bacteriologic photos on Flickr

Bacteriology is regularly performed on most samples that are received at the lab. A positive test can indicate a systemic infection. Mortality events or diseases may be an indication of an environmental health problem, and the Fish and Wildlife Health Group at FWRI investigates and documents mortality and disease events around the state.

Bacteriological Institute - Hong Kong - 1906 by DBHKer

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Caine Ln, Tai Ping Shan.

In 1894, the teeming and overcrowded Chinese quarter of Tai Ping Shan created the perfect environment for the rat-borne bubonic plague. Amongst the overcrowded, unsanitary homes with no fresh water, the plague took hold over the rodent population and from there was transferred by fleas to humans. The Bubonic Plague claimed the lives of some 3,500 people in Hong Kong and forced the colonial authorities to belatedly address the issue of crowding, sanitation and disease research.

The tireless efforts of Scotsman Dr William Hunter as Bacteriologist to the Government of Hong Kong resulted in the construction of this handsome, Edwardian, red-brick building; it was purpose-built as a medical laboratory on land resumed from part of the cleared area of the site of the plague outbreak at Tai Ping Shan. It was designed by the local firm of architects Messrs Leigh & Orange and it contained four large laboratories, a library, waiting room, offices, photographic studio, incubating room, refrigeration room and a heating chamber. Fireplaces were imported from Britain and the floors were laid with Minton tiles. Nearby buildings housed servants' quarters and a two-storied animal stable (for those hapless animals necessarily used in scientific experiments). It was opened by the recently-arrived Governor Sir Matthew Nathan It was later re-named the Pathological Institute after WWII.

Inside, it remains a wonderful time-warp; heavy teak floors and balustraded staircases, period sinks, fireplaces (very rare in HK!) taps and other fixtures and fittings. It is now restored as the Hong Kong Museum of Medical Sciences - well worth a visit for a glimpse of an old Hong Kong.

20190730-Bacteriology practical by Damien Walmsley

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Prof Mcnally showing students the results of the bacterial they had grown.

Dr. Adah Elizabeth Verder mouth pipetting by NIH Image Gallery

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Trained in the bacteriological methods of the time (1938), Verder studied gastrointestinal flora and staphylococci and trained NIH staff in bacteriological methods. In 1962, she became chief of the Bacteriology and Mycology Branch of the NIAID Extramural program. She retired in 1970.

Credit: National Institutes of Health

Sensitivity testing Pasteurella multocida - Iso-Sensitest Agar with Horse Blood and NAD by Nathan Reading

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P1 = 1 I.U. Penicillin

NA 30 = 30ug Nalidixic Acid

TE10 = 10ug Tetracycline

Pasteurella multocida on Columbia Horse Blood Agar - Detail by Nathan Reading

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Isolated from an infected cat bite to a human hand

Bacteriological Weapon by Dorli Photography

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Download wallpaper of this photo for iPhone / iPad

Dorli Photography Website

Dorli Photography on Facebook

This image is taken from Page 146 of A text-book of bacteriology [electronic resource] : including the etiology and prevention of infective diseases and a short account of yeasts and moulds, haematozoa, and psorosperms by Medical Heritage Library, Inc.

Go to Page 146 in the Internet Archive

Title: A text-book of bacteriology [electronic resource] : including the etiology and prevention of infective diseases and a short account of yeasts and moulds, haematozoa, and psorosperms

Creator: Crookshank, Edgar M. (Edgar March), 1858-1928

Creator: Lister, Joseph, Baron, 1827-1912 dedicatee

Creator: Crawfurd, Raymond Henry Payne, Sir, 1865-1938 former owner

Creator: Crookshank, Edgar M. (Edgar March), 1858-1928 former owner

Creator: Creed, Edward Ffolliott, 1893-1947 former owner

Creator: King's College London

Publisher: London : H. K. Lewis

Sponsor: Jisc and Wellcome Library

Contributor: King's College London, Foyle Special Collections Library

Date: 1896

Language: eng

Description: With half-title page

Spine title: Bacteriology and infective diseases

Final leaf: publisher's advertisements

Dedication page to Joseph Lister

Includes index

First published in 1886

This material has been provided by King’s College London. The original may be consulted at King’s College London

King’s College London

If you have questions concerning reproductions, please contact the Contributing Library.

