My original idea was to capture a photo with all five of my Eugenia’s in it. As I started to look for fashions in red and pink hues, I suddenly had another inspiration. I decided to capture all of them getting ready for their dates for Valentine’s Day. Vivacite' Eugenia is the only one fully dressed, with the exception of choosing her shoes and jewelry for the evening but her makeup is applied and her dress is on. The only lady waiting for her turn at the vanity is Touch of Frost Eugenia, so she’s just relaxing on the chaise with the dog. Currently applying her makeup is Secret Garden Eugenia, while Le Tuxedo is admiring the roses that were just delivered for her as she ponders what she’ll wear. Also receiving her flowers already is Fashionista Eugenia, who is pulling her stockings on and has already selected what shoes she’ll be wearing. I wonder what the rest of the girls will select to wear for their special night out, all I do know is there are some lucky ladies or gentleman out there to have one of these lovely ladies on their arm.

Dates stuffed with almond butter. Enough said.

Old Phuket Town, Phuket City, Thailand

Old Phuket Town dates back to the tin mining days of a century ago, when Chinese immigrants sought to make their fortunes from this precious ore.

Local interest in the heritage of the old town came to a head in 1992, when the government passed the new Environment Act that designated Old Phuket as a conservation area, covering 8 roads – Dibuk, Thalang, Phangnga, Phuket, Rasada, Ranong, Yaowarat, and Krabi – and two lanes – Soi Romanee and Soi Soon Uthit. The act set limits on building work, and encouraged restoration and local participation in promoting this heritage area.

Sino-Portuguese style homes.

www.tatnews.org/emagazine/3469.asp

Saint Philip of Agira (also Aggira, Agirone, Agirya or Argira) was an early Christian confessor. There are two parallel stories of this saint which give to possible dates in which this saint lived. Traditionally, thorugh the writings of St. Athanasius, it is maintained that Philip of Agira is a saint of the 1st century, born in the year AD 40 in Cappadocia (modern Turkey) and died on the 12th of May, AD 103.Another recent study says to have been born of a Syrian father in Thrace on an unknown date in the 5th century whose elder brothers drowned whilst fishing. Philip was known as the "Apostle of the Sicilians", as he was the first Christian missionary to visit that island. Nothing else can be certainly stated about him.His feast day is May 12 and he is, naturally, patron saint of the city of Agira, Sicily and of the city of Ħaż-Żebbuġ, Malta. Philip is one of the patron saints of the United States Army Special Forces.

Filippo di Agira (Tracia, 396 circa – Agira, 12 maggio 453 circa) è stato un presbitero taumaturgo ed esorcista ed venerato come santo dalla Chiesa cattolica. Sulla sua identità e sulla sua vita vi è più di una versione.Secondo il monaco Eusebio, suo compagno ed agiografo, Filippo fu istruito fin da giovane nella fede cristiana ed imparò anche il siriaco. Trasferitosi a Roma con lo stesso Eusebio, ricevette l'ordinazione sacerdotale e l'incarico di recarsi in Sicilia per assistere nella fede la popolazione dell'isola.Giunse a Calatabiano, dove venne ben accolto dalla popolazione e ascoltato attentamente nella predica del vangelo. Lasciato Calatabiano proseguì per Agira dove continuò a predicare la parola di Cristo fino al giorno della sua morte.Stabilitosi nell'l'antica città di Agyrium (divenuta poi San Filippo di Agira ed oggi Agira in provincia di Enna), visse compiendo esorcismi e miracoli. Alla sua morte, sulla sua tomba fu eretta dapprima una chiesa e successivamente un monastero. La sua salma fu esumata ed esaminata nel 1625. Il suo culto è piuttosto diffuso nell'isola. Viene celebrato il 12 maggio

Calatabiano is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Catania in the Italian region Sicily, located about 170 km east of Palermo and about 35 km northeast of Catania. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 5,286 and an area of 26.3 km².The municipality of Calatabiano contains the frazione (subdivision) Pasteria.Calatabiano borders the following municipalities: Castiglione di Sicilia, Fiumefreddo di Sicilia, Giardini-Naxos, Linguaglossa, Piedimonte Etneo, Taormina.

After a lengthy renovation, Cruyllas Castle of Calatabiano (situated between the Alcantara Valley and Etna and not far from Taormina and Naxos) is ready to welcome its visitors thanks to its splendid panorama Between the walls of the castle is enclosed the entire history of the Mediterranean. A procession of populations and cultures who, battling for strategic control of the area by way of the stronghold, have all contributed to the development and enlargement during the course of the centuries: from the Sicels to the Greeks, from the Byzantines to the Arabs; from the Normans to the Suebi/Suevi, until the settlement of the Cruyllas, in the Aragon period, during which the castle was at its maximum splendor.

Calatabiano è un comune italiano di 5.458 abitanti della provincia di Catania,Si trova a 62 metri d'altitudine e a meno di 3 chilometri dal mare Ionio. Il suo territorio, delimitato a nord dal corso del fiume Alcantara, è costituito da una fertile e ottimamente irrigata piana alluvionale e dalle retrostanti colline. Dista 40 chilometri da Catania e 59 chilometri da Messina.La popolazione è concentrata per circa il 75% nel centro capoluogo, e per la restante parte nella frazione di Lapide Pasteria.Calatabiano è un comune del Parco fluviale dell'Alcantara.Il suo territorio si trova sulla direttrice orientale sicula dei collegamenti stradali e ferroviari. Sono inoltre agevoli i collegamenti con l’entroterra alcantarino. È servito da una stazione ferroviaria.La storia di Calatabiano è strettamente collegata a quella del suo castello che si erge su un'altura a 160 metri d'altitudine, all'imboccatura meridionale della Valle dell'Alcantara. Con tutta probabilità, stante l'importanza strategica e militare del sito, una fortezza doveva già essere presente in epoca greca e forse addirittura sicula. A tal proposito lo Schubring sostenne che i Siculi dovevano tenere un caposaldo all'imboccatura della valle, di fronte al monte Tauro, nominato come Castello di Bidio, ma tale ipotesi non è mai stata suffragata dai reperti archeologici rinvenuti, che hanno invece datazione posteriore al II secolo.Il castello, nella sua conformazione attuale, e con l'annesso borgo collinare cinto da mura merlate, venne fondato dagli Arabi, che proprio dal territorio di Calatabiano mossero nel 902 alla conquista di Taormina. Lo stesso toponimo del paese è di chiara origine araba, derivando da قلعة, kalaat (castello) e 'al Bîan, probabile nome proprio del signore locale.Sotto il dominio normanno, regnando Ruggero II, nel 1135 Calatabiano venne elevata a baronia. Tra i vari signori che si succedettero nel corso dei secoli, il periodo più fulgido nella storia di Calatabiano si ebbe con la signoria dei Cruyllas. Famiglia di origine catalana, i Cruyllas ottennero la baronia nel 1396 tenendola per circa un secolo, ingrandendo il castello ed edificando la Chiesa del Santissimo Crocifisso. Esauritasi la successione per linea maschile questa continuò per linea femminile con il passaggio della signoria prima ai Moncada e poi ai Gravina, principi di Palagonia.Nel 1544 si ebbe la venuta del pirata Dragut che, sbarcato sul lido di San Marco, espugnò e saccheggiò il borgo. Nel 1677, a seguito della rivolta anti-spagnola di Messina i francesi assediarono lungamente il castello, venendo respinti dai 150 difensori spagnoli e poi sopraffatti dai soverchianti rinforzi.Il borgo e il castello vennero completamente abbandonati a seguito del Terremoto del Val di Noto del 1693, che danneggiò gravemente l'abitato. La popolazione si reinsediò ai piedi della collina da dove da qualche decennio insisteva già un piccolo insediamento, primo nucleo della Calatabiano moderna, che progressivamente si espanse sulla pianura.Nel 1813 il Parlamento Siciliano decretò la fine del feudalesimo nell'isola, elevando nello stesso anno il territorio di Calatabiano a comune autonomo, con i confini che ha mantenuto fino ad oggi.

Font : Wikipedia

www.youtube.com/watch?v=c7QLdlvfEYo

www.castellodicalatabiano.it/

A young girl smiles after receiving a packet of dates from AMISOM's Woman & Children Protection Office, Kaoutar Kaddouri, during a distribution of dates to less fortunate families around Mogadishu by the AMISOM Gender Unit on 3rd July 2014. The dates were given to the Unit by the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates. AMISOM Photo / David Mutua

Mehrangarh Fort (Hindi: मेहरानगढ़ का किला) (Sindhi: مهراڻ ڳڙهه‎), located in Jodhpur, Rajasthan, is one of the largest forts in India. Built around 1460 by Rao Jodha, the fort is situated 125 m above the city and is enclosed by imposing thick walls. Inside its boundaries there are several palaces known for their intricate carvings and expansive courtyards. A winding road leads to and from the city below. The imprints of cannonball hits by attacking armies of Jaipur can still be seen on the second gate. To the left of the fort is the chhatri of Kirat Singh Soda, a soldier who fell on the spot defending the Mehrangarh fort.

There are seven gates, which include Jayapol (meaning 'victory'), built by Maharaja Man Singh to commemorate his victories over Jaipur and Bikaner armies. Fattehpol (also meaning 'victory') gate was built by Maharaja Ajit Singh to mark the defeat of the Mughals. The palm imprints upon these still attract much attention it is very proudes for rao rajputs.

Rao is brahmbhatt jagirdar clan of rao jodha. Rao is rajputs and in gujarat they calls "barot" and rao saheb.

The museum in the Mehrangarh fort is one of the most well-stocked museums in Rajasthan. In one section of the fort museum there is a selection of old royal palanquins, including the elaborate domed gilt Mahadol palanquin which was won in a battle from the Governor of Gujarat in 1730. The museum exhibits the heritage of the Rathores in arms, costumes, paintings and decorated period rooms.

HISTORY OF MEHRANGARH

Rao Jodha, the chief of the Rathore clan, is credited with the origin of Jodhpur in India. He founded Jodhpur in 1459 (Jodhpur was previously known as Marwar). He was one of Ranmal's 24 sons became the fifteenth Rathore ruler. One year after his accession to the throne, Jodha decided to move his capital to the safer location of Jodhpur, as the one thousand years old Mandore fort was no longer considered to provide sufficient security.

