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Moalboal is a 3rd class municipality in the province of Cebu, Philippines. According to the 2010 census, it has a population of 27,676 people. Extending as a peninsula in the Southwestern tip of Cebu, Moalboal is bordered to the west by the Tañon Strait. From the western shoreline, Negros Island can be seen. Moalboal is located 89 kilometres (55 mi) from Cebu City, about 2.5 hours by bus. Moalboal is nestled between the towns of Alcantara and Badian. From the tulay, an unfinished bridge located in Moalboal's town proper, Badian Island can be clearly seen, as well as the popular tourist attraction, Pescador Island. Locals often call themselves Moalboalanons, taken from the name of their town. The Moalboalanons said they came from Boholanon descents. Though the majority of the people in Moalboal are Cebuanos, a few members of cultural minorities have found their way there. Bajaus who are similar to Muslim nomads, are often seen in the streets, especially during the holiday season, as some of them make their living by begging. There is no evidence though that the badjaos have taken up permanent residence in the town. The first settler is said to have been a legendary Boholano fugitive named Laguno Sabanal.
Moalboal is a peninsula and as such, it is a town almost entirely surrounded by water. Majority of the people who live in the flat lands engage in fishing as their main mode of livelihood. Those who live in the mountain regions, like Agbalanga and Bala, live through farming. The common mode of transportation is by motorcycles with side cars, known locally as pedicabs or, depending on the distance, tricycles with side cars, called tri-sikad. However, due to the burgeoning economy of the whole province, tiny jeepneys or multicabs can now be seen in many of the rural areas, transporting people from Moalboal to many of its nearby towns. Since the 1970's, Moalboal has developed a tourism industry based on diving and beaches. Panagsama Beach, which was blown away by a typhoon in 1984, is where most resorts are established and White beach, which still has sand, in Barangay Saavedra, which used to be a quieter beach that locals frequent, has only recently developed.
Tourists wanting to stay in Moalboal can easily take a taxi from Cebu International Airport. It should cost around 3500 Pesos, the ride takes around 2.5 hours. Other ways to get to Moalboal would be to take a taxi to the Librando bus terminal or the South Bus station across the road. Librando and Ceres buses go to Moalboal, Fare is 105 Pesos. Make sure you are on a bus going via Barili, or you will end up in the South of Cebu. In Moalboal most tourists stay at either Panagsama Beach ( Basdiot ) or White beach ( Basdako ). White Beach is known for its beautiful sandy beach and crystal clear water. There is plenty of accommodation near either beach, although Panagsama has the most bars and restaurants. Entertainment is laid back and not for clubbers. You can have a beer for less than 45 Pesos in most bars. There is an outrageously loud Disco every Saturday at Pacitas, so be careful not to take a room close by if you want to sleep before sunrise. Diving is the main activity, and it's very good, even according to Philippine standards. The house reefs are fine and Pescador island the best structure of the whole reef is ideal for snorkelling and free diving as well since the reef drop off is close to shore and shallow but goes down to 40 metres +. Within a distance of 20 km from Moalboal you can explore numerous waterfalls, caves and canyons.
Moalboal is administratively subdivided into 15 barangays. Agbalanga Bala Balabagon Basdiot Batadbatad Bugho Buguil Busay Lanao Poblacion East Poblacion West Saavedra Tomonoy Tuble Tunga
According to lore, Moalboal has a spring where many of the locals get their water. Once, a foreigner asked a woman with a cleft what the place was called. The woman thought he was asking her about the spring so she said that it was a bukal-bukal. However, because of her speech impediment, her words came out sounding like Moalboal and that was how the town got its name. Another story is one of Laguno, a local warrior who was exiled from his hometown in Bohol. He and his family eventually came to the shores of Moalboal and settled there. Laguno had a yam-yam or oracion, a native prayer used to repel his enemies, and he used this to protect his home when moro invaders came. Legend goes that Laguno instructed his men to throw coconut husks into the water, then with the use of yam-yam, Laguno made it appear that the coconut husks were real men. Seeing that there were many warriors ready to defend the settlement, the moro invaders left. Laguno was revered by his people after that and when he died, it was said[who?] that his body was buried near a freshwater spring located, strangely enough, on the beach. His men placed a large tree trunk over his burial ground so as not to disturb him and it is said that even today, that trunk still exists. Whenever anyone tried to chop the trunk, it would bleed. The street fronting the Municipal Hall of Moalboal is called Laguno Street in honour of the warrior. Laguno's burial ground is said to be located underneath the mangroves near the tulay. The spring still exists today.
