View allAll Photos Tagged bituminous
Dactylioceras Ammonite Group
from Germany
183 Million Years, Early Jurassic Period
Measurements Approx.
Height - 8.2 cm
Width - 18.5 cm
Length - 22.1 cm
Dactylioceras, meaning ‘Finger Horn’ is a species of Ammonite which in habited the open seas during the Early Jurassic period 200-175 million years ago.
Dactylioceras is a common find in Jurassic bituminous shales. These shales formed when limited water circulation allowed stagnant (still, oxygen-poor) conditions to develop in dense sediments on the sea floor. This was favourable for preservation of ammonites and other shells in various ways.
The impermeable nature of the sediment prevented the shell’s structure of aragonite material from dissolving away.
In addition, the stagnant conditions encountered by the shells when they sank to the bottom meant that burrowing animals or currents would not disturb them as the fossilisation process occurred.
Several individuals are preserved in the block shown here, discovered that Dactylioceras had gregarious (group-living) habits.
Possibly, like many modern cephalopods, such as squid, they congregated in large swarms or schools to breed.
www.london-fossils-crystals.co.uk/dactylioceras-ammonite-...
Title / Titre :
Bituminous sand, Horse River area, Athabasca River District, Alberta /
Sables bitumineux, secteur de la rivière Horse, dans le district de la rivière Athabasca, en Alberta
Creator(s) / Créateur(s) : Sidney Clarke Ells
Date(s) : 1913
Reference No. / Numéro de référence : ITEM 3373070
central.bac-lac.gc.ca/.redirect?app=fonandcol&id=3373...
Location / Lieu : Horse River, Athabasca River District, Alberta, Canada /
Credit / Mention de source :
Sidney Clarke Ells. Canada. Department of Mines and Technical Surveys. Library and Archives Canada, PA-013583 /
Sidney Clarke Ells. Canada. Ministère des Mines et des Relevés Techniques. Bibliothèque et Archives Canada, PA-013583
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Title / Titre :
Bituminous sand, Horse River area, Athabasca River District, Alberta /
Sables bitumineux, secteur de la rivière Horse, dans le district de la rivière Athabasca, en Alberta
Creator(s) / Créateur(s) : Sidney Clarke Ells
Date(s) : 1913
Reference No. / Numéro de référence : ITEM 3373071
central.bac-lac.gc.ca/.redirect?app=fonandcol&id=3373...
Location / Lieu : Horse River, Athabasca River District, Alberta, Canada /
Credit / Mention de source :
Sidney Clarke Ells. Canada. Department of Mines and Technical Surveys. Library and Archives Canada, PA-013584 /
Sidney Clarke Ells. Canada. Ministère des Mines et des Relevés Techniques. Bibliothèque et Archives Canada, PA-013584
University of Southampton Faculty of Engineering, Science and Mathematics,
School of Civil Engineering and the Environment, "Bituplaning: A Low Dry Friction Phenomenon of New Bituminous Road Surfaces" By John Charles Bullas BSc MSc MIAT MIHT FGS May 2007 Thesis for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy
Dactylioceras Ammonite Group
from Germany
183 Million Years, Early Jurassic Period
Measurements Approx.
Height - 8.2 cm
Width - 18.5 cm
Length - 22.1 cm
Dactylioceras, meaning ‘Finger Horn’ is a species of Ammonite which in habited the open seas during the Early Jurassic period 200-175 million years ago.
Dactylioceras is a common find in Jurassic bituminous shales. These shales formed when limited water circulation allowed stagnant (still, oxygen-poor) conditions to develop in dense sediments on the sea floor. This was favourable for preservation of ammonites and other shells in various ways.
The impermeable nature of the sediment prevented the shell’s structure of aragonite material from dissolving away.
In addition, the stagnant conditions encountered by the shells when they sank to the bottom meant that burrowing animals or currents would not disturb them as the fossilisation process occurred.
Several individuals are preserved in the block shown here, discovered that Dactylioceras had gregarious (group-living) habits.
Possibly, like many modern cephalopods, such as squid, they congregated in large swarms or schools to breed.
www.london-fossils-crystals.co.uk/dactylioceras-ammonite-...
This is the end of an east-bound coal train in Moorcroft, Wyoming, USA on 19 August 2025. The rear-end helper unit is Burlington Northern and Santa Fe Railway # 5880, a General Electric ES44AC locomotive that was built in February 2006. The train is hauling sub-bituminous coal of the Tertiary-aged Wyodak Coal, which is mined near Gillette, Wyoming.
Dactylioceras Ammonite Group
from Germany
183 Million Years, Early Jurassic Period
Measurements Approx.
