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As Hollywood's Biggest Night looms, the nights of Red Carpet interviews, ancillary awards shows, glad-handing anyone and everyone who had a part in making the projects that people spent years of their lives dedicated to, just for the recognition of their peers and the world, the daytime Gifting Suites are kind of a way for the movers and shakers to discover some new things they may have never known they need, to make their lives easier during that next project.
Get the Story from the Red Carpet Report Team, follow us on Twitter and Facebook at:
www.facebook.com/RedCarpetReportTV
www.youtube.com/MingleMediaTVNetwork
This Gifting Suite event was held on Friday, March 2nd, in the heart of Hollywood, hosted by the Celebrity Connected team.
The King Kong of suites, around 50 vendor tables in a massive ballroom, 3 aisles with a dizzying number of new baubles and self care products from beyond the imagination, starting with the most impressive display, was Blush & Whimsy several covered smaller tables overflowing with floral arrangements, with their gifting boxes nestled among the blooms, a blossom wall with foot lighting reminiscent of the KimYe wedding photo presenting, under a glass bell jar, the three lipstick tubes being gifted. 10/10 on presentation. Each lipstick has a tiny flower inside, they're also translucent, and they change color based on your skin temperature and pH. *mindblown.gif*
The coolest thing there was the ZUS Smart Car Charger from Nonda in a limited edition gold version. What makes the ZUS special is its the Nest digital thermostat for your car... a simple plug-in that you link to an app for iOS or Android, and it makes it so you can find your car easier when parking, lets you share your parking spot with friends via the app, tracks your mileage, gives you a report on your car's battery health, parking meter alert, dual position USB port so however you plug in, it'll always be right. *USB Superposition.gif* Oh, and it will double the charging speed for your phone. when plugged in... a quick glance at their website Nonda.co they've got everything you'd need to upgrade your car like a cyborg... back up camera, tire pressure sensor, and more... they have the technology and its well under Steve Austin's $6 Million Dollar price tag...
What looked like the most fun was You've Got Crabs a stepped-up version of Go Fish, with an expansion pack that involves shaming one of your friends and they, have to play the remainder of the game wearing rubber crab claws. Designed by the same people who made "Exploding Kittens" featuring art by The Oatmeal I'm not doing the rules or anything about it really much justice, but it looks like it will be a great party game.
There were so many products on display from a Shea Butter sculpture of the Burj Khalifa, to a copper hair mask, chocolate scented perfume, the best apple juice I've ever had, cans of flavored workout water, several chocolatiers, a bespoke pet bed designer from Australia, cold brew coffee, kids clothes that would make Pharrell jealous, contoured pillows, Scandinavian sex toys and a strawberry & habanero pepper jelly to a Las Vegas-based cookie baker who feeds the homeless. But, no gifting suite would be complete without Cyndie Wade and her hand painted wine glasses honoring the nominees.
One last thing... there were two booths, which, Celebrity Connected always seems to have a medicinal cannabis booth or two each event, sadly UPS never delivered either booth's product before the gift suite, so they were reliant on the few samples they had with them, both focused on CBD the non-psychoactive part of marijuana, CBD is the pain reliever and has a myriad of medicinal uses as salves, sprays, and smokeables to help with any number of health issues. Infinite CBD out of Colorado has topicals, vegan gummies, capsules, soap, and specialty CBD delivery systems they call "Rocket Ships" to deal with cramps, and more. The other vendor was S&J Natural Products now, I couldn't quite understand what the gentleman from S&J was saying about bioavailability and Acuity Blends with adaptogenic herbs or microencapsulation or who sizes chained triglycerides. I did try their Oracle Mist with over 75 bioactive terpenes, I'm not sure if it's meant to be a facial spray or some kind of CBD Binaca... but I do not recommend spraying it in your mouth, its fine initially, but I guess as the terpenes bioactivated, it overloaded my tastebuds...
I'm going to recommend InfiniteCBD over S&J's three dollar words and snake oil tactics, as I'm writing this, I'm on their site the products cost more, for less quantity and what I do know about Terpenes is, they're really just the oils that give the cannabis its aroma. If you're adverse to opioids for pain relief and management, CBD in its many delivery methods is certainly worth checking out, because it is not the part of marijuana that gets you High, CBD products are perfectly legal and available to ship around the United States.
For more of Mingle Media TV’s Red Carpet Report coverage, please visit our website and follow us on Twitter and Facebook here:
www.facebook.com/minglemediatvnetwork
As Hollywood's Biggest Night looms, the nights of Red Carpet interviews, ancillary awards shows, glad-handing anyone and everyone who had a part in making the projects that people spent years of their lives dedicated to, just for the recognition of their peers and the world, the daytime Gifting Suites are kind of a way for the movers and shakers to discover some new things they may have never known they need, to make their lives easier during that next project.
Get the Story from the Red Carpet Report Team, follow us on Twitter and Facebook at:
www.facebook.com/RedCarpetReportTV
www.youtube.com/MingleMediaTVNetwork
This Gifting Suite event was held on Friday, March 2nd, in the heart of Hollywood, hosted by the Celebrity Connected team.
The King Kong of suites, around 50 vendor tables in a massive ballroom, 3 aisles with a dizzying number of new baubles and self care products from beyond the imagination, starting with the most impressive display, was Blush & Whimsy several covered smaller tables overflowing with floral arrangements, with their gifting boxes nestled among the blooms, a blossom wall with foot lighting reminiscent of the KimYe wedding photo presenting, under a glass bell jar, the three lipstick tubes being gifted. 10/10 on presentation. Each lipstick has a tiny flower inside, they're also translucent, and they change color based on your skin temperature and pH. *mindblown.gif*
The coolest thing there was the ZUS Smart Car Charger from Nonda in a limited edition gold version. What makes the ZUS special is its the Nest digital thermostat for your car... a simple plug-in that you link to an app for iOS or Android, and it makes it so you can find your car easier when parking, lets you share your parking spot with friends via the app, tracks your mileage, gives you a report on your car's battery health, parking meter alert, dual position USB port so however you plug in, it'll always be right. *USB Superposition.gif* Oh, and it will double the charging speed for your phone. when plugged in... a quick glance at their website Nonda.co they've got everything you'd need to upgrade your car like a cyborg... back up camera, tire pressure sensor, and more... they have the technology and its well under Steve Austin's $6 Million Dollar price tag...
What looked like the most fun was You've Got Crabs a stepped-up version of Go Fish, with an expansion pack that involves shaming one of your friends and they, have to play the remainder of the game wearing rubber crab claws. Designed by the same people who made "Exploding Kittens" featuring art by The Oatmeal I'm not doing the rules or anything about it really much justice, but it looks like it will be a great party game.
There were so many products on display from a Shea Butter sculpture of the Burj Khalifa, to a copper hair mask, chocolate scented perfume, the best apple juice I've ever had, cans of flavored workout water, several chocolatiers, a bespoke pet bed designer from Australia, cold brew coffee, kids clothes that would make Pharrell jealous, contoured pillows, Scandinavian sex toys and a strawberry & habanero pepper jelly to a Las Vegas-based cookie baker who feeds the homeless. But, no gifting suite would be complete without Cyndie Wade and her hand painted wine glasses honoring the nominees.
One last thing... there were two booths, which, Celebrity Connected always seems to have a medicinal cannabis booth or two each event, sadly UPS never delivered either booth's product before the gift suite, so they were reliant on the few samples they had with them, both focused on CBD the non-psychoactive part of marijuana, CBD is the pain reliever and has a myriad of medicinal uses as salves, sprays, and smokeables to help with any number of health issues. Infinite CBD out of Colorado has topicals, vegan gummies, capsules, soap, and specialty CBD delivery systems they call "Rocket Ships" to deal with cramps, and more. The other vendor was S&J Natural Products now, I couldn't quite understand what the gentleman from S&J was saying about bioavailability and Acuity Blends with adaptogenic herbs or microencapsulation or who sizes chained triglycerides. I did try their Oracle Mist with over 75 bioactive terpenes, I'm not sure if it's meant to be a facial spray or some kind of CBD Binaca... but I do not recommend spraying it in your mouth, its fine initially, but I guess as the terpenes bioactivated, it overloaded my tastebuds...
I'm going to recommend InfiniteCBD over S&J's three dollar words and snake oil tactics, as I'm writing this, I'm on their site the products cost more, for less quantity and what I do know about Terpenes is, they're really just the oils that give the cannabis its aroma. If you're adverse to opioids for pain relief and management, CBD in its many delivery methods is certainly worth checking out, because it is not the part of marijuana that gets you High, CBD products are perfectly legal and available to ship around the United States.
For more of Mingle Media TV’s Red Carpet Report coverage, please visit our website and follow us on Twitter and Facebook here:
www.facebook.com/minglemediatvnetwork
A diagram showing the general process by which fats and fat-soluble molecules are broken down and absorbed by the digestive system. After processing, fat-soluble molecules are taken into the cells lining the intestine, where they are packaged and routed to the lymph vessel.
When eaten, cannabinoids and other fat-soluble bioactive molecules take a circuitous route to the bloodstream. In the intestine, fat globules carrying bioactive molecules are broken down into smaller droplets by bile salts and enzymes. The resulting bubble-like micelles can enter the cells lining the gut. There, micelles are packaged into lipid nanoparticles and ferried to the lymphatic system, eventually reaching the bloodstream. If the bioactive compound has been modified to make it water-soluble, it may skip the lymphatic route and go directly to the bloodstream.
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Read more in Knowable Magazine
Foods and beverages containing cannabis are popular, but probing their effects is difficult. Scientists are scouring existing studies and knowledge from nutrition research to learn how these products interact with the body.
knowablemagazine.org/article/food-environment/2021/buildi...
Take a deeper dive: Selected scholarly reviews
Enhancing Efficacy, Performance, and Reliability of Cannabis Edibles: Insights from Lipid Bioavailability Studies, Annual Review of Food Science and Technology
Studies of fat-soluble bioactive molecules, such as nutraceuticals and vitamins, can inform how the body absorbs cannabis edibles and help guide the design of these consumable products.
www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev-food-032519-051834
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Knowable Magazine from Annual Reviews is a digital publication that seeks to make scientific knowledge accessible to all. Through compelling articles, beautiful graphics, engaging videos and more, Knowable Magazine explores the real-world impact of research through a journalistic lens. All content is rooted in deep reporting and undergoes a thorough fact-checking before publication.
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As Hollywood's Biggest Night looms, the nights of Red Carpet interviews, ancillary awards shows, glad-handing anyone and everyone who had a part in making the projects that people spent years of their lives dedicated to, just for the recognition of their peers and the world, the daytime Gifting Suites are kind of a way for the movers and shakers to discover some new things they may have never known they need, to make their lives easier during that next project.
Get the Story from the Red Carpet Report Team, follow us on Twitter and Facebook at:
www.facebook.com/RedCarpetReportTV
www.youtube.com/MingleMediaTVNetwork
This Gifting Suite event was held on Friday, March 2nd, in the heart of Hollywood, hosted by the Celebrity Connected team.
The King Kong of suites, around 50 vendor tables in a massive ballroom, 3 aisles with a dizzying number of new baubles and self care products from beyond the imagination, starting with the most impressive display, was Blush & Whimsy several covered smaller tables overflowing with floral arrangements, with their gifting boxes nestled among the blooms, a blossom wall with foot lighting reminiscent of the KimYe wedding photo presenting, under a glass bell jar, the three lipstick tubes being gifted. 10/10 on presentation. Each lipstick has a tiny flower inside, they're also translucent, and they change color based on your skin temperature and pH. *mindblown.gif*
The coolest thing there was the ZUS Smart Car Charger from Nonda in a limited edition gold version. What makes the ZUS special is its the Nest digital thermostat for your car... a simple plug-in that you link to an app for iOS or Android, and it makes it so you can find your car easier when parking, lets you share your parking spot with friends via the app, tracks your mileage, gives you a report on your car's battery health, parking meter alert, dual position USB port so however you plug in, it'll always be right. *USB Superposition.gif* Oh, and it will double the charging speed for your phone. when plugged in... a quick glance at their website Nonda.co they've got everything you'd need to upgrade your car like a cyborg... back up camera, tire pressure sensor, and more... they have the technology and its well under Steve Austin's $6 Million Dollar price tag...
What looked like the most fun was You've Got Crabs a stepped-up version of Go Fish, with an expansion pack that involves shaming one of your friends and they, have to play the remainder of the game wearing rubber crab claws. Designed by the same people who made "Exploding Kittens" featuring art by The Oatmeal I'm not doing the rules or anything about it really much justice, but it looks like it will be a great party game.
There were so many products on display from a Shea Butter sculpture of the Burj Khalifa, to a copper hair mask, chocolate scented perfume, the best apple juice I've ever had, cans of flavored workout water, several chocolatiers, a bespoke pet bed designer from Australia, cold brew coffee, kids clothes that would make Pharrell jealous, contoured pillows, Scandinavian sex toys and a strawberry & habanero pepper jelly to a Las Vegas-based cookie baker who feeds the homeless. But, no gifting suite would be complete without Cyndie Wade and her hand painted wine glasses honoring the nominees.
One last thing... there were two booths, which, Celebrity Connected always seems to have a medicinal cannabis booth or two each event, sadly UPS never delivered either booth's product before the gift suite, so they were reliant on the few samples they had with them, both focused on CBD the non-psychoactive part of marijuana, CBD is the pain reliever and has a myriad of medicinal uses as salves, sprays, and smokeables to help with any number of health issues. Infinite CBD out of Colorado has topicals, vegan gummies, capsules, soap, and specialty CBD delivery systems they call "Rocket Ships" to deal with cramps, and more. The other vendor was S&J Natural Products now, I couldn't quite understand what the gentleman from S&J was saying about bioavailability and Acuity Blends with adaptogenic herbs or microencapsulation or who sizes chained triglycerides. I did try their Oracle Mist with over 75 bioactive terpenes, I'm not sure if it's meant to be a facial spray or some kind of CBD Binaca... but I do not recommend spraying it in your mouth, its fine initially, but I guess as the terpenes bioactivated, it overloaded my tastebuds...
I'm going to recommend InfiniteCBD over S&J's three dollar words and snake oil tactics, as I'm writing this, I'm on their site the products cost more, for less quantity and what I do know about Terpenes is, they're really just the oils that give the cannabis its aroma. If you're adverse to opioids for pain relief and management, CBD in its many delivery methods is certainly worth checking out, because it is not the part of marijuana that gets you High, CBD products are perfectly legal and available to ship around the United States.
For more of Mingle Media TV’s Red Carpet Report coverage, please visit our website and follow us on Twitter and Facebook here:
www.facebook.com/minglemediatvnetwork
Um texto, em português, da Wikipédia:
Hibiscus
Hibiscus L. é um gênero botânico, com cerca de 300 espécies, inserido na família das Malvaceae, com flores e folhas exuberantes. Devido à nova taxonomia pela filogenética (Angiosperm Phylogeny Group), muitas espécies que pertenciam a esse gênero estão migrando para outros gêneros. Por exemplo: Hibiscus esculentus L., a planta do quiabo, agora é Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench. O cultivo dos exemplares do gênero, tanto ornamental como econômico, está disseminado nas regiões subtropicais e tropicais, cuidando para não sofrerem com geadas e temperaturas baixas constantes.
Etimologia:
Hibiscus significa Ísis (deusa egípcia), em grego.
Sinonímia:
Bombycidendron Zoll. & Moritzi
Bombycodendron Hassk.
Brockmania W. Fitzg.
Fioria Mattei
Espécies:
Hibiscus acetosella
Hibiscus x archeri (híbrido)
Hibiscus arnottianus
Hibiscus bifurcatus
Hibiscus brackenridgei
Hibiscus calyphyllus
Hibiscus cameronii
Hibiscus cannabinus
Hibiscus chitra
Hibiscus cisplatinus
Hibiscus clayi
Hibiscus coccineus
Hibiscus denisonii
Hibiscus diversifolius
Hibiscus elatus
Hibiscus furcellatus
Hibiscus fuscus
Hibiscus grandiflorus
Hibiscus hastatus
Hibiscus heterophyllus
Hibiscus indicus
Hibiscus kokio
Hibiscus lasiocarpos
Hibiscus lavaterioides
Hibiscus lobatus
Hibiscus ludwigii
Hibiscus macrophyllus
Hibiscus mastersianus
Hibiscus militaris
Hibiscus moscheutos
Hibiscus mutabilis (malva-rosa)
Hibiscus paramutabilis
Hibiscus pedunculatus
Hibiscus pernambucensis (guanxuma-do-mangue)
Hibiscus platanifolius
Hibiscus radiatus
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (hibisco)
Hibiscus sabdariffa (vinagreira)
Hibiscus schizopetalus (hibisco-crespo)
Hibiscus scottii
Hibiscus sinosyriacus
Hibiscus splendens
Hibiscus syriacus (hibisco-da-síria)
Hibiscus tiliaceus (algodoeiro-da-praia)
Hibiscus trionum (flor-de-todas-as-horas)
Hibiscus waimeae
Hibiscus dioscorides
Hibiscus diriffan
Hibiscus escobariae
Hibiscus noli-tangere
Hibiscus quattenensis
Hibiscus socotranus
Hibiscus stenanthus
Portugal:
Em Portugal este género está representado por 2 espécies, presentes em Portugal Continental, a primeira nativa, a segunda introduzida:1
Hibiscus palustris L.
Hibiscus trionum L.
Classificação do gênero:
Sistema Classificação Referência
Linné Classe Monadelphia, ordem Polyandria Species plantarum (1753)
Papuodendron C. T. White
Pariti Adans.
Talipariti Fryxell
Wilhelminia Hochr.
A text, in english, from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia:
Hibiscus
For other uses, see Hibiscus (disambiguation).
Hibiscus
Hibiscus flower TZ.jpg
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Angiosperms
Class: Eudicots
Order: Malvales
Family: Malvaceae
Subfamily: Malvoideae
Tribe: Hibisceae
Genus: Hibiscus
L.
Species
232 species
Synonyms
Bombycidendron Zoll. & Moritzi
Bombycodendron Hassk.
Brockmania W.Fitzg.
Pariti Adans.
Wilhelminia Hochr.
Hibiscus (/hɨˈbɪskəs/ or /haɪˈbɪskəs/) is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae. It is quite large, containing several hundred species that are native to warm-temperate, subtropical and tropical regions throughout the world. Member species are often noted for their showy flowers and are commonly known simply as hibiscus, or less widely known as rose mallow. The genus includes both annual and perennial herbaceous plants, as well as woody shrubs and small trees. The generic name is derived from the Greek word ἱβίσκος (hibískos), which was the name Pedanius Dioscorides (ca. 40–90) gave to Althaea officinalis.
Description:
The leaves are alternate, ovate to lanceolate, often with a toothed or lobed margin. The flowers are large, conspicuous, trumpet-shaped, with five or more petals, color from white to pink, red, orange, purple or yellow, and from 4–18 cm broad. Flower color in certain species, such as H. mutabilis and H. tiliaceus, changes with age.[5] The fruit is a dry five-lobed capsule, containing several seeds in each lobe, which are released when the capsule dehisces (splits open) at maturity. It is of red and white colours. It is an example of complete flowers.
Uses:
Symbolism and culture
Hibiscus species represent nations: Hibiscus syriacus is the national flower of South Korea, and Hibiscus rosa-sinensis is the national flower of Malaysia. The hibiscus is the national flower of Haiti. The red hibiscus is the flower of the Hindu goddess Kali, and appears frequently in depictions of her in the art of Bengal, India, often with the goddess and the flower merging in form. The hibiscus is used as an offering to goddess Kali and Lord Ganesha in Hindu worship.
In the Philippines, the gumamela (local name for hibiscus) is used by children as part of a bubble-making pastime. The flowers and leaves are crushed until the sticky juices come out. Hollow papaya stalks are then dipped into this and used as straws for blowing bubbles.
The hibiscus flower is traditionally worn by Tahitian and Hawaiian girls. If the flower is worn behind the left ear, the woman is married or in a relationship. If the flower is worn on the right, she is single or openly available for a relationship. The hibiscus is Hawaii's state flower.
Nigerian author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie named her first novel Purple Hibiscus after the delicate flower.
The bark of the hibiscus contains strong bast fibres that can be obtained by letting the stripped bark set in the sea to let the organic material rot away.
Landscaping
Many species are grown for their showy flowers or used as landscape shrubs, and are used to attract butterflies, bees, and hummingbirds.
Paper
One species of Hibiscus, known as kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus), is extensively used in paper-making.
Beverage
Main article: Hibiscus tea
The tea made of hibiscus flowers is known by many names in many countries around the world and is served both hot and cold. The beverage is well known for its color, tanginess and flavor.
It is known as bissap in West Africa, agua de jamaica in Mexico and Honduras (the flower being flor de jamaica) and gudhal (गुड़हल) in India. Some refer to it as roselle, a common name for the hibiscus flower. In Jamaica, Trinidad and many other islands in the Caribbean, the drink is known as sorrel (Hibiscus sabdariffa; not to be confused with Rumex acetosa, a species sharing the common name sorrel). In Ghana, the drink is known as soobolo in one of the local languages.
Roselle is typically boiled in an enamel-coated large stock pot as most West Indians believe the metal from aluminum, steel or copper pots will destroy the natural minerals and vitamins.[citation needed]
In Cambodia, a cold beverage can be prepared by first steeping the petals in hot water until the colors are leached from the petals, then adding lime juice (which turns the beverage from dark brown/red to a bright red), sweeteners (sugar/honey) and finally cold water/ice cubes.
In Egypt,[citation needed] Sudan and the Arab world, hibiscus tea is known as karkadé (كركديه), and is served as both a hot and a cold drink.
Food
Dried hibiscus is edible, and it is often a delicacy in Mexico. It can also be candied and used as a garnish.
The roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) is used as a vegetable. The species Hibiscus suratensis Linn synonymous to Hibiscus aculeatus G. Don is noted in Visayas Philippines being a souring ingredient for almost all local vegetables and menus. Known as Labog in the Visayan area, (or Labuag/Sapinit in Tagalog), the species is a very good ingredient in cooking native chicken soup. Certain species of hibiscus are also beginning to be used more widely as a natural source of food coloring (E163),[citation needed] and replacement of Red #3 / E127.
Hibiscus species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidopteran species, including Chionodes hibiscella, Hypercompe hambletoni, the nutmeg moth, and the turnip moth.
Health benefits
The tea is popular as a natural diuretic; it contains vitamin C and minerals, and is used traditionally as a mild medicine.
A 2008 USDA study shows consuming hibiscus tea lowers blood pressure in a group of prehypertensive and mildly hypertensive adults. Three cups of tea daily resulted in an average drop of 8.1 mmHg in their systolic blood pressure, compared to a 1.3 mmHg drop in the volunteers who drank the placebo beverage. Study participants with higher blood pressure readings (129 or above) had a greater response to hibiscus tea: their systolic blood pressure went down by 13.2 mmHg. These data support the idea that drinking hibiscus tea in an amount readily incorporated into the diet may play a role in controlling blood pressure, although more research is required.
Studies have demonstrated the anti-hypertensive effects of H. sabdariffa in both humans and animals. It has been proposed that the antihypertensive effects of H. sabdariffa is due to its angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibiting activity. In a randomized, controlled clinical trial involving 39 patients with mild to moderate hypertension, Captopril was compared to an extract of H. sabdariffa for antihypertensive effects. Subjects taking an extract of H.sabdariffa, consumed daily before breakfast for four weeks, found reduction in blood pressure similar to Captopril. Another randomized, placebo clinical trial involving 54 study participants with moderate hypertension demonstrated a reduction in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. However upon discontinuation of treatment, both systolic and diastolic blood pressures were subsequently elevated.
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis has a number of medical uses in Chinese herbology. Lokapure s.g.et al. their research indicates some potential in cosmetic skin care; for example, an extract from the flowers of Hibiscus rosa- sinensis has been shown to function as an anti-solar agent by absorbing ultraviolet radiation.
In the Indian traditional system of medicine, Ayurveda, hibiscus, especially white hibiscus and red hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis), is considered to have medicinal properties. The roots are used to make various concoctions believed to cure ailments such as cough, hair loss or hair greying. As a hair treatment, the flowers are boiled in oil along with other spices to make a medicated hair oil. The leaves and flowers are ground into a fine paste with a little water, and the resulting lathery paste is used as a shampoo plus conditioner.
Hibiscus tea also contains bioflavonoids, which are believed to help prevent an increase in LDL cholesterol, which can increase the buildup of plaque in the arteries.
A previous animal study demonstrated the effects of H.sabdariffa extract on atherosclerosis in rabbits. Notably, a reduction in triglyceride, cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein was observed in rabbits consuming a high cholesterol diet (HCD) in addition to H.sabdariffa extract compared to rabbits only fed HCD, suggesting a beneficial effect.[16] Furthermore, the H. sabdariffa seed is abundant in phytosterol and tocopherol, plant forms of cholesterol that have antioxidant and LDL cholesterol lowering effects.
Precautions and Contraindications:
Pregnancy and Lactation
While the mechanism is not well understood, previous animal studies have demonstrated both an inhibitory effect of H. sabdariffa on muscle tone and the anti-fertility effects of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, respectively. The extract of H. sabdariffa has been shown to stimulate contraction of the rat bladder and uterus; the H.rosa-sinensis extract has exhibited contraceptive effects in the form of estrogen activity in rats. These findings have not been observed in humans. The Hibiscus rosa-sinensis is also thought to have emmenagogue effects which can stimulate menstruation and, in some women, cause an abortion. Due to the documented adverse effects in animal studies and the reported pharmacological properties, the H. sabdariffa and H.rosa-sinensis are not recommended for use during pregnancy. Additionally, they are not recommended while breastfeeding due to the lack of reliable information on its safety and use.
Contraindications
No contraindications have been identified.
Adverse Effects
Drug Interactions
It is postulated that H. sabdariffa interacts with diclofenac, chloroquine and acetaminophen by altering the pharmacokinetics. In healthy human volunteers, the H. sabdariffa extract was found to reduce the excretion of diclofenac upon co-administration. Additionally, co-administration of Karkade (H. sabdariffa), a common Sudanese beverage, was found to reduce chloroquine bioavailability. However, no statistically significant changes were observed in the pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen when administered with the Zobo (H.sabdariffa) drink. Further studies are needed to demonstrate clinical significance.
Species:
In temperate zones, probably the most commonly grown ornamental species is Hibiscus syriacus, the common garden hibiscus, also known in some areas as the "Rose of Althea" or "Rose of Sharon" (but not to be confused with the unrelated Hypericum calycinum, also called "Rose of Sharon"). In tropical and subtropical areas, the Chinese hibiscus (H. rosa-sinensis), with its many showy hybrids, is the most popular hibiscus.
