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MCV Evolution bodied ADL Dart 4 10.9m SLF, AE57 FAO.
This was new to Halton in Nov 2007, numbered 4 and configured to B40F
This Bell Twin 212 is here from Mustang Helicopters in Alberta. This one is configured as a tanker. They can carry up to 4700 pounds.
With all ten of the GB Railfreight Class 92s with CAF mods to work the new Mk5 stock configured to 1500V ETS, hired-in traction is being used to work the Caledonian Sleeper Highlander whilst it remains the old Mk2/Mk3 stock (900V ETS).
With the Mk5s finally expected to be rolled-out in September, the end of Class 86s and Class 90s on sleeper workings is nigh after many years.
On the right, tatty grey Freightliner Class 90, 90047, rests with its night's work done, having hauled the Up Highlander (1M16) from Edinburgh Waverley.
On the left, AC Locomotive Group's Class 86/1, 86101 "Sir William A Stanier FRS" is just about to leave the Middle Siding and run round to the end of the stock to work the ECS move back to Wembley (5M16).
Each node is configured roughly like this-
- 2 CPUs
- 4 cores per CPU (so 8 cores total)
- 24 GB memory
- 4 x 2 TB hard drives
- GB Ethernet
Buy this framed print at RebBubble.
About
Half an hour before the storm arrived. Wellington Point, QLD, Brisbane. Those who know this place will notice how high the tide was.
The sun sets over to the far left, but that's where the storm head was, so I was amazed to see this part of the sky light up son well.
- ISO 100, f8, 1/30, 10mm
Processing
- Fill light to help brighten foreground.
- HDR, tone mapped using DynamicPhoto HDR.
- Some dust spot removal.
- Crop and horizon fix.
Port Canaveral wharf Ship configured with nets to catch fairing falling with parachutes before reaching ocean surface
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My Canon RP has been giving me grief lately and I need to configure out how to get it shoot worthy again. In the meantime I took my new Pixel 6a out on a beautiful Southern Ontario October day to see how well it works. I’m a studio shooter usually but I need to learn to “see” landscape shots. I played around with some angles and perspectives, ran them through Lightroom, and got these.
The Pixel6a produces nice results on the small screen of the phone but lots of detail is lost when you enlarge them on the desktop. They’re fine for snaps though.
The initial test flight of Lockheed Martin’s second T-50A configured aircraft occurred July 25, 2016. The T-50A is Lockheed Martin’s aircraft offering in the U.S. Air Force’s Advanced Pilot Training (APT) competition. lockheedmartin.com/us/products/t50A.html
All the cars have two decks. Some are configured for bikes, some with extra luggage racks. There are a couple other styles of cars, but all of mine have been like this.
Auto rickshaws are a common means of public transportation in many countries in the world. Also known as a three-wheeler, Samosa, tempo, tuk-tuk, trishaw, autorick, bajaj, rick, tricycle, mototaxi, baby taxi or lapa in popular parlance, an auto rickshaw is a usually three-wheeled cabin cycle for private use and as a vehicle for hire. It is a motorized version of the traditional pulled rickshaw or cycle rickshaw. Auto rickshaws are an essential form of urban transport in many developing countries, and a form of novelty transport in many developed countries. However, in some parts of Europe they remain an essential mode of transportation, notably Italy's.
OVERVIEW
ORIGN
Auto rickshaws of Southeast Asia started from the knockdown production of the Daihatsu Midget which had been introduced in 1957.
Japan had been exporting three-wheelers to Thailand since 1934. Moreover, The Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications of Japan donated about 20,000 used three-wheelers to Southeast Asia. In Japan, three-wheelers went out of use in the latter half of the 1960s.
DESIGN
An auto rickshaw is generally characterized by a sheet-metal body or open frame resting on three wheels, a canvas roof with drop-down sides, a small cabin in the front of the vehicle for the driver (sometimes called an auto-wallah), and seating space for up to three passengers in the rear. Newer models are generally fitted with a compressed natural gas (CNG) fuel scooter version of a 200 cc four-stroke engine, with handlebar controls instead of a steering wheel.
REGIONAL VARIATIONS
AFRICA
EASTERN AFRICA
There are tuk-tuks in several Kenyan towns. Using them is somewhat cheaper than ordinary taxis. However, tuk-tuks cannot operate in mountainous towns, which are common in Kenya. Fierce competition with Boda-bodas (bicycle taxis) and Matatus (minibuses) hinders popularity of Tuk-tuks, especially within the interior of Kenya. While they may not be widely found in Kenya, they are numerous in the coastal regions, which are less mountainous. For example, in the town of Malindi they offer an economical and convenient mode of transportation.
Tuk-tuks are also common in Ethiopia and are becoming common in Tanzania, particularly in the outer areas of Dar es Salaam. In Tanzania and Ethiopia they are known as "Bajaj" or "Bajajis", after the Bajaj Auto company which manufactures many of them. Since 2009, tuk-tuks have become common in Maputo, Mozambique.
EGYPT
In Egypt, auto rickshaws are called toktok (Egyptian Arabic: توك توك pronounced [ˈtoktok], plural: تكاتك takātek [tæˈkæːtek]); they are widely used as taxis in poorer neighborhoods of the capital, and have become a popular symbol for lower class Egyptians, although they are banned from the streets of wealthier neighborhoods. Deposed president Mohamed Morsi (June 2012-July 2013) in his opening speech addressed the Tuk-Tuk (toktok) drivers as a symbol of the lower class population, but his political rivals and mass media considered it as a mean of emotional deception for the masses by rendering what could be a promise to legalize their status.
MADAGASCAR
In Madagascar, man-pulled rickshaws are a common form of transportation in a number of cities, especially Antsirabe. They are known as "posy" from pousse-pousse, meaning push-push. Cycle rickshaws never took off, yet Posy are threatened by the auto-rickshaws, introduced in numbers since 2009. Provincial capitals like Toamasina, Mahajanga, Toliara, Antsiranana are taking to them rapidly. They are known as "bajaji" and now licenced to operate as taxis. They are not yet allowed an operating licence in the congested, and more pollution prone national capital, Antananarivo.
NIGERIA
There are keke-marwa's in several Nigerian towns and cities. Although not as popular as the ubiquitous "Okada" in Nigeria, keke-marwa's are embraced as an alternative means of transport by the middle and lower class citizens. Keke-marwa is named after Lagos former military Governor, Buba Marwa in the late 1990s.
SOUTH AFRICA
Tuk-tuks, introduced in Durban in the late 1980s enjoyed growing popularity in recent years, particularly in Gauteng.
SUDAN
Rickshaws are a major means of transport in all parts of Sudan, it's locally known as Raksha.
ASIA
BANGLADESH
Auto rickshaws (locally called "baby taxis" and more recently "CNGs" due to their fuel source) are one of the most popular modes of transport in Bangladesh mainly due to their size and speed. They are best suited to narrow, crowded streets, and are thus the principal means of covering longer distances within urban areas.
Earlier, auto rickshaws were colored black with a yellow canvas topping and ran on gasoline without any meter system. However, due to the vast supplies of natural gas in Bangladesh, the government has since encouraged the development of four-stroke compressed natural gas (CNG)-powered engines rather than the older two-stroke engine petrol-running models. Two-stroke engines had been identified as one of the leading sources of air pollution in Dhaka. Thus, since January 2003, traditional auto rickshaws were banned from the capital; only the new CNG-powered models were permitted to operate within the city limits. The newly manufactured CNG auto rickshaws are more fuel-efficient and have a lower center of gravity, making them safer than older models. All CNGs are painted green to signify that the vehicles are eco-friendly and that each one has a meter built in as standard.
Another version of the auto rickshaw can be seen in rural areas of Bangladesh, where they are called "helicopters". "Helicopters" are auto rickshaws modified to have a large body with which it can carry more than six or seven passengers.
At the end of the 1980s, a local company Atlas designed and built a new version of the auto rickshaw, called mishuk, a name derived from a children's mascot of a local deer. Unlike baby taxis, mishuks have spoke wheels and a green body, and have no meter system. Mishuks have more space than baby taxis or CNGs, which makes it more popular with women. They are commonly found in Dhaka and elsewhere in the country due to its four-stroke engine, which is not listed as a significant source of air pollution.