With the trusted aid of Rao Nara (son of Rao Samra), the Mewar forces were subdued at Mandore. With that, Rao Jodha gave Rao Nara the title of Diwan. With the help of Rao Nara, the foundation of the fort was laid on 1/ May 1459 by Jodha on a rocky hill 9 kilometres to the south of Mandore. This hill was known as Bhaurcheeria, the mountain of birds. According to legend to build the fort he had to displace the hill's sole human occupant, a hermit called Cheeria Nathji, the lord of birds. Upset at being forced to move Cheeria Nathji cursed Rao Jodha with "Jodha! May your citadel ever suffer a scarcity of water!". Rao Jodha managed to appease the hermit by building a house and a temple in the fort very near the cave the hermit had used for meditation, though only to the extent that even today the area is plagued by a drought every 3 to 4 years. Jodha then took an extreme measure to ensure that the new site proved propitious; he buried a man called "Raja Ram Meghwal" alive in the foundations. "Raja Ram Meghwal" was promised that in return his family would be looked after by the Rathores. To this day his descendants still live in Raj Bagh, "Raja Ram Meghwal's" Garden, an estate bequeathed them by Jodha.

Mehrangarh (etymology: 'Mihir' (Sanskrit) -sun or Sun-deity; 'garh' (Sanskrit)-fort; i.e.'Sun-fort'); according to Rajasthani language pronunciation conventions,'Mihirgarh' has changed to 'Mehrangarh'; the Sun-deity has been the chief deity of the Rathore dynasty. Though the fortress was originally started in 1459 by Rao Jodha, founder of Jodhpur, most of the fort which stands today dates from the period of Jaswant Singh of Marwar (1638–78). The fort is located at the centre of the city spreading over 5 kilometres on top of a high hill. Its walls, which are up to 36 metres high and 21 metres wide, protect some of the most beautiful and historic palaces in Rajasthan.

Entry to the fort is gained though a series of seven gates. The most famous of the gates are:

- Jai Pol ("Gate of Victory"), built by Maharaja Man Singh in 1806 to celebrate his victory in a war with Jaipur and Bikaner.

- Fateh Pol, built to celebrate a victory over the Mughals in 1707;

- Dedh Kamgra Pol, which still bears the scars of bombardment by cannonballs;

- Loha Pol, which is the final gate into the main part of the fort complex. Immediately to the left are the handprints (sati marks) of the ranis who in 1843 immolated themselves on the funeral pyre of their husband, Maharaja Man Singh.

Within the fort are several brilliantly crafted and decorated palaces. These include, Moti Mahal (Pearl Palace), Phool Mahal (Flower Palace), Sheesha Mahal (Mirror Palace), Sileh Khana and Daulat Khana. The museum houses a collection of palanquins, howdahs, royal cradles, miniatures, musical instruments, costumes and furniture. The ramparts of the fort house preserved old cannon (including the famous Kilkila), and provided a breath-taking view of the city.

GALLERIES IN MEHRANGARH MUSEUM

ELEPHANT´S HOWDAHS

The howdahs were a kind of two-compartment wooden seat (mostly covered with gold and silver embossed sheets), which were fastened onto the elephant's back. The front compartment, with more leg space and a raised protective metal sheet, was meant for kings or royalty, and the rear smaller one for a reliable bodyguard disguised as a fly-whisk attendant.

PALANQUINS

Palanquins were a popular means of travel and circumambulation for the ladies of the nobility up to the second quarter of the 20th century. They were also used by male nobility and royals on special occasions.

DAULAT KHANA - TREASURES OF MEHRANGARH MUSEUM

This gallery displays one of the most important and best preserved collections of fine and applied arts of the Mughal period of Indian history, during which the Rathore rulers of Jodhpur maintained close links with the Mughal emperors. It also has the remains of Emperor Akbar.

ARMOURY

This gallery displays a rare collection of armour from every period in Jodhpur. On display are sword hilts in jade, silver, rhino horn, ivory, shields studded with rubies, emeralds and pearls and guns with gold and silver work on the barrels. The gallery also has on display the personal swords of many emperors, among them outstanding historical piece like the Khaanda of Rao Jodha, weighing over 3 kg, the sword of Akbar the Great and the sword of Timur.

PAINTINGS

This Gallery displays colours of Marwar-Jodhpur, the finest example of Marwar paintings.

THE TURBAN GALLERY

The Turban Gallery in the Mehrangarh Museum seeks to preserve, document and display the many different types of turbans once prevalent in Rajasthan; every community, region and festival having had its own head-gear.

TOURIST ATTRACTIONS IN MEHRANGARH

NATIONAL GEOLOGICAL MONUMENT

The Jodhpur Group - Malani Igneous Suite Contact on which the Mehrangarh Fort has been built has been declared a National Geological Monument by the Geological Survey of India to encourage Geotourism in the country. This unique geological feature is part of the Malani Igenus Suite seen in the Thar desert region, spread over an area of 43,500 km2. This unique geological feature represents the last phase of igneous activity of Precambrian age in the Indian Subcontinent.

THE CHAMUNDA MATAJI TEMPLE

The Chamunda Mataji was Rao Jodha's favorite goddess, he brought her idol from the old capital of Mandore in 1460 and installed her in Mehrangarh (Maa Chamunda was the kul devi of Parihar rulers of Mandore). She remains the Maharaja's and the Royal Family's Isht Devi or adopted goddess and is worshipped by most of Jodhpur's citizens as well. Crowds throng Mehrangarh during the Dussehra celebrations.

2008 STAMPEDE

A human stampede occurred on 30 September 2008, at the Chamunda Devi temple inside of the Mehrangarh Fort, in which 249 people were killed and more than 400 injured.

CULTURE

The fort has musicians performing folk music at the entrance and houses museum, restaurants, exhibitions, and craft bazaars. The fort was one of the filming locations for the 2012 movie The Dark Knight Rises. Principal photography commenced on 6 May 2011.

In 2015, the fort was used to record a collaborative album by musicians including Israeli composer Shye Ben Tzur, English composer and Radiohead guitarist Jonny Greenwood, and Radiohead producer Nigel Godrich. The recording was the subject of a documentary, Junun, by the American directory Paul Thomas Anderson.

WIKIPEDIA

Collaboration beetween Biennalist and Ultracontemporay

Art Format

www.emergencyrooms.org/formats.html

Documenta From Wikipedia,

The Fridericianum during documenta (13)

documenta is an exhibition of contemporary art which takes place every five years in Kassel, Germany. It was founded by artist, teacher and curator Arnold Bode in 1955 as part of the Bundesgartenschau (Federal Horticultural Show) which took place in Kassel at that time.[1] It was an attempt to bring Germany up to speed with modern art, both banishing and repressing the cultural darkness of Nazism.[2] This first documenta featured many artists who are generally considered to have had a significant influence on modern art (such as Picasso and Kandinsky). The more recent documentas feature art from all continents; nonetheless most of it is site-specific.

Every documenta is limited to 100 days of exhibition, which is why it is often referred to as the "museum of 100 days".[3] Documenta is not a selling exhibition. It rarely coincides with the three other major art world events: the Venice Biennale, Art Basel and Skulptur Projekte Münster, but in 2017, all four were open simultaneously.

Etymology of documenta

The name of the exhibition is an invented word. The term is supposed to demonstrate the intention of every exhibition (in particular of the first documenta in 1955) to be a documentation of modern art which was not available for the German public during the Nazi era. Rumour spread from those close to Arnold Bode that it was relevant for the coinage of the term that the Latin word documentum could be separated into docere (Latin for teach) and mens (Latin for intellect) and therefore thought it to be a good word to describe the intention and the demand of the documenta.[4]

Each edition of documenta has commissioned its own visual identity, most of which have conformed to the typographic style of solely using lowercase letters, which originated at the Bauhaus.[5]

History

Stadtverwaldung by Joseph Beuys, oaktree in front of the museum Fridericianum, documenta 7

Art professor and designer Arnold Bode from Kassel was the initiator of the first documenta. Originally planned as a secondary event to accompany the Bundesgartenschau, this attracted more than 130,000 visitors in 1955. The exhibition centred less on "contemporary art“, that is art made after 1945: instead, Bode wanted to show the public works which had been known as "Entartete Kunst" in Germany during the Nazi era: Fauvism, Expressionism, Cubism, Blauer Reiter, Futurism and Pittura Metafisica. Therefore, abstract art, in particular the abstract paintings of the 1920s and 1930s, was the focus of interest in this exhibition.

Over time, the focus shifted to contemporary art. At first, the show was limited to works from Europe, but soon covered works by artists from the Americas, Africa and Asia. 4. documenta, the first ever to turn a profit, featured a selection of Pop Art, Minimal Art, and Kinetic Art.[6] Adopting the theme of Questioning Reality – Pictorial Worlds Today, the 1972 documenta radically redefined what could be considered art by featuring minimal and conceptual art, marking a turning point in the public acceptance of those styles.[7] Also, it devoted a large section to the work of Adolf Wolfli, the great Swiss outsider, then unknown. Joseph Beuys performed repeatedly under the auspices of his utopian Organization for Direct Democracy.[8] Additionally, the 1987 documenta show signaled another important shift with the elevation of design to the realm of art – showing an openness to postmodern design.[9] Certain key political dates for wide-reaching social and cultural upheavals, such as 1945, 1968 or 1976/77, became chronological markers of documenta X (1997), along which art's political, social, cultural and aesthetic exploratory functions were traced.[10] Documenta11 was organized around themes like migration, urbanization and the post-colonial experience,[11] with documentary photography, film and video as well as works from far-flung locales holding the spotlight.[7] In 2012, documenta (13) was described as "[a]rdently feminist, global and multimedia in approach and including works by dead artists and selected bits of ancient art".[12]

Criticism

documenta typically gives its artists at least two years to conceive and produce their projects, so the works are often elaborate and intellectually complex.[13] However, the participants are often not publicised before the very opening of the exhibition. At documenta (13), the official list of artists was not released until the day the show opened.[14] Even though curators have often claimed to have gone outside the art market in their selection, participants have always included established artists. In the documenta (13), for example, art critic Jerry Saltz identified more than a third of the artists represented by the renowned Marian Goodman Gallery in the show.[14]

