View allAll Photos Tagged bacteriologic
James Deeny was born 7 November 1906 in Lurgan, Co. Armagh, the eldest of three children of Dr. Michael and Jane Deeny. He was educated in Lurgan and Clongowes Wood College and subsequently Queens University Belfast (QUB), where he graduated with a B.Sc. in biochemistry, bacteriology, and pathology, as well as a diploma in public health.
He then studied in Dublin at the Royal College of Physicians, and in 1930 travelled to Vienna, where he worked in the State Service Institute under the auspices of the American Medical Association, specialising in the bacteriology of tuberculosis. In September 1931 he joined his father's practice in Lurgan, the beginning of a varied and accomplished career at home and abroad. Conscious of practising medicine in an age where the Victorian type of clinical practice was still prevalent, he was determined to pursue a more modern approach by utilising scientific surveys and reports, coupled with a humanitarian approach to the victims of illness.
e first came to prominence in the 1930's, after publishing an assessment of the nutritional deficiencies of male factory workers in Lurgan in the Journal of the Ulster Medical Society. In 1941 he was elected a fellow of the Royal College of Physicians and a member of the Royal Irish Academy (MRIA), as well as chairman of the mid-Ulster division of the British Medical Association. He continued to receive the attention of medical academics through his research into nicotinic acid deficiency. During the Second World War he became a chemical warfare officer for Lurgan, and the ministry of health in London also sought his advice on nutrition in Northern Ireland.
His reputation, as well as his socio-economic expertise in relating health to poverty, led to his appointment as Chief Medical Adviser to the Department of Local Government and Public Health (the Department of Health after 1947) in Dublin in 1944. From the outset he was vigorous in his pursuit of a public health monitoring programme, the eradication of TB, and improving and expanding hospital care, and his appointment increased the pressures on the chief medical officers of local authorities to improve preventative health services. He had a major responsibility in preparing a plan for the development of a National Health Service in 1945. In May 1948 he attended the first assembly of the World Health Organisation in Geneva as chief of the Irish delegation. He left the department (1950) to conduct a three-year national TB survey, returned in 1953, and was subsequently given leave to work with the World Health Organisation (WHO), conducting national TB surveys in Sri Lanka and British Somaliland, and serving (1956-8) as the WHO chief of mission in Indonesia.
In 1962 he resigned from the service of the Irish government, and till 1967 served as chief of senior-staff-training for the WHO in Geneva. On returning to Ireland, he continued to do consultancy work for the WHO in Syria and Russia. In 1971 he was appointed as Medical Adviser to the Vatican organization Cor Unum, which was responsible for the co-ordination of catholic charities worldwide. In 1983 he was awarded an honorary doctorate from QUB.
His autobiography To Cure and to Care was published in 1989 and a selection of his research papers, The End of an Epidemic. Essays in Irish Public Health 1935-65 were published in 1995.
You get asked to take pictures of some interesting things. Part of a research project studying the microbes found in bee hives. Environmental portrait series.
Title / Titre :
Bacteriological Laboratory, British Acetones Limited, Toronto, Ontario /
Laboratoire bactériologique, British Acetones Limited, Toronto (Ontario)
Creator(s) / Créateur(s) : Unknown / Inconnu
Date(s) : November 30, 1916 / 30 novembre 1916
Reference No. / Numéro de référence : MIKAN 3193549, 3624306
collectionscanada.gc.ca/ourl/res.php?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&...
collectionscanada.gc.ca/ourl/res.php?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&...
Location / Lieu : Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Credit / Mention de source :
Canada. Department of National Defence. Library and Archives Canada, PA-024384 /
Canada. Ministère de la défense nationale. Bibliothèque et Archives Canada, PA-024384
Caption: January, 1949. Goshen, Indiana. Class in Bacteriology Lab at Goshen College. S. Witmer teaching.
Citation: Mennonite Community Photograph Collection, 1947-1953. Goshen College. HM4-134 Box 2 Photo 303-10. Mennonite Church USA Archives - Goshen. Goshen, Indiana.
Member of the personnel from the USN Hospital at Creevagh, looking into a microscope in the Bacteriology Department.
The Microscope in use here was made by the Spencer Lens Company. Founded in 1895 in Buffalo, New York, the company manufactured high-quality microscopes and is considered the first American microscope manufacturer. In 1935 American Optical purchased the Spencer Lens Company but continued operation under its own name, after the acquisition, until 1945 when it became known as the Instrument Division of American Optical Company. The microscopes used by the USN were marked with both the Spencer Buffalo logo and US Navy along their base.
Bacteriology Laboratory (Marshall Hall)
Bacteriology Laboratory (Marshall Hall). Two men are standing next to a camera on a tripod, while two other men converse nearby. On the front: "Bact. Lab. M.A.C.," "C.E.W." On the back: "Mrs. Mark Doty 421 Linden E Lansin Mich."
