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If you are interested in Julio Claudian Iconography and portrait study you may enjoy these two links:
Julio Claudian Iconographic Association- Joe Geranio- Administrator at groups.yahoo.com/group/julioclaudian/
The Portraiture of Caligula- Joe Geranio- Administrator- at
Both are non-profit sites and for educational use only.
Augustus. 27 BC-AD 14. AR Denarius (17mm, 3.68 g). Lugdunum (Lyon) mint. Struck 8 BC. Laureate head left / Caius Caesar on horseback right, holding sword and reins; aquila between two signa behind. RIC I 199 var. (head right); BMCRE 500 var. (same); RSC 40 var. (same).
If you are interested in Julio Claudian Iconography and portrait study you may enjoy these two links:
Julio Claudian Iconographic Association- Joe Geranio- Administrator at groups.yahoo.com/group/julioclaudian/
The Portraiture of Caligula- Joe Geranio- Administrator- at
Both are non-profit sites and for educational use only.
THRACE, Thracian Kings. Rhoemetalces I, with Augustus. Circa 11 BC-AD 12. Æ 26mm (23mm, 8.68 g). Jugate diademed bust of Rhoemetalces and draped bust of Pythadoris / Bare head of Augustus right. RPC I 1711; Youroukova 204; SNG Copenhagen 1188.
If you are interested in Julio Claudian Iconography and portrait study you may enjoy these two links:
Julio Claudian Iconographic Association- Joe Geranio- Administrator at groups.yahoo.com/group/julioclaudian/
The Portraiture of Caligula- Joe Geranio- Administrator- at
Both are non-profit sites and for educational use only.
Richard Lorenz 'House Market Midwinter', 1911, The Grohmann Museum, 'Man at Work' collection, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
www.mart.trento.it/antonellodamessina
Il Mart di Rovereto propone un’indagine articolata e uno sguardo originale sulla figura del grande pittore del Quattrocento e sul suo tempo, attraverso lo studio degli intrecci storico-artistici e delle controversie ancora aperte, presentati in questa sede come punti di forza attraverso i quali approfondire nuovi percorsi di interpretazione critica.
Il progetto espositivo, a cura di Ferdinando Bologna e Federico De Melis, ha l’ambizione di ricostruire l’ampia scena storica e geografica dalla quale emerge l’eccezionale individualità di Antonello: un pittore che, a metà del Quattrocento, si fa interprete di un fermento creativo mediterraneo ed europeo incentrato sull’incontro-scontro tra la civiltà fiamminga e quella italiana.
Photo by Fernando Guerra
Anthony Victoryns 'Podiatric Surgery', The Grohmann Museum, 'Man at Work' collection, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Gaius (Caligula). AD 37-41. Æ Quadrans (17mm, 2.59 g, 6h). Rome mint. Struck AD 39/40. R C C / Pileus between S C. RIC I 45.
If you are interested in Julio Claudian Iconography and portrait study you may enjoy these two links:
Julio Claudian Iconographic Association- Joe Geranio- Administrator at groups.yahoo.com/group/julioclaudian/
The Portraiture of Caligula- Joe Geranio- Administrator- at
Both are non-profit sites and for educational use only.For more on Caligulan Numismatic Articles see: Coins courtesy cngoins.com
Related Articles of Caligula from American Numismatic Society Library Search
Library Catalog Search (Preliminary Version)
Full Record: Barrett, Anthony A. The invalidation of currency in the Roman Empire : the Claudian demonetization of Caligula's AES. (1999)
Full Record: Bost, Jean-Pierre. Routes, cits et ateliers montaires : quelques remarques sur les officines hispaniques entre les rgnes d'Auguste en de Caligula. (1999)
Full Record: Bibliothque Municipale d'Etude et d'Information de Grenoble. Grenoble : Bibliothque Municipale d'Etude et d'Information : catalogue des monnaies. II. Monnaies romaines. Monnaies impriales romaines. 2. Caligula - Neron . Index. / Bernard Rmy, Frdric Bontoux, Virginie Risler. (1998)
Full Record: Gainor, John R. The image of the Julio-Claudian dynasty from coins / by John R. Gainor.