Directors

The first four documentas, organized by Arnold Bode, established the exhibition's international credentials. Since the fifth documenta (1972), a new artistic director has been named for each documenta exhibition by a committee of experts. Documenta 8 was put together in two years instead of the usual five. The original directors, Edy de Wilde and Harald Szeemann, were unable to get along and stepped down. They were replaced by Manfred Schneckenburger, Edward F. Fry, Wulf Herzogenrath, Armin Zweite, and Vittorio Fagone.[15] Coosje van Bruggen helped select artists for documenta 7, the 1982 edition. documenta IX's team of curators consisted of Jan Hoet, Piero Luigi Tazzi, Denys Zacharopoulos, and Bart de Baere.[16] For documenta X Catherine David was chosen as the first woman and the first non-German speaker to hold the post. It is also the first and unique time that its website Documenta x was conceived by a curator (swiss curator Simon Lamunière) as a part of the exhibition. The first non-European director was Okwui Enwezor for Documenta11.[17]

TitleDateDirectorExhibitorsExhibitsVisitors

documenta16 July – 18 September 1955Arnold Bode148670130,000

II. documenta11 July – 11 October 1959Arnold Bode, Werner Haftmann3381770134,000

documenta III27 June – 5 October 1964Arnold Bode, Werner Haftmann3611450200,000

4. documenta27 June – 6 October 196824-strong documenta council1511000220,000

documenta 530 June – 8 October 1972Harald Szeemann218820228,621

documenta 624 June – 2 October 1977Manfred Schneckenburger6222700343,410

documenta 719 June – 28 September 1982Rudi Fuchs1821000378,691

documenta 812 June – 20 September 1987Manfred Schneckenburger150600474,417

documenta IX12 June – 20 September 1992Jan Hoet1891000603,456

documenta X21 June – 28 September 1997Catherine David120700628,776

documenta118 June – 15 September 2002Okwui Enwezor118450650,924

documenta 1216 June – 23 September 2007Roger M. Buergel/Ruth Noack[19]114over 500754,301

documenta (13)9 June – 16 September 2012Carolyn Christov-Bakargiev187[20]904,992[21]

documenta 148 April – 16 July 2017 in Athens, Greece;

10 June – 17 September 2017 in KasselAdam Szymczykmore than 1601500339.000 in Athens

891.500 in Kassel

documenta fifteen18 June 2022 – 25 September 2022 in Kasselruangrupa[22]

2012's edition was organized around a central node, the trans-Atlantic melding of two distinct individuals who first encountered each other in the "money-soaked deserts of the United Arab Emirates". As an organizing principle it is simultaneously a commentary on the romantic potentials of globalization and also a critique of how digital platforms can complicate or interrogate the nature of such relationships. Curatorial agents refer to the concept as possessing a "fricative potential for productive awkwardness," wherein a twosome is formed for the purposes of future exploration.[23]

Venues

documenta is held in different venues in Kassel. Since 1955, the fixed venue has been the Fridericianum. The documenta-Halle was built in 1992 for documenta IX and now houses some of the exhibitions. Other venues used for documenta have included the Karlsaue park, Schloss Wilhelmshöhe, the Neue Galerie, the Ottoneum, and the Kulturzentrum Schlachthof. Though Okwui Enezor notably tried to subvert the euro-centric approach documenta had taken, he instigated a series of five platforms before the Documenta11 in Vienna, Berlin, New Delhi, St Lucia, and Lagos, in an attempt to take documenta into a new post-colonial, borderless space, from which experimental cultures could emerge. documenta 12 occupied five locations, including the Fridericianum, the Wilhelmshöhe castle park and the specially constructed "Aue-Pavillon", or meadow pavilion, designed by French firm Lacaton et Vassal.[24] At documenta (13) (2012), about a fifth of the works were unveiled in places like Kabul, Afghanistan, and Banff, Canada.[13]

There are also a number of works that are usually presented outside, most notably in Friedrichsplatz, in front of the Fridericianum, and the Karlsaue park. To handle the number of artworks at documenta IX, five connected temporary "trailers" in glass and corrugated metal were built in the Karlsaue.[25] For documenta (13), French architects Anne Lacaton and Jean-Philippe Vassal constructed the temporary "Aue-Pavillon" in the park.

Rahmenbau (1977) by Haus Rucker und Co.

A few of the works exhibited at various documentas remained as purchases in Kassel museums. They include 7000 Eichen by Joseph Beuys; Rahmenbau (1977) by Haus-Rucker-Co; Laserscape Kassel (1977) by Horst H. Baumann; Traumschiff Tante Olga (1977) by Anatol Herzfeld; Vertikaler Erdkilometer by Walter De Maria; Spitzhacke (1982) by Claes Oldenburg; Man walking to the sky (1992) by Jonathan Borofsky; and Fremde by Thomas Schütte (one part of the sculptures are installed on Rotes Palais at Friedrichsplatz, the other on the roof of the Concert Hall in Lübeck).

documenta archive

The extensive volume of material that is regularly generated on the occasion of this exhibition prompted Arnold Bode to create an archive in 1961. The heart of the archive’s collection comes from the files and materials of the documenta organization. A continually expanding video and image archive is also part of the collection as are the independently organized bequests of Arnold Bode and artist Harry Kramer.

Management

Visitors

In 1992, on the occasion of documenta IX, for the first time in the history of the documenta, more than half a million people traveled to Kassel.[26] The 2002 edition of documenta attracted 650,000 visitors, more than triple Kassel's population.[27] In 2007, documenta 12 drew 754,000 paying visitors, with more than one-third of the visitors coming from abroad and guests from neighboring Netherlands, France, Belgium and Austria among the most numerous.[28] In 2012, documenta (13) had 904,992 visitors.[21]

References

Adrian Searle (June 11, 2012), "Documenta 13: Mysteries in the mountain of mud", The Guardian.

Roberta Smith (June 14, 2012), Art Show as Unruly Organism The New York Times.

Arnold Bode coined this phrase for the first time in the prologue of the first volume of the catalogue: documenta III. Internationale Ausstellung; Catalogue: Volume 1: Painting and Sculpture; Volume 2: Sketches; Volume 3: Industrial Design, Print; Kassel/Köln 1964; p. XIX

Kimpel, Harald: documenta, Mythos und Wirklichkeit. Köln 1997, ISBN 3-7701-4182-2

Alice Rawsthorn (June 3, 2012), A Symbol Is Born The New York Times.

The documenta IV Exhibition in Kassel (1968) German History in Documents and Images (GHDI).

Helen Chang (June 22, 2007), "Catching the Next Wave In Art at Documenta", The Wall Street Journal.

Roberta Smith (September 7, 2007), "Documenta 5" The New York Times.

Gimeno-Martinez, Javier; Verlinden, Jasmijn (2010). "From Museum of Decorative Arts to Design Museum: The Case of the Design museum Gent". Design and Culture. 2 (3).

dX 1997 Archived 2013-06-14 at the Wayback Machine, documenta XII.

Stephan Valentin (June 12, 2007), An art show in Kassel, Germany, rivals Venice Biennale The New York Times.

Roberta Smith (June 14, 2012), Art Show as Unruly Organism The New York Times.

Kelly Crow (June 8, 2012), A Party, Every Five Years, for 750,000 Guests The Wall Street Journal.

Jerry Saltz (June 15, 2012), Jerry Saltz: "Eleven Things That Struck, Irked, or Awed Me at Documenta 13" New York Magazine.

Michael Brenson (June 15, 1987), "Documenta 8, Exhibition In West Germany", The New York Times.

Michael Kimmelman (July 5, 1992) "At Documenta, It's Survival Of the Loudest", The New York Times.

Jackie Wullschlager (May 19, 2012) Vertiginous doubt Financial Times.

Julia Halperin, Gareth Harris (July 18, 2014) How much are curators really paid? Archived July 20, 2014, at the Wayback Machine The Art Newspaper.

Holland Cotter (22 June 2007). "Asking Serious Questions in a Very Quiet Voice". The New York Times. Retrieved 2014-08-29.

Ulrike Knöfel (8 June 2012). "What the 13th Documenta Wants You to See". Der Spiegel.

"904,992 people visit documenta (13) in Kassel". documenta und Museum Fridericianum Veranstaltungs-GmbH. 16 September 2012. Archived from the original on 25 February 2014. Retrieved 8 August 2013.

Russeth, Andrew (2019-02-22). "Ruangrupa Artist Collective Picked to Curate Documenta 15". ARTnews.com. Retrieved 2020-01-05.

"In Germany, Disguising Documentary As Art". The Huffington Post. Retrieved 2015-09-28.

Stephan Valentin (June 12, 2007), An art show in Kassel, Germany, rivals Venice Biennale International Herald Tribune.

Roberta Smith (June 22, 1992), A Small Show Within an Enormous One The New York Times.

d9 1992 Archived 2014-02-22 at the Wayback Machine, documenta XII.

Adrian Searle (June 19, 2007), 100 days of ineptitude The Guardian.

Catherine Hickley (September 24, 2007), "Documenta Contemporary Art Show Draws Record 754,000 to Kassel", Bloomberg.

Carly Berwick (May 17, 2007), "Documenta 'Mystery' Artists Are Revealed; Buzz Strategy Fizzles", Bloomberg.

Rachel Donado (April 5, 2017), German Art Exhibition Documenta Expands Into Athens, The New York Times.

Catherine Hickley (November 27, 2017), Documenta manager to leave post after budget overruns The Art Newspaper.

Further reading

Hickley, Catherine (2021-06-18). "This Show Sets the Direction of Art. Its Past Mirrored a Changing World". The New York Times.

Nancy Marmer, "Documenta 8: The Social Dimension?" Art in America, vol. 75, September 1987, pp. 128–138, 197–199.

other biennales :

Venice Biennial , Documenta Havana Biennial,Istanbul Biennial ( Istanbuli),Biennale de Lyon ,Dak'Art Berlin Biennial,Mercosul Visual Arts Biennial ,Bienal do Mercosul Porto Alegre.,Berlin Biennial ,Echigo-Tsumari Triennial .Yokohama Triennial Aichi Triennale,manifesta ,Copenhagen Biennale,Aichi Triennale

Yokohama Triennial,Echigo-Tsumari Triennial.Sharjah Biennial ,Biennale of Sydney, Liverpool , São Paulo Biennial ; Athens Biennale , Bienal do Mercosul ,Göteborg International Biennial for Contemporary Art

www.emergencyrooms.org

www.emergencyrooms.org

www.colonel.dk/

lumbung

Short concept by ruangrupa for documenta 15

"We want to create a globally oriented, cooperative, interdisciplinary art and culture platform that will remain effective beyond the 100 days of documenta fifteen. Our curatorial approach aims at a different kind of collaborative model of resource use—economically, but also in terms of ideas, knowledge, programs, and innovation."

ruangrupa’s central curatorial approach for documenta fifteen is based on the principles of collectivity, resource building, and equal sharing. They aim to appeal not just to an art audience but to a variety of communities, and to promote local commitment and participation. Their approach is based on an international network of local, community-based organizations from the art and other cultural contexts and can be outlined by the Indonesian term lumbung. lumbung, directly translatable as “rice barn,” is a collective pot or accumulation system used in rural areas of Indonesia, where crops produced by a community are stored as a future shared common resource and distributed according to jointly determind criteria. Using lumbung as a model, documenta fifteen is a collective resource pot, operating under the logics of the commons. It is an agglomeration of ideas, stories, (wo)manpower, time, and other shareable resources. At the center of lumbung is the imagination and the building of these collective, shared resources into new models of sustainable ideas and cultural practices. This will be fostered by residencies, assemblies, public activities, and the development of tools.

