville del Piano, die sich damit von den darüber gelegenen Ville del Monte auch namentlich unterschieden. Zu den Ville del Piano zählt Frapporta, der unter der Burg gelegene und mit einer eigenen Ringmauer und Türmen versehene, erstmals 1211 als infra pòrtam (deutsch zwischen den Toren) das heißt zwischen Stadt- und Burgtor erwähnte Ortsteil, der einen einzigen Wehrkomplex mit der angrenzenden Burg bildete und im Trentino eines der seltenen Beispiele darstellt, in der ein Wohnbereich in eine Wehrstruktur eingegliedert wurde.
Nördlich von Frapporta, heute rechts der zum Passo Balino führenden Staatsstraße, liegen die beiden Ortsteile Gardule und Veduto (auch als Revedù bezeichnet) mit der erstmals 1204 erwähnten Pfarrkirche Santa Maria Immacolata, die in der Vergangenheit mehrmals um- und ausgebaut wurde und deren heutiges Aussehen auf das Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts zurückgeht, während der Campanile noch aus dem 16. Jahrhundert stammt.
Nachdem Tenno seine Bedeutung als Straßenknotenpunkt mit dem Bau der Ponalestraße in das Ledrotal und der Straße durch die Limaro-Schlucht zwischen Sarche und Comano Terme in der Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts verloren hat, stellt heute der Fremdenverkehr eine bedeutende Einkommensquelle dar.
Kulinarische Spezialitäten
Tenno gilt mit Arco und Varone als Ursprungsgebiet des traditionellen Trentiner Fleischgerichts Carne Salada.
(Wikipedia)
Castello di Tenno ist eine Höhenburganlage auf einem Felsvorsprung in der italienischen Gemeinde Tenno am nördlichen Ende des Gardasees im Trentino.
Geschichte
Die Geschichte der Burg von Tenno ist durch eine Reihe verschiedenster Besitzer gekennzeichnet, die auch ein Spiegelbild der wechselvollen Besitz- und Herrschaftsverhältnisse dieser Grenzregion am Nordufer des Gardasees ist.
Zum ersten Mal wurde die Burg zu Beginn des 13. Jahrhunderts erwähnt, als sie im Besitz der Grafen von Eppan und deren Ultener Linie war. Zwischen 1210 und 1211 traten diese den Bau im Tausch für andere Ländereien an den Bischof von Trient, Friedrich von Wangen, ab. 1260 wurden die Grafen von Arco als Verwalter der Burg eingesetzt, die auch bauliche Veränderungen vornahmen. 1284 kam sie unter die Kontrolle von Meinhard II. aber bereits 1314 war die Anlage erneut im Besitz des Bischofs von Trient.
Letzterer verkaufte die Burg in der Mitte des 14. Jahrhunderts an den Scaliger Mastino II. della Scala, der sie als Lehen an die Grafen von Arco vergab. In dieser Zeit wurde die Anlage vergrößert. Als die Scaliger 1387 vom nördlichen Gardasee verdrängt wurden, wechselte die Burg in kurzer Zeit mehrmals den Besitzer und gelangte in die Hände der Visconti, der Bischöfe von Trient und der Venezianer.
1439 wurde die Burg in die kriegerischen Auseinandersetzungen zwischen den Visconti unter ihrem Condottiere Niccolò Piccinino und den Venezianern unter dem Condottiere Francesco Sforza verwickelt. Nach einer am 9. November 1439 vor der Burg für die Visconti verlustreich ausgegangenen Schlacht, musste sich Piccinino fluchtartig in die Burg zurückziehen. Ihm gelang es aber, sich dem Zugriff durch die Venezianer unter Gattamelata mit Hilfe einer List zu entziehen, in dem er sich in einem Sack versteckte und sich mutig von einem Knecht durch die Reihen der Venezianer tragen ließ, die dachten, dass der Knecht ein Plünderer sei und es deshalb an der nötigen Wachsamkeit fehlen ließen. Die abenteuerliche Flucht wurde auch von Macchiavelli in den Istorie Fiorentine (die Geschichte von Florenz) aufgegriffen.
1460 gelangte der Bau wieder unter die Obhut der Bischöfe von Trient. Ein von den Lodron in der Folgezeit ausgedachter Versuch, sich durch eine Verschwörung in den Besitz der Burg zu bringen, scheiterte und der Anführer der Verschwörung wurde zur Strafe gevierteilt und vor den Toren des Ortes zur Abschreckung zur Schau gestellt.
Unter dem Bischof Johannes Hinderbach wurde die Anlage mit Kanonen bestückt und restauriert, wovon eine Inschrift im Burghof zeugt. Dabei wurden Loggia, Küche, Unterkünfte für das Gesinde und Wohnräume vollständig neu errichtet.
Im tirolerisch-venezianischen Krieg von 1487 wurde sie nach Einnahme der venezianischen Festung von Rovereto durch die Tiroler im Gegenzug von den Venezianern belagert. Die von den Grafen von Arco angeführten Verteidiger konnten jedoch sämtliche Einnahmeversuche der aus Riva del Garda herbeigeeilten Venezianer vereiteln.
Während des Spanischen Erbfolgekrieges wurde die Burg von Tenno 1703 von den Franzosen unter General Vendôme eingenommen, überstand die Besatzung aber im Gegensatz zu vielen anderen Burgen der Umgebung, wie Castel Penede bei Nago oder die Burgen von Arco und Drena, relativ unbeschadet.
Bis zum 19. Jahrhundert verblieb die Burg von Tenno im Besitz der Bischöfe von Trient und kam erst dann in Privatbesitz. Im Jahre 1920 stürzte der viereckige 48 Meter hohe Bergfried ein.
Im August 1997 wurde sie von Klaus Zumwinkel für 1,5 Millionen Euro erworben und für Kosten in Höhe von etwa 1,5 Millionen Euro umgebaut, unter anderem mit einem Swimmingpool ausgestattet. Die Vorbesitzer waren zwei Ingenieure aus Belgien und Luxemburg, deren Erben die Burg veräußerten.
(Wikipedia)
Helgoland is a German island in the North Sea.Helgoland was established around 4000 BC. an island due to rising sea levels after the last ice age. The island was colonized from Friesland in the 8th century. The current residents still speak a North Frisian dialect, the Helgolands or Halunder Freesk. It was incorporated into the Viking Empire. In 1720 a sandbank between Helgoland and the smaller island of Düne largely washed away due to a storm tide. The connection between the two islands was lost as a result. Heligoland remained in Denmark until 1814. The British conquered the island in 1807 from the Danes. The strategically important island. In 1890 the British exchanged Helgoland on Germany for East African Zanzibar. Emperor Wilhelm II converted Helgoland into a naval support point and it remained that way until after the Second World War. In the First World War all residents were forced to leave the island. At the end of World War II, a thousand airplanes from the Royal Air Force carried out a destructive bombing, dropping around seven thousand bombs, making the island uninhabitable and the population to be evacuated. In 1952 the population was allowed to return after long insistence.