Date Unknown
Repository Information:
Michigan State University Archives & Historical Collections, 101 Conrad Hall, East Lansing, MI 48824, archives.msu.edu
Subjects:
Michigan State University -- Buildings -- Marshall Hall
Resource Identifier: A001020.jpg
___________________________________________________
Pour une visualisation d’une page galerie, placez la souris sur le bouton en haut à gauche de la fenêtre flickr.
Rassemblement devant le Conseil Constitutionnel le 5 aout 2021 www.flickr.com/photos/sebastienduhamel/51388931321/in/pho...
___________________________________________________
Reportages “Mobilisations à Paris” www.flickr.com/photos/sebastienduhamel/collections/721577...
[NB] Dans cette base flickr, les photos sont d’une résolution de 1000x667px.
Pour une visualisation optimale d’une page d’album, placez la souris sur le bouton du centre en haut à droite de la fenêtre flickr, puis cliquez sur le bouton.
Pour une visualisation pleine écran cliquez sur la photo et flèches de direction du clavier.
____________________________________________________
Passeport sanitaire fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passeport_sanitaire
____________________________________________________
Photographie de Sébastien Duhamel www.sebastien-duhamel.com
Galerie www.flickr.com/photos/sebastienduhamel
Classeur www.flickr.com/photos/sebastienduhamel/collections
Album www.flickr.com/photos/sebastienduhamel/sets
____________________________________________________
[NB] Vous souhaitez partager cette photo sur vos réseaux ?
Copier-coller l'URL depuis la barre d'adresse.
Go to Page 445 in the Internet Archive
Title: Lehrbuch der bakteriologischen Untersuchung und Diagnostik : eine Anleitung zur Ausführung bakteriologischer Arbeiten und zur Einrichtung bakteriologischer Arbeitstätten ...
Creator: Heim, Ludwig, b. 1857
Creator: Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh
Publisher: Stuttgart : F. Enke
Sponsor: Jisc and Wellcome Library
Contributor: Royal College of Physicians in Edinburgh
Date: 1894
Language: ger
Description: This material has been provided by the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh. The original may be consulted at the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh
Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh
If you have questions concerning reproductions, please contact the Contributing Library.
Note: The colors, contrast and appearance of these illustrations are unlikely to be true to life. They are derived from scanned images that have been enhanced for machine interpretation and have been altered from their originals.
Read/Download from the Internet Archive
Ninth Review Conference of the States Parties to the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on Their Destruction, Palais des Nations. UN photo by Violaine Martin
Student project exhibits, Bacteriology Department
Exhibits of student projects in the Bacteriology Department. The main display pictured is of "Methods of Food Preservation." The exhibit to the (camera) left is on "Food Nutrition".
Date Unknown
Repository Information:
Michigan State University Archives & Historical Collections, 101 Conrad Hall, East Lansing, MI 48824, archives.msu.edu
Subjects:
Michigan State University -- Cooperative Extension Service -- Farmers' Week [folder 7]
Resource Identifier: A001112.jpg
Bacteriological report accompanying the file HOSP/STAN/07/01/02/1514, a patient at Stannington Sanatorium being treated for Tuberculosis of the spine. Read more about this file on the album description.
Date: 1944-1948.
This image is part of our Stannington Sanatorium Flickr collection of albums of patient files, as part of our Stannington Sanatorium project. They are from our archive collections at Northumberland Archives. Feel free to share them within the spirit of the Commons. If you have any enquiries or would like copies please contact collections@woodhorn.org.uk for more information.
Corner in Bacteriological Laboratory, Audubon Sugar School of LSU in New Orleans, 1909.
#a50000359
LSU Photograph Collection, 1886-1926, Louisiana State University Archives, LSU Libraries, Baton Rouge, LA.
Location: Range AA:29, Box 2, Folder 4 [Audubon Sugar School]
"The Science of Sugar" blog post:
news.blogs.lib.lsu.edu/2015/01/14/science_of_sugar_lsu/
Images from LSU University Archives concerning Audubon Sugar School located in the Louisiana Digital Library.
cdm16313.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/search/collection/LSU_UAP...
LSU University Archives: www.lib.lsu.edu/special/archives
Laboratory of Chemical and bacteriological reconnaissance produced in 1918. This loud name hides a modest louse-slaughter - but it played a huge role in preserving the combat readiness of the Red Army during the Civil War 1918-1922.
Then the typhus epidemic produced a huge devastation and typhus louse has killed three times more people than the enemy's bullets and shells
Лаборатория химической и бактериологической разведки, изготовленная в 1918 г. За этим громким названием скрывается обыкновенная вошебойка. Но во время Гражданской войны 1918-1922 гг. она играла огромную роль в сохранении боеспособности Красной Армии.
Тогда эпидемия тифа производила огромное опустошение и тифозная вошь убила в три раза больше людей чем вражеские пули и снаряды
A student works in the Bacteriology Lab. On the back: "Student preparing fruit for micro-section in Bacteriology laboratory Marshall Hall 1905."
1905
Repository Information:
Michigan State University Archives & Historical Collections, 101 Conrad Hall, East Lansing, MI 48824, archives.msu.edu
Subjects:
Michigan State University -- Botany -- Research
Resource Identifier: A001118.jpg
Bacteriology Laboratory (Marshall Hall)
Bacteriology Laboratory (Marshall Hall). On the front: "Bacteriological Garden, M.A.C. East Lansing, Mich."