Full Record: Martini, Rodolfo. Monete romane imperiali del Museo G. B. Adriani. Parte 3, Caius (37-41 d.C.) / Rodolfo Martini. (2001)
Full Record: ACCLA privy to presentation by Richard Baker on Caligula. (2002)
Full Record: Wend, David A. Caligula, the emperor as autocrat. Part 1. (2002)
Full Record: Wend, David A. Caligula, the emperor as autocrat. Part 2. (2002)
Full Record: Wend, David A. Caligula, the emperor as autocrat. Part 3. (2002)
Full Record: Kemmers, Fleur. Caligula on the Lower Rhine : Coin finds from the Roman Fort of Albaniana (The Netherlands) / Fleur Kemmers. (2004)
Full Record: Estiot, Sylviane. Le trsor de Meussia (Jura) : 399 monnaies d'argent d'poques rpublicaine et julio-claudienne / Sylviane Estiot, Isabelle Aymar. (2002)
Full Record: Gocht, Hans. Namenstilgungen an Bronzemünzen des Caligula und Claudius / Hans Gocht. (2003)
Full Record: Gomis Justo, Marivi. Ercavica : La emision de Caligula. Estimacion del numero de cunos originales.
Full Record: Sayles, Wayne G. Fakes on the Internet. (2002)
Full Record: Kemmers, Fleur. The coin finds from the Roman fort Albaniana, the Netherlands / Fleur Kemmers . (2005)
Full Record: Lopez Snchez, Fernando. La afirmacion soberana de Caligula y de Claudio y el fin de las acunaciones ciudadanas en occidente / Fernando Lopez Snchez. (2000)
Full Record: Besombes, Paul-Andr. Les monnaies hispaniques de Claude Ier des dpôts de la Vilaine (Rennes) et de Saint-Lonard (Mayenne) : tmoins de quel type de contact entre l'Armorique et la pninsule ibrique ? / Paul-Andr Besombes. (2005)
Full Record: Catalli, Fiorenzo. Le thesaurus de Sora / Fiorenzo Catalli et John Scheid.
Full Record: Giard, Jean-Baptiste. Faux deniers de Caligula de la Renaissance.
Full Record: Vermeule, Cornelius. Faces of Empire (Julius Caesar to Justinian). Part II(B), More young faces : Caligula again and Nero reborn / Cornelius Vermeule. (2005)
Full Record: Geranio, Joe. Portraits of Caligula : the seated figure? / Joe Geranio. (2007)
Full Record: Aguilera Hernandez, Alberto. Acerca de un as de Caligula hallado en Zaragoza / Alberto Aguilera Hernandez. (2007)
Full Record: Butcher, K. E. T. Caligula : the evil emperor. (1985)
Full Record: Fuchs, Michaela. Frauen um Caligula und Claudius : Milonia Caesonia, Drusilla und Messalina. (1990)
Full Record: Faur, Jean-Claude. Moneda de Caligula de Museo Arqueologico Provincial de Tarragona. (1979)
Full Record: British Museum. Dept. of coins and medals. Coins of the Roman Empire in the British museum. Vol. I: Augustus to Vitellius / by Harold Mattingly. (1976)
Full Record: Conrad, Edwin. A Caligula Isotope of Hadrian. (1968)
Full Record: Conrad, Edwin. The Metamorphosis of an Allegad 'As of Hadrian.' (1968)
Full Record: Bendall, Simon. A 'new' gold quinarius of Caligula. (1985)
Full Record: Cortellini, Nereo. Le monete di Caligola nel Cohen.
Full Record: Guey, Julien. Les "bains d'or" de Caligula "Immensi Avreorvm Acervi (Sutone, Cal., 42,3).
Full Record: Guey, J. Les "bains d'or" de Caligula : Sutone, Cal. 42, 3.
