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Nestlé sponsored training of agricultural extension workers in Renala, Pakistan. Passing on vital skills in water management encourages sustainable practices on dairy farms in Pakistan.
April 09, 2019 - WASHINGTON DC - 2019 World Bank/ IMF Spring Meetings. World Bank Group CEO Kristalina Georgieva, IFC VP for Latin America & the Caribbean and Europe and Central Asia Georgina Baker, and the Sexual Violence Research Initiative founder Claudia Garcia-Moreno, 11 winners from around the world were awarded prize money to design, implement, and capture results of new solutions, including the first-ever private sector winner. Photo: World Bank / Grant Ellis
April 09, 2019 - WASHINGTON DC - 2019 World Bank/ IMF Spring Meetings. World Bank Group CEO Kristalina Georgieva, IFC VP for Latin America & the Caribbean and Europe and Central Asia Georgina Baker, and the Sexual Violence Research Initiative founder Claudia Garcia-Moreno, 11 winners from around the world were awarded prize money to design, implement, and capture results of new solutions, including the first-ever private sector winner. Photo: World Bank / Grant Ellis
April 09, 2019 - WASHINGTON DC - 2019 World Bank/ IMF Spring Meetings. World Bank Group CEO Kristalina Georgieva, IFC VP for Latin America & the Caribbean and Europe and Central Asia Georgina Baker, and the Sexual Violence Research Initiative founder Claudia Garcia-Moreno, 11 winners from around the world were awarded prize money to design, implement, and capture results of new solutions, including the first-ever private sector winner. Photo: World Bank / Grant Ellis
April 13, 2019 - WASHINGTON DC - 2019 World Bank/ IMF Spring Meetings.Development Committee Meeting. Photo: World Bank / Franz Mahr
Photo ID: 041319_Development Committee_FM_116
April 09, 2019 - WASHINGTON DC - 2019 World Bank/ IMF Spring Meetings. World Bank Group CEO Kristalina Georgieva, IFC VP for Latin America & the Caribbean and Europe and Central Asia Georgina Baker, and the Sexual Violence Research Initiative founder Claudia Garcia-Moreno. Center: John Graham. 11 winners from around the world were awarded prize money to design, implement, and capture results of new solutions, including the first-ever private sector winner. Photo: World Bank / Grant Ellis
April 09, 2019 - WASHINGTON DC - 2019 World Bank/ IMF Spring Meetings. World Bank Group CEO Kristalina Georgieva, IFC VP for Latin America & the Caribbean and Europe and Central Asia Georgina Baker, and the Sexual Violence Research Initiative founder Claudia Garcia-Moreno, 11 winners from around the world were awarded prize money to design, implement, and capture results of new solutions, including the first-ever private sector winner. Photo: World Bank / Grant Ellis
The high-level event “Empowering Women in Development: Challenges Beyond 2015” took place in Vilnius on October 8-10. Organized by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Lithuania, the Lithuanian Development Cooperation and the Eastern Europe Studies Center in partnership with the Community of Democracies Working Group on Women and Democracy, the event brought together leading figures from governments and civil society, including the President of Lithuania, Dalia Grybauskaitė.
The Secretary General of the Community of Democracies, Ambassador Maria Leissner, participated in the event as a panelist in a panel titled “Women’s Leadership for Democratic Development”. Secretary General Leissner also held a series of advisory meetings with four delegates attending through the Community’s LEND Network, all of whom are involved in promoting women’s political participation in Moldova and Tunisia. One of them, Olga Melniciuc, economic adviser to the Prime Minister’s Economic Council in Moldova, spoke on a conference panel, “Women’s Economic Empowerment: Overcoming Barriers.”
"There's always money in the banana stand."
Not Balboa Island, Orange County. Rather, Marina Del Rey which is about 50 miles North of Balboa. The patio of this landmark snack shack used for the filming of Arrested Development is in the Fisherman's Village that is located about 10 minutes North of LAX, for you travelers.