CAMBODIA
In Cambodia, the term tuk-tuk (Khmer: ទុកទុក) is used to refer to a motorcycle with a cabin attached to the rear. Cambodian cities have a much lower volume of automobile traffic than Thai cities, and tuk-tuks are still the most common form of urban transport. At the temple complex of Angkor, for example, tuk-tuks provide a convenient form of transport around the complex for tourists. One can hire a tuk-tuk and driver by the day.[citation needed]
Siem Reap tuk-tuks are generally of the style of motorcycle and trailer. This version does not have rear brakes.
Phnom Penh tuk-tuks are one piece. The one piece tuk-tuk is the front end of a motorcycle consisting of steering, tank and engine/gearbox with a covered tray mounted at the back. The power is transferred by chain to an axle mounted to the modified rear fork which drives the two rear wheels. Suspended upon the rear fork is an open cabin with an in-line seat on each side. This arrangement can carry 6 people at ease, with their luggage in the leg space. It is not unusual to see these vehicles greatly overloaded, especially in outer suburbs and around markets.
Sihanoukville tuk-tuks are generally a motorcycle and articulated trailer without rear brakes on the trailer. A minority of tuk-tuks are three wheeled. The rear wheel of the motorcycle is removed and the front of the bike is melded with a trailer. Power is supplied to the trailer wheels by a driveshaft and differential. Rear wheel brakes add significantly to the safety of this design, especially when going downhill.
Currently, Tuk Tuk in Cambodia is being developed to be more convenient and safer. It is also becoming a popular form of transportation for Phnom Penh residents.
Gaza
Together with the recent boom of recreational facilities in Gaza for the local residents, donkey carts have all but been displaced by tuk-tuks in 2010. Due to the ban by Israel on the import of most motorised vehicles, the tuk-tuks have had to be smuggled in parts through the tunnel network connecting Gaza with Egypt.
CHINA
Various types of auto rickshaw are used around China, where they are called 三轮 (Sān lún - three wheeler) or 嘟嘟车 (Dū dū chē - beep beep car).
In Hainan, the southernmost province, electric models are used in the capital Haikou. These may be heavy, purpose-built vehicles, or simple bicycles attached to a light chassis, with a small electric motor housed underneath.
In rural areas, a sturdy, petrol-powered, plastic-bodied type is common, similar to the Philippine motorized tricycle.
INDIA
OVERVIEW
Most cities offer auto rickshaw service, although hand-pulled rickshaws do exist in some areas, such as Kolkata.
Auto rickshaws are used in cities and towns for short distances; they are less suited to long distances because they are slow and the carriages are open to air pollution. Auto rickshaws (often called "autos") provide cheap and efficient transportation. Modern auto rickshaws run on compressed natural gas (CNG) and are environmentally friendly compared to full-sized cars.
It is also not uncommon in many parts of India (including major cities like Delhi) to see primary school children crammed into an auto-rickshaw, transporting them between home and school.
To augment speedy movement of traffic, Auto rickshaws are not allowed in the southern part of Mumbai.
DESIGN & MANUFACTURE
There are two types of autorickshaws in India. In older versions the engines were situated below the driver's seat, while in newer versions engines are located in the rear. They normally run on petrol, CNG and diesel. The seating capacity of a normal rickshaw is four, including the driver's seat. Six-seater rickshaws exist in different parts of the country, but the model was officially banned in the city of Pune 10 January 2003 by the Regional Transport Authority (RTA).
CNG autos are distinguishable from the earlier petrol-powered autos by a green and yellow livery, as opposed to the earlier black and yellow appearance. Certain local governments are advocating for four-stroke engines instead of the current two-stroke versions.
Auto rickshaw manufacturers in India include Bajaj Auto, Kumar Motors, Kerala Automobiles Limited, Force Motors (previously Bajaj Tempo), Mahindra & Mahindra, Piaggio Ape and TVS Motors.
LEGISLATION
Generally rickshaw fares are controlled by the government.
INDONESIA
In Indonesia, auto rickshaws are popular in Jakarta, Medan, Java, and Sulawesi. In Jakarta, the auto rickshaws are similar to the ones in India but are colored blue and orange. Outside of Jakarta the bentor-style auto rickshaw is more ubiquitous, with the passenger cabin mounted as a sidecar to a motorcycle. Where these sidecar style auto rickshaws do occur in Jakarta they are not referred to as bentor, but rather as bajaj (bajai). They were also popular in East Java until the end of the 20th century and were known as a bemo.
LAOS
Lao tuk-tuks come as tuk-tuks or jumbo tuk-tuks. Jumbos have a larger 3- or 4-cylinder four-stroke engine, and many are powered by Daihatsu engines. Jumbos' larger engine and cabin size allow for greater loads, up to 12 persons, and higher top speeds. Jumbos are (with few exceptions) only found in Vientiane and Luang Prabang.
NEPAL
Auto rickshaws were the popular mode of transport in Nepal during the 1980s and 1990s, till Nepal Government decided to ban the movement of 600 such vehicles in the early 2000. Earliest model of auto rickshaw running in Kathmandu were manufactured by Bajaj Auto. Nepal has been a popular destination for Rickshaw Run. The 2009 Fall Run took place in Goa, India and concluded in Pokhara, Nepal.
PAKISTAN
Auto rickshaws are a popular mode of transport in Pakistani towns and is mainly used for traveling short distances within cities. One of the major brands of auto rickshaws is Vespa (an Italian Company). Lahore is hub of CNG Auto rikshaws manufacturers in Pakistan.The government of Pakistan is taking measures to convert all the gasoline run auto-rickshaws to more effective CNG rickshaw by 2015 in all the major cities of Pakistan by issuing easy loans through commercial banks. Environment Canada is implementing pilot projects in Lahore, Karachi and Quetta with engine technology developed in Mississauga, Ontario, Canada that uses CNG instead of gasoline in the two-stroke engines, in an effort to combat environmental pollution and noise levels.
In many cities in Pakistan, there are also motorcycle rickshaws, usually called chand gari (moon car) or Chingchi (after the Chinese company Jinan Qingqi Motorcycle Co. Ltd who first introduced these to the market).
Rickshaws are forbidden in the capital, Islamabad.
Auto rickshaws have had a history of displaying political statements. In February 2013, that legacy was modified to promote peace. According to Syed Ali Abbas Zaidi, head of the Pakistan Youth Alliance, "We need to take back this romanticized art form and use it for peace sloganeering and conflict resolution."
Manufacturers There are many companies involving in Rickshaw manufacturing in Pakistan, some of them are, AECO Export Company, STAHLCO Motors, Global Sources, Parhiyar Automobiles, Global Ledsys Technologies, Siwa Industries, Prime Punjab Automobiles, Murshid Farm Industries, Sazgar Automobiles, NTN Enterprises, Imperial Engineering Company
PHILLIPINES
Auto rickshaws are an especially popular form of public transportation in the Philippines, where they are referred to as "tricycles" (Filipino: traysikel; Cebuano: traysikol). In the Philippines, the design and configuration of tricycles varies widely from place to place, but tends towards rough standardization within each municipality. The usual design is a passenger or cargo sidecar fitted to a motorcycle, usually on the right of the motorcycle. It is rare to find one with a left sidecar. Tricycles can carry five passengers or more in the sidecar, one or two pillion passengers behind the motorcycle driver, and even a few on the roof of the sidecar. Tricycles are one of the main contributors to air pollution in the Philippines, since majority of them employ two-stroke motorcycles. However, some local governments are working towards phasing out two-stroke-powered tricycles for ones with cleaner four-stroke motorcycles.
SRI LANKA
Auto rickshaws, commonly known as three-wheelers and more recently tuk-tuk, can be found on all roads in Sri Lanka from the curvy roads through the hill country to the congested roads of Colombo transporting locals, foreigners, or freight about. Sri Lankan three-wheelers are of the style of the light Phnom Penh type. Most of the three-wheelers in Sri Lanka are a slightly modified Indian Bajaj model, imported from India though there are few manufactured locally and increasingly imports from other countries in the region and other brands of three-wheelers such as Piaggio. In 2007 January the Sri Lankan government imposed a ban on all 2-stroke three-wheelers, due to environmental concerns and therefore the ones imported to the island now are the ones with four-stroke engines. Most three-wheelers are available as hiring vehicles, with few being used to haul goods and as private company or advertising vehicles. Bajaj enjoys a virtual monopoly in the island, with its agent being David Pieries Motor Co Ltd. A few three-wheelers in Sri Lanka have distance meters, and in the capital city it is becoming more and more common, however the vast majority of charges are negotiated between the passenger and driver.