The Helgoland museum offers a rich overview as to the history, the folklore and the nature of the island. Helgolander Franz Schensky (1871-1957) is one of the pioneers of black and white photography and has a permanent place in the history of German photography. Franz Schensky has his own place at the Helgoland museum. With his photos he takes you into the breathtaking world of the beauty of the North Sea. View of the west coast of Helgoland with the lighthouse, and its original church, built in 1685 on the Oberland. On the right the lighthouse built under English rule in 1811, demolished soon after the new lighthouse was built in 1902. The latter was destroyed in 1945. Photograph of Franz Schensky c. 1895.
Helgoland is een Duits eiland in de Noordzee. Helgoland werd rond 4000 v.Chr. een eiland door het stijgen van de zeespiegel na de laatste ijstijd. In de 8e eeuw werd het eiland vanuit Friesland gekoloniseerd. De huidige bewoners spreken nog steeds een Noord-Fries dialect, het Helgolands of Halunder Freesk. Het werd ingelijfd bij het Vikingrijk. In 1720 spoelde een zandbank tussen Helgoland en het kleinere eiland Düne door een stormvloed grotendeels weg. De verbinding tussen de twee eilanden ging daardoor verloren. Helgoland bleef tot 1814 tot Denemarken behoren. De Britten veroverden het eiland in 1807 op de Denen. Het strategisch belangrijke eiland. In 1890 ruilde de Britten Helgoland aan Duitsland voor het Oost-Afrikaanse Zanzibar. Keizer Wilhelm II bouwde Helgoland uit tot marinesteunpunt en dat bleef het tot na de Tweede Wereldoorlog. In de Eerste Wereldoorlog werden alle bewoners gedwongen het eiland te verlaten. Op het einde van de Tweede Wereldoorlog voerden duizend vliegtuigen van de Royal Air Force een vernietigend bombardement uit, waarbij circa zevenduizend bommen werden afgeworpen, waardoor het eiland onbewoonbaar werd en de bevolking moest worden geëvacueerd. In 1952 mocht de bevolking na lang aandringen terugkeren. Sindsdien leeft het eiland hoofdzakelijk van het toerisme. Het Helgoland-museum biedt een rijk overzicht van de geschiedenis, de folklore en de aard van het eiland. Je kunt ook genieten van films. De geschiedenis is opwindend omdat Helgoland is beïnvloed door Deense, Britse en Duitse inzittenden. Helgolander Franz Schensky (1871-1957) is één van de pioniers van de zwart-wit fotografie en heeft een vaste plaats in de geschiedenis van de Duitse fotografie. Franz Schensky heeft zijn eigenplek in het Helgoland-museum. Met zijn foto's neemt hij je mee in de adembenemende wereld van de schoonheid van de Noordzee. Uitzicht op de westkust van Helgoland met de
de vuurtoren en originele kerk gebouwd in 1685. De vuurtoren is nog gebouwd onder Engels bewind in 1811, afgebroken kort nadat de nieuwe vuurtoren werd gebouwd in 1902. De laatste werd verwoest in 1945. Foto van Franz Schensky ca. 1895.
Rollei SL66SE, Carl Zeiss Planar 80mm f/2.8, Kodak Ektachrome EPP100 (self-processed), 60mm transparency digitised by photographing on a light pad, digital processing in Lightroom.
Wikipedia: "Guarda ist als eines der am besten erhaltenen Engadiner Dörfer und dadurch sowohl architektonisch als auch geschichtlich interessant. Das Dorf besteht fast ausschliesslich aus den typischen Engadinerhäusern mit zahlreichen Sgraffiti."
Wikipedia: "In 1975 the Swiss Heritage Society awarded Guarda the Wakker Prize for the preservation of its architectural heritage. The award notes that it is one of the best preserved and characteristic villages of the Unterengadin. . . . Most of the population (as of 2000) speaks Rhaeto-Romance (62.5%), with German being second most common (30.6%) and French being third (2.8%). The majority of the population speaks the Vallader dialect of Romansh."
de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guarda_GR
Caught by the locals in the remote mountains of Argao, Cebu Philippines when he was just a pup. Now a lonely 22 years old. He is not in caged but in chains. "Ungoy" is a local dialect for monkey.
Helgoland is a German island in the North Sea.Helgoland was established around 4000 BC. an island due to rising sea levels after the last ice age. The island was colonized from Friesland in the 8th century. The current residents still speak a North Frisian dialect, the Helgolands or Halunder Freesk. It was incorporated into the Viking Empire. In 1720 a sandbank between Helgoland and the smaller island of Düne largely washed away due to a storm tide. The connection between the two islands was lost as a result. Heligoland remained in Denmark until 1814. The British conquered the island in 1807 from the Danes. The strategically important island. In 1890 the British exchanged Helgoland on Germany for East African Zanzibar. Emperor Wilhelm II converted Helgoland into a naval support point and it remained that way until after the Second World War. In the First World War all residents were forced to leave the island. At the end of World War II, a thousand airplanes from the Royal Air Force carried out a destructive bombing, dropping around seven thousand bombs, making the island uninhabitable and the population to be evacuated. The Royal Air Force used it for target practice. In 1947 the British blew up the bunkers and military facilities with no less than 6,700 tons of explosives. It was hit hard and changed its shape. In 1952 the population was allowed to return after long insistence. Since then, the island mainly lives off tourism. In 2011, the people of Helgoland rejected the detailed plan to reconnect Helgoland and Düne island
The Helgoland museum offers a rich overview as to the history, the folklore and the nature of the island. You also can enjoy films and unexpected documents. The history is exciting since Helgoland has been influenced by Danish, British and German occupants. Aerial photograph of the northern Helgoland showing new fortifications and guns. This photo was taken circa 1916 and clearly shows the large 12inch guns emplaced on the island by the Germans. The island would prove to be a critical battleground for naval supremacy of the North Sea. The picture also shows just how small and compact the island is. Artist: unknown - postcard.