Full Record: Curry, Michael R. The Aes Quadrans of Caligula. (1968)
Full Record: Jonas, Elemr. L'emploi dar "damnatio memoriae" sur l'un des "dupondius" de Calgula. (1937)
Full Record: Julian, R. W. The coins of Caligula. (1994)
Full Record: Donciu, Ramiro. Cu privire la activitatea militara a lui Caius (Caligula) in anul 40 e.n. (1983)
Full Record: Hansen, Peter. A history of Caligula's Vesta. (1992)
Full Record: Kaenel, Hans-Markus von. Augustus, Caligula oder Caludius? (1978)
Full Record: Kaenel, Hans-Markus von. Die Organisation der Münzprgung Caligulas. (1987)
Full Record: Johansen, Flemming S. The sculpted portraits of Caligula. (1987)
Full Record: Carter, G. F. Chemical compositions of copper-based Roman coins. V : imitations of Caligula, Claudius, and Nero / G. F. Carter and others. (1978)
Full Record: Giard, Jean-Baptiste. L'atelier de Lyon sous Auguste : Tibre et Caligula. (1979)
Full Record: Giard, Jean-Baptiste. Les missions d'or et d'argent de Caligula dans l'atelier de Lyon. (1976)
Full Record: Giard, Jean-Baptiste. Le monnayage de l'atelier de Lyon des origines au rgne de Caligula (43 avant J.-C. - 41 aprs J.-C.). (1983)
Full Record: Nony, D. Quelques as d'imitation de Caligula trouves a Bordeaux (Gironde). (1981)
Full Record: Levy, Brooks Emmons. Caligula's radiate crown. (1988)
Full Record: Poulsen, Vagn. Un nouveau visage de Caligula. (1972)
Full Record: Price, Martin Jessop. Elephant in Crete? New light ona cistophorus of Caligula. (1973)
Full Record: MacInnis, H. Frank. Ego-driven emperor commits excesses. (1979)
Full Record: McKenna, Thomas P. The case of the curious coin of Caligula : a provincial bronze restruck with legend-only dies. (1994)
Full Record: Mowat, Robert. Bronzes remarquables de Tibre, de son fils, de ses petits-fils et de Caligula. (1911)
Full Record: Koenig, Franz E. Roma, monete dal Tevere : l'imperatore Gaio (Caligola). (1988)
Full Record: Kollgaard, Ron. Caligula's coins profile despot. (1993)
Full Record: Kollgaard, Ron. A numismatic mystery : "the Caligula quadrans." (1994)
Full Record: Martini, Rodolfo. Osservazioni su contromarche ed erosioni su assi de Caligula. (1980)
Full Record: Szaivert, Wolfgang. Moneta Imperii Romani. Band 2 und 3. Die Münzprgung der Kaiser Tiberius und Caius (Caligula) 14/41 / von Wolfgang Szaivert. (1984)
Full Record: Boschung, Dietrich. Die Bildnisse des Caligula. Kaenel, Hans-Markus von. Jucker, Hans. Deutsches Archaologisches Institut. Das Romische Herrscherbild. 1. Abt., Bd. 4, Die Bildnisse des Caligula / Dietrich Boschung ; mit einem Beitrag von Hans-Markus von Kaenel ; auf Grund der Vorarbeiten und Marterialsammlungen von Hans Jucker. (1989)
Full Record: Rosborough, Ruskin R. An epigraphic commentary on Suetonius's life of Gaius Caligula. A thesis...for the...Doctor of Philosophy. (1920)
Full Record: Richard, Jean-Claude. A propos de l'aureus de Caligula dcouvert Saint-Colomban-des-Villards (Savoie). (1982)
Full Record: Richard, Jean-Claude. Un aureus de Caligula dcouvert Saint-Colomban-des-Villards (Savoie). (1982)
Full Record: Ritter, Hans-Werner. Adlocutio und Corona Civica unter Caligula und Tiberius. (1971)
Full Record: Kumpikevicius, Gordon C. A numismatic look at Gaius. (1979)
Full Record: Savio, Adriano. La coerenza di Caligola nella gestione della moneta / Adriano Savio. (1988)
Full Record: Savio, Adriano. Note su alcune monete di Gaio-Caligola. (1973)
Full Record: Stylow, Armin U. Die Quadranten des Caligula als Propaganda-münzen.münzen" aus der stdtischen sammlung zu Osnabrück. (1971)
Full Record: Schwartz, Jacques. Le Monnayage Snatorial entre 37 et 42 P.C. (1951)
Full Record: Rodolfo Martini, ed. Sylloge nummorum Romanorum. Italia. Milano, Civiche Raccolte Numismatiche Vol. 1 Giulio-Claudii / a cura di Rodolfo Martini. (1990)
Full Record: Szaivert, Wolfgang. Zur Julisch-Claudischen Münzprgung. (1979)
Full Record: Vedrianus. The Roman Imperial series. V. Gaius. (1963)
Full Record: Tietze, Christian M. Kaiser Cajus Caesar, genannt Caligula. (1979)
Full Record: Wood, Susan. Diva Drusilla Panthea and the sisters of Caligula / Susan Wood. (1995)
Full Record: Sutherland, Carol Humphrey Vivian. Coinage in Roman imperial policy 31 B.C.-A.D. 68. (1951)
Full Record: Sutherland, C. H. V. The mints of Lugdunum and Rome under Gaius : an unsolved problem. (1981)
Full Record: Trillmich, Walter. Familienpropaganda der Kaiser Caligula und Claudius : Agrippina Maior und Antonia Augusta auf Münzen. (1978)
Full Record: Voirol, August. Eine Warenumsatzsteuer im antiken Rom und der numismatische Beleg inher Aufhebung : Centesima rerum venalium. (1943)
Full Record: Trillmich, Walter. Zur Münzprgung des Caligula von Caesaraugusta (Zaragoza). (1973)
Nero Æ Sestertius. ca 65 AD. NERO CLAVD CAESAR AVG GER P M TR P IMP P P, laureate head right, aegis on far shoulder / PACE P R TERRA MARIQ PARTA IANVM CLVSIT S-C, Temple of Janus with latticed windows & garland hung across doors; doors to the right. Cohen 146.