Several hundred species are known, including:
Hibiscis acapulcensis
Hibiscus acetosella Welw. ex Hiern.—False Roselle
Hibiscus acicularis
Hibiscus aculeatus—Comfortroot
Hibiscus altissimus
Hibiscus andongensis
Hibiscus angolensis
Hibiscus aponeurus[26]
Hibiscus archeri—Archer's Hibiscus
Hibiscus aridicola
Hibiscus arnottianus A.Gray—Kokiʻo ʻula (Hawaii)
Hibiscus asper—Bush Roselle
Hibiscus austroyunnanensis
Hibiscus barbosae
Hibiscus benguellensis
Hibiscus berberidifolius
Hibiscus bernieri
Hibiscus bifurcatus—Fork-bracted Rosemallow
Hibiscus biseptus—Arizona Rosemallow
Hibiscus bojerianus
Hibiscus boryanus—Foulsapate Marron
Hibiscus brackenridgei A.Gray—Hawaiian hibiscus Maʻo hau hele
Hibiscus burtt-davyi
Hibiscus caerulescens
Hibiscus caesius—Dark-eyed Hibiscus (South Africa)
Hibiscus calyphyllus—Lemonyellow Rosemallow (Tropical Africa)
Hibiscus cameronii—Cameron's Hibiscus, Pink Hibiscus
Hibiscus cannabinus L.—Kenaf
Hibiscus castroi
Hibiscus cisplatinus—Rosa Del Rio
Hibiscus citrinus-
Hibiscus clayi O.Deg. & I.Deg.—Hawaiian red hibiscus (Hawaii)
Hibiscus clypeatus—Congo Mahoe
Hibiscus coccineus (Medik.) Walter—Scarlet Rosemallow
Hibiscus colimensis
Hibiscus columnaris—Mahot Rempart
Hibiscus comoensis
Hibiscus congestiflorus
Hibiscus costatus
Hibiscus coulteri—Desert Rosemallow
Hibiscus cuanzensis
Hibiscus dasycalyx—Neches River Rosemallow
Hibiscus denudatus Benth.—Pale Face (Southwestern United States, Northwestern Mexico)
Hibiscus dimidiatus
Hibiscus dioscorides A.G.Mill. (es/pt) (Yemen)
Hibiscus diplocrater
Hibiscus diriffan A.G.Mill. (Yemen)
Hibiscus diversifolius—Swamp Hibiscus
Hibiscus dongolensis
Hibiscus donianus
Hibiscus elatus—Mahoe
Hibiscus elegans
Hibiscus engleri—Wild Hibiscus
Hibiscus escobariae
Hibiscus excellii
Hibiscus ferrugineus
Hibiscus ficalhoanus
Hibiscus flavoroseus
Hibiscus fragilis DC.—Mandrinette (Mascarene Islands)
Hibiscus fragrans
Hibiscus fritzscheae
Hibiscus furcellatus Desr.—Lindenleaf rosemallow (Caribbean, Florida, Central America, South America, Hawaii)
Hibiscus fugosioides
Hibiscus furcellatus—Salad Hibiscus
Hibiscus fuscus
Hibiscus genevii Bojer (Mauritius)
Hibiscus gilletii
Hibiscus gossweileri
Hibiscus grandidieri
Hibiscus grandiflorus Michx.—Swamp rosemallow (Southeastern United States)
Hibiscus grandistipulatus
Hibiscus grewiifolius
Hibiscus hamabo
Hibiscus hastatus
Hibiscus heterophyllus—Native rosella
Hibiscus hirtus—Lesser Mallow
Hibiscus hispidissimus
Hibiscus huellensis
Hibiscus hybridus
Hibiscus indicus
Hibiscus insularis Endl.—Phillip Island hibiscus (Phillip Island)
Hibiscus integrifolius
Hibiscus jaliscensis
Hibiscus kochii
Hibiscus kokio—Red Rosemallow
Hibiscus labordei
Hibiscus laevis All. (=H. militaris)—Halberd-leaved rosemallow (central and eastern North America)
Hibiscus lasiocarpos—Woolly Rosemallow
Hibiscus lasiococcus
Hibiscus lavaterioides
Hibiscus laxiflorus
Hibiscus leptocladus ([Northwest Australia])
Hibiscus leviseminus
Hibiscus lilacinus—Lilac Hibiscus
Hibiscus liliiflorus—Rodrigues Tree Hibiscus
Hibiscus longifolius
Hibiscus longisepalus
Hibiscus ludwigii
Hibiscus lunariifolius
Hibiscus macrogonus
Hibiscus macrophyllus—Largeleaf Rosemallow
Hibiscus macropodus
Hibiscus makinoi—Okinawan Hibiscus
Hibiscus malacophyllus Balf.f. (Yemen)
Hibiscus malacospermus
Hibiscus martianus—Heartleaf Rosemallow
Hibiscus moscheutos Welw. ex Hiern.—Crimsoneyed Rosemallow (Central and Eastern North America)
Hibiscus mutabilis L.—Cotton Rosemallow, Confederate Rose (East Asia)
Hibiscus paramutabilis
Hibiscus pedunculatus
Hibiscus pernambucensis—Seaside Mahoe
Hibiscus phoeniceus—Brazilian Rosemallow
Hibiscus platanifolius
Hibiscus quattenensis
Hibiscus poeppigii—Poeppig's Rosemallow
Hibiscus radiatus—Monarch Rosemallow
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.—Chinese hibiscus (East Asia)
Hibiscus sabdariffa L.—Roselle, Omutete, or Sorrel
Hibiscus schizopetalus—Fringed Rosemallow
Hibiscus scottii
Hibiscus socotranus
Hibiscus sinosyriacus
Hibiscus splendens
Hibiscus stenanthus Balf.f. (Yemen)
Hibiscus striatus—Striped Rosemallow
Hibiscus syriacus L. (Type species)—Rose of Sharon (Asia)
Hibiscus tiliaceus L.—Sea hibiscus (Australia, Southeast Asia, Oceania)
Hibiscus trilobus—Threelobe Rosemallow
Hibiscus trionum L.—Flower-of-an-Hour
Hibiscus vitifolius—Tropical Rose Mallow
Hibiscus waimeae A.Heller—Kokiʻo keʻokeʻo (Hawaii)
Um texto, em português, da Wikipédia:
Hibiscus
Hibiscus L. é um gênero botânico, com cerca de 300 espécies, inserido na família das Malvaceae, com flores e folhas exuberantes. Devido à nova taxonomia pela filogenética (Angiosperm Phylogeny Group), muitas espécies que pertenciam a esse gênero estão migrando para outros gêneros. Por exemplo: Hibiscus esculentus L., a planta do quiabo, agora é Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench. O cultivo dos exemplares do gênero, tanto ornamental como econômico, está disseminado nas regiões subtropicais e tropicais, cuidando para não sofrerem com geadas e temperaturas baixas constantes.
Etimologia:
Hibiscus significa Ísis (deusa egípcia), em grego.
Sinonímia:
Bombycidendron Zoll. & Moritzi
Bombycodendron Hassk.
Brockmania W. Fitzg.
Fioria Mattei
Espécies:
Hibiscus acetosella
Hibiscus x archeri (híbrido)
Hibiscus arnottianus
Hibiscus bifurcatus
Hibiscus brackenridgei
Hibiscus calyphyllus
Hibiscus cameronii
Hibiscus cannabinus
Hibiscus chitra
Hibiscus cisplatinus
Hibiscus clayi
Hibiscus coccineus
Hibiscus denisonii
Hibiscus diversifolius
Hibiscus elatus
Hibiscus furcellatus
Hibiscus fuscus
Hibiscus grandiflorus
Hibiscus hastatus
Hibiscus heterophyllus
Hibiscus indicus
Hibiscus kokio
Hibiscus lasiocarpos
Hibiscus lavaterioides
Hibiscus lobatus
Hibiscus ludwigii
Hibiscus macrophyllus
Hibiscus mastersianus
Hibiscus militaris
Hibiscus moscheutos
Hibiscus mutabilis (malva-rosa)
Hibiscus paramutabilis
Hibiscus pedunculatus
Hibiscus pernambucensis (guanxuma-do-mangue)
Hibiscus platanifolius
Hibiscus radiatus
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (hibisco)
Hibiscus sabdariffa (vinagreira)
Hibiscus schizopetalus (hibisco-crespo)
Hibiscus scottii
Hibiscus sinosyriacus
Hibiscus splendens
Hibiscus syriacus (hibisco-da-síria)
Hibiscus tiliaceus (algodoeiro-da-praia)
Hibiscus trionum (flor-de-todas-as-horas)
Hibiscus waimeae
Hibiscus dioscorides
Hibiscus diriffan
Hibiscus escobariae
Hibiscus noli-tangere
Hibiscus quattenensis
Hibiscus socotranus
Hibiscus stenanthus
Portugal:
Em Portugal este género está representado por 2 espécies, presentes em Portugal Continental, a primeira nativa, a segunda introduzida:1
Hibiscus palustris L.
Hibiscus trionum L.
Classificação do gênero:
Sistema Classificação Referência
Linné Classe Monadelphia, ordem Polyandria Species plantarum (1753)
Papuodendron C. T. White
Pariti Adans.
Talipariti Fryxell
Wilhelminia Hochr.
A text, in english, from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia:
Hibiscus
For other uses, see Hibiscus (disambiguation).
Hibiscus
Hibiscus flower TZ.jpg
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Angiosperms
Class: Eudicots
Order: Malvales
Family: Malvaceae
Subfamily: Malvoideae
Tribe: Hibisceae
Genus: Hibiscus
L.
Species
232 species
Synonyms
Bombycidendron Zoll. & Moritzi
Bombycodendron Hassk.
Brockmania W.Fitzg.
Pariti Adans.
Wilhelminia Hochr.
Hibiscus (/hɨˈbɪskəs/ or /haɪˈbɪskəs/) is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae. It is quite large, containing several hundred species that are native to warm-temperate, subtropical and tropical regions throughout the world. Member species are often noted for their showy flowers and are commonly known simply as hibiscus, or less widely known as rose mallow. The genus includes both annual and perennial herbaceous plants, as well as woody shrubs and small trees. The generic name is derived from the Greek word ἱβίσκος (hibískos), which was the name Pedanius Dioscorides (ca. 40–90) gave to Althaea officinalis.
Description:
The leaves are alternate, ovate to lanceolate, often with a toothed or lobed margin. The flowers are large, conspicuous, trumpet-shaped, with five or more petals, color from white to pink, red, orange, purple or yellow, and from 4–18 cm broad. Flower color in certain species, such as H. mutabilis and H. tiliaceus, changes with age.[5] The fruit is a dry five-lobed capsule, containing several seeds in each lobe, which are released when the capsule dehisces (splits open) at maturity. It is of red and white colours. It is an example of complete flowers.
Uses:
Symbolism and culture
Hibiscus species represent nations: Hibiscus syriacus is the national flower of South Korea, and Hibiscus rosa-sinensis is the national flower of Malaysia. The hibiscus is the national flower of Haiti. The red hibiscus is the flower of the Hindu goddess Kali, and appears frequently in depictions of her in the art of Bengal, India, often with the goddess and the flower merging in form. The hibiscus is used as an offering to goddess Kali and Lord Ganesha in Hindu worship.
In the Philippines, the gumamela (local name for hibiscus) is used by children as part of a bubble-making pastime. The flowers and leaves are crushed until the sticky juices come out. Hollow papaya stalks are then dipped into this and used as straws for blowing bubbles.
The hibiscus flower is traditionally worn by Tahitian and Hawaiian girls. If the flower is worn behind the left ear, the woman is married or in a relationship. If the flower is worn on the right, she is single or openly available for a relationship. The hibiscus is Hawaii's state flower.
Nigerian author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie named her first novel Purple Hibiscus after the delicate flower.
The bark of the hibiscus contains strong bast fibres that can be obtained by letting the stripped bark set in the sea to let the organic material rot away.
Landscaping
Many species are grown for their showy flowers or used as landscape shrubs, and are used to attract butterflies, bees, and hummingbirds.
Paper
One species of Hibiscus, known as kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus), is extensively used in paper-making.
Beverage
Main article: Hibiscus tea
The tea made of hibiscus flowers is known by many names in many countries around the world and is served both hot and cold. The beverage is well known for its color, tanginess and flavor.
It is known as bissap in West Africa, agua de jamaica in Mexico and Honduras (the flower being flor de jamaica) and gudhal (गुड़हल) in India. Some refer to it as roselle, a common name for the hibiscus flower. In Jamaica, Trinidad and many other islands in the Caribbean, the drink is known as sorrel (Hibiscus sabdariffa; not to be confused with Rumex acetosa, a species sharing the common name sorrel). In Ghana, the drink is known as soobolo in one of the local languages.
Roselle is typically boiled in an enamel-coated large stock pot as most West Indians believe the metal from aluminum, steel or copper pots will destroy the natural minerals and vitamins.[citation needed]
In Cambodia, a cold beverage can be prepared by first steeping the petals in hot water until the colors are leached from the petals, then adding lime juice (which turns the beverage from dark brown/red to a bright red), sweeteners (sugar/honey) and finally cold water/ice cubes.
In Egypt,[citation needed] Sudan and the Arab world, hibiscus tea is known as karkadé (كركديه), and is served as both a hot and a cold drink.
Food
Dried hibiscus is edible, and it is often a delicacy in Mexico. It can also be candied and used as a garnish.
The roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) is used as a vegetable. The species Hibiscus suratensis Linn synonymous to Hibiscus aculeatus G. Don is noted in Visayas Philippines being a souring ingredient for almost all local vegetables and menus. Known as Labog in the Visayan area, (or Labuag/Sapinit in Tagalog), the species is a very good ingredient in cooking native chicken soup. Certain species of hibiscus are also beginning to be used more widely as a natural source of food coloring (E163),[citation needed] and replacement of Red #3 / E127.
Hibiscus species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidopteran species, including Chionodes hibiscella, Hypercompe hambletoni, the nutmeg moth, and the turnip moth.
Health benefits
The tea is popular as a natural diuretic; it contains vitamin C and minerals, and is used traditionally as a mild medicine.
A 2008 USDA study shows consuming hibiscus tea lowers blood pressure in a group of prehypertensive and mildly hypertensive adults. Three cups of tea daily resulted in an average drop of 8.1 mmHg in their systolic blood pressure, compared to a 1.3 mmHg drop in the volunteers who drank the placebo beverage. Study participants with higher blood pressure readings (129 or above) had a greater response to hibiscus tea: their systolic blood pressure went down by 13.2 mmHg. These data support the idea that drinking hibiscus tea in an amount readily incorporated into the diet may play a role in controlling blood pressure, although more research is required.
Studies have demonstrated the anti-hypertensive effects of H. sabdariffa in both humans and animals. It has been proposed that the antihypertensive effects of H. sabdariffa is due to its angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibiting activity. In a randomized, controlled clinical trial involving 39 patients with mild to moderate hypertension, Captopril was compared to an extract of H. sabdariffa for antihypertensive effects. Subjects taking an extract of H.sabdariffa, consumed daily before breakfast for four weeks, found reduction in blood pressure similar to Captopril. Another randomized, placebo clinical trial involving 54 study participants with moderate hypertension demonstrated a reduction in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. However upon discontinuation of treatment, both systolic and diastolic blood pressures were subsequently elevated.
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis has a number of medical uses in Chinese herbology. Lokapure s.g.et al. their research indicates some potential in cosmetic skin care; for example, an extract from the flowers of Hibiscus rosa- sinensis has been shown to function as an anti-solar agent by absorbing ultraviolet radiation.
In the Indian traditional system of medicine, Ayurveda, hibiscus, especially white hibiscus and red hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis), is considered to have medicinal properties. The roots are used to make various concoctions believed to cure ailments such as cough, hair loss or hair greying. As a hair treatment, the flowers are boiled in oil along with other spices to make a medicated hair oil. The leaves and flowers are ground into a fine paste with a little water, and the resulting lathery paste is used as a shampoo plus conditioner.
Hibiscus tea also contains bioflavonoids, which are believed to help prevent an increase in LDL cholesterol, which can increase the buildup of plaque in the arteries.
A previous animal study demonstrated the effects of H.sabdariffa extract on atherosclerosis in rabbits. Notably, a reduction in triglyceride, cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein was observed in rabbits consuming a high cholesterol diet (HCD) in addition to H.sabdariffa extract compared to rabbits only fed HCD, suggesting a beneficial effect.[16] Furthermore, the H. sabdariffa seed is abundant in phytosterol and tocopherol, plant forms of cholesterol that have antioxidant and LDL cholesterol lowering effects.
Precautions and Contraindications:
Pregnancy and Lactation
While the mechanism is not well understood, previous animal studies have demonstrated both an inhibitory effect of H. sabdariffa on muscle tone and the anti-fertility effects of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, respectively. The extract of H. sabdariffa has been shown to stimulate contraction of the rat bladder and uterus; the H.rosa-sinensis extract has exhibited contraceptive effects in the form of estrogen activity in rats. These findings have not been observed in humans. The Hibiscus rosa-sinensis is also thought to have emmenagogue effects which can stimulate menstruation and, in some women, cause an abortion. Due to the documented adverse effects in animal studies and the reported pharmacological properties, the H. sabdariffa and H.rosa-sinensis are not recommended for use during pregnancy. Additionally, they are not recommended while breastfeeding due to the lack of reliable information on its safety and use.
Contraindications
No contraindications have been identified.
Adverse Effects
Drug Interactions
It is postulated that H. sabdariffa interacts with diclofenac, chloroquine and acetaminophen by altering the pharmacokinetics. In healthy human volunteers, the H. sabdariffa extract was found to reduce the excretion of diclofenac upon co-administration. Additionally, co-administration of Karkade (H. sabdariffa), a common Sudanese beverage, was found to reduce chloroquine bioavailability. However, no statistically significant changes were observed in the pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen when administered with the Zobo (H.sabdariffa) drink. Further studies are needed to demonstrate clinical significance.
Species:
In temperate zones, probably the most commonly grown ornamental species is Hibiscus syriacus, the common garden hibiscus, also known in some areas as the "Rose of Althea" or "Rose of Sharon" (but not to be confused with the unrelated Hypericum calycinum, also called "Rose of Sharon"). In tropical and subtropical areas, the Chinese hibiscus (H. rosa-sinensis), with its many showy hybrids, is the most popular hibiscus.
Several hundred species are known, including:
Hibiscis acapulcensis
Hibiscus acetosella Welw. ex Hiern.—False Roselle
Hibiscus acicularis
Hibiscus aculeatus—Comfortroot
Hibiscus altissimus
Hibiscus andongensis
Hibiscus angolensis
Hibiscus aponeurus[26]
Hibiscus archeri—Archer's Hibiscus
Hibiscus aridicola
Hibiscus arnottianus A.Gray—Kokiʻo ʻula (Hawaii)
Hibiscus asper—Bush Roselle
Hibiscus austroyunnanensis
Hibiscus barbosae
Hibiscus benguellensis
Hibiscus berberidifolius
Hibiscus bernieri
Hibiscus bifurcatus—Fork-bracted Rosemallow
Hibiscus biseptus—Arizona Rosemallow
Hibiscus bojerianus
Hibiscus boryanus—Foulsapate Marron
Hibiscus brackenridgei A.Gray—Hawaiian hibiscus Maʻo hau hele
Hibiscus burtt-davyi
Hibiscus caerulescens
Hibiscus caesius—Dark-eyed Hibiscus (South Africa)
Hibiscus calyphyllus—Lemonyellow Rosemallow (Tropical Africa)
Hibiscus cameronii—Cameron's Hibiscus, Pink Hibiscus
Hibiscus cannabinus L.—Kenaf
Hibiscus castroi
Hibiscus cisplatinus—Rosa Del Rio
Hibiscus citrinus-
Hibiscus clayi O.Deg. & I.Deg.—Hawaiian red hibiscus (Hawaii)
Hibiscus clypeatus—Congo Mahoe
Hibiscus coccineus (Medik.) Walter—Scarlet Rosemallow
Hibiscus colimensis
Hibiscus columnaris—Mahot Rempart
Hibiscus comoensis
Hibiscus congestiflorus
Hibiscus costatus
Hibiscus coulteri—Desert Rosemallow
Hibiscus cuanzensis
Hibiscus dasycalyx—Neches River Rosemallow
Hibiscus denudatus Benth.—Pale Face (Southwestern United States, Northwestern Mexico)
Hibiscus dimidiatus
Hibiscus dioscorides A.G.Mill. (es/pt) (Yemen)
Hibiscus diplocrater
Hibiscus diriffan A.G.Mill. (Yemen)
Hibiscus diversifolius—Swamp Hibiscus
Hibiscus dongolensis
Hibiscus donianus
Hibiscus elatus—Mahoe
Hibiscus elegans
Hibiscus engleri—Wild Hibiscus
Hibiscus escobariae
Hibiscus excellii
Hibiscus ferrugineus
Hibiscus ficalhoanus
Hibiscus flavoroseus
Hibiscus fragilis DC.—Mandrinette (Mascarene Islands)
Hibiscus fragrans
Hibiscus fritzscheae
Hibiscus furcellatus Desr.—Lindenleaf rosemallow (Caribbean, Florida, Central America, South America, Hawaii)
Hibiscus fugosioides
Hibiscus furcellatus—Salad Hibiscus
Hibiscus fuscus
Hibiscus genevii Bojer (Mauritius)
Hibiscus gilletii
Hibiscus gossweileri
Hibiscus grandidieri
Hibiscus grandiflorus Michx.—Swamp rosemallow (Southeastern United States)
Hibiscus grandistipulatus
Hibiscus grewiifolius
Hibiscus hamabo
Hibiscus hastatus
Hibiscus heterophyllus—Native rosella
Hibiscus hirtus—Lesser Mallow
Hibiscus hispidissimus
Hibiscus huellensis
Hibiscus hybridus
Hibiscus indicus
Hibiscus insularis Endl.—Phillip Island hibiscus (Phillip Island)
Hibiscus integrifolius
Hibiscus jaliscensis
Hibiscus kochii
Hibiscus kokio—Red Rosemallow
Hibiscus labordei
Hibiscus laevis All. (=H. militaris)—Halberd-leaved rosemallow (central and eastern North America)
Hibiscus lasiocarpos—Woolly Rosemallow
Hibiscus lasiococcus
Hibiscus lavaterioides
Hibiscus laxiflorus
Hibiscus leptocladus ([Northwest Australia])
Hibiscus leviseminus
Hibiscus lilacinus—Lilac Hibiscus
Hibiscus liliiflorus—Rodrigues Tree Hibiscus
Hibiscus longifolius
Hibiscus longisepalus
Hibiscus ludwigii
Hibiscus lunariifolius
Hibiscus macrogonus
Hibiscus macrophyllus—Largeleaf Rosemallow
Hibiscus macropodus
Hibiscus makinoi—Okinawan Hibiscus
Hibiscus malacophyllus Balf.f. (Yemen)
Hibiscus malacospermus
Hibiscus martianus—Heartleaf Rosemallow
Hibiscus moscheutos Welw. ex Hiern.—Crimsoneyed Rosemallow (Central and Eastern North America)
Hibiscus mutabilis L.—Cotton Rosemallow, Confederate Rose (East Asia)
Hibiscus paramutabilis
Hibiscus pedunculatus
Hibiscus pernambucensis—Seaside Mahoe
Hibiscus phoeniceus—Brazilian Rosemallow
Hibiscus platanifolius
Hibiscus quattenensis
Hibiscus poeppigii—Poeppig's Rosemallow
Hibiscus radiatus—Monarch Rosemallow
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.—Chinese hibiscus (East Asia)
Hibiscus sabdariffa L.—Roselle, Omutete, or Sorrel
Hibiscus schizopetalus—Fringed Rosemallow
Hibiscus scottii
Hibiscus socotranus
Hibiscus sinosyriacus
Hibiscus splendens
Hibiscus stenanthus Balf.f. (Yemen)
Hibiscus striatus—Striped Rosemallow
Hibiscus syriacus L. (Type species)—Rose of Sharon (Asia)
Hibiscus tiliaceus L.—Sea hibiscus (Australia, Southeast Asia, Oceania)
Hibiscus trilobus—Threelobe Rosemallow
Hibiscus trionum L.—Flower-of-an-Hour
Hibiscus vitifolius—Tropical Rose Mallow
Hibiscus waimeae A.Heller—Kokiʻo keʻokeʻo (Hawaii)
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Um texto, em português, da Wikipédia:
Hibiscus
Hibiscus L. é um gênero botânico, com cerca de 300 espécies, inserido na família das Malvaceae, com flores e folhas exuberantes. Devido à nova taxonomia pela filogenética (Angiosperm Phylogeny Group), muitas espécies que pertenciam a esse gênero estão migrando para outros gêneros. Por exemplo: Hibiscus esculentus L., a planta do quiabo, agora é Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench. O cultivo dos exemplares do gênero, tanto ornamental como econômico, está disseminado nas regiões subtropicais e tropicais, cuidando para não sofrerem com geadas e temperaturas baixas constantes.
Etimologia:
Hibiscus significa Ísis (deusa egípcia), em grego.
Sinonímia:
Bombycidendron Zoll. & Moritzi
Bombycodendron Hassk.
Brockmania W. Fitzg.
Fioria Mattei
Espécies:
Hibiscus acetosella
Hibiscus x archeri (híbrido)
Hibiscus arnottianus
Hibiscus bifurcatus
Hibiscus brackenridgei
Hibiscus calyphyllus
Hibiscus cameronii
Hibiscus cannabinus
Hibiscus chitra
Hibiscus cisplatinus
Hibiscus clayi
Hibiscus coccineus
Hibiscus denisonii
Hibiscus diversifolius
Hibiscus elatus
Hibiscus furcellatus
Hibiscus fuscus
Hibiscus grandiflorus
Hibiscus hastatus
Hibiscus heterophyllus
Hibiscus indicus
Hibiscus kokio
Hibiscus lasiocarpos
Hibiscus lavaterioides
Hibiscus lobatus
Hibiscus ludwigii
Hibiscus macrophyllus
Hibiscus mastersianus
Hibiscus militaris
Hibiscus moscheutos
Hibiscus mutabilis (malva-rosa)
Hibiscus paramutabilis
Hibiscus pedunculatus
Hibiscus pernambucensis (guanxuma-do-mangue)
Hibiscus platanifolius
Hibiscus radiatus
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (hibisco)
Hibiscus sabdariffa (vinagreira)
Hibiscus schizopetalus (hibisco-crespo)
Hibiscus scottii
Hibiscus sinosyriacus
Hibiscus splendens
Hibiscus syriacus (hibisco-da-síria)
Hibiscus tiliaceus (algodoeiro-da-praia)
Hibiscus trionum (flor-de-todas-as-horas)
Hibiscus waimeae
Hibiscus dioscorides
Hibiscus diriffan
Hibiscus escobariae
Hibiscus noli-tangere
Hibiscus quattenensis
Hibiscus socotranus
Hibiscus stenanthus
Portugal:
Em Portugal este género está representado por 2 espécies, presentes em Portugal Continental, a primeira nativa, a segunda introduzida:1
Hibiscus palustris L.
Hibiscus trionum L.
Classificação do gênero:
Sistema Classificação Referência
Linné Classe Monadelphia, ordem Polyandria Species plantarum (1753)
Papuodendron C. T. White
Pariti Adans.
Talipariti Fryxell
Wilhelminia Hochr.
A text, in english, from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia:
Hibiscus
For other uses, see Hibiscus (disambiguation).
Hibiscus
Hibiscus flower TZ.jpg
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Angiosperms
Class: Eudicots
Order: Malvales
Family: Malvaceae
Subfamily: Malvoideae
Tribe: Hibisceae
Genus: Hibiscus
L.
Species
232 species
Synonyms
Bombycidendron Zoll. & Moritzi
Bombycodendron Hassk.
Brockmania W.Fitzg.
Pariti Adans.
Wilhelminia Hochr.
Hibiscus (/hɨˈbɪskəs/ or /haɪˈbɪskəs/) is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae. It is quite large, containing several hundred species that are native to warm-temperate, subtropical and tropical regions throughout the world. Member species are often noted for their showy flowers and are commonly known simply as hibiscus, or less widely known as rose mallow. The genus includes both annual and perennial herbaceous plants, as well as woody shrubs and small trees. The generic name is derived from the Greek word ἱβίσκος (hibískos), which was the name Pedanius Dioscorides (ca. 40–90) gave to Althaea officinalis.
Description:
The leaves are alternate, ovate to lanceolate, often with a toothed or lobed margin. The flowers are large, conspicuous, trumpet-shaped, with five or more petals, color from white to pink, red, orange, purple or yellow, and from 4–18 cm broad. Flower color in certain species, such as H. mutabilis and H. tiliaceus, changes with age.[5] The fruit is a dry five-lobed capsule, containing several seeds in each lobe, which are released when the capsule dehisces (splits open) at maturity. It is of red and white colours. It is an example of complete flowers.
Uses:
Symbolism and culture
Hibiscus species represent nations: Hibiscus syriacus is the national flower of South Korea, and Hibiscus rosa-sinensis is the national flower of Malaysia. The hibiscus is the national flower of Haiti. The red hibiscus is the flower of the Hindu goddess Kali, and appears frequently in depictions of her in the art of Bengal, India, often with the goddess and the flower merging in form. The hibiscus is used as an offering to goddess Kali and Lord Ganesha in Hindu worship.
In the Philippines, the gumamela (local name for hibiscus) is used by children as part of a bubble-making pastime. The flowers and leaves are crushed until the sticky juices come out. Hollow papaya stalks are then dipped into this and used as straws for blowing bubbles.
The hibiscus flower is traditionally worn by Tahitian and Hawaiian girls. If the flower is worn behind the left ear, the woman is married or in a relationship. If the flower is worn on the right, she is single or openly available for a relationship. The hibiscus is Hawaii's state flower.
Nigerian author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie named her first novel Purple Hibiscus after the delicate flower.
The bark of the hibiscus contains strong bast fibres that can be obtained by letting the stripped bark set in the sea to let the organic material rot away.
Landscaping
Many species are grown for their showy flowers or used as landscape shrubs, and are used to attract butterflies, bees, and hummingbirds.
Paper
One species of Hibiscus, known as kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus), is extensively used in paper-making.