April 09, 2019 - WASHINGTON DC - 2019 World Bank/ IMF Spring Meetings. World Bank Group CEO Kristalina Georgieva, IFC VP for Latin America & the Caribbean and Europe and Central Asia Georgina Baker, and the Sexual Violence Research Initiative founder Claudia Garcia-Moreno, 11 winners from around the world were awarded prize money to design, implement, and capture results of new solutions, including the first-ever private sector winner. Photo: World Bank / Grant Ellis
April 09, 2019 - WASHINGTON DC - 2019 World Bank/ IMF Spring Meetings. World Bank Group CEO Kristalina Georgieva, IFC VP for Latin America & the Caribbean and Europe and Central Asia Georgina Baker, and the Sexual Violence Research Initiative founder Claudia Garcia-Moreno, 11 winners from around the world were awarded prize money to design, implement, and capture results of new solutions, including the first-ever private sector winner. Photo: World Bank / Grant Ellis
April 09, 2019 - WASHINGTON DC - 2019 World Bank/ IMF Spring Meetings. World Bank Group CEO Kristalina Georgieva, IFC VP for Latin America & the Caribbean and Europe and Central Asia Georgina Baker, and the Sexual Violence Research Initiative founder Claudia Garcia-Moreno, 11 winners from around the world were awarded prize money to design, implement, and capture results of new solutions, including the first-ever private sector winner. Photo: World Bank / Grant Ellis
Muscular Development article about me from August, 1985. I was approached by the magazine after my appearance in the 1983 amateur Mr. World contest, where I won people's choice, first place and judge's choice, fifth place. The photos for the article were shot at the old City Gym owned by Diego in DTLA, now the present location of Staples Center. Diego hung photos of me on the walls of the City Gym as well.
April 09, 2019 - WASHINGTON DC - 2019 World Bank/ IMF Spring Meetings. World Bank Group CEO Kristalina Georgieva, IFC VP for Latin America & the Caribbean and Europe and Central Asia Georgina Baker, and the Sexual Violence Research Initiative founder Claudia Garcia-Moreno, 11 winners from around the world were awarded prize money to design, implement, and capture results of new solutions, including the first-ever private sector winner. Photo: World Bank / Grant Ellis
April 12, 2014 - WASHINGTON DC. 2014 IMF / World Bank Group Spring Meetings. Development Committee Meeting. Development Committee Chair Marek Belka; World Bank Group President Jim Yong Kim; IMF Managing Director Christine Lagarde. Photo: Eugenio Salazar / World Bank
April 09, 2019 - WASHINGTON DC - 2019 World Bank/ IMF Spring Meetings. World Bank Group CEO Kristalina Georgieva, IFC VP for Latin America & the Caribbean and Europe and Central Asia Georgina Baker, and the Sexual Violence Research Initiative founder Claudia Garcia-Moreno, 11 winners from around the world were awarded prize money to design, implement, and capture results of new solutions, including the first-ever private sector winner. Photo: World Bank / Grant Ellis
Event: 2016 Integrated Product Development Trade Show
Location: Ross School of Business
Photographer: Philip Dattilo
Rights: © 2016 Regents of the University of Michigan. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
(734) 647-0308. Tauber.umich.edu
Ashok Kumar, farmer, in his field at Gabbur, Raichur district, Karnataka, India.
Project Result: Private Enterprises Spice Up India's Rural Incomes
Read more on:
April 13, 2019 - WASHINGTON DC - 2019 World Bank/ IMF Spring Meetings.Development Committee Meeting. Photo: World Bank / Franz Mahr
Photo ID: 041319_Development Committee_FM_038
+++ DISCLAIMER +++
Nothing you see here is real, even though the conversion or the presented background story might be based on historical facts. BEWARE!
Some background:
Military aircraft development made huge leaps in the 50ies, and it was around 1955 that the successful, transsonic MiG-19 was to be replaced by a next generation fighter - which was to attain more than Mach 2. At that time, these speed and performance figures were terra incognita, but OKB Mikoyan tackled the official request for a new light tactical fighter, which was primarily intended to be used against high flying bombers, guided by ground radar.
Since it was unclear which basic wing design would be most appropriate for the new high speeds, OKB MiG hesitantly brought forth several test aircraft which sported different wing shapes, so that direct comparison could be done. These were the Ye-1, which featured 57° swept wings, much like the MiG-19, the Ye-4, which featured a delta wing with an identical sweep, and finally the Ye-3, which featured a very thin but moderately swept wing - certainly inspired by the contemporary development of the radical F-104 Starfighter in the USA, which featured a duty profile which was very similar to the new Soviet tactical fighter's requirements.