If you are interested in Julio Claudian Iconography and portrait study you may enjoy these two links:
Julio Claudian Iconographic Association- Joe Geranio- Administrator at groups.yahoo.com/group/julioclaudian/
The Portraiture of Caligula- Joe Geranio- Administrator- at
Both are non-profit sites and for educational use only.
Nero. AD 54-68. Æ Sestertius (35mm, 26.48 g). Lugdunum mint. Struck AD 65. Laureate head right; small globe at point of bust / Roma seated left on cuirass, holding Victory and parazonium; shields around. RIC I 398; BMCRE 324; WCN 409.
The Caesarians. Julius Caesar. Late 46-early 45 BC. Fourrée Denarius (18mm, 2.35 g, 6h). Military mint traveling with Caesar in Spain. Diademed and draped bust of Venus left; small Cupid on shoulder; lituus to left, scepter to right / Trophy consisting of Gallic arms and carnuces; to left, Gallic captive kneeling left, head right; to right, Gallia seated right in attitude of mourning. Crawford 468/2; CRI 59; Sydenham 1015; RSC 14. cngcoins.com
Cnaeus Pompeius Magnus (Pompey the Great). 49 BC. AR Denarius (18mm, 3.88 g, 12h). Mint moving with Pompey in Greece. Terentius Varro, proquaestor. VARRO • PRO • Q, diademed herm of Jupiter Terminus right / MAGN • PRO/COS in two lines in exergue, Dolphin downward to right, scepter, and eagle standing left, all on ground line. Crawford 447/1a; CRI 8; Sydenham 1033; Kestner 3534; BMCRR Spain 64; RSC 3.
The symbolism of this coin, struck sometime prior to Pompey’s defeat at Pharsalus in 48 BC, was meant to extol his extraordinary past deeds, which counted for naught in his war against Caesar. The reverse of this coin commemorates Pompey’s naval victory over the Cilician pirates (the dolphin) and that on land against Mithridates VI of Pontus (the eagle). The figure of Jupiter Terminus on the obverse was a personification of the concept of boundaries, and refers to the Senate’s grant of extraordinary proconsular powers to Pompey. cngcoins.com
Vespasian. AD 69-79. AR Denarius (18mm, 3.27 g, 1h). Ephesus mint. Struck AD 71. Laureate head right / Turreted and draped female bust right; E(PH)E below. RIC II 1433; RPC 835; RSC 293.
ROMAN MARBLE OVER LIFE-SIZE HEAD OF A YOUNG WOMAN
Her centrally parted hair braided and coiled at the back of the head, a curl falling down either side of her neck.
Over life-size portraits of this period are rare and of females are even more rare.
Late Republican, ca. 40-20 BC
H. 14 1/2 in. (36.8 cm.)
Art of the Ancient World, 2005, no. 13
for educational use only
If you are interested in Julio Claudian Iconography and portrait study you may enjoy these two links:
Julio Claudian Iconographic Association- Joe Geranio- Administrator at groups.yahoo.com/group/julioclaudian/
The Portraiture of Caligula- Joe Geranio- Administrator- at
Both are non-profit sites and for educational use only.