Beverage
Main article: Hibiscus tea
The tea made of hibiscus flowers is known by many names in many countries around the world and is served both hot and cold. The beverage is well known for its color, tanginess and flavor.
It is known as bissap in West Africa, agua de jamaica in Mexico and Honduras (the flower being flor de jamaica) and gudhal (गुड़हल) in India. Some refer to it as roselle, a common name for the hibiscus flower. In Jamaica, Trinidad and many other islands in the Caribbean, the drink is known as sorrel (Hibiscus sabdariffa; not to be confused with Rumex acetosa, a species sharing the common name sorrel). In Ghana, the drink is known as soobolo in one of the local languages.
Roselle is typically boiled in an enamel-coated large stock pot as most West Indians believe the metal from aluminum, steel or copper pots will destroy the natural minerals and vitamins.[citation needed]
In Cambodia, a cold beverage can be prepared by first steeping the petals in hot water until the colors are leached from the petals, then adding lime juice (which turns the beverage from dark brown/red to a bright red), sweeteners (sugar/honey) and finally cold water/ice cubes.
In Egypt,[citation needed] Sudan and the Arab world, hibiscus tea is known as karkadé (كركديه), and is served as both a hot and a cold drink.
Food
Dried hibiscus is edible, and it is often a delicacy in Mexico. It can also be candied and used as a garnish.
The roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) is used as a vegetable. The species Hibiscus suratensis Linn synonymous to Hibiscus aculeatus G. Don is noted in Visayas Philippines being a souring ingredient for almost all local vegetables and menus. Known as Labog in the Visayan area, (or Labuag/Sapinit in Tagalog), the species is a very good ingredient in cooking native chicken soup. Certain species of hibiscus are also beginning to be used more widely as a natural source of food coloring (E163),[citation needed] and replacement of Red #3 / E127.
Hibiscus species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidopteran species, including Chionodes hibiscella, Hypercompe hambletoni, the nutmeg moth, and the turnip moth.
Health benefits
The tea is popular as a natural diuretic; it contains vitamin C and minerals, and is used traditionally as a mild medicine.
A 2008 USDA study shows consuming hibiscus tea lowers blood pressure in a group of prehypertensive and mildly hypertensive adults. Three cups of tea daily resulted in an average drop of 8.1 mmHg in their systolic blood pressure, compared to a 1.3 mmHg drop in the volunteers who drank the placebo beverage. Study participants with higher blood pressure readings (129 or above) had a greater response to hibiscus tea: their systolic blood pressure went down by 13.2 mmHg. These data support the idea that drinking hibiscus tea in an amount readily incorporated into the diet may play a role in controlling blood pressure, although more research is required.
Studies have demonstrated the anti-hypertensive effects of H. sabdariffa in both humans and animals. It has been proposed that the antihypertensive effects of H. sabdariffa is due to its angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibiting activity. In a randomized, controlled clinical trial involving 39 patients with mild to moderate hypertension, Captopril was compared to an extract of H. sabdariffa for antihypertensive effects. Subjects taking an extract of H.sabdariffa, consumed daily before breakfast for four weeks, found reduction in blood pressure similar to Captopril. Another randomized, placebo clinical trial involving 54 study participants with moderate hypertension demonstrated a reduction in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. However upon discontinuation of treatment, both systolic and diastolic blood pressures were subsequently elevated.
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis has a number of medical uses in Chinese herbology. Lokapure s.g.et al. their research indicates some potential in cosmetic skin care; for example, an extract from the flowers of Hibiscus rosa- sinensis has been shown to function as an anti-solar agent by absorbing ultraviolet radiation.
In the Indian traditional system of medicine, Ayurveda, hibiscus, especially white hibiscus and red hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis), is considered to have medicinal properties. The roots are used to make various concoctions believed to cure ailments such as cough, hair loss or hair greying. As a hair treatment, the flowers are boiled in oil along with other spices to make a medicated hair oil. The leaves and flowers are ground into a fine paste with a little water, and the resulting lathery paste is used as a shampoo plus conditioner.
Hibiscus tea also contains bioflavonoids, which are believed to help prevent an increase in LDL cholesterol, which can increase the buildup of plaque in the arteries.
A previous animal study demonstrated the effects of H.sabdariffa extract on atherosclerosis in rabbits. Notably, a reduction in triglyceride, cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein was observed in rabbits consuming a high cholesterol diet (HCD) in addition to H.sabdariffa extract compared to rabbits only fed HCD, suggesting a beneficial effect.[16] Furthermore, the H. sabdariffa seed is abundant in phytosterol and tocopherol, plant forms of cholesterol that have antioxidant and LDL cholesterol lowering effects.
Precautions and Contraindications:
Pregnancy and Lactation
While the mechanism is not well understood, previous animal studies have demonstrated both an inhibitory effect of H. sabdariffa on muscle tone and the anti-fertility effects of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, respectively. The extract of H. sabdariffa has been shown to stimulate contraction of the rat bladder and uterus; the H.rosa-sinensis extract has exhibited contraceptive effects in the form of estrogen activity in rats. These findings have not been observed in humans. The Hibiscus rosa-sinensis is also thought to have emmenagogue effects which can stimulate menstruation and, in some women, cause an abortion. Due to the documented adverse effects in animal studies and the reported pharmacological properties, the H. sabdariffa and H.rosa-sinensis are not recommended for use during pregnancy. Additionally, they are not recommended while breastfeeding due to the lack of reliable information on its safety and use.
Contraindications
No contraindications have been identified.
Adverse Effects
Drug Interactions
It is postulated that H. sabdariffa interacts with diclofenac, chloroquine and acetaminophen by altering the pharmacokinetics. In healthy human volunteers, the H. sabdariffa extract was found to reduce the excretion of diclofenac upon co-administration. Additionally, co-administration of Karkade (H. sabdariffa), a common Sudanese beverage, was found to reduce chloroquine bioavailability. However, no statistically significant changes were observed in the pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen when administered with the Zobo (H.sabdariffa) drink. Further studies are needed to demonstrate clinical significance.
Species:
In temperate zones, probably the most commonly grown ornamental species is Hibiscus syriacus, the common garden hibiscus, also known in some areas as the "Rose of Althea" or "Rose of Sharon" (but not to be confused with the unrelated Hypericum calycinum, also called "Rose of Sharon"). In tropical and subtropical areas, the Chinese hibiscus (H. rosa-sinensis), with its many showy hybrids, is the most popular hibiscus.
Several hundred species are known, including:
Hibiscis acapulcensis
Hibiscus acetosella Welw. ex Hiern.—False Roselle
Hibiscus acicularis
Hibiscus aculeatus—Comfortroot
Hibiscus altissimus
Hibiscus andongensis
Hibiscus angolensis
Hibiscus aponeurus[26]
Hibiscus archeri—Archer's Hibiscus
Hibiscus aridicola
Hibiscus arnottianus A.Gray—Kokiʻo ʻula (Hawaii)
Hibiscus asper—Bush Roselle
Hibiscus austroyunnanensis
Hibiscus barbosae
Hibiscus benguellensis
Hibiscus berberidifolius
Hibiscus bernieri
Hibiscus bifurcatus—Fork-bracted Rosemallow
Hibiscus biseptus—Arizona Rosemallow
Hibiscus bojerianus
Hibiscus boryanus—Foulsapate Marron
Hibiscus brackenridgei A.Gray—Hawaiian hibiscus Maʻo hau hele
Hibiscus burtt-davyi
Hibiscus caerulescens
Hibiscus caesius—Dark-eyed Hibiscus (South Africa)
Hibiscus calyphyllus—Lemonyellow Rosemallow (Tropical Africa)
Hibiscus cameronii—Cameron's Hibiscus, Pink Hibiscus
Hibiscus cannabinus L.—Kenaf
Hibiscus castroi
Hibiscus cisplatinus—Rosa Del Rio
Hibiscus citrinus-
Hibiscus clayi O.Deg. & I.Deg.—Hawaiian red hibiscus (Hawaii)
Hibiscus clypeatus—Congo Mahoe
Hibiscus coccineus (Medik.) Walter—Scarlet Rosemallow
Hibiscus colimensis
Hibiscus columnaris—Mahot Rempart
Hibiscus comoensis
Hibiscus congestiflorus
Hibiscus costatus
Hibiscus coulteri—Desert Rosemallow
Hibiscus cuanzensis
Hibiscus dasycalyx—Neches River Rosemallow
Hibiscus denudatus Benth.—Pale Face (Southwestern United States, Northwestern Mexico)
Hibiscus dimidiatus
Hibiscus dioscorides A.G.Mill. (es/pt) (Yemen)
Hibiscus diplocrater
Hibiscus diriffan A.G.Mill. (Yemen)
Hibiscus diversifolius—Swamp Hibiscus
Hibiscus dongolensis
Hibiscus donianus
Hibiscus elatus—Mahoe
Hibiscus elegans
Hibiscus engleri—Wild Hibiscus
Hibiscus escobariae
Hibiscus excellii
Hibiscus ferrugineus
Hibiscus ficalhoanus
Hibiscus flavoroseus
Hibiscus fragilis DC.—Mandrinette (Mascarene Islands)
Hibiscus fragrans
Hibiscus fritzscheae
Hibiscus furcellatus Desr.—Lindenleaf rosemallow (Caribbean, Florida, Central America, South America, Hawaii)
Hibiscus fugosioides
Hibiscus furcellatus—Salad Hibiscus
Hibiscus fuscus
Hibiscus genevii Bojer (Mauritius)
Hibiscus gilletii
Hibiscus gossweileri
Hibiscus grandidieri
Hibiscus grandiflorus Michx.—Swamp rosemallow (Southeastern United States)
Hibiscus grandistipulatus
Hibiscus grewiifolius
Hibiscus hamabo
Hibiscus hastatus
Hibiscus heterophyllus—Native rosella
Hibiscus hirtus—Lesser Mallow
Hibiscus hispidissimus
Hibiscus huellensis
Hibiscus hybridus
Hibiscus indicus
Hibiscus insularis Endl.—Phillip Island hibiscus (Phillip Island)
Hibiscus integrifolius
Hibiscus jaliscensis
Hibiscus kochii
Hibiscus kokio—Red Rosemallow
Hibiscus labordei
Hibiscus laevis All. (=H. militaris)—Halberd-leaved rosemallow (central and eastern North America)
Hibiscus lasiocarpos—Woolly Rosemallow
Hibiscus lasiococcus
Hibiscus lavaterioides
Hibiscus laxiflorus
Hibiscus leptocladus ([Northwest Australia])
Hibiscus leviseminus
Hibiscus lilacinus—Lilac Hibiscus
Hibiscus liliiflorus—Rodrigues Tree Hibiscus
Hibiscus longifolius
Hibiscus longisepalus
Hibiscus ludwigii
Hibiscus lunariifolius
Hibiscus macrogonus
Hibiscus macrophyllus—Largeleaf Rosemallow
Hibiscus macropodus
Hibiscus makinoi—Okinawan Hibiscus
Hibiscus malacophyllus Balf.f. (Yemen)
Hibiscus malacospermus
Hibiscus martianus—Heartleaf Rosemallow
Hibiscus moscheutos Welw. ex Hiern.—Crimsoneyed Rosemallow (Central and Eastern North America)
Hibiscus mutabilis L.—Cotton Rosemallow, Confederate Rose (East Asia)
Hibiscus paramutabilis
Hibiscus pedunculatus
Hibiscus pernambucensis—Seaside Mahoe
Hibiscus phoeniceus—Brazilian Rosemallow
Hibiscus platanifolius
Hibiscus quattenensis
Hibiscus poeppigii—Poeppig's Rosemallow
Hibiscus radiatus—Monarch Rosemallow
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.—Chinese hibiscus (East Asia)
Hibiscus sabdariffa L.—Roselle, Omutete, or Sorrel
Hibiscus schizopetalus—Fringed Rosemallow
Hibiscus scottii
Hibiscus socotranus
Hibiscus sinosyriacus
Hibiscus splendens
Hibiscus stenanthus Balf.f. (Yemen)
Hibiscus striatus—Striped Rosemallow
Hibiscus syriacus L. (Type species)—Rose of Sharon (Asia)
Hibiscus tiliaceus L.—Sea hibiscus (Australia, Southeast Asia, Oceania)
Hibiscus trilobus—Threelobe Rosemallow
Hibiscus trionum L.—Flower-of-an-Hour
Hibiscus vitifolius—Tropical Rose Mallow
Hibiscus waimeae A.Heller—Kokiʻo keʻokeʻo (Hawaii)
mecobalamin Tablets (methylcobalamin, Methycobal)
PHARMACOKINETICS:
Vitamin BI2 substances bind to intrinsic factor, a glyco-protein secreted by the gastric mucosa, and are then ac-tively absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Absorp-tion is impaired in patients with an absence of intrinsic victor, with a malabsorption syndrome or with disease or abnormality of the gut, or after gastrectomy. Ab-sorption from the gastrointestinal tract can also occur by passive diffusion; little of the vitamin present in food is absorbed in this manner although the process becomes increasingly important with larger amounts such as those used therapeutically. After intranasal dos-age, peak plasma concentrations of cyanocobalamin have been reached in l to 2 hours. The bioavailability of the intranasal preparation is about 7 to 11% of that by intramuscular injection.
Vitamin B12 is extensively bound to specific plasma proteins called transcobalamins; transcobalamin II ap-pears to he involved in the rapid transport of the co-balamins to tissues. Vitamin B12 is stored in the liver, excreted in the bile, and undergoes extensive enterohe-patic recycling; part of a dose is excreted in the urine, most of it in the first 8 hours; urinary excretion, how-ever, accounts for only a small fraction in the reduction of total body stores acquired by dietary means. Vitamin B12 diffuses across the placenta and also appears in breast milk.
INDICATION:
Vitamin B12, a water-soluble vitamin, occurs in the body mainly as methylcobalamin (mecobalamin) and as adenosylcobalamin (cobamamide) and hydroxoco-balamin. Mecobalamin and cobamamide act as coen-zymes in nucleic acid synthesis. Mecobalamin is also closely involved with folic acid in several important metabolic pathways.
Vitamin B12 deficiency can occur in strict vegetarians with an inadequate dietary intake, although it may take many years before a deficiency is produced. Deficien-cy is more likely in patients with malabsorption syn-dromes or metabolic disorders, nitrous oxide-induced megaloblastosis, or after gastrectomy or extensive ileal resection. Deficiency leads to the development of meg-aloblastic anaemias and demyelination and other neuro-logical damage. A specific anaemia known as perni-cious anaemia develops in patients with an absence of the intrinsic factor necessary for good absorption of the vitamin from dietary sources.
Vitamin B12 preparations are used in the treatment and prevention of vitamin B12 deficiency. It is essential to identify the exact cause of deficiency, preferably be-fore starting therapy. Hydroxocobalamin is generally preferred to cyanocobalamin; it binds more firmly to plasma proteins and is retained in the body longer. Cyanocobalamin and hydroxocobalamin are generally given by the intra-muscular route, although cyanocobalamin may be giv-en by mouth or intranasally. Oral cyanocobalamin may be used in treating or preventing vitamin B12 deficiency of dietary origin.
DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION:
Mecobalamin recommended doses for pernicious anaemia and other macrocytic anaemias without neurological involvement are hydroxocobalamin (or cyano-cobalamin) 250 to 1000 micrograms intramuscularly on alternate days for 1 to 2 weeks, then 250 micrograms weekly until the blood count returns to normal. Maintenance doses of 1000 micrograms of hydroxocobalamin are given every 2 to 3 month (or monthly for cyanocobalamin). If there is neurological involvement, hydroxocobalamin or cyanocobalamin may be given in doses of 1000 micrograms on alternate days and continued for as long as improvement occurs. For the prophylaxis of anaemia associated with vitamin B12, deficiency resulting from gastrectomy or malab-sorption syndromes hydroxocobalamin may be given in doses of 1000 micrograms intramuscularly every 2 or 3 months or cyanocobalamin in doses of 250 to 1000 micrograms intramuscularly each month. For vit-amin B12 deficiency of dietary origin, cyanocobalamin 50 to 150 micrograms may be taken daily by mouth be-tween meals.
Lower doses of both cyanocobalamin and hydroxoco-balamin are recommended in the USA. For the treat-ment of deficiency, the usual intramuscular dose of cyanocobalamin is 100 micrograms daily for 7 days, then on alternate days for 7 further doses, then every 3 to 4 days for 2 to 3 weeks. For hydroxocobalamin the dose is 30 to 50 micrograms daily for 5 to 10 days. For maintenance, both cyanocobalamin and hydroxoco-balamin are given at a dose of 100 to 200 micrograms monthly, based on haematological monitoring. An in-tranasal preparation of cyanocobalamin is also availa-ble for maintenance therapy, the recommended dose being 500 micrograms once weekly. Oral doses of up to 1000 micrograms of cyanocobalamin have also been used. In patients with normal gastrointestinal ab-sorption, doses of 1 to 25 micrograms daily are consid-ered sufficient as a dietary supplement.
Treatment usually results in rapid haematological im-provement and a striking clinical response. However, neurological symptoms respond more slowly and in some cases remission may not be complete.
1-lydroxocobalamin may also be given in the treatment of tobacco amblyopia and Leber's optic atrophy; initial doses are 1000 micrograms daily for 2 weeks intramuscularly followed by 1000 micrograms twice weekly for as long as improvement occurs. Thereafter, 1000 micrograms is given every 1 to 3 months.
Cyanocobalamin and hydroxocobalamin are also used in the Schilling test to investigate vitamin B12 absorp-tion and deficiency states. They are given in a non-radioactive form together with cyanocobalamin radio-actively-labelled with cobalt-57or cobalt-58 and the amount of radioactivity excreted in the urine can be used to assess absorption status. A dif-ferential Schilling test, in which the forms of cyanoco-balamin are given under different conditions can pro-vide information concerning the cause of the malabsorption. Cobamamide and mecobalamin may also be used for vitamin B12 deficiency.
ADVERSE EFFECTS:
Allergic hypersensitivity reactions have occurred rare-ly after parenteral doses of the vitamin B12 compounds cyanocobalamin and hydroxocobalamin. Antibodies to hydroxocobalamin-transcobalamin II complex have developed during hydroxocobalamin therapy.
Arrhythmias secondary to hypokalaemia have oc-curred at the beginning of parenteral treatment with hy-droxocobalamin.
Intranasal cyanocobalamin may cause rhinitis, nausea, and headache.
PRECAUTION:
Cyanocobalamin or hydroxocobalamin should, if pos-sible, not be given to patients with suspected vitamin B12 deficiency without first confirming the diagnosis. Regular monitoring of the blood is advisable. Use of doses greater than 10 micrograms daily may produce a haematological response in patients with folate defi-ciency; indiscriminate use may mask the precise diag-nosis. Conversely, folate may mask vitamin B12 defi-ciency.
Cyanocobalamin should not be used for Leber's dis-ease or tobacco amblyopia since these optic neuropa-thies may degenerate further.
CAUTION:
FOODS, DRUGS, DEVICES and COSMETICS ACT prohibits dispensing without prescription.
STORAGE CONDITION:
Store at temperatures not exceeding 30ºC.
AVAILABITY:
10 tablets/ blister pack x 500 mcg (Box of 20’s)
Manufactured by:
JIANGSU SIHUAN BIOENGINEERING CO., LTD.
No. 10, Dingshan Road Binjiang Development Zone,
Jiangyin, Jiangsu, CHINA
Um texto, em português, da Wikipédia:
Hibiscus
Hibiscus L. é um gênero botânico, com cerca de 300 espécies, inserido na família das Malvaceae, com flores e folhas exuberantes. Devido à nova taxonomia pela filogenética (Angiosperm Phylogeny Group), muitas espécies que pertenciam a esse gênero estão migrando para outros gêneros. Por exemplo: Hibiscus esculentus L., a planta do quiabo, agora é Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench. O cultivo dos exemplares do gênero, tanto ornamental como econômico, está disseminado nas regiões subtropicais e tropicais, cuidando para não sofrerem com geadas e temperaturas baixas constantes.
Etimologia:
Hibiscus significa Ísis (deusa egípcia), em grego.
Sinonímia:
Bombycidendron Zoll. & Moritzi
Bombycodendron Hassk.
Brockmania W. Fitzg.
Fioria Mattei
Espécies:
Hibiscus acetosella
Hibiscus x archeri (híbrido)
Hibiscus arnottianus
Hibiscus bifurcatus
Hibiscus brackenridgei
Hibiscus calyphyllus
Hibiscus cameronii
Hibiscus cannabinus
Hibiscus chitra
Hibiscus cisplatinus
Hibiscus clayi
Hibiscus coccineus
Hibiscus denisonii
Hibiscus diversifolius
Hibiscus elatus
Hibiscus furcellatus
Hibiscus fuscus
Hibiscus grandiflorus
Hibiscus hastatus
Hibiscus heterophyllus
Hibiscus indicus
Hibiscus kokio
Hibiscus lasiocarpos
Hibiscus lavaterioides
Hibiscus lobatus
Hibiscus ludwigii
Hibiscus macrophyllus
Hibiscus mastersianus
Hibiscus militaris
Hibiscus moscheutos
Hibiscus mutabilis (malva-rosa)
Hibiscus paramutabilis
Hibiscus pedunculatus
Hibiscus pernambucensis (guanxuma-do-mangue)
Hibiscus platanifolius
Hibiscus radiatus
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (hibisco)
Hibiscus sabdariffa (vinagreira)
Hibiscus schizopetalus (hibisco-crespo)
Hibiscus scottii
Hibiscus sinosyriacus
Hibiscus splendens
Hibiscus syriacus (hibisco-da-síria)
Hibiscus tiliaceus (algodoeiro-da-praia)
Hibiscus trionum (flor-de-todas-as-horas)
Hibiscus waimeae
Hibiscus dioscorides
Hibiscus diriffan
Hibiscus escobariae
Hibiscus noli-tangere
Hibiscus quattenensis
Hibiscus socotranus
Hibiscus stenanthus
Portugal:
Em Portugal este género está representado por 2 espécies, presentes em Portugal Continental, a primeira nativa, a segunda introduzida:1
Hibiscus palustris L.
Hibiscus trionum L.
Classificação do gênero:
Sistema Classificação Referência
Linné Classe Monadelphia, ordem Polyandria Species plantarum (1753)
Papuodendron C. T. White
Pariti Adans.
Talipariti Fryxell
Wilhelminia Hochr.
A text, in english, from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia:
Hibiscus
For other uses, see Hibiscus (disambiguation).
Hibiscus
Hibiscus flower TZ.jpg
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Angiosperms
Class: Eudicots
Order: Malvales
Family: Malvaceae
Subfamily: Malvoideae
Tribe: Hibisceae
Genus: Hibiscus
L.
Species
232 species
Synonyms
Bombycidendron Zoll. & Moritzi
Bombycodendron Hassk.
Brockmania W.Fitzg.
Pariti Adans.
Wilhelminia Hochr.
Hibiscus (/hɨˈbɪskəs/ or /haɪˈbɪskəs/) is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae. It is quite large, containing several hundred species that are native to warm-temperate, subtropical and tropical regions throughout the world. Member species are often noted for their showy flowers and are commonly known simply as hibiscus, or less widely known as rose mallow. The genus includes both annual and perennial herbaceous plants, as well as woody shrubs and small trees. The generic name is derived from the Greek word ἱβίσκος (hibískos), which was the name Pedanius Dioscorides (ca. 40–90) gave to Althaea officinalis.
Description:
The leaves are alternate, ovate to lanceolate, often with a toothed or lobed margin. The flowers are large, conspicuous, trumpet-shaped, with five or more petals, color from white to pink, red, orange, purple or yellow, and from 4–18 cm broad. Flower color in certain species, such as H. mutabilis and H. tiliaceus, changes with age.[5] The fruit is a dry five-lobed capsule, containing several seeds in each lobe, which are released when the capsule dehisces (splits open) at maturity. It is of red and white colours. It is an example of complete flowers.
Uses:
Symbolism and culture
Hibiscus species represent nations: Hibiscus syriacus is the national flower of South Korea, and Hibiscus rosa-sinensis is the national flower of Malaysia. The hibiscus is the national flower of Haiti. The red hibiscus is the flower of the Hindu goddess Kali, and appears frequently in depictions of her in the art of Bengal, India, often with the goddess and the flower merging in form. The hibiscus is used as an offering to goddess Kali and Lord Ganesha in Hindu worship.
In the Philippines, the gumamela (local name for hibiscus) is used by children as part of a bubble-making pastime. The flowers and leaves are crushed until the sticky juices come out. Hollow papaya stalks are then dipped into this and used as straws for blowing bubbles.
The hibiscus flower is traditionally worn by Tahitian and Hawaiian girls. If the flower is worn behind the left ear, the woman is married or in a relationship. If the flower is worn on the right, she is single or openly available for a relationship. The hibiscus is Hawaii's state flower.
Nigerian author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie named her first novel Purple Hibiscus after the delicate flower.
The bark of the hibiscus contains strong bast fibres that can be obtained by letting the stripped bark set in the sea to let the organic material rot away.
Landscaping
Many species are grown for their showy flowers or used as landscape shrubs, and are used to attract butterflies, bees, and hummingbirds.
Paper
One species of Hibiscus, known as kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus), is extensively used in paper-making.
Beverage
Main article: Hibiscus tea
The tea made of hibiscus flowers is known by many names in many countries around the world and is served both hot and cold. The beverage is well known for its color, tanginess and flavor.
It is known as bissap in West Africa, agua de jamaica in Mexico and Honduras (the flower being flor de jamaica) and gudhal (गुड़हल) in India. Some refer to it as roselle, a common name for the hibiscus flower. In Jamaica, Trinidad and many other islands in the Caribbean, the drink is known as sorrel (Hibiscus sabdariffa; not to be confused with Rumex acetosa, a species sharing the common name sorrel). In Ghana, the drink is known as soobolo in one of the local languages.
Roselle is typically boiled in an enamel-coated large stock pot as most West Indians believe the metal from aluminum, steel or copper pots will destroy the natural minerals and vitamins.[citation needed]
In Cambodia, a cold beverage can be prepared by first steeping the petals in hot water until the colors are leached from the petals, then adding lime juice (which turns the beverage from dark brown/red to a bright red), sweeteners (sugar/honey) and finally cold water/ice cubes.
In Egypt,[citation needed] Sudan and the Arab world, hibiscus tea is known as karkadé (كركديه), and is served as both a hot and a cold drink.
Food
Dried hibiscus is edible, and it is often a delicacy in Mexico. It can also be candied and used as a garnish.
The roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) is used as a vegetable. The species Hibiscus suratensis Linn synonymous to Hibiscus aculeatus G. Don is noted in Visayas Philippines being a souring ingredient for almost all local vegetables and menus. Known as Labog in the Visayan area, (or Labuag/Sapinit in Tagalog), the species is a very good ingredient in cooking native chicken soup. Certain species of hibiscus are also beginning to be used more widely as a natural source of food coloring (E163),[citation needed] and replacement of Red #3 / E127.
Hibiscus species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidopteran species, including Chionodes hibiscella, Hypercompe hambletoni, the nutmeg moth, and the turnip moth.
Health benefits
The tea is popular as a natural diuretic; it contains vitamin C and minerals, and is used traditionally as a mild medicine.
A 2008 USDA study shows consuming hibiscus tea lowers blood pressure in a group of prehypertensive and mildly hypertensive adults. Three cups of tea daily resulted in an average drop of 8.1 mmHg in their systolic blood pressure, compared to a 1.3 mmHg drop in the volunteers who drank the placebo beverage. Study participants with higher blood pressure readings (129 or above) had a greater response to hibiscus tea: their systolic blood pressure went down by 13.2 mmHg. These data support the idea that drinking hibiscus tea in an amount readily incorporated into the diet may play a role in controlling blood pressure, although more research is required.
Studies have demonstrated the anti-hypertensive effects of H. sabdariffa in both humans and animals. It has been proposed that the antihypertensive effects of H. sabdariffa is due to its angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibiting activity. In a randomized, controlled clinical trial involving 39 patients with mild to moderate hypertension, Captopril was compared to an extract of H. sabdariffa for antihypertensive effects. Subjects taking an extract of H.sabdariffa, consumed daily before breakfast for four weeks, found reduction in blood pressure similar to Captopril. Another randomized, placebo clinical trial involving 54 study participants with moderate hypertension demonstrated a reduction in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. However upon discontinuation of treatment, both systolic and diastolic blood pressures were subsequently elevated.
