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Kansas Cosmosphere
Portable Life Support System (PLSS) A Life Giving Backpack
A lunar astronaut's space suit provided the protective cocoon for his survival against the extreme conditions of the Moon, but it was his backpack that would provide his life-giving atmosphere.
Called the PORTABLE LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEM - or PLSS (pronounced "pliss") - this large, 65 pound backpack supplied a moon walking astronaut with his life blood of oxygen, atmospheric pressure, water, temperature control, and communications.
A masterpiece of engineering, the PLSS was a self-contained, self-powered, rechargeable environmental control system. Even though it only contained 15-minutes of oxygen, it was capable of expanding nearly eight hours by cleansing the carbon dioxide with a lithium hydroxide canister contained in the PLSS. It precisely controlled the internal suit temperature to 70°F, even though the outside temperature of the Moon fluctuated nearly 500°F between light and dark. The PLSS controlled humidity, and contained a VHF communication system capable of allowing the astronaut to talk to his fellow moon-walker, the pilot in the orbiting Command Module, or with Mission Control in Houston. It also transmitted the astronauts medical status from data collected from his bio-belt unit, which had sensing devices attached to several of the astronaut's body points. All was accomplished on less electricity than it takes to power the light bulb in your refrigerator.
On later Apollo missions, when several lunar excursions were made during each mission, the astronauts were able to hook the PLSS into the systems of the Lunar Module and completely recharge the unit for another eight hours of life. The backpacks were left behind on the lunar surface at the conclusion of each mission in an effort to maximize the amount of moon rocks and other samples the astronauts were able to return.
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The Magic of the PLSS
The magic of the astronaut's Portable Life Support System (PLSS) was that it was able to do so much in such a small package.
Besides supplying oxygen, water, electrical power and communications, as well as controlling temperature and humidity, the PLSS incorporated an ingenious process to remove heat from the suit. Called sublimation, excess body heat that accumulated in the suit was absorbed by circulating water through the astronaut's liquid cooling garment that he wore next to his skin. The warmed water then was passed through a heat exchanger comprised of a nickel-metal plate exposed to the vacuum of space. The heat was effectively pulled away from the PLSS by the conditions of the space environment. This process of sublimation developed for the Apollo backpack, was later evolved into heat pump systems used for heating and air-conditioning in millions of American homes.
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The Remote Control Unit (RCU)
The Remote Control Unit was used by the astronaut to monitor and control the PLSS backpack and was attached to the front of the space suit
Located on this unit were a fan switch, pump switch, communication mode selector switch, volume control, PLSS oxygen quality indicator, five status indicators and a level device to activate the emergency oxygen device OPS unit) located on the top of the backpack. Additionally, the RCU also incorporated a camera bracket on the front.
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Oxygen Purge System (OPS)
Attached to the top of the PLSS is a separate unit called the Oxygen Purge System, or OPS.
The OPS unit can be manually activated by the astronaut in an emergency situation in case the PLSS backpack develops problems. The unit is a self-contained, independently powered, high-pressure emergency oxygen system that provides up to 30 minutes of breathing supply. The OPS consists of two interconnected spherical high-pressure oxygen bottles, an oxygen pressure regulator, a battery and check-out instrumentation, automatic temperature control module, an oxygen pressure regulator, a battery and check-out instrumentation.
During the last three missions to the Moon (Apollo 15, 16 and 17), the Command Module Pilot made trans-Earth EVA to retrieve film canisters from the Service Module. During the EVA he wore on the back of his space suit the OPS unit retrieved from one of his colleague's PLSS units before it way discarded on the Moon. The unit provided the same form of emergency backup to the space-walking astronaut in case a problem developed in his primary life support umbilical line.
Also mounted to the top of the OPS is the astronaut's primary VHF communication antenna that transmitted voice communications and metabolic data.
The crew sits in the cockpit of a NATO AWACS.
NATO has deployed three E-3A Airborne Warning and Control System (AWACS) surveillance aircraft to Bucharest, Romania on 17 January 2023, to support NATO’s reinforced presence in the region and monitor Russian military activity.
American, and Canadian Airmen assigned to the 962nd Airborne Air Control Squadron, distinguished guests, and surviving family members of the crew of the E-3B Sentry, Airborne Warning and Control System aircraft, call sign "YUKLA 27" gathered for 20th anniversary memorial ceremonies on Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson, Alaska, Tuesday, Sept. 22, 2015. On Elmendorf Air Force Base, Sept. 22, 1995, the "YUKLA 27" aircraft from the 962nd Airborne Air Control Squadron encountered a flock of geese and crashed shortly after takeoff on a routine surveillance training sortie, killing all 24 U.S. and Canadian Airmen aboard. (U.S. Air Force photo/Justin Connaher)
The display is upside-down. Why?
I took the new control system out for a test flight this evening. Things didn't go so well. The transmitter and receiver wouldn't talk to each other. Later, I found the transmitter batteries needed to be replaced. So zero pictures taken. Very frustrating.
Also, though, the display has turned upside-down. I didn't remount it so it must be a software thing. The LCD has a command to set the orientation -- you are supposed to be able to set it to any of the 4 orientations. But I tried that, actually, during development and couldn't get it to work. Now it has decided to flip 180 degrees and I can't get it to go back to normal even by resetting it. I guess I'll have to look up that orientation setting command and make sure I set it right every time the system boots up.