Pescador Island is an island located in the Tañon Strait, a few kilometres from the western coast of the island of Cebu in the Philippines. It is governed by the municipality of Moalboal, Cebu. The island derives its name from the Philippines’ Spanish colonial heritage and the abundance of fish living on the surrounding coral reef, and the many fishermen that fish them ( Pescador’ translates to Fisherman from Spanish). The rich marine life also attracts recreational divers from the many dive operations in nearby Panagsama. The underwater composition of the Pescador island reef is a sandy slope covered with soft coral from 5 – 10 metres, followed by a wall covered with hard corals dropping down to about 40 metres. On the west side of the island, an open-top underwater cave nicknamed the Cathedral can be found. Most recreational dive tours start at the island’s south end, and let the divers drift with the current either along the east or the west side of the island. Visibility conditions vary, but the current in the Tañon Strait pushes in clear water that often allows visibility up to 40 metres. The island itself has a lighthouse and access steps on the north and east sides.
This picture is from a window display in the Borders on Liberty Street in Ann Arbor, Michigan, celebrating Borders' 40th anniversary.
I think this is the staff with Hillary Clinton. Anyone know the date? The names of people?
Photos taken June 2017 around the borders area. Some vehicles were beginning to receive Borders Buses fleet livery others were white with Borders Buses logos.
Postcard showing the border checkpoint in Vaals, Netherlands. Germany is over the border. This is postmarked 1956.
This is a little less intimidating than passing from West to East Berlin used to be when I was there in the 1980s – note the tram tracks in this view. The street scene is not very much changed, although there are now no formalities at the frontier.
051613: Washington, DC - Customs and Border Protection Valor Memorial and Wreath Laying Ceremony.
Photographer: Josh Denmark
border with India at Tetrinot check post. this is a high security area...we would not have been allowed this close if it was not for the army escort we had travelling with us
I took Echo down to the river [the day before she came down with salmon poisoning] and saw a bunch of Border Collie/ mixes going down to the water with their people too. I hope they didn't get into any of the dead spawning salmon that Echo did.
History in the course of time
More than 800 years of history Bernhardsthal is more than 800 years of history of a local community in a border and bridge position at a central point in Europe.
History of Bernhardsthal
Again and again, it was more than the fate of the locals alone which had been decided here - again and again it was the pan-European movement that captured the place. One by one, they appeared in the Thaya-March area: Illyrians and Celts, Quads and Herulians, Huns and Lombards, Slavs and Avars, Bavarians and Franks, Magyars and Mongols, Hussites and Utraquists, Hajduks and Swedes, Turks and Kurds, Frenchmen, Prussians and Russians. They cleared and missioned, blackmailed and burned, remained, or passed by like a wild hunt. Between confrontation and penetration, construction and destruction, fear and hope, a year is a fixed point: the first documentary mention of the place - 1171.
1171 - what happened in Europe at this time? In the Roman-German empire, Emperor Frederick I Babarossa ruled. It was the time of the castles and knights and monastic culture, of the manorial systems and evolution of the town charter and of new German settlement waves which captured even Bohemia and the distant Transylvania. Just, in 1156, the Emperor of Austria had been loyal to the duchy on the other side, the Bohemian duke Vladislav II, and received the royal crown. Court Days and Princely councils, expeditions to Italy, the defeat of Henry the Lion underlined the power of the central European empire, which in the south even reached Sicily. Bruges and Venice were the highly evolving trade centers in Europe. Political movement had captured the continent: In the Russian area, Kiev's pre-eminence fell, new centers in the north-east announced themselves - Moscow was first mentioned in 1147.