Height - 8.2 cm
Width - 18.5 cm
Length - 22.1 cm
Dactylioceras, meaning ‘Finger Horn’ is a species of Ammonite which in habited the open seas during the Early Jurassic period 200-175 million years ago.
Dactylioceras is a common find in Jurassic bituminous shales. These shales formed when limited water circulation allowed stagnant (still, oxygen-poor) conditions to develop in dense sediments on the sea floor. This was favourable for preservation of ammonites and other shells in various ways.
The impermeable nature of the sediment prevented the shell’s structure of aragonite material from dissolving away.
In addition, the stagnant conditions encountered by the shells when they sank to the bottom meant that burrowing animals or currents would not disturb them as the fossilisation process occurred.
Several individuals are preserved in the block shown here, discovered that Dactylioceras had gregarious (group-living) habits.
Possibly, like many modern cephalopods, such as squid, they congregated in large swarms or schools to breed.
www.london-fossils-crystals.co.uk/dactylioceras-ammonite-...
Item Number: 10334-1.
Document Title: Mr. & Mrs. Charles Gabriel Brookline, Mass. Map of Existing Conditions East of Garage Scale 1/4"= 1'.
Project: 10334; Gabriel, Mr. and Mrs. Charles H.; Brookline; Massachusetts; 07 Private Estate & Homesteads; 3 PLANS (1970; 1973).
Artist/Creator: OA / OLMSTED ASSOCIATES --LC.
Location: Olmsted National Historic Site, Brookline, MA.
Category: PLAN.
Purpose: TOPO (Topographical).
Physical Characteristics: [Dimensions]24.5 x 36; [Medium]ink; [Support]trace.
Dates: 24-Aug-70.
Notes: 6.5 ' wood fence , Line of old fence now removed. Steps up, Garage, bituminous paving behind house. CB., Garbage Receiver, rock formation, three trees..
.
Please Credit: Courtesy of the United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Frederick Law Olmsted National Historic Site..
RoofingRR: Alumasc Roofing Systems | Bituminous Membranes t.co/o7f5pbE5bn t.co/aPza8JDMxe (via Twitter twitter.com/grandrapidssrvs/status/808830665483583489)
Title / Titre :
Bituminous sand, Horse River area, Athabasca River District, Alberta /
Sables bitumineux, secteur de la rivière Horse, dans le district de la rivière Athabasca, en Alberta
Creator(s) / Créateur(s) : Sidney Clarke Ells
Date(s) : 1913
Reference No. / Numéro de référence : ITEM 3373069
central.bac-lac.gc.ca/.redirect?app=fonandcol&id=3373...
Location / Lieu : Horse River, Athabasca River District, Alberta, Canada /
Credit / Mention de source :
Sidney Clarke Ells. Canada. Department of Mines and Technical Surveys. Library and Archives Canada, PA-013582 /
Sidney Clarke Ells. Canada. Ministère des Mines et des Relevés Techniques. Bibliothèque et Archives Canada, PA-013582
A view looking westward down 4th Street from the corner of Main Street in downtown Irwin, Pennsylvania, prominently including First United Church of Christ at left. Completed in 1889 as the second church to house this congregation so integral to the borough's early history, the rather modest scale of this attractive brick building is belied by an impressive architectural design that hybridizes elements of the contemporaneously popular Romanesque and Gothic Revival styles. The structure's heavy massing, squat dimensions, and detailing such as raking tables of overlapping corbels all signify the former aesthetic, but there's also an unmistakable Gothic verticality courtesy of the pointed arches and steeply pitched gables (and, previous to its removal in the mid-20th century, also the steeple that cut an imposing presence 60 feet over the corner). The earliest roots of First's history trace back to an era when the larger part of the local populace was comprised of German immigrants and their descendants, variously of the Lutheran and Reformed religious traditions. Initially, they all worshiped together at the historic Brush Creek Church in nearby Hempfield Township, but a rift later formed in the congregation over the question of whether services should be held in German or English. Finally, on January 2, 1853, three families of the Reformed persuasion broke away from Brush Creek to found their own congregation. Local landowner John Irwin, who in the meantime was busy subdividing his holdings for the foundation of a townsite along the newly constructed Pennsylvania Railroad, donated to them a choice lot in what was to be the center of town, and their first home - a modest two-story structure of brick - was completed by the end of the year. Being located directly in the midst of a rich vein of bituminous coal that was ripe for commercial exploitation, Irwin's population quickly boomed, as did the membership of the church around which it was built: by the time construction begin on their second and current home, the ranks had grown to over 300 congregants. From there, the history of Irwin Reformed Church closely mirrored that of its surrounding geographical region, its distinct strain of Christianity, and the American religious landscape in general: the trend of growth continued throughout the remainder of the 19th century and into the beginning of the 20th, and the denominational mergers on a national level that birthed first the Evangelical & Reformed Church and subsequently the United Church of Christ, in 1934 and 1957 respectively, were fortuitously timed, enabling First to remain large and vital through mergers with neighboring congregations at the same time the population of Irwin as a whole was peaking and beginning to contract. Today, First remains a force on Irwin's religious landscape under the leadership of pastor Steven L. Craft, but it increasingly operates in partnership with the identically named church in nearby Greensburg, sharing worship spaces and collaborating on social functions in another example of the synergy that has kept mainline Protestantism alive in America despite the challenges of the early 21st century.