Helgoland is een Duits eiland in de Noordzee. Helgoland werd rond 4000 v.Chr. een eiland door het stijgen van de zeespiegel na de laatste ijstijd. In de 8e eeuw werd het eiland vanuit Friesland gekoloniseerd. De huidige bewoners spreken nog steeds een Noord-Fries dialect, het Helgolands of Halunder Freesk. Het werd ingelijfd bij het Vikingrijk. In 1720 spoelde een zandbank tussen Helgoland en het kleinere eiland Düne door een stormvloed grotendeels weg. De verbinding tussen de twee eilanden ging daardoor verloren. Helgoland bleef tot 1814 tot Denemarken behoren. De Britten veroverden het eiland in 1807 op de Denen. Het strategisch belangrijke eiland. In 1890 ruilde de Britten Helgoland aan Duitsland voor het Oost-Afrikaanse Zanzibar. Keizer Wilhelm II bouwde Helgoland uit tot marinesteunpunt en dat bleef het tot na de Tweede Wereldoorlog. In de Eerste Wereldoorlog werden alle bewoners gedwongen het eiland te verlaten. Op het einde van de Tweede Wereldoorlog voerden duizend vliegtuigen van de Royal Air Force een vernietigend bombardement uit, waarbij circa zevenduizend bommen werden afgeworpen, waardoor het eiland onbewoonbaar werd en de bevolking moest worden geëvacueerd. De Royal Air Force gebruikte het voor schietoefeningen. In 1947 bliezen de Britten de bunkers en militaire voorzieningen met liefst 6.700 ton explosieven op. Het is flink getroffen en daardoor van vorm veranderd. In 1952 mocht de bevolking na lang aandringen terugkeren. Sindsdien leeft het eiland hoofdzakelijk van het toerisme. In 2011 verwierp de bevolking van Helgoland het uitgewerkte plan om Helgoland en Düne opnieuw met elkaar te verbinden. Het Helgoland-museum biedt een rijk overzicht van de geschiedenis, de folklore en de aard van het eiland. Je kunt ook genieten van films. De geschiedenis is opwindend omdat Helgoland is beïnvloed door Deense, Britse en Duitse inzittenden. Luchtfoto van het noordelijke deel van Helgoland met nieuwe vestingwerken en kanonnen in 1919 - Fotograaf: onbekend - ansichtkaart.
Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence
Florence (Italian: Firenze; Tuscan: Fiorenza) is the capital city of the Italian region of Tuscany. It is the most populous city in Tuscany, with 383,084 inhabitants in 2013, and over 1,520,000 in its metropolitan area.
Florence was a centre of medieval European trade and finance and one of the wealthiest cities of that era. It is considered the birthplace of the Renaissance, and has been called "the Athens of the Middle Ages". Its turbulent political history includes periods of rule by the powerful Medici family and numerous religious and republican revolutions. From 1865 to 1871 the city served as the capital of the Kingdom of Italy (established in 1861). The Florentine dialect forms the base of Standard Italian and it became the language of culture throughout Italy due to the prestige of the masterpieces by Dante Alighieri, Petrarch, Giovanni Boccaccio, Niccolò Machiavelli and Francesco Guicciardini.
The city attracts millions of tourists each year, and UNESCO declared the Historic Centre of Florence a World Heritage Site in 1982. The city is noted for its culture, Renaissance art and architecture and monuments. The city also contains numerous museums and art galleries, such as the Uffizi Gallery and the Palazzo Pitti, and still exerts an influence in the fields of art, culture and politics. Due to Florence's artistic and architectural heritage, Forbes has ranked it as one of the most beautiful cities in the world.
Florence plays an important role in Italian fashion, and is ranked in the top 15 fashion capitals of the world; furthermore, it is a major national economic centre, as well as a tourist and industrial hub. In 2008 the city had the 17th-highest average income in Italy.
Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence_Cathedral
Florence Cathedral, formally the Cattedrale di Santa Maria del Fiore (English "Cathedral of Saint Mary of the Flower"), is the cathedral of Florence, Italy (Italian: Duomo di Firenze). It was begun in 1296 in the Gothic style to a design of Arnolfo di Cambio and was structurally completed by 1436, with the dome designed by Filippo Brunelleschi. The exterior of the basilica is faced with polychrome marble panels in various shades of green and pink, bordered by white, and has an elaborate 19th-century Gothic Revival façade by Emilio De Fabris.
The cathedral complex, in Piazza del Duomo, includes the Baptistery and Giotto's Campanile. These three buildings are part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site covering the historic centre of Florence and are a major tourist attraction of Tuscany. The basilica is one of Italy's largest churches, and until the development of new structural materials in the modern era, the dome was the largest in the world. It remains the largest brick dome ever constructed.
The cathedral is the mother church of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Florence.
Italien / Trentino - Tenno (Calvola)
Tenno (Tén in local dialect) is a comune (municipality) in Trentino in the northern Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, located about 30 kilometres (19 mi) southwest of Trento.
Tenno borders the following municipalities: Comano Terme, Fiavè, Arco, Ledro and Riva del Garda.
Tenno contains the waterfalls of Cascate del Varone.
Tenno hosts an yearly summer festival called Quarta d'Agosto (Fourth of August) which is celebrated the fourth Sunday of August, in Cologna.
(Wikipedia)
Tenno (auf deutsch früher Thenn) ist eine italienische Gemeinde in der Provinz Trient (Region Trentino-Südtirol) mit 2012 Einwohnern (Stand 31. Dezember 2019). Sie liegt 43 km südwestlich von Trient und 79 km nordwestlich von Verona.
Verwaltungsgliederung
Die Gemeinde Tenno setzt sich aus vier Fraktionen zusammen, zu denen wiederum mehrere Weiler (italienisch Località) gehören. Die Fraktionen, bis 1929 alle selbstständige Gemeinden, sind Cologna-Gavazzo, Tenno (Gemeindesitz), Ville del Monte und Pranzo. Die 3 Weiler Volta di No, Piazze und Teggiole sind Teil der Fraktion Cologna-Gavazzo. Die Weiler San Antonio, Calvola, Pastoedo, Canale, Lago di Tenno und Mattoni gehören zur Fraktion Ville del Monte.
Die Nachbargemeinden sind: Arco, Comano Terme, Fiavè, Ledro und Riva del Garda.
Geografie
Tenno liegt im Hinterland des Gardasees, einige Kilometer nördlich von Riva del Garda. Das Gemeindegebiet von Tenno auch als Tennese bezeichnet, erstreckt sich vom Ort Gavazzo Nuova (201 m s.l.m.) bis zum Rio Secco oberhalb des Tennosees und umfasst den ganzen dazwischen liegenden Bereich.