All three aircraft did not go unnoticed from NATO intelligence, and since it was not clear whether these machines would eventually end up in front service, all received code names, which were, respectively, 'Faceplate', 'Fishbed' and 'Filbert'. As a side note, NATO expected the 'Faceplate' design to be the most likely to enter front service - but eventually it became the 'Fishbed'!
The original Ye-3 used a fuselage and tail of the other prototypes. Beyond the different wings, it featured a modified landing gear which had to be completely retracted into the fuselage, due to the wings' thinness. Since the internal space inside of these thin wings also restricted internal fuel capacity - compared to the Ye-1 and Ye-4 - the aircraft carried drop tanks on its wing tips, while the armament, two IR-guided short range missiles, would be carried under the wings on two hardpoints. These could alternatively carry pods with unguided missiles or iron bombs of up to 1.100 lb calibre. Two NR-30 30mm guns with 50 belt-fed RPG in the lower fuselage complemented the missile ordnance.
The original Ye-3 prototype was powered by an AM-11 engine rated at 8.580 lbf dry thrust and 11.200 lbf at full afterburner. It was the last of the test machine trio to fly: aptly coded "31 Blue" it made its maiden flight on 4th of April 1956 with OKB Mikoyan's chief test pilot Gheorgiy K. Mosolov at the controls. It was immediately clear that the aircraft had poor directional stability. It tended to spin at lower speeds, and at higher speeds the tailplane became ineffective. Handling was hazardous, and after just four test flights the aircraft had to be grounded.
It took until December 1956 that a satisfactory control surface solution could be found. Wind tunnel test had suggested that the horizontal stabilizer had to be moved much higher - higher than on the other prototypes, which already progressed in their test programs. The reworked Ye-3/1 featured a completely new T-tail arrangement with trapezoidal stabilizers which had little left in common with the other test types and made the aircraft look even more like a F-104 copy.In order to enhance the stability problem further, the ventral strakes had been enlarged and the fin chord slightly deepened. This new configuration was successfully tested on 21st 1956 of December.
At that time, a second Ye-3/1 was close to completion. Featuring the tactical code "32 Blue", this aircraft was powered by the new R-11 engine, an uprated AM-11 rated at 8.536 lbf dry and 12.686 lbf with afterburner. The same engine was soon re-fitted to "31 Blue", too, and during 1956 and 1957 both machines took part in the extensive trials program for the MiG-21, how the new fighter should be known in service.
"31 Blue" crashed on 30th of May 1958 due to hydraulic failure, even though the pilot was able to escape unharmed - just one day before another test aircraft, a Ye-6/1 (a modified swept-wing aircraft) crashed, too. Anyway, it was already becoming clear that the delta wing offered the best overall performance, being slightly superior to the swept-wing design. The straight, thin wing, though, was considered unsatisfactory and a dead end. The Ye-3/1 remained a touchy aircraft and was not popular among the test pilots. Compared to the swept or delta wing, the aircraft's agility was good, but it did not offer any significant benefit in speed, rate of climb or range and its poor directional stability was the biggest shortcoming. Additionally, the fact that starting and landing from improvised air strips was much more hazardous than with the other design types if not impossible with the small wings and tires) the Ye-3 was axed in January 1960 with no further development perspectives.
"32 Blue" survived the test phase, but eventually ended up as an instrcutional airframe at the Kharkov Aviation Institute without wings and fin.
General characteristics:
Crew: One
Length (incl. pitot): 16.05 m (53 ft)
Wingspan (incl. drop tanks): 8,18 m (21 ft 6 in)
Height: 3.81 m (12 ft 6 1/3 in)
Wing area: 18 m² (196,1 ft²)
Aspect ratio: 7.3:1
Empty weight: 4.820 kg (10.617 lb)
Loaded weight: 7.844 kg (17.277 lb)
Max. take-off weight: 8.625 kg (19.000 lb)
Powerplant: 1 × Tumanskiy R-11F-300 turbojet, rated at 3875 kgp (8.536 lbf) dry and 5.760 kgp (12.686 lbf) with afterburner
Performance
Maximum speed: 725 mph (1.167 km/h) at sea level, 1.190 mph (1.917km/h) at 13.000m (42.640 ft)
Combat radius: 450 km (245 nm, 280 mi)
Range: 850 ml (1.370 km)
Service ceiling: 19.000 m (62.320 ft)
Rate of climb: 38 m/s (7.480 ft/min)
Armament:
2× Nudelmann-Richter NR-30 30mm cannons with 50 RPG;
1.500 kg (3.300 lb) of payload on four external hardpoints, including:
- 2x PTB-350 wing tip drop tanks (fitted as standard)
- 2× K-13/R-3S (AA-2/"Atoll") AAMs on underwing pylons
- Alternatively, the two underwing pylons could carry pods with unguided missiles or iron bombs of up to 1.100 lb calibre.