Interdisciplinarity is key in this process. It is where art meets activism, management, and networking to gather support, understand environments, and identify local resources. These elements then create actions and spaces, intertwine social relations and transactions; they slowly grow and organically find a public form. This is a strategy “to live in and with society.” It imagines the relations an art institution has with its community by being an active constituent of it. Strategies are then developed based on proximity and shared desires.

The main principles of the process are:

• Providing space to gather and explore ideas

• Collective decision making

• Non-centralization

• Playing between formalities and informalities

• Practicing assembly and meeting points

• Architectural awareness

• Being spatially active to promote conversation

• A melting pot for and from everyone’s thoughts, energies, and ideas

#documentakassel

#documenta

#documenta15

#artformat

#formatart

#rundebate

#thierrygeoffroy

#Colonel

#CriticalRun

#venicebiennale

#documentafifteen

#formatart

#documentacritic

#biennalist

#ultracontemporary art

protestart

Volunteer: Nemesia & Jo Lynch - Volunteer Dates: Oct 02 - Nov 10, 2013 - Location: La Serena Chile Project: Orphanage Support

www.abroaderview.org/feedbacks/chile/395-nemesia-jo-lynch...

Our favorite memories...

Nemesia: There is many to choose from but my favorite memory from working at the home was our last day when we gave the Tias we had been working with cards that we had translated what we wanted to say into Spanish. The Tia I worked with actually cried as I was finally able to tell her I admired her and that she made me proud of my Chilean heritage.

My favorite part of staying in our accommodation was being escorted by the two dogs that lived down the road every morning to the bus stop. Everywhere we went in La Serena, including the shopping centres, we had a dog follow or escort us there! It was great company.

Jo: I became very close to one particular baby girl who I was told, was very unsettled around men before I came. We bought her a little present when we left and despite being sick she was still really excited when we handed it to her, waving her arms around and squealing.

We were surprised that:

Nemesia: Before we came to La Serena we were in Cusco Perú which has a huge tourism industry and it's not to hard to find someone who speaks English there. I was surprised that almost no one spoke English in La Serena. It was actually very helpful because it forced me to work harder on my Spanish.

Jo: I was surprised that the home was as well organized and clean as it was; despite the little funding they receive.

The most difficult thing we experienced was:

Nemesia: It can be very hard working with children and not getting emotionally attached to them and wishing you could do more for them. I just had to keep reminding myself of the fantastic work the Tias do and that they genuinely love and care for each and every child with the little they have.

Jo: Language barrier!

Our best received lessons:

Nemesia: Each day I would learn a little more about taking care of children from 10 days to 18 months old from watching the Tias; from changing nappies to feeding and burping. I am definitely a pro now at getting babies to sleep! (which I am sure will help in the future)

I also learnt a lot of Chilean slang by just listening to the conversations around me which put a lot of words that my Chilean family say into context for me which was a really fun experience. The Tias have such great senses of humour; they made learning Spanish funny.

Jo: Feeding a one year old without making a mess! Very challenging!

Tips for future volunteers:

Nemesia: Be prepared to get sick! The children are constantly battling the flu as they no sooner get better and get it from another child in the home; so be prepared to get the flu for a couple days. There is a juice stand on the way to the orphanage, we tried to drink as much orange juice as we could to combat the flu.

The year 2024 marks a significant milestone in the journey of the international Cyprus Rally, which is being held for the 51th time this year. The history of this competition dates back to 1970, while the first international Cyprus Rally took place in 1971.

The Cyprus Rally is a rallying competition held yearly in Cyprus since 1970. The event is run by the Cyprus Automobile Association and is based in the city of Nicosia.

The Cyprus Rally is a rallying competition held yearly in Cyprus since 1970. The event is run by the Cyprus Automobile Association and is based in the city of Limassol .It is run on the winding roads of the nearby mountains of Troodos. It was part of the FIA's World Rally Championship (WRC) from 2000 to 2006. In 2007 and 2008 the event was part of the FIA Middle East Rally Championship. The Cyprus Rally rejoined the WRC in 2009, taking advantage of the new regulations to become the only mixed surface event.

Kota is in the Hadoti region of Rajasthan. It is located on the south-eastern side of the state. The Chambal river flows through the town, because of which the place is unlike the arid climate prevalent in the state.

HISTORY

The history of the city dates back to the 12th century A.D. when the Hada Chieftain, Rao Deva, conquered the territory and founded Bundi and Hadoti. Later, in the early 17th century AD during the reign of the Mughal Emperor Jahangir, the ruler of Bundi -Rao Ratan Singh, gave the smaller principality of Kota to his son, Madho Singh. Since then Kota became a hallmark of the Rajput gallantry and culture. The south eastern region of Rajasthan known as Hadoti comprises of Bundi, Baran, Jhalawar and Kota is a treasure of history dating back to several centuries. Prehistoric caves, paintings, formidable forts and the mighty chambal river hurtling from the Vindhyas are dotted in the region. When Jait Singh of Bundi defeated the Bhil Chieftain Koteya in a battle, he raised the first battlement or the 'Garh'(fort) over his severead head. The Independant state of Kota became a reality in 1631 when Rao Madho Singh, the second son of Rao Ratan of Bundi was made the ruler, by the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan. Soon Kota outgrew its parent state to become bigger in area, richer in revenue and more powerful. Maharao Bhim Singh played a pivotal role in Kota's history, having held a 'Mansab' of five thousand and being the first in his dynasty to have the title of Maharao.

Kota is situated on the banks of chambal river and is fastly emerging as an important industrial centre. It boasts of Asia's largest fertilizer plant (CFCL), precision instrument unit and atomic power station nearby. Surprisingly unexplored, the Kota region of Rajasthan has some splendid treasures for the tourist to take home memories of. Its impregnable fortresses, sprawling palaces, exquisitely wrought palaces and lovely waterways act as a magnificent foil to its exotic wildlife and delicate fresco Paintings.

Situated on the banks of the Chambal River,at an important juncture of the trade route between Delhi and Gujrat, Kota is Rajasthan's third Largest City with Polulation of 1,001,365. This Bustling, sprawling city is also called the industrial capital of the state. The tentacles of the modern world have the city in its grip with the Chambal Valley Project giving it a major position on the state's industrial map. Chemicals, fertilizers, synthetic fibres, tyrecord and sophisticated instruments, industry's mainstay, have helped in pushing this ancient city into the forefront of modernisation. Yet memories of its ancient links linger strongly. Present Day Kota owes its foundations to a Kotya Bhil warrior who 800 years ago built a small fortification at akelgarh and put up a protective mud-wall around it all the way to Retwali. In 1580, Rao Madho Singh strenghtened both the fortification and the wall. In time to come, Kota acquired the Hallmark of rajput power as well as culture.

CLIMATE

Kota has a mix of hot and pleasant climate. Summers start from March and last till June. The season is very hot with maximum temperature is between 32 °C to 45 °C. it is better to avoid the city at this time of the year. From July to September is the monsoon season. The city gets adequate rain during this season. The season is humid and temperate. Winters prevails from October to February. The season is very cool and the temperature ranges between 8 to 31 degrees Celsius. It is the best season to visit Kota.

SEE

- Garh Palace (in city) - This palace has one of the biggest fort complexes in the State of Rajasthan. City Fort Palace in Kota has rugged bastion and ramparts, which is adorned with delicate domes as well as balustrades. The Hathi Pol is this fort's beautiful entrance.

- Jag Mandir - Right in the center of the artificial Kishore Sagar tank stands the beautiful red sandstone monument, Jagmandir. Great architecture and location amidst waterplace which looks nice. The new 7 wonders park makes the visit more beautiful and amazing. The lighting at park and the concept adds beauty. Tank had a floating fountain screen with plays on Musical theme.

- Kota Barrage - A dam as part of the irrigation canal system on the river Chambal, this is a popular spot especially when the flood gates are let open to allow extra water to flow off.

- Maharao Madho SIngh Museum - Named after Kota's first ruler, the museum has a spell-binding collection of miniature paintings, armory and sculptures. The fresco paintings inside are fine and worthy to be visited. It remains closed on Fridays.

- Chambal Garden - This garden stretches along the banks of the river Chambal upsream of Kota Baraj. It houses a pond with rare gharial and crocodiles, which can be crossed via a teetering suspension bridge. It also has enclosures for birds, rabbits and such. Vast area has been covered to make it nice place for Picnic/family/friendship gathering etc. People can enjoy by playing some group games etc. Right next to it is the unique Yatayat(traffic) park. It is a theme park; with miniature flyovers, speedbreakers, tunnels, buildings and such all used to showcase traffic rules.

- Seven Wonder Park - This park houses the famous wonders of the world in miniature form. Situated in Ballabhbari, bordering Sarovar, Seven Wonders of the world are being raised in a single park in Kota. A single visit to this park will give you a glimpse of the Seven Wonders of the world at one place. Replicas of Seven Wonder in Kota (Rajasthan)1. Taj Mahal. 2. Great Pyramid of Giza 3. Brazil's Christ the Redeemer. 4. Eiffel Tower of Paris. 5. Leaning Tower of Pisa 6. New York's Statue of Liberty 7. Rome's Colosseum.

- Khade Ganesh Ji Temple - Its ganesh temple situated in the south part of the city. The thing make this place famous is that this sort of temple where GANESH is standing is nowhere else in India. you can also visit Rangbadi Balaji temple on the way.