Note: The colors, contrast and appearance of these illustrations are unlikely to be true to life. They are derived from scanned images that have been enhanced for machine interpretation and have been altered from their originals.

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BWC 2022 by UN Geneva

Ninth Review Conference of the States Parties to the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on Their Destruction, Palais des Nations. UN photo by Violaine Martin

This image is taken from United States Naval Medical Bulletin Vol. 8, Nos. 1-4, 1914 by Medical Heritage Library, Inc.

Go to the Book with image in the Internet Archive

Title: United States Naval Medical Bulletin Vol. 8, Nos. 1-4, 1914

Creator: U.S. Navy. Bureau of Medicine and Surgery

Publisher:

Sponsor:

Contributor:

Date: 1914

Language: eng

Table of Contents

Number 1

Preface v

Special articles:

The application of psychiatry to certain military problems, by W. A.

White, M. D 1

Schistosomiasis on the Yangtze River, with report of cases, by R. H.

Laning, assistant surgeon, United States Navy 16

A brief discussion of matters pertaining to health and sanitation,

observed on the summer practice cruise of 1913 for midshipmen of the third

class, by J. L. Neilson, surgeon, United States Navy 36

Technique of neosalvarsan administration, and a brief outline of the

treatment for syphilis used at the United States Naval Hospital, Norfolk, Va., by

W. Chambers, passed assistant surgeon, United States Navy 45

Some notes on the disposal of wastes, by A. Farenholt, surgeon, United States

Navy 47

The medical department on expeditionary duty, by R. E. Hoyt, surgeon, United

States Navy 51

A new brigade medical outfit, by T. W. Richards, surgeon, United States

Navy 62

Early diagnosis of cerebrospinal meningitis; report of 10 cases, by G.

F. Cottle, passed assistant surgeon, United States Navy 65

Comments on mistakes made with the Nomenclature, 1913, Abstract of patients

(Form F), and the Statistical report (Form K), by C. E. Alexander, pharmacist,

United States Navy 70

Classification of the United States Navy Nomenclature, 1913, by C. E. Alexander,

pharmacist, United States Navy 75

On the methods employed for the detection and determination of

disturbances in the sense of equilibrium of flyers. Translated by H. G. Beyer,

medical director, United States Navy, retired 87

United States Naval Medical School laboratories:

Additions to the pathological collection 107

Additions to the helminthological collection 107

Suggested devices:

A portable air sampling apparatus for use aboard ship, by E. W. Brown, passed

assistant surgeon, United States Navy 109

A new design for a sanitary pail 111

Clinical notes:

A case of paresis, with apparent remission, following neosalvarsan, by R.

F. Sheehan, passed assistant surgeon, United States Navy 113

Case reports from Guam, by E. O. J. Eytinge, passed assistant surgeon, United

States Navy 116

Stab wound of ascending colon; suture; recovery, by H. C. Curl,

surgeon, United States Navy 123

Perforation of a duodenal ulcer, by H. F. Strine, surgeon, United

States Navy 124

Two cases of bone surgery, by R. Spear, surgeon, United States Navy 125

Editorial comment:

Brig. Gen. George II. Torney, Surgeon General United States Army 127

Medical ethics in the Navy 127

Medical officers in civil practice 128

Progress in medical sciences:

General medicine. —Some anatomic and physiologic principles concerning

pyloric ulcer. By H. C. Curl. Low-priced clinical thermometers; a warning. By.