If you're an architecture buff like me, you can read more of my ramblings at Western New York Architecture Deep Cuts, my other account where I go deeper into the weeds about these sorts of things.
A quiet day for me and for the dogs and cats. They slept and I sketched. These are all of Milo in his donut bed looking cute and Bituminous sleeping in the sunshine.
Title / Titre :
Bituminous sand, Alberta /
Sable bitumineux, Alberta
Creator(s) / Créateur(s) : Sidney Clarke Ells
Date(s) : 1927
Reference No. / Numéro de référence : ITEM 3373190
central.bac-lac.gc.ca/.redirect?app=fonandcol&id=3373...
Location / Lieu : Alberta, Canada
Credit / Mention de source :
Sidney Clarke Ells. Canada. Department of Mines and Technical Surveys. Library and Archives Canada, PA-015563 /
Sidney Clarke Ells. Canada. Ministère des Mines et des Relevés Techniques. Bibliothèque et Archives Canada, PA-015563
Roll 115 Ektachrome 400 camera B - 25 sign of First Minning of Pittsburgh, 403 Grandview Ave., Pittsburgh, Allegheny, PA. July 13, 1996.
“First Mining of Pittsburgh Coal”
“This State’s bituminous coal industry was born about 1760 on Coal Hill, now Mt. Washington. Here the Pittsburg coal bed was mined to supply Fort Pitt. This was eventually to be judged the most valuable individual mineral deposit in the U.S.”
The remains of bituminous shale mining operation. The cliffs have eroded, leaving a short length of track protruding over the edge.
The DoppiaTrac DR400 double roll crusher is a track mounted, self-driven, feeding, crushing and stockpiling machine for medium to hard bituminous coal crushing applications and is fitted with a purpose designed 3636 double drum roll.
Cokes are the solid carbonaceous material derived from destructive distillation of low-ash, low-sulfur bituminous coal. Cokes from coal are grey, hard, and porous.
Kaymoor, is the site of an abandoned coal mine, coal processing plant and coal town near Fayetteville, West Virginia. The town site is located in the New River Gorge at Kaymoor Bottom. The mine exploited the New River Coalfield's Sewell Seam of "smokeless" low-volatile bituminous coal. (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kay_Moor)
Kaymoor, is the site of an abandoned coal mine, coal processing plant and coal town near Fayetteville, West Virginia. The town site is located in the New River Gorge at Kaymoor Bottom. The mine exploited the New River Coalfield's Sewell Seam of "smokeless" low-volatile bituminous coal. (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kay_Moor)
22236 “How is Coal Formed?” – Museum of Natural History, 21 Starling Ave., Martinsville, Martinsville City, VA. May 14, 2018. Decimal Degrees: 36.686907, -79.864695
“How is Coal Formed?”
“Coal is largely made up of dead plants, altered by geologic processes. The remains of swamp plants accumulate and then are buried and compressed by layers of sediment, a process that takes millions of years. As the plants compact, they lose water and other substances, causing the percentage of carbon to increase.
At first the compressed plants form peat, the then brown coal called lignite, and finally the black rock we know as coal. Ten feet of peat may be compressed into about three feet of coal!”
In columns:
“Peat (plants)
Brown coal (lignite:
Black coal (bituminous coal)”
Title / Titre :
Scows of bituminous sand leaving the Murphy claim, Athabasca River, Alberta /
Un chaland chargé de sables bitumineux quitte la concession de Murphy, sur la rivière Athabasca, en Alberta
Creator(s) / Créateur(s) : Sidney Clarke Ells
Date(s) : 1913
Reference No. / Numéro de référence : ITEM 3373042
central.bac-lac.gc.ca/.redirect?app=fonandcol&id=3373...