- City Mall - Situated on Jhalawar Road (NH-12), It has many showrooms such as BIBA, Fahrenheit, Gini & Jonny, Lee, Levi's, Monte carlo, Pepe Jeans, Tantra, US Polo & Benetton. It had food court, Mc Donalds, Cafe Coffee Day, Baskin-Robbins, etc. for refreshment. It also had Fun Cinema (Zee Group) for entertainment.

- Karneshawar Temple - A Shiv Temple, situated on Jhalawar Road (NH-12).

- Godawari Dham - It is a Hanuman temple at few km from Chambal garden.

- Aalnia Dam (25 km) Beautiful rock paintings adorn the bank of the River Alaniya.

- Mukundara Tiger Reserve (40 Km) - Tigers will be relocated from Ranthambore reserve so as to provide optimum space to the big cats in future. It had a core area of 417 sq km and a buffer zone covering 342.82 sq km.

- Sawan Phuhar Waterpark - Being Hadoti's only waterpark ,this place is a good attraction for people from all age groups.Besides Housing 5 fibreglass sides ,a water playground & the city's Biggest Pool it also has a Fastfood bistro named 'RIPPLES

- Haryali Resort cum Restaurant - Its a resort with a Rajasthani setting.Being Kota's first Resort,it offers a diverse range of cuisines. Its Sizzlers are the best!!

- Garadia Mahadev Temple - One can see the Grand View of River Chambal. Situated on Dabi Road (NH-76) this site has an view of little wild. It had great scenic beauty . This site looks great in Monsoon . A good Picnic Spot.

- Kansua Temple - This is one of the most beautiful and oldest temple of Kota. Even Archeological Department has endorsed this site. It also had a small Pond. The temple of Lord Shiva is said to be build by Pandavas during their exile. Gardens are well maintained and the inner area of the temple is very well maintained.

- Mathuradheesh Mandir - This is one of the oldest Temple of Lord Krishna, know as Mathradish ji. Situated at Nandgram near Patanpole . This temple has same significance as Shriath Ji (Nathdwara).

Translated and designed by www.hebrew-tattoo.com

"Ely Cathedral is an Anglican cathedral in the city of Ely, Cambridgeshire, England.

The cathedral has its origins in AD 672 when St Etheldreda built an abbey church. The present building dates back to 1083, and cathedral status was granted it in 1109. Until the Reformation it was the Church of St Etheldreda and St Peter, at which point it was refounded as the Cathedral Church of the Holy and Undivided Trinity of Ely, continuing as the principal church of the Diocese of Ely, in Cambridgeshire. It is the seat of the Bishop of Ely and a suffragan bishop, the Bishop of Huntingdon. Architecturally it is outstanding both for its scale and stylistic details. Having been built in a monumental Romanesque style, the galilee porch, lady chapel and choir were rebuilt in an exuberant Decorated Gothic. Its most notable feature is the central octagonal tower, with lantern above, which provides a unique internal space and, along with the West Tower, dominates the surrounding landscape. Ely Cathedral is a major tourist destination, receiving around 250,000 visitors per year, and sustains a daily pattern of morning and evening services.

Ely is built on a 23-square-mile (60 km2) Kimmeridge Clay island which, at 85 feet (26 m), is the highest land in the Fens. Major rivers including the Witham, Welland, Nene and Great Ouse feed into the Fens and, until draining commenced in the 17th century, formed freshwater marshes and meres within which peat was laid down. There are two Sites of Special Scientific Interest in the city: a former Kimmeridge Clay quarry, and one of the United Kingdom's best remaining examples of medieval ridge and furrow agriculture.

The economy of the region is mainly agricultural. Before the Fens were drained, the harvesting of osier (willow) and sedge (rush) and the extraction of peat were important activities, as were eel fishing—from which the settlement's name may have been derived—and wildfowling. The city had been the centre of local pottery production for more than 700 years, including pottery known as Babylon ware. A Roman road, Akeman Street, passes through the city; the southern end is at Ermine Street near Wimpole and its northern end is at Brancaster. Little direct evidence of Roman occupation in Ely exists, although there are nearby Roman settlements such as those at Little Thetford and Stretham. A coach route, known to have existed in 1753 between Ely and Cambridge, was improved in 1769 as a turnpike (toll road). The present-day A10 closely follows this route; a southwestern bypass of the city was built in 1986. Ely railway station, built in 1845, is on the Fen Line and is now a railway hub, with lines north to King's Lynn, northwest to Peterborough, east to Norwich, southeast to Ipswich and south to Cambridge and London." - info from Wikipedia.

Summer 2019 I did a solo cycling tour across Europe through 12 countries over the course of 3 months. I began my adventure in Edinburgh, Scotland and finished in Florence, Italy cycling 8,816 km. During my trip I took 47,000 photos.

Now on Instagram.

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Key Events and Dates

The Chapel

653 AD

The arrival of St Cedd.

654

Cedd founded a Celtic style community at Othona, built his Cathedral of St Peters on the foundations of the Roman fort and was consecrated Bishop of Essex. In fact Cedd's Cathedral was built where the gatehouse of the fort had been - so it was built on the wall of the fort - hence the name - Saint Peter-on-the-Wall.

664

Cedd died of the plague at Lastingham in October. Soon after the death of Cedd, Essex was taken into the Diocese of London and St Peter's became a minster for the surrounding country.

1068

The Chapel became the property of the Benedictine monastery of St Valery on the Somme.

1391

The Chapel was sold to William of Wykeham.

1750

For many years it was used as a barn for the storage of grain and shelter of cattle.

1920

Restored for use as a Chapel.

The Early History

1300 years ago there were people working in Ireland and Scotland to spread the Christian faith. In Ireland, Patrick had established many monasteries and from there Columba had come to Iona, a tiny island off the west coast of Scotland, to establish a monastery and many other Christian centres.

From Columba's monastery, a man called Aidan was sent from Iona at the invitation of King Oswald of Northumbria to set up a monastery at Lindisfarne on the north-east coast. It was also to be a school where Anglo-Saxon boys could be trained to become priests and missionaries. It was in this school that Cedd and his brothers Caelin, Cynebil and Chad learnt to read and write in Latin, and learnt to teach the Christian faith.

The four brothers were all ordained as priests and two of them, Cedd and Chad, later became bishops. Cedd's first mission was to go to the midlands, then called Mercia, at the request of its ruler, King Paeda, who wanted his people to become Christians. Cedd was so successful that when King Sigbert of the East Saxons (Essex) asked for a similar mission, it was Cedd who was sent.

Toast round topped w/ guacamole and scrambled egg, with bacon wrapped, cheese-stuffed dates on the side.

OK, I now have a new "best breakfast I've ever made" winner. This was awesome! Totally random, of course, but very tasty.

Notes

Toast - cut out with one of those fluted shortbread cookie types of cutters (I have a nesting set)

Guacamole - simple guac made w/ avocado, garlic, lime juice, cilantro, salt (this particular variation of guac came from Rick Bayless' "Everyday Mexican" cookbook)

Scrambled egg - made with a sour cream and milk mixture (I got this idea from the sopranos, thanks to the headless man.... haha... get it?)

Dates - stuffed w/ slivers of parmesan (seemed like the most appropriate cheese, considering what I had on hand)

A friend asked "Who did you make this for?" Well, me, of course! That's right, I'm single, ladies.

205 custom save the dates. Gocco'd by me!

Left bowl: chopped salad (whatever I happened to have in my fridge - carrots, broccoli, cauliflower, chickpeas, tomato, bell pepper) over mesclun with champaigne honey mustard dressing

Right tier: cheese tortellini with chopped Italian chicken sausage and pasta sauce.

"Stuffed dates with ricotta, pistachios and honey" - a combination of ricotta, ground cardamom, honey and ground pistachio. I saw this recipe in last month's Clean Eating Magazine and I'm so glad I tried it!! It's absolutely fantastic, but for some reason they don't list it on their website.

www.asiasociety.org/events-calendar

Here's a different perspective of the Old Mill, the popular landmark located in North Little Rock, Arkansas. I decided to incorporate one of the concrete bridges in the foreground of the shot.

Here's some detailed information provided by the City of North Little Rock:

The Old Mill, located at Fairway Ave. & Lakeshore Drive in North Little Rock, is a historic re-creation of an 1880's water-powered grist mill. The mill was seen in the opening scenes of David Selznick's 1937 movie classic "Gone With The Wind", and is believed to be the only remaining structure from the film. Admission to The Old Mill is free, and the hours of operation are from sunrise to sunset.

The Old Mill, also known as Pugh's Mill, was built in 1933 by Justin Matthews as a replica of an old-water-powered grist mill. The mill was designed to appear as if it belonged in Arkansas and had been here since the 1800s. It is made largely from tinted concrete work over steel and copper rods made to represent wood, iron or stone, and features sculptures by Mexican artist Senor Dionicio Rodriguez.

The Old Mill was nationally recognized in 1986 by being placed on the National Register of Historic Places. It was also presented with the Greater Little Rock Historic Preservation Award by the Quapaw Quarter Association.

The grist mill on the first floor dates back to 1828, and some mill rocks on the second floor came from the plantation of Tom Knoble, the grandfather of Tom Pugh, in whose honor the Mill is dedicated. There are also two original milestones from a road laid out more than 150 years ago by Jefferson Davis. Along this road, the Cherokee and Choctaw Indians traveled from the present town of Dardanelle into the Indian territory, now Oklahoma. In addition three sections of a wrought iron shaft were cut from the stern wheel of a passenger steamboat, which traveled the Arkansas River in the 1800's, are used in the mill.

The park is decorated with sculptures of toadstools, tree stumps, and several ornate bridges. Senor Dionico Rodriguez, a sculptor and artist from Mexico City, was responsible for all the details of each piece of concrete work made to represent wood, iron or stone, as well as the designing of the foot bridges and rustic seats. During the summer of 1991, Rodriguez's work at the Old Mill was renovated by the grandson of the original artist, Carlos Cortes

The Old Mill is often used for many outdoor activities including picnicking, relaxing, and even weddings or photo shoots. It is not unheard of for people to choose the Old Mill as a place to say their nuptials and many schools around North Little Rock have their school photos taken there.

A lake stretches into the Lakewood neighborhood below the Old Mill. The architect for the mill and park was Frank Carmean, the artist was Senor Dionicio Rodriguez, and the builder was the Justin Matthews Company.