In the southeast, Serbian unity was just founded in 1171, Serbia and Bulgaria began to shake off Byzantine rule. Hungary was about to restore its supremacy in Dalmatia, Croatia and Bosnia. In England, Henry II succeeded in sustaining his claim to power, and Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury, was murdered by royal knights in 1170. In 1171 the English conquest of Ireland began. In Egypt, Saladin began to expand, which was to lead to Tripoli, Damascus, and Jerusalem. In China, above all, the South was booming in economic development. Already, paper money and book printing, gunpowder and magnet needle were used.
But back to Bernhardsthal: With the world, the place has been connected since ancient times to the nearby Amber Road, which led from the Adriatic to the Baltic Sea. Events all around the world repeatedly stamped the centuries of its history.
Prehistory and Time of the Teutons: Archaeological finds earmark the Bernhardsthaler area as a significantly older settlement basis, as the year 1171 suggests - stretching back to the Neolithic, Bronze Age and older and younger Iron Age. Hallstatt burial mounds point to Illyrians, followed by the Celts.
9th century: Franconian mission movement and Great Moravian empire. The Slavic tribes lived in the Weinviertel (Wine District) and were interspersed with the Germanic population.
10th century: Magyar collision and German counter-movement. Emergence of Magyar riders also in the March-Thaya area. By the counteroffensive of the German kingship, a new settlement wave follows east. From 976, the Babenbergs in the regained marches area on the Danube came to power.
11th century: Stabilization of borders. Around 1045, the boundary was essentially stabilized. Thus the framework for settlement and integration into the social structure of the empire had also been drawn. The settler wave also captured the Wine District and the Bavarian population came to the fore, marking the time as the peasant clearing.
12th century: the first documentary mention. In the year 1171, the name Bernhardsthal was mentioned for the first time in the Klosterneuburg Tradition Codex, when the monastery Klosterneuburg acquired land here.
13th century: First, the Mongols appeared, hordes of riders who broke in over the Russian steppes, triumphed in 1241 near Liegnitz in Silesia, in the same year at Muhi on the Sjo in Hungary, pervading Moravia, sprawling to the Wine District. Before and after, however, the Thaya-March area was a multiple site of Bohemian and Hungarian incursions, condensed under Premysl Otakar II until the great decision. When the last Babenberger died in 1246, that Premysl Otakar had attacked southwards on Austria and across Styria and Carinthia to the Adriatic, and had penetrated eastward into Upper Hungary. To the south of the Bernhardsthaler area, on the Marchfeld near Dürnkrut, he lost battle and life against Rudolf von Habsburg. The consequences of the event, the retreat of the beaten ones, the advance of the victors, also touched Bernhardsthal.
14th century: from 1328 to 1336 the incursions of the Bohemian king John of Luxembourg lined up. Among the castles conquered by the Bohemians was also Bernhardsthal, which was then owned by the Haunvelder. The Hungarians under Charles I of Anjou also contributed, and also laid their hands on Bernhardsthal. The Wehinger, who had now been entrusted with Bernhardsthal, temporarily secured the market right for the place. A dangerous approach to the end of the century. First pirates from Moravia.
15th century: robber barons, Hussites and Utraquists. Bands or groups of robbers from Austria, Moravia and Hungary - with centers in Hohenau and Laa - troubled the Thaya-March area. In 1470 Bernhardsthal was sold to the Liechtensteiner.
16th century: Emerging Turkish danger. In 1529 they stood at the gates of Vienna. For the first time, one made acquaintance up the river March with the pillagers. After the retaliation, the Habsburgs - from Ferdinand I now also King of Bohemia and Hungary - ruled the west and north-west of the Hungarian kingdom. The Danubian and Alpine countries, Bohemia and Hungary should face a common development. The Thaya-March region was now the stage of the eastern front of the Turks.