On the plus side, the wind was silky smooth and my 8 foot rok took the (non-functional) camera rig on a nice stable ride.
[Update: the 180 degree flip of the display has been tracked down to a change in the LCD driver. I'll be producing a workaround for this in my code and will update the github repository.]
Scania 580 8x4 Next Gen with Mählers control system MC3 and grader blade. Contractor: B-O Söderholms Åkeri. Photo: Sten Strömgren
Henan oriental machinery co.,Ltd. manufacturers Dry mix mortar production line...
Type of Dry Mortar
Common Mortar and Special Mortar
Masonry mortar
Plastering mortar
Ceramic tile binder
Thermal insulation mortar
Heated board matching mortar
Gap filler
Interface mortar
Decoration mortar and powder coating
Self-leveling mortar
Floor mortar
Gypsum joint mortar
Waterproof dry-mixed mortar
Non-shrinkage grouting material
Repair mortar
Hardening and artistic floor mortar
automatic Dry mix mortar production line on the latest design concept in Europe, this production line adopts the advanced computer auto-control system, whose production capacity can reach 30-100 thousand tons per year depend on the system configuration.
CZ
Autor: Radko Janata, Ministerstvo obrany České republiky
Informace o objektu fotografie čtěte v popisu stejnojmenného setu.
EN
Author: Radko Janata, Ministry of Defence and Armed Forces of the Czech Republic
Information about the object images is included in the description of the same name set.
CZ
Autor: Radko Janata, Ministerstvo obrany České republiky
Informace o objektu fotografie čtěte v popisu stejnojmenného setu.
EN
Author: Radko Janata, Ministry of Defence and Armed Forces of the Czech Republic
Information about the object images is included in the description of the same name set.
CZ
Autor: Radko Janata, Ministerstvo obrany České republiky
Informace o objektu fotografie čtěte v popisu stejnojmenného setu.
EN
Author: Radko Janata, Ministry of Defence and Armed Forces of the Czech Republic
Information about the object images is included in the description of the same name set.
CZ
Autor: Radko Janata, Ministerstvo obrany České republiky
Informace o objektu fotografie čtěte v popisu stejnojmenného setu.
EN
Author: Radko Janata, Ministry of Defence and Armed Forces of the Czech Republic
Information about the object images is included in the description of the same name set.
A pilot sits in the cockpit of a NATO AWACS.
NATO has deployed three E-3A Airborne Warning and Control System (AWACS) surveillance aircraft to Bucharest, Romania on 17 January 2023, to support NATO’s reinforced presence in the region and monitor Russian military activity.
Rover Systems CCTV Philippines
The Leading CCTV Brand in the Philippines
CCTV Systems, Security Systems, Suveillance Systems, CCTV Camera, Analog Camera, Dome Camera, PTZ Camera,
HDI Camera, DVR, Digital Video Recorder, PC Based DVR, Covert Camera, Spy Camera, Wireless Alarm Systems, Burglar Alarm Systems, Access Control System, Biometric Systems, Central Monitoring Systems CCTV Distributor, CCTV Installation, CCTV Services
49 E. Fernandez St. San Juan City
Call us: 7237959 / Fax: 7245898
Rover Systems CCTV Philippines
The Leading CCTV Brand in the Philippines
CCTV Systems, Security Systems, Suveillance Systems, CCTV Camera, Analog Camera, Dome Camera, PTZ Camera,
HDI Camera, DVR, Digital Video Recorder, PC Based DVR, Covert Camera, Spy Camera, Wireless Alarm Systems, Burglar Alarm Systems, Access Control System, Biometric Systems, Central Monitoring Systems CCTV Distributor, CCTV Installation, CCTV Services
49 E. Fernandez St. San Juan City
Call us: 7237959 / Fax: 7245898
NATO AWACS's crew member inside the aircraft.
NATO has deployed three E-3A Airborne Warning and Control System (AWACS) surveillance aircraft to Bucharest, Romania on 17 January 2023, to support NATO’s reinforced presence in the region and monitor Russian military activity.
Art Franke, Indiana NRCS district conservationist for Steuben County, tours Tom Dykstra’s wetland reserve easement located in Fremont, Indiana June 7, 2022. Dykstra purchased the 110-acre wetland reserve easement in 2015. The property was originally enrolled in the Wetland Reserve Easement Program through USDA’s Natural Resources Conservation Service in 2010 through an initiative in the Fish Creek Watershed aimed at creating habitat for the endangered copper belly water snake. Dykstra worked with NRCS in 2019 to connect multiple wetlands on the property with tile drains and water control structures to address flooding issues caused by excessive rain. The structures enable him to manually control the water level throughout the property. Dykstra is also working with NRCS to address invasive species on the property. (NRCS photo by Brandon O’Connor)
The Zero 2000 6x6 Deluxe Version
+ Deep Yellow 12 Kodak Wratten Color Filter
+ Kodak TMAX 100 Film
Pinhole Size: 0.18mm
Focal Length: 1" (25mm)
Angle of View: 130 deg. diagonally
Film Stop: F/138 for pinhole
Exposure 8 seconds
Self development
with Jobo CPE2
and Jobo Multitank 1521
Tetenal Ultrafin T-Plus (1+4) 11:00' @20°C
Tetenal Indicet Stopbath (1+19) 1:00'
Adofix (1+3) 4:00'
Washing film for 5 minutes
Ilford Washaid (1+4) 2:00'
Re-Washing film for 10 minutes
Adoflo Wetting Agent (1+200) 2:00' @20°C
Epson V700 Pro
marcello pasini ©
CZ
Autor: Radko Janata, Ministerstvo obrany České republiky
Informace o objektu fotografie čtěte v popisu stejnojmenného setu.