Augustus. 27 BC-AD 14. AR Denarius (3.57 g, 9h). Rome mint. L. Aquillius Florus, moneyer. Struck 19/8 BC. Radiate head of Sol right / Bare-headed Parthian kneeling right, holding signum. RIC I 304; BMCRE 40; RSC 358.
If you are interested in Julio Claudian Iconography and portrait study you may enjoy these two links:
Julio Claudian Iconographic Association- Joe Geranio- Administrator at groups.yahoo.com/group/julioclaudian/
The Portraiture of Caligula- Joe Geranio- Administrator- at
Both are non-profit sites and for educational use only.
Julius Caesar. February-March 44 BC. AR Denarius (19mm, 3.44 g, 6h). Lifetime issue. Rome mint; P. Sepullius Macer, moneyer. Wreathed head right / Venus Victrix standing left, head lowered, holding Victory and scepter set on star. Crawford 480/11; CRI 107b; Sydenham 1072; RSC 49.
Reproducción.
Museo arqueológico: www.mac.cat/cat/Seus/Barcelona/Col-leccions/Roma/La-ciuta...
Oscillum: penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/secondary/SMIG...
Sesterz 42 (posthum unter Claudius) -Rom-. Drapierte Büste nach rechts / SC im Schriftkranz. RIC 102, Vagi 532. 30,41 g.
Indus / Neronis Claudi / Caesaris Aug(usti) / corpor(is) custos / dec(uria) Secundi / natione Batavus / vix(it) ann(os) XXXVI h(ic) s(itus) e(st) / posuit / Eumenes frater / et heres eius ex collegio / Germanorum
Nero Æ Sestertius. Lugdunum mint, circa 65 AD. Laureate head left, globe at point of neck / Ceres on right seated left, holding grain ears & torch, facing Annona standing right, holding cornucopiae; between them, modius on garlanded altar; behind, ship's stern.
If you are interested in Julio Claudian Iconography and portrait study you may enjoy these two links:
Julio Claudian Iconographic Association- Joe Geranio- Administrator at groups.yahoo.com/group/julioclaudian/
The Portraiture of Caligula- Joe Geranio- Administrator- at
Both are non-profit sites and for educational use only.
Nero. AD 54-68. Æ Sestertius (34mm, 27.82 g). Lugdunum mint. Struck AD 65. Laureate head right, small globe at point of bust / Triumphal arch surmounted by statue group of Nero in quadriga, escorted by Victory and Pax and flanked by soldiers; on left side of arch in niche, figure of Mars. RIC I 392; BMCRE 329; WCN 410; Cohen 307.
If you are interested in Julio Claudian Iconography and portrait study you may enjoy these two links:
Julio Claudian Iconographic Association- Joe Geranio- Administrator at groups.yahoo.com/group/julioclaudian/
The Portraiture of Caligula- Joe Geranio- Administrator- at
Both are non-profit sites and for educational use only.
Octavian. 30-29 BC. AR Denarius (3.96 g, 6h). Italian (Rome?) mint. IMP, head of youthful Mars right, wearing slight beard and crested Corinthian helmet / CAESAR around upper rim of circular shield, the central boss ornamented with a star, lying on top of a sword and spear in saltire. RIC I 274; CRI 428; RSC 44; BMCRE 644-5 = BMCRR Rome 4368-9; BN 87-90.
Octavianus. Aureus, Gallia Transalpina and Cisalpina 43, AV 7.68 g. C·CAESAR·COS·PONT·AVG Bare and bearded head of Octavianus r. Rev. C·CAESAR·DICT·PERP·PONT·MAX Laureate head of Julius Caesar r. Bahrfeldt 28. Babelon Julia 64. C 2. Sydenham 1321. Sear Imperators 132. Calicó 52. Crawford 490/2.
IONIA, Teos. Claudia Octavia. Augusta, AD 54-62. Æ 17mm (3.94 g). Diademed and draped bust right / Dionysos standing left, holding cantharus and thyrsus. RPC I 2519; SNG Copenhagen 1520.
If you are interested in Julio Claudian Iconography and portrait study you may enjoy these two links:
Julio Claudian Iconographic Association- Joe Geranio- Administrator at groups.yahoo.com/group/julioclaudian/
The Portraiture of Caligula- Joe Geranio- Administrator- at
Both are non-profit sites and for educational use only.