17th century: Hajduks and Swedes. In Hungary, an uprising had broken out. In 1605, pillagers of Hajduks crossed the March and also plundered Bernhardsthal. A little later, the Mercenary regiments of the Thirty Years' War struck the gates. It was not until 1648, when the peace was concluded, that marauding and quartering, extortion, robbery, and murders ended. In 1163 Turks again crossed the March, plundered and forced prisoners into slavery - even Bernhardsthal was in flames.
18th century: Kurutzs and imperial occupation. Around 1704, due to the incursions of Kurutzs the wine-producing region and South Moravia too were again threatened by fear and distress. In 1705 they also attacked Bernhardsthal. In the next few years, imperial units remained present to protect the places at risk. In the following decades but Austria, under Maria Theresia, faced the defense of its superpower status and at the same time its consolidation.
19th century: Frenchmen, Prussia and Cholera: In 1805 Bernhardsthal saw Frenchmen on the advance, before and after their victory in Austerlitz. In 1809 the place saw the French for the second time. The year 1866 brought the Prussians also to Bernhardsthal as the winner of Königsgrätz. They were quartered as well as before the French which brought a lot of stress for the place. The cholera in the years 1831 and 1866 supplemented the picture of the 19th century.
20th century: Two great wars went over Europe in this century. Bernhardsthal also had to pay its duty. Bernhardsthaler found distant graves on theaters of war of both wars. Nevertheless, after 1945, the place steered into an impressive phase of peaceful construction.
Geschichte im Wandel der Zeit
Über 800 Jahre Geschichte Bernhardsthal sind über 800 Jahre Geschichte einer Ortsgemeinschaft in einer Grenz- und Brückenposition an einem zentralen Punkt Europas.
Geschichte Bernhardsthal
Immer wieder war es mehr als das Schicksal der Ortsbewohner allein, das hier entschieden worden ist, - immer wieder war es gesamteuropäische Bewegung, die den Platz erfasste. Nacheinander tauchten sie im Thaya-March- Bereich auf: Illyrer und Kelten, Quaden und Heruler, Hunnen und Langobarden, Slawen und Awaren, Baiern und Franken, Magyaren und Mongolen, Hussiten und Utraquisten, Heiducken und Schweden, Türken und Kurutzen, Franzosen, Preußen und Russen. Sie rodeten und missionierten, erpreßten und brandschatzten, blieben oder zogen vorbei gleich einer wilden Jagd. Zwischen Auseinandersetzung und Durchdringung, Aufbau und Zerstörung, Angst und Hoffnung tritt ein Jahr als fixer Punkt: Die erste urkundliche Nennung des Ortes - 1171.
1171 - was geschah in Europa in dieser Zeit? Im römisch-deutschen Reich herrrschte Kaiser Friedrich I. Babarossa. Es war die Zeit der Burgen und Ritter und klösterlicher Kultur, der Grundherrschaften und Stadtrechtsentwicklung und neuer deutscher Siedlungswellen, die selbst Böhmen erfassten und das ferne Siebenbürgen. Eben, 1156 hatte der Kaiser Österreich zum Herzogtum jenseits der Grenze, der Böhmenherzog Vladislav II., freu treu und Hilfe die Königskrone erhalten. Hof- und Fürstentage, Italienzüge, die Niederwerfung Heinrichs des Löwen unterstrichen die Machtstellung des zentraleuropäischen Kaisertums, das im Süden selbst auf Sizilien griff. Brügge und Venedig waren die sich groß entwickelnden Handeslzentren Europas. Politische Bewegung hatte den Kontinent erfasst: Im russischen Bereich ging die Vormachtsstellung Kievs zurück, neue Zentren im Nordosten kündigten sich an - Moskau war 1147 erstmals erwähnt worden.