EN
Author: Radko Janata, Ministry of Defence and Armed Forces of the Czech Republic
Information about the object images is included in the description of the same name set.
I have been lost in Photoshop. I was having ideas in Lightroom and they led to edits and on to Photoshop CS and from there they are stretching out towards some notion of motion pictures. I have not used this Film Temperature Control System. I have been calling a film cooker. It looks superb and it comes with a three pin U.K. Plug fitted ready for accurate simmering film into tender toner and sharpish shadows and might fine highlights.
I have used two fonts to give °CineStill a look as it has in the packaging.
I forget to mention the soundtrack. Two tracks from those provided by my editing service with no composers and players listed. I have edited tracks individually and together. All errors on me and all praise to unknown originators of music. I wish that I had some names to praise.
© PHH Sykes 2023
phhsykes@gmail.com
CineStill TCS-1000 - Temperature Control System - UK Plug
analoguewonderland.co.uk/products/cinestill-tcs-1000-temp...
°CS "TEMPERATURE CONTROL SYSTEM", TCS-1000 IMMERSION CIRCULATOR THERMOSTAT FOR MIXING CHEMISTRY AND PRECISION FILM PROCESSING, 120V ONLY
cinestillfilm.com/products/tcs-temperature-control-system...
CZ
Autor: Radko Janata, Ministerstvo obrany České republiky
Informace o objektu fotografie čtěte v popisu stejnojmenného setu.
EN
Author: Radko Janata, Ministry of Defence and Armed Forces of the Czech Republic
Information about the object images is included in the description of the same name set.
Scania 580 8x4 Next Gen with Mählers control system MC3 and grader blade. Contractor: B-O Söderholms Åkeri. Photo: Sten Strömgren
A NATO E-3A Airborne Warning and Control System (AWACS) aircraft sits on the tarmac at Šiauliai Air Base in Lithuania.
NATO’s Airborne Warning and Control System (AWACS) aircraft have deployed to Lithuania to monitor the skies over eastern Europe. NATO has increased its air presence in the eastern part of the Alliance using fighter jets, surveillance planes and tankers. The NATO AWACS mission is scheduled to last several weeks. Around 150 military personnel from Czechia, Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands, Türkiye, and the United States, have deployed to Šiauliai in support of the aircraft.
Kenworth’s Predictive Cruise Control system becomes standard on the Kenworth T680 on-highway flagship beginning July 1, 2018. Kenworth Predictive Cruise Control combines GPS with cruise control to deliver enhanced fuel economy.
PictionID:44801113 - Catalog:14_013576 - Title:Atlas Details: Satar Ov-1 Vehicle; Attitude Control System Side A Date: 06/02/1964 - Filename:14_013576.TIF - - - Image from the Convair/General Dynamics Astronautics Atlas Negative Collection. The processing, cataloging and digitization of these images has been made possible by a generous National Historical Publications and Records grant from the National Archives and Records Administration---Please Tag these images so that the information can be permanently stored with the digital file.---Repository: San Diego Air and Space Museum
Promotional campaign insert (1 of 5)
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U.S. Army mortar men from 2nd Battalion, 151st Infantry Regiment, Indiana National Guard provide 120mm mortar fire support to Soldiers from 3rd Battalion, 509th Parachute Infantry Regiment, 4th Brigade Combat Team, 25th Infantry Division at Afghan Combat Outpost Chergotah, located in the Terezayi district of Khost province, Afghanistan, Dec. 4. The Mortar Fire Control System was first fielded to the 1st Cavalry Division in 2003. (Photo by U.S. Air Force Staff Sgt. Stephen J. Otero, Khost Provincial Reconstruction Team Public Affairs Office)
Rover Systems CCTV Philippines
The Leading CCTV Brand in the Philippines
CCTV Systems, Security Systems, Suveillance Systems, CCTV Camera, Analog Camera, Dome Camera, PTZ Camera,
HDI Camera, DVR, Digital Video Recorder, PC Based DVR, Covert Camera, Spy Camera, Wireless Alarm Systems, Burglar Alarm Systems, Access Control System, Biometric Systems, Central Monitoring Systems CCTV Distributor, CCTV Installation, CCTV Services
49 E. Fernandez St. San Juan City
Call us: 7237959 / Fax: 7245898
+++ DISCLAIMER +++
Nothing you see here is real, even though the conversion or the presented background story might be based on historical facts. BEWARE!
Some background:
The Bell AH-1 SuperCobra is a twin-engined attack helicopter that was developed on behalf of, and primarily operated by, the United States Marine Corps (USMC). The twin Cobra family, itself part of the larger Huey family, includes the AH-1J SeaCobra, the AH-1T Improved SeaCobra, and the AH-1W SuperCobra. The Super Cobra was derived from the single-engine AH-1 Cobra, which had been developed during the mid-1960s as an interim gunship for the U.S. Army. The USMC had quickly taken an interest in the type but sought a twin-engine arrangement for greater operational safety at sea, along with more capable armaments. While initially opposed by the Department of Defense, who were keen to promote commonality across the services, in May 1968, an order for an initial 49 twin-engine AH-1J SeaCobras was issued to Bell. The type entered service during the final months of the US's involvement in the Vietnam War, seeing limited action in the theatre as a result.