Date Unknown
Repository Information:
Michigan State University Archives & Historical Collections, 101 Conrad Hall, East Lansing, MI 48824, archives.msu.edu
Subjects:
Michigan State University -- Buildings -- Marshall Hall
Resource Identifier: A001019.jpg
Camille Petit, Permanent Representative of France to the Conference on Disarmament, addresses the Ninth Review Conference of the States Parties to the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on Their Destruction, Palais des Nations. UN photo by Violaine Martin
Bacteriology Laboratory (Marshall Hall)
Bacteriology Laboratory (Marshall Hall). On the front: "Bact. Lab. M.A.C.," "C.E.W."
Date Unknown
Repository Information:
Michigan State University Archives & Historical Collections, 101 Conrad Hall, East Lansing, MI 48824, archives.msu.edu
Subjects:
Michigan State University -- Buildings -- Marshall Hall
Resource Identifier: A001018.jpg
Postcard of the Bacteriology building (Marshall Hall). It is incorrectly identified as the Botany Building. On the front: "Botany Building M.A.C. Lansing, Mich."
Date Unknown
Repository Information:
Michigan State University Archives & Historical Collections, 101 Conrad Hall, East Lansing, MI 48824, archives.msu.edu
Resource Identifier: A001021.jpg
Ambassador Galib Israfilov, Permanent Representative of the Republic of Azerbaijan, addresses the Ninth Review Conference of the States Parties to the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on Their Destruction, Palais des Nations. UN photo by Violaine Martin
Bacteriology Laboratory (Marshall Hall). On the back: "Bacteriology Bldg," "East Lansing, Mich.," "M.A.C.," "16'/10 - 12:20," "9/6/13."
Date Unknown
Repository Information:
Michigan State University Archives & Historical Collections, 101 Conrad Hall, East Lansing, MI 48824, archives.msu.edu
Subjects:
Michigan State University -- Buildings -- Marshall Hall
Resource Identifier: A001017.jpg
Outi HYVÄRINEN, Counsellor, Director of Unit for Arms Control, Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland, addresses the Ninth Review Conference of the States Parties to the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on Their Destruction, Palais des Nations. UN photo by Violaine Martin
Izumi Nakamitsu, Under-Secretary-General and High Representative for Disarmament Affairs attends the Ninth Review Conference of the States Parties to the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on Their Destruction, Palais des Nations. UN photo by Violaine Martin
I have shot a largest number of barbers on the street , and just on one day in a year at Banganga for Pitru Paksh I shoot the maximum number of barbers ..the supply is less than the demand as the North Indian migrant comes here to have religious tonsure , offer prayers to his departed ancestors and the immersion of the puja articles in the holy tank of Banganga .
Most of the guys become barbers just for a day to make a fast buck.. and give a lot of cuts .. in price as well on the head and face,..
And I have shot religious tonsure at Holy Shrines Dargahs but Pitru Paksh is special..so many barbers and so many bald heads at one place on one given day..
About Barbers as per Wikipedia
A barber (from the Latin barba, "beard") is a person whose occupation is mainly to cut, dress, groom, style and shave males' hair. A barber's place of work is known as a "barber shop" or a "barber's". Barber shops are also places of social interaction and public discourse. In some instances, barbershops are also public forums. They are the locations of open debates, voicing public concerns, and engaging citizens in discussions about contemporary issues. They were also influential in helping shape male identity.
In previous times, barbers (known as barber surgeons) also performed surgery and dentistry. With the development of safety razors and the decreasing prevalence of beards, in American and Commonwealth cultures, most barbers specialize in cutting men's hair. Many barbers may still deal with facial hair if requested.
The barber's trade has a long history; razors have been found among relics of the Bronze Age (circa 3500 BC) in Egypt. In ancient Egyptian culture, barbers were highly respected individuals. Priests and men of medicine are the earliest recorded examples of barbers. In early tribes, a barber was one of the most important members, as it was believed that certain evil spirits were able to enter a person's body through their hair, and that cutting it was a way to drive them out. Due to their spiritual and religious beliefs, barbers even performed religious ceremonies, such as marriages and baptizing children. During these ceremonies, they would leave the person/people's hair hanging down until after dancing; they would then cut the hair and tie it back tightly so that no evil spirits could enter and no good spirits could escape.
Men in Ancient Greece would have their beards, hair, and fingernails trimmed and styled by the κουρεύς (cureus), in an agora, which also served as a social gathering for debates and gossip.
Barbering was introduced to Rome by the Greek colonies in Sicily in 296 B.C., and barber shops quickly became very popular centres for daily news and gossip. A morning visit to the tonsor became a part of the daily routine, as important as the visit to the public baths, and a young man's first shave (tonsura) was considered an essential part of his coming of age ceremony.
A few Roman tonsores became wealthy and influential, running shops that were favourite public locations of high society; however, most were simple tradesmen, who owned small storefronts or worked in the streets for low prices.