Im Südosten wurde eben 1171 die serbische Einheit begründet, Serbien und Bulgarien setzten an, die byzantinische Herrschaft abzuschütteln, Ungarn war kurz davor, seine Oberhoheit in Dalmatien, Kroatien und Bosnien wiederherzustellen. Im Westen setzte in England Heinrich II. seinen Herrschaftsanspruch nachhalktig durch, 1170 wurde Thomas Becket, der Erzbischof von Canterbury von königlichen Rittern ermordet, 1171 begann die englische Eroberung Irlands. In Ägypten setzte Saladin zur Expansion an, die bis Tripolis, Damskus und Jerusalem führen sollte. In China stand vor allem der Süden in blühender wirtschaftlicher Entwicklung. Schon wurden Papiergeld und Buchdruck; Schießpulver und Magnetnadel verwendet.
Aber zurück zu Bernhardsthal: Mit der Welt war der Platz seit altersher über die unweit vorüberführende Bernsteinstraße verbunden, die von der Adria zur Ostsee führte. Die Welt rundum drückte den Jahrhunderten seiner Geschichte immer wieder den Stempel auf.
Urgeschichte und Germanenzeit: Die Bodenfunde weisen den Bernhardsthaler Raum als bedeutend älteren Siedlungsgrund aus, als die Jahreszahl 1171 vermuten lässt - zurückreichend bis in die Jungsteinzeit, Bronzezeit und ältere und jüngere Eisenzeit. Hallstattliche Hügelgräber weisen auf Illyrer hin, auf die die Kelten folgten.
9. Jahrhundert: Fränkische Missionsbewegung und Großmährisches Reich. Im Weinviertel lebten Slawenstämme, von germanischer Restbevölkerung durchsetzt.
10. Jahrhundert: Magyarenanprall und deutsche Gegenbewegung. Auftauchen von Magyarenreitern auch im March-Thaya-Bereich. Durch die Gegenoffensive des deutschen Königtums folge eine neue Siedlungswelle in Richtung Osten. Ab 976 gelangen im rückgewonnenen Markengebiet an der Donau die Babenberger zur Herrschaft.
11. Jahrhundert: Stabilisierung der Grenzen. Um 1045 wurde die Grenzlage im wesentlichen stabilisiert. Dadurch war auch der Rahmen für Besiedelung und Einordnung in die Gesellschaftsstruktur des Reiches gezogen. Die Siedlerwelle erfasste auch das Weinviertel und ließ das bairische Bevölkerungselement in den Vordergrund treten undprägt die Zeit als die bäuerliche Rodung.
12. Jahrhundert: Die erste urkundliche Nennung. Im Jahre 1171 wurde der Name Bernhardsthal zum ersten mal urkundlich - im Klosterneuburger Traditionskodex - erwähnt, als das Stift Klosterneuburg hier Grundbesitz erwarb.
13. Jahrhundert: Zunächst tauchten die Mongolen auf, Reiterscharen, die über die russiche Steppen hereinbrachen, 1241 bei Liegnitz in Schlesien, im selben Jahr bei Muhi am Sjo in Ungarn siegreich, Mährend durchziehend, bis ins Weinviertel ausschwörmend. Vorher und nachher aber war der Thaya-March-Bereich mehrfach Schauplatz böhmischer und ungarischer Einfälle, verdichtet unter Premysl Otakar II. bis zur großen Entscheidung. Als 1246 der letzte Babenberger gestorben war, hatte jener Premysl Otakar südwärts auf Österreich und über Steiermark und Kärnten bis an die Adria gegriffen und war ostwärts in Oberungarn eingedrungen. Südlich des Bernhardsthaler Raumes, auf dem Marchfeld bei Dürnkrut verlor er gegen Rudolf von Habsburg Schlacht und Leben. Die folgen des Geschehens, der Rückzug der Geschlagenen, der Vormarsch der Sieger, berührte auch Bernhardsthal.