The kit and its assembly:
Another whif, based on vague indications that this Starfighter-like design was seriouly considered at OKB MiG in the early 50ies because there exists a (crude) desktop model which shows a MiG-21 fuselage with F-104 wings and tail. An appealing design, and a good story to tell with a model. Anyway, AFAIK the 'Ye-3' designation was never used in the MiG-21 development phase or anywhere else at OKB MiG, so I borrowed it for the kit. The NATO code 'Filbert' is also a fantasy product.
Basically, this model is a kit-bashing. It consists of a Hasegawa MiG-21F-13 fuselage with new wings. The Hasegawa kit is ancient, I guess it is from the early 70ies. It has several flaws, so it is good fodder for such a project. For example, the MiG-21 lacks any serious interior, the landing gear is not even a joke and the prominent Soviet Red Stars have been molded onto the parts as raised panel lines! The area-ruled fuselage is pretty, though, very sleek.
Much room for improvements and improvisation, though. Hence, I built a cockpit interior from scartch and added an Airfix pilot, since these figures look very Soviet. As a side benefit, the figure is rather voluminous, so it covers much of the primitive cockpit interior...
Another modification is the landing gear - I wanted to incorporate much of the aforementioned F-16's landing gear, so that new wells had to be cut into the fuselage. This turned out to be easier than expected, and I did not waste too much effort on it. The F-16 landing gear is shorter than the MiG-21's, so the Ye-3 is closer to the ground than its real world cousins.
For the new thin wings I considered at first butchering an Airfix F-104G Starfighter as donation kit, but eventually found the wings being simply too small for my taste and for what the desktop model paradigm shows. I eventually ended up with wings from an Italeri F-16, which - believe it or not - have the SAME leading and trailing edge angles as the F-104, you just have make angled cuts at the wing tips and the wing roots... I just had to cover up the original flap engravings and fit them to the fuselage. The F-16's horizontal stabilizers were taken, too, but shortened in order to match the smaller dimensions for a Starfighter-like look.
The fin was clipped on top and a new upper end created from the single MiG-21 under-fuselage stabilizer. The latter was replaced by two splayed fins, an arrangement which was featured on the original Ye-prototypes but were later replaced by the single fin.
The missiles and their launch rails are leftover pieces from my recent MiG-21G conversion (from a Hobby Master kit), they were painted orange as dummies, according to Soviet practice.
As extra equipment for a test airfcraft, a small camera pod (based on real life picture of other MiG prototypes and test aircraft) was added under the front fuselage - for recording live missile launch tests.
Painting:
I wanted, according to the background story, keep this a prototype aircraft. Unfortunately, this means that I'd be limited to a natural metal finish - and I hate such surfaces, because they are a great challenge, esp. with the manual brush technique I use...
But I tried to make the best of it and painted the model with a plethora of metal tones - ranging from Testors/Model Master Metallizer (Polished Aluminum, Polished Steel, Titanium, Exhaust) through Humbrol enamels (Aluminum, Gun Metal, Chrome Silver) up to Revell Aqua Acryllics (Aluminum). Additionally, some service flaps were painted in light grey (Humbrol 64), the nose cone (which would have been a metal piece, not a plastic radome) was painted in Humbrol 140.
The kit also received a wash with black ink - not to make it look worn, but to add to a "metallic" look with more contrast at edges and raised panel lines. To enhance this metallic look further, the kit received a treatment with a 'graphite rubbing'.
To make the machine look even more interesting (but not out of style), I added some phototheodolyte calibration markings on fuselage and fin: simple, black stripes, but, again, based on real test aircraft of that era. Additionally, "31 Blue" received four stars under the cockpit as mission markers - not for shot-down aircraft, but for successful live missile launches.