Eingegrenzt im Osten vom Monte Misone (1803 m s.l.m.) und seinen Ausläufern, liegen westlich die Berge der Ledrogruppe, denen der Monte Tombio (841 m s.l.m.) und der Monte S. Martino (1075 m s.l.m.) vorgelagert sind. Unterhalb des Monte Misone liegt der durch einen Hangrutsch im 12. Jahrhundert aufgestaute Tennosee. Das vom See in nordnordwestlicher Richtung weiterverlaufende und vom Rio Secco durchzogene Tal verengt sich zusehends und endet am Passo di Ballino (755 m s.l.m.), der bereits im Gemeindegebiet von Fiavè liegt und die geographische Grenze zu den Äußeren Judikarien darstellt. Dieser obere nördliche Bereich unterscheidet sich wesentlich vom südlichen vom Rio Magnone durchflossenen breiteren Abschnitt, der klimatisch vom nahe liegenden Gardasee beeinflusst wird.
Dieses nach dem Rio Magnone benannte Tal, Valle di Magnone, ist durch einen Gletscher entstanden, dessen Moräne am südöstlichen Ende des Tales eine terrassenartige Stufe aufgeworfen hat, auf der die Burg von Tenno liegt. Der Magnone, der an den Osthängen des Corno di Pichea (2138 m s.l.m.) entspringt hat das Tal tief eingeschnitten und überwindet die Moränenstufe in einem fast 100 m hohen klammartigen Wasserfall oberhalb von Varone, einer Fraktion von Riva del Garda, nach der der Wasserfall, Cascate del Varone, auch benannt ist. Der zweite erwähnenswerte Wasserlauf, der Rio Secco, im nördlichen Bereich, entspringt am Dosso della Torta (2156 m s.l.m.) und ist der einzige bedeutende Zufluss des Tennosees.
Alle Orte der Gemeinde liegen mit Ausnahme von Pranzo (463 m s.l.m.) auf der orographisch linken Talseite.
Das Gemeindegebiet von Tenno ist auch in der jüngeren Vergangenheit immer wieder von Erdrutschen heimgesucht worden. So löste sich westlich des Tennosees nach mehrtägigen schweren Regenfällen im November 2000 ein über 4 Millionen Kubikmeter großer Hangrutsch, der nicht nur den Lauf des Rio Magnone, sondern auch das Aussehen des Tales veränderte.
Geschichte
Tenno wurde 1194 als Theni erstmals urkundlich erwähnt. Wie Funde bezeugen, war die Gegend um Tenno aber bereits zur Bronzezeit besiedelt. Der Ortsname geht vermutlich auf eine langobardische Siedlung zurück, von der bei Ausgrabungen Reste gefunden wurden.
Die Lage an einer wichtigen Straße, die das Nordufer des Gardasees mit den Judikarien über den Passo Balino verband sowie der nahegelegene Pass Bocca di Trat, der eine wichtige Verbindung in das Ledrotal darstellte, waren ausschlaggebend für die Entwicklung des Ortes und seiner Burg. Tenno bestand historisch aus drei auch sonst klar von einander abgegrenzten Ortsteilen, den sogenannte Ville del Piano, die sich damit von den darüber gelegenen Ville del Monte auch namentlich unterschieden. Zu den Ville del Piano zählt Frapporta, der unter der Burg gelegene und mit einer eigenen Ringmauer und Türmen versehene, erstmals 1211 als infra pòrtam (deutsch zwischen den Toren) das heißt zwischen Stadt- und Burgtor erwähnte Ortsteil, der einen einzigen Wehrkomplex mit der angrenzenden Burg bildete und im Trentino eines der seltenen Beispiele darstellt, in der ein Wohnbereich in eine Wehrstruktur eingegliedert wurde.
Nördlich von Frapporta, heute rechts der zum Passo Balino führenden Staatsstraße, liegen die beiden Ortsteile Gardule und Veduto (auch als Revedù bezeichnet) mit der erstmals 1204 erwähnten Pfarrkirche Santa Maria Immacolata, die in der Vergangenheit mehrmals um- und ausgebaut wurde und deren heutiges Aussehen auf das Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts zurückgeht, während der Campanile noch aus dem 16. Jahrhundert stammt.
Nachdem Tenno seine Bedeutung als Straßenknotenpunkt mit dem Bau der Ponalestraße in das Ledrotal und der Straße durch die Limaro-Schlucht zwischen Sarche und Comano Terme in der Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts verloren hat, stellt heute der Fremdenverkehr eine bedeutende Einkommensquelle dar.
Kulinarische Spezialitäten
Tenno gilt mit Arco und Varone als Ursprungsgebiet des traditionellen Trentiner Fleischgerichts Carne Salada.
(Wikipedia)
Módena (Mòdna en dialecto modenés; Modena en italiano) es una ciudad italiana, capital de la provincia de Módena, en la región Emilia-Romaña. Cuenta con una población de 184 973 habitantes. La catedral, la Torre Cívica («Ghirlandina») y la Piazza Grande de la ciudad están declaradas Patrimonio de la Humanidad por la Unesco.
Módena queda en la llanura padana, y está rodeada por dos ríos, el Secchia y el Panaro, ambos afluentes del Po. Su presencia está simbolizada por la fuente de los dos ríos, en el centro de la ciudad, obra de Giuseppe Graziosi. La ciudad está conectada con el Panaro a través del canal Naviglio.
La cordillera de los Apeninos comienzan a unos 10 kilómetros al sur de la ciudad.
Módena es un importante centro industrial. La ciudad se ubica en el corazón de la «Motor Valley» que forma un conjunto de grupos industriales prestigios así como numerosos circuitos y museos. Las empresas Lamborghini, Pagani, Ferrari y Maserati tienen su sede dentro de un radio de 20 km alrededor de Módena.
Ubicado en la llanura Padana, el territorio modenés dispone de importantes riquezas gustativas. Su producto líder es el vinagre balsámico producido en los dominios agrícolas en el entorno de Módena. La base de su elaboración son las uvas cosechadas en los viñedos de la provincia. El lambrusco, vino rosado burbujeante, tiene como origen las viñas cercanas de Módena y Reggio Emilia. Además, Módena es la tierra del queso parmigiano reggiano y del jamón de Módena. Junto con Bolonia, Módena comparte el lugar de origen de la pasta tortellini.