Head of the emperor Nero.
From the colossal statue, height ca. 2.40 m.
Height 45 cm.
Inv. No. 321.
Marble. After 64 A.D.
Munich, Glyptotek.
educational use only
Augustus. 27 BC-AD 14. AR Denarius (17mm, 3.98 g, 7h). Spanish mint – Tarraco. Struck circa 19 BC. Bare head right / Oak wreath with ties facing upward. RIC I 75a; RSC 210. courtesy cngcoins.com
IMPORTANT ROMAN MARBLE HEAD OF OSIRIS WEARING AN ATEF-CROWN
Most probably a representation of the emperor Caligula as Osiris and as an Egyptian king.
Ex Levasseur collection, Paris, early 19th century; Alexandre Asper collecttion, Le Plessis-Robinson, France.
Ca. AD 37-40
H. 17 5/8 in. (45 cm.); 24 in. (61 cm.) with the stand.
From early youth Caligula had shown a great inclination for the products, myths, and men of Egypt, a culture then greatly admired and greatly feared by the Romans. For instance, we know that all his servants were Egyptians, and that Helicon, his most faithful and influential freedman, was an Alexandrian. But shortly after his elevation to absolute power this admiration for the land of the Ptolemies and Pharaohs became more of an obsession that impelled him to attempt to bring his own reign into connection with the policies of his great-grandfather Mark Antony. He sought to introduce into Rome the ideas, the customs, the sumptuousness, and the institutions of the Ptolemaic pharaohic monarchy, to make of his palace a court similar to that of Alexandria, and of himself a divine king, worshipped by his subjects.
Historians have represented this intention as the perverse delirium of an unbridled sensuality, but there was perhaps more politics in his madness than perversity; for it was an attempt to introduce into Rome the dynastic marriages between brothers and sisters which had been the constant tradition of the Ptolemies and the Pharaohs of Egypt. For centuries in Egypt, this practice was looked upon as a sovereign privilege that brought the royal dynasty into relationship with the gods. By means of it, the royal family preserved the semi-divine purity of its blood.
Caligula now decided to transplant this custom to Rome with all the religious pomp of the Egyptian monarchy, and thus transform the family of Augustus, which had been merely the most eminent family of the Roman aristocracy, into a dynasty of gods and demigods the focus of which would be Caligula and his sister Drusilla like another Arsinoë and Ptolemy, whom the Alexandrian throngs had worshiped on the banks of the Nile as Osiris and Isis. The idea had already matured in his mind at the end of the year 37. This is proved by a will made at the time of an illness that he contracted in the autumn of the first year of his rule. In this will he appointed Drusilla heir of his empire, a folly in light of Roman law, which did not admit women to the government, but it proves that Caligula had already thought and acted like an Egyptian king. He also formerly declared her a goddess, to whom all the cities must pay honors. He had a temple built for her, and appointed a body of twenty priests, ten men and ten women, to celebrate her worship; he decreed that her birthday should be a holiday, and he ordered the statue of Venus in the Forum to be carved in her likeness. He rebuilt part of the Isaeum Campense in Rome in Egyptian style and set up a statue of Drusilla as Isis. He also renovated the Serapaeum in the Campus Martius with a shrine to the divine couple.
From RAG FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY.
Drinking cup (kylix)
Greek, Archaic Period, about 510 B.C.
Skythes
Place of Manufacture: Athens, Attica, Greece
Ceramic, Red Figure
Gaius (Caligula), with Agrippina Senior. AD 37-41. AR Denarius (18mm, 3.73 g, 8h). Lugdunum (Lyon) mint. Struck AD 37-38. C • CAESAR • AVG • GERM • P • M • TR • POT, laureate head of Gaius (Caligula) right / AGRIPPINA • MA[T • C • CA]ES • AVG • GERM, draped bust of Agrippina right, wearing hair in waves from brow downwards and knotted in a long plait at the back, one lock falls loose down the neck. RIC I 14 (Rome mint); Lyon 169; RSC 2; BMCRE 15; BN 24-6. cngcoins.com
Einstein Portrait , Acrylics on Linen, with vintage frame .
Painting size in 40-50CM .
Other portrait available by order .