THAILAND
The auto rickshaw, called tuk-tuk (Thai: ตุ๊กตุ๊ก, pronounced "took-took") or sam-lor (Thai: สามล้อ) meaning three-wheeler in Thailand, is a widely used form of urban transport in Bangkok and other Thai cities. It is particularly popular where traffic congestion is a major problem, such as in Bangkok and Nakhon Ratchasima. The name is onomatopoeic, mimicking the sound of a small (often two-cycle) engine. An equivalent English term would be "putt-putt."
Bangkok and other cities in Thailand have many tuk-tuks which are a more open variation on the Indian auto-rickshaw. There are no meters, and trip costs are negotiated in advance. Bangkok fares have risen to nearly equal normal taxis due to uninformed foreigners willing to pay the asking price, but leaves passengers more exposed to environmental pollution than taxis. The solid roof is so low that the tuk-tuk is a difficult touring vehicle. Today few locals take one unless they are burdened with packages or travelling in a big group for short distances.
The Thai tuk-tuk is starting to change from the old smoke-spewing vehicle of yesteryear. Many Thai tuk-tuk manufacturers now produce low emission vehicles, and even old ones are having new engines fitted along with LPG conversions. In an early morning of Bangkok, these same passenger vehicles can be seen busily transporting fresh produce around the city. Newer tuk-tuks also have wet weather sides to keep passengers and drivers dry.
The Thai auto-rikshaw manufacturers are, Monika Motors Ltd., TukTuk (Thailand) Co., Ltd., TukTuk Forwerder Co., Ltd. Bangkok and MMW Tuk-Tuks Co.,Ltd. in Hua Hin. Smaller manufacturers are the Chinnaraje Co., Ltd. in Chiang Mai and the Expertise Co., Ltd. in Chonburi which manufactures its models in Komaki, Japan, also.
VIETNAM
Known locally as xe lam, the vernacular pronunciation of the Lambro from the Lambretta line by Innocenti of Italy, these vehicles were very popular in the 1960s and 1970s, especially the urban centers of South Vietnam. Over time the authorities have moved to limit their use.
Xe lam with 1-wheel forward and 2-aft were designed to carry passengers whereas other variants with 2-forward and 1-aft, used mostly to transport goods are known as Xe ba gác máy. The motorized version of cycle rickshaw is the Xích lô máy is of the same design.
EUROPE
FRANCE
A number of Tuk-tuks ( 250 in 2013 according to the Paris Prefecture)are used as an alternative tourist transport system in Paris, some off them being pedal operated with the help of an electric engine. They are not yet fully licenced to operate and await customers on the streets. 'Velos taxis' were common during the Occupation years in Paris due to fuel restrictions.
ITALY
Auto rickshaws have been commonly used in Italy since the late 1940s, providing a low-cost means of transportation in the post-World-War-II years when the country was short of economic resources. The Piaggio Ape, designed by Vespa creator Corradino D'Ascanio and first manufactured in 1948 by the Italian company Piaggio, though primarily designed for carrying freight has also been widely used as an auto rickshaw. It is still extremely popular throughout the country, being particularly useful in the narrow streets found in the center of many little towns in central and southern Italy. Though it no longer has a key role in transportation, Piaggio Ape is still used as a minitaxi in some areas such as the islands of Ischia and Stromboli (on Stromboli no cars are allowed). It has recently been re-launched as a trendy-ecological means of transportation, or, relying on the role the Ape played in the history of Italian design, as a promotional tool. Since 2006 the Ape has been produced under licence in India.
NETHERLANDS
Since 2007, tuk-tuks have been active in the Netherlands, starting with Amsterdam. They now operate in Amersfoort, Amsterdam, The Hague, Zandvoort, Bergen op Zoom, the popular beach resort Renesse and Rotterdam. The tuk-tuks in the Netherlands are imported from India and Thailand. They are fitted with CNG engines and have passed the EURO-4 rules.
UNITED KINGDOM
The first Tuk Tuks to enter service in the United Kingdom were supplied and built by MMW Imports in 1999, under the brand name MMW Tuk Tuks. The very first Private Hire licence was issued to an MMW Tuk Tuk for tours of Bath in the year 2000, MMW also gained full Hackney license in Weston-super-Mare. MMW also now export Tuk Tuks from Thailand to the Netherlands, Germany, Spain, New Zealand and Australia. All the MMW range are built in their own factory in Thailand and are custom made for each customer's needs; hence no two tuk tuks are the same, and they come fully customized as per required spec.
Tukshop of Southampton started the commercial importing of Tuk Tuks into the UK in 2003, which resulted in many people being inspired to set up taxi-type operations in a number of cities including Blackpool, Brighton and Leeds. Tukshop failed to gain a taxi operator license for London after a number of media appearances in 2004. The company, founded by mrsteve, are specialists in experiential marketing using the iconic three-wheelers for street marketing campaigns. Clients of Tukshop include many household names, such as T Mobile, Harrods, Universal Pictures, O2, BBC, Freeview, Price Waterhouse Coopers, Tiger Beer & Grolsch lager. Tukshop have imported and put over one hundred tuk tuks on the roads of the UK and Europe between starting the business and Oct 2010. The company currently stocks models from Piaggio & Bajaj, including the commercial versions such as the TM Van.
A Bajaj tuk tuk is currently operated by Bangwallop of Salcombe, South Devon. Taking just two passengers at a time, the tuk tuk has an operator's licence issued by VOSA and trips can be booked in advance.[citation needed]
Auto rickshaws were introduced to the city of Brighton and Hove on 10 July 2006 by entrepreneur Dominic Ponniah's company Tuctuc Ltd, who had the idea after seeing the vehicles used in India and Sri Lanka. They were CNG-powered, using a four-speed (plus reverse) 175 cc engine. Under the terms of their license, the Bajas ran on a fixed single route, and stopped only at designated stops. They are of the same design as traditional auto rickshaws in other countries.
An investigation was launched into Tuctuc Ltd's operation of the service after complaints were raised, primarily by the city's taxi drivers, that routes, stopping points and timetables were not being adhered to. In November 2006, the company was fined £16,500 – the maximum penalty possible – by the South East Traffic Commissioner. After amendments were made to the timetable to reduce delays and improve reliability, the Commissioner allowed the company to keep its operating license. However, the company announced in January 2008 that it was ceasing operations, citing "archaic legislation" as the reason.
In the Scottish capital, Edinburgh, there is a new street food restaurant called Tuk Tuk Indian Street Food, that has its own branded Tuk Tuks, which are used for marketing around the town and picking up customers on special occasions.
CENTRAL AMERICA
EL SALVADOR
The mototaxi or moto is the El Salvadoran version of the auto rickshaw. These are most commonly made from the front end and engine of a motorcycle attached to a two-wheeled passenger area in back. Commercially produced models, such as the Indian Bajaj brand, are also employed.
GUATEMALA
In Guatemala the commercial vehicles are referred to as tuk-tuks. Tuk-tuks operate, both as taxis and private vehicles, in Guatemala City, Guatemala, around the island town of Flores, Peten, in the mountain city of Antigua Guatemala, and in many small towns in the mountains. In 2005 the tuk-tuks prevalent in the Lago de Atitlán towns of Panajachel and Santiago Atitlán all appeared to be from India (Bajaj Auto).
HONDURAS
Three-wheeled all-in-one tuk-tuks are used in the place of traditional taxis in most rural towns and villages.
NICARAGUA
As of 2011 there were an estimated 5,000 mototaxis, popularly known as "caponeras".
CARIBBEAN
Three-wheeled Coco taxis in Havana, Cuba
CUBA
Three-wheeled Coco taxis, named for their resemblance to a coconut, are used in Havana, Cuba.
SOUTH AMERICA
ECUADOR
The mototaxi is the Ecuatorian version of the auto rickshaw. These are most commonly made from the front end and engine of a motorcycle attached to a two-wheeled passenger area in back.
PERU
It is a common sight in the rural areas, towns and cities of Peru to see auto rickshaws, locally known as "mototaxis," "motokars", "taxi cholo", or "cholotaxi" lining up to pick up passengers as their fares are generally lower than car taxis. They are also in the capital, Lima, but they are usually restricted to the peripheral districts. The "jungle" cities and towns in eastern Peru are famous for their prevalence of auto rickshaws. This vehicle, usually running on regular unleaded gasoline, is the main non-private transport vehicle, and is known as "motocarro", "mototaxi" or "tuk-tuk" (for foreigners).