After the decals were applied - puzzled together from the scrap box and several aftermarket sheets for Russian/Soviet aircraft - everything was sealed under a coat of semi-matte acryllic varnish (Tamiya TS-79).
In the end a rather simple conversion, but quite effective and convincing. I think that this potential MiG-21 layout does not look out of place - but there certainly were reasons why the thin, unswept wings did not make it to the hardware stage at OKB MiG...
José Luis Cervera, Director, DevStat, Spain, speaking at the WTIS 2014, International Coordination of ICT Measurement, 10th Anniversary of the Partnership on Measuring ICT for Development, Tbilisi, Georgia.
©ITU/ R.Farrell
Vladimir Minkin, Chairman, WSIS+10 Multistakeholder Preparatory Platform and ITU Council Working Group on WSIS, speaking at the WTIS 2014, International Coordination of ICT Measurement, 10th Anniversary of the Partnership on Measuring ICT for Development, Tbilisi, Georgia.
©ITU/ R.Farrell
A stunningly beautiful but cold day today.. went out and got groceries on a Friday which i love doing.. no crowds in the store! For the first time I noticed this new housing development behind the Loblaws on Sherbrooke street.. lots of new growth in the city lately which is a good sign. It would seem Montreal, being on an island keepsa lot of its citizens within its boundaries instead of pushing them out to the suburbs like a lot of other North American cities do
Elijah is the newest person to join the restaurant morning crew. He's also the youngest as well. I easily notice it whenever he's around. He has that new guy energy of trying to enjoy his work and make a good impression of himself. He joined the crew just so he can save up for trade school. There's not much else I know about him other than the fact that with him there, there will be another person working on the line with Laydi and Sierra.
Olympus XA, Kodak Tri-X 400 @ 800, R09 /w Sodium ascorbate & Borax, Paterson 2 reel tank (400 ml)
Stand Development
-1:100
-pre-wash to set up developer
-30 sec initial agitation with 15 sec wine swirls every 30 min
-stop bath wash to set up fixer
-Photographer's Formulary TF-4
-1:3
30 sec agitation for 4 min
open lid and wash while setting up hanging rack
New port development at Fiumicino. This is probably part of a bigger scheme in which a cruise liner port will be built just to the south at the mouth of the Tiber.
Beaumaris was originally a Viking settlement known as Porth y Wygyr ("Port of the Vikings"), but the town itself began its development in 1295 when Edward I of England, having conquered Wales, commissioned the building of Beaumaris Castle as part of a chain of fortifications around the North Wales coast (others include Conwy, Caernarfon and Harlech).
The castle was built on a marsh and that is where it found its name: the French builders called it beaux marais which translates as "beautiful marsh".
The ancient village of Llanfaes, a mile to the north of Beaumaris, had been occupied by the Anglo Saxons in 818 but had been regained by Merfyn Frych, King of Gwynedd, and remained a vital strategic settlement. To counter further Welsh uprisings, and to ensure control of the Menai Strait, Edward I chose the flat coastal plain as the place to build Beaumaris Castle. It was a menacing finger pointing directly to Garth Celyn, the headquarters of the Prince of Wales prior to the Edwardian conquest of 1283, on the opposite shore. The castle was designed by the Savoyard mason Master James of St. George and is considered the most perfect example of a concentric castle. The 'troublesome' residents of Llanfaes were removed en bloc to Rhosyr in the west of Anglesey, a new settlement King Edward entitled "Newborough". French and English masons were brought in to construct the castle itself and the walled town.
Beaumaris was awarded a Royal Charter by Edward I, which was drawn up on similar terms as the charters of his other castle towns in North Wales and intended to invest only the English and Norman-French residents with civic rights. Native Welsh residents of Beaumaris were largely disqualified from holding any civic office, carrying any weapon, holding assemblies and were not allowed to purchase houses or land within the Borough. The Charter also specifically prohibited Jews (who had been largely expelled from most English towns) from living in Beaumaris. A requirement that all trade in the immediate area be conducted at Beaumaris meant the town became the main commercial centre of Anglesey.