14. Jahrhundert: Ab 1328 bis 1336 reihten sich die Einfälle des Böhmenkönig Johann von Luxemburg. Unter den Burgen die die Böhmen eroberten war auch Bernhardsthal das damals im Besitz der Haunvelder war. Auch die Ungarn unter Karl I. von Anjou wirkten ein und legten ebenfalls die Hand auf Bernhardsthal. Die nun mit Bernhardsthal belehnten Wehinger erwirkten 1370 für den Ort vorübergehend das Marktrecht. Ein gefährlicher Anssatz zum Ende des Jahrhunderts. Erste Raubritterzüge aus Mähren.
15. Jahrhundert: Raubritter, Hussiten und Utraquisten. Raubgruppen aus Östereich, Mähren und Ungarn - mit Zentren in Hohenau und Laa - beunruhigten den Thaya-March-Bereich. 1470 wurde Bernhardsthal an die Liechtensteiner verkauft.
16. Jahrhundert: Aufkommenden Türkengefahr. 1529 standen sie vor den Toren Wiens. Erstmals machte man marchaufwärts mit den Streitscharen Bekanntschaft. Nach dem gegenscglag beherrschten die Habsburger - ab Ferdinand I. nun auch König von Böhmen und Ungarn - den Westen und Nordwesten des ungarischen Königreiches. Die Donau- und Alpenländer, Böhmen und Ungarn sollten einer gemeinsamen Entwicklung entgegengehen. Die Thaya-March-Region war nun Etappe der nach Osten vorgeschobenen Türkenfront.
17. Jahrhundert: Heiducken und Schweden. In Ungarn war ein AUfstand ausgebrochen. 1605 überschritt eine Streitschar der Heiducken die March und plünderten auch Bernhardsthal. Wenig später pochten die Landsknechtsregimenter des Dreißigjährigen Krieges an die Tore. Erst der Friedensschluss 1648 ließ das Marodieren und Einquartiern, Erpresse, Rauben und Morden ausklingen. 1163 überquerten erneut Türken die March, plünderten und trieben Gefangene in die Sklaverei - auch Bernhardsthal stand in Flammen.
18. Jahrhundert: Kurutzen und kaiserliche Besatzung. Kurutzeneinfälle trieben das Land um 1704 auch das Weinviertel und Südmähren erneut in Angst und Not. 1705 überfielen sie auch Bernhardsthal. In den nächsten Jahren blieben kaiserliche Einheiten zum Schutz der gefährdeten Orte präsent. In den folgenden Jahrzehnten aber ging Österreich unter Maria Theresia der Verteidigung seiner Großmachtstellung und gleichzeitig ihrer Festigung entgegen.
19. Jahrhundert: Franzoßen, Preußen und Cholera: 1805 sah Bernhardsthal Franzosen auf dem Vormarsch, vor und nach ihrem Sieg in Austerlitz. 1809 sah der Ort die Franzosen zum zweiten Mal. Das Jahr 1866 brachte die Preußen als Sieger von Königsgrätz auch nach Bernhardsthal. Sie wurden ebenso einquartiert wie vorher die Franzosen was für den Ort starke Belastungen brachte. Die Cholera in den Jahren 1831 und 1866 ergänzte das Bild des 19. Jhd.
20. Jahrhundert: Zwei große Kriege gingen in diesem Jahrhundert über Europa hinweg. Auch Bernhardsthal hatte seinen Zoll zu zahlen. Auf den Kriegsschauplätzen beider Kriege fanden Bernhardsthaler ferne Gräber. Dennoch steuerte der Ort nach 1945 in eine eindrucksvolle Phase des friedlichen Aufbaues.
www.bernhardsthal.gv.at/system/web/zusatzseite.aspx?detai...
This pattern is for sale in my Etsy shop, Hardcore Stitchcorps.
I love the first of the lower borders especially. It came out much prettier than I'd anticipated.
blogged:
workthatneedle.blogspot.com/2011/01/pastel-floral-bastard...
These girls spend their days at the US-Mexico border crossing in Mexicali, BC. They help their family by selling goods to the people waiting in line. Although they do honest work all day to assist their parents, they are kept from attending school.