L. W. Johnson. The value of X-ray examinations in the

diagnosis of ulcer of the stomach and duodenum. The primary cause of

rheumatoid arthritis. Strychnine in heart failure. On the treatment of

leukaemia with benzol. By A. W. Dunbar and G. B. Crow 131

Surgery. — Surgical aspects of furuncles and carbuncles. Iodine

idiosyncrasy. By L. W. Johnson. Rectus transplantation for deficiency of

internal oblique muscle in certain cases of inguinal hernia. The technic of

nephro- pyelo- and ureterolithotomy. Recurrence of inguinal hernia. By H. C.

Curl and R. A. Warner 138

Hygiene and sanitation. —Ozone: Its bactericidal, physiologic and

deodorizing action. The alleged purification of air by the ozone machine. By E.

W. Brown. The prevention of dental caries. Gun-running operations in the

Persian Gulf in 1909 and 1910. The croton bug (Ectobia germanica) as a factor

in bacterial dissemination. Fumigation of vessels for the destruction of rats.

Improved moist chamber for mosquito breeding. The necessity for international

reforms in the sanitation of crew spaces on

merchant vessels. By C. N. Fiske and R. C. Ransdell 143

Tropical medicine. —The transmissibility of the lepra bacillus by the

bite of the bedbug. By L. W. Johnson. A note on a case of loa loa. Cases of

syphilitic pyrexia simulating tropical fevers. Verruga peruviana, oroya fever

and uta. Ankylostomiasis in Nyasaland. Experimental entamoebic dysentery. By E.

R. Stitt ... 148

Pathology, bacteriology, and animal parasitology. —The relation of the spleen

to the blood destruction and regeneration and to hemolytic jaundice: 6, The

blood picture at various periods after splenectomy. The presence of tubercle

bacilli in the feces. By A. B. Clifford and G. F. Clark 157

Chemistry and pharmacy. —Detection of bile pigments in urine. Value of the

guaiacum test for bloodstains. New reagent for the detection of traces of

blood. Estimation of urea. Estimation of uric acid in urine. By E. W. Brown and

O. G. Ruge 158

Eye, ear, nose, and throat. —Probable deleterious effect of salvarsan

on the eye. Effect of salvarsan on the eye. Fate of patients with

parenchymatous keratitis due to hereditary lues. Trachoma, prevalence of, in

the United States. The exploratory needle puncture of the maxillary antrum in

100 tuberculous individuals. Auterobic organisms associated with acute

rhinitis. Toxicity of human tonsils. By E. J. Grow and G. B. Trible 160

Miscellaneous. —Yearbook of the medical association of

Frankfurt-am-Main. By R. C. Ransdell 163

Reports and letters:

Notes on the Clinical Congress of Surgeons. By G. F. Cottle, passed

assistant surgeon, United States Navy 167

Number 2

Preface v

Special articles:

Report of the fourteenth annual meeting of the American Roentgen Ray Society,

by J. R. Phelps, passed assistant surgeon, United States Navy. 171

Typhoid perforation; five operations with three recoveries, by G. G.

Holladay, assistant surgeon, Medic al Reserve Corps, United States Navy 238

A satisfactory method for easily obtaining material from syphilitic

lesions, by E. R. Stitt, medical inspector, United States Navy 242

An epidemic of measles and mumps in Guam, by C. P. Kindleberger, surgeon,

United States Navy 243

The feeble-minded from a military standpoint, by A. R. Schier, acting assistant

surgeon, United States Navy 247

The Towne-Lambert elimination treatment of drug addictions, by W. M. Kerr,

passed assistant surgeon, United States Navy 258

Medical experiences in the Amazonian Tropics, by C. C. Ammerman, assistant

surgeon, Medical Reserve Corps, United States Navy 270

United States Naval Medical School laboratories:

Additions to the pathological collection 281

Additions to the helminthologieal collection 281

Suggested devices:

An easy method for obtaining blood cultures and for preparing blood

agar, by E. R. Stitt, medical inspector, and G. F. Clark, passed assistant surgeon,

United States Navy 283

Humidity regulating device on a modern battleship, by R. C. Ransdell, passed

assistant surgeon, United States Navy 284

Clinical notes:

Lateral sinus thrombosis, report of case, by G. F. Cottle, passed

assistant surgeon. United States Navy 287

Twenty-two cases of poisoning by the seeds of Jatropha curcai, by J. A.