Beaumaris became one of the three most important Saxon ports in the UK and the port of registration for all vessels in North West Wales covering not only every harbour on Anglesey but all the ports of North West Wales from Conwy to Pwllheli. Shipbuilding was a major industry in Beaumaris. This was centred on Gallows Point — a nearby spit of land extending into the Menai Strait about a mile west of the town. Gallows Point had originally been called "Osmund's Eyre" but was renamed when the town gallows were erected there — along with a "Dead House" for the corpses of criminals dispatched in public executions. Later, hangings were carried out at the town gaol and the bodies buried in a lime-pit within the curtilage of the gaol. One of the last prisoners to hang at Beaumaris issued a curse before he died - decreeing that if he was innocent the four faces of the church clock would never show the same time. Since that day - it's claimed - they never have.[citation needed]
Beaumaris in 1610.
Beaumaris Castle
Notable buildings in the town include the castle, a courthouse built in 1614, the fourteenth century St Mary's parish church, the town gaol, the 14th century Tudor Rose (one of the oldest original timber-framed buildings in Britain) and the Bulls Head Inn (built in 1472, which General Thomas Mytton made his headquarters during the "Siege of Beaumaris" during the second English Civil War in 1648). The hill leading north from the town "Red Hill" is so named from the blood spilled in that conflict.
A native of Anglesey, David Hughes, founded Beaumaris Grammar School in 1603. It became a non-selective school in 1952 when Anglesey County Council became the first authority in Britain to adopt comprehensive secondary education. The school was eventually moved to Menai Bridge and only the ancient hall of the original school building now remains.
Beaumaris Pier, opened in 1846, was designed by Frederick Foster and comprises a masonry jetty continuing out into the Strait on wooden and concrete pilings. The pier was re-built and extended to 570 feet after storm damage in 1872 and a large pavilion was constructed at the end which contained a cafe. It was once the landing stage for steamships of the Liverpool and North Wales Shipping Company including the Snowdon, La Marguerite, St. Elvies and St. Trillo, although the larger vessels in its fleet - the St. Seriol and St. Tudno — were too large for the pier and landed their passengers at Menai Bridge. In the 1960s, through lack of maintenance, the pier became unsafe and was threatened with demolition, but local yachtswoman and lifeboat secretary Miss Mary Burton made a massive private donation to ensure the pier was saved for the town. Today, although the impressive old steamers have long since gone, Beaumaris Pier is still a busy base for yachts and pleasure vessels of all kinds.
A marina on the western shore of Gallows Point has been proposed, but at present all moorings at Beaumaris are tidal.
The Saunders Roe company set up a factory at Fryars (the site of the old Franciscan friary to the east) when it was feared that the company's main base on the Isle of Wight would be a target for World War II Luftwaffe bombers. The factory converted American-built PBY Catalina flying boats and, after the war, produced fast patrol boats, minesweepers and even buses for London Transport (RT Double deckers) and single deck buses for Cuba.
I added a small scenic board alongside the narrow (one foot) hill baseboard. A block of four large terraced houses (the Kingsway TERBF kit) just fits on this. It acts as a background for photos taken at Trinity Square terminus and also as a 'blocker' in order to suggest new vistas.
The side elevation of the houses provides a means of blocking the view 'into reality' above the bill poster boards. This makes photography at the Trinity Square terminus more pleasing.
April 16, 2016 - WASHINGTON DC., 2016 World Bank / IMF Spring Meetings. Development Committee. United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon; World Bank Vice President and Corporate Secretary Yvonne Tsikata; Minster of Finance of Indonesia and Chairman of the Development Committee Bambang Brodjonegoro; World Bank Group President Jim Yong Kim; Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund Christine Lagarde. Photo: Grant Ellis / Word Bank
Photo ID: 041616-DEV COM-361_F
Director General of Revenue of Somalia Jafar Mohamed Ahmed, Director General of Somalia National Bureau of Statistics Sharmarke Farah, Senior Economist Vincent de Paul Koukpaizan, and Deputy Division Chief of the IMF Statistics Department Zaijin Zhan participate in a Capacity Development Talk titled Building Capacity in Fragile States moderated by Noha El-Gebaly at the International Monetary Fund.
IMF Photo/Cory Hancock
12 April 2022
Washington, DC, United States
Photo ref: CH220412060.arw
This aircraft spent a long time in the development stage. It was Grumman’s first successful venture into the area of twin-engine fighters A previously designed F5F, a rather strange looking aircraft with two radial engines mounted on the wings that, in turn, were located at the nose of the fuselage, fell short of success. The F7F, in contrast, was a very fine aircraft. Unfortunately, it entered Navy service too late to have made a major impact during World War II.