El Duomo de Módena, la Torre Ghirlandina y la Piazza Grande están incluidos desde 1997 dentro del Patrimonio mundial de la UNESCO. El arquitecto Lanfranco y el escultor Wiligelmo erigieron el Duomo en el siglo XII por San Geminiano, obispo de Módena y Santo Patrón de la ciudad. Entre 1179 y 1319 se construyó la torre Ghirlandina asociada con el Duomo. Su nombre de Ghirlandina -guirnalda- resulta de su forma y recuerda la torre Giralda de Sevilla.
Durante más de dos siglos, la familia Este tenía como sede el Palazzo Ducale (palacio ducal). Hoy en día, este palacio recibe la Academia militar.
El Palazzo Comunale –ayuntamiento– cuya la fachada está en la Piazza Grande abarca un conjunto de edificios más antiguos. Dentro del edificio se encuentra la Secchia rapita –el cubo raptado- uno de los símbolos de la ciudad. La estatua de la Bonissima, símbolo de bondad, está posada en la esquina exterior del Palazzo Comunale.
Iglesias. Módena es una ciudad rica en iglesias, se cuentan más de quince en el casco histórico. También es importante nombrar a la iglesia de Santa María Pomposa, la iglesia del Voto o la iglesia de San Vicenzo. Existe también una sinagoga ubicada cerca del Palazzo Comunale.
En el mercado Albinelli se reúnen cada día productores locales de vinagre balsámico, jamón curdo o queso, entre otros.
es.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B3dena
Modena is a city and comune (municipality) on the south side of the Po Valley, in the Province of Modena, in the Emilia-Romagna region of northern Italy.
A town, and seat of an archbishop, it is known for its car industry since the factories of the famous Italian upper-class sports car makers Ferrari, De Tomaso, Lamborghini, Pagani and Maserati are, or were, located there and all, except Lamborghini, have headquarters in the city or nearby. One of Ferrari's cars, the 360 Modena, was named after the town itself. Ferrari's production plant and Formula One team Scuderia Ferrari are based in Maranello south of the city.
The University of Modena, founded in 1175 and expanded by Francesco II d'Este in 1686, focuses on economics, medicine and law, and is the second oldest athenaeum in Italy. Italian military officers are trained at the Military Academy of Modena, and partly housed in the Baroque Ducal Palace. The Biblioteca Estense houses historical volumes and 3,000 manuscripts. The Cathedral of Modena, the Torre della Ghirlandina and Piazza Grande are a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1997.
Modena is also known in culinary circles for its production of balsamic vinegar.
Famous Modenesi include Mary of Modena, the Queen consort of England and Scotland; operatic tenor Luciano Pavarotti and soprano Mirella Freni, born in Modena itself; Enzo Ferrari, eponymous founder of the Ferrari motor company; Catholic priest Gabriele Amorth; chef Massimo Bottura; comics artist Franco Bonvicini; the band Modena City Ramblers and singer-songwriter Francesco Guccini, who lived here for several decades.
The Tawu county capital is located at Tawu. The distinctive dialect spoken here (known in Tibetan as "Tawu Lok-ke") may wellaccord with the legend stating that the displaced inhabitants of Minyak migrated to these parts following their defeat by Genghiz Qan in 1227 . The low altitude of Tawu ( 3.125 m) and the prosperity of the valley have attracted Chinese immigrants since the first Chinese settlement was founded here in 1911 by Zhao Erfeng. Area:5.099 sq km. www.footprinttravelguides.com/c/2848/tibet/&Action=pr...
Aboriginal History of Wilcannia:
Wilcannia is located on the Darling River, about halfway between Bourke and Wentworth. The river is known as Barka by the local Aboriginal people or Barkandji, literally people belonging to the Barka, and it is surrounded on all sides by Barkandji speaking people. The people from along the Barka and varying distances either side from near Bourke down to Wentworth all recognised the Barkandji language as their primary language, but they were divided into subgroups with different dialects of this one language. The Barkandji language is very different from all the neighbouring languages including the adjoining Ngiyampaa/Ngemba to the east, the Kulin, and Murray River languages to the south, and the Yardli and Thura-Yura language groups to the west and north.
Barkandji have a unique culture and depended heavily on the grinding or pounding of seeds on large grinding dishes or mortars and pestles, such as grass, portulaca, and acacia seeds. In the riverine areas, there is a strong emphasis on aquatic plant food tubers and corms, and fish, yabbies, turtles, mussels, and shrimps as well as water birds and their eggs. Insect foods were also important, such as parti or witchetty grubs along the rivers and creeks, and termite larvae in the Mallee country. Large and small canoes were cut out, necessitating ground edge axes, and string manufacture for fish nets, hunting nets, bags, and belts was an important part of the culture. The Wilcannia area still shows tangible evidence of traditional life in the form of canoe trees, coolamon trees, middens, heat retainer ovens, ashy deposits, stone tool quarries and artefacts.
Thomas Mitchell led the first exploring party to reach Wilcannia and gave the Barkandji their first unpleasant taste of what was to come. Mitchell travelled via the Bogan to the Darling River near Bourke and then down the river to Wilcannia then Menindee, reaching it in July 1835. Mitchell was harassed by Barkandji as he did not understand that he had to properly negotiate permission for use of water, grass, land to camp on etc., and in addition his men were abusing women behind his back and breaking all the rules. He gave them names such as the Fire Eaters and the Spitting Tribe as they tried to warn him off. His comments show that the Barkandji groups he met occupied "different portions of the river", and that they owned the resources in their territories including the water in the river. The exclusive possession enjoyed by the Barkandji and the need to obtain permission before using any of their resources is demonstrated by the following comment about the "Spitting Tribe" from the river near Wilcannia:
"The Spitting Tribe desired our men to pour out the water from their buckets, as if it had belonged to them; digging, at the same time a hole in the ground to receive it when poured out; and I have more than once seen a river chief, on receiving a tomahawk, point to the stream and signify that we were then at liberty to take water from it, so strongly were they possessed with the notion that the water was their own"
A hill 15 kilometres north of Wilcannia was named Mount Murchison by Mitchell and this became the name of the very large original station that included the location that was to become Wilcannia township.
In 1862 the area northwest of Mount Murchison Station was still frontier country with continual conflict. Frederic Bonney was based at Mount Murchison homestead and then nearby Momba homestead from 1865 to 1881 and he bluntly states in his notebooks that in this period "natives killed by settlers - shot like dogs"
Bonney recorded extensive detail about the lives, language, culture, and personalities of the Aboriginal people at Mount Murchison/Momba and left us with extremely significant series of photos of Aboriginal people taken in this period. He does not elaborate about the way the station was set up except for his comment above. Frederic Bonney not only respected and looked after the local people but he sympathised with them, worked with them, and respected them. The Bonney papers and photographs are a treasure of information about the Aboriginal people living there between 1865 and 1881. Bonney published a paper in 1884 but long after he had returned to England to live he campaigned for the better treatment of the Aboriginal people, and he tried to educate the public about the complexity of Aboriginal culture.