The USMC promptly sought greater payload capacity than that provided by the original Sea Cobra; thus the AH-1T, equipped with the dynamic systems of the Model 309 and a lengthened fuselage, was produced by Bell during the 1970s. In the following decade, in response to the denial of funding to procure the Boeing AH-64 Apache attack helicopter, the USMC opted to procure a more capable variant of the AH-1T; equipped with revised fire control systems compatible with new munitions, such as the AGM-114 Hellfire anti-tank missile, the new model, designated AH-1W, commenced delivery in 1986.
In the early 1980s, the Marine Corps sought a new navalized helicopter. Accordingly, it evaluated the Boeing AH-64 Apache attack helicopter as first choice over a two-week period in September 1981, which included shipboard operation tests. Furthermore, various concepts were studied at this time. However, the service's request for funding to purchase the AH-64 was denied by Congress that same year. As an alternative option, the Marines procured a more powerful version of the AH-1T. Other changes included modified fire control systems to carry and fire AIM-9 Sidewinder and AGM-114 Hellfire missiles. The new version, which was funded by Congress, received the AH-1W designation. During March 1986, deliveries of the AH-1W SuperCobra commenced, eventually totaling 179 new-built helicopters along with the upgrading of 43 existing AH-1Ts.
This development also fell into the period when Great Britain was looking for a potential attack helicopter for the British Army, and Western Germany was - together with France - about to mutually develop a new attack helicopter that would in Germany replace the PAH-1, the light Bo 105 helicopter armed with six HOT anti-tank missiles. In 1984, the French and West German governments had issued a requirement for an advanced antitank helicopter, with one variant desired by the French dedicated to the escort and antihelicopter role. As originally planned, both countries would procure a total of 427 helicopters called “Tiger”. The West Germans planned on acquiring 212 models of the anti-tank variant named PAH-2 (Panzerabwehrhubschrauber or "Anti-tank helicopter"), with deliveries starting at the end of 1992. The French wanted 75 HAPs (Hélicoptère d'Appui Protection or "Support and Escort Helicopter") and 140 HACs (Hélicoptère Anti Char or "Anti-Tank Helicopter"), with deliveries starting at the end of 1991 and 1995, respectively. In the meantime, the USA also offered both the AH-1 as well as the more modern AH-64 as alternatives.
Development of the Tiger started during the Cold War, and it was initially intended as a pure anti-tank helicopter platform to be used against a Soviet ground invasion of Western Europe. A joint venture, consisting of Aérospatiale and MBB, was subsequently chosen as the preferred supplier, but in 1986 the development program was already canceled again due to spiraling costs: it had been officially calculated that supplying the German forces with an equivalent number of US-produced McDonnell Douglas AH-64 Apache attack helicopters would have been a considerably cheaper alternative to proceeding with the Tiger’s development, which became a more and more complex project because the helicopter would have to be able to fulfill more roles, and the duty profiles of Germany and France became significantly different. According to statements by the French Defence Minister André Giraud in April 1986, the collaborative effort had become more expensive than an individual national program and was also forecast to take longer to complete.
This opened the door for American proposals even wider, and beyond the state-of-the-art AH-64 Bell proposed a further upgraded two-engine AH-1W. Bell had been working as a private initiative with both the AH-1T+ demonstrator and the AH-1W prototype, and developed a new experimental hingeless rotor system with four composite blades, designed to withstand up to 23 mm rounds and thus greatly improving battlefield survivability. This new main rotor was manually foldable, reduced vibrations and allowed the engine power to be increased, thus greatly improving the SuperCobra’s performance and load capabilities. The twin engine’s power had until then been restricted, but in the AH-1-4BW the power was liberated to full 1,800 shp (1,342 kW), with a reinforced gearbox that could even cope with 2.400 shp. Top speed climbed by 23 mph/37 km/h, rate of climb improved, and the load capability was raised by 1.000 lb (450 kg). The AH-1-4BW was now able to fly a full looping, something the AH-1 had not been able to do before. However, empty weight of this demonstrator helicopter climbed to 12,189 lb (5,534 kg) and the maximum TOW to 18,492 lb (8.391 kg).
Other changes included a different position for the stabilizers further aft, closer to the tail rotor, which furthermore received small end plates to improve directional stability. The modified AH-1W prototype was aptly re-designated “AH-1-4BW” (4BW standing for “4-blade whiskey”), and there were plans to upgrade the type even further with a fully digitalized cockpit to meet contemporary requirements, e.g. for the British Army.
The West-German Bundesluftwaffe’s interest in the “outdated” AH-1 was initially only lukewarm, but when Bell offered to lend the AH-1-4BW prototype for evaluations and as a development mule for the eventual integration of the European HOT missile and indigenous sensors and avionics, a mutual agreement was signed in late 1987 to have the AH-1-4BW tested by the Luftwaffe in the environment where the type would be operated.