The Navy ordered the F7F in June 1941, the same time it ordered the F6F Wildcat. The specifications called for two engines producing in excess of 4,000 horsepower total, and firepower at least double that of the F4F Wildcat. Such a radical departure in design presented many problems for Grumman.
Originally, it was designed as a fighter-bomber, but once in the development stage, requirements were changed to produce many of the aircraft as night fighters. This was accomplished with the addition of airborne radar in the long nose. Operation of this equipment was the duty of a radar operator, whose station was located in the second seat. In those early years of airborne intercept, the equipment was very bulky and very heavy. This required a large, heavy, maneuverable aircraft with powerful engines. The Tigercat was well suited to fill this order.
While they were designed as carrier-borne fighters, it appeared that the only proposed 45,000 ton Midway class “supercarriers” would be able to operate them. Most of the F7Fs were allocated to the Marine Corps to be flown from island bases in the Pacific. The first of these aircraft arrived in Okinawa very shortly before the Japanese surrender and were modified to photo reconnaissance aircraft.
The Tigercat truly was a radical departure from all Grumman fighters. Not only was it a very large, twin-engine aircraft but, for the first time, a Navy fighter was designed with a tricycle landing gear. With its two large engines nacelles, the F7F is particularly suited to the arrangement. The main gear simply retracts into those large nacelles. All ground operations aare considerably simplified with this type of gear.
The first flight of the prototype was on 3 November 1943, almost 2 and ½ years after order placement. First delivery was on October 1944—again, a very long time span for those days of urgency. It is obvious that the radical departure in design was detrimental to its development.
This aircraft went through several major changes. Originally, it was to be a land-based, single seat fighter-bomber. As the need for fleet protection at night became critical, the demand for a night fighter increased dramatically. The F7F was the ideal aircraft for such a purpose. In this role, it would serve in much the same capacity as its Army Air Force relative, the Northrup P-61 Black Widow—primarily that of radar interception of night intruders. While unconfirmed at this writing, there were some reports that two squadrons of Marine F7Fs were active on Okinawa when hostilities ceased.
Final delivery of these aircraft was in December 1946. Approximately 240 had been built. The Tigercat did see combat duty during the Korean War as a night fighter—a role if filled very well. In the fall of 1956, F7Fs were still being flown by Marines stationed at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba.
After being stricken from Navy records, many of these aircraft saw service as fire bombers.
Operational Information:
Demanding Navy specifications caused many delays in the development and eventual acceptance of the F7F. Consequently, it was unable to take its rightful place in World War II. A very fast aircraft, it was particularly effective as a night fighter during the Korean War and played a very important role in the post-war era with the Marines in the Pacific, and in places such as Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. With its tremendous power and load-carrying capacity, it was a favorite of the fire bombers who flew these very dangerous peacetime missions.
Specifications and Performance:
•Crew: 2
•Length: 45 ft 4 in (13.82 m)
•Wingspan: 51 ft 6 in (15.70 m)
•Height: 16 ft 7 in (5.05 m)
•Wing area: 455 sq ft (42.3 m)
•Airfoil: root: NACA 23015; tip: NACA 23012
•Empty weight: 16,270 lb (7,380 kg)
•Max takeoff weight: 25,720 lb (11,666 kg)
•Powerplant: 2 × Pratt & Whitney R-2800-34W Double Wasp 18-cylinder air-cooled radial piston engines, 2,100 hp (1,600 kW) each
•Propellers: 3-bladed constant-speed fully-feathering propellers
Performance
•Maximum speed: 460 mph (740 km/h, 400 kn)
•Range: 1,200 mi (1,900 km, 1,000 nmi)
•Service ceiling: 40,400 ft (12,300 m)
•Rate of climb: 4,530 ft/min (23.0 m/s)
Armament
•Guns: ** 4 × 20 mm (0.79 in) AN/M3 cannon (200 rpg, wing roots)
•4 × 0.50 in (12.7 mm) M2 Browning machine gun (400 rpg, in nose) (normal fighter versions only; replaced by radar unit in the -3N nightfighter)
•Bombs: ** 2 × 1,000 lb (454 kg) bombs or
•8 × 127mm unguided rockets under wings and
•1 × 150 gallon fuel or napalm tank under fuselage or
•1 × torpedo under fuselage (day fighter only)
History F7F “King of the Cats” at Palm Springs Air Museum:
Bureau Number 80412 was one of 189 F7F-3s built with improved armor, an 80 gallon auxiliary tank replacing the second seat and a larger vertical fin and rudder. It was delivered to the U.S. Navy on 28 April 1945 and assigned to the Marine Fleet Air Wing.