The Old Mill Park was originally christened the T. R. Pugh Memorial Mill in honor of Thomas R. Pugh, of Portland, Arkansas, a staunch friend and benefactor of Matthews. The Old Mill was given to the City of North Little Rock as a gift by the former Justin Matthews Company on May 24, 1976. Maintained and landscaped by the Pulaski County Master Gardeners and North Little Rock Parks & Recreation, the park includes a variety of tree species including Eastern Redbud, Black Locust, Post Oak, Northern Red Oak, White Oak, and Shortleaf Pine.

Authentic reproduction of an old water-powered grist mill; appears in the opening scene of the classic movie, "Gone with the Wind," tour guides available by appointment; popular for outdoor weddings

www.northlr.org/attractions/old-mill/

My event gifts, given during registration. Closeup of my D60 event gift. Top view. 3 inch diameter glass paperweight in the shape of a cut diamond. Event logo and dates etched on the flat top.

I went to the Disneyland 60th Anniversary Diamond Celebration Merchandise Event at the Disneyland Hotel Convention Center today, on Wednesday May 20, 2015. I met up with a fellow collector at the event. We also went on a related trek to Downtown Disney to get DL60 merchandise that was not available at the event.

We lined up outside the entrance to the exhibit hall of the convention center at around 6:30 am. We were let in at 7 am. Displayed along the hallway where we lined up to get registered were all the merchandise that were available at the event, most of which was in the catalog and able to be pre-ordered.

After we registered for the event, we got a couple of nice gifts. One was a throw pillow decorated with an image of the first ticket to the opening of Disneyland to the general public on July 18, 1955, and on the reverse a greeting from Walt Disney. It is about 15'' L x 8'' W x 6'' D. The other was a glass paperweight/ornament in the shape of a cut diamond, in a blue velvet bag. On the bottom is the logo and dates for the event. It is 3'' in diameter and 2'' high, and very beautiful.

We went into a room where we got out pre-ordered merchandise. I had to make a couple of trips to my car to unload all my good. One was not ready yet, and is to shipped to my home. It is the Tinker Bell cel, with signed postcard and pin. It was the pin that wasn't ready yet. I did see the cel up close, and it is very beautiful. I got a nice surprise when my Snow White Scary Adventures framed canvas print was #2 of 95. It and the frame was very impressive up close. I helped my friend carry his goods to his hotel room.

After we returned, we went to the event "store" to order additional items. I took some photos of the silent auction items, which were mostly very rare or one of kind items related to Disneyland.

We then went to the World of Disney in Downtown Disney to look at and buy some DL60 goods, including the DL60 Doll, who is unnamed in the box. She has the face mold of Snow White, but has blue eyes and long blonde hair. I think she looks like Taylor Swift. The store was very busy with shoppers, most of which were buying DL60 goods. There was an amazing number and variety of DL60 merchandise, especially considering that May 22 is supposed to be real kickoff to the DL60 celebrations.

It was a fun and expensive day in Disneyland Resort. I was also there on Friday for the 24-hour event and kickoff to the formal DL60 celebrations.

The horse armour dates from 1477 and the chamfron from 1514.

Another collection of save the dates

The original Lansburgh's store building dates from 1969. Apparently the company had some issues with leasing the space and didn't open with the rest of the mall in 1968, opening instead on October 19, 1969.

Lansburgh's closed in 1973 when City Stores folded the chain, and was replaced by Philadelphia-based Lit Brothers, another City Stores division, from 1973 to 1975. The entire Lits chain would close by 1977.

In 1976, Bloomingdale's opened here in a gala celebration. The store expanded in 1988 with the expansion of the mall, adding a small lower level to connect to the new lower level of the mall.

The interior has been under continuous renovation for the last five years. Before then, it was a 1970s relic without compare. There are some parts that still haven't been touched (some possibly since Lansburgh's was there), but it's a far more contemporary shopping experience than it used to be.

Although most of the 2004 romantic comedy "50 First Dates" was filmed in Hawaii, the scene that takes place at the Callahan Institute for Brain Injurys was shot at L.A. County's Cabrillo Beach in San Pedro.

The Cabrillo Beach Bathhouse was built in 1932 and is the last standing example of the bathhouses that used to line Southern California's shoreline. After falling into disrepair over the years, it was closed, fully remodeled, and reopened in 2002.

This is the second floor ballroom.

This location was also used as the chapel for the 1997 thriller "Face/Off".

www.cabrillobeachbathhouse.org/index.html

@ Bar and Kitchen

Victoria, Australia

"The Tarwin Lower Mechanics' Institute Library and Hall was built in 1890 at a cost of £235, and was opened on 7 March of that year by FC Mason MLA. The cost of the land was £6/12/6 and the first trustees were Alfred Brown, Thomas Lees and Robert Fisher. The hall was the first public building erected in the township and was also used as a school and church. It is now believed to be the oldest extant building, public or otherwise, in Tarwin Lower.

Between 1926 and 1933 the Hall was extended with financial assistance from George Black and other public donations, when it was officially renamed as the Tarwin Lower Memorial Hall in memory of local people who served in the First World War. The 11 August 1933 edition of the "Great Southern Star" reported that the official opening of the additions to the Tarwin Lower Hall took place on 1 September 1933."

"The Tarwin Lower Memorial Hall was constructed in two stages. The first stage, constructed in 1890, comprises the original Mechanics Institute, which is an early simple weatherboard hall with a gable iron roof. The second stage, added between 1926 and 1933, comprises the formal entrance and anterooms contained under the slightly lower transverse gable added across the front of the original hall in the same materials. Skillion elements have been added later behind the cross gable.

The most notable element of the building is the symmetrical arrangement of the facade about a recessed entry, which is surmounted by a free standing pediment supported on posts carried through the roof from the wall construction. This pediment is elevated above the roof and has a bracketed timber gable end with a simple cross frame above a signboard as its architrave. The recessed entry is flanked by framed timber portals flush with the wall and bearing circular fretted labels with the dates of the Great War, 1914 and 1918.

The windows are in pairs of horizontal proportion symmetrically in each side of the facade. They have a narrow projecting hood board and are divided with heavy frames into small panels, which contain a geometric combination of divided fixed sashes and small hoppers.

There is one concrete block chimney and the ridge ends have sheet metal scroll finials, suggesting the previous existence of ridge cresting."

Source: vhd.heritage.vic.gov.au/places/result_detail/125646?print...

The beloved and blessed Prophet (May Peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) said, "A household that has dates does not feel hunger". (Mishkat Sharif)

www.dawateislami.net

Wedding save the dates pictures

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Al Ain Oasis is the largest oasis in the city of Al Ain, within the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.

It is located north of the Al Mutawa'a district and east of the Al Jhali district. The main central district of Al Ain is to the north, with the Oman border to the northwest.

Adjacent to the oasis are the Al Ain National Museum to the east and the Al Ain Palace Museum to the west. To south is the Al Ain Sports Club. To the southwest are the Al Ain Etisalat Building and the Oasis Hospital.

The oasis is known for its underground irrigation system "falaj" which brings water from boreholes to water farms and palm trees. The falaj irrigation is an ancient system dating back thousands of years and is used widely in Oman, UAE, China, Iran and other countries.

Al Ain has seven oases; the smallest is Al Jahili Oasis. The rest are Qattara, Al Mutaredh, Al Jimi, Al Muaiji, and Hili.

New Auditiorium Building 2001

The University of Aarhus, which dates from 1931, is a unique and coherent university campus with consistent architecture, homogenous use of yellow brickwork and adaptation to the landscape. The university has won renown and praise as an integrated complex which unites the best aspects of functionalism with solid Danish traditions in form and materials.

The competition for the university was won by the architects Kay Fisker, C. F. Møller og Povl Stegmann in 1931. Stegman left the partnership in 1937, Fisker in 1942 and C. F. Møller Architects has been in charge of the continued architectural development and building design of the university until today.

The University of Aarhus, with its extensive park in central Aarhus, includes teaching rooms, offices, libraries, workshops and student accommodation. The university has a distinct homogeneous building style and utilises the natural contours of the landscape. The campus has emerged around a distinct moraine gorge and the buildings for the departments and faculties are placed on the slopes, from the main buildings alongside the ring road to the center of the city at Nørreport. All throughout the campus, the buildings are variations of the same clear-cut prismatic volume with pitched roofs, oriented orthogonally to form individual architectural clusters sharing the same vocabulary. The way the buildings emerge from the landscape makes them seem to grow from it, rather than being superimposed on the site.

The original scheme for the campus park was made by the famous Danish landscape architect C. Th. Sørensen. Until the death of C. Th. Sørensens in 1979 the development of the park areas were conducted in a close cooperation between C. Th. Sørensen, C. F. Møller and the local park authorities. Since 1979 C. F. Møller Architects - in cooperation with the staff at the university - has continued the intentions of the original scheme for the park, and today the park is a beautiful, green area and an immense contribution to both the university and the city in general.

In 2001, C. F. Møller Architects prepared a new masterplan for the long and short term development of the university. Although the university has been extended continuously for more than 75 years, the original masterplan and design principles have been maintained, and have proven a simple yet versatile tool to create a timeless and coherent architectural expression adaptable to changing programs. Today, the university is officially recognized as a Danish national architectural treasure and is internationally renowned as an excellent example of early modern university campus planning.

Although most of the 2004 romantic comedy "50 First Dates" (top) was filmed in Hawaii, the scene that takes place at the Callahan Institute for Brain Injurys was shot at L.A. County's Cabrillo Beach in San Pedro.

The Cabrillo Beach Bathhouse was built in 1932 and is the last standing example of the bathhouses that used to line Southern California's shoreline. After falling into disrepair over the years, it was closed, fully remodeled, and reopened in 2002.

This location was also used as the chapel for the 1997 thriller "Face/Off".

www.cabrillobeachbathhouse.org/index.html

Mukteshvara Temple (IAST: Mukteśvara; also spelt Mukteswar) is a 10th-century Hindu temple dedicated to Shiva located in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. The temple dates back to 950–975 CE and is a monument of importance in the study of the development of Hindu temples in Odisha. The stylistic development the Mukteswar marks the culmination of all earlier developments, and initiates a period of experiment which continues for an entire century, as seen in such temples as the Rajarani Temple and Lingaraj temple, both located in Bhubaneswar. It is one of the prominent tourist attractions of the city.