From Left to Right:
Yuliya Panfil, Senior Fellow and Director, Future of Property Rights Program at New America
Mary McCord, Senior Litigator, Institute for Constitutional Advocacy and Protection at Georgetown Law School
Ilya Somin, Professor of Law, George Mason University
Kiah Collier, Energy and Environment Reporter, Texas Tribune
The privately funded Border Patrol "Museum", El Paso Texas. A truly terrifying monument to anti-immigrant xenophobia in America (all in the name of security of course).
2021.12.03 Otwarcie centrum prasowego dla dziennikarzy, którzy relacjonują sytuację na polsko-białoruskiej granicy Unii Europejskiej. Fot: KPRM
The Postcard
A Frith's Series postcard bearing an image that is a glossy real photograph.
Stony Stratford
Stony Stratford is a constituent town of Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire. Historically it was a market town on the important route from London to Chester (Watling Street, now the A5). The town borders Northamptonshire, and is separated from it (and Old Stratford) by the River Great Ouse.
History of Stony Stratford
Since at least Roman times, there has been a settlement at the ford of Watling Street over the Great Ouse. The town's market charter dates from 1194 and its status as a town from 1215.
The town name 'Stratford' is Anglo-Saxon in origin, and means 'Ford on a Roman Road'. The Roman road in this sense is Watling Street that runs through the middle of the town. The ford is the crossing of the River Ouse. The prefix 'Stony' refers to the stones on the bed of the ford, differentiating the town from nearby Fenny Stratford.
The Stony Stratford Hoard
In 1789, at Windmill Field near Stony Stratford, an urn was uncovered which contained three fibulae and two headdresses. Known as the Stony Stratford Hoard, it also contained around thirty fragments of silver plaques which were decorated with images of the Roman gods Mars, Apollo and Victory.
There were also inscriptions to Jupiter and Vulcan, leading to theories that this was a votive hoard at a Roman temple. The hoard is now kept at the British Museum.
Stony Stratford Market
There has been a market in Stony Stratford since 1194 (by charter of King Richard I). Until the early 1900's, livestock marts were still held in the market square, but in more recent times the square has become a car park, apart from a monthly farmers' market in one corner.
The weekly market has moved to Timor Court, and of course no longer deals in livestock. Stony Stratford formally became a town when it received letters patent from King John in 1215.
The Eleanor Cross
Stony Stratford was the location where, in 1290, an Eleanor cross was built in memory of the recently-deceased Queen Eleanor of Castile, as her funeral cortège had stopped overnight in the town en route to London. The cross was destroyed during the English Civil War.
The Rose and Crown
The former Rose and Crown Inn at Stony Stratford was reputedly where, in 1483, the boy-king Edward V stayed the night before he was taken to London to become one of the Princes in the Tower.
He was taken there by his uncle Richard, Duke of Gloucester, who soon became King Richard III. Edward had been returning from Ludlow Castle in the Welsh Marches to London to claim his crown on the death of his father, Edward IV, when he was met in Stony Stratford by his uncle, who later deposed him. The inn is now a private house, but a plaque on the front wall gives a disputed account of the event, asserting that Edward was murdered in the Tower of London.
Catherine of Aragon
Catherine of Aragon rode from London to address her troops assembling here for the Battle of Flodden, and went on to stay at Woburn Abbey in September 1513.
Fire
The town has twice become almost completely consumed by fire, the first time in 1736 and the second in 1742. The only building to escape the second fire was the tower of the chapel of ease of St Mary Magdalen.
Stony Stratford as a Way-stop
Since at least the 15th. century, Stony Stratford has been an important stop on the road to Ireland via Chester, becoming quite rich on the proceeds in the 16th. century.
In the stage coach era of the 17th. and early 18th. centuries, it was a major resting place and exchange point with the east/west route, with coaching inns being built to accommodate coach travellers. Traffic on Watling Street and the consequent wear and tear to it was such as to necessitate England's first turnpike trust, from Hockliffe to Stony Stratford, in 1707.