Many of the jungle areas of eastern Peru can be extremely noisy as a result of poorly maintained auto rickshaws and other 2 or 3-wheel vehicles, especially in high traffic or hilly areas. Auto-rickshaw brands such as the Indian-made Bajaj, which use GLP [a form of liquified petroleum gas which some car taxis also use] are much quieter.
NORTH AMERICA
UNITED STATES
Tuk Tuks were introduced to the United States through Tuk Tuk North America of Swainsboro, Georgia. As early as 2006, Mr. Roy Jordan, the owner of Tuk Tuk North America, began working with both the U.S. federal government and manufacturers in Thailand to configure a tuk tuk that was cost effective but adaptable to meet or exceed U.S. Department of Transportation regulations. He was able to contract a manufacturer who could make imported tuk tuks that could meet all necessary federal regulations in the U.S. Original products were imported from Thailand and were gas propelled. Due to the changing regulations of the Environmental Protection Agency, the introduction of imported gas-propelled tuk tuks was short-lived. Due to such changes, in 2009 Tuk Tuk North America decided to go dormant in its importing of gas propelled tuk tuks into the U.S.
However, with the growing emphasis on sustainable “green” energy and the recognition of the continuing rising oil prices, in 2011 the project's short dormancy was rejuvenated being redirected towards introduction of a complete line of all-electric tuk tuks. The line included eight models of "street legal" tuk tuks including passenger, utility, and delivery vehicles. These were offered under the manufacturer’s new name, Electro Technologies LLC, and marketed and sold exclusively through Tuk Tuk Transport LLC of Lenoir City, Tennessee, under the leadership of C. Phillip Tallant.
Prior to 2013, the greatest obstacle to commercial transportation usage of the electric tuk tuks created by Electro Technologies was addressed in mid 2013 by providing a means by which ET Tuk Tuks could be in service 24/7. With this advancement grew the opportunity for formation of Tuk Tuk of America, a company by which partnering affiliates across the U.S. could begin their own local niche urban mobility transportation company with guaranteed protected territories.
FUEL EFFICIENCY & POLLUTION
In July 1998, the Supreme Court of India ordered the Delhi government to implement CNG or LPG (Autogas) fuel for all autos and for the entire bus fleet in and around the city.[citation needed] Delhi's air quality has improved with the switch to CNG. Initially, auto rickshaw drivers in Delhi had to wait in long queues for CNG refueling, but the situation has improved with the increase of CNG stations. Certain local governments are pushing for four-stroke engines instead of the current two-stroke versions. Typical mileage for an Indian-made auto rickshaw is around 35 kilometers per liter of petrol (about 2.9 L per 100 km, or 82 miles per gallon [United States (wet measure), 100 miles per gallon Imperial (United Kingdom, Canada)]. Pakistan has passed a similar law prohibiting auto rickshaws in certain areas. CNG auto rickshaws have started to appear in huge numbers in many Pakistani cities.
In January 2007 the Sri Lankan government also banned two-stroke trishaws to reduce air pollution. In the Philippines there are projects to convert carburated two-stroke engines to direct-injected via Envirofit technology. Research has shown LPG or CNG gas direct-injection to be retrofit-able to existing engines in similar fashion to the Envirofit system. In Vigan City majority of tricycles-for-hire as of 2008 are powered by motorcycles with four-stroke engines, as tricycles with two-stroke motorcycles are prevented from receiving operating permits. Direct injection is standard equipment on new machines in India.
In March 2009 an international consortium coordinated by the International Centre for Hydrogen Energy Technologies initiated a two-year public-private partnership of local and international stakeholders aiming at operating a fleet of 15 hydrogen-fueled three-wheeled vehicles in New Delhi's Pragati Maidan complex. As of January 2011, the project was upon completion.
In the meantime, in October, 2011, the Department of Transportation for the U.S. approved the complete 2012 series of American made, all-electric tuk tuks by Electro Technologies. Chassis were still being shipped in from Thailand, but now with the inclusion of all electrical components as manufactured only in the U.S. with assembly completed in Chattanooga, Tennessee. The American made electric tuk tuks were unique in that they were charged through common 110v outlets providing a range of 60 to 100(+) miles per charge (depending upon model and conditions) with a recharge time between 4 to 6 hours. The Electro Technologies Tuk Tuks topped out at 40 miles per hour which perfectly addresses the needs of their design; niche urban mobile transportation.
The greatest obstacle to daily usage in niche urban mobile commercial transportation was addressed in 2013 by Electro Technologies when they introduced their quick-release battery pack allowing for restoration of 100% power availability in just a few short minutes. This commercial upgrade allowed niche urban transportation businesses to operate 24/7 with no interruption to business.
TRAFFIC ISSUES
Auto rickshaws have a top-speed of around 50 km/h (about 31 mph) and a cruising speed of around 35 km/h (22 mph), much slower than the automobiles they share the road with. Traffic authorities in big cities try to implement mechanisms to reduce the resulting traffic slowing, but none have proven effective.
The MMW Tuk Tuk has a top speed of around 70 mph and with the introduction of the new turbo will have much improved acceleration, to allow for increased speed these Tuk Tuks have anti-roll bars and are fitted with disc brakes.
The triangular form of the vehicle makes maneuvering easy, with the single front wheel negotiating the available gap, and the rear two wheels forcing a larger space. Care must be taken even at low speeds, however, because of the stability problems of three-wheeler vehicles with a single front wheel. Such a "delta"-configuration three-wheeler can easily roll if the driver turns while braking.
In the Philippines, 2-stroke motor tricycle such as Yamaha RS-100T can give a top speed of 55 km/h (one passenger in the sidecar), or 30–40 km/h (full passengers in the sidecar).
More powerful four-stroke motor tricycles such as Honda TMX & Yamaha STX & Bajaj CT-100 can give a top speed up to 70–85 km/h (special trip/one passenger) or 40–50 km/h (full passengers).
RACING
Due to their relatively low top-speed, auto rickshaws have never lent themselves to conventional road or street racing. However, their modest speed, simple construction and impressive fuel economy has endeared them to the international amateur adventuring community, most notably with the Rickshaw Run and also the Indian Autorickshaw Challenge, and even off-road racing with the Apecar competitions in Italy. A Tuk Tuk built by Art In Motion, LLC competed in the 2008 Fireball Run II – Back to the Track
PORTRAYAL IN MEDIA
Auto rickshaws are often portrayed in Indian films (Auto Shankar, Basha, Aye Auto, Oram Po, Hero Hiralal) as well as some Hollywood and foreign productions such as the James Bond film Octopussy, the Canada-India film Amal and the Indonesian movie Pembalasan Rambu. Auto rickshaws are also prominent in the fuel-poor London of 2027 A.D. depicted in Children of Men. A memorable tuk-tuk chase features in the Thai film Ong-Bak: Muay Thai Warrior, climaxing with many of them driving off the edge of an unfinished elevated expressway. The video games Just Cause 2, Stuntman, Far Cry 4 and Battlefield: Bad Company 2: Vietnam feature Tuk-Tuks as drivable vehicles. James Bond (Pierce Brosnan) rides in a tuk-tuk in a Visa Card commercial.
WIKIPEDIA
This is one of two specially configured Boeing 747-200B aircrafts that are part of the presidential air transport fleet. When the president is aboard either aircraft, or any Air Force aircraft, it is called "Air Force One." Tail number 29000 is seen here taxing out toward the runway at Montevideo's Carrasco International Airport. The president and Mrs. Bush were aboard. [Best viewed larger size]
Operating out of nearby Cambridge Teversham, another shot of ex DRA 'drone configured' De Havilland (Hawker-Siddeley) Sea Vixen D.3 XP924/G-CVIX, this time tucking up the gear while performing at the Duxford Air Show on the 6th of May 2001.
Now back in FAW.2 configuration and painted in full Fleet Air Arm colours she really looks the part but her future is in the balance.
Apparently the owner is willing to 'gift' this totally unique aeroplane - the only example flying anywhere in the world - to the Royal Navy Historic Flight, as long as the necessary sponsorship can be put in place.
Let's hope so!