The barbershop in Fluvanna, Texas, has been restored as part of a pioneer village in Snyder in Scurry County in West Texas.
Interior of a barber's shop, circa 1920
Starting from the Middle Ages, barbers often served as surgeons and dentists. In addition to haircutting, hairdressing, and shaving, barbers performed surgery, bloodletting and leeching, fire cupping, enemas, and the extraction of teeth; earning them the name "barber surgeons". The barber pole, featuring red and white spiralling stripes, indicated the two crafts (surgery in red and barbering in white). Barbers received higher pay than surgeons until surgeons were entered into British war ships during naval wars. Some of the duties of the barber included neck manipulation, cleansing of ears and scalp, draining of boils, fistula and lancing of cysts with wicks.
18th century and later[edit]
Globe icon.
The examples and perspective in this section may not represent a worldwide view of the subject. Please improve this article and discuss the issue on the talk page. (April 2012)
[icon]This section requires expansion. (November 2012)
Barbershops were influential at the turn of the 18th century in helping to develop African American culture and economy. According to Trudier Harris, "In addition to its status as a gathering place, the black barbershop also functioned as a complicated and often contradictory microcosm of the larger world. It is an environment that can bolster egos and be supportive as well as a place where phony men can be destroyed, or at least highly shamed, from participation in verbal contests and other contests of skill. It is a retreat, a haven, an escape from nagging wives and the cares of the world. It is a place where men can be men. It is a place, in contrast to Gordone's bar, to be somebody." [1]
Late in the nineteenth century there were several noteworthy events in the barber profession that gave it an upward trend, and the effects are still carrying onward and upward.[2] In 1893, A. B. Moler of Chicago, established a school for barbers. This was the first institution of its kind in the world, and its success was apparent from its very start. It stood for higher education in the ranks, and the parent school was rapidly followed by branches in nearly every principal city of the United States. In the beginning of schools, simply the practical work of shaving, hair-cutting, facial treatments, etc., was taught as neither the public nor the profession were ready to accept scientific treatments of hair, skin and scalp. Not until about 1920 was much effort made to professionalize the work.
In the early 1900s an alternative word for barber, "chirotonsor", came into use.
The barber Sam Mature, whose interview with Studs Terkel was published in Terkel's 1974 book Working, says "A man used to get a haircut every couple weeks. Now he waits a month or two, some of ‘em even longer than that. A lot of people would get manicured and fixed up every week. Most of these people retired, moved away, or passed away. It’s all on account of long hair. You take old-timers, they wanted to look neat, to be presentable. Now people don't seem to care too much."
Despite the economic recession in 2008, the barber shop industry has seen continued positive growth. In the United States, the market is mainly concentrated in Texas, with a market size in excess of $100 million.[3]
Training to be a Barber is achieved through various means around the world. In the USA, Barber training is carried at "Barber Schools"—
Cost—Many states require a barber license in order to practice barbering professionally. The cost of barber school varies from state to state, and also from metro area to metro area. Schools in larger metropolitan areas tend to cost more than those located in more rural towns. Brand name can also affect the cost of barber school. Most barber schools cost between $6,500 and $10,000 to complete. Because each state has different minimums for training hours, the length and cost of the program can vary accordingly. Some schools tuition includes supplies and textbooks, whereas others do not. Barber license exam fees typically range from $50 to $150.[4]
Length—Most states require the same amount of training hours for barbers as they do for cosmetologists. The number of hours required ranges from 800 to 2,000 training hours, depending on the state's licensing requirements. Most programs can be completed in 15 months or fewer.[5]
Curriculum—The barber school curriculum consists of hair cutting, coloring and styling for men's hair and women's short hair. Chemical processes such as bleaching, dyeing, lightening and relaxing hair may also be taught. All cosmetology disciplines learn safety and sanitation best practices. Barber students can expect to learn some elements of anatomy, physiology, bacteriology and some small elements of pharmacology. It also teaches facial hair techniques, including traditional and modern shaves. Generally barber programs touch on scalp massage and treatments. Advanced barber training may include custom shave designs. It is more common in barbering schools than other cosmetology disciplines to get some business and ethics education, since entrepreneurship is especially common in the barbering trade with many professionals choosing to open their own barbershops. All the skills learned in barber school will be tested at the board exams, which typically feature a written and practical exam.[6]
The Representative of the Russian Federation addresses the Ninth Review Conference of the States Parties to the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on Their Destruction, Palais des Nations. UN photo by Violaine Martin
Ninth Review Conference of the States Parties to the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on Their Destruction, Palais des Nations. UN photo by Violaine Martin
JAPANESE NUCLEAR SCIENTISTS/ENGINEERS ARE WASTING VALUABLE RESEARCH OPPORTUNITIES TO STUDY THE RADIOACTIVE EFFECTS OF THE FUKUSHIMA DISASTER ON the SENTIENT LIFEFORMS IN THE GROUND ZERO RADIUS AREAS C.Phillip Miller, U.of Chicago, studied the "Bacteriological Aspects of Radiation Sickness-Investigation on the Effects of RADIATION on:the animal host=systematic determination of bacterial flora at all levels of the gut-effects of various antibiotics on intestinal flora;&susceptibility of irradiated animals to infection;Induction by irradiation of easily detectable mutants;determination whether virulence can be enhanced by irradiation--Robert Kehoe-U.ofChicago-Studies on Chronic Beryliosis--Tumor Production by Beryllium, & Analytical Methods-to Determine quantitative RELATION BETWEEN DUST INHALED & the LUNG CHANGES- Analytical methods include increased sensitivity to the spectrographic method, development of adequate chemical methods, & analysis of BERYLLIUM ORE DUSTS-The STUDIES ON TUMOR PRODUCTION WILL CENTER about a repetition of Gardner's work.