Bonney names about 44 individual Aboriginal people living at Momba in this period, and one group photo from the same period shows a total of 38 people. Descendants of some of the people Bonney describes still live in Wilcannia and surrounding areas today.
Aboriginal people worked on Moomba and Mount Murchison Station, and from very early times fringe camps grew up around Wilcannia. The land straight across the River from the Wilcannia post office was gazetted as an Aboriginal Reserve, and this became the nucleus of a very large fringe camp that grew into a substantial settlement spaced out along the river bank in the 1930s to the 1970s. By 1953 the Aboriginal Welfare Board had built a series of 14 barrack-like and inappropriately designed houses in an enlarged reserve, now an attractive tree lined settlement known as the Mission (although never a mission it was beside a Catholic School and clinic, thus the name). Today Aboriginal people are the majority of the population of the vibrant, creative, and culturally active town of Wilcannia, and the main users of the post office facilities.
Wilcannia History:
The first secure pastoralists at Mount Murchison were the brothers Hugh and Bushby Jamieson of Mildura Station on the Murray, who in 1856 took up Tallandra and Moorabin blocks, later extended with other blocks and named Mount Murchison Station. Captain Cadell's paddlesteamer Albury was the first to travel up the Darling, landing flour and other stores for the Jamiesons at Mount Murchison in February 1859. The Albury then loaded 100 bales of wool from their woolshed and brought it down to Adelaide. At this time there were no other stations on the Darling between Mt Murchison and Fort Bourke. A little later:
"An enterprising attempt has just been made by Mr. Hugh Jamieson, of Mount Murchison, to bring fat sheep speedily to Adelaide. Mr. Jamieson having chartered Captain Cadell's steamer, Albury, that vessel was prepared, and received on board at Mildura 550 fine fat sheep. These were landed at Moorundee last Tuesday, after a rapid passage of two days, all the sheep being in splendid condition when put ashore"
Jamiesons sold in 1864 to Robert Barr Smith and Ross Reid from Adelaide. The brothers Edward and Frederic Bonney were leasing some adjacent blocks and possibly worked at Mount Murchison for these owners. In 1875 they bought the Mount Murchison/Momba complex, one of the largest stations in New South Wale. In 1865 it was known as Mount Murchison, in 1881 it was all known as Momba, later splitting into smaller stations. The original Mount Murchison Station homestead block was also known as Head Station or Karannia, the Barkandji name for the area just north of the town near where the Paroo River comes into the Barka. The original Mount Murchison woolshed was located on what is now Baker Park, Wilcannia, which is adjacent to the current Post Office.
The site of Wilcannia was selected on Mount Murchison Station in 1864 by John Chadwick Woore, who was appointed Commissioner of Crown Lands of the Albert District in 1863 and was based at Wilcannia. The town was proclaimed in 1866 and in the 1870s it became a coaching centre for prospectors exploiting the region's gold, copper, silver, and opal resources, and the administrative, service, and shipping centre for the pastoral industry. Wilcannia was incorporated as a municipality in 1881, and around this time it became New South Wales biggest inland port and Australia's third largest inland port (after Echuca Victoria and Morgan South Australia). 'The Queen of the River' or 'Queen City of the West'. At the height of its prosperity around 1880, the town boasted a population of 3,000. According to the Register of the National Estate, during 1887 alone, 222 steamers took on 26,550 tonnes of wool and other goods at Wilcannia wharves. The value of goods coming down the Darling River in 1884 was 1,359,786 pounds, and included over 30,000 bales of wool. The customs house, another Wilcannia stone building now demolished, located immediately between the Post office and the river bank and wharfs, took 17,544 pounds in customs duties in 1889. Paddlesteamers gradually declined, particularly after the 1920s, although a few continued to trade up and down the river into the 1940's, still remembered by elderly Wilcannia residents.
Wilcannia in the 1870s and into the 1900s was the centre of the pastoral and mining boom of the far west of New South Wales, and it was the centre of the paddlesteamer river trade from the Upper Darling to the Murray River and outlets such as Adelaide and Melbourne. The frequent dry seasons and lack of water in the river led to other methods of transporting goods being used, such as camel trains, but when the water came down the river trade always returned. The river trade built Wilcannia's fine buildings, but it was also its undoing, as the New South Wales government intervened to reduce the river trade because goods were moving to and from Adelaide and Melbourne, not Sydney.
Plans to improve navigation on the river were suggested in 1859 after Captain Cadell's first successful voyage up the Darling that was followed by other paddlesteamers. Cadell gave evidence at a New South Wales Select Committee that the Darling would be become reliable for boats if a system of locks were built at very reasonable cost that would hold back water during the drier seasons. The plans to build locks along the Darling River to make navigation more consistent were investigated again and again, but were not realised because the New South Wales government believed trade would benefit Victoria and South Australia.
After the opening of the Sydney to Bourke railway line in 1885, Wilcannia lost its status as the major commercial centre of the Darling River. The trade from the far North West New South Wales then tended to go to the railhead at Bourke and straight to Sydney. There were plans in the 1880s for the railway to be run from Cobar to Wilcannia, however this plan was continuously put off. Plans for a railway to Wilcannia continued to be made throughout the 1890's and early 1900's, and including a proposal from Cobar to Broken Hill then linking to South Australia as the Great Western Railway. In 1907 "a large petition was forwarded to Sydney from Wilcannia for presentation to the Premier urging immediate construction of the Cobar-Wilcannia Railway, and subsequent extension to Broken Hill".
The New South Wales government attempt to stop trade leaking out of the state resulted in their refusal to build a railway to Wilcannia (as goods tended to go to Wilcannia and down the river), or to extend the railway to South Australia for the same reasons. The bend in the river on the north side of town celebrates this government intransigence by its name "Iron Pole Bend", the iron pole said to have been placed at the surveyed location of the proposed railway bridge. New South Wales eventually built a railway through the low population Ivanhoe route to the south of Wilcannia reaching Broken Hill in 1927, and even then it stopped at Broken Hill and did not join the South Australian line until 1970. The link between Broken Hill and the South Australian railway was provided from 1884 to 1970 by the narrow gauge private railway 'the Silverton Tramway', which also took trade from Wilcannia.