The AH-1-4BW prototype (s/n 166 022) was delivered to Manching in Southern Germany in summer 1988 on board of a C-5 Galaxy. It was operated by the Luftwaffe’s Wehrtechnische Dienststelle (WTD, Technical and Airworthiness Center for Aircraft) 61 for two years and successfully made several tests. This program was divided into three “Phases”. “Phase I” included focused on flight characteristics, tactical operations, and mock air-to-air combat against Luftwaffe CH-53s which acted as Mi-24 aggressors. Upon program start the AH-1-4BW received German markings, the registration 98+11, and a new, subdued paint scheme in Luftwaffe colors instead of the original USMC scheme in an overall medium green.
In “Phase I” the AH-1-4BW retained its American weapon systems, as the flight testing did not involve weapon deployment or integration. Instead, dummies or target designators were carried. After these initial tests that lasted almost a year Bell agreed to let the WTD 61 modify the AH-1-4BW further with European avionics to deploy the HOT 3 anti-tank missile, which would be the helicopter’s primal weapon in the German Heeresflieger’s service, since Germany did at that time neither use the similar American TOW nor the more sophisticated AGM-114 Hellfire, even though the German PARS 3 LR missile (also known as TRIGAT-LR: Third Generation AntiTank, Long Range) was already under development since 1988. This upgrade and test program section received the designation “Phase II”. Outwardly, the newly modified AH-1 was recognizable through a different sensor turret in the nose and a modified HOT missile sight for the gunner in the front seat.
In late 1989 the helicopter underwent another modification by WTD 61, which was to test equipment already intended for the PAH-2. Under the trials’ final “Phase III” the AH-1-4BW received a globular fairing on a mast on top of the main rotor, to test the tactical value of observing, identifying, and selecting targets while the helicopter would remain in cover. This sensor mast combined a panoramic IR camera with a targeting sight for anti-tank missiles and the gun turret, and it functionally replaced the standard chin sensor turret (which was brought back to AH-1W standard). Another novel feature was a streamlined, sugar scope-shaped exhaust diffusor with two chambers which guided hot gases upwards into the main rotor’s downwash, as an alternative to the original diffusors which only mixed cold ambient air with the hot efflux. It turned out to be very effective and was subsequently adapted for the Tiger. Other changes included a new hingeless three-blade tail rotor that was supposed to reduce operational noise and frequency issues with the new 4-blade main rotor, and the endplate stabilizers were enlarged to compensate for the huge “eyeball” on top of the main rotor which significantly changed the AH-1’s flight characteristics, especially at high speed.
Further tests of the Phase III SuperCobra lasted until summer 1990 and provided both Bell as well as the Luftwaffe with valuable benchmark data for further weapon system developments. When the lease contract ended in 1991, the AH-1-4BW was sent back to the United States. In the meantime, though, the political situation had changed dramatically. The USSR had ceased to exist, so that the Cold War threat especially in Europe had ended almost overnight after the Aérospatiale/MBB joint venture, now officially called Eurocopter, had signed an agreement in 1989 which financially secured the majority of the Tiger’s pending development through to serial production, including arrangements for two assembly lines to be built at Aerospatiale's Marignane plant and MBB's Donauwörth facility. This eventually saved the Tiger and in 1991 it had become clear that no American attack helicopter would be bought by either Germany or France. Great Britain as another potential European customer also declined the AH-1 and eventually procured the more modern AH-64 in the form of the license-built AgustaWestland Apache.
In 1992, the Eurocopter Group was officially established, and the Tiger moved closer to the hardware stage; this led to considerable consolidation of the aerospace industry and the Tiger project itself. A major agreement was struck in December 1996 between France and Germany that cemented the Tiger's prospects and committed the development of supporting elements, such as a series of new generation missile designs for use by the new helicopter. National political issues continued to affect the prospects of the Tiger, however. A proposed sale of up to 145 Tigers to Turkey proved a source of controversy; Turkey selected the Tiger as the preferred option, but conflicting attitudes between Eurocopter, France and Germany regarding military exports led to Turkey withdrawing its interest. Eventually, Turkey procured AH-1s and started an indigenous attack helicopter program.
However, the AH-1-4BW’s development and its vigorous testing in Germany were not in vain: Lacking a USMC contract, Bell developed this new design into the AH-1Z with its own funds during the 1990s and 2000s. By 1996, the Marines were again prevented from ordering the AH-64: developing a marine version of the Apache would have been expensive and it was likely that the Marine Corps would be its only customer. Instead, the service signed a contract for the upgrading of AH-1Ws into AH-1Zs, which incorporated many elements from the AH-1-4BW.