Randall, passed assistant surgeon, United States Navy 290

Shellac bolus in the stomach in fatal case of poisoning by weed

alcohol, by H. F. Hull and O. J. Mink, passed assistant surgeons, United States

Navy 291

A case of pneumonia complicated by gangrenous endocarditis, by G. B. Crow,

passed assistant surgeon, United States Navy 292

Progress in medical sciences:

General medicine. —On progressive paralysis in the imperial navy during

the years 1901-1911. By H. G. Beyer. An etiological study of Hodgkin's disease.

The etiology and vaccine treatment of Hodgkin's dis

ease. Coryncbacterium hodgkini in lymphatic leukemia and Hodgkin's disease.

Autointoxication and subinfection. Studies of syphilis. The treatment of the

pneumonias. Whooping cough: Etiolcgy, diagnosis, and vaccine treatment. A new

and logical treatment for alcoholism. Intraspinous injection of salvarsanized

serum in the treatment of syphilis of the nervous system, including tabes and

paresis. On the infective nature of certain cases of splenomegaly and Banti's

disease. The etiology and vaccine treatment of Hodgkin's disease. Cultural

results in Hodgkin's disease. By A. W. Dunbar and G. B. Crow 295

Surgery- Interesting cases of gunshot injury treated at Hankow during

the revolution of 1911 and 1912 in China. The fool's paradise stage in

appendicitis. By L. W. Johnson. The present status of bismuth paste treatment

of suppurative sinuses and empyema. The inguinal route operation for femoral

hernia; with supplementary note on Cooper's ligament. By R. Spear and R. A.

Warner 307

Hygiene and sanitation. — A contribution to the chemistry of

ventilation. The use of ozone in ventilation. By E. \V. Brown. Pulmonary

tuberculosis in the royal navy, with special reference to its detection and

prevention. An investigation into the keeping properties of condensed milks at

the temperature of tropical climates. By C. N. Fiske and R. C. Ransdell 313

Tropical medicine. —Seven days fever of the Indian ports. By L. W.

Johnson. Intestinal schistosomiasis in the Sudan. Disease carriers in our army

in India. Origin and present status of the emetin treatment of amebic

dysentery. The culture of leishmania from the finger blood of a case of Indian

kala-azar. By E. R. Stitt 315

Pathology, bacteriology, and animal parasitology. —The isolation of

typhoid bacilli from feces by means of brilliant green in fluid medium. By C.

N. Fiske. An efficient and convenient stain for use in the eeneral examination

of blood films. By 0. B. Crow. A contribution to the epidemiology of

poliomyelitis. A contribution to the pathology of epidemic poliomyelitis. A

note on the etiology of epidemic

oliomyelitis. Transmutations within the streptococcus-pneumococcus

group. The etiology of acute rheumatism, articular and muscular. By A. B.

Clifford and G. F. Clark 320

Chemistry and pharmacy.— Centrifugal method for estimating albumin in

urine. Detection of albumin in urine. New indican reaction A report on the

chemistry, technology, and pharmacology of and the legislation pertaining to

methyl alcohol. By E. W. Brown and O. O. Ruge. . 325

Eye, ear, nose, and throat. —The use of local anesthesia in

exenteration of the orbit. Salvarsan in

ophthalmic practice. The effect of salvarsan on the eye. Total blindness

from the toxic action of wood alcohol, with recovery of vision under negative

galvanism. Furunculosis of the external auditory canal; the use of alcohol as a

valuable aid in treatment. Local treatment of Vincent's angina with salvarsan.