The combination of missing out on the railway and locking of the river, the severe drought on 1900 - 1901, and the damage to the pastoral economy by drought, rabbits, and over grazing, led to a down turn in Wilcannia's prospects, leaving the fine stone buildings such as the post office languishing as tangible reminders of a time when Wilcannia was known as the "Queen City of the West" and was the largest inland port in New South Wales and the third largest inland port in Australia.
Source: New South Wales Heritage Register
Manarola (Manaea in the local dialect) is a small town, a frazione of the comune (municipality) of Riomaggiore, in the province of La Spezia, Liguria, northern Italy. It is the second smallest of the famous Cinque Terre towns frequented by tourists.
Canon 60D
17-55mm f2.8 at 17mm
1/30 second
f/22
ISO 200
Brindisi (Italian pronunciation: [ˈbrindizi] in the local dialect: Brìnnisi; is a city in the region of Apulia in southern Italy, the capital of the province of Brindisi, on the coast of the Adriatic Sea. Historically, the city has played an important role in trade and culture, due to its strategic position on the Italian Peninsula and its natural port on the Adriatic Sea. The city remains a major port for trade with Greece and the Middle East. Brindisi's most flourishing industries include agriculture, chemical works, and the generation of electricity.
This building has a brick front facade and is constructed in an Art Deco design with a curved stepped parapet. The brickwork has now been painted but the overall character is retained of an original Art Deco building.
The garage was constructed around 1940 and the building was used until recent years as a mechanic workshop (Wilcannia Auto Repairs); which is appropriate given its original function, as a regional garage.
This structure is one of a small number of inter-war buildings in Wilcannia, and its detailing echoes the prevailing aesthetics of the day, reflecting the growth of Wilcannia at that time based on the prosperity of the wool industry.
Aboriginal History of Wilcannia:
Wilcannia is located on the Darling River, about halfway between Bourke and Wentworth. The river is known as Barka by the local Aboriginal people or Barkandji, literally people belonging to the Barka, and it is surrounded on all sides by Barkandji speaking people. The people from along the Barka and varying distances either side from near Bourke down to Wentworth all recognised the Barkandji language as their primary language, but they were divided into subgroups with different dialects of this one language. The Barkandji language is very different from all the neighbouring languages including the adjoining Ngiyampaa/Ngemba to the east, the Kulin, and Murray River languages to the south, and the Yardli and Thura-Yura language groups to the west and north.
Barkandji have a unique culture and depended heavily on the grinding or pounding of seeds on large grinding dishes or mortars and pestles, such as grass, portulaca, and acacia seeds. In the riverine areas, there is a strong emphasis on aquatic plant food tubers and corms, and fish, yabbies, turtles, mussels, and shrimps as well as water birds and their eggs. Insect foods were also important, such as parti or witchetty grubs along the rivers and creeks, and termite larvae in the Mallee country. Large and small canoes were cut out, necessitating ground edge axes, and string manufacture for fish nets, hunting nets, bags, and belts was an important part of the culture. The Wilcannia area still shows tangible evidence of traditional life in the form of canoe trees, coolamon trees, middens, heat retainer ovens, ashy deposits, stone tool quarries and artefacts.
Thomas Mitchell led the first exploring party to reach Wilcannia and gave the Barkandji their first unpleasant taste of what was to come. Mitchell travelled via the Bogan to the Darling River near Bourke and then down the river to Wilcannia then Menindee, reaching it in July 1835. Mitchell was harassed by Barkandji as he did not understand that he had to properly negotiate permission for use of water, grass, land to camp on etc., and in addition his men were abusing women behind his back and breaking all the rules. He gave them names such as the Fire Eaters and the Spitting Tribe as they tried to warn him off. His comments show that the Barkandji groups he met occupied "different portions of the river", and that they owned the resources in their territories including the water in the river. The exclusive possession enjoyed by the Barkandji and the need to obtain permission before using any of their resources is demonstrated by the following comment about the "Spitting Tribe" from the river near Wilcannia:
"The Spitting Tribe desired our men to pour out the water from their buckets, as if it had belonged to them; digging, at the same time a hole in the ground to receive it when poured out; and I have more than once seen a river chief, on receiving a tomahawk, point to the stream and signify that we were then at liberty to take water from it, so strongly were they possessed with the notion that the water was their own"
A hill 15 kilometres north of Wilcannia was named Mount Murchison by Mitchell and this became the name of the very large original station that included the location that was to become Wilcannia township.
In 1862 the area northwest of Mount Murchison Station was still frontier country with continual conflict. Frederic Bonney was based at Mount Murchison homestead and then nearby Momba homestead from 1865 to 1881 and he bluntly states in his notebooks that in this period "natives killed by settlers - shot like dogs"
Bonney recorded extensive detail about the lives, language, culture, and personalities of the Aboriginal people at Mount Murchison/Momba and left us with extremely significant series of photos of Aboriginal people taken in this period. He does not elaborate about the way the station was set up except for his comment above. Frederic Bonney not only respected and looked after the local people but he sympathised with them, worked with them, and respected them. The Bonney papers and photographs are a treasure of information about the Aboriginal people living there between 1865 and 1881. Bonney published a paper in 1884 but long after he had returned to England to live he campaigned for the better treatment of the Aboriginal people, and he tried to educate the public about the complexity of Aboriginal culture.
Bonney names about 44 individual Aboriginal people living at Momba in this period, and one group photo from the same period shows a total of 38 people. Descendants of some of the people Bonney describes still live in Wilcannia and surrounding areas today.
Aboriginal people worked on Moomba and Mount Murchison Station, and from very early times fringe camps grew up around Wilcannia. The land straight across the River from the Wilcannia post office was gazetted as an Aboriginal Reserve, and this became the nucleus of a very large fringe camp that grew into a substantial settlement spaced out along the river bank in the 1930s to the 1970s. By 1953 the Aboriginal Welfare Board had built a series of 14 barrack-like and inappropriately designed houses in an enlarged reserve, now an attractive tree lined settlement known as the Mission (although never a mission it was beside a Catholic School and clinic, thus the name). Today Aboriginal people are the majority of the population of the vibrant, creative, and culturally active town of Wilcannia, and the main users of the post office facilities.