Scanned 35mm transparency
The YRF-4C prototype (serial number 62-12200) was used as the prototype for the F-4E, the cannon-armed Phantom. When 62-12200 was finished with its testing duties, it was selected by NASA for use as a fly-by-wire (FBW) control system testbed. The camera ports of the RF-4C nose were faired over, and a FBW system was fitted. The aircraft became known as the Precision Aircraft Control Technology (PACT) demonstrator. It made its first flight with the new FBW system on April 29, 1972. For the initial flight tests, the FBW system was backed up by conventional mechanical controls, but as confidence was obtained with continued flight testing, this backup was eventually eliminated. The PACT demonstrator made its first fully-FBW flight on January 22, 1973.
Following the successful completion of the FBW tests, 62-12200 was selected for Control Configured Vehicle (CCV) research. For this program, it was fitted with a set of canard tailplanes mounted on the upper air intakes. These tailplanes had 20 degrees of movement. The first flight in the CCV configuration took place on April 29, 1974. In order to move the center of gravity to the rear and to destabilize the aircraft in pitch, lead ballast was added to the rear fuselage. A total of 30 test flights were made.
Following the completion of the CCV program, 62-12200 was retired from service. It was donated to the US Air Force Museum at Wright-Patterson AFB on December 5, 1978. It is now on display there.
Info courtesy www.f4.nl.
VIP configured A9C-BDF under tow at Norwich Int. Airport (NWI) after arriving the previous day for maintenance.
Model: Avro 146-RJ85
Manufacturer: BAe Systems
Year built: 2001
Construction number: E.2390
Registration number: A9C-BDF
Owner: Bahrain Amiri Flight
Delivery Date: 9th. November 2001
Flight crew: 2
Seats: VIP configuration
Length: 93 ft. 8.5 in. (28.55 m)
Height: 28 ft. 2.5 in. (8.61 m)
Wingspan: 86 ft. 5 in. (26.34 m)
Wing area: 832 sq. ft. (77.3 m2)
Operating empty weight: 54,230 lb. (24,600 kg)
MTOW: 93,000 lb. (42,184 kg)
Max payload: 24,760 lb. (11,233 kg)
Fuel capacity: 2,580 gal. (11,728 litres)
Engines: 4 x Honeywell LF 507-1F turbofans
Engine thrust: 4 x 6,990 lb. (31.1 kN)
Max speed: 426 knots (490 mph - 789 km/h)
Cruise speed: 404 knots: (465 mph - 748 km/h)
Ceiling: 35,000 ft (10,668 m)
Range: 1,970 nm (2,267 miles - 3,648 km)
Take-off distance: 4,560 ft. (1,390 m)
Landing distance: 3,900 ft. (1,188 m)
Also registered as:
G-6-390, test registration
ex German Air Force Lockheed F-104G CCV at the Wehrtechnische Studiensammlung in Koblenz, Germany.
98+36 (formerly 23+91, c/n 8100) was a testbed for MBB's Control Configured Vehicle (CCV) flight control system.
Having completed its B Exam at Wembley Inter City Depot, GBRf Class 92, 92 038, heads back north to Glasgow to resume Mk5 testing on 0S11 Crewe Basford Hall to Polmadie Carriage Maintenance Depot. 038 had earlier moved 90 048 from Wembley to Basford Hall on 0Z93 as part of the periodic swap of Freightliner 90s on-hire to GBRf for the Sleeper.
Whilst six Class 92s now have the CAF mods (including Dellners) 92038 is currently the only Class 92 with its ETS reconfigured to 1500V to power the Mk5s. This was the original ETS supply the 92s were designed with for the ill-fated Nightstar stock, but they were modified back in 2015 to provide 'classic' 900V ETS for the existing Mk3/Mk2 stock. The remaining 'Dellner' 92s will have their ETS configured to 1500V in due course, but for now are set to 900V so they can work the Mk3s/Mk2s.
92038 will now be involved in what is likely to be intensive testing of the Mk5 stock prior to the planned introduction on Lowlander services on 28th October (2018).
Seen at Kirkby Stephen is preserved WJC Buses Alexander Y bodied AEC Reliance, VMP 10G.
New to RTITB in June 1969, numbered 24 and configured to DP57F.
Seen here is Longridge Coaches, Plaxton President bodied Dennis Trident X704 JVV.
This was new to Stagecoach Cambus in December 2000, numbered 704 and configured to B49/29F.
The Remington Model 870 Modular Combat Shotgun (MCS) is a specialized shotgun that can be quickly configured for various roles without tools due to Remington’s innovative REM LOC Quick Change Stock System. The Remington 870 MCS seen here is configured as a close quarters breaching tool that can be used to defeat door locks, padlocks, and hinges. Remington designed the 870 MCS for military and law enforcement users that required a highly adaptable operator level modular shotgun. Operators can assemble the MCS quickly and without tools to match unfolding tactical situations. With the MCS an operator can configure the shotgun as an accessory weapon, a ballistic breaching tool, a close quarter battle (CQB) weapon, or a high capacity conventional shotgun. The Remington 870 MCS provides many advantages, including the consolidation of multiple military and law enforcement shotgun needs in a single weapons system. Delivered in kit form the MCS comes with 10, 14, and 18 inch barrels, various stock options, and different capacity tube magazines. The breaching version shown here has a 10 inch barrel, pistol grip, a three round capacity magazine tube (four rounds total with one loaded in the chamber), and six round capacity side mounted ammunition carrier. The MCS kit can be carried in a discreet cloth carrying bag or protective hard case. The Remington 870 MCS is currently known to be used by U.S. Air Force Security Forces, U.S. Coast Guard, United States Army Special Forces Command, United States Naval Special Warfare Command, United States Marshals Service, United States Federal Bureau of Investigation, and many other U.S. and international military and law enforcement agencies.
The Palace of La Mosquera, also known as the Palace of the Infante Don Luis de Borbón, is a neoclassical palace from the end of the 18th century, located in the municipality of Arenas de San Pedro, province of Ávila, Spain. It was built by the Infante Don Luis Antonio de Borbón y Farnesio, sixth son of Felipe V and brother of Carlos III who, exiled from the Madrid court after contracting a morganatic marriage with María Teresa Vallabriga, moved his residence from the Boadilla del Monte Palace in Madrid to the town of Arenas de San Pedro.
History
The prince arrived with his family in Arenas de San Pedro in 1778, and decided to settle at first in the Lletget house, then in the Old Palace, the Palace of the Ladies, in addition to carrying out the works to channel the Guisete stream.1 In 1779 he commissioned the project of a new palace to the renowned architect Ventura Rodríguez.2 The Madrid architect would supervise the completion of the project, but delegated its execution to four collaborators:3 the architect Mateo Guill, the master builder of the Infante Alfonso Regalado , and the brothers Ignacio and Domingo Tomás.3 The scale of the project and the advanced age of Don Luis meant that the project was never completed.
The eight years that the Infante lived in this Palace were the period of greatest cultural splendor in the town. The Infante, a great lover of art, history and science and considered one of the most important patrons and collectors of the kingdom, made an important contribution to national art and the development of Arenas de San Pedro, summoning distinguished European travelers and numerous artists: composers such as Luigi Boccherini, architects such as Ventura Rodríguez and painters such as Francisco de Goya, who would immortalize the magnificent surroundings of the Sierra de Gredos in his paintings. Don Luis gathered in the Arenas palace a rich, original and varied collection of paintings, prints, drawings and sculptures. A lover of history and science, he created a complete Natural History Cabinet and a splendid library, which undoubtedly must have made a great impression on visitors at the time.
The prince died in Arenas de San Pedro on August 7, 1785. The palace was emptied of all its contents between 1785 and 1796, occupied by Napoleonic troops in 1809 during the Spanish War of Independence and converted into a minor seminary between 1868 and 1869 , was sold by his heirs and destined for a seminary until 1972, a period during which it underwent important changes in its internal distribution. The palace was finally bought in 1988 by the Arenas de San Pedro City Council, which proceeded to rehabilitate and enhance the entire complex. In recent times, the palace and its surroundings have been used as an exhibition gallery,4 catwalk for fashion shows5 or as a stage for dance festivals and concerts.6
Description
The building, built between 1780 and 1783, is characterized by its neoclassical layout. Following the characteristic order of palatial architecture, it presents a closed plan, articulated around an interior patio whose center is occupied by a pyramidal fountain. The plan is arranged in five bays parallel to the main façade, the central one being where the stairway and patios are located. In turn, these bays are cut by other perpendicular ones, ordering and dividing the plan into well-proportioned quadrilateral rooms, completely regular, where the axis becomes the protagonist. The façade shows the obvious traces of an unfinished building that uses characteristic materials from its surroundings such as gray granite and Tiétar sand plaster.