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis has a number of medical uses in Chinese herbology. Lokapure s.g.et al. their research indicates some potential in cosmetic skin care; for example, an extract from the flowers of Hibiscus rosa- sinensis has been shown to function as an anti-solar agent by absorbing ultraviolet radiation.
In the Indian traditional system of medicine, Ayurveda, hibiscus, especially white hibiscus and red hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis), is considered to have medicinal properties. The roots are used to make various concoctions believed to cure ailments such as cough, hair loss or hair greying. As a hair treatment, the flowers are boiled in oil along with other spices to make a medicated hair oil. The leaves and flowers are ground into a fine paste with a little water, and the resulting lathery paste is used as a shampoo plus conditioner.
Hibiscus tea also contains bioflavonoids, which are believed to help prevent an increase in LDL cholesterol, which can increase the buildup of plaque in the arteries.
A previous animal study demonstrated the effects of H.sabdariffa extract on atherosclerosis in rabbits. Notably, a reduction in triglyceride, cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein was observed in rabbits consuming a high cholesterol diet (HCD) in addition to H.sabdariffa extract compared to rabbits only fed HCD, suggesting a beneficial effect.[16] Furthermore, the H. sabdariffa seed is abundant in phytosterol and tocopherol, plant forms of cholesterol that have antioxidant and LDL cholesterol lowering effects.
Precautions and Contraindications:
Pregnancy and Lactation
While the mechanism is not well understood, previous animal studies have demonstrated both an inhibitory effect of H. sabdariffa on muscle tone and the anti-fertility effects of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, respectively. The extract of H. sabdariffa has been shown to stimulate contraction of the rat bladder and uterus; the H.rosa-sinensis extract has exhibited contraceptive effects in the form of estrogen activity in rats. These findings have not been observed in humans. The Hibiscus rosa-sinensis is also thought to have emmenagogue effects which can stimulate menstruation and, in some women, cause an abortion. Due to the documented adverse effects in animal studies and the reported pharmacological properties, the H. sabdariffa and H.rosa-sinensis are not recommended for use during pregnancy. Additionally, they are not recommended while breastfeeding due to the lack of reliable information on its safety and use.
Contraindications
No contraindications have been identified.
Adverse Effects
Drug Interactions
It is postulated that H. sabdariffa interacts with diclofenac, chloroquine and acetaminophen by altering the pharmacokinetics. In healthy human volunteers, the H. sabdariffa extract was found to reduce the excretion of diclofenac upon co-administration. Additionally, co-administration of Karkade (H. sabdariffa), a common Sudanese beverage, was found to reduce chloroquine bioavailability. However, no statistically significant changes were observed in the pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen when administered with the Zobo (H.sabdariffa) drink. Further studies are needed to demonstrate clinical significance.
Species:
In temperate zones, probably the most commonly grown ornamental species is Hibiscus syriacus, the common garden hibiscus, also known in some areas as the "Rose of Althea" or "Rose of Sharon" (but not to be confused with the unrelated Hypericum calycinum, also called "Rose of Sharon"). In tropical and subtropical areas, the Chinese hibiscus (H. rosa-sinensis), with its many showy hybrids, is the most popular hibiscus.
Several hundred species are known, including:
Hibiscis acapulcensis
Hibiscus acetosella Welw. ex Hiern.—False Roselle
Hibiscus acicularis
Hibiscus aculeatus—Comfortroot
Hibiscus altissimus
Hibiscus andongensis
Hibiscus angolensis
Hibiscus aponeurus[26]
Hibiscus archeri—Archer's Hibiscus
Hibiscus aridicola
Hibiscus arnottianus A.Gray—Kokiʻo ʻula (Hawaii)
Hibiscus asper—Bush Roselle
Hibiscus austroyunnanensis
Hibiscus barbosae
Hibiscus benguellensis
Hibiscus berberidifolius
Hibiscus bernieri
Hibiscus bifurcatus—Fork-bracted Rosemallow
Hibiscus biseptus—Arizona Rosemallow
Hibiscus bojerianus
Hibiscus boryanus—Foulsapate Marron
Hibiscus brackenridgei A.Gray—Hawaiian hibiscus Maʻo hau hele
Hibiscus burtt-davyi
Hibiscus caerulescens
Hibiscus caesius—Dark-eyed Hibiscus (South Africa)
Hibiscus calyphyllus—Lemonyellow Rosemallow (Tropical Africa)
Hibiscus cameronii—Cameron's Hibiscus, Pink Hibiscus
Hibiscus cannabinus L.—Kenaf
Hibiscus castroi
Hibiscus cisplatinus—Rosa Del Rio
Hibiscus citrinus-
Hibiscus clayi O.Deg. & I.Deg.—Hawaiian red hibiscus (Hawaii)
Hibiscus clypeatus—Congo Mahoe
Hibiscus coccineus (Medik.) Walter—Scarlet Rosemallow
Hibiscus colimensis
Hibiscus columnaris—Mahot Rempart
Hibiscus comoensis
Hibiscus congestiflorus
Hibiscus costatus
Hibiscus coulteri—Desert Rosemallow
Hibiscus cuanzensis
Hibiscus dasycalyx—Neches River Rosemallow
Hibiscus denudatus Benth.—Pale Face (Southwestern United States, Northwestern Mexico)
Hibiscus dimidiatus
Hibiscus dioscorides A.G.Mill. (es/pt) (Yemen)
Hibiscus diplocrater
Hibiscus diriffan A.G.Mill. (Yemen)
Hibiscus diversifolius—Swamp Hibiscus
Hibiscus dongolensis
Hibiscus donianus
Hibiscus elatus—Mahoe
Hibiscus elegans
Hibiscus engleri—Wild Hibiscus
Hibiscus escobariae
Hibiscus excellii
Hibiscus ferrugineus
Hibiscus ficalhoanus
Hibiscus flavoroseus
Hibiscus fragilis DC.—Mandrinette (Mascarene Islands)
Hibiscus fragrans
Hibiscus fritzscheae
Hibiscus furcellatus Desr.—Lindenleaf rosemallow (Caribbean, Florida, Central America, South America, Hawaii)
Hibiscus fugosioides
Hibiscus furcellatus—Salad Hibiscus
Hibiscus fuscus
Hibiscus genevii Bojer (Mauritius)
Hibiscus gilletii
Hibiscus gossweileri
Hibiscus grandidieri
Hibiscus grandiflorus Michx.—Swamp rosemallow (Southeastern United States)
Hibiscus grandistipulatus
Hibiscus grewiifolius
Hibiscus hamabo
Hibiscus hastatus
Hibiscus heterophyllus—Native rosella
Hibiscus hirtus—Lesser Mallow
Hibiscus hispidissimus
Hibiscus huellensis
Hibiscus hybridus
Hibiscus indicus
Hibiscus insularis Endl.—Phillip Island hibiscus (Phillip Island)
Hibiscus integrifolius
Hibiscus jaliscensis
Hibiscus kochii
Hibiscus kokio—Red Rosemallow
Hibiscus labordei
Hibiscus laevis All. (=H. militaris)—Halberd-leaved rosemallow (central and eastern North America)
Hibiscus lasiocarpos—Woolly Rosemallow
Hibiscus lasiococcus
Hibiscus lavaterioides
Hibiscus laxiflorus
Hibiscus leptocladus ([Northwest Australia])
Hibiscus leviseminus
Hibiscus lilacinus—Lilac Hibiscus
Hibiscus liliiflorus—Rodrigues Tree Hibiscus
Hibiscus longifolius
Hibiscus longisepalus
Hibiscus ludwigii
Hibiscus lunariifolius
Hibiscus macrogonus
Hibiscus macrophyllus—Largeleaf Rosemallow
Hibiscus macropodus
Hibiscus makinoi—Okinawan Hibiscus
Hibiscus malacophyllus Balf.f. (Yemen)
Hibiscus malacospermus
Hibiscus martianus—Heartleaf Rosemallow
Hibiscus moscheutos Welw. ex Hiern.—Crimsoneyed Rosemallow (Central and Eastern North America)
Hibiscus mutabilis L.—Cotton Rosemallow, Confederate Rose (East Asia)
Hibiscus paramutabilis
Hibiscus pedunculatus
Hibiscus pernambucensis—Seaside Mahoe
Hibiscus phoeniceus—Brazilian Rosemallow
Hibiscus platanifolius
Hibiscus quattenensis
Hibiscus poeppigii—Poeppig's Rosemallow
Hibiscus radiatus—Monarch Rosemallow
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.—Chinese hibiscus (East Asia)
Hibiscus sabdariffa L.—Roselle, Omutete, or Sorrel
Hibiscus schizopetalus—Fringed Rosemallow
Hibiscus scottii
Hibiscus socotranus
Hibiscus sinosyriacus
Hibiscus splendens
Hibiscus stenanthus Balf.f. (Yemen)
Hibiscus striatus—Striped Rosemallow
Hibiscus syriacus L. (Type species)—Rose of Sharon (Asia)
Hibiscus tiliaceus L.—Sea hibiscus (Australia, Southeast Asia, Oceania)
Hibiscus trilobus—Threelobe Rosemallow
Hibiscus trionum L.—Flower-of-an-Hour
Hibiscus vitifolius—Tropical Rose Mallow
Hibiscus waimeae A.Heller—Kokiʻo keʻokeʻo (Hawaii)
Based on our wonderfully popular creams, each lotion is still handblended and whipped. This version is from our Chai series, scented with organic essential oils, designed to stimulate the circulation and give a gentle tingle to the skin.
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Ted Ognibene of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory loads a sample in the NEC 1 MV Tandem Accelerator at the Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (CAMS). CAMS develops and applies a wide range of isotopic and ion-beam analytical tools used in basic research and technology development, including archaeology, paleoclimatology, paleoseismology, groundwater hydrogeology; carbon-cycle dynamics; oceanic and atmospheric chemistry; bioavailability, and metabolism of chemicals, toxic compounds and nutrients.
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The Amazing Benefits of Turmeric
Belonging to the ginger family, turmeric is often referred to as the “Queen of Spices,” having been used in India and the Middle East for thousands of years. Besides lending a peppery flavor to foods, turmeric has also been used for medicinal purposes in Ayurvedic and Chinese medication.
The anti-inflammatory properties of turmeric are the main reason the plant was used to treat a wide variety of conditions, such as skin, health, and beauty problems. Moreover, turmeric is rich in anti-carcinogenic, anti-viral, anti-mutagenic, and anti-bacterial properties.
Anti Inflammatory Properties
Numerous studies have confirmed the anti inflammatory properties of turmeric, which are the result of curcumin, the pigment that gives turmeric its mustard color. This compound has been shown to influence hundreds of human genes and curcumin can be of help in the following conditions that are characterized by chronic inflammation.
Chronic and Acute Inflammation
To use turmeric for chronic and acute inflammation, all that is needed is to mix it with a little water and apply it to the inflamed area. Some of the symptoms of inflammation include aching, stiffness, distress, and more. People with chronic inflammation are more at risk of developing heart disease and stroke, according to scientists at Emory University School of Medicine in Atlanta, Georgia.
Here are some of the most common conditions that have inflammation as one of their symptoms:
• Rheumatoid arthritis – this affliction causes inflammation in the joints and the tissues that surround them. At times, inflammation of other organs in the body may occur.
• Crohn’s disease – in this case, the inflammation occurs at the level of the gastrointestinal tract, most commonly in the small intestine.
• Celiac disease – symptoms include the inflammation and destruction of the small intestine’s inner lining.
• Psoriasis – inflammation occurs at skin level, but can also be sometimes noticed in the tissue that surrounds the joints.
• Graves’ disease – goiter is one of the main signs of this disease, which means that the thyroid gland gets inflamed. The tissue behind the eyes gets inflamed in this disease, which makes the eyes protrude in exophthalmia. Dermopathy is another sign of Grave’s disease and it an be recognized by inflammation of the skin on the top of the feet and shins, which tend to become puffy and red.
• Lupus – this disease causes inflammation in the lungs, heart, joints, skin, and kidney.
• Type 1 Diabetes – when diabetes is not treated and controlled, inflammation may occur in various parts of the body.
• Allergies – multiple types of allergies have inflammation as a symptom. For example, hay fever causes inflammation of the nose and asthma has inflammation of the airways as a symptom.
The anti-inflammatory properties of turmeric are so powerful that they match those of some anti-inflammatory drugs, according to a study published in Alternative Medicine Review in 2009. Another study published in 2003 in the Journal of Alternative Complementary Medicine concluded that the safety of curcumin has been demonstrated safe in six human trials.
The Role of Turmeric as an Antioxidant
The main function of antioxidants is to protect the human body from free radicals, and the chemical structure of turmeric makes it a powerful antioxidant, according to a study published in the “Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology” in 2007. Besides being an antioxidant in itself, curcumin can also boost the body’s own antioxidant enzymes.
The benefits of antioxidants include protection against a number of degenerative diseases such as heart disease, cancer, diabetes, arthritis, Alzheimer’s disease, macular degeneration, arthritis, and more. Not all antioxidants have the same effect, but turmeric has the capacity to block free radicals directly and stimulates the antioxidant mechanisms of the body subsequently.
Turmeric and Arthritis
Using turmeric in cases of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis leads to the reduction of pain, stiffness and inflammation, according to an article published in The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine in 2004. This effect is related to the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in turmeric, so consuming the plant on a regular basis results in less pain and joint inflammation.
Turmeric and Depression
Depression is one of the most common modern psychological afflictions and the curcumin in turmeric can fight against it in multiple ways. First, curcumin increases the level of neurothropic factors that contribute to the growth and survival of the nerve cells. Next, it fights against inflammatory and oxidative responses that depression is known to generate. Finally, curcumin can modulate the level of neurotransmitters in the human brain.
A controlled trial documented in the 2014 study “Efficacy and safety of curcumin in major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial” showed that the effects of curcumin on patients with depression were similar to those generated by Prozac.
Turmeric as a Natural Antibacterial and Antiseptic Agent
Turmeric has been demonstrated to act as an efficient disinfectant, which can also help repair damaged skin and has healing properties for those suffering from psoriasis. By applying turmeric on a cut or a burn, the healing process can be accelerated.
Turmeric as an Aid in Improving Digestion
Besides its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, turmeric is also highly valuable for its influence on the digestive system and the liver. By incorporating turmeric into foods, you can reduce gas and bloating and improve digestion. Moreover, turmeric is also known for stimulating bile production and stimulating its excretion via the gallbladder, which results in the improvement of the body’s ability to digest fats.
Turmeric is also helpful when it comes to treating various forms of inflammatory bowel diseases, such as ulcerative colitis. Nevertheless, you should be aware that turmeric is not a suitable choice for those who suffer from any form of gallbladder disease, as it may worsen the condition.
Fighting Against Alzheimer’s Disease With Turmeric
There is quite a lot of research into the potential role of curcumin as an Alzheimer’s treatment, with several studies showing that the plant could prevent the formation of the amyloid-beta plaques associated with Alzheimer’s disease, and even break them up. Alzheimer’s disease is a cognitive disorder caused by brain inflammation, so the anti-inflammatory properties of curcumin can be of help when it comes to enhancing the oxygen flow to the brain.
According to a study published in the Journal of Stem Cell Research & Therapy in 2014 showed that one of the essential components of turmeric, turmerone, may actually reverse the damage caused by Alzheimer’s disease. Moreover, it should be noted that turmeric is frequently consumed in India, a country where the incidence of Alzheimer’s disease is lower than average.
Tips for Sourcing High-Quality Turmeric
As there are a lot of herbal choices out there, choosing a high-quality turmeric may not be that simple. When looking for a turmeric supplement, try to learn more about the way it was sourced and avoid any genetically modified sources whenever possible. Extraction methods are also important when it comes to the purity and potency of turmeric.
When you consume turmeric as a health aid, keep in mind that curcumin is more bioavailable when combined with a dash of black pepper. An essential chemical in black pepper, piperine, is similar to curcumin when it comes to potential health benefits. According to studies, the serum levels of curcumin are lower when ingested on its own. However, when piperine is added, the bioavailability of curcumin is boosted by up to 2000 %.
methylcobalamin Injection/ Methycobal Injection / mecobalamin injection
PHARMACOKINETICS:
Vitamin BI2 substances bind to intrinsic factor, a glyco-protein secreted by the gastric mucosa, and are then ac-tively absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Absorp-tion is impaired in patients with an absence of intrinsic victor, with a malabsorption syndrome or with disease or abnormality of the gut, or after gastrectomy. Ab-sorption from the gastrointestinal tract can also occur by passive diffusion; little of the vitamin present in food is absorbed in this manner although the process becomes increasingly important with larger amounts such as those used therapeutically. After intranasal dos-age, peak plasma concentrations of cyanocobalamin have been reached in l to 2 hours. The bioavailability of the intranasal preparation is about 7 to 11% of that by intramuscular injection.
Vitamin B12 is extensively bound to specific plasma proteins called transcobalamins; transcobalamin II ap-pears to he involved in the rapid transport of the co-balamins to tissues. Vitamin B12 is stored in the liver, excreted in the bile, and undergoes extensive enterohe-patic recycling; part of a dose is excreted in the urine, most of it in the first 8 hours; urinary excretion, how-ever, accounts for only a small fraction in the reduction of total body stores acquired by dietary means. Vitamin B12 diffuses across the placenta and also appears in breast milk.
INDICATION:
Vitamin B12, a water-soluble vitamin, occurs in the body mainly as methylcobalamin (mecobalamin) and as adenosylcobalamin (cobamamide) and hydroxoco-balamin. Mecobalamin and cobamamide act as coen-zymes in nucleic acid synthesis. Mecobalamin is also closely involved with folic acid in several important metabolic pathways.
Vitamin B12 deficiency can occur in strict vegetarians with an inadequate dietary intake, although it may take many years before a deficiency is produced. Deficien-cy is more likely in patients with malabsorption syn-dromes or metabolic disorders, nitrous oxide-induced megaloblastosis, or after gastrectomy or extensive ileal resection. Deficiency leads to the development of meg-aloblastic anaemias and demyelination and other neuro-logical damage. A specific anaemia known as perni-cious anaemia develops in patients with an absence of the intrinsic factor necessary for good absorption of the vitamin from dietary sources.
Vitamin B12 preparations are used in the treatment and prevention of vitamin B12 deficiency. It is essential to identify the exact cause of deficiency, preferably be-fore starting therapy. Hydroxocobalamin is generally preferred to cyanocobalamin; it binds more firmly to plasma proteins and is retained in the body longer. Cyanocobalamin and hydroxocobalamin are generally given by the intra-muscular route, although cyanocobalamin may be giv-en by mouth or intranasally. Oral cyanocobalamin may be used in treating or preventing vitamin B12 deficiency of dietary origin.
DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION:
Mecobalamin recommended doses for pernicious anaemia and other macrocytic anaemias without neurological involvement are hydroxocobalamin (or cyano-cobalamin) 250 to 1000 micrograms intramuscularly on alternate days for 1 to 2 weeks, then 250 micrograms weekly until the blood count returns to normal. Maintenance doses of 1000 micrograms of hydroxocobalamin are given every 2 to 3 month (or monthly for cyanocobalamin). If there is neurological involvement, hydroxocobalamin or cyanocobalamin may be given in doses of 1000 micrograms on alternate days and continued for as long as improvement occurs. For the prophylaxis of anaemia associated with vitamin B12, deficiency resulting from gastrectomy or malab-sorption syndromes hydroxocobalamin may be given in doses of 1000 micrograms intramuscularly every 2 or 3 months or cyanocobalamin in doses of 250 to 1000 micrograms intramuscularly each month. For vit-amin B12 deficiency of dietary origin, cyanocobalamin 50 to 150 micrograms may be taken daily by mouth be-tween meals.
Lower doses of both cyanocobalamin and hydroxoco-balamin are recommended in the USA. For the treat-ment of deficiency, the usual intramuscular dose of cyanocobalamin is 100 micrograms daily for 7 days, then on alternate days for 7 further doses, then every 3 to 4 days for 2 to 3 weeks. For hydroxocobalamin the dose is 30 to 50 micrograms daily for 5 to 10 days. For maintenance, both cyanocobalamin and hydroxoco-balamin are given at a dose of 100 to 200 micrograms monthly, based on haematological monitoring. An in-tranasal preparation of cyanocobalamin is also availa-ble for maintenance therapy, the recommended dose being 500 micrograms once weekly. Oral doses of up to 1000 micrograms of cyanocobalamin have also been used. In patients with normal gastrointestinal ab-sorption, doses of 1 to 25 micrograms daily are consid-ered sufficient as a dietary supplement.
Treatment usually results in rapid haematological im-provement and a striking clinical response. However, neurological symptoms respond more slowly and in some cases remission may not be complete.
1-lydroxocobalamin may also be given in the treatment of tobacco amblyopia and Leber's optic atrophy; initial doses are 1000 micrograms daily for 2 weeks intramuscularly followed by 1000 micrograms twice weekly for as long as improvement occurs. Thereafter, 1000 micrograms is given every 1 to 3 months.
Cyanocobalamin and hydroxocobalamin are also used in the Schilling test to investigate vitamin B12 absorp-tion and deficiency states. They are given in a non-radioactive form together with cyanocobalamin radio-actively-labelled with cobalt-57or cobalt-58 and the amount of radioactivity excreted in the urine can be used to assess absorption status. A dif-ferential Schilling test, in which the forms of cyanoco-balamin are given under different conditions can pro-vide information concerning the cause of the malabsorption. Cobamamide and mecobalamin may also be used for vitamin B12 deficiency.
ADVERSE EFFECTS:
Allergic hypersensitivity reactions have occurred rare-ly after parenteral doses of the vitamin B12 compounds cyanocobalamin and hydroxocobalamin. Antibodies to hydroxocobalamin-transcobalamin II complex have developed during hydroxocobalamin therapy.
Arrhythmias secondary to hypokalaemia have oc-curred at the beginning of parenteral treatment with hy-droxocobalamin.
Intranasal cyanocobalamin may cause rhinitis, nausea, and headache.
PRECAUTION:
Cyanocobalamin or hydroxocobalamin should, if pos-sible, not be given to patients with suspected vitamin B12 deficiency without first confirming the diagnosis. Regular monitoring of the blood is advisable. Use of doses greater than 10 micrograms daily may produce a haematological response in patients with folate defi-ciency; indiscriminate use may mask the precise diag-nosis. Conversely, folate may mask vitamin B12 defi-ciency.
Cyanocobalamin should not be used for Leber's dis-ease or tobacco amblyopia since these optic neuropa-thies may degenerate further.
CAUTION:
FOODS, DRUGS, DEVICES and COSMETICS ACT prohibits dispensing without prescription.
STORAGE CONDITION:
Store at temperatures not exceeding 30ºC.
AVAILABITY:
10 amber ampoules x 500 mcg/mL (Box of 10’s)
Methylcobalamin Suppliers & Manufacturer:
JIANGSU SIHUAN BIOENGINEERING CO., LTD.
No. 10, Dingshan Road Binjiang Development Zone,
Jiangyin, Jiangsu, CHINA
Um texto, em português, da Wikipédia:
Hibiscus
Hibiscus L. é um gênero botânico, com cerca de 300 espécies, inserido na família das Malvaceae, com flores e folhas exuberantes. Devido à nova taxonomia pela filogenética (Angiosperm Phylogeny Group), muitas espécies que pertenciam a esse gênero estão migrando para outros gêneros. Por exemplo: Hibiscus esculentus L., a planta do quiabo, agora é Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench. O cultivo dos exemplares do gênero, tanto ornamental como econômico, está disseminado nas regiões subtropicais e tropicais, cuidando para não sofrerem com geadas e temperaturas baixas constantes.
Etimologia:
Hibiscus significa Ísis (deusa egípcia), em grego.
Sinonímia:
Bombycidendron Zoll. & Moritzi
Bombycodendron Hassk.
Brockmania W. Fitzg.
Fioria Mattei
Espécies:
Hibiscus acetosella
Hibiscus x archeri (híbrido)
Hibiscus arnottianus
Hibiscus bifurcatus
Hibiscus brackenridgei
Hibiscus calyphyllus
Hibiscus cameronii
Hibiscus cannabinus
Hibiscus chitra
Hibiscus cisplatinus
Hibiscus clayi
Hibiscus coccineus
Hibiscus denisonii
Hibiscus diversifolius
Hibiscus elatus
Hibiscus furcellatus
Hibiscus fuscus
Hibiscus grandiflorus
Hibiscus hastatus
Hibiscus heterophyllus
Hibiscus indicus
Hibiscus kokio
Hibiscus lasiocarpos
Hibiscus lavaterioides
Hibiscus lobatus
Hibiscus ludwigii
Hibiscus macrophyllus
Hibiscus mastersianus
Hibiscus militaris
Hibiscus moscheutos
Hibiscus mutabilis (malva-rosa)
Hibiscus paramutabilis
Hibiscus pedunculatus
Hibiscus pernambucensis (guanxuma-do-mangue)
Hibiscus platanifolius
Hibiscus radiatus
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (hibisco)
Hibiscus sabdariffa (vinagreira)
Hibiscus schizopetalus (hibisco-crespo)
Hibiscus scottii
Hibiscus sinosyriacus
Hibiscus splendens
Hibiscus syriacus (hibisco-da-síria)
Hibiscus tiliaceus (algodoeiro-da-praia)
Hibiscus trionum (flor-de-todas-as-horas)
Hibiscus waimeae
Hibiscus dioscorides
Hibiscus diriffan
Hibiscus escobariae
Hibiscus noli-tangere
Hibiscus quattenensis
Hibiscus socotranus
Hibiscus stenanthus
Portugal:
Em Portugal este género está representado por 2 espécies, presentes em Portugal Continental, a primeira nativa, a segunda introduzida:1
Hibiscus palustris L.
Hibiscus trionum L.
Classificação do gênero:
Sistema Classificação Referência
Linné Classe Monadelphia, ordem Polyandria Species plantarum (1753)
Papuodendron C. T. White
Pariti Adans.
Talipariti Fryxell
Wilhelminia Hochr.
A text, in english, from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia:
Hibiscus
For other uses, see Hibiscus (disambiguation).
Hibiscus
Hibiscus flower TZ.jpg
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Angiosperms
Class: Eudicots
Order: Malvales
Family: Malvaceae
Subfamily: Malvoideae
Tribe: Hibisceae
Genus: Hibiscus
L.
Species
232 species
Synonyms
Bombycidendron Zoll. & Moritzi
Bombycodendron Hassk.
Brockmania W.Fitzg.
Pariti Adans.
Wilhelminia Hochr.
Hibiscus (/hɨˈbɪskəs/ or /haɪˈbɪskəs/) is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae. It is quite large, containing several hundred species that are native to warm-temperate, subtropical and tropical regions throughout the world. Member species are often noted for their showy flowers and are commonly known simply as hibiscus, or less widely known as rose mallow. The genus includes both annual and perennial herbaceous plants, as well as woody shrubs and small trees. The generic name is derived from the Greek word ἱβίσκος (hibískos), which was the name Pedanius Dioscorides (ca. 40–90) gave to Althaea officinalis.
Description:
The leaves are alternate, ovate to lanceolate, often with a toothed or lobed margin. The flowers are large, conspicuous, trumpet-shaped, with five or more petals, color from white to pink, red, orange, purple or yellow, and from 4–18 cm broad. Flower color in certain species, such as H. mutabilis and H. tiliaceus, changes with age.[5] The fruit is a dry five-lobed capsule, containing several seeds in each lobe, which are released when the capsule dehisces (splits open) at maturity. It is of red and white colours. It is an example of complete flowers.
Uses:
Symbolism and culture
Hibiscus species represent nations: Hibiscus syriacus is the national flower of South Korea, and Hibiscus rosa-sinensis is the national flower of Malaysia. The hibiscus is the national flower of Haiti. The red hibiscus is the flower of the Hindu goddess Kali, and appears frequently in depictions of her in the art of Bengal, India, often with the goddess and the flower merging in form. The hibiscus is used as an offering to goddess Kali and Lord Ganesha in Hindu worship.
In the Philippines, the gumamela (local name for hibiscus) is used by children as part of a bubble-making pastime. The flowers and leaves are crushed until the sticky juices come out. Hollow papaya stalks are then dipped into this and used as straws for blowing bubbles.
The hibiscus flower is traditionally worn by Tahitian and Hawaiian girls. If the flower is worn behind the left ear, the woman is married or in a relationship. If the flower is worn on the right, she is single or openly available for a relationship. The hibiscus is Hawaii's state flower.