Deutsch: So genannte »Augustus Bevilacqua«. Büste des Kaisers mit Bürgerkrone, Augusteisch.
English: So called “Augustus Bevilacqua”. Bust of the emperor with the Civic Crown, period of his reign.
Français : « Auguste Bevilacqua ». Buste de l'empereur portant la couronne civique, époque de son règne.
Dimensions H. 50.5 cm
Credit line Kept since 1589 in Palace Bevilacqua, Verona
Accession number Inv. 317
Location Room 11 (Saal der römischen Bildnisse)
Source/Photographer User:Bibi Saint-Pol, own work, 2007-02-08
www.mart.trento.it/antonellodamessina
Il Mart di Rovereto propone un’indagine articolata e uno sguardo originale sulla figura del grande pittore del Quattrocento e sul suo tempo, attraverso lo studio degli intrecci storico-artistici e delle controversie ancora aperte, presentati in questa sede come punti di forza attraverso i quali approfondire nuovi percorsi di interpretazione critica.
Il progetto espositivo, a cura di Ferdinando Bologna e Federico De Melis, ha l’ambizione di ricostruire l’ampia scena storica e geografica dalla quale emerge l’eccezionale individualità di Antonello: un pittore che, a metà del Quattrocento, si fa interprete di un fermento creativo mediterraneo ed europeo incentrato sull’incontro-scontro tra la civiltà fiamminga e quella italiana.
Photo by Fernando Guerra
GAIUS (CALIGULA), with DIVUS AUGUSTUS. 37-41 AD. AR Denarius (3.76 gm). Lugdunum (Lyon) mint. Struck 37-38 AD. C CAESAR AVG GERM P M TR POT COS, bare head of Gaius (Caligula) right / Radiate head of Divus Augustus with Tiberius-like portrait right, six-rayed star on either side. RIC I 2; BMCRE 4; BN 3; RSC 11.
The accession of Gaius (Caligula) to the imperial throne on the death of his great-uncle Tiberius signalled a kind of "golden age" in that for the first time, not only did a direct biological descendant of Augustus become emperor, but one who could also claim a direct link with several important Republican figures. Through his mother, Agrippina Sr., Gaius was descended from Augustus, and also Agrippa, the victor of Actium. Gaius' father Germanaicus was the son of Nero Claudius Drusus and nephew of Tiberius, sons of Augustus' widow, Livia. Through his mother Antonia, Germanicus was the grandson of Mark Antony and Octavia, the sister of Augustus. Accordingly, many of his coins recall his dynastic connections to both the Julians and the Claudians as well as his own family.
Like his great-grandfather Augustus did with Divus Julius Caesar, Gaius had coins struck which included Divus Augustus. While later emissions of this type (see lot 851 below) leave no doubt, since the legend DIVVS AVG PATER PATRIAE is included, this earlier denarius, struck in the opening months of the new reign is more ambiguous: it is anepigraphic; the inclusion of stars argue for recent divinity (Augustus had been deified 23 years earlier), and the features on some of these coins appear like portraits of Tiberius. Combined with the historical evidence that Gaius had personally given Tiberius' funeral oration and had asked the Senate to approach the idea of deification for Tiberius, this argues that this coin was struck during the initial days when Gaius was testing the idea. The Senate, however, refused to pursue the matter further, and the portrait was altered to resemble Augustus more closely.
Gaius (Caligula). AD 37-41. Æ Sestertius (27.94 g, 6h). Rome mint. Struck AD 37-38. C CAESAR AVG GERMANICVS PON M TR POT, laureate head left / ADLOCVT COH, Gaius standing left on daïs with camp chair behind, addressing five soldiers standing right, holding parazonia and shields; four aquilae behind. RIC I 32; BMCRE 33; BN 46; Cohen 1.
Highly unusual on this type is the lack of the letters S C, which designate that the coin was issued by decree of the Senate (Senatus Consulto). From Republican times, the formula had been used on both silver and bronze coinage, but under the Empire, it was used almost exclusively on the bronze coinage which was controlled by the Senate while the emperor reserved to himself the issue of precious metal. In fact, imperial bronze coinage without the formula is generally thought to have been issued under special circumstances and under an authority other than the Senate. The ADLOCVT(io) COH(ortium) sestertii are thought to have been a special distribution issue for the Praetorian Guard funded out of the emperor's own purse.