General characteristics:
Crew: Two (pilot, co-pilot/gunner)
Length: 58 ft 0 in (17.68 m) overall
45 ft 7 in (14 m) for fuselage only
Width: 10 ft 9 in (3.28 m) for stub wings only
Height: 13 ft 9 in (4.19 m)
13 ft 9 in (4.19 m) incl. Phase III sensor mast
Main rotor diameter: 42 ft 8 in (13.00 m)
Airfoil: blade root: DFVLR DM-H3; blade tip: DFVLR DM-H4
Main rotor area: 1,428.9 sq ft (132.75 m2)
Empty weight: 12,189 lb (5,534 kg)
Max. take-off weight: 18,492 lb (8.391 kg)
Powerplant:
2× General Electric T700-401 turboshaft engine, with 1,800 shp (1,342 kW)
Performance:
Maximum speed: 190 kn (220 mph, 350 km/h)
Never exceed speed: 190 kn (220 mph, 350 km/h)
Range: 317 nmi (365 mi, 587 km)
Service ceiling: 12,200 ft (3,700 m)
Rate of climb: 1,620 ft/min (8.2 m/s)
Armament:
1× 20 mm (0.787 in) M197 3-barreled Gatling cannon
in the A/A49E-7 chin turret (750 rounds ammo capacity)
4× hardpoints under the stub wings for a wide range of weapons, including…
- 20 mm (0.787 in) autocannon pods
- Twenty-two round pods with 68 mm (2.68 in) SNEB unguided rockets,
- Nineteen or seven round pods with 2.75” (70 mm) Hydra 70 or APKWS II rockets,
- 5” (127 mm) Zuni rockets – 8 rockets in two 4-round LAU-10D/A launchers
- Up to 8 TOW missiles in two 4-round XM65 missile launchers, on outboard hardpoints, or
up to 8 HOT3
up to 8 AGM-114 Hellfire missiles in 4-round M272 missile launchers, on outboard hardpoint,
- Up to 2 AIM-9 Sidewinder anti-aircraft missiles, launch rails above each outboard hardpoint or
up to 2 Air-to-Air Stinger (ATAS) air-to-air missiles in single launch tubes
The kit and its assembly:
This what-if model was inspired by the real attempts of Bell to sell a twin-engine Cobra variant to Germany as a replacement for the light PAH-1/Bo 105 helicopter, while plans were made to build an indigenous successor together with France which eventually became the PAH-2/Tiger. These proposals fell well into the time frame of the (also) real AH-14BW project, and I imagined that this specific helicopter had been lent to the Luftwaffe for evaluation?
The basis is the Italeri 1:72 AH-1W kit, a solid basis which requires some work, though. And because I had the remains of a French Tigre at hand (which gave its cockpit for my recent JASDF A-2 build) I decided to use some of the leftover parts for something that borders a kitbashing. This includes the 4-blade main and 3-blade tail rotor, and I integrated the Tiger’s scoop-shaped exhaust diffusor behind the main rotor – a tricky task that require a lot of PSR, but the result looks very natural, if not elegant? The Tiger’s end plate stabilizers were used, too, mounted to the AH-1’s trim stabilizers that were mounted further back, as on the real AH-1-4BW.
To change the look even further I decided to add a sensor pod on top of the main rotor, and this required a totally new mechanical solution to hold the latter. Eventually I integrated a sleeve for a fixed metal axis which also holds the sensor ball (from a MisterCraft Westland Lynx – a bit oversized, but suitable for a prototype), and the PAH-2 rotor received an arrangement of levers that hold it in place and still allow it to spin.
The ordnance was also taken from the Italeri Tigre, with HOT quadruple launchers for the outer weapon stations, the inner hardpoints were left empty and I also did not mount the American chaff/flare dispensers on top of the stub wings.
Painting and markings:
The Luftwaffe did a LOT of interesting camouflage experiments in the early Eighties, adopting several standardized schemes for aircraft, but the Heeresflieger were less enthusiastic and retained the overall Gelboliv (RAL 6014) scheme before a three-color camouflage, consisting of two green tones and a dirty black was gradually introduced – even though apparently not in a uniform fashion, because there were variations for the darker shade of green (retaining RAL 6014 or using FS 34079, as on the Luftwaffe Norm ’83 scheme that was applied to Tornado IDSs, RF-4Es, some Starfighters and to the Transall fleet).
My fictional AH-1-4BW would fall into that transitional phase and I decided to give the helicopter an experimental scheme, which was used/tested on early Tornado IDS, consisting of RAL 7021 (Teerschwarz), RAL 7012 (Basaltgrau) and RAL 6014 (Gelboliv) – on aircraft with undersides in RAL 7000 (Silbergrau), but on a helicopter rather as a wraparound scheme. However, inspired by Luftwaffe F-4Fs with a modified Norm ‘72 splinter scheme that added a simple light grey fin to break up the aircrafts’ profile in a side view, I used RAL 7030 (Steingrau) on the tail tip to achieve the same effect, and the light grey was also used, together with Basaltgrau und Gelboliv mottles on the sensor ball – looks a bit like WWII Luftwaffe style, but appeared plausible for the system’s tactical use from behind some ground cover. The cockpit interior became very dark grey, just like the rotor blades, which were adorned with orange warning markings at the tips – seen on some Luftwaffe helicopters instead of classic yellow or red-white-red bands.
The decals were puzzled together from various sources. National markings came from generic Luftwaffe sheets from TL Modellbau, the light blue WTD 61 emblems behind the cockpit were taken from a Peddinghaus decal sheet with early Luftwaffe unit markings. The dayglo panels were created with generic decal material (TL Modellbau, too) and stencils came mostly from a Fujimi AH-1 sheet, procuring German or even multi-language material appeared too tedious and costly.
The photo calibration markings on nose and fins were improvised from black and white decal sheet material, punched out, cut into quarters, and then applied as circles. Adds an experimental touch to the Cobra!
The kit received a light black ink washing and some post-panel-shading, esp. to brighten up the grey and increase the contrast between the camouflage tones, which appeared even more murky after the dayglow stripes had been added. Finally, the Cobra received an overall coat wit matt acrylic varnish, position lights were added/painted, and the sensor ball received sights made from yellow chrome PET foil, simply punched out and fixed into place with some Humbrol Clearfix.