On the outside, the palace stands out for its elegant proportions, ordering its three levels with clearly palatial horizontal lines. The towers that rise above the roof and finish off the corners give the palace an El Escorial appearance, reminiscent of the one projected by Ventura Rodríguez in his palace in Boadilla del Monte. Initially, four towers were planned, one in each corner, but finally only two of them could be built. This sober and orderly character characterizes its exterior, where the portico stands out for its monumentality. The main entrance to the palace is through this beautiful portico of classical proportions designed by Ignacio Tomás in granite stone, conceived as a triumphal arch made up of three arches with six Doric columns and a balcony with a balustrade and which gives access to the hall. The hallway allows access to the stair space, a double-height square space covered by a vault and delimited by a perimeter archway with balconies, which is configured by its elegant proportions as one of the fundamental pieces of the palace.
The palace limits to the west with the Casa de Oficios and the stables. The Casa de Oficios, intended for the servants of the Infante, is inspired by the project designed by Ventura Rodríguez for the Post Office in Puerta del Sol in Madrid. Built in masonry and brick, initially divided into thirteen apartments, this parallelogram comprises a ground floor and a top floor. The lower floor is articulated around a central courtyard. In the basement of the House, were the stables of the palace, where a simple fountain designed by Ventura Rodríguez was also planned.
An important part of the project was made up of the gardens, whose design presented a typology close to the ornamental gardens of the Farm, planted with “broderie” flower beds, articulated around circular fountains of very elaborate typology, such as the fountain of the dolphins, in preserved part, designed by Ventura Rodríguez.
In addition to its wealth of heritage, Arenas de San Pedro is a site of tourist interest due to its famous Águila Caves, discovered in 1963 and located just six kilometres from the town.
Population: 6,454 (2018) National Statistics Institute
In the centre, the impressive Don Álvaro de Luna castle can be found, with its large keep, along with a Gothic church from the 16th century, Nuestra Señora de la Asunción, with a magnificent bell tower, and the Infante don Luis de Borbón palace.
Wikipedia
Canon EOS 50D, Sigma 30mm f/1.4 lens @ f/16, ISO 400, six seconds exposure using full manual, tripod. Cropped and white balanced using Aperture 3.
This is our home theater core; a Marantz AV7005, which is a preamp / processor unit, and nine MA700 monoblock amplifiers configured for 2,000 watts RMS.
The AV7005 is a current (as of the end of 2011) model; the MA700's are a generation back, but still work with the AV7005's remote control system (D-Bus.)
I've set it all up as a 7.1 system with center, fronts, surrounds and backs at 8 ohms and 200 watts RMS each, while the sub is a pair of series-parallel units presenting eight ohms, with a bridged pair of MA700s dedicated to them capable of 600 watts RMS.
—
I wasn't actually ready to go and do this, but our Denon receiver in the library was "gifted" with some cat vomit through the top cooling vents; I didn't know it had happened, because the back of the receiver was through-wall and in a closet. So the Denon just kept on working until eventually, the acid in the vomit actually ate through some of the Denon's wiring. Nice, eh? Silly cat. So the Denon went downstairs into my shop, where it will likely sit until the weather warms up (our basement is cold! [finally got around to fixing it, March of 2013]), my Sony receiver moved from the theater to the library, and I picked up the Marantz gear to serve in the theater. I can't say I'm depressed over the upgrade, but this wasn't exactly how I thought it would come about. :)
AV7005
----------
The AV7005 is an 9.1 / 7.1 / 5.1 / stereo preamp-processor. It offers USB, XPort, six HDMI inputs, two HDMI outputs, four component inputs, two component outputs, five composite inputs, three composite outputs, two coaxial audio inputs, two optical audio inputs, an optical audio output for recording, a 7.1 channel "aux" input, AM, FM, HD/AM and HD/FM, Internet radio, Pandora client, upnp/DLNA media client, Rhapsody client, iPod/iPad client, Sirius satellite radio client, Apple Airplay client, USB media client, balanced and unbalanced outputs, D-Bus remote control, RS-232 remote control for automation, and 12v trigger in and out for things like screen drop/retract automation, dual front panel displays (one may be hidden), and an illuminated learning remote. It pulls about 60 watts maximum, or 0.2 watts on standby, with a linear power supply that eliminates RFI problems associated with switchers. It uses a wired Ethernet connection for its network functions, may be configured for DHCP or static network connections, and can be remote controlled from a web page provided by an on-board web server, or via a telnet connection if you want to handle things programatically. Both full-page and iPod sized web control systems are provided. It can drive two video zones and three audio zones. It features Audyssey room measurement and compensation, along with by-mode and by-input channel level, tone and equalization. It also has a built-in high end headphone amp (very useful on a unit that has no main amplifiers.) DTS: [HD Master&High Res. Audio/ES/96/24/Discrete&Matrix6.1/Neo:6/Express] Dolby: [True HD/Digital Plus&EX/Pro Logic IIz, IIx, II/Virtual Speaker/Headphone] SACD decode. 192 KHz / 24-bit D/A and A/D conversion. Freq. Response 10 Hz-100 KHz +1/-3 dB. FM mono, 78 dB s/n. FM stereo, 68 dB s/n. HD radio (AM or FM) 85 dB s/n. Component video response, 5 Hz-60 MHz, +0/-3 dB. 22 lbs. Marantz provides a 3-year warranty for the unit to the original purchaser. An optional add-on, the RX101, allows the AV7005 to serve as a bluetooth client. System firmware upgrades are done via Ethernet, and take about five minutes on my 30 Mb/sec connection.
MA700
---------
200 watts RMS into 8 ohms, 300 watts RMS into 4 ohms, or 600 watts RMS, bridged pair, into 8 ohms. Maximum .02% THD at full rated power, or less. Similar amplifier topology to the Marantz 15 amplifier designed by Sid Smith, except the MA700 adds a JFET differential pair cascoded with bipolar devices. D-Bus remote control; THX reference gain setting, THX certified. Unbalanced inputs, binding post outputs. Frequency response is -0.1 dB at 10 Hz, -0.07 dB at 20 KHz, and -0.5 dB at 85 KHz, all measured at one watt. Channel separation is unmeasurable and channel power vampirism is zero (monoblocks FTW), noise is 110 dB down. Absolute noise floor with input shorted is in the 5-75 uV range up to 200 KHz, except between 10 Hz and 40 Hz, where it is in the 420 nV-4uV range. Outputs are triple-parallel bipolar power devices. Power supply is classical linear, so no RFI issues. Protection is smart, with the amp choosing between protection options that include a lower voltage output winding on the power transformer, muting, speaker disconnection, or AC disconnection, depending on the problem type. Sensors monitor DC levels in the signal path, output voltage, and amplifier temperature. D-Bus remote start incorporates a 100 ms delay before passing the signal on, resulting in time-sequenced power up of multiple amplifiers and consequent lower peak source current draw. Standby (red), operate (green), settling (flashing green) LED indicators and hard power switch on front panel.
Configuring two MA700's as a bridged pair is easy: Using the provided switch, set one as master, the other as slave; plug the master's inverted audio output into the slave's normal audio input; jumper the (-) speaker terminals together; wire the speaker (+) to the master (+) and the speaker (-) to the slave (+), plug the preamp output into the master's audio input, and you're done.
See more photos of this, and the Wikipedia article.
Details, quoting from Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum | Space Shuttle Enterprise:
Manufacturer:
Rockwell International Corporation
Country of Origin:
United States of America
Dimensions:
Overall: 57 ft. tall x 122 ft. long x 78 ft. wing span, 150,000 lb.
(1737.36 x 3718.57 x 2377.44cm, 68039.6kg)
Materials:
Aluminum airframe and body with some fiberglass features; payload bay doors are graphite epoxy composite; thermal tiles are simulated (polyurethane foam) except for test samples of actual tiles and thermal blankets.