Nigerian author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie named her first novel Purple Hibiscus after the delicate flower.
The bark of the hibiscus contains strong bast fibres that can be obtained by letting the stripped bark set in the sea to let the organic material rot away.
Landscaping
Many species are grown for their showy flowers or used as landscape shrubs, and are used to attract butterflies, bees, and hummingbirds.
Paper
One species of Hibiscus, known as kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus), is extensively used in paper-making.
Beverage
Main article: Hibiscus tea
The tea made of hibiscus flowers is known by many names in many countries around the world and is served both hot and cold. The beverage is well known for its color, tanginess and flavor.
It is known as bissap in West Africa, agua de jamaica in Mexico and Honduras (the flower being flor de jamaica) and gudhal (गुड़हल) in India. Some refer to it as roselle, a common name for the hibiscus flower. In Jamaica, Trinidad and many other islands in the Caribbean, the drink is known as sorrel (Hibiscus sabdariffa; not to be confused with Rumex acetosa, a species sharing the common name sorrel). In Ghana, the drink is known as soobolo in one of the local languages.
Roselle is typically boiled in an enamel-coated large stock pot as most West Indians believe the metal from aluminum, steel or copper pots will destroy the natural minerals and vitamins.[citation needed]
In Cambodia, a cold beverage can be prepared by first steeping the petals in hot water until the colors are leached from the petals, then adding lime juice (which turns the beverage from dark brown/red to a bright red), sweeteners (sugar/honey) and finally cold water/ice cubes.
In Egypt,[citation needed] Sudan and the Arab world, hibiscus tea is known as karkadé (كركديه), and is served as both a hot and a cold drink.
Food
Dried hibiscus is edible, and it is often a delicacy in Mexico. It can also be candied and used as a garnish.
The roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) is used as a vegetable. The species Hibiscus suratensis Linn synonymous to Hibiscus aculeatus G. Don is noted in Visayas Philippines being a souring ingredient for almost all local vegetables and menus. Known as Labog in the Visayan area, (or Labuag/Sapinit in Tagalog), the species is a very good ingredient in cooking native chicken soup. Certain species of hibiscus are also beginning to be used more widely as a natural source of food coloring (E163),[citation needed] and replacement of Red #3 / E127.
Hibiscus species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidopteran species, including Chionodes hibiscella, Hypercompe hambletoni, the nutmeg moth, and the turnip moth.
Health benefits
The tea is popular as a natural diuretic; it contains vitamin C and minerals, and is used traditionally as a mild medicine.
A 2008 USDA study shows consuming hibiscus tea lowers blood pressure in a group of prehypertensive and mildly hypertensive adults. Three cups of tea daily resulted in an average drop of 8.1 mmHg in their systolic blood pressure, compared to a 1.3 mmHg drop in the volunteers who drank the placebo beverage. Study participants with higher blood pressure readings (129 or above) had a greater response to hibiscus tea: their systolic blood pressure went down by 13.2 mmHg. These data support the idea that drinking hibiscus tea in an amount readily incorporated into the diet may play a role in controlling blood pressure, although more research is required.
Studies have demonstrated the anti-hypertensive effects of H. sabdariffa in both humans and animals. It has been proposed that the antihypertensive effects of H. sabdariffa is due to its angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibiting activity. In a randomized, controlled clinical trial involving 39 patients with mild to moderate hypertension, Captopril was compared to an extract of H. sabdariffa for antihypertensive effects. Subjects taking an extract of H.sabdariffa, consumed daily before breakfast for four weeks, found reduction in blood pressure similar to Captopril. Another randomized, placebo clinical trial involving 54 study participants with moderate hypertension demonstrated a reduction in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. However upon discontinuation of treatment, both systolic and diastolic blood pressures were subsequently elevated.
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis has a number of medical uses in Chinese herbology. Lokapure s.g.et al. their research indicates some potential in cosmetic skin care; for example, an extract from the flowers of Hibiscus rosa- sinensis has been shown to function as an anti-solar agent by absorbing ultraviolet radiation.
In the Indian traditional system of medicine, Ayurveda, hibiscus, especially white hibiscus and red hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis), is considered to have medicinal properties. The roots are used to make various concoctions believed to cure ailments such as cough, hair loss or hair greying. As a hair treatment, the flowers are boiled in oil along with other spices to make a medicated hair oil. The leaves and flowers are ground into a fine paste with a little water, and the resulting lathery paste is used as a shampoo plus conditioner.
Hibiscus tea also contains bioflavonoids, which are believed to help prevent an increase in LDL cholesterol, which can increase the buildup of plaque in the arteries.
A previous animal study demonstrated the effects of H.sabdariffa extract on atherosclerosis in rabbits. Notably, a reduction in triglyceride, cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein was observed in rabbits consuming a high cholesterol diet (HCD) in addition to H.sabdariffa extract compared to rabbits only fed HCD, suggesting a beneficial effect.[16] Furthermore, the H. sabdariffa seed is abundant in phytosterol and tocopherol, plant forms of cholesterol that have antioxidant and LDL cholesterol lowering effects.
Precautions and Contraindications:
Pregnancy and Lactation
While the mechanism is not well understood, previous animal studies have demonstrated both an inhibitory effect of H. sabdariffa on muscle tone and the anti-fertility effects of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, respectively. The extract of H. sabdariffa has been shown to stimulate contraction of the rat bladder and uterus; the H.rosa-sinensis extract has exhibited contraceptive effects in the form of estrogen activity in rats. These findings have not been observed in humans. The Hibiscus rosa-sinensis is also thought to have emmenagogue effects which can stimulate menstruation and, in some women, cause an abortion. Due to the documented adverse effects in animal studies and the reported pharmacological properties, the H. sabdariffa and H.rosa-sinensis are not recommended for use during pregnancy. Additionally, they are not recommended while breastfeeding due to the lack of reliable information on its safety and use.
Contraindications
No contraindications have been identified.
Adverse Effects
Drug Interactions
It is postulated that H. sabdariffa interacts with diclofenac, chloroquine and acetaminophen by altering the pharmacokinetics. In healthy human volunteers, the H. sabdariffa extract was found to reduce the excretion of diclofenac upon co-administration. Additionally, co-administration of Karkade (H. sabdariffa), a common Sudanese beverage, was found to reduce chloroquine bioavailability. However, no statistically significant changes were observed in the pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen when administered with the Zobo (H.sabdariffa) drink. Further studies are needed to demonstrate clinical significance.
Species:
In temperate zones, probably the most commonly grown ornamental species is Hibiscus syriacus, the common garden hibiscus, also known in some areas as the "Rose of Althea" or "Rose of Sharon" (but not to be confused with the unrelated Hypericum calycinum, also called "Rose of Sharon"). In tropical and subtropical areas, the Chinese hibiscus (H. rosa-sinensis), with its many showy hybrids, is the most popular hibiscus.
Several hundred species are known, including:
Hibiscis acapulcensis
Hibiscus acetosella Welw. ex Hiern.—False Roselle
Hibiscus acicularis
Hibiscus aculeatus—Comfortroot
Hibiscus altissimus
Hibiscus andongensis
Hibiscus angolensis
Hibiscus aponeurus[26]
Hibiscus archeri—Archer's Hibiscus
Hibiscus aridicola
Hibiscus arnottianus A.Gray—Kokiʻo ʻula (Hawaii)
Hibiscus asper—Bush Roselle
Hibiscus austroyunnanensis
Hibiscus barbosae
Hibiscus benguellensis
Hibiscus berberidifolius
Hibiscus bernieri
Hibiscus bifurcatus—Fork-bracted Rosemallow
Hibiscus biseptus—Arizona Rosemallow
Hibiscus bojerianus
Hibiscus boryanus—Foulsapate Marron
Hibiscus brackenridgei A.Gray—Hawaiian hibiscus Maʻo hau hele
Hibiscus burtt-davyi
Hibiscus caerulescens
Hibiscus caesius—Dark-eyed Hibiscus (South Africa)
Hibiscus calyphyllus—Lemonyellow Rosemallow (Tropical Africa)
Hibiscus cameronii—Cameron's Hibiscus, Pink Hibiscus
Hibiscus cannabinus L.—Kenaf
Hibiscus castroi
Hibiscus cisplatinus—Rosa Del Rio
Hibiscus citrinus-
Hibiscus clayi O.Deg. & I.Deg.—Hawaiian red hibiscus (Hawaii)
Hibiscus clypeatus—Congo Mahoe
Hibiscus coccineus (Medik.) Walter—Scarlet Rosemallow
Hibiscus colimensis
Hibiscus columnaris—Mahot Rempart
Hibiscus comoensis
Hibiscus congestiflorus
Hibiscus costatus
Hibiscus coulteri—Desert Rosemallow
Hibiscus cuanzensis
Hibiscus dasycalyx—Neches River Rosemallow
Hibiscus denudatus Benth.—Pale Face (Southwestern United States, Northwestern Mexico)
Hibiscus dimidiatus
Hibiscus dioscorides A.G.Mill. (es/pt) (Yemen)
Hibiscus diplocrater
Hibiscus diriffan A.G.Mill. (Yemen)
Hibiscus diversifolius—Swamp Hibiscus
Hibiscus dongolensis
Hibiscus donianus
Hibiscus elatus—Mahoe
Hibiscus elegans
Hibiscus engleri—Wild Hibiscus
Hibiscus escobariae
Hibiscus excellii
Hibiscus ferrugineus
Hibiscus ficalhoanus
Hibiscus flavoroseus
Hibiscus fragilis DC.—Mandrinette (Mascarene Islands)
Hibiscus fragrans
Hibiscus fritzscheae
Hibiscus furcellatus Desr.—Lindenleaf rosemallow (Caribbean, Florida, Central America, South America, Hawaii)
Hibiscus fugosioides
Hibiscus furcellatus—Salad Hibiscus
Hibiscus fuscus
Hibiscus genevii Bojer (Mauritius)
Hibiscus gilletii
Hibiscus gossweileri
Hibiscus grandidieri
Hibiscus grandiflorus Michx.—Swamp rosemallow (Southeastern United States)
Hibiscus grandistipulatus
Hibiscus grewiifolius
Hibiscus hamabo
Hibiscus hastatus
Hibiscus heterophyllus—Native rosella
Hibiscus hirtus—Lesser Mallow
Hibiscus hispidissimus
Hibiscus huellensis
Hibiscus hybridus
Hibiscus indicus
Hibiscus insularis Endl.—Phillip Island hibiscus (Phillip Island)
Hibiscus integrifolius
Hibiscus jaliscensis
Hibiscus kochii
Hibiscus kokio—Red Rosemallow
Hibiscus labordei
Hibiscus laevis All. (=H. militaris)—Halberd-leaved rosemallow (central and eastern North America)
Hibiscus lasiocarpos—Woolly Rosemallow
Hibiscus lasiococcus
Hibiscus lavaterioides
Hibiscus laxiflorus
Hibiscus leptocladus ([Northwest Australia])
Hibiscus leviseminus
Hibiscus lilacinus—Lilac Hibiscus
Hibiscus liliiflorus—Rodrigues Tree Hibiscus
Hibiscus longifolius
Hibiscus longisepalus
Hibiscus ludwigii
Hibiscus lunariifolius
Hibiscus macrogonus
Hibiscus macrophyllus—Largeleaf Rosemallow
Hibiscus macropodus
Hibiscus makinoi—Okinawan Hibiscus
Hibiscus malacophyllus Balf.f. (Yemen)
Hibiscus malacospermus
Hibiscus martianus—Heartleaf Rosemallow
Hibiscus moscheutos Welw. ex Hiern.—Crimsoneyed Rosemallow (Central and Eastern North America)
Hibiscus mutabilis L.—Cotton Rosemallow, Confederate Rose (East Asia)
Hibiscus paramutabilis
Hibiscus pedunculatus
Hibiscus pernambucensis—Seaside Mahoe
Hibiscus phoeniceus—Brazilian Rosemallow
Hibiscus platanifolius
Hibiscus quattenensis
Hibiscus poeppigii—Poeppig's Rosemallow
Hibiscus radiatus—Monarch Rosemallow
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.—Chinese hibiscus (East Asia)
Hibiscus sabdariffa L.—Roselle, Omutete, or Sorrel
Hibiscus schizopetalus—Fringed Rosemallow
Hibiscus scottii
Hibiscus socotranus
Hibiscus sinosyriacus
Hibiscus splendens
Hibiscus stenanthus Balf.f. (Yemen)
Hibiscus striatus—Striped Rosemallow
Hibiscus syriacus L. (Type species)—Rose of Sharon (Asia)
Hibiscus tiliaceus L.—Sea hibiscus (Australia, Southeast Asia, Oceania)
Hibiscus trilobus—Threelobe Rosemallow
Hibiscus trionum L.—Flower-of-an-Hour
Hibiscus vitifolius—Tropical Rose Mallow
Hibiscus waimeae A.Heller—Kokiʻo keʻokeʻo (Hawaii)
Um texto, em português, da Wikipédia:
Hibiscus
Hibiscus L. é um gênero botânico, com cerca de 300 espécies, inserido na família das Malvaceae, com flores e folhas exuberantes. Devido à nova taxonomia pela filogenética (Angiosperm Phylogeny Group), muitas espécies que pertenciam a esse gênero estão migrando para outros gêneros. Por exemplo: Hibiscus esculentus L., a planta do quiabo, agora é Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench. O cultivo dos exemplares do gênero, tanto ornamental como econômico, está disseminado nas regiões subtropicais e tropicais, cuidando para não sofrerem com geadas e temperaturas baixas constantes.
Etimologia:
Hibiscus significa Ísis (deusa egípcia), em grego.
Sinonímia:
Bombycidendron Zoll. & Moritzi
Bombycodendron Hassk.
Brockmania W. Fitzg.
Fioria Mattei
Espécies:
Hibiscus acetosella
Hibiscus x archeri (híbrido)
Hibiscus arnottianus
Hibiscus bifurcatus
Hibiscus brackenridgei
Hibiscus calyphyllus
Hibiscus cameronii
Hibiscus cannabinus
Hibiscus chitra
Hibiscus cisplatinus
Hibiscus clayi
Hibiscus coccineus
Hibiscus denisonii
Hibiscus diversifolius
Hibiscus elatus
Hibiscus furcellatus
Hibiscus fuscus
Hibiscus grandiflorus
Hibiscus hastatus
Hibiscus heterophyllus
Hibiscus indicus
Hibiscus kokio
Hibiscus lasiocarpos
Hibiscus lavaterioides
Hibiscus lobatus
Hibiscus ludwigii
Hibiscus macrophyllus
Hibiscus mastersianus
Hibiscus militaris
Hibiscus moscheutos
Hibiscus mutabilis (malva-rosa)
Hibiscus paramutabilis
Hibiscus pedunculatus
Hibiscus pernambucensis (guanxuma-do-mangue)
Hibiscus platanifolius
Hibiscus radiatus
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (hibisco)
Hibiscus sabdariffa (vinagreira)
Hibiscus schizopetalus (hibisco-crespo)
Hibiscus scottii
Hibiscus sinosyriacus
Hibiscus splendens
Hibiscus syriacus (hibisco-da-síria)
Hibiscus tiliaceus (algodoeiro-da-praia)
Hibiscus trionum (flor-de-todas-as-horas)
Hibiscus waimeae
Hibiscus dioscorides
Hibiscus diriffan
Hibiscus escobariae
Hibiscus noli-tangere
Hibiscus quattenensis
Hibiscus socotranus
Hibiscus stenanthus
Portugal:
Em Portugal este género está representado por 2 espécies, presentes em Portugal Continental, a primeira nativa, a segunda introduzida:1
Hibiscus palustris L.
Hibiscus trionum L.
Classificação do gênero:
Sistema Classificação Referência
Linné Classe Monadelphia, ordem Polyandria Species plantarum (1753)
Papuodendron C. T. White
Pariti Adans.
Talipariti Fryxell
Wilhelminia Hochr.
A text, in english, from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia:
Hibiscus
For other uses, see Hibiscus (disambiguation).
Hibiscus
Hibiscus flower TZ.jpg
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Angiosperms
Class: Eudicots
Order: Malvales
Family: Malvaceae
Subfamily: Malvoideae
Tribe: Hibisceae
Genus: Hibiscus
L.
Species
232 species
Synonyms
Bombycidendron Zoll. & Moritzi
Bombycodendron Hassk.
Brockmania W.Fitzg.
Pariti Adans.
Wilhelminia Hochr.
Hibiscus (/hɨˈbɪskəs/ or /haɪˈbɪskəs/) is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae. It is quite large, containing several hundred species that are native to warm-temperate, subtropical and tropical regions throughout the world. Member species are often noted for their showy flowers and are commonly known simply as hibiscus, or less widely known as rose mallow. The genus includes both annual and perennial herbaceous plants, as well as woody shrubs and small trees. The generic name is derived from the Greek word ἱβίσκος (hibískos), which was the name Pedanius Dioscorides (ca. 40–90) gave to Althaea officinalis.
Description:
The leaves are alternate, ovate to lanceolate, often with a toothed or lobed margin. The flowers are large, conspicuous, trumpet-shaped, with five or more petals, color from white to pink, red, orange, purple or yellow, and from 4–18 cm broad. Flower color in certain species, such as H. mutabilis and H. tiliaceus, changes with age.[5] The fruit is a dry five-lobed capsule, containing several seeds in each lobe, which are released when the capsule dehisces (splits open) at maturity. It is of red and white colours. It is an example of complete flowers.
Uses:
Symbolism and culture
Hibiscus species represent nations: Hibiscus syriacus is the national flower of South Korea, and Hibiscus rosa-sinensis is the national flower of Malaysia. The hibiscus is the national flower of Haiti. The red hibiscus is the flower of the Hindu goddess Kali, and appears frequently in depictions of her in the art of Bengal, India, often with the goddess and the flower merging in form. The hibiscus is used as an offering to goddess Kali and Lord Ganesha in Hindu worship.
In the Philippines, the gumamela (local name for hibiscus) is used by children as part of a bubble-making pastime. The flowers and leaves are crushed until the sticky juices come out. Hollow papaya stalks are then dipped into this and used as straws for blowing bubbles.
The hibiscus flower is traditionally worn by Tahitian and Hawaiian girls. If the flower is worn behind the left ear, the woman is married or in a relationship. If the flower is worn on the right, she is single or openly available for a relationship. The hibiscus is Hawaii's state flower.
Nigerian author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie named her first novel Purple Hibiscus after the delicate flower.
The bark of the hibiscus contains strong bast fibres that can be obtained by letting the stripped bark set in the sea to let the organic material rot away.
Landscaping
Many species are grown for their showy flowers or used as landscape shrubs, and are used to attract butterflies, bees, and hummingbirds.
Paper
One species of Hibiscus, known as kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus), is extensively used in paper-making.
Beverage
Main article: Hibiscus tea
The tea made of hibiscus flowers is known by many names in many countries around the world and is served both hot and cold. The beverage is well known for its color, tanginess and flavor.
It is known as bissap in West Africa, agua de jamaica in Mexico and Honduras (the flower being flor de jamaica) and gudhal (गुड़हल) in India. Some refer to it as roselle, a common name for the hibiscus flower. In Jamaica, Trinidad and many other islands in the Caribbean, the drink is known as sorrel (Hibiscus sabdariffa; not to be confused with Rumex acetosa, a species sharing the common name sorrel). In Ghana, the drink is known as soobolo in one of the local languages.
Roselle is typically boiled in an enamel-coated large stock pot as most West Indians believe the metal from aluminum, steel or copper pots will destroy the natural minerals and vitamins.[citation needed]
In Cambodia, a cold beverage can be prepared by first steeping the petals in hot water until the colors are leached from the petals, then adding lime juice (which turns the beverage from dark brown/red to a bright red), sweeteners (sugar/honey) and finally cold water/ice cubes.
In Egypt,[citation needed] Sudan and the Arab world, hibiscus tea is known as karkadé (كركديه), and is served as both a hot and a cold drink.
Food
Dried hibiscus is edible, and it is often a delicacy in Mexico. It can also be candied and used as a garnish.
The roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) is used as a vegetable. The species Hibiscus suratensis Linn synonymous to Hibiscus aculeatus G. Don is noted in Visayas Philippines being a souring ingredient for almost all local vegetables and menus. Known as Labog in the Visayan area, (or Labuag/Sapinit in Tagalog), the species is a very good ingredient in cooking native chicken soup. Certain species of hibiscus are also beginning to be used more widely as a natural source of food coloring (E163),[citation needed] and replacement of Red #3 / E127.
Hibiscus species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidopteran species, including Chionodes hibiscella, Hypercompe hambletoni, the nutmeg moth, and the turnip moth.
Health benefits
The tea is popular as a natural diuretic; it contains vitamin C and minerals, and is used traditionally as a mild medicine.
A 2008 USDA study shows consuming hibiscus tea lowers blood pressure in a group of prehypertensive and mildly hypertensive adults. Three cups of tea daily resulted in an average drop of 8.1 mmHg in their systolic blood pressure, compared to a 1.3 mmHg drop in the volunteers who drank the placebo beverage. Study participants with higher blood pressure readings (129 or above) had a greater response to hibiscus tea: their systolic blood pressure went down by 13.2 mmHg. These data support the idea that drinking hibiscus tea in an amount readily incorporated into the diet may play a role in controlling blood pressure, although more research is required.
Studies have demonstrated the anti-hypertensive effects of H. sabdariffa in both humans and animals. It has been proposed that the antihypertensive effects of H. sabdariffa is due to its angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibiting activity. In a randomized, controlled clinical trial involving 39 patients with mild to moderate hypertension, Captopril was compared to an extract of H. sabdariffa for antihypertensive effects. Subjects taking an extract of H.sabdariffa, consumed daily before breakfast for four weeks, found reduction in blood pressure similar to Captopril. Another randomized, placebo clinical trial involving 54 study participants with moderate hypertension demonstrated a reduction in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. However upon discontinuation of treatment, both systolic and diastolic blood pressures were subsequently elevated.
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis has a number of medical uses in Chinese herbology. Lokapure s.g.et al. their research indicates some potential in cosmetic skin care; for example, an extract from the flowers of Hibiscus rosa- sinensis has been shown to function as an anti-solar agent by absorbing ultraviolet radiation.
In the Indian traditional system of medicine, Ayurveda, hibiscus, especially white hibiscus and red hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis), is considered to have medicinal properties. The roots are used to make various concoctions believed to cure ailments such as cough, hair loss or hair greying. As a hair treatment, the flowers are boiled in oil along with other spices to make a medicated hair oil. The leaves and flowers are ground into a fine paste with a little water, and the resulting lathery paste is used as a shampoo plus conditioner.
Hibiscus tea also contains bioflavonoids, which are believed to help prevent an increase in LDL cholesterol, which can increase the buildup of plaque in the arteries.
A previous animal study demonstrated the effects of H.sabdariffa extract on atherosclerosis in rabbits. Notably, a reduction in triglyceride, cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein was observed in rabbits consuming a high cholesterol diet (HCD) in addition to H.sabdariffa extract compared to rabbits only fed HCD, suggesting a beneficial effect.[16] Furthermore, the H. sabdariffa seed is abundant in phytosterol and tocopherol, plant forms of cholesterol that have antioxidant and LDL cholesterol lowering effects.
Precautions and Contraindications:
Pregnancy and Lactation
While the mechanism is not well understood, previous animal studies have demonstrated both an inhibitory effect of H. sabdariffa on muscle tone and the anti-fertility effects of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, respectively. The extract of H. sabdariffa has been shown to stimulate contraction of the rat bladder and uterus; the H.rosa-sinensis extract has exhibited contraceptive effects in the form of estrogen activity in rats. These findings have not been observed in humans. The Hibiscus rosa-sinensis is also thought to have emmenagogue effects which can stimulate menstruation and, in some women, cause an abortion. Due to the documented adverse effects in animal studies and the reported pharmacological properties, the H. sabdariffa and H.rosa-sinensis are not recommended for use during pregnancy. Additionally, they are not recommended while breastfeeding due to the lack of reliable information on its safety and use.
Contraindications
No contraindications have been identified.
Adverse Effects
Drug Interactions
It is postulated that H. sabdariffa interacts with diclofenac, chloroquine and acetaminophen by altering the pharmacokinetics. In healthy human volunteers, the H. sabdariffa extract was found to reduce the excretion of diclofenac upon co-administration. Additionally, co-administration of Karkade (H. sabdariffa), a common Sudanese beverage, was found to reduce chloroquine bioavailability. However, no statistically significant changes were observed in the pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen when administered with the Zobo (H.sabdariffa) drink. Further studies are needed to demonstrate clinical significance.
Species:
In temperate zones, probably the most commonly grown ornamental species is Hibiscus syriacus, the common garden hibiscus, also known in some areas as the "Rose of Althea" or "Rose of Sharon" (but not to be confused with the unrelated Hypericum calycinum, also called "Rose of Sharon"). In tropical and subtropical areas, the Chinese hibiscus (H. rosa-sinensis), with its many showy hybrids, is the most popular hibiscus.
Several hundred species are known, including:
Hibiscis acapulcensis
Hibiscus acetosella Welw. ex Hiern.—False Roselle
Hibiscus acicularis
Hibiscus aculeatus—Comfortroot
Hibiscus altissimus
Hibiscus andongensis
Hibiscus angolensis
Hibiscus aponeurus[26]
Hibiscus archeri—Archer's Hibiscus
Hibiscus aridicola
Hibiscus arnottianus A.Gray—Kokiʻo ʻula (Hawaii)
Hibiscus asper—Bush Roselle
Hibiscus austroyunnanensis
Hibiscus barbosae
Hibiscus benguellensis
Hibiscus berberidifolius
Hibiscus bernieri
Hibiscus bifurcatus—Fork-bracted Rosemallow
Hibiscus biseptus—Arizona Rosemallow
Hibiscus bojerianus
Hibiscus boryanus—Foulsapate Marron
Hibiscus brackenridgei A.Gray—Hawaiian hibiscus Maʻo hau hele
Hibiscus burtt-davyi
Hibiscus caerulescens
Hibiscus caesius—Dark-eyed Hibiscus (South Africa)
Hibiscus calyphyllus—Lemonyellow Rosemallow (Tropical Africa)
Hibiscus cameronii—Cameron's Hibiscus, Pink Hibiscus
Hibiscus cannabinus L.—Kenaf
Hibiscus castroi
Hibiscus cisplatinus—Rosa Del Rio
Hibiscus citrinus-
Hibiscus clayi O.Deg. & I.Deg.—Hawaiian red hibiscus (Hawaii)
Hibiscus clypeatus—Congo Mahoe
Hibiscus coccineus (Medik.) Walter—Scarlet Rosemallow
Hibiscus colimensis
Hibiscus columnaris—Mahot Rempart
Hibiscus comoensis
Hibiscus congestiflorus
Hibiscus costatus
Hibiscus coulteri—Desert Rosemallow
Hibiscus cuanzensis
Hibiscus dasycalyx—Neches River Rosemallow
Hibiscus denudatus Benth.—Pale Face (Southwestern United States, Northwestern Mexico)
Hibiscus dimidiatus
Hibiscus dioscorides A.G.Mill. (es/pt) (Yemen)
Hibiscus diplocrater
Hibiscus diriffan A.G.Mill. (Yemen)
Hibiscus diversifolius—Swamp Hibiscus
Hibiscus dongolensis
Hibiscus donianus
Hibiscus elatus—Mahoe
Hibiscus elegans
Hibiscus engleri—Wild Hibiscus
Hibiscus escobariae
Hibiscus excellii
Hibiscus ferrugineus
Hibiscus ficalhoanus
Hibiscus flavoroseus
Hibiscus fragilis DC.—Mandrinette (Mascarene Islands)
Hibiscus fragrans
Hibiscus fritzscheae
Hibiscus furcellatus Desr.—Lindenleaf rosemallow (Caribbean, Florida, Central America, South America, Hawaii)
Hibiscus fugosioides
Hibiscus furcellatus—Salad Hibiscus
Hibiscus fuscus
Hibiscus genevii Bojer (Mauritius)
Hibiscus gilletii
Hibiscus gossweileri
Hibiscus grandidieri
Hibiscus grandiflorus Michx.—Swamp rosemallow (Southeastern United States)
Hibiscus grandistipulatus
Hibiscus grewiifolius
Hibiscus hamabo
Hibiscus hastatus
Hibiscus heterophyllus—Native rosella
Hibiscus hirtus—Lesser Mallow
Hibiscus hispidissimus
Hibiscus huellensis
Hibiscus hybridus
Hibiscus indicus
Hibiscus insularis Endl.—Phillip Island hibiscus (Phillip Island)
Hibiscus integrifolius
Hibiscus jaliscensis
Hibiscus kochii
Hibiscus kokio—Red Rosemallow
Hibiscus labordei
Hibiscus laevis All. (=H. militaris)—Halberd-leaved rosemallow (central and eastern North America)
Hibiscus lasiocarpos—Woolly Rosemallow
Hibiscus lasiococcus
Hibiscus lavaterioides
Hibiscus laxiflorus
Hibiscus leptocladus ([Northwest Australia])
Hibiscus leviseminus
Hibiscus lilacinus—Lilac Hibiscus
Hibiscus liliiflorus—Rodrigues Tree Hibiscus
Hibiscus longifolius
Hibiscus longisepalus
Hibiscus ludwigii
Hibiscus lunariifolius
Hibiscus macrogonus
Hibiscus macrophyllus—Largeleaf Rosemallow
Hibiscus macropodus
Hibiscus makinoi—Okinawan Hibiscus
Hibiscus malacophyllus Balf.f. (Yemen)
Hibiscus malacospermus
Hibiscus martianus—Heartleaf Rosemallow
Hibiscus moscheutos Welw. ex Hiern.—Crimsoneyed Rosemallow (Central and Eastern North America)
Hibiscus mutabilis L.—Cotton Rosemallow, Confederate Rose (East Asia)
Hibiscus paramutabilis
Hibiscus pedunculatus
Hibiscus pernambucensis—Seaside Mahoe
Hibiscus phoeniceus—Brazilian Rosemallow
Hibiscus platanifolius
Hibiscus quattenensis
Hibiscus poeppigii—Poeppig's Rosemallow
Hibiscus radiatus—Monarch Rosemallow
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.—Chinese hibiscus (East Asia)
Hibiscus sabdariffa L.—Roselle, Omutete, or Sorrel
Hibiscus schizopetalus—Fringed Rosemallow
Hibiscus scottii
Hibiscus socotranus
Hibiscus sinosyriacus
Hibiscus splendens
Hibiscus stenanthus Balf.f. (Yemen)
Hibiscus striatus—Striped Rosemallow
Hibiscus syriacus L. (Type species)—Rose of Sharon (Asia)
Hibiscus tiliaceus L.—Sea hibiscus (Australia, Southeast Asia, Oceania)
Hibiscus trilobus—Threelobe Rosemallow
Hibiscus trionum L.—Flower-of-an-Hour
Hibiscus vitifolius—Tropical Rose Mallow
Hibiscus waimeae A.Heller—Kokiʻo keʻokeʻo (Hawaii)
Um texto, em português, da Wikipédia:
Hibiscus
Hibiscus L. é um gênero botânico, com cerca de 300 espécies, inserido na família das Malvaceae, com flores e folhas exuberantes. Devido à nova taxonomia pela filogenética (Angiosperm Phylogeny Group), muitas espécies que pertenciam a esse gênero estão migrando para outros gêneros. Por exemplo: Hibiscus esculentus L., a planta do quiabo, agora é Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench. O cultivo dos exemplares do gênero, tanto ornamental como econômico, está disseminado nas regiões subtropicais e tropicais, cuidando para não sofrerem com geadas e temperaturas baixas constantes.