Postcard of Marshall Hall and Old Botany. Printed on the front: "Botany and Bacteriological Building M.A.C. East Lansing, Mich."
Date Unknown
Repository Information:
Michigan State University Archives & Historical Collections, 101 Conrad Hall, East Lansing, MI 48824, archives.msu.edu
Subjects:
Michigan State University -- Buildings
Resource Identifier: A000842.jpg
Colored postcard of the Botanical and Bacteriological Laboratories, 1904. On the front: "Botanical and Bacteriological Laboratories, Agricultural College, Lansing, Mich.," "Photo., only Copyright 1904 by the Rotograph Co.," and "I havent seen Agnes yet. Eva Margarite and I are going to Cin Lobe (?) to day." On the back: "Miss Ella Tusilni Hubbarstone Mich." "I am still in Lansing but I am going to Lanigsburg to-night I wish you were here as there is a carnival here this week I am having a dandy time. We went to Waverly Park Sunday and stayed all day." Also printed on the back is "The Rotograph Co. N.Y. City" "Printed in Germany."
1904
Repository Information:
Michigan State University Archives & Historical Collections, 101 Conrad Hall, East Lansing, MI 48824, archives.msu.edu
Subjects:
Michigan State University -- Buildings
Resource Identifier: A000851.jpg
Ninth Review Conference of the States Parties to the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on Their Destruction, Palais des Nations. UN photo by Violaine Martin
Creator: Davis, Watson 1896-1967
Subject: Heller, Hilda Hempl 1891-
Field Museum of Natural History
Type: Black-and-White Prints
Date: Aug-24
Topic: Women scientists
Bacteriology
Local number: SIA Acc. 90-105 [SIA-SIA2008-3770]
Summary: Bacteriologist Hilda Hempl Heller (b. 1891) worked at the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago. The photograph was taken by Watson Davis at a scientific meeting in Toronto, Canada, August 1924.
Cite as: Acc. 90-105 - Science Service, Records, 1920s-1970s, Smithsonian Institution Archives
Persistent URL:Link to data base record
Repository:Smithsonian Institution Archives
Staphylococcus chromogenes on Blood Agar? Not really, S. aureus, Plate count Agar, image editing software and a bored bacteriologist...
Cytological examination of a chicken spleen stained with the Modified Ziehl-Neelson stain. Acid-fast bacteria appear as pink rods against a dark blue background. This slide was prepared in 1968 and imaged in 2023 and there is limited metadata available for this specimen, including the species of acid-fast organisms present. The acid-fast rods are most likely Mycobacterium avium.
This is an image of a microscope slide that is part of a collection of teaching materials in the Department of Veterinary Microbiology at the University of Saskatchewan. These slides were prepared by a number of unattributed instructors from the 1960's through the early 2000's; this photo was taken by Joseph E. Rubin in early 2023.
Bacteriological report accompanying the file HOSP/STAN/07/01/02/2654, a patient at Stannington Sanatorium being treated for Tuberculosis of the left humerus after the introduction of antibiotics at the sanatorium. Read more about this file on the album description.
Date: 1952 -1954.
This image is part of our Stannington Sanatorium Flickr collection of albums of patient files, as part of our Stannington Sanatorium project. They are from our archive collections at Northumberland Archives. Feel free to share them within the spirit of the Commons. If you have any enquiries or would like copies please contact collections@woodhorn.org.uk for more information.
Robert Koch on a sleeping sickness expedition in East Africa, 1906
Credit:
www.rki.de/EN/Content/Institute/History/rk_node_en.html
Robert Koch (1843-1910) was a German physician and one of the founders of the field of bacteriology. He discovered the bacteria that cause anthrax (1876), tuberculosis (1882), and cholera (1883). He also developed "Koch's postulates", which are four criteria designed to assess whether a particular microorganism causes a disease. For his discoveries regarding tuberculosis, he received the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1905.
Built in 1902 as the Bacteriology Laboratory it later became Marshall Hall in honor of CE Marshall, the first head of the Department of Bacteriology and Farm Hygiene (Today the Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics).
In 2005 a renovation of the building was completed and the building was rededicated as part of the university's 150th anniversary. At this point it was renamed Marshall-Adams Hall. The name Adams was added to honor Walter Adams, a former MSU professor and university president.