Location / Lieu : Athabasca River, Alberta, Canada
Credit / Mention de source :
Sidney Clarke Ells. Canada. Department of Mines and Technical Surveys. Library and Archives Canada, PA-013552 /
Sidney Clarke Ells. Canada. Ministère des Mines et des Relevés Techniques. Bibliothèque et Archives Canada, PA-013552
Item Number:1064-33-SH1-PT3
Document Title:CITY OF NEWTON, MASS. CITY HALL; TYPICAL CROSS SECTION FOR BITUMINOUS MACADAM RD.; SCALE 1/2"=1'
Project:01064; Newton City Hall; War Memorial; Newton; Massachusetts; 06 Grounds of Public Buildings; 165 PLANS (1931-1932)
Location:Olmsted National Historic Site, Brookline, MA
Category:PLAN
Purpose:P&S (Profile & Section)
Physical Characteristics:FAIR H 70 1/2, W 20 3/4" diazo pos paper
Dates:24JUN1931
Notes:INDICATES ROADWAY SURFACE; DRAWN BY BSP; APPROVED BY CRP; OBLA.
Please credit: Courtesy of the United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Frederick Law Olmsted National Historic Site.
Bituminous coal from the Cretaceous or Tertiary of Colorado, USA.
Coal is a carbon-rich, biogenic sedimentary rock. It forms by the burial and alteration of organic matter from fossil land plants that lived in ancient swamps. Coal starts out as peat. With increasing burial and diagenetic alteration, peat becomes lignite coal, sub-bituminous coal, and then bituminous coal. Bituminous coals tend to break and weather in a blocky fashion, are relatively sooty to the touch, and are harder and heavier than lignite coal (but still relatively soft and lightweight). Discernible plant fossil fragments may be present on bituminous coal bedding planes - sometimes in abundance. Bituminous coals commonly have irregular patches of shiny, glassy-textured organic matter (vitrain).
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Info. from public signage at Wittenberg University's Geology Department (Springfield, Ohio, USA):
Origin of Coal
Coal is formed from accumulated vegetation that grew in peat-forming swamps on broad lowlands that were near sea level. Cyclothems indicate that the land must have been at a "critical level" since the change from marine to non-marine sediments shows that the seas periodically encroached upon the land.
Formation of Coal
The change from plant debris to coal involves biochemical action producing partial decay, preserval of this material from further decay, and later dynamochemical processes. The biochemical changes involve attack by bacteria which liberate volatile constituents, and the preserval of the residual waxes and resins in the bottom of the swamps where the water is too toxic for the decay-promoting bacteria to live. The accumulated material forms "peat bogs". The dynamochemical process involves further chemical reactions produced by the increased pressure and temperature brought about by the weight of sediment that is deposited on top of it. These reactions are also ones in which the volatile constituents are driven off.
Rank of Coal
The different types of coal are commonly referred to in terms of rank. From lowest upward, they are peat (actually not a coal), lignite, bituminous, and anthracite. The rank of the coal is the result of the different amounts of pressure and time involved in producing the coal.
Bituminous
Bituminous coal is a dense, dark, brittle, banded coal that is well jointed and breaks into cubical or prismatic blocks and does not disintegrate upon exposure to air. Dull and bright bands and smooth and hackly layers are evident. It ignites easily, burns with a smoky yellow flame, has low moisture contnet, medium volatile content, and fixed carbon and heating content is high. It is the most used and most desired coal in the world for industrial uses.
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Stratigraphy: unrecorded / undisclosed coal horizon in the Vermejo Formation (Upper Cretaceous) or Raton Formation (Upper Cretaceous to Paleocene)
Locality: Tabasco Mine, Trinidad Coal Field, Las Animas County, southern Colorado, USA
The Messel Pit, a former quarry in Germany, is renowned for its exceptional preservation of Eocene-era fossils, offering a window into life 47 million years ago. This site, once used for mining bituminous shale, is now a UNESCO World Heritage Site due to its scientific significance.
It provides invaluable insights into the early evolution of mammals and birds, and continues to be a focal point for scientific research and discovery.
Item Number:1064-33-SH1
Document Title:CITY OF NEWTON MASS; CITY HALL; TYPICAL CROSS SECTION FOR BITUMINOUS MACADAM RD.; SCALE 1/2"=1'
Project:01064; Newton City Hall; War Memorial; Newton; Massachusetts; 06 Grounds of Public Buildings; 165 PLANS (1931-1932)
Location:Olmsted National Historic Site, Brookline, MA
Category:PLAN
Purpose:P&S (Profile & Section)
Physical Characteristics:FAIR H 12 5/8, W 21 1/8" graphite trace
Dates:24JUN1931
Notes:OBLA; INDICATES ROADWAY SURFACE; DRAWN BY BSP; APPROVED BY CRP.
Please credit: Courtesy of the United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Frederick Law Olmsted National Historic Site.