Etimologia:
Hibiscus significa Ísis (deusa egípcia), em grego.
Sinonímia:
Bombycidendron Zoll. & Moritzi
Bombycodendron Hassk.
Brockmania W. Fitzg.
Fioria Mattei
Espécies:
Hibiscus acetosella
Hibiscus x archeri (híbrido)
Hibiscus arnottianus
Hibiscus bifurcatus
Hibiscus brackenridgei
Hibiscus calyphyllus
Hibiscus cameronii
Hibiscus cannabinus
Hibiscus chitra
Hibiscus cisplatinus
Hibiscus clayi
Hibiscus coccineus
Hibiscus denisonii
Hibiscus diversifolius
Hibiscus elatus
Hibiscus furcellatus
Hibiscus fuscus
Hibiscus grandiflorus
Hibiscus hastatus
Hibiscus heterophyllus
Hibiscus indicus
Hibiscus kokio
Hibiscus lasiocarpos
Hibiscus lavaterioides
Hibiscus lobatus
Hibiscus ludwigii
Hibiscus macrophyllus
Hibiscus mastersianus
Hibiscus militaris
Hibiscus moscheutos
Hibiscus mutabilis (malva-rosa)
Hibiscus paramutabilis
Hibiscus pedunculatus
Hibiscus pernambucensis (guanxuma-do-mangue)
Hibiscus platanifolius
Hibiscus radiatus
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (hibisco)
Hibiscus sabdariffa (vinagreira)
Hibiscus schizopetalus (hibisco-crespo)
Hibiscus scottii
Hibiscus sinosyriacus
Hibiscus splendens
Hibiscus syriacus (hibisco-da-síria)
Hibiscus tiliaceus (algodoeiro-da-praia)
Hibiscus trionum (flor-de-todas-as-horas)
Hibiscus waimeae
Hibiscus dioscorides
Hibiscus diriffan
Hibiscus escobariae
Hibiscus noli-tangere
Hibiscus quattenensis
Hibiscus socotranus
Hibiscus stenanthus
Portugal:
Em Portugal este género está representado por 2 espécies, presentes em Portugal Continental, a primeira nativa, a segunda introduzida:1
Hibiscus palustris L.
Hibiscus trionum L.
Classificação do gênero:
Sistema Classificação Referência
Linné Classe Monadelphia, ordem Polyandria Species plantarum (1753)
Papuodendron C. T. White
Pariti Adans.
Talipariti Fryxell
Wilhelminia Hochr.
A text, in english, from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia:
Hibiscus
For other uses, see Hibiscus (disambiguation).
Hibiscus
Hibiscus flower TZ.jpg
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Angiosperms
Class: Eudicots
Order: Malvales
Family: Malvaceae
Subfamily: Malvoideae
Tribe: Hibisceae
Genus: Hibiscus
L.
Species
232 species
Synonyms
Bombycidendron Zoll. & Moritzi
Bombycodendron Hassk.
Brockmania W.Fitzg.
Pariti Adans.
Wilhelminia Hochr.
Hibiscus (/hɨˈbɪskəs/ or /haɪˈbɪskəs/) is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae. It is quite large, containing several hundred species that are native to warm-temperate, subtropical and tropical regions throughout the world. Member species are often noted for their showy flowers and are commonly known simply as hibiscus, or less widely known as rose mallow. The genus includes both annual and perennial herbaceous plants, as well as woody shrubs and small trees. The generic name is derived from the Greek word ἱβίσκος (hibískos), which was the name Pedanius Dioscorides (ca. 40–90) gave to Althaea officinalis.
Description:
The leaves are alternate, ovate to lanceolate, often with a toothed or lobed margin. The flowers are large, conspicuous, trumpet-shaped, with five or more petals, color from white to pink, red, orange, purple or yellow, and from 4–18 cm broad. Flower color in certain species, such as H. mutabilis and H. tiliaceus, changes with age.[5] The fruit is a dry five-lobed capsule, containing several seeds in each lobe, which are released when the capsule dehisces (splits open) at maturity. It is of red and white colours. It is an example of complete flowers.
Uses:
Symbolism and culture
Hibiscus species represent nations: Hibiscus syriacus is the national flower of South Korea, and Hibiscus rosa-sinensis is the national flower of Malaysia. The hibiscus is the national flower of Haiti. The red hibiscus is the flower of the Hindu goddess Kali, and appears frequently in depictions of her in the art of Bengal, India, often with the goddess and the flower merging in form. The hibiscus is used as an offering to goddess Kali and Lord Ganesha in Hindu worship.
In the Philippines, the gumamela (local name for hibiscus) is used by children as part of a bubble-making pastime. The flowers and leaves are crushed until the sticky juices come out. Hollow papaya stalks are then dipped into this and used as straws for blowing bubbles.
The hibiscus flower is traditionally worn by Tahitian and Hawaiian girls. If the flower is worn behind the left ear, the woman is married or in a relationship. If the flower is worn on the right, she is single or openly available for a relationship. The hibiscus is Hawaii's state flower.
Nigerian author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie named her first novel Purple Hibiscus after the delicate flower.
The bark of the hibiscus contains strong bast fibres that can be obtained by letting the stripped bark set in the sea to let the organic material rot away.
Landscaping
Many species are grown for their showy flowers or used as landscape shrubs, and are used to attract butterflies, bees, and hummingbirds.
Paper
One species of Hibiscus, known as kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus), is extensively used in paper-making.
Beverage
Main article: Hibiscus tea
The tea made of hibiscus flowers is known by many names in many countries around the world and is served both hot and cold. The beverage is well known for its color, tanginess and flavor.
It is known as bissap in West Africa, agua de jamaica in Mexico and Honduras (the flower being flor de jamaica) and gudhal (गुड़हल) in India. Some refer to it as roselle, a common name for the hibiscus flower. In Jamaica, Trinidad and many other islands in the Caribbean, the drink is known as sorrel (Hibiscus sabdariffa; not to be confused with Rumex acetosa, a species sharing the common name sorrel). In Ghana, the drink is known as soobolo in one of the local languages.
Roselle is typically boiled in an enamel-coated large stock pot as most West Indians believe the metal from aluminum, steel or copper pots will destroy the natural minerals and vitamins.[citation needed]
In Cambodia, a cold beverage can be prepared by first steeping the petals in hot water until the colors are leached from the petals, then adding lime juice (which turns the beverage from dark brown/red to a bright red), sweeteners (sugar/honey) and finally cold water/ice cubes.
In Egypt,[citation needed] Sudan and the Arab world, hibiscus tea is known as karkadé (كركديه), and is served as both a hot and a cold drink.
Food
Dried hibiscus is edible, and it is often a delicacy in Mexico. It can also be candied and used as a garnish.
The roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) is used as a vegetable. The species Hibiscus suratensis Linn synonymous to Hibiscus aculeatus G. Don is noted in Visayas Philippines being a souring ingredient for almost all local vegetables and menus. Known as Labog in the Visayan area, (or Labuag/Sapinit in Tagalog), the species is a very good ingredient in cooking native chicken soup. Certain species of hibiscus are also beginning to be used more widely as a natural source of food coloring (E163),[citation needed] and replacement of Red #3 / E127.
Hibiscus species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidopteran species, including Chionodes hibiscella, Hypercompe hambletoni, the nutmeg moth, and the turnip moth.
Health benefits
The tea is popular as a natural diuretic; it contains vitamin C and minerals, and is used traditionally as a mild medicine.
A 2008 USDA study shows consuming hibiscus tea lowers blood pressure in a group of prehypertensive and mildly hypertensive adults. Three cups of tea daily resulted in an average drop of 8.1 mmHg in their systolic blood pressure, compared to a 1.3 mmHg drop in the volunteers who drank the placebo beverage. Study participants with higher blood pressure readings (129 or above) had a greater response to hibiscus tea: their systolic blood pressure went down by 13.2 mmHg. These data support the idea that drinking hibiscus tea in an amount readily incorporated into the diet may play a role in controlling blood pressure, although more research is required.
Studies have demonstrated the anti-hypertensive effects of H. sabdariffa in both humans and animals. It has been proposed that the antihypertensive effects of H. sabdariffa is due to its angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibiting activity. In a randomized, controlled clinical trial involving 39 patients with mild to moderate hypertension, Captopril was compared to an extract of H. sabdariffa for antihypertensive effects. Subjects taking an extract of H.sabdariffa, consumed daily before breakfast for four weeks, found reduction in blood pressure similar to Captopril. Another randomized, placebo clinical trial involving 54 study participants with moderate hypertension demonstrated a reduction in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. However upon discontinuation of treatment, both systolic and diastolic blood pressures were subsequently elevated.
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis has a number of medical uses in Chinese herbology. Lokapure s.g.et al. their research indicates some potential in cosmetic skin care; for example, an extract from the flowers of Hibiscus rosa- sinensis has been shown to function as an anti-solar agent by absorbing ultraviolet radiation.
In the Indian traditional system of medicine, Ayurveda, hibiscus, especially white hibiscus and red hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis), is considered to have medicinal properties. The roots are used to make various concoctions believed to cure ailments such as cough, hair loss or hair greying. As a hair treatment, the flowers are boiled in oil along with other spices to make a medicated hair oil. The leaves and flowers are ground into a fine paste with a little water, and the resulting lathery paste is used as a shampoo plus conditioner.
Hibiscus tea also contains bioflavonoids, which are believed to help prevent an increase in LDL cholesterol, which can increase the buildup of plaque in the arteries.
A previous animal study demonstrated the effects of H.sabdariffa extract on atherosclerosis in rabbits. Notably, a reduction in triglyceride, cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein was observed in rabbits consuming a high cholesterol diet (HCD) in addition to H.sabdariffa extract compared to rabbits only fed HCD, suggesting a beneficial effect.[16] Furthermore, the H. sabdariffa seed is abundant in phytosterol and tocopherol, plant forms of cholesterol that have antioxidant and LDL cholesterol lowering effects.
Precautions and Contraindications:
Pregnancy and Lactation
While the mechanism is not well understood, previous animal studies have demonstrated both an inhibitory effect of H. sabdariffa on muscle tone and the anti-fertility effects of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, respectively. The extract of H. sabdariffa has been shown to stimulate contraction of the rat bladder and uterus; the H.rosa-sinensis extract has exhibited contraceptive effects in the form of estrogen activity in rats. These findings have not been observed in humans. The Hibiscus rosa-sinensis is also thought to have emmenagogue effects which can stimulate menstruation and, in some women, cause an abortion. Due to the documented adverse effects in animal studies and the reported pharmacological properties, the H. sabdariffa and H.rosa-sinensis are not recommended for use during pregnancy. Additionally, they are not recommended while breastfeeding due to the lack of reliable information on its safety and use.
Contraindications
No contraindications have been identified.
Adverse Effects
Drug Interactions
It is postulated that H. sabdariffa interacts with diclofenac, chloroquine and acetaminophen by altering the pharmacokinetics. In healthy human volunteers, the H. sabdariffa extract was found to reduce the excretion of diclofenac upon co-administration. Additionally, co-administration of Karkade (H. sabdariffa), a common Sudanese beverage, was found to reduce chloroquine bioavailability. However, no statistically significant changes were observed in the pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen when administered with the Zobo (H.sabdariffa) drink. Further studies are needed to demonstrate clinical significance.
Species:
In temperate zones, probably the most commonly grown ornamental species is Hibiscus syriacus, the common garden hibiscus, also known in some areas as the "Rose of Althea" or "Rose of Sharon" (but not to be confused with the unrelated Hypericum calycinum, also called "Rose of Sharon"). In tropical and subtropical areas, the Chinese hibiscus (H. rosa-sinensis), with its many showy hybrids, is the most popular hibiscus.
Several hundred species are known, including:
Hibiscis acapulcensis
Hibiscus acetosella Welw. ex Hiern.—False Roselle
Hibiscus acicularis
Hibiscus aculeatus—Comfortroot
Hibiscus altissimus
Hibiscus andongensis
Hibiscus angolensis
Hibiscus aponeurus[26]
Hibiscus archeri—Archer's Hibiscus
Hibiscus aridicola
Hibiscus arnottianus A.Gray—Kokiʻo ʻula (Hawaii)
Hibiscus asper—Bush Roselle
Hibiscus austroyunnanensis
Hibiscus barbosae
Hibiscus benguellensis
Hibiscus berberidifolius
Hibiscus bernieri
Hibiscus bifurcatus—Fork-bracted Rosemallow
Hibiscus biseptus—Arizona Rosemallow
Hibiscus bojerianus
Hibiscus boryanus—Foulsapate Marron
Hibiscus brackenridgei A.Gray—Hawaiian hibiscus Maʻo hau hele
Hibiscus burtt-davyi
Hibiscus caerulescens
Hibiscus caesius—Dark-eyed Hibiscus (South Africa)
Hibiscus calyphyllus—Lemonyellow Rosemallow (Tropical Africa)
Hibiscus cameronii—Cameron's Hibiscus, Pink Hibiscus
Hibiscus cannabinus L.—Kenaf
Hibiscus castroi
Hibiscus cisplatinus—Rosa Del Rio
Hibiscus citrinus-
Hibiscus clayi O.Deg. & I.Deg.—Hawaiian red hibiscus (Hawaii)
Hibiscus clypeatus—Congo Mahoe
Hibiscus coccineus (Medik.) Walter—Scarlet Rosemallow
Hibiscus colimensis
Hibiscus columnaris—Mahot Rempart
Hibiscus comoensis
Hibiscus congestiflorus
Hibiscus costatus
Hibiscus coulteri—Desert Rosemallow
Hibiscus cuanzensis
Hibiscus dasycalyx—Neches River Rosemallow
Hibiscus denudatus Benth.—Pale Face (Southwestern United States, Northwestern Mexico)
Hibiscus dimidiatus
Hibiscus dioscorides A.G.Mill. (es/pt) (Yemen)
Hibiscus diplocrater
Hibiscus diriffan A.G.Mill. (Yemen)
Hibiscus diversifolius—Swamp Hibiscus
Hibiscus dongolensis
Hibiscus donianus
Hibiscus elatus—Mahoe
Hibiscus elegans
Hibiscus engleri—Wild Hibiscus
Hibiscus escobariae
Hibiscus excellii
Hibiscus ferrugineus
Hibiscus ficalhoanus
Hibiscus flavoroseus
Hibiscus fragilis DC.—Mandrinette (Mascarene Islands)
Hibiscus fragrans
Hibiscus fritzscheae
Hibiscus furcellatus Desr.—Lindenleaf rosemallow (Caribbean, Florida, Central America, South America, Hawaii)
Hibiscus fugosioides
Hibiscus furcellatus—Salad Hibiscus
Hibiscus fuscus
Hibiscus genevii Bojer (Mauritius)
Hibiscus gilletii
Hibiscus gossweileri
Hibiscus grandidieri
Hibiscus grandiflorus Michx.—Swamp rosemallow (Southeastern United States)
Hibiscus grandistipulatus
Hibiscus grewiifolius
Hibiscus hamabo
Hibiscus hastatus
Hibiscus heterophyllus—Native rosella
Hibiscus hirtus—Lesser Mallow
Hibiscus hispidissimus
Hibiscus huellensis
Hibiscus hybridus
Hibiscus indicus
Hibiscus insularis Endl.—Phillip Island hibiscus (Phillip Island)
Hibiscus integrifolius
Hibiscus jaliscensis
Hibiscus kochii
Hibiscus kokio—Red Rosemallow
Hibiscus labordei
Hibiscus laevis All. (=H. militaris)—Halberd-leaved rosemallow (central and eastern North America)
Hibiscus lasiocarpos—Woolly Rosemallow
Hibiscus lasiococcus
Hibiscus lavaterioides
Hibiscus laxiflorus
Hibiscus leptocladus ([Northwest Australia])
Hibiscus leviseminus
Hibiscus lilacinus—Lilac Hibiscus
Hibiscus liliiflorus—Rodrigues Tree Hibiscus
Hibiscus longifolius
Hibiscus longisepalus
Hibiscus ludwigii
Hibiscus lunariifolius
Hibiscus macrogonus
Hibiscus macrophyllus—Largeleaf Rosemallow
Hibiscus macropodus
Hibiscus makinoi—Okinawan Hibiscus
Hibiscus malacophyllus Balf.f. (Yemen)
Hibiscus malacospermus
Hibiscus martianus—Heartleaf Rosemallow
Hibiscus moscheutos Welw. ex Hiern.—Crimsoneyed Rosemallow (Central and Eastern North America)
Hibiscus mutabilis L.—Cotton Rosemallow, Confederate Rose (East Asia)
Hibiscus paramutabilis
Hibiscus pedunculatus
Hibiscus pernambucensis—Seaside Mahoe
Hibiscus phoeniceus—Brazilian Rosemallow
Hibiscus platanifolius
Hibiscus quattenensis
Hibiscus poeppigii—Poeppig's Rosemallow
Hibiscus radiatus—Monarch Rosemallow
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.—Chinese hibiscus (East Asia)
Hibiscus sabdariffa L.—Roselle, Omutete, or Sorrel
Hibiscus schizopetalus—Fringed Rosemallow
Hibiscus scottii
Hibiscus socotranus
Hibiscus sinosyriacus
Hibiscus splendens
Hibiscus stenanthus Balf.f. (Yemen)
Hibiscus striatus—Striped Rosemallow
Hibiscus syriacus L. (Type species)—Rose of Sharon (Asia)
Hibiscus tiliaceus L.—Sea hibiscus (Australia, Southeast Asia, Oceania)
Hibiscus trilobus—Threelobe Rosemallow
Hibiscus trionum L.—Flower-of-an-Hour
Hibiscus vitifolius—Tropical Rose Mallow
Hibiscus waimeae A.Heller—Kokiʻo keʻokeʻo (Hawaii)
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5 large potatoes to equal the amount of Niacin
61 cups of tomatoes to equal the amount of Folate
2 large watermelons to equal the amount of Vitamin B-6
17 oz. of cherries to equal the amount of ORAC Value
37 medium mushrooms to equal the amount of Pantothenic Acid
...in just one daily two-ounce serving of the Vemma formula!
Think of it as your added "wellness insurance" for filling nutritional gaps in your diet.
Now You Can Try Vemma RISK-FREE!
Here are just a few of the benefits the Vemma Nutrition Program provides your family:
Physician formulated
Packed with powerful antioxidants from multiple sources
Complete full spectrum multivitamin
Vital major, trace and ultra-trace plant-sourced minerals
Easy to use, no more choking down pills or tablets
Our 30-Day, "Empty Bottle" Money-Back Guarantee
Delicious with results you can feel
You risk nothing, because you're protected by our...
Our 30-Day, "Empty Bottle" Money-Back Guarantee
As Vemma Founder and CEO, I receive stories everyday from people telling me how Vemma has helped make a positive difference in their health and life. And, I want you to be just as confident!
Because we want everyone to have the opportunity to try our ultra-premium wellness products, we offer a risk-free, 30-day "empty bottle" money-back guarantee. If you don't experience a positive difference in the way you look and feel, simply return the product for a 100% refund, even if the bottles are completely empty! With this simple promise, there's no reason not to try Vemma's amazing products and discover why we believe Vemma is an invaluable choice for investing in your long-term health and wellness.
Here's to your health,
Marinated spiced broccoli..
250g broccoli
1 tbsp lime juice
2 tbsp olive oil
ginger – finely grated
turmeric – finely grated
salt and pepper
Mix all ingredients together in a large bowl and massage with your hands until the broccoli becomes softer, then leave to stand for 10 minutes.
For the sauce
¼ cup macadamia butter
2 tbsp lime juice
1 date, soaked
¼ cup water
Add the following depending on your tastes!
turmeric
chili
fresh ginger
lemongrass
mint
white sesame oil
Vietnamese mint
Blend all ingredients in a high-power blender.
Mix some of the sauce with the broccoli when ready to serve, use the rest of the sauce to complement the salad on the side. Add to your favourite salad leaves, here we have rocket, spinach, sorrel and sprouts!
Raw broccoli..?
Broccoli is a cruciferous vegetable with numerous health benefits. If a new study holds true, you may be better off eating raw broccoli rather than cooked. Here’s why.
Unless you’ve had your head in the sand, you’ve probably heard about the wonderful health benefits of broccoli. Not only is this cruciferous vegetable high in vitamin C and fiber, it’s also a rich source of compounds known as glucosinolates which are broken down in the body to form sulforaphane. Sulforaphane has been demonstrated in numerous studies to have potent anti-cancer properties. No wonder broccoli is touted as one of the best vegetables for cancer prevention. Unfortunately, if you’re enjoying cooked broccoli as opposed to raw, you may be missing out on these important anti-cancer benefits if the results of a recent study holds true.
This study, published in the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, looked at sulforaphane levels in the blood and urine of a group of people who had eaten raw broccoli versus a group who had eaten cooked broccoli. When the researchers determined the bioavailability of sulforaphane in the two groups, they found that the group who ate the raw broccoli had sulforaphane bioavailability of 34 percent versus the cooked broccoli group where the bio availability was only 3.4 percent. This means that very little of the sulforaphane in the cooked broccoli was made available for the body to use.
The researchers also noted in this study that in the group that ate the cooked broccoli, absorption of sulforaphane was significantly delayed and peak levels were achieved much later. All in all, the subjects who ate the raw broccoli had faster absorption of sulforaphane as well as higher peak levels of this potent anti-cancer compound.
What does this mean if you’re eating broccoli for health reasons? Even if you enjoy cooked broccoli more than raw, it would be advisable to add raw broccoli to your diet in order to maximize your blood levels of sulforaphane. Instead of eating steamed or sautéed broccoli, choose a raw broccoli salad instead. In this particular study it was stated how the broccoli was cooked so it’s unclear whether very lightly steaming broccoli would significantly lower sulforaphane levels. The best approach may be to eat a combination of both lightly steamed broccoli and raw broccoli for maximum health benefits since certain other nutrients may be made more bio available by the cooking process.
Another alternative to both raw broccoli and cooked broccoli would be adding young broccoli sprouts to your salads which has up to fifty times the amount of sulforaphane found in the mature broccoli florets. These are available at many grocery stores nationwide marketed under the name of Broccosprouts. Adding Broccosprouts or raw broccoli to your salads may be a simple way to boost your blood levels of sulforaphane and potentially decrease your risk of certain types of cancer. The next time you’re planning your salad, don’t forget to add some raw broccoli!
Source:
healthmad.com/nutrition/why-raw-broccoli-is-healthier-tha...
Cruciferous vegetable (Noun) – a vegetable of the mustard family: especially mustard greens; various cabbages; broccoli; cauliflower; brussels sprouts
Read more about Donna Wild’s experience: wilddonna.com/2012/08/13/love-me-raw-ready-for-lunch-join...
Based on our wonderfully popular creams, each lotion is still handblended and whipped. This is from our spa series designed to hydrate and sooth the skin, blended with exotic oils such as Frankincense, Styrax, and Myrhh to stimulate the senses of both men and women.
$2 off shipping with the purchase of two items. Three or more different items and ground shipping is free! (Canada and US only.)
Have you heard the old herbalist's rule of anything that goes on your skin, you should be able to eat? Since the skin is an organ of absorption and elimination, I combine only food quality, all natural organic ingredients to create one of the highest quality, yet inexpensive, creams on the market. Another of our spa quality products at a small fraction of the price!
There is nothing in these lotions that is artificial or unusable by the body, and are Environmentally friendly with all natural, biodegradable ingredients. I created these for myself and others who had a hard time finding effective products. I use them all the time. Moisturizing and healing your skin with a pure product that smells delicious and works better than nearly anything you've ever tried is complete luxury.
A lotion is a combination of oil in water or water in oil, with an emulsifier and/or stabilizer. Based on ancient and modern formulas, in this version, my Infused Oil, with up to 20 different healing herbs, is combined with aloe vera juice, to reduce inflammations and sooth skin. Coconut oil included for higher viscosity, as well as bioavailable Vitamin E. Palmarosa oil moisturizes the skin, while balancing the hydration levels and stimulating cell regeneration. GSE is used as a preservative and locally sourced beeswax as a stabilizer. Unlike most lotions, I have ensured that this product is totally vegetarian.
Use sparingly. A little goes a long way...
www.frostclick.com/wp/index.php/2013/04/10/the-grammar-cl...
The best is yet to come for The Grammar Club, an alternative hiphop collective group that’s comprised of rotating musicians with different styles, creating albums that are distinct with one another.
Lead by Beefy and Shae Riley, Bioavailableis a seven-track collection that features a great lineup of guest vocalists such as Adam Warrock, Wheelie Cyberman, Jesse Dangerously, MC Frontalot, Wordburglar, and Kabuto the Phyton. The album was produced by Shae Riley and Ty Guenley.
Minutes within the album and you’ll immediately see why The Grammar Club has attracted a lot of attention in the indie scene. The collective attempts to combine mainstream pop and hiphop, producing a funky-ish upbeat rapping evident in the opening track Plastic Submarine.
Making room for experimentation, Sex Person featuring Wordburglar kicks it hard with danceable beats and clean lines. The chorus vibrates a steady energy that’s perfect for steady partying.
Boasting the same sass as the previous track, Get Laid is an easy-listening piece that makes use of evocative guitars and crisp notes. Last Good Day wraps the album with alternative pop stylings and moderate tempo. Riley’s smooth vocals blends well with Wheelie Cyberman‘s precise rapping.