El Instituto de Higiene de Santiago fue creado por Ley del 15 de septiembre de 1892, su primer Director fue el Dr. Federico Puga Borne, médico higienista. El higienismo es una corriente científica surgida en Europa a fines del siglo XVIII. Esta disciplina comenzó a desarrollarse en nuestro país a fines del siglo XIX, dada la necesidad de enfrentar las enfermedades provocadas por las malas condiciones sanitarias en que residían los sectores populares. A fines del siglo XIX Chile ostentaba el record mundial de mortalidad infantil, cada año la viruela, el cólera y la tuberculosis hacían estragos en los sectores más empobrecidos. Las enfermedades de transmisión sexual como la sífilis y la gonorrea también eran una fuente de mortandad en la población adulta. El edificio que albergó al Instituto de Higiene fue diseñado por el arquitecto Emilio Jaquier, el mismo diseñador de la Estación Mapocho y el Museo de Bellas Artes. Se instaló en el sector de La Chimba, en la ribera norte del río Mapocho, lugar que estaba rodeado de conventillos, constituyéndose en un símbolo de la lucha de la ciencia contra la enfermedad.
Es una construcción que consta de un volumen central de tres pisos y dos cuerpos laterales en dos niveles que avanzan sobre el plano. Se trata de una obra característica de la escuela neoclásica, muy representativa de la arquitectura del siglo XX. En su interior se instalaron equipos técnicos y al personal destinado a la desinfección de conventillos y ranchos, institución conocida como Desinfectorio Público. Se impulsó la creación de una insipiente red de laboratorios de química y bacteriología, además de oficinas de desinfección. Esta institución alcanzó niveles de liderazgo en América Latina en la vacunación antirrábica y la producción de suero antidiftérico. El Instituto de Higiene es un símbolo del cambio de actitud que adopta el Estado frente a los problemas de salud que afectaban a los sectores más desposeídos.
Los médicos de esta institución investigaron, vacunaron y promovieron la educación sanitaria a la población. El instituto fue cerrado el 31 de diciembre de 1924 por la Junta Militar que sucedió al gobierno de Arturo Alessandri. En reconocimiento a la importancia para la historia de la salud pública de nuestro país, este edificio fue declarado Monumento Nacional en la categoría de Monumento Histórico el 26 de octubre de 1984. En la actualidad, el inmueble alberga al Cuartel de la Policía de Investigaciones, luego de haber servido como sede de la Secretaría Regional Ministerial de Salud.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Santiago Hygiene Institute was created by law on September 15, 1892. Its first director was Dr. Federico Puga Borne, a hygienist. Hygienism is a scientific movement that emerged in Europe in the late 18th century. This discipline began to develop in our country in the late 19th century, given the need to confront diseases caused by the poor sanitary conditions of the working-class population. At the end of the 19th century, Chile held the world record for infant mortality; smallpox, cholera, and tuberculosis ravaged the poorest sectors of the population each year. Sexually transmitted diseases such as syphilis and gonorrhea were also a source of mortality among the adult population. The building that housed the Hygiene Institute was designed by architect Emilio Jaquier, the same designer of the Mapocho Station and the Museum of Fine Arts. It was established in the La Chimba sector, on the north bank of the Mapocho River, a place surrounded by tenements, becoming a symbol of science's fight against disease.
It is a building consisting of a three-story central volume and two lateral bodies on two levels that extend beyond the plan. It is a characteristic work of the Neoclassical school, highly representative of 20th-century architecture. Technical equipment and personnel were installed inside to disinfect tenements and shacks, an institution known as the Public Disinfector. It promoted the creation of a fledgling network of chemistry and bacteriology laboratories, as well as disinfection offices. This institution achieved leadership in Latin America in rabies vaccination and the production of diphtheria serum. The Hygiene Institute is a symbol of the change in attitude adopted by the State toward the health problems affecting the most disadvantaged sectors of the population.
The doctors at this institution conducted research, vaccinated, and promoted health education for the population. The institute was closed on December 31, 1924, by the Military Junta that succeeded Arturo Alessandri's government. In recognition of its importance to the history of public health in our country, this building was declared a National Monument in the Historical Monument category on October 26, 1984. Currently, the building houses the Investigative Police Headquarters, after having served as the headquarters of the Regional Ministry of Health.
On this slide rod shaped bacteria (Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae) can be seen on this smear of tissue from a porcine lung.
This is an image of a microscope slide that is part of a collection of teaching materials in the Department of Veterinary Microbiology at the University of Saskatchewan. These slides were prepared by a number of unattributed instructors from the 1960's through the early 2000's; this photo was taken by Joseph E. Rubin in early 2022.
BACTERIOLOGICAL LABORATORY -1905
Hood in the Bacteriological Laboratory equipped for media preparation. The scale model of the Experiment Station above the hood was exhibited al the World Columbian Exposition in 1892 in Chicago, Illinois. At the Exposition, a medal was awarded to the Lawrence Experiment Station and Massachusetts State Board of Health for significant contributions to sanitary science and engineering. The medal and model are still exhibited at the Experiment Station.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The "Between-Wars" Years—And Later
So, as we come to more recent days and find the new Lawrence Experiment Station preparing to take over for the old, a word needs to be said about the succeeding generations of the Station's staff. History, some ancient philosopher said, is but the biography of the people concerned. Our story would not be complete without the addition of the biographies of at least two other men.