This one took a while to materialize and was more work than one might expect at first glance. But it looks quite cool, esp. the PAH-2/Tiger’s exhaust fairing fits very well into the Cobra’s lines and adds an elegant touch to the helicopter. The “Eye ball” is a bit large, yes, but IMHO acceptable for a prototype or test vehicle. And the livery certainly conveys a German touch.
CZ
Autor: Radko Janata, Ministerstvo obrany České republiky
Informace o objektu fotografie čtěte v popisu stejnojmenného setu.
EN
Author: Radko Janata, Ministry of Defence and Armed Forces of the Czech Republic
Information about the object images is included in the description of the same name set.
American, and Canadian Airmen assigned to the 962nd Airborne Air Control Squadron, distinguished guests, and surviving family members of the crew of the E-3B Sentry, Airborne Warning and Control System aircraft, call sign "YUKLA 27" gathered for 20th anniversary memorial ceremonies on Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson, Alaska, Tuesday, Sept. 22, 2015. On Elmendorf Air Force Base, Sept. 22, 1995, the "YUKLA 27" aircraft from the 962nd Airborne Air Control Squadron encountered a flock of geese and crashed shortly after takeoff on a routine surveillance training sortie, killing all 24 U.S. and Canadian Airmen aboard. (U.S. Air Force photo/Justin Connaher)
American, and Canadian Airmen assigned to the 962nd Airborne Air Control Squadron, distinguished guests, and surviving family members of the crew of the E-3B Sentry, Airborne Warning and Control System aircraft, call sign "YUKLA 27" gathered for 20th anniversary memorial ceremonies on Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson, Alaska, Tuesday, Sept. 22, 2015. On Elmendorf Air Force Base, Sept. 22, 1995, "YUKLA 27" aircraft from the 962nd Airborne Air Control Squadron encountered a flock of geese and crashed shortly after takeoff on a routine surveillance training sortie, killing all 24 U.S. and Canadian Airmen aboard. (U.S. Air Force photo/Justin Connaher)
“GEMINI RE-ENTRY CONTROL --- Artist’s drawing shows position and firing direction or re-entry control system (RCS) for Gemini spacecraft. RCS has two independent, identical sets of eight engines each. One set is back up. Each engine develops about 25 pounds of thrust. RCS is produced by Small Engine division of Rocketdyne, a division of North American Aviation, Inc., under subcontract to McDonnell Aircraft Corporation. McDonnell is developing Gemini under the technical direction of NASA’s Manned Spacecraft Center, Houston, Texas. The engines are used to position spacecraft for retrograde rocket firing and to control roll, pitch and yaw of the spacecraft as it re-enters earth’s atmosphere. The RCS is located in re-entry equipment section just forward of the pressurized cabin.”
Although the accompanying data sheet is from 1966, the original artwork, and I'm assuming original publication of this image, is from 1963.
An absolutely gorgeous work by Sol Dember, who egregiously/sadly & disappointingly, was far too under/unappreciated.
Thanks to journalist/reporter(?) Andrew Porter, in conjunction with Mike Glyer, at:
file770.com/sol-dember-death-learned/
Credit: File 770/'Mike Glyer's news of science fiction fandom' website
Subsequently, thanks also to Kathy Pinna/Ancient Faces website, at:
www.ancientfaces.com/person/sol-dember-birth-1922-death-2...
And finally, a wonderful & gratifying find & read at:
www.simivalleyacorn.com/articles/simi-illustrators-work-i...
Credit: Michael Picarella/’Simi Valley Acorn’ website
Since too many online sources have evaporated WRT the legacies of other artists, the content of the above follows:
“Simi Valley resident and illustrator Sol Dember, 82, has his art hanging in the Pentagon in Washington D.C., the American Embassy in London, and the Air Force Academy in Colorado, as well as offices, homes, and galleries.
His work appears in encyclopedias, dictionaries, books, magazines and even greeting cards and record jackets.
Dember attributes his interest in art to his late uncle, who taught him the principles of design and a love for art in 1940 when Dember was in high school.
“After school, I would go to (my uncle’s) house and learn a lot from him about art technique,” Dember said. “I really liked to draw and paint. But my family was always artistic.”
At a young age, Dember made holiday silkscreen posters that he sold to local grocery markets and other stores to earn money at Christmas.
Dember graduated from the New York School of Industrial Art and studied at the Beaux Art Institute in Paris, France. Since then, he’s worked in the commercial art field.
Dember paints landscapes and seascapes, scientific and technical designs, and conceptual drawings. His work has received more than 50 ribbons and awards in national exhibits.
“I feel the accomplishment in doing things,” Dember said, proudly displaying his awards on a wall in his home.
Dember also teaches a three-semester course in airbrush techniques and related commercial art techniques. He taught at Pierce College for 22 years, Moorpark College for 18 years, and instructed art classes on 46 cruise ships.
Dember co-authored four books about art technique, including “Complete Airbrush Techniques,” “Complete Art Techniques and Treatments,” and two volumes of “Drawing and Painting the World of Animals.”
When Dember was an art director and in-house technical illustrator at Rockwell Scientific, he drew over 500 illustrations of space vehicles, machinery and surfaces of imaginary planets. He wants to lend many of those drawings to a Thousand Oaks hands-on science center that’s yet to be built.
“I offered my paintings to the vice president of this operation, and he said, ‘When we get started on it, we’ll be glad to accept it,’” Dember said.
Dember also hopes that his King Tutankhamun and Nefertiti paintings, which traveled the country with the 1978 King Tut exhibit, will be accepted into the current show.