On 23 July 1945, it was assigned to Marine Corps Air Station (MCAS) El Toro, California. In September 1945 it was transferred to Naval Air Station (NAS) Alameda, California and placed in storage. After overhaul at MCAS El Toro, it was placed in storage at Litchfield Park, Arizona in early 1950.
On 13 October 1950 80412 was taken out of storage, overhauled, and sent to MCAS Cherry Point, North Carolina, arriving on 2 January 1951.
In May 1952 it was transferred to NAS Roosevelt Roads, Puerto Rico for a brief time, returning to Cherry Point for the remainder of its active Navy life. On 16 October 1953 it was flown to Litchfield Park, Arizona and on 28 July 1956, was stricken from Navy records.
In 1958 it was one of five F7Fs purchased from USN at a cost of $1,200 each and converted into fire bombers and on 21 March 1958, it was sold to Collins Air Service, Anchorage, Alaska and registered at N-7628C. On 8 August 1960 it was sold to Cat Nat Airways, Grass Valley, California where it was used actively as a fire bomber.
In July 1966 it was involved in a belly landing at Ukiah, California and for the next three years was used as a parts source for Cal Nat. In 1969 it was sold to Sis Q Flying Service, Santa Rosa, California as a parts source and in 1972, the wreck was stored. On 16 December 1985 it was sold to Kermit Weeks and stored and dismantled at Borrego Springs, California.
After passing through hands, it was purchased by Robert Pond, the parts to be sent to Fighter Rebuilders at Chino, California for restoration. On July 8, 1991 the FAA reinstated the registration of N-7628C and it became a part of the Planes of Fame East Museum in Minnesota.
During the summer of 1996 it was ferried to Palm Springs Airport, California, where it was to become part of the Palm Springs Air Museum. It played a very important part in the museum’s spectacular opening day flight demonstrations.
Today Grumman F7F “King of the Cats” is proudly on display in the museum’ Pacific Hangar.
2013 World Bank Group / Fund Annual Meetings. 2013 Development Committee. Photos By: Eugene Salazar / World Bank
Photo ID: 101213_AM_DEVCOM_048_F
Original Caption: New housing development arises near one of the few remaining farm fields in fast growing Orange County. Some 84 percent of the state's residents live within 30 miles of the coast resulting in increased land use pressure. Since November, 1972 regulatory commissions have been charged with determining development within 1,000 yards of the coast. The commissions must submit a report to the legislature by January, 1976, recommending a plan for future coastal development, May 1975
U.S. National Archives’ Local Identifier: 412-DA-15027
Photographer: O'Rear, Charles, 1941-
Subjects:
Los Angeles (California)
Environmental Protection Agency
Project DOCUMERICA
Persistent URL: research.archives.gov/description/557479
Repository: Still Picture Records Section, Special Media Archives Services Division (NWCS-S), National Archives at College Park, 8601 Adelphi Road, College Park, MD, 20740-6001.
For information about ordering reproductions of photographs held by the Still Picture Unit, visit: www.archives.gov/research/order/still-pictures.html
Reproductions may be ordered via an independent vendor. NARA maintains a list of vendors at www.archives.gov/research/order/vendors-photos-maps-dc.html
Access Restrictions: Unrestricted
Use Restrictions: Unrestricted
Local self help groups, often run by grandmothers like Malati (pictured), supply nutritional food supplements to the community health centres.
Such initiatives increase employment and give a boost to the local economy, as well as providing vulnerable mums-to-be, babies and children across the state with vital nutrition.
In the last three years, the Odisha government has ensured nearly 50,000 more vulnerable children receive nutritional services.
Background
Britain is working with the Government of Odisha, one of India's poorest states, and UNICEF to save the lives of thousands of mums and babies.
Find out more at www.dfid.gov.uk/changinglives
Picture: Pippa Ranger/Department for International Development
Terms of use
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