The first Space Shuttle orbiter, "Enterprise," is a full-scale test vehicle used for flights in the atmosphere and tests on the ground; it is not equipped for spaceflight. Although the airframe and flight control elements are like those of the Shuttles flown in space, this vehicle has no propulsion system and only simulated thermal tiles because these features were not needed for atmospheric and ground tests. "Enterprise" was rolled out at Rockwell International's assembly facility in Palmdale, California, in 1976. In 1977, it entered service for a nine-month-long approach-and-landing test flight program. Thereafter it was used for vibration tests and fit checks at NASA centers, and it also appeared in the 1983 Paris Air Show and the 1984 World's Fair in New Orleans. In 1985, NASA transferred "Enterprise" to the Smithsonian Institution's National Air and Space Museum.
Transferred from National Aeronautics and Space Administration
• • •
Quoting from Wikipedia | Space Shuttle Enterprise:
The Space Shuttle Enterprise (NASA Orbiter Vehicle Designation: OV-101) was the first Space Shuttle orbiter. It was built for NASA as part of the Space Shuttle program to perform test flights in the atmosphere. It was constructed without engines or a functional heat shield, and was therefore not capable of spaceflight.
Originally, Enterprise had been intended to be refitted for orbital flight, which would have made it the second space shuttle to fly after Columbia. However, during the construction of Columbia, details of the final design changed, particularly with regard to the weight of the fuselage and wings. Refitting Enterprise for spaceflight would have involved dismantling the orbiter and returning the sections to subcontractors across the country. As this was an expensive proposition, it was determined to be less costly to build Challenger around a body frame (STA-099) that had been created as a test article. Similarly, Enterprise was considered for refit to replace Challenger after the latter was destroyed, but Endeavour was built from structural spares instead.
Service
Construction began on the first orbiter on June 4, 1974. Designated OV-101, it was originally planned to be named Constitution and unveiled on Constitution Day, September 17, 1976. A write-in campaign by Trekkies to President Gerald Ford asked that the orbiter be named after the Starship Enterprise, featured on the television show Star Trek. Although Ford did not mention the campaign, the president—who during World War II had served on the aircraft carrier USS Monterey (CVL-26) that served with USS Enterprise (CV-6)—said that he was "partial to the name" and overrode NASA officials.
The design of OV-101 was not the same as that planned for OV-102, the first flight model; the tail was constructed differently, and it did not have the interfaces to mount OMS pods. A large number of subsystems—ranging from main engines to radar equipment—were not installed on this vehicle, but the capacity to add them in the future was retained. Instead of a thermal protection system, its surface was primarily fiberglass.
In mid-1976, the orbiter was used for ground vibration tests, allowing engineers to compare data from an actual flight vehicle with theoretical models.
On September 17, 1976, Enterprise was rolled out of Rockwell's plant at Palmdale, California. In recognition of its fictional namesake, Star Trek creator Gene Roddenberry and most of the principal cast of the original series of Star Trek were on hand at the dedication ceremony.
Approach and landing tests (ALT)
Main article: Approach and Landing Tests
On January 31, 1977, it was taken by road to Dryden Flight Research Center at Edwards Air Force Base, to begin operational testing.
While at NASA Dryden, Enterprise was used by NASA for a variety of ground and flight tests intended to validate aspects of the shuttle program. The initial nine-month testing period was referred to by the acronym ALT, for "Approach and Landing Test". These tests included a maiden "flight" on February 18, 1977 atop a Boeing 747 Shuttle Carrier Aircraft (SCA) to measure structural loads and ground handling and braking characteristics of the mated system. Ground tests of all orbiter subsystems were carried out to verify functionality prior to atmospheric flight.
The mated Enterprise/SCA combination was then subjected to five test flights with Enterprise unmanned and unactivated. The purpose of these test flights was to measure the flight characteristics of the mated combination. These tests were followed with three test flights with Enterprise manned to test the shuttle flight control systems.
Enterprise underwent five free flights where the craft separated from the SCA and was landed under astronaut control. These tests verified the flight characteristics of the orbiter design and were carried out under several aerodynamic and weight configurations. On the fifth and final glider flight, pilot-induced oscillation problems were revealed, which had to be addressed before the first orbital launch occurred.
On August 12, 1977, the space shuttle Enterprise flew on its own for the first time.
Preparation for STS-1
Following the ALT program, Enterprise was ferried among several NASA facilities to configure the craft for vibration testing. In June 1979, it was mated with an external tank and solid rocket boosters (known as a boilerplate configuration) and tested in a launch configuration at Kennedy Space Center Launch Pad 39A.
Retirement
With the completion of critical testing, Enterprise was partially disassembled to allow certain components to be reused in other shuttles, then underwent an international tour visiting France, Germany, Italy, the United Kingdom, Canada, and the U.S. states of California, Alabama, and Louisiana (during the 1984 Louisiana World Exposition). It was also used to fit-check the never-used shuttle launch pad at Vandenberg AFB, California. Finally, on November 18, 1985, Enterprise was ferried to Washington, D.C., where it became property of the Smithsonian Institution.
Post-Challenger
After the Challenger disaster, NASA considered using Enterprise as a replacement. However refitting the shuttle with all of the necessary equipment needed for it to be used in space was considered, but instead it was decided to use spares constructed at the same time as Discovery and Atlantis to build Endeavour.
Post-Columbia
In 2003, after the breakup of Columbia during re-entry, the Columbia Accident Investigation Board conducted tests at Southwest Research Institute, which used an air gun to shoot foam blocks of similar size, mass and speed to that which struck Columbia at a test structure which mechanically replicated the orbiter wing leading edge. They removed a fiberglass panel from Enterprise's wing to perform analysis of the material and attached it to the test structure, then shot a foam block at it. While the panel was not broken as a result of the test, the impact was enough to permanently deform a seal. As the reinforced carbon-carbon (RCC) panel on Columbia was 2.5 times weaker, this suggested that the RCC leading edge would have been shattered. Additional tests on the fiberglass were canceled in order not to risk damaging the test apparatus, and a panel from Discovery was tested to determine the effects of the foam on a similarly-aged RCC leading edge. On July 7, 2003, a foam impact test created a hole 41 cm by 42.5 cm (16.1 inches by 16.7 inches) in the protective RCC panel. The tests clearly demonstrated that a foam impact of the type Columbia sustained could seriously breach the protective RCC panels on the wing leading edge.
The board determined that the probable cause of the accident was that the foam impact caused a breach of a reinforced carbon-carbon panel along the leading edge of Columbia's left wing, allowing hot gases generated during re-entry to enter the wing and cause structural collapse. This caused Columbia to spin out of control, breaking up with the loss of the entire crew.
Museum exhibit
Enterprise was stored at the Smithsonian's hangar at Washington Dulles International Airport before it was restored and moved to the newly built Smithsonian's National Air and Space Museum's Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center at Dulles International Airport, where it has been the centerpiece of the space collection. On April 12, 2011, NASA announced that Space Shuttle Discovery, the most traveled orbiter in the fleet, will be added to the collection once the Shuttle fleet is retired. When that happens, Enterprise will be moved to the Intrepid Sea-Air-Space Museum in New York City, to a newly constructed hangar adjacent to the museum. In preparation for the anticipated relocation, engineers evaluated the vehicle in early 2010 and determined that it was safe to fly on the Shuttle Carrier Aircraft once again.
To celebrate my new Redbubble store I thought it would be appropriate to release this travel poster of Capt. Britain. Two versions to choose from. Available here: www.redbubble.com/products/configure/6638192-poster
Soon to be replaced by a special regionally configured Airbus A350-900XWB fleet and the Boeing 787-10 Dream)liners!
He is obviously in the retail delivery business, and his or his employer's motorcycle is configured for such a service. Tondo.
Fünf der insgesamt 55 Schornsteine
von Schloss Cecilienhof.
Schloss Cecilienhof unweit vom Ufer des Jungfernsees,
liegt im nördlichen Teil des Neuen Gartens in Potsdam.
Erbaut in den Jahren 1914 bis 1917 im englischen Landhausstil. Die 55 Schornsteine im Tudorstil sind meist unterschiedlich gestaltet.
Five of the 55 chimneys of Cecilienhof Palace.
Cecilienhof Palace not far from the shores of Virgin Lake,
located in the northern part of the New Garden in Potsdam.
Built between 1914 and 1917 in an English country style.
The Tudor-style chimneys 55 are usually configured differently. Near Berlin, Germany.