Wilcannia History:
The first secure pastoralists at Mount Murchison were the brothers Hugh and Bushby Jamieson of Mildura Station on the Murray, who in 1856 took up Tallandra and Moorabin blocks, later extended with other blocks and named Mount Murchison Station. Captain Cadell's paddlesteamer Albury was the first to travel up the Darling, landing flour and other stores for the Jamiesons at Mount Murchison in February 1859. The Albury then loaded 100 bales of wool from their woolshed and brought it down to Adelaide. At this time there were no other stations on the Darling between Mt Murchison and Fort Bourke. A little later:
"An enterprising attempt has just been made by Mr. Hugh Jamieson, of Mount Murchison, to bring fat sheep speedily to Adelaide. Mr. Jamieson having chartered Captain Cadell's steamer, Albury, that vessel was prepared, and received on board at Mildura 550 fine fat sheep. These were landed at Moorundee last Tuesday, after a rapid passage of two days, all the sheep being in splendid condition when put ashore"
Jamiesons sold in 1864 to Robert Barr Smith and Ross Reid from Adelaide. The brothers Edward and Frederic Bonney were leasing some adjacent blocks and possibly worked at Mount Murchison for these owners. In 1875 they bought the Mount Murchison/Momba complex, one of the largest stations in New South Wale. In 1865 it was known as Mount Murchison, in 1881 it was all known as Momba, later splitting into smaller stations. The original Mount Murchison Station homestead block was also known as Head Station or Karannia, the Barkandji name for the area just north of the town near where the Paroo River comes into the Barka. The original Mount Murchison woolshed was located on what is now Baker Park, Wilcannia, which is adjacent to the current Post Office.
The site of Wilcannia was selected on Mount Murchison Station in 1864 by John Chadwick Woore, who was appointed Commissioner of Crown Lands of the Albert District in 1863 and was based at Wilcannia. The town was proclaimed in 1866 and in the 1870s it became a coaching centre for prospectors exploiting the region's gold, copper, silver, and opal resources, and the administrative, service, and shipping centre for the pastoral industry. Wilcannia was incorporated as a municipality in 1881, and around this time it became New South Wales biggest inland port and Australia's third largest inland port (after Echuca Victoria and Morgan South Australia). 'The Queen of the River' or 'Queen City of the West'. At the height of its prosperity around 1880, the town boasted a population of 3,000. According to the Register of the National Estate, during 1887 alone, 222 steamers took on 26,550 tonnes of wool and other goods at Wilcannia wharves. The value of goods coming down the Darling River in 1884 was 1,359,786 pounds, and included over 30,000 bales of wool. The customs house, another Wilcannia stone building now demolished, located immediately between the Post office and the river bank and wharfs, took 17,544 pounds in customs duties in 1889. Paddlesteamers gradually declined, particularly after the 1920s, although a few continued to trade up and down the river into the 1940's, still remembered by elderly Wilcannia residents.
Wilcannia in the 1870s and into the 1900s was the centre of the pastoral and mining boom of the far west of New South Wales, and it was the centre of the paddlesteamer river trade from the Upper Darling to the Murray River and outlets such as Adelaide and Melbourne. The frequent dry seasons and lack of water in the river led to other methods of transporting goods being used, such as camel trains, but when the water came down the river trade always returned. The river trade built Wilcannia's fine buildings, but it was also its undoing, as the New South Wales government intervened to reduce the river trade because goods were moving to and from Adelaide and Melbourne, not Sydney.
Plans to improve navigation on the river were suggested in 1859 after Captain Cadell's first successful voyage up the Darling that was followed by other paddlesteamers. Cadell gave evidence at a New South Wales Select Committee that the Darling would be become reliable for boats if a system of locks were built at very reasonable cost that would hold back water during the drier seasons. The plans to build locks along the Darling River to make navigation more consistent were investigated again and again, but were not realised because the New South Wales government believed trade would benefit Victoria and South Australia.
After the opening of the Sydney to Bourke railway line in 1885, Wilcannia lost its status as the major commercial centre of the Darling River. The trade from the far North West New South Wales then tended to go to the railhead at Bourke and straight to Sydney. There were plans in the 1880s for the railway to be run from Cobar to Wilcannia, however this plan was continuously put off. Plans for a railway to Wilcannia continued to be made throughout the 1890's and early 1900's, and including a proposal from Cobar to Broken Hill then linking to South Australia as the Great Western Railway. In 1907 "a large petition was forwarded to Sydney from Wilcannia for presentation to the Premier urging immediate construction of the Cobar-Wilcannia Railway, and subsequent extension to Broken Hill".
The New South Wales government attempt to stop trade leaking out of the state resulted in their refusal to build a railway to Wilcannia (as goods tended to go to Wilcannia and down the river), or to extend the railway to South Australia for the same reasons. The bend in the river on the north side of town celebrates this government intransigence by its name "Iron Pole Bend", the iron pole said to have been placed at the surveyed location of the proposed railway bridge. New South Wales eventually built a railway through the low population Ivanhoe route to the south of Wilcannia reaching Broken Hill in 1927, and even then it stopped at Broken Hill and did not join the South Australian line until 1970. The link between Broken Hill and the South Australian railway was provided from 1884 to 1970 by the narrow gauge private railway 'the Silverton Tramway', which also took trade from Wilcannia.
The combination of missing out on the railway and locking of the river, the severe drought on 1900 - 1901, and the damage to the pastoral economy by drought, rabbits, and over grazing, led to a down turn in Wilcannia's prospects, leaving the fine stone buildings such as the post office languishing as tangible reminders of a time when Wilcannia was known as the "Queen City of the West" and was the largest inland port in New South Wales and the third largest inland port in Australia.
Source: New South Wales Heritage Register & Central Darling Heritage Trail.
The flowering tree Crateva religiosa (syn Crataeva religiosa, Crateva adansonii) is called the sacred garlic pear and temple plant, and many other names in a variety of dialects, including Balai Lamok, abiyuch, barna, varuna, and bidasi. The tree is sometimes called the spider tree because the showy flowers bear long, spidery stamens. It is native to Japan, Australia, much of Southeast Asia and several South Pacific islands. It is grown elsewhere for fruit, especially in parts of the African continent.
The fruit of the tree is edible. The nectar-filled flowers are attractive to a multitude of insects and birds. The pierid butterfly (Hebomoia glaucippe) is a frequent visitor to this plant.(Wikipedia)
Thank you for your visit, kind comments, group invites and faves. Always greatly appreciated.
Boshlembo - this name in the Kuwaiti dialect -it,s live in the mud on the sea coast - at low tide it,s com out of the burrows - a similar shape from the top and bottom of the frog-like fish
بوشليمبو - هذه تسميته في اللهجة الكويتية - يعيش في الوحل على ساحل البحر - عند الجزر يخرج من الجحور - شكله من الاعلى مشابه للضفدع ومن الأسفل يشبه السمك