In the early 19th. century, over thirty mail coaches and stagecoaches a day stopped here. That traffic came to an abrupt end in 1838 when the London to Birmingham Railway was opened at Wolverton – ironically, just three years after the bridge over the Ouse had been rebuilt. Wolverton railway works provided an important source of employment in the town, with the Wolverton and Stony Stratford Tramway being built to serve the workers.
With the arrival of the motor car, the town's position on the original A5 road made it again an important stopping point for travellers.
Cock and Bull Story
Due to the juxtaposition of two hotels in the centre of town, The Cock and The Bull, (both originally coaching inns), it is claimed locally that the common phrase 'A Cock and Bull Story' originated here.
Stony Stratford in Film
Scenes from the 1987 cult film 'Withnail and I' were filmed in Stony Stratford. Cox and Robinsons chemist is the 'Penrith Tea Rooms' where Withnail demands "The finest wines known to humanity." The Crown pub became the 'King Henry pub' in the film. Both premises are on Market Square.
Destination of The Postcard
The postcard was posted in Wolverton, Milton Keynes on Friday the 11th. September 1964 to:
Mr. Mathews,
39, Church Road,
Southall,
Middlesex.
The message on the divided back of the card was as follows:
"Dear Mr. & Mrs. Mathews,
Having a nice time, weather
good. Will be back at Southall
Monday.
Will be in H. P. H. 8 o'clock.
All the best, Arthur."
Arthur is perhaps referring to the Hamborough Public House in the Broadway, Southall. Don't try and have a drink there today - it was was burnt down on Friday the 3rd. July 1981 during the first day of the Southall riots.
The Beatles
So what else happened on the day that Arthur posted the card?
Well, on the 11th. September 1964, the Beatles performed for the first time in the "Deep South" of America when they played a concert in Jacksonville, Florida at the Gator Bowl stadium as part of their 1964 North American tour.
When the concert had originally been booked, the stadium had separate sections for whites and blacks (and "Eastern Meadow-Golds" (Asians) were not allowed).
The group conditioned their appearance on being able to perform before a desegregated audience.
The Diada
Also on that day, in Barcelona, the Diada was celebrated for the first time since the end of the Spanish Civil War and the beginning of the dictatorship of Francisco Franco in Spain.
About 3,000 Catalan-speaking residents defied a ban against advocating Catalan nationalism. The Diada Nacional de Catalunya memorialises the day in 1714 when Catalonia lost its independence.
The protest was broken up, and seven of its organisers were arrested and given heavy fines.
The Kinks
Also on the 11th. September 1964, the Number One chart hit record in the UK was 'You Really Got Me' by the Kinks.
Green Jay, Audubon's Oriole and Great Kiskadee. In the USA this can only mean the Rio Grande Valley of Texas! Photo taken at Salineño, Texas.
Near the border between England and Wales two Border Terriers, Berry and Bramble, keep a sharp look out for errant squirrels, rabbits, cats, etc.......in fact anything that they can have a jolly good bark at........
I was walking slowly at the time I pressed the shutter as I was trying to get some impression of movement.
Taken with Nikon D5100 and Nikkor 10-24mm AF-S f3.5-4.5 lens.
A map of Central Asia displaying borders and enclaves. / Карта Средней Азии, показывающая границы и анклавы.
English version here.
In 1938 Czechoslovakia mobilized against the German threats of war, but hat to give in to the Munich Agreement and withdraw from the border fortifications, even if the army was fully capable to stand against the Wehrmacht. After this not only Germany, but also Poland and Hungary ripped pieces of land from the country, and there were also extensive fights with insurgents, which cost lives of many Czechoslovak soldiers and gendarmes. Today it´s a tradition to reenact how the situation could be, when we would have defended ourselfs. It´s a fact that Hitler was affraid of the Czechoslovak military, which at that time had better tanks, more heavy guns, and a very effective fortification system. Of course we win in the reenactments :-)
Valga Valka border between Latvia and Estonia, view to Valka (LV)
Open after the 21 of December 2007, a blog post on Valka that day