HISTORY

The Mukteshvara Temple is found to be the earliest work from the Somavamshi period. Most scholars believe the temple is the successor to Parashurameshvara Temple and built earlier to the Brahmeswara Temple (1060 CE). Percy Brown puts the date of construction of the temple to 950 CE. The presence of a torana, which is not part of any other temple in the region, makes this temple unique and some of the representations indicate the builders were starters of a new culture. K.C. Panigrahi places the temple to be built during 966 CE and postulates that the Somavamshi king Yayati I built the temple. He also associates the legend of Kirtivassa to this temple, but the postulation is not accepted as Kirtivasa is associated with Lingaraja, though both were built at the same time for the same deity, Shiva. There is no historic evidence to conclude that Yayati I built the temple.

ARCHITECTURE

This architecture is one of the basic reasons why Mukteshvara Temple is also known as the "Gem of Odisha architecture". The temple faces west and is constructed in a lower basement amidst a group of temples. The pyramidal roof to the jagamohana present in the temple was the first of its kind over the conventional two tier structure. The temple is a small one compared to other larger temples in Bhubaneswar. The temples is enclosed within an octagonal compound wall with elaborate carvings on it. It is believed that the experiment of newer pattern in the temple showed a mature phase compared to its predecessors and culminated the beginning of replication of similar pattern in the later temples in the city. The temple has a porch, called torana, which acts as the gateway to the octagonal compound. The temple has two structures namely, the vimana (structure above the sanctum) and a mukhasala, the leading hall, both of which are built on a raised platform. The temple is the earlies to be built in pithadeula type.

PORCH

The most important feature of the Mukteshvara Temple is the torana, or the arched gateway, dating back to about 900 CE and showing the influence of Buddhist architecture. The arched gateway has thick pillars that have strings of beads and other ornaments carved on statues of smiling women in languorous repose. The porch is a walled chamber with a low, massive roof and internal pillars. The combination of vertical and horizontal lines is skilfully arranged so as to give dignity of buildings of moderate height. This early astylar form of the temple is best illustrated in this temple. The gateway has sculptures that range from elaborate scrolls to pleasant female forms and figures of monkeys and peacocks. The front and back of the arch are similar in design.

VIMANA

The Vimana is square in plan and is built in a raised platform with pilasters in each facade. The shikara is small compared to other temples; it has four Natarajas on and four kirthimukhas on the four faces. The top portion of the shikara has the kalasa. The shikara is 10.5 metres tall, with every inch sculpted with decorative patterns, architectural patterns and sculpted figures. A new form of decoration called bho, possibly developed here, became a prominent feature in later Odishan temples. It is a highly ornate chaitya window crowned by masked demon head and dwarf figures.

SANCTUM

The sanctum is sculpted with beautiful damsels exhibiting feminine charms entwined with nagas and naginis. The sanctum is cubical from the inside with offset walls in the outside.

JAGAMOHANA

This distinctive 10th-century temple is one of the smallest and compact temples. The jagamohana is 35 m tall. It is decorated with intricate carvings by the Vishwakarma Moharana sculptors. The temple is regarded as a gem of Nagara architecture of Kalinga architecture. Except for the rectangular plan of its jaganmohana, it is the earliest example of what may be termed proper Odisha temple type; a vimana with a curvelinear spire and a jaganmohana with a stepped pyramidal roof. The temple's red sandstone is covered with exquisite carvings of lean sadhus or holy men and voluptuous women encrusted with jewels. The images of Ganga and Yamuna are carved next to Chanda and Prachanda. The torana is present in front of the jagamohana. The figure of Lakulisa, seated in bhumispara-mudra and holding a lakuta is present on the lintel of the jagamohana. The figures of Gajalakshmi, Rahu and Ketu are also sculpted in the structure. A small extension from the side roof of the jagamohana has the image of a lion sitting on its hind legs. The exterior walls of the structure are decorated with pilasters with nagas and naginis.

OTHERS

The doorway to the inner sanctum houses the image of Ketu with three hooded snakes, commonly regarded as the ninth planet in the Hindu mythology. There is a tank in the eastern side of the temple and a well in the south-western corner. A dip in the well is believed to cure infertility in women. There are other shrines within the temple complex with lingam inside, which were used as offering shrines. The doorway of the temple is orante. The temple is enclosed by a low compound wall that follows the contours of the temple. The temple has sculptures both inside and outside the structure. The compound walls leaves a very small passage separating the shrine.

RELIGIOUS SIGNIFICANCE

Mukteshvara means "Lord of Freedom". The temple is dedicated to Hindu god Shiva. There are a number of sculptures of skeletal ascetics in teaching or meditation poses. Some scholars correlate the role of the temple as a centre for Tantric initiation with the name Mukteshvara as a possible thesis. The outer face of the compound wall has niches of Hindu deities like Saraswathi, Ganesha and Lakulisha (the fifth century founder of the Pashupata sect of tantric Shaivism). The numerous images of Lakulisha are found in miniature forms within Chaitya arches, showing various mudras like yoga, Bhumispara and vyakyana wit yogapatta tied to their knees. They are accompanied by the images of the disciples. According to tradition, barren women give birth to sons if they take a dip in Madicha Kunda tank in the premises of the temple on the night before Ashokashtami car festival. On the evening, the water in the tank is sold to the public.

IN POPULAR CULTURE

The Department of Tourism of the state government organises a three-day yearly dance function called Mukteswar Dance Festival in the temple premises. This festival celebrates the features of Odissi, the classical dance form of Odisha. Popular Odissi dancers perform during the function, accompanied by instruments like mardal. The event is webcast in the state government portal.

WIKIPEDIA

Although most of the 2004 romantic comedy "50 First Dates" was filmed in Hawaii, the scene that takes place at the Callahan Institute for Brain Injurys was shot at L.A. County's Cabrillo Beach in San Pedro.

The Cabrillo Beach Bathhouse was built in 1932 and is the last standing example of the bathhouses that used to line Southern California's shoreline. After falling into disrepair over the years, it was closed, fully remodeled, and reopened in 2002.

This is the enclosed balcony which is adjacent to the second floor ballroom.

This location was also used as the chapel for the 1997 thriller "Face/Off".

www.cabrillobeachbathhouse.org/index.html

Lowenstark’s Log: … uhh… dates are sort of funny. I think I’ll start like this:

Lowenstark’s Log: Day 299.

Man, I suppose I should start with the beginning. Hell, I should’ve probably been taking these journal notes this entire time. Now that I can’t do it in my head anymore, it never really occurred to me…but I think it’s time I start chronicling again. I mean, my story should be put to paper, in case I die or something. Again.

It’s been almost three hundred days since I was brought to the Dreamscape. At first I thought I was dead. Hell, whoever brought me here even had the sense of humor to leave me atop a big tuft of clouds – as if I were in some comic version of Heaven itself. It took days for me to realize that I could actually fly, and even that came about when I decided I’d rather take a swift fall than die of dehydration.

As I wondered from curious wonderland to curious wonderland, marveling at the sheer oddity, surreality, and absurdity (when it’s not simply horror) of the Dreamscape, I eventually realized I wasn’t actually in Heaven. The first clue was a slobbering Fade that nearly killed me, and managed to break a few bones before found myself nearly crapping my pants and teleporting to some new location. .. and, thankfully, found another Dreamwalker.

An explorer, that Dreamwalker didn’t have time or inclination to deal with me. Begrudgingly he patched me up, gave me the Cliffnotes version of my situation, and wandered off a few hours later.

If you’re a Dreamwalker, you can imagine this Deer-In-Headlights moment. That ‘oh shit’ moment when you realize you’re A: Dead, and B: Way in over your head. Only in my case, I had the added dread of finding out I'm not even real... we'll get back to that point later on.

Now, If you’re a Dreamwalker and you’ve never heard of this… sorry to give you that same ‘oh shit’ moment. You're probably lost and confused, and reading this journal is going to only make you question your situation even further... that's a good thing! Here, I'll do you a solid, and give you a bit of the skinny. Here's the cliff notes version I received when -I- got here:

A: You died in your sleep, in the middle of some lucid dream. When you died, the dream was so lucid, it continued to hold your entire consciousness here – in the Dreamscape, the world of Dreams.

B: There are others like you. Untold numbers who travel around, form bands, occasionally towns, and just try to survive. Aside from those of us TRAPPED here in the Dreamscape, there are other Dreamers, who are people who are STILL sleeping and dreaming. Fair warning: Never, ever, ever try to forcibly make these people aware that you don’t belong in their dreams. That ALWAYS ends poorly- for YOU.

C: There are other things you can encounter besides 'Walkers and Dreamers. Among the worst possible encounter for you are the Fades. These are beings of pure emotion, also brought into this realm by lucid dreams. You have your most common, Nightmare Fades, which are horrors of all varieties – extremely powerful, no matter how good you are at manipulating the Dreamscape – but there other, more subtle kinds as well. Don’t go thinking you can take one all by your lonesome – I don’t care what kind of Stephen Seagal badass you were in real life, or how naturally gifted you are at bending the Dreamscape to your will. Oh, and chances are that lucid dream that brought you here also created a fade - a personal nightmare torn straight from your dreams. So, uh, watch your back.

D: There are parts of the Dreamscape that are intensely ORDERLY. Most of this world (which is the collective human subconscious) is complete chaos, warping and changing, inconsistent for much longer than a few hours. Some parts last longer, and still,there are places called Dreamplanes that are WAY more consistent. The Dreamers here aren’t just having a simple little dream, they’re having a massive, collective dream. They are dreaming that they are other people, like fictional characters, and these characters all live out full lives in the Dreamplane. Everything humans fantasize about likely has a dreamplane. You’ll find Wild West Dreamplanes, Science Fiction Dreamplanes, Cyberpunk Dreamplanes.. a lot of variety, and each one like it’s own little pocket-world. Just, again, don’t go trying to convince the dreamers there about who you really are… the psychic backlash from the paradox could literally tear your mind apart. Just, act cool, act like you belong there. Don't worry, you'll find that to protect the fragile reality there, the Dreamscape will give you some backup to help make a cover identity... you'll see what I mean. It's actually pretty neat.

E: It’s possible, though extraordinarily rare and unusual for one of these Dreamers in those aforementioned Dreamplanes to be “forced” awake. To be made to realize the world that they are in is not only a dream, but part of the larger Dreamscape. When that happens, the shock is so great that the Dreamer dies… and leaves behind only the fictional version of themselves. All memories of whoever they were in the “real world” are gone.