All the years Hiram Mills was responsible for the direction of the researches of the Experiment Station he was boss — no one ever doubted that. But Mills was a man of many professional interests, an engineer in wide demand. Someone had to be manager of the Station's affairs and that responsibility fell to Harry W. dark, whom we have already honored.
In the year 1900, another young chemist had been graduated from M.I.T. and, like so many others, had come directly to the Station. The young chemist was George O. Adams. He went to work first in the bacteriological laboratory for the "B. coli" test was then just becoming established as a measure of purity of water. Everyone had pitched in to apply the new tests to the waters needing sampling.
So he had earned his bacteriological baptism. Then the young Adams was transferred to the chemistry laboratory as analyst and operator of experimental filters. By 1913 he had become Principal Assistant under Mr. Clark.
Among Mr. Adams' early contributions was his study of sewage and industrial waste mixtures which led to the recognition of the importance of the carbon/ nitrogen ratio. He was also in charge of the aeration experiments on sewage which were at least the precursors of the present day "activated sludge" processes.
When Mr. Clark retired in 1933 the Division of Water and Sewage Laboratories which included the Experiment Station became a part of the Division of Sanitary Engineering. This resulted in a better integration of the research program with the engineering activities. At that time Mr. Adams became Chief of Laboratory for the Station. He turned to studies of high-rate filtration and intensified work in treatment of industrial wastes. Following the disastrous flood of 1936, when many water mains were destroyed, he turned the catastrophe to good advantage in his historic investigation of the effect of pipe-packings on the bacterial content of water.After 41 years of outstanding contributions to the Experiment Station's explorations, George Adams died suddenly, still in full possession of all his powers of observation and investigation and deduction.
During the last 30 years of his administration of the Experiment Station's affairs Mr. Adams was assisted by Mr. Joseph A. McCarthy, and at Mr. Adams' death Mr. McCarthy was named Chief of Laboratory. Under his able direction the Station's augmented staff carries on an ever-widening program of sanitary research and service to the State. In addition to the burden of administration imposed by the continuously broadening program of the Station, Mr. McCarthy has contributed greatly to our knowledge of the bacteriology of shellfish sanitation, and to the problem of modern waste-disposal methods and the recovery of byproducts.
Like some of his predecessors, Mr. McCarthy is a member of the American Public Health Association Committee on Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Sewage, and of that Association's Committee on Laboratory Methods for Shellfish Examination. He also represents the Station as a subchairman of the committee on noxious wastes of the Federation of Sewage and Industrial Wastes Association, and is a Consultant on Shellfish and on Membrane Filters for the United States Public Health Service.
Limitations of space preclude the recording here of all the scientific honors and achievements of the director or the departmental heads of the present staff. A word picture of the going program of the Station "snapped," as it were, just as the older researches were being closed down in preparation for moving to the new quarters is perhaps a more revealing measure of the capabilities and the contributions of the scientists who man the station today.
Botany and Bacteriological Building
On the front: "Botany and Bacteriological Building M.A.C. East Lansing, Mich."
Date Unknown
Repository Information:
Michigan State University Archives & Historical Collections, 101 Conrad Hall, East Lansing, MI 48824, archives.msu.edu
Subjects:
Michigan State University -- Buildings
Resource Identifier: A000842.jpg
Appendix
Condensed Listing of Major Research Projects Undertaken at the Experiment Station
1886-1953
Since the Experiment Station has been established more than a thousand research studies have been undertaken, some of them continuing for many years. These studies have been principally in relation to water, sewage and industrial waste treatment together with basic bacteriological studies in regard to water, sewage and shellfish. The results of the research work have been published in the annual reports of the Department. The following list summarizes some of the major research projects that were undertaken by the Experiment Station during the past 67 years:
Septic Tanks
SHAPE — to determine the effectiveness of round versus rectangular septic tanks. DEPTH — to determine the optimum depth of septic tanks with various hydraulic loadings.
SLUDGE DEPTH—to determine the rate of accumulation of sludge and its effect upon the operation of septic tanks.
COMPARTMENTATION — the effectiveness of single versus multiple compartment septic tanks.
SEEDING — Effectiveness of adding yeast or other seeding materials to septic tanks.
BAFFLES — to determine the effectiveness of over and under baffles, around the end baffles and submerged inlet and outlet structures.
DETENTION TIME — TO determine the optimum size of septic tanks for various loadings.
pH CONTROL — Effects of maintaining pH values within specific ranges on quality of effluent.
CHEMICAL TREATMENT — to determine effectiveness of various chemicals for cleaning or in the operation of septic tanks.
TREATMENT OF EFFLUENT — Studies of methods of treatment of the effluent by means of subsurface sand and stone filters, aeration and chemical precipitation.