“I just don’t know who to contact,” Dember said. Another King Tut exhibit is now at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art.
Dember is on two art advisory committees at Los Angeles Tech College. He’s listed in the California State Library in the Who’s Who of California History of Art, the Who’s Who in the West, the International Who’s Who of Contemporary Achievement and the International Gold Award Book.”
I invite you to click on the "Sol Dember" tag to hopefully gain some appreciation of the man's work/legacy.
Finally, along with information pertaining to the mural featured at the following linked site:
"DESCRIPTION
On the fourth floor of Bob Hope Patriotic Hall is Solomon Dember’s mural representing the history of the United States Navy and the Marine Corps. The artwork was created using a fresco technique on the room’s stucco wall. The mural was part of the renovation done for the Navy/Marine Corps meeting rooms and was dedicated by Ronald Reagan in 1982. To depict naval history, Dember chose to show famous American ships and sea battles. The history begins on the left with the Revolutionary Warship Bonhomme Richard engaged in the Battle of Flamborough Head, and continues with ships and battles of the Civil War, WWI, WWII, the Korean War, and finally Vietnam. The mural was commissioned by the Los Angeles County Naval Foundation.
About the Artist
Sol Dember was born in 1923 and grew up in Brooklyn, New York. He attended the New York School of Industrial Art and, after serving in the Army during WWII, also studied at France’s School of Fine Arts (L‘Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Beaux-Arts). In the 1950s and 60s he created many depictions of potential space vehicle designs for NASA. In the 1960s he also created the design for a White House Christmas card and Lyndon Johnson bought the original painting on which the card was based. He has lived in Southern California since 1946 and has taught art at Pierce College for 25 years and at Moorpark College for 22 years."
www.lacountyarts.org/civicart/objects-1/info?query=Portfo...
Credit: Los Angeles County Arts & Culture website
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Bell X-1B fitted with a reaction control system on the lakebed July 30, 1958-un-edited-Not part of my personal collection
Tom Dykstra (front), Bill Lambert (back left), Indiana NRCS northeast Area Easement Program Specialist, and Art Franke, Indiana NRCS district conservationist for Steuben County, check on a French drain that was installed one of the smaller ponds on Dykstra’s 110-acre wetland reserve easement during a tour of the property June 7, 2022. The drain was installed following a flood in 2019 that impacted a neighbor’s property and is part of a water control system that enabled Dykstra to control the water level of that pond and throughout the property. Dykstra purchased the property in 2015 and worked with USDA’s Natural resources Conservation Service in 2019 to install a series of water control structures and systems throughout the property after excess rain caused flooding throughout the easement and into a neighbor’s property. The property was originally enrolled in the Wetland Reserve Easement Program through USDA’s Natural Resources Conservation Service in 2010 through an initiative in the Fish Creek Watershed aimed at creating habitat for the endangered copper belly water snake. Dykstra is also working with NRCS to address invasive species on the property. (NRCS photo by Brandon O’Connor)
American, and Canadian Airmen assigned to the 962nd Airborne Air Control Squadron, distinguished guests, and surviving family members of the crew of the E-3B Sentry, Airborne Warning and Control System aircraft, call sign "YUKLA 27" gathered for 20th anniversary memorial ceremonies on Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson, Alaska, Tuesday, Sept. 22, 2015. On Elmendorf Air Force Base, Sept. 22, 1995, the "YUKLA 27" aircraft from the 962nd Airborne Air Control Squadron encountered a flock of geese and crashed shortly after takeoff on a routine surveillance training sortie, killing all 24 U.S. and Canadian Airmen aboard. (U.S. Air Force photo/Justin Connaher)
Scania 580 8x4 Next Gen with Mählers control system MC3 and grader blade. Contractor: B-O Söderholms Åkeri. Photo: Sten Strömgren
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A pilot sits in the cockpit of a NATO AWACS.
NATO has deployed three E-3A Airborne Warning and Control System (AWACS) surveillance aircraft to Bucharest, Romania on 17 January 2023, to support NATO’s reinforced presence in the region and monitor Russian military activity.
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PictionID:48528008 - Catalog:14_026681 - Title:GD/Astronautics Details: Cannister D Mock Up; Flight Control System Overall Date: 09/12/1958 - Filename:14_026681.TIF - - Images from the Convair/General Dynamics Astronautics Atlas Negative Collection. The processing, cataloging and digitization of these images has been made possible by a generous National Historical Publications and Records grant from the National Archives and Records Administration---Please Tag these images so that the information can be permanently stored with the digital file.---Repository: San Diego Air and Space Museum
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A pilot sits in the cockpit of a NATO AWACS.
NATO has deployed three E-3A Airborne Warning and Control System (AWACS) surveillance aircraft to Bucharest, Romania on 17 January 2023, to support NATO’s reinforced presence in the region and monitor Russian military activity.
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CCTV Systems, Security Systems, Suveillance Systems, CCTV Camera, Analog Camera, Dome Camera, PTZ Camera,
HDI Camera, DVR, Digital Video Recorder, PC Based DVR, Covert Camera, Spy Camera, Wireless Alarm Systems, Burglar Alarm Systems, Access Control System, Biometric Systems, Central Monitoring Systems CCTV Distributor, CCTV Installation, CCTV Services
49 E. Fernandez St. San Juan City
Call us: 7237959 / Fax: 7245898