Quality and style-wise, Bioavailable beats a lot of mainstream album as it presents a new taste for hiphop aficionados. So download, press play, and let this brilliant geekiness that is The Grammar Club fill your ears.
1. Plastic Submarine
2. Phonin’ it in
3. Sex Person
4. Get Laid
5. Four Fine Walls
6. No Worry Birdie
7. Last Good Day
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.
MARHABA SHARBAT FAULAD:
(Hematinic and restorative)
Have healthy blood, lead healthy life.
Description:
Marhaba sharbat faulad is a sugar based, transparent, herbal syrup for iron deficiency anemia.
Ingredients:
•Beleric myrobalan 1.75%
•Chebulic myrobalan 1.75%
•Emblica officinalis 1.75%
•Coriandrum sativum 0.75%
•Elettaria cardamomum 0.15%
•Santalum album 0.125%
•Iron compound 0.01%
•Colour/Flavour/Preservatives Q.S.
Pharmacological properties:
Marhaba sharbat faulad is an ideal iron supplement for those who have iron deficiency anemia.The bioavailability of elemental iron for entrapment into biomass i.e. Heme molecules is enhanced and assured due to the presence of natural herbal acids having astringent as well as carminative properties The biogenic acids assist the iron through the gastric mucosa by improving liver and intestinal function.
Indications:
•Marhaba sharbat faulad is an ideal therapy in iron deficiency anemia.
•Anemia of undefined reasons i.e. traumatic and hemorrhagic blood loss or anemia of pregnancy.
•General debility weakness and nervousness.
•Asthenia due to indigestion and mal absorption of food.
•Spleen enlargement, malnutrition and poor appetite
•For students or anyone involved in meticulous works.
Dosage and administration:
Adults: Two teaspoonful thrice a day preferably with milk or otherwise with plain water after meal.
Children: One teaspoonful in a day preferably with milk or otherwise with plain water after meal.
Precautions:
•Keep medicines in a cool, dry place and away from children.
•Close the lid tightly and save from humidity during use.
•Consult physician if symptoms persist.
Packing:
Available in 120 ml. and 225ml.pack.
Based on our wonderfully popular creams, each lotion is still handblended and whipped. This is from our Citrus series designed to hydrate and sooth the skin, scented with organic essential oils to stimulate the senses of both men and women. One of our spa quality products!
$2 off shipping with the purchase of two items. Three or more and shipping is free!
Have you heard the old herbalist's rule of anything that goes on your skin, you should be able to eat? Since the skin is an organ of absorption and elimination, I combine only food quality, all natural organic ingredients to create one of the highest quality, yet inexpensive, creams on the market. Another of our spa quality products at a small fraction of the price!
There is nothing in these lotions that is artificial or unusable by the body, and are Environmentally friendly with all natural, biodegradable ingredients. I created these for myself and others who had a hard time finding effective products. I use them all the time. Moisturizing and healing your skin with a pure product that smells delicious and works better than nearly anything you've ever tried is complete luxury.
A lotion is a combination of oil in water or water in oil, with an emulsifier and/or stabilizer. Based on ancient and modern formulas, in this version, my Infused Oil, with up to 20 different healing herbs, is combined with aloe vera juice, to reduce inflammations and sooth skin. Coconut oil included for higher viscosity, as well as bioavailable Vitamin E. Palmarosa oil moisturizes the skin, while balancing the hydration levels and stimulating cell regeneration. GSE is used as a preservative and locally sourced beeswax as a stabilizer. Unlike most lotions, I have ensured that this product is totally vegetarian.
Use sparingly. A little goes a long way...
Download it on android, absolutely free!
And the time has come again to share with you all the best of 2013 FrostClick/FrostWire features had to offer. From blues, to pop, electronic, hiphop and rap comes 12 of our favorite tracks from our favorite artists. Till this date, FrostWire Music Promotions have directly generated over 6,7 million album downloads – thank’s to you for checking out the artists and thanks to the artists for recognizing BitTorrent & file sharing in general as the future of music distribution and promotions!
Last year over 294,000 of you downloaded our Mixtape Vol. 3 – lets take those numbers even higher this year and celebrate artists that want their music downloaded freely and shared as widely as possible!
As always, all of the music in this compilation is available as a free download under one of Creative Commons Licenses – so get ready, download, and share!
So what can you find inside?
The FrostWire Creative Commons Mixtape Volume 4 starts off with Ain’t No Love all the way from Canada. Often called a mix of electronic/renegade pop (one amazing blend) their featured song, Shine, opens up with an explosion of a “heavy melodic background” while smoothly transitioning to to some heavy duty rapping.
With over 116,000 downloads of their album you are sure to be in for one great treat. So if you love to get your hands on more be sure to follow the link below – it will get you to a full and free album download.
The group is than followed by some great acts such as The Grammar Club, an alternative hip hop collective (dive deep into lyrics in this one), The Color and Sound – a stellar rock band from Boston, MA, and Wordsmith who has been been with FrostClick for quite a while now.
Ain’t No Love: EP – “Shine”
The Grammar Club: Bioavailable – “Four Fine Walls”
The Color and Sound: The Spring Tour – “Graves”
Wildlight: Hers Was As Thunder – “Twirl Me”
Wordsmith: The Backstage EP – “Stronger Living”
Ménage Quad: Swing Soiree – “Off The Wall”
BJ Block and Dawn Pemberton: II – “What Comes Naturally”
Mike Schpitz & Phys Edison: Paid Time Off – “Sly and The Family Jones”
John Graham: Magic: Blanc et Noir – “The Dark Arts”
emmy Curl: Origins – “Turn Off The Light”
Kings of the City: The FrostWire Special – “Make Me Worse”
Joe Marson and The Satisfied Mind: Someday Soon – “Someday Soon”
Among the closing acts on the Mixtape we have the great Ménage Quad with its electro-swing and hiphop sounds that will keep you moving all night long. There is also a more funky blues side of music brought to us by BJ Block and Dawn Pemberton in their latest album titled II and the beautiful voice of emmy Curl who comes to us all the way from Portugal. And if you want more great hip hop/rap you are still in for something special with Mike Schpitz & Phys Edison and John Graham.
Finishing it off are two very different yet equally amazing songs. Someday Soon from Joe Marson is a great track that mixes a little bit of blues with spot on acoustic guitar and some reflective lyrics.
Make Me Worse, from no other than Kings of the City (based in London, UK), on the other hand, “starts off with a calm acoustic entrance only to swiftly turn to quick rapping power song with a hint of rock-n-roll in its composition.” More recently the band has lost one of its members, Danny, a loss that shall not be forgotten! And again, we wanted to take this opportunity to send our condolences to Danny’s family and friends. We hope that with this Mixtape the music will be heard by thousands more.
There is certainly no shortage of amazing music out there and we are truly grateful that we were able to work with some of the best (often independent) artists around. Its been an incredible year but the most incredible is still in front of us. Can’t wait for 2014!
As always, if you like what you hear, make sure to support your favorite artists – buy their tracks and merch on bandcamp, go to their concerts, fund their new albums on Kickstarter, or at least like their Facebook page – they will give back 100 fold with the amazing music they will create for you!
Stay with us throughout the year and enjoy the best of the best, including over 350 great albums of all genres we bring you here over at FrostClick.com every year. That’s one free album every day!
Want even more? Be sure to follow us on Facebook and Twitter for even more great music recommendations from the team.
Happy New Year!
These are microscope images of bioassay samples collected in 2013 as part of Water Resources Research Institute (WRRI) funded research into DON bioavailability. They were collected in the Neuse River Estuary. Photo credit: B. Peierls/UNC Institute of Marine Sciences
Inter-institutional collaboration in nutrition research in iron bioavailability, efficacy, and product dissemination in Hyderabad, India.
Dr. Phil Campbell is a Senior Research Scientist at the Institute of Complex Engineered Systems and Biomedical and Health Engineering at Carnegie Mellon University. He holds B.S. and M.S. degrees in Animal Science from Auburn University as well as a Ph.D. in Physiology from Pennsylvania State University. Currently, Dr. Campbell is actively involved in research efforts focusing on the bioavailability of growth factors.
During a Future Lab interview, Dr. Cambell spoke about his long-term vision. "Most people have heard of newts and salamanders or starfish. What's interesting about those types of animals is they can lose significant amounts of their body and then completely regenerate them. If a newt loses its hand, it can grow that hand back and it's completely functional. But if you lose your hand it will not grow back. But, you do have the genetic potential. That's a vision for the future in the research. Everything moves toward that, but I don't hold that to be achievable anytime in the next few hundred years. What I hold as my own personal vision is that we can come up with constructs of hormones that will promote stem cells to develop into various interconnected tissues, like the Achilles tendon."
Dr. Campbell has been featured in several publications for his research efforts in his field. His current projects incorporate the study of growth factor association and dissociation with the various interstitial components, proteolytic processing, etc. under a variety of physiological conditions. By utilizing this basic scientific information, Dr. Campbell and his research personnel are working towards improving biomimetic tissue engineered materials appropriate for musculoskeletal tissue repair and regeneration.
Dr. Phil Campbell comments on his stem cell research on the online radio show Future Lab:
Based on our wonderfully popular creams, each lotion is still handblended and whipped. This version is from our Chai series, scented with organic essential oils, designed to stimulate the circulation and give a gentle tingle to the skin.
$2 off shipping with the purchase of two items. Three or more and ground shipping is free! (US and Canada only.)
Have you heard the old herbalist's rule of anything that goes on your skin, you should be able to eat? Since the skin is an organ of absorption and elimination, I combine only food quality, all natural organic ingredients to create one of the highest quality, yet inexpensive, creams on the market. Another of our spa quality products at a small fraction of the price!
There is nothing in these creams that is artificial or unusable by the body, and are Environmentally friendly with all natural, biodegradable ingredients. I created these for myself and others who had a hard time finding effective products. I use them all the time. Moisturizing and healing your skin with a pure product that smells delicious and works better than nearly anything you've ever tried is complete luxury.
A lotion is a combination of oil in water or water in oil, with an emulsifier and/or stabilizer. Based on ancient and modern formulas, in this version, my Infused Oil, with up to 20 different healing herbs, is combined with aloe vera juice, to reduce inflammations and sooth skin. Coconut oil included for higher viscosity, as well as bioavailable Vitamin E. Palmarosa oil moisturizes the skin, while balancing the hydration levels and stimulating cell regeneration. GSE is used as a preservative and locally sourced beeswax as a stabilizer. Unlike most lotions, I have ensured that this product is totally vegetarian.
Use sparingly. A little goes a long way...
www.frostclick.com/wp/index.php/2013/12/30/frostwire-crea...
And the time has come again to share with you all the best of 2013 FrostClick/FrostWire features had to offer. From blues, to pop, electronic, hiphop and rap comes 12 of our favorite tracks from our favorite artists. Till this date, FrostWire Music Promotions have directly generated over 6,7 million album downloads – thank’s to you for checking out the artists and thanks to the artists for recognizing BitTorrent & file sharing in general as the future of music distribution and promotions!
Last year over 294,000 of you downloaded our Mixtape Vol. 3 – lets take those numbers even higher this year and celebrate artists that want their music downloaded freely and shared as widely as possible!
As always, all of the music in this compilation is available as a free download under one of Creative Commons Licenses – so get ready, download, and share!
So what can you find inside?
The FrostWire Creative Commons Mixtape Volume 4 starts off with Ain’t No Love all the way from Canada. Often called a mix of electronic/renegade pop (one amazing blend) their featured song, Shine, opens up with an explosion of a “heavy melodic background” while smoothly transitioning to to some heavy duty rapping.
With over 116,000 downloads of their album you are sure to be in for one great treat. So if you love to get your hands on more be sure to follow the link below – it will get you to a full and free album download.
The group is than followed by some great acts such as The Grammar Club, an alternative hip hop collective (dive deep into lyrics in this one), The Color and Sound – a stellar rock band from Boston, MA, and Wordsmith who has been been with FrostClick for quite a while now.
Ain’t No Love: EP – “Shine”
The Grammar Club: Bioavailable – “Four Fine Walls”
The Color and Sound: The Spring Tour – “Graves”
Wildlight: Hers Was As Thunder – “Twirl Me”
Wordsmith: The Backstage EP – “Stronger Living”
Ménage Quad: Swing Soiree – “Off The Wall”
BJ Block and Dawn Pemberton: II – “What Comes Naturally”
Mike Schpitz & Phys Edison: Paid Time Off – “Sly and The Family Jones”
John Graham: Magic: Blanc et Noir – “The Dark Arts”
emmy Curl: Origins – “Turn Off The Light”
Kings of the City: The FrostWire Special – “Make Me Worse”
Joe Marson and The Satisfied Mind: Someday Soon – “Someday Soon”
Among the closing acts on the Mixtape we have the great Ménage Quad with its electro-swing and hiphop sounds that will keep you moving all night long. There is also a more funky blues side of music brought to us by BJ Block and Dawn Pemberton in their latest album titled II and the beautiful voice of emmy Curl who comes to us all the way from Portugal. And if you want more great hip hop/rap you are still in for something special with Mike Schpitz & Phys Edison and John Graham.
Finishing it off are two very different yet equally amazing songs. Someday Soon from Joe Marson is a great track that mixes a little bit of blues with spot on acoustic guitar and some reflective lyrics.
Make Me Worse, from no other than Kings of the City (based in London, UK), on the other hand, “starts off with a calm acoustic entrance only to swiftly turn to quick rapping power song with a hint of rock-n-roll in its composition.” More recently the band has lost one of its members, Danny, a loss that shall not be forgotten! And again, we wanted to take this opportunity to send our condolences to Danny’s family and friends. We hope that with this Mixtape the music will be heard by thousands more.
There is certainly no shortage of amazing music out there and we are truly grateful that we were able to work with some of the best (often independent) artists around. Its been an incredible year but the most incredible is still in front of us. Can’t wait for 2014!
As always, if you like what you hear, make sure to support your favorite artists – buy their tracks and merch on bandcamp, go to their concerts, fund their new albums on Kickstarter, or at least like their Facebook page – they will give back 100 fold with the amazing music they will create for you!
Stay with us throughout the year and enjoy the best of the best, including over 350 great albums of all genres we bring you here over at FrostClick.com every year. That’s one free album every day!
Want even more? Be sure to follow us on Facebook and Twitter for even more great music recommendations from the team.
Happy New Year!
via WordPress biophytopharm.com/the-most-powerful-olive-oil-for-your-he...
The Most Powerful Olive Oil for your Health
The Most Powerful Olive Oil for your Health
Dear Friends of Health, when I was little, with my brothers and sisters we accompanied Some Sundays our father, originally Of the Cevennes, near Uzès in the Gard, to recover Olive oil intended for the family. She had a nice Green color, and when it drained on the salad or the Asparagus until the last drop of fluid gold, we Felt and feasted his palate of flavors. It does not Not know all the benefits of olive oil for health of each.
I will focus on these treasures that are the Polyphenols discovered thanks to the progress of the techniques Analytical dosage of the different components Olive oil. They allow you to know and select The best qualities according to the methods of extraction, culture patterns and their geography. We are no longer 3000 years before our era! Olive oil is generally the source of the Of the lipid intake in the Méditerranian diet, associated with goat cheese and/or Sheep.
Here is the evidence for both specialists To all of you who wanted to know what Good and useful for health in olive oil. I’ve been looking for olive groves in an area.
Olive oil rich in polyphenols
The natural polyphenols of olive oil are molecules Bioavailable and highly bioactive, which Give a multitude of benefits to human health. These Compounds are part of the family of antioxidants. They allow To combat free radicals with deleterious effects: Cell aggression, DNA modification, oxidation of Lipids. Recent studies have shown that the Hydroxytyrosol Olive oil improves the mitochondrial function that prevents Cellular aging and therefore aging of the body. This brings us back to confirm that this compound is a useful agent for preventing aging and Age-related illnesses.
The polyphenols of olive oil also participate in the protection And the treatment of cancer. In this context, it has been demonstrated That Hydroxytyrosol and Oleuropein have an anti-cancer effect On colon cancer, blood cancer, cancer Breast,… These famous compounds act against cancer by Several antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic mechanisms.
The benefits of phenolic olive oil compounds On the cardiovascular system have been elucidated by several Authors. In fact, the polyphenols of olive oil promote The reduction of the presence of cellular adhesion molecules, Increase the availability of nitric oxide, suppress Platelet aggregation, protect LDL from Oxidation to delay atherosclerosis and reduce the reaction Inflammatory.
Currently, other virtues of the polyphenols of oil Olives are recognized, including their antibacterial effect, Treatment and prevention of diabetes and disease of Alzheimer’s.
Olive oil, Source of Antioxidants And good fatty acids
The chemical composition of olive oil contains elements Major and minor. Olive oil has A balanced nutritional composition of fatty acids and Triglycerides (98% of the total weight). The abundance of acid Oleic, a mono-unsaturated fatty acid, is the characteristic Which defines olive oil outside of other vegetable oils. Oleic acid (C18:1 N-9) represents 56 to 84% of acids Olive oil (Rossell, 2001), while linoleic acid (C18:2 N-6) which is an essential polyunsaturated fatty acid For human consumption, represents 3 to 21% (Tiscornia et al., 1982; Visioli et al., 1998).
The minor components, Represent about 2% of the total weight of the oil, in particular More than 230 chemical compounds, such as alcohols Aliphatic and Triterpene, sterols, hydrocarbons, Volatile compounds and polyphenols (Servili et al., 2002). Nevertheless, it is the presence of phenolic compounds and other special antioxidants that give the oil of olive a high stability against oxidation with a color and a unique flavor distinguishing it from other oils.
The main antioxidants of olive oil are carotenes and phenolic compounds, including phenols Lipophilic and Hydrophilic (Boskou, 1996). Tocopherols (phenols lipophilic) can be found in oils Other vegetables, while some hydrophilic phenols Such hydroxytyrosol of olive oil are generally not Not present in other oils and fats * extra virgin olive oil is the oil obtained from the fruit of The olive tree only by mechanical processes or other Physical processes in conditions, particularly thermal, That do not cause oil alteration, and have not undergone any No treatment other than washing, settling, centrifuging and filtration. The free acidity expressed as oleic acid is a maximum of 1 gram for 100 grams.
* * Virgin olive oil is the oil obtained from the fruit of The olive tree only by identical processes and treatments With extra virgin olive oil, but whose free acidity expressed as oleic acid is not more than 2 grams for 100 grams. Refined olive oil is the olive oil obtained from the Virgin olive oils by refining techniques that do not lead to No changes to the initial glycéridique structure.
The post The Most Powerful Olive Oil for your Health appeared first on BIOPHYTOPHARM.
Um texto, em português, da Wikipédia:
Hibiscus
Hibiscus L. é um gênero botânico, com cerca de 300 espécies, inserido na família das Malvaceae, com flores e folhas exuberantes. Devido à nova taxonomia pela filogenética (Angiosperm Phylogeny Group), muitas espécies que pertenciam a esse gênero estão migrando para outros gêneros. Por exemplo: Hibiscus esculentus L., a planta do quiabo, agora é Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench. O cultivo dos exemplares do gênero, tanto ornamental como econômico, está disseminado nas regiões subtropicais e tropicais, cuidando para não sofrerem com geadas e temperaturas baixas constantes.
Etimologia:
Hibiscus significa Ísis (deusa egípcia), em grego.
Sinonímia:
Bombycidendron Zoll. & Moritzi
Bombycodendron Hassk.
Brockmania W. Fitzg.
Fioria Mattei
Espécies:
Hibiscus acetosella
Hibiscus x archeri (híbrido)
Hibiscus arnottianus
Hibiscus bifurcatus
Hibiscus brackenridgei
Hibiscus calyphyllus
Hibiscus cameronii
Hibiscus cannabinus
Hibiscus chitra
Hibiscus cisplatinus
Hibiscus clayi
Hibiscus coccineus
Hibiscus denisonii
Hibiscus diversifolius
Hibiscus elatus
Hibiscus furcellatus
Hibiscus fuscus
Hibiscus grandiflorus
Hibiscus hastatus
Hibiscus heterophyllus
Hibiscus indicus
Hibiscus kokio
Hibiscus lasiocarpos
Hibiscus lavaterioides
Hibiscus lobatus
Hibiscus ludwigii
Hibiscus macrophyllus
Hibiscus mastersianus
Hibiscus militaris
Hibiscus moscheutos
Hibiscus mutabilis (malva-rosa)
Hibiscus paramutabilis
Hibiscus pedunculatus
Hibiscus pernambucensis (guanxuma-do-mangue)
Hibiscus platanifolius
Hibiscus radiatus
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (hibisco)
Hibiscus sabdariffa (vinagreira)
Hibiscus schizopetalus (hibisco-crespo)
Hibiscus scottii
Hibiscus sinosyriacus
Hibiscus splendens
Hibiscus syriacus (hibisco-da-síria)
Hibiscus tiliaceus (algodoeiro-da-praia)
Hibiscus trionum (flor-de-todas-as-horas)
Hibiscus waimeae
Hibiscus dioscorides
Hibiscus diriffan
Hibiscus escobariae
Hibiscus noli-tangere
Hibiscus quattenensis
Hibiscus socotranus
Hibiscus stenanthus
Portugal:
Em Portugal este género está representado por 2 espécies, presentes em Portugal Continental, a primeira nativa, a segunda introduzida:1
Hibiscus palustris L.
Hibiscus trionum L.
Classificação do gênero:
Sistema Classificação Referência
Linné Classe Monadelphia, ordem Polyandria Species plantarum (1753)
Papuodendron C. T. White
Pariti Adans.
Talipariti Fryxell
Wilhelminia Hochr.
A text, in english, from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia:
Hibiscus
For other uses, see Hibiscus (disambiguation).
Hibiscus
Hibiscus flower TZ.jpg
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Angiosperms
Class: Eudicots
Order: Malvales
Family: Malvaceae
Subfamily: Malvoideae
Tribe: Hibisceae
Genus: Hibiscus
L.
Species
232 species
Synonyms
Bombycidendron Zoll. & Moritzi
Bombycodendron Hassk.
Brockmania W.Fitzg.
Pariti Adans.
Wilhelminia Hochr.
Hibiscus (/hɨˈbɪskəs/ or /haɪˈbɪskəs/) is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae. It is quite large, containing several hundred species that are native to warm-temperate, subtropical and tropical regions throughout the world. Member species are often noted for their showy flowers and are commonly known simply as hibiscus, or less widely known as rose mallow. The genus includes both annual and perennial herbaceous plants, as well as woody shrubs and small trees. The generic name is derived from the Greek word ἱβίσκος (hibískos), which was the name Pedanius Dioscorides (ca. 40–90) gave to Althaea officinalis.
Description:
The leaves are alternate, ovate to lanceolate, often with a toothed or lobed margin. The flowers are large, conspicuous, trumpet-shaped, with five or more petals, color from white to pink, red, orange, purple or yellow, and from 4–18 cm broad. Flower color in certain species, such as H. mutabilis and H. tiliaceus, changes with age.[5] The fruit is a dry five-lobed capsule, containing several seeds in each lobe, which are released when the capsule dehisces (splits open) at maturity. It is of red and white colours. It is an example of complete flowers.
Uses:
Symbolism and culture
Hibiscus species represent nations: Hibiscus syriacus is the national flower of South Korea, and Hibiscus rosa-sinensis is the national flower of Malaysia. The hibiscus is the national flower of Haiti. The red hibiscus is the flower of the Hindu goddess Kali, and appears frequently in depictions of her in the art of Bengal, India, often with the goddess and the flower merging in form. The hibiscus is used as an offering to goddess Kali and Lord Ganesha in Hindu worship.
In the Philippines, the gumamela (local name for hibiscus) is used by children as part of a bubble-making pastime. The flowers and leaves are crushed until the sticky juices come out. Hollow papaya stalks are then dipped into this and used as straws for blowing bubbles.
The hibiscus flower is traditionally worn by Tahitian and Hawaiian girls. If the flower is worn behind the left ear, the woman is married or in a relationship. If the flower is worn on the right, she is single or openly available for a relationship. The hibiscus is Hawaii's state flower.
Nigerian author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie named her first novel Purple Hibiscus after the delicate flower.
The bark of the hibiscus contains strong bast fibres that can be obtained by letting the stripped bark set in the sea to let the organic material rot away.
Landscaping
Many species are grown for their showy flowers or used as landscape shrubs, and are used to attract butterflies, bees, and hummingbirds.
Paper
One species of Hibiscus, known as kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus), is extensively used in paper-making.
Beverage
Main article: Hibiscus tea
The tea made of hibiscus flowers is known by many names in many countries around the world and is served both hot and cold. The beverage is well known for its color, tanginess and flavor.
It is known as bissap in West Africa, agua de jamaica in Mexico and Honduras (the flower being flor de jamaica) and gudhal (गुड़हल) in India. Some refer to it as roselle, a common name for the hibiscus flower. In Jamaica, Trinidad and many other islands in the Caribbean, the drink is known as sorrel (Hibiscus sabdariffa; not to be confused with Rumex acetosa, a species sharing the common name sorrel). In Ghana, the drink is known as soobolo in one of the local languages.
Roselle is typically boiled in an enamel-coated large stock pot as most West Indians believe the metal from aluminum, steel or copper pots will destroy the natural minerals and vitamins.[citation needed]
In Cambodia, a cold beverage can be prepared by first steeping the petals in hot water until the colors are leached from the petals, then adding lime juice (which turns the beverage from dark brown/red to a bright red), sweeteners (sugar/honey) and finally cold water/ice cubes.
In Egypt,[citation needed] Sudan and the Arab world, hibiscus tea is known as karkadé (كركديه), and is served as both a hot and a cold drink.
Food
Dried hibiscus is edible, and it is often a delicacy in Mexico. It can also be candied and used as a garnish.
The roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) is used as a vegetable. The species Hibiscus suratensis Linn synonymous to Hibiscus aculeatus G. Don is noted in Visayas Philippines being a souring ingredient for almost all local vegetables and menus. Known as Labog in the Visayan area, (or Labuag/Sapinit in Tagalog), the species is a very good ingredient in cooking native chicken soup. Certain species of hibiscus are also beginning to be used more widely as a natural source of food coloring (E163),[citation needed] and replacement of Red #3 / E127.
Hibiscus species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidopteran species, including Chionodes hibiscella, Hypercompe hambletoni, the nutmeg moth, and the turnip moth.
Health benefits
The tea is popular as a natural diuretic; it contains vitamin C and minerals, and is used traditionally as a mild medicine.
A 2008 USDA study shows consuming hibiscus tea lowers blood pressure in a group of prehypertensive and mildly hypertensive adults. Three cups of tea daily resulted in an average drop of 8.1 mmHg in their systolic blood pressure, compared to a 1.3 mmHg drop in the volunteers who drank the placebo beverage. Study participants with higher blood pressure readings (129 or above) had a greater response to hibiscus tea: their systolic blood pressure went down by 13.2 mmHg. These data support the idea that drinking hibiscus tea in an amount readily incorporated into the diet may play a role in controlling blood pressure, although more research is required.
Studies have demonstrated the anti-hypertensive effects of H. sabdariffa in both humans and animals. It has been proposed that the antihypertensive effects of H. sabdariffa is due to its angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibiting activity. In a randomized, controlled clinical trial involving 39 patients with mild to moderate hypertension, Captopril was compared to an extract of H. sabdariffa for antihypertensive effects. Subjects taking an extract of H.sabdariffa, consumed daily before breakfast for four weeks, found reduction in blood pressure similar to Captopril. Another randomized, placebo clinical trial involving 54 study participants with moderate hypertension demonstrated a reduction in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. However upon discontinuation of treatment, both systolic and diastolic blood pressures were subsequently elevated.
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis has a number of medical uses in Chinese herbology. Lokapure s.g.et al. their research indicates some potential in cosmetic skin care; for example, an extract from the flowers of Hibiscus rosa- sinensis has been shown to function as an anti-solar agent by absorbing ultraviolet radiation.
In the Indian traditional system of medicine, Ayurveda, hibiscus, especially white hibiscus and red hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis), is considered to have medicinal properties. The roots are used to make various concoctions believed to cure ailments such as cough, hair loss or hair greying. As a hair treatment, the flowers are boiled in oil along with other spices to make a medicated hair oil. The leaves and flowers are ground into a fine paste with a little water, and the resulting lathery paste is used as a shampoo plus conditioner.
Hibiscus tea also contains bioflavonoids, which are believed to help prevent an increase in LDL cholesterol, which can increase the buildup of plaque in the arteries.