Use of Contact Filters
TIME OF CONTACT — to determine the optimum times of contact and resting.
PRETREATMENT — to determine the effectiveness of pretreatment in the operation of contact filters.
MEDIUM — to determine the optimum size and porosity of contact media; also, to determine the character of biological growth, unloading and clogging of filters.
STAGE OPERATION — to determine the effect of multiple stage operation on the character of the effluent.
Water Treatment
SLOW SAND FILTERS — to determine the efficiency of slow sand filters to remove bacteria, color, sediment and such chemicals as iron and manganese.
INTERMITTENT SAND FILTERS — to determine the relative efficiency of intermittent versus continuous operation of sand filters.
PRETREATMENT — Effect of plain sedimentation, chemical precipitation and various means of aeration on efficiency of sand filters to remove bacteria, color and chemical constituents,
ADDITION OF CHEMICALS TO SAND FILTERS — to determine the effectiveness of various coagulants, bactericides and zeolites to alter the character of water passing through sand filters.
STAGE OPERATION — to determine the effectiveness of two-stage filtration.
ROUGHING FILTERS — Effectiveness of coal, coke, ashes, cinders, marble dust and iron filings to remove bacteria and various chemical constituents.
DISINFECTION — Effectiveness of chlorine, chloramines) ultra-violet light and ultrasonic frequencies for disinfection of water supplies.
PRESSURE FILTERS — to determine the efficiency of pressure filters, with and without pretreatment, for the removal of bacteria and various chemical constituents.
ODOR CONTROL — efficiency of activated carbon and chlorine dioxide for the removal of tastes and odors.
ZEOLITES — to determine the efficiencies of various natural zeolites and synthetic resins for the removal of color, hardness, iron, and manganese.
STORAGE — to determine the effectiveness of storage to remove bacteria and color.
RAPID SAND FILTRATION — to determine the optimum rate of filtration for the removal of sediment, color and bacteria.
IRON AND MANGANESE REMOVAL — use of chlorine, chlorine dioxide, coke and sand filters for removal of iron and manganese; also, studies to determine the effectiveness of recycling a precipitated sludge to catalyze further manganese removal.
CORROSION CONTROL — use of marble chips, lime, soda ash, and hexametaphosfate to prevent corrosion of metal pipe.
Miscellaneous
IMHOFF TANKS — to determine the effectiveness of two- and three-level settling tanks.
AERATION — to determine the effectiveness of various methods such as spray nozzles, trickling filters, dash plates, mechanical stirrers, compressed air and photosynthesis to provide oxygen for various purposes.
FLOTATION — to determine effectiveness of various methods of providing air to float greases and suspended solids to the surface for removal as a sludge,
TOXICITY — to determine toxic levels as a guide to rates of recirculation or dilution for treatment of domestic, sewage and industrial wastes.
CARBONATION — to determine the efficiency of carbon dioxide and/or flue gas to neutralize various industrial wastes,
ACCLIMATION OF BACTERIA — Studies of the adaptability of bacteria to various toxic media such as phenols, formaldehydes and other toxic chemicals.
B.O.D, DETERMINATIONS — Studies of methods to determine the B.O.D. of toxic wastes.
DISSOLVED OXYGEN — Study of polarographic methods of determining dissolved oxygen.
B.O.D. REACTION COEFFICIENTS — a study of polarographic methods of determining residual and the dissolved oxygen content in a single B.O.D. sample after various periods of incubation.
PERCOLATION — studies of rates of percolation of settled sewage in soils of various characters.
SEDIMENTATION — to determine rates of sedimentation of particles of various sizes.
larger colonies are Bacillus, smaller and whiter ones are Staphylococcus. John's hand on top, My hand on the bottom
Laboratory of Chemical and bacteriological reconnaissance produced in 1918. This loud name hides a modest louse-slaughter - but it played a huge role in preserving the combat readiness of the Red Army during the Civil War 1918-1922.
Then the typhus epidemic produced a huge devastation and typhus louse has killed three times more people than the enemy's bullets and shells
Лаборатория химической и бактериологической разведки, изготовленная в 1918 г. За этим громким названием скрывается обыкновенная вошебойка. Но во время Гражданской войны 1918-1922 гг. она играла огромную роль в сохранении боеспособности Красной Армии.
Тогда эпидемия тифа производила огромное опустошение и тифозная вошь убила в три раза больше людей чем вражеские пули и снаряды
Laboratory of Chemical and bacteriological reconnaissance produced in 1918. This loud name hides a modest louse-slaughter - but it played a huge role in preserving the combat readiness of the Red Army during the Civil War 1918-1922.
Then the typhus epidemic produced a huge devastation and typhus louse has killed three times more people than the enemy's bullets and shells
Лаборатория химической и бактериологической разведки, изготовленная в 1918 г. За этим громким названием скрывается обыкновенная вошебойка. Но во время Гражданской войны 1918-1922 гг. она играла огромную роль в сохранении боеспособности Красной Армии.
Тогда эпидемия тифа производила огромное опустошение и тифозная вошь убила в три раза больше людей чем вражеские пули и снаряды