Option E up there? That’s me. I’m a fictional character who was being dreamt up by someone who I will never know. Someone who died so that I can exist, thanks to some OTHER unknown figure who went through a LOT of trouble to “Birth” me into the Dreamscape. See, to ME it’s the year 2077, and I was part of dystopian future fighting a corrupt government, looking for freedom and trying to build a better tomorrow. In truth, in reality, it’s somewhere around the year 2010. And I’m a fictional character that’s part of a fictional environment.

Most Dreamwalkers aren’t. They’re part of that world, the 2010 mundane world. The real world. Not me, though. I’m… well, the ‘real’ me, is dead. I’m a figment of his imagination… but I still FEEL real. Hell, I have 37 years of memories of a world that exists, for real, in the Dreamscape. It may not be what’s considered the “real world” – but to me, it was utterly real. Full of life, love, challenge and triumph, and even though I can never go back to that particular Dreamplane again, it was my home for my entire life. Unfortunately, I am dead there, so it's the one place in the Dreamscape I can never return to.

In fact, I’ve considered the possibility that maybe these lives those people lived, in their ‘real world’, in the early 21st century, my ALSO be a dream. Who’s to say? Why is their world more real than my world? Besides general consensus that is.

Anyway, that’s the beginning of my story. Well… it’s the beginning of my NEW story. My old story had a beginning, middle, and end… and it was a fantastic story, full of people I will miss (painfully so.) Since I was awakened, and went through this process of discovery my entire last few hundred days has been dedicated to understanding about as much about this place and it’s Dreamwalkers as I can. I'm training to manipulate the Dreamscape, trying to understand where I am and what our limits are... but more Dreamwalkers crop up every day. So many people are new, frightened and in need of aid… and naturally, it’s my job to find and help them.

What can I say… I’m not good, I’m just dreamt that way.

Midés, Tunisia

more here

For me, to see this dates tree bearing fruit is worth a thousand miles journey.

The Souk in Old Tripoli

Diana F+ / Fomapan 100

مشآركتي لورشة رمضآن..^^

Although most of the 2004 romantic comedy "50 First Dates" was filmed in Hawaii, the scene that takes place at the Callahan Institute for Brain Injurys was shot at L.A. County's Cabrillo Beach in San Pedro.

The Cabrillo Beach Bathhouse was built in 1932 and is the last standing example of the bathhouses that used to line Southern California's shoreline. After falling into disrepair over the years, it was closed, fully remodeled, and reopened in 2002.

This is the second floor ballroom.

This location was also used as the chapel for the 1997 thriller "Face/Off".

www.cabrillobeachbathhouse.org/index.html

The junction of the Murray and the Darling Rivers are the traditional lands of the Paakantyi and Maraura peoples. There is an extensive and rich archaeological heritage that documents their occupation of the lower Darling and Murray River areas; regionally this occupation dates back some 45,000 years, and there are numerous locations along the Murray and Darling Rivers that contain evidence of Aboriginal occupation from around 20,000 years ago up to the present.

In 1829 the New South Wales Government dispatched an exploratory party to trace the Murrumbidgee River under the leadership of Charles Sturt. Sturt, the first European to venture into the Murray - Darling region, followed the Murrumbidgee to its junction with the Murray River, then downstream to its junction with the Darling River. Sturt encountered large numbers of Aboriginal people near the Murray/Darling junction, but his expedition featured generally peaceful, though wary, meetings and interactions. Subsequent expeditions in the region, like that led by Major Thomas Mitchell in 1836, were marred by violence. In 1836 Mitchell commenced his 3rd expedition into the interior of Australia with the aim of completing a survey of the Darling River. Between Euston and Mildura, at a location now known as Mount Dispersion, the exploratory group were followed by a group of up to 180 Aboriginals. Mitchell organised an ambush and at least seven Aboriginals were killed, with 70 or 80 shots fired.

In 1838 Joseph Hawdon and Charles Bonney, the first of the 'overlanders', drove cattle from New South Wales to Adelaide along the northern bank of the Murray River, crossing the lower Darling River en route. Other overlanders began to follow the same route, and the Murray/Darling junction became an established campsite known as Hawdon's Ford. The settlement was later referred to as the Darling Junction. Small scale conflicts between overlanders and Aboriginal people developed as more and more overlanders passed through, grazed, and damaged the traditional lands of the Barkindji, Paakantyi and Maraura peoples. These conflicts with overlanders escalated, culminating in the infamous 1841 Rufus River Massacre, at Lake Victoria, where some 35 Aborigines were shot by Police and overlanders.

Conflict between Aboriginal people and overlanders/ pastoralists slowed after this massacre. Aboriginal people were dispossessed of their lands and were forced to join the workforce of the expanding pastoral industry. In the 1840's, squatters became established over the land along the Darling and Murray Rivers and gradually expanded their holdings westwards from the Murrumbidgee and north eastwards from South Australia.

Moorna Station, just downstream of the Murray/Darling junction, was established in 1847 and became the base for government administration in the area. The Lower Darling Land District was created in 1847 and subdivided north-south along the Darling River into the Albert and Lower Darling land districts in 1851. The first Crown Land Commissioners for the district were appointed in November 1851 (Stephen Cole, Lower Darling District and Patrick Brougham to the Albert District) and were based at Moorna, along with the Court of Petty Sessions and Native Police. Moorna township was surveyed in 1859 and town lots auctioned, but when the Land Commissioner and native police were moved to Wentworth in circa 1859, Moorna did not develop as a town. Hawdon's Ford or Darling Junction was officially renamed Wentworth, after the New South Wales explorer and politician William Charles Wentworth, on the 21st of June 1859.

In mid-1857 Edmund Morris Lockyer was appointed second Lieutenant in the Native Police, Lower Darling District, and Alexander Tod Perry was appointed second lieutenant in the Native Police, Albert District. The first means of detention used in Wentworth was a huge tree trunk at the corner of Adelaide and Darling St. with a bullock chain and ring bolt, to which prisoners were handcuffed. The next lockup was a slab hut, located at the southern end of Darling Street opposite the end of Darling St. This lockup or the Wentworth police Watch-house was used to confine prisoners with sentences of fourteen days or less, and was proclaimed to be a prison on the 1st of December 1870.

By the 1860s the lockup was enlarged to three rooms but it was apparent that a new gaol was needed. In late 1875 the gaol could not shelter all 12 prisoners, and 3 were chained outside. Passionate pleas to the Colonial Secretary described the overcrowded conditions in the gaol as a 'disgrace', 'shameful', and as the 'Wentworth Black Hole". There are reports of some improvements to prisoner accommodation during 1877 after which the Gaol was reported to house three separated and nine associated prisoners.

On the 1st of January 1877, a letter from the Controller General of Prisons to the Colonial Secretary requested that a site be dedicated for the projected new gaol at Wentworth. On the 30th of April 1877, the Comptroller General wrote to the Colonial architect "having conferred with the inspector of Police I am of the opinion that the Gaol should be designed as one of the class now building at Young. If it were practicable to erect only a portion of the designed buildings at the present time, it would be desirable-but provision for a Hospital, Surgery and bath house should be made". By the 23rd of April 1878 a plan has been drawn up and by the 14th of August 1878 a "Reservation of 2 acres being portion no. 47 of site for Wentworth Gaol" was completed.

James Johnstone Barnet (1827 - 1904) was made acting Colonial Architect in 1862 and appointed Colonial Architect from 1865 - 1890. He was born in Scotland and studied in London under Charles Richardson, RIBA, and William Dyce, Professor of Fine Arts at King's College, London. He was strongly influenced by Charles Robert Cockerell, leading classical theorist at the time and by the fine arts, particularly works of painters Claude Lorrain and JRM Turner. He arrived in Sydney in 1854 and worked as a self-employed builder. He served as Edmund Blacket's clerk of works on the foundations of the Randwick (Destitute Childrens') Asylum. Blacket then appointed Barnet as clerk-of-works on the Great Hall at Sydney University. By 1859 he was appointed second clerk of works at the Colonial Architect's Office and in 1861 was Acting Colonial Architect. Thus began a long career. He dominated public architecture in NSW, as the longest-serving Colonial Architect in Australian history. Until he resigned in 1890 his office undertook some 12,000 works, Barnet himself designing almost 1000. They included those edifices so vital to promoting communication, the law and safe sea arrivals in colonial Australia. Altogether there were 169 post and telegraph offices, 130 courthouses, 155 police buildings, 110 lockups and 20 lighthouses, including the present Macquarie Lighthouse on South Head, which replaced the earlier one designed by Francis Greenway. Barnet's vision for Sydney is most clearly seen in the Customs House at Circular Quay, the General Post Office in Martin Place and the Lands Department and Colonial Secretary's Office in Bridge Street. There he applied the classicism he had absorbed in London, with a theatricality which came from his knowledge of art.

The gaol was erected in 1879 by Whitcombe Bros. of Hay. The contract price is believed to have been fourteen thousand pounds and bricks were locally produced by Joseph Fritsch. Malmsbury bluestone was transported by rail to Kerang then by bullock wagon for use in the gaol. The gaol was erected to include a quadrangle, cell block (with ten male and two female cells), kitchen, hospital, storeroom, block, gaol warden's residence and two observation towers. The kitchen block was described as showing evidence of careful planning in preparation of meals for prisoners. Next to the kitchen was the bathroom equipped with a bath and shower on a concrete base. The gaol included a well-stocked library. The staff consisted of three warders and there was as many as 18 prisoners locked up at any one time.

With the erection of other gaols at Silverton (1889), Broken Hill (1892) and Goulburn (1884) the need for a gaol at Wentworth declined. The gaol closed after the two final prisoners, who had been sentenced on 9 February 1928, were transferred to the Broken Hill Gaol on 27 February 1928 (Anonymous, 1928) . In 1935 the hospital block was remodelled and converted into additional class rooms for Wentworth Central School. Over a hundred pupils used the gaol, which also became of interest to visitors / tourists in the 1950s. In 1963 the students left the gaol when new school classrooms were constructed.

In the mid-1970s some restoration works were undertaken by EA Farmer, Government Architect. In 1981 Mr. Peter Kiely took over the lease and ran the gaol as a tourist attraction, retaining the cottage as a residence, and from 2000 Mr. Paul Swarbrick has been the leasee. The cottage is currently used as an entry and shop for selling old wares.

Source: New South Wales Heritage Register.

Fresh Basket of Dates, Khulas "yellow" and Khunazi "red" from farms of Bahrain