With her wings folded, Royal Navy Historic Flight Hawker Seahawk FGA.6 WV908/A188 sits opposite a similarly configured ex US Navy Douglas A-1 Skyraider during the 'Air Day' held at RNAS Yeovilton in 2005.
The Seahawk served the Fleet Air Arm for many years, coming of age during the 1956 Suez crisis. They also served with the Dutch, German and Indian Navies.
A relatively diminutive liitle jet but nevertheless one that could pack quite a punch and was well-suited to carrier-borne operations. Powered by a Rolls-Royce Nene jet engine, Seahawks also served with the Navy's own aerobatic team ‘The Red Devils’ based with No.738 NAS at RNAS Lossiemouth in the late 1950's.
Built by Armstrong-Whitworth in 1954, this example has been with the Flight for many years and has had a couple of re-builds, but has also suffered various engine related issues making it's appearance with the flight a delight when it does occur.
A delightful little aeroplane which you can read more about here:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawker_Sea_Hawk
Scanned 35mm transparency with HDR tonemapping
The first generation Ford Edge was developed from the shared Ford-Mazda CD3 platform in 2007. The car was configured in the newly emerging Crossover market segment. The Edge shared the platform with the Mazda 6 and CX9, and the Ford Fusion (Mk I) and various Lincoln and Mercury siblings.
The second generation Ford Edge (CD539) debuted in 2015, migrating tho the CD4.2 platform (derived from the EUCD). CD4.2 was somewhat complicated, as it also supported the Ford SMax and Galaxy in Europe, both of which would be considered more as MAV (Multi Activity Vehicles) rather than Crossovers. As a Crossover, the Edge and U540 Lincoln MKX rode on larger diameter wheels and tires and had a taller, bluffer nose.
An additional derivative, the CD539C, developed for the China market, also deployed third-row seating, with a correspondingly more upright rear glasshouse and luggage door.
The Edge and MKX were both made available with transverse engine, configured in front or all-wheel-drive. A number of engine families were fitted, the 4-cylinder Ecoboost 2.0L (245 bhp / 183kW), 3.5L Cyclone V6 (280 bhp / 210 kW), 2.7 Nano Ecoboost V6 (315 bhp / 235 kW, or 335 bhp / 250 kW), 2.0L DW Diesel (180 bhp, 210 bhp / 130 kW, 160 kW), and 2.0L Panther Diesel (190 bhp, 238 bhp / 140 kW, 177 kW), depending on market.
The Edge received a facelift in 2019 (shown), hexagonal hatched hexagon grille design replacing the previous 3-bar design. The 2019 change also deleted the 3.5L Cyclone and DW Diesel, and upgrading the 2.7L Ecoboost V6 to 335 bhp (250 kW) and installing the Panther diesel.
It's an Ikea Galant, configured to my liking. The lamps, shelf, filing cabinet, chair, bin, pen-pots, magazine holders, writing surface and even the orchid are from Ikea.
The Simca Coupé 1000 and its successor, the Simca 1200S were small, rear-engined two-door coupés (described by one well informed commentator as “Pseudo-sportives”) sold by Simca between 1962 and 1971. Simca also provided the engine and the mechanical underpinnings while the small elegant bodies were built in Turin by Bertone before being transferred for final assembly to Simca’s Poissy plant on specially configured trains.
The Simca 1000 saloon was launched in France in October 1961 and was an instant success with French buyers, but the response in export markets was much more muted. The new management at Simca were keen to raise the profile of their new car internationally. Mindful of the precedent set by Renault with their (initially Frua bodied) Renault Floride, Simca turned initially to Facel to discuss a joint project with Facel produicing the bodies, but in the judgement of Henri Pigozzi, Simca’s aging but still unusually “hands on” boss, Facel’s proposal lacked the necessary style and was considered unrealistic: there were also concerns that Facel’s parlous financial position might impact the project adversely.
Simca then turned to Bertone and commissioned a coupe version of their new car. Bertone gave the job to a recently recruited young designer called Giorgetto Giugiaro and the car, having already been heavily trailed, was formally launched at the Geneva Motor Show early in 1962, though official French homologation for production only took place in November 1962: customer deliveries began in 1963. The style of the car was widely admired, but the cost of the Bertone built body made it difficult for the car to compete on price alone, while use of the standard 944 cc engine block from the Simca 1000 meant that performance was unlikely to live up to its racey styling. From the start Simca presented the Coupé 1000 as a separate model.
1966 Simca 1000 Coupé
Despite sharing its chassis and mechanical elements with the boxy Simca 1000 saloon, the Coupé was able to offer superior road holding and performance because its centre of gravity was lower and its shape more aerodynamic.
Between the car’s appearance at the Swiss motor show in March 1962 and customer deliveries, the front side lights moved from a position beside the headlights, integrated into the front wings, to a location directly above the front bumper. It is not clear whether this was a response to regulatory requirements or simply a change driven by production-cost considerations.
On the inside the interior fittings contrasted with the stark interior of the Simca 1000 saloon, and the generous display of gauges and switches on the dashboard was also a world away from the aggressively plain view from the driver’s seat through the steering wheel on the four-door car.
In its original form the Simca was thought in the 1960s to resembled the cheaper Fiat 850 Coupé, although that car was launched only in 1965. In the French market, where the great majority of the cars would be sold, the Simca Coupé 1000 was pitched squarely against the Renault Floride.
The water-cooled 4-cylinder 944 cc engine shared its dimensions and basic lay-out with the engine fitted in the saloon, but from the start the Coupé engine featured a higher compression ratio and provided a maximum 52 hp of claimed output (as against 45 hp in the saloon). A maximum speed of 140 km/h (87 mph) was listed (as against 125 km/h (78 mph) for the saloon). Stopping power was also better on the Coupé which, unusually at this time, featured disc brakes on all four wheels.
During the early years the car experienced modest success on the French market, especially among young affluent buyers. Between the 1962 launch and the 1967 upgrade approximately 10,600 were produced.
[Text taken from Wikipedia]
This Lego miniland-scale Simca 1000 Coupe has bee created for Flikr LUGNuts' 84th Build Challenge, our 7th birthday, to the theme, - "LUGNuts Turns 7…or 49 in Dog Years", - where all the previous challenge themes are available to build to, in this case challenge 43, - "Plus or Minus 10", - a challenge designed to let the builder create any vehicle from the year ten prior or post the year they were born.
This Dassault Falcon is Slovenia's sole VIP-configured fixed wing aircraft. It is seen here arriving at Fairford as part of the support for the PC-9 display at the 2015 Royal International Air Tattoo.
Aircraft: Slovenian Air Force Dassault Falcon 2000EX L1-01.
Location: RAF Fairford, Gloucestershire.
This shows the wings configured for low speed mode. Unfortunately I have to put those small "cuts" in the back of the wing for it to have as high of a sweepback as I wanted. Credits to Ralph for his swing wing mechanism. I hade to slightly modify it for this but it is quite versatile.
Seen parked at ALFA's depot is Mercedes-Benz Tourismo, 99 BU16 HBG.
New to the company in March 2016 and configured to C49Ft
Haïti Trans Air began operations in 1987 with a single Boeing 727-247 with flights mainly to Miami. A second Boeing 727 was received in 1988 configured in a combi layout. The airline expanded operations to include San Juan and Kingston, Jamaica. In December 1990 a Boeing 737-222 was added for a brief period of time, then in 1992 a Douglas DC-8-61 was added to the fleet and operations expanded with multiple daily flights to Miami and San Juan. Due to the political instability in the island, the tourist traffic almost disappeared and Haïti Trans Air found itself not being able to meet its obligations. Flight schedules were scaled back and one of the Boeing 727s was taken out of service because the airline could not afford to keep it flying. In March 1995 the situation could not be sustained anymore and Haïti Trans Air went out of business.
OB-1452 (c/n 46038 l/n 429, series -61) was built in 1969 for Eastern Airlines as N8762. In 1973 it was leased to Japan Airlines and the plane returned to US during 1980 to be leased by Capitol Air and then Minerve and Minerve Canada, Points of Call Airlines, Crownair and from July 1990 Faucett Perù. Haiti Trans air leased the plane from February 1992 and the plane was later written-off in March 1993 and stored at MIA. Slide taken at MIA in January 1993.
mixed media on found paper.
You can buy greeting cards of this image on RedBubble: www.redbubble.com/products/configure/6434315-greeting-card