A previous animal study demonstrated the effects of H.sabdariffa extract on atherosclerosis in rabbits. Notably, a reduction in triglyceride, cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein was observed in rabbits consuming a high cholesterol diet (HCD) in addition to H.sabdariffa extract compared to rabbits only fed HCD, suggesting a beneficial effect.[16] Furthermore, the H. sabdariffa seed is abundant in phytosterol and tocopherol, plant forms of cholesterol that have antioxidant and LDL cholesterol lowering effects.
Precautions and Contraindications:
Pregnancy and Lactation
While the mechanism is not well understood, previous animal studies have demonstrated both an inhibitory effect of H. sabdariffa on muscle tone and the anti-fertility effects of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, respectively. The extract of H. sabdariffa has been shown to stimulate contraction of the rat bladder and uterus; the H.rosa-sinensis extract has exhibited contraceptive effects in the form of estrogen activity in rats. These findings have not been observed in humans. The Hibiscus rosa-sinensis is also thought to have emmenagogue effects which can stimulate menstruation and, in some women, cause an abortion. Due to the documented adverse effects in animal studies and the reported pharmacological properties, the H. sabdariffa and H.rosa-sinensis are not recommended for use during pregnancy. Additionally, they are not recommended while breastfeeding due to the lack of reliable information on its safety and use.
Contraindications
No contraindications have been identified.
Adverse Effects
Drug Interactions
It is postulated that H. sabdariffa interacts with diclofenac, chloroquine and acetaminophen by altering the pharmacokinetics. In healthy human volunteers, the H. sabdariffa extract was found to reduce the excretion of diclofenac upon co-administration. Additionally, co-administration of Karkade (H. sabdariffa), a common Sudanese beverage, was found to reduce chloroquine bioavailability. However, no statistically significant changes were observed in the pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen when administered with the Zobo (H.sabdariffa) drink. Further studies are needed to demonstrate clinical significance.
Species:
In temperate zones, probably the most commonly grown ornamental species is Hibiscus syriacus, the common garden hibiscus, also known in some areas as the "Rose of Althea" or "Rose of Sharon" (but not to be confused with the unrelated Hypericum calycinum, also called "Rose of Sharon"). In tropical and subtropical areas, the Chinese hibiscus (H. rosa-sinensis), with its many showy hybrids, is the most popular hibiscus.
Several hundred species are known, including:
Hibiscis acapulcensis
Hibiscus acetosella Welw. ex Hiern.—False Roselle
Hibiscus acicularis
Hibiscus aculeatus—Comfortroot
Hibiscus altissimus
Hibiscus andongensis
Hibiscus angolensis
Hibiscus aponeurus[26]
Hibiscus archeri—Archer's Hibiscus
Hibiscus aridicola
Hibiscus arnottianus A.Gray—Kokiʻo ʻula (Hawaii)
Hibiscus asper—Bush Roselle
Hibiscus austroyunnanensis
Hibiscus barbosae
Hibiscus benguellensis
Hibiscus berberidifolius
Hibiscus bernieri
Hibiscus bifurcatus—Fork-bracted Rosemallow
Hibiscus biseptus—Arizona Rosemallow
Hibiscus bojerianus
Hibiscus boryanus—Foulsapate Marron
Hibiscus brackenridgei A.Gray—Hawaiian hibiscus Maʻo hau hele
Hibiscus burtt-davyi
Hibiscus caerulescens
Hibiscus caesius—Dark-eyed Hibiscus (South Africa)
Hibiscus calyphyllus—Lemonyellow Rosemallow (Tropical Africa)
Hibiscus cameronii—Cameron's Hibiscus, Pink Hibiscus
Hibiscus cannabinus L.—Kenaf
Hibiscus castroi
Hibiscus cisplatinus—Rosa Del Rio
Hibiscus citrinus-
Hibiscus clayi O.Deg. & I.Deg.—Hawaiian red hibiscus (Hawaii)
Hibiscus clypeatus—Congo Mahoe
Hibiscus coccineus (Medik.) Walter—Scarlet Rosemallow
Hibiscus colimensis
Hibiscus columnaris—Mahot Rempart
Hibiscus comoensis
Hibiscus congestiflorus
Hibiscus costatus
Hibiscus coulteri—Desert Rosemallow
Hibiscus cuanzensis
Hibiscus dasycalyx—Neches River Rosemallow
Hibiscus denudatus Benth.—Pale Face (Southwestern United States, Northwestern Mexico)
Hibiscus dimidiatus
Hibiscus dioscorides A.G.Mill. (es/pt) (Yemen)
Hibiscus diplocrater
Hibiscus diriffan A.G.Mill. (Yemen)
Hibiscus diversifolius—Swamp Hibiscus
Hibiscus dongolensis
Hibiscus donianus
Hibiscus elatus—Mahoe
Hibiscus elegans
Hibiscus engleri—Wild Hibiscus
Hibiscus escobariae
Hibiscus excellii
Hibiscus ferrugineus
Hibiscus ficalhoanus
Hibiscus flavoroseus
Hibiscus fragilis DC.—Mandrinette (Mascarene Islands)
Hibiscus fragrans
Hibiscus fritzscheae
Hibiscus furcellatus Desr.—Lindenleaf rosemallow (Caribbean, Florida, Central America, South America, Hawaii)
Hibiscus fugosioides
Hibiscus furcellatus—Salad Hibiscus
Hibiscus fuscus
Hibiscus genevii Bojer (Mauritius)
Hibiscus gilletii
Hibiscus gossweileri
Hibiscus grandidieri
Hibiscus grandiflorus Michx.—Swamp rosemallow (Southeastern United States)
Hibiscus grandistipulatus
Hibiscus grewiifolius
Hibiscus hamabo
Hibiscus hastatus
Hibiscus heterophyllus—Native rosella
Hibiscus hirtus—Lesser Mallow
Hibiscus hispidissimus
Hibiscus huellensis
Hibiscus hybridus
Hibiscus indicus
Hibiscus insularis Endl.—Phillip Island hibiscus (Phillip Island)
Hibiscus integrifolius
Hibiscus jaliscensis
Hibiscus kochii
Hibiscus kokio—Red Rosemallow
Hibiscus labordei
Hibiscus laevis All. (=H. militaris)—Halberd-leaved rosemallow (central and eastern North America)
Hibiscus lasiocarpos—Woolly Rosemallow
Hibiscus lasiococcus
Hibiscus lavaterioides
Hibiscus laxiflorus
Hibiscus leptocladus ([Northwest Australia])
Hibiscus leviseminus
Hibiscus lilacinus—Lilac Hibiscus
Hibiscus liliiflorus—Rodrigues Tree Hibiscus
Hibiscus longifolius
Hibiscus longisepalus
Hibiscus ludwigii
Hibiscus lunariifolius
Hibiscus macrogonus
Hibiscus macrophyllus—Largeleaf Rosemallow
Hibiscus macropodus
Hibiscus makinoi—Okinawan Hibiscus
Hibiscus malacophyllus Balf.f. (Yemen)
Hibiscus malacospermus
Hibiscus martianus—Heartleaf Rosemallow
Hibiscus moscheutos Welw. ex Hiern.—Crimsoneyed Rosemallow (Central and Eastern North America)
Hibiscus mutabilis L.—Cotton Rosemallow, Confederate Rose (East Asia)
Hibiscus paramutabilis
Hibiscus pedunculatus
Hibiscus pernambucensis—Seaside Mahoe
Hibiscus phoeniceus—Brazilian Rosemallow
Hibiscus platanifolius
Hibiscus quattenensis
Hibiscus poeppigii—Poeppig's Rosemallow
Hibiscus radiatus—Monarch Rosemallow
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.—Chinese hibiscus (East Asia)
Hibiscus sabdariffa L.—Roselle, Omutete, or Sorrel
Hibiscus schizopetalus—Fringed Rosemallow
Hibiscus scottii
Hibiscus socotranus
Hibiscus sinosyriacus
Hibiscus splendens
Hibiscus stenanthus Balf.f. (Yemen)
Hibiscus striatus—Striped Rosemallow
Hibiscus syriacus L. (Type species)—Rose of Sharon (Asia)
Hibiscus tiliaceus L.—Sea hibiscus (Australia, Southeast Asia, Oceania)
Hibiscus trilobus—Threelobe Rosemallow
Hibiscus trionum L.—Flower-of-an-Hour
Hibiscus vitifolius—Tropical Rose Mallow
Hibiscus waimeae A.Heller—Kokiʻo keʻokeʻo (Hawaii)
Bioavailability of nutrients in plant-based foods compared to animal-source foods, showing the amount of plant-based or animal-source food you would need to consume to gain an equivalent measure of nutrient.
Created by Annabel Slater a.slater@cgiar.org 2021.
Uploaded by Annabel Slater.
Source: www.ilri.org/news/new-report-un-nutrition-untangles-risks...
This is our new "hard-gel" caps with high-bioavailable supplements, bonded to amino acids and made to dissolve in the upper intestine rather than stomach, for optimum absorption in the bloodstream.
Pregnenolone is an incredible prohormone for anti-aging, defeating some signs of depression. Cognitive performance and memory. And improving energy levels.
Marinated spiced broccoli..
250g broccoli
1 tbsp lime juice
2 tbsp olive oil
ginger – finely grated
turmeric – finely grated
salt and pepper
Mix all ingredients together in a large bowl and massage with your hands until the broccoli becomes softer, then leave to stand for 10 minutes.
For the sauce
¼ cup macadamia butter
2 tbsp lime juice
1 date, soaked
¼ cup water
Add the following depending on your tastes!
turmeric
chili
fresh ginger
lemongrass
mint
white sesame oil
Vietnamese mint
Blend all ingredients in a high-power blender.
Mix some of the sauce with the broccoli when ready to serve, use the rest of the sauce to complement the salad on the side. Add to your favourite salad leaves, here we have rocket, spinach, sorrel and sprouts!
Raw broccoli..?
Broccoli is a cruciferous vegetable with numerous health benefits. If a new study holds true, you may be better off eating raw broccoli rather than cooked. Here’s why.
Unless you’ve had your head in the sand, you’ve probably heard about the wonderful health benefits of broccoli. Not only is this cruciferous vegetable high in vitamin C and fiber, it’s also a rich source of compounds known as glucosinolates which are broken down in the body to form sulforaphane. Sulforaphane has been demonstrated in numerous studies to have potent anti-cancer properties. No wonder broccoli is touted as one of the best vegetables for cancer prevention. Unfortunately, if you’re enjoying cooked broccoli as opposed to raw, you may be missing out on these important anti-cancer benefits if the results of a recent study holds true.
This study, published in the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, looked at sulforaphane levels in the blood and urine of a group of people who had eaten raw broccoli versus a group who had eaten cooked broccoli. When the researchers determined the bioavailability of sulforaphane in the two groups, they found that the group who ate the raw broccoli had sulforaphane bioavailability of 34 percent versus the cooked broccoli group where the bio availability was only 3.4 percent. This means that very little of the sulforaphane in the cooked broccoli was made available for the body to use.
The researchers also noted in this study that in the group that ate the cooked broccoli, absorption of sulforaphane was significantly delayed and peak levels were achieved much later. All in all, the subjects who ate the raw broccoli had faster absorption of sulforaphane as well as higher peak levels of this potent anti-cancer compound.
What does this mean if you’re eating broccoli for health reasons? Even if you enjoy cooked broccoli more than raw, it would be advisable to add raw broccoli to your diet in order to maximize your blood levels of sulforaphane. Instead of eating steamed or sautéed broccoli, choose a raw broccoli salad instead. In this particular study it was stated how the broccoli was cooked so it’s unclear whether very lightly steaming broccoli would significantly lower sulforaphane levels. The best approach may be to eat a combination of both lightly steamed broccoli and raw broccoli for maximum health benefits since certain other nutrients may be made more bio available by the cooking process.
Another alternative to both raw broccoli and cooked broccoli would be adding young broccoli sprouts to your salads which has up to fifty times the amount of sulforaphane found in the mature broccoli florets. These are available at many grocery stores nationwide marketed under the name of Broccosprouts. Adding Broccosprouts or raw broccoli to your salads may be a simple way to boost your blood levels of sulforaphane and potentially decrease your risk of certain types of cancer. The next time you’re planning your salad, don’t forget to add some raw broccoli!
Source:
healthmad.com/nutrition/why-raw-broccoli-is-healthier-tha...
Cruciferous vegetable (Noun) – a vegetable of the mustard family: especially mustard greens; various cabbages; broccoli; cauliflower; brussels sprouts
Read more about Donna Wild’s experience: wilddonna.com/2012/08/13/love-me-raw-ready-for-lunch-join...
Entry in category 3. ©Sigrist Juerg; See also bit.ly/snsf_comp_copy
Date of recording: 15.01.2017; Recording Details: 35mm, 1/15 s at f2.2, Iso 100. Climatic chamber in sterile plant cultivations. These are attracted and selected for particular features, e.g. Bushy growth for more biomass or protein or starch content in leaves and roots for better bioavailability.
Climatic chamber in sterile plant cultures. These are attracted and selected for particular features, e.g. Bushy growth for more biomass or protein or starch content in leaves and roots for better bioavailability. ¦ Image#3_53
WHAT'S INSIDE
Drink to Your Health
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Aloe Vera
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Matt (Abstract Gourmet) creates a mean Turkish coffee in an ibrik.
One thing I learned in our discussions and drinks was that well made coffee doesn't actually require any sugar added. This was a bit of a revelation, as I'd never considered this. This is as heating the milk properly denatures the proteins, and makes the lactose sugars more bioavailable to occupy sweet receptors on the tongue. Good stuff.
I'd recommend you pop over to his well designed and attractive food blog - it's at www.abstractgourmet.com
Some lentil soup I made tonight, with onions, carrots, celery, carrots, pickles, & kale.
Recipe
Okay, here's how I cooked it:
2 cups uncooked lentils
1 cup brown basmati rice
8 cups water
1 onion chopped
2 carrots chopped
2 celery stalks chopped
2-3 large leaves of kale chopped
3-4 large dill pickles chopped
2 tablespoons extra virgin olive oil
2 bay leaves
1-2 teaspoons salt (I use Celtic sea salt)
~ 2 teaspoons white vinegar
Mix all ingredients except the vinegar in a large pot & bring to a boil, then simmer covered until the lentils are soft, about an hour usually. Then add the vinegar. This makes enough of a very thick soup to feed several people, or several meals for one or two people.
This is based on a recipe for Greek lentil soup I learned long ago from Laurel's Kitchen (famous vegetarian cookbook originally published 1976); main differences is I tend to use about twice as much veggies as the original called for, & I added in the rice & the kale (or any other dark leafy green), & I leave out the potato b/c I seldom have any on hand (I don't eat much potato b/c it's high glycemic). I also added the pickles, which I use a lot to add a flavor variation to various dishes.
Note that by the end of cooking, the kale will be quite a different shade of green than in the photo above, which was taken at a fairly early stage of the cooking. You can keep it closer to this bright shade of green by adding it closer to the end, but don't wait until the very last minute: some of the good (nutritiional) stuff in kale (& some other leafy greens) isn't fully bioavailable when it's too uncooked.
Variations: Add more water if you want a thinner soup (or lower the amount of veggies). You can skip the rice or use a different kind of rice if you want, or use different vegetables or different quantities of vegetables. For example, potato, turnip, any dark leafy greens. Fresh tomatoes (which I like best added near the end, so they aren't as cooked). If you're not a vegetarian, you can also add some meat -- my favorites are well-browned bison stew meat or precooked boneless ham. Tofu might be good in there too, but I've never tried it.
Like most soups made with beans/legumes, this (1) easy to make -- most of the work is just chopping up the veggies; & (2) you can vary it a lot based on what you have on hand in the way of vegetables or type of beans/legumes. Just be aware that some types of beans/legumes take a lot longer to cook than lentils, & may need to be soaked overnight before cooking. But lentils are really fast; blackeyed peas are pretty fast too.
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Science has shown that as we age our ability to absorb calcium reduces. In fact some reports indicate that our ability to absorb calcium from our diet declines by 60% from childhood to adulthood. What can you do to promote healthy bones and teeth? New & Improved Forever Calcium® provides the clinically proven quantities of Calcium, Magnesium, Zinc, Manganese, Copper and the Vitamins C & D to help maintain proper bone structure and function.
You depend on the strength of your body every day, and it starts from the inside out. Forever’s new form of calcium, Di-Calcium malate, is most effective at promoting optimum bone building since it stays in the blood stream longer and does not interfere with the natural pH balance in the stomach. Additionally, our proprietary mineral blend is smaller and more absorbable than our previous formula.
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ilovebuttercoffee.com/bulletproof-product-reviews/ketopri...
The post KetoPrime Supplement appeared first on Bulletproof Coffee Fan Club.
Do you want to help take care of your mitochondria? Of course you do just like everyone should be working on. Our health status is linked to how well we can support the work, millions of mitochondria do around our body.
On Dec 21, 2016 a brand new Bulletproof supplement was released to the biohacking public. It is called KetoPrime and it is designed to help allow your brain to achieve high performance. However, brain function is not all that it helps with.
If you follow a ketogenic diet or a low carb high fat way of eating then you’ll enjoy the added benefits taking KetoPrime can assist you as you try make tons of ATP from quality fats like, Brain Octane oil & butter.
Benefits
Helps get rid of brain fog
Helps the Kreb cycle make ATP energy
Mimics calorie restriction which helps you make new mitochondria
Helps manage glucose levels
Useful anti-aging (longevity) supplement
Ingredients
Above are just some of the positive effects that you can get from taking oxaloacetate, which is the main ingredient of KetoPrime.
You may have heard of oxaloacetate (OAA) before as it is also used in the Bulletproof aging formula. If you have been taking aging formula then you will love KetoPrime too. This is a new bioavailable form of oxaloacetate that is combined with other co-factors to allow you the chance to get up to 90% into your bloodstream. You can get anywhere near this from OAA raw form.
How to Take KetoPrime
Take one KetoPrime lozenge
Place it under the tongue or between the gum & cheek
Wait 5-10 mins to allow to dissolve
Chew and swallow any remaining lozenge
Done
You can take a lozenge anytime of the day ideally with food. Don’t swallow them with water, let them dissolve a bit in your mouth first.
Suggested Usage
Morning Time
Take one in the morning with your Bulletproof coffee to help with an Bulletproof intermittent fast. Supercharge your brain with ketones to keep it feeling great for the day.
Work Time
Take one when you feel your mind is foggy and you can’t get clear thoughts. Get rid of the cotton wool feeling in your brain by popping a lozenge in your mouth. Great for keeping at work in a desk draw ready to boost you for a task, presentation or meeting.
When Exercising
Take one before a workout at the gym. This is because oxaloacetate (OAA) has been linked to improved muscle endurance. So why not try get some more milage out your muscles as you exercise them.
Before Sleeping
Take one at nighttime to assist you body whilst you are naturally fasting overnight. However, do remember that you need to brush your teeth after taking a lozenge. This is because it contains Vitamin C and you don’t want vit c on your teeth all night. It might cause an unwanted side-effect.
Best Bulletproof Supplement for Ketosis
Bulletproof Product
Description
Link
KetoPrime
Convenient way to assist nutritional ketosis.
Click Here for Pricing
Brain Octane Oil
Pure C8 oil that helps raise blood ketone levels and put you in a state of ketosis
Click Here for Pricing
XCT Oil
Upgraded form of MCT oil that is used on a ketogenic diet.
Click Here for Pricing
Ghee
Similar effects to butter when on a low carb high fat diet or ketogenic diet.
Click Here for Pricing
Ketoprime is one of the best supplements from the Bulletproof store to help assist you during nutritional ketosis. The best one to help you raise your blood ketones and put you in a state of ketosis would be Brain Octane Oil then XCT oil. As you know the Bulletproof diet is an upgraded way of living in ketosis.
When you buy it you will get 30 lozenges that come in a convenient flip top tube, which is resealable. This means you can easily travel with it and since it is not a liquid even take it through airport security when flying. They taste is pleasant and similar to taking a vitamin C tablet.
Science
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25027327
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19793063
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19795928
www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/tjem1920/96/2/96_2_127/_article
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1988.tb02...
Although the exact age may vary, prostate health eventually becomes an important issue for all men. Vit♂lize™ Men’s Vitality Supplement contains all of the power of Forever Pr♂6®, but now also includes more nutrients, more bioavailable nutrient forms and more powerful botanicals.
Vit♂lize™, combined with a healthy diet and exercise, offers a natural solution to support prostate health. This unique, comprehensive formulation supplies a highly effective blend of potent herbs, vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants to help maintain normal urinary flow, promote healthy testicular function, and encourage optimal prostate health.
Proprietary Botanical Blend
Vit♂lize™ is formulated with a proprietary blend of botanicals including saw palmetto, pygeum and pumpkin seed. Each of these botanicals has been used for centuries to support prostate health.
Exclusive Nutrient Blend
Vit♂lize™ also includes a blend of nutrients specifically designed and balanced to support men’s health and promote healthy prostate function. Vitamins C, D, E, and B6 are all essential for a healthy prostate. These vitamins have been combined with the minerals selenium and zinc, which have been found to play a critical role in prostate health. Quercetin and lycopene have also been added in levels that are properly balanced with these critical nutrients to provide complete prostate support.
New & Improved
In addition to vitamin E, selenium and lycopene from the original Forever Pr♂6®, Vitamin C, D and B6 have been added in combination with zinc and quercetin. Vitamins C, D, and B6 are all essential for prostate health and are required for the production of hormones.
Proprietary botanical blend including saw palmetto, pygeum and pumpkin seed
Proper nutrient balance for complete prostate support
Provides polyphenols equivalent to eating an entire pomegranate fruit
Science has shown that as we age our ability to absorb calcium reduces. In fact some reports indicate that our ability to absorb calcium from our diet declines by 60% from childhood to adulthood. What can you do to promote healthy bones and teeth? New & Improved Forever Calcium® provides the clinically proven quantities of Calcium, Magnesium, Zinc, Manganese, Copper and the Vitamins C & D to help maintain proper bone structure and function.
You depend on the strength of your body every day, and it starts from the inside out. Forever’s new form of calcium, Di-Calcium malate, is most effective at promoting optimum bone building since it stays in the blood stream longer and does not interfere with the natural pH balance in the stomach. Additionally, our proprietary mineral blend is smaller and more absorbable than our previous formula.
New & Improved Forever Calcium® uses superior forms of calcium and other patented high performance minerals to ensure maximum absorption and bioavailability. To combat our declining ability to absorb calcium as we age, a comprehensive supplement is vital to help protect against bone loss. Forever Calcium® can help you feel assured that you are relying on the highest quality ingredients to support your health.
* Provides Calcium, Magnesium, Zinc, Manganese, Copper and the Vitamins C & D
* Ensure maximum absorption and bioavailability
These are microscope images of bioassay samples collected in 2013 as part of Water Resources Research Institute (WRRI) funded research into DON bioavailability. They were collected in the Neuse River Estuary. Photo credit: B. Peierls/UNC Institute of Marine Sciences
Vitalyse Wellness Strips™ is a range of the World's Best Vitamins and Health supplements in the form of Oral Thin Films (OTF) or Oral Dissolving Strips (ODS) made using our Proprietary Nanotechnology. The OTF/ODS segment is the latest cutting edge technology that improves active ingredient bioavailability almost 40 times higher than usual capsules, tablets, effervescent tablets, powders or oils.
These are microscope images of bioassay samples collected in 2013 as part of Water Resources Research Institute (WRRI) funded research into DON bioavailability. They were collected in the Neuse River Estuary. Photo credit: B. Peierls/UNC Institute of Marine Sciences
Meriva®
A Breakthrough in Curcumin Absorption*
Whether taken as a supplement or from food, regular curcumin is generally poorly absorbed into the bloodstream. Working with Indena S.p.A., the worldwide experts in botanical extract technology, we have found the answer to better curcumin absorption – phytosome technology.* Two studies have shown Meriva Curcumin Phytosome to be significantly better absorbed than a standardized curcumin extract.*
Meriva (click on name to go to product pages)
For People Who Just Play Too HardTM
We all have occasional aches and pains from over-exertion. We play too hard, work too hard, and we pay for it with stiff joints and sore muscles. Meriva can help reduce the occasional stiffness and soreness we all experience.*
The body's normal inflammatory response is a natural process and a contributor to many reactions that go on in your body. This response happens automatically and is not something you can control. The primary objective of the body's normal inflammatory response is to isolate and eradicate irritants and then repair surrounding tissue.
What is "Normal Inflammatory Response?"
The term "normal inflammatory response" may not mean much to you, but its physical impact on your body is vitally important. It can arise from trauma, infection, or other influences, and is a normal process that encourages healing. From the slightest seemingly harmless bump on your arm to a major health concern, the body's normal inflammatory response is always at work to keep you as healthy as possible or to restore your health as best as it can. Of course, a lot of this depends on individual health.
The body's normal inflammatory response is the protective response of the body's tissues to irritation or injury. Sometimes this response can be prolonged due to a deficiency of essential fatty acids or other nutrients. In such cases, supplementation with beneficial fatty acids or other nutrients is often suggested. Sometimes there are other reasons for a prolonged inflammatory response and physical therapy or dietary changes may be helpful. For centuries, people have used natural chemicals found in plants (phytochemicals) to enhance the body's normal inflammatory response to injury or wear and tear. For example, the bark of the willow tree was used to relieve pain and discomfort more than 2,000 years ago by the Greeks and Romans and evolved into the aspirin we use today.
Curcumin – Supports the Body's Normal Inflammatory Response*
Turmeric, a well-known traditional herb, contains curcumin, a potent antioxidant that offers numerous health benefits.* Most of these benefits come from curcumin's strong antioxidant activity and its ability to support the body's normal inflammatory response.* Curcumin interacts with numerous biochemicals in the body to promote the body's normal inflammatory response and help keep this response functioning as it should.*
Emerging research suggests curcumin's antioxidant activity and support of the body's normal inflammatory response, as well as its potential to support already normal cholesterol levels, has a significant role to play in contributing to cardiovascular health, liver function, and joint health.*
Absorption You've Been Aching ForTM
The potential health benefits of curcumin are the subject of numerous ongoing clinical studies and have been featured in print media and television news programs. However, what makes curcumin so beneficial to the human body – its molecular structure – also makes it difficult to be absorbed into the bloodstream. If the curcumin isn't absorbed, it can't get to the body's cells that need it. To address this issue, Thorne Research has teamed up with Indena S.p.A., the worldwide experts in botanical extract technology, to bring you Meriva Curcumin Phytosome, a well-absorbed curcumin extract.*
Superior Absorption*
Phytosomes are plant extracts bound to phosphatidylcholine (fos-fa-tidal-ko-leen), which is an essential component of human cells. Our bodies make phosphatidylcholine, but we can also get it from food and supplements. When taken orally, phosphatidylcholine is very well absorbed.* To improve absorption, scientists at Indena found a way to attach curcumin to phosphatidylcholine – the result is Meriva! When you take Meriva your body readily absorbs the phosphatidylcholine and the curcumin attached to it, resulting in more curcumin reaching the cells that can benefit from it.*
Superior Bioavailability*
A 2007 study published in the journal Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology demonstrated Meriva's superior bioavailability compared to a standardized curcumin extract. This animal study noted a significantly greater amount of curcumin in the blood and tissue after dosing with Meriva. A human study compared blood levels of curcumin after dosing with 4 grams of a standardized curcuminoid extract to 450 mg Meriva curcuminoids (bound to phosphatidylcholine), and found similar blood levels of curcumin.
Ensure Superior Absorption When Purchasing Meriva
Thorne is the only company to provide Meriva in a patent-pending, time-release matrix, which causes the Meriva to be released slowly into the intestines, ensuring controlled absorption into the bloodstream.* This is similar to how nutrients are absorbed from a high-fiber meal. Non-time release products may absorb quickly – but in order to keep curcumin blood levels in your body consistent, more frequent dosing is required. Meriva-SR's sustained-release technology allows you to take it twice daily, because it is released more slowly into the body. Thorne Research does not add the flowing agent magnesium stearate to its Meriva product. This ensures you get only the purest product that contains no unnecessary ingredients that can inhibit the product's absorption. The whole concept with Meriva is that it can significantly increase the absorption of curcumin in the body; however, magnesium stearate may inhibit absorption. One reason physicians choose Thorne for their patients is that Thorne never uses magnesium stearate. Thorne is about purity and absorption.
Meriva-SR provides 250mg of curcumin phytosome per capsule in our patent-pending time-release matrix. Each bottle contains 120 vegetarian capsules.