Perforated ear drum may be responsible for sudden death in water. The indications

for operating in acute mastoiditis. Turbinotomy. Why is nasal catarrh so

prevalent in the United States? By E. J. Grow and G. B. Trible 330

Miscellaneous. — The organization and work of the hospital ship Re d’

Italia. ByG. B. Trible 333

Reports and letters:

Correspondence concerning the article "Some aspects of the

prophylaxis of typhoid fever by injection of killed cultures," by Surg. C.

S. Butler, United States Navy, which appeared in the Bulletin, October, 1913

339

Malaria on the U. S. S. Tacoma from February, 1913, to February, 1914.

by I. S. K. Reeves, passed assistant surgeon, United States Navy 344

Extracts from annual sanitary reports for 1913 345

Number 3

Preface vii

Special articles:

Economy and waste in naval hospitals, by E. M. Shipp, surgeon, and P.

J. Waldner, chief pharmacist, United States Navy 357

The new method of physical training in the United States Navy, by J. A.

Murphy, surgeon, United States Navy 368

A study of the etiology of gangosa in Guam, by C. P. Kindleberger,

surgeon, United States Navy 381

Unreliability of Wassermann tests using unheated serum, by E. R. Stitt,

medical inspector, and G. F. Clark, passed assistant surgeon, United States

Navy 410

Laboratory note on antigens, by G. F. Clark, pasted assistant surgeon,

United States Navy 411

Prevention of mouth infection, by Joseph Head, M. D., D. D. S 411

The Medical Department at general quarters and preparations for battle,

by A. Farenholt, surgeon, United States Navy 421

A bacteriological index for dirt in milk, by J. J. Kinyoun, assistant

surgeon, Medical Reserve Corps, United States Navy 435

Brief description of proposed plan of a fleet hospital ship, based upon

the type auxiliary hull, by E. M. Blackwell, surgeon, United States Navy.. 442

The diagnostic value of the cutaneous tuberculin test in recruiting, by

E. M. Brown, passed assistant surgeon, United States Navy, retired 448

United States Naval Medical School laboratories:

Additions to the pathological collection 453

Suggested devices:

A sanitary mess table for hospitals, by F. M. Bogan, surgeon, United

States Navy 455

A suggested improvement of the Navy scuttle butt, by E. M. Blackwell,

surgeon, United States Navy 455

Clinical notes:

Malaria cured by neosalvarsan, by F. M. Bogan, surgeon, United States

Navy 457

A case of rupture of the bladder with fracture of the pelvis, by H. F.

Strine, surgeon, and M. E. Higgins, passed assistant surgeon, United States

Navy. 458

Clinical observations on the use of succinimid of mercury, by T. W.

Reed, passed assistant surgeon, United States Navy 459

Points in the post-mortem ligation of the lingual artery, by O. J.

Mink, passed assistant surgeon, United States Navy 462

Notes on the wounded at Vera Cruz, by H. F. Strine, surgeon, and M. E.

Higgins, passed assistant surgeon. United States Navy 464

Case reports from the Naval Hospital, Portsmouth, N. H., by F. M.

Bogan, surgeon, United States Navy 469

Progress in medical sciences:

General medicine. —The mouth in the etiology and symptomatology of

general systemic disturbances. Statistique m£dicale de la marine, 1909. By L.

W. Johnson. Antityphoid inoculation. Vaccines from the standpoint of the

physician. The treatment of sciatica. Chronic gastric ulcer and its relation to

gastric carcinoma. The nonprotein nitrogenous constituents of the blood in

chronic vascular nephritis

(arteriosclero-iis) as influenced by the level of protein metabolism.

The influence of diet on hepatic necrosis and toxicity of chloroform. The

rational treatment of tetanus. The comparative value of cardiac remedies. By A.

W. Dunbar and G. B. Crow

Psychiatry. —Abderhalden's method. Precis de psychiatric Constitutional

immorality. Nine years' experience with manic-depressive insanity. The pupil

and its reflexes in insanity. By R. F. Sheehan.

Surgery. —On the occurrence of traumatic dislocations (luxationen) in

the Imperial German Navy during the last 20 years. By H. G. Beyer. The wounding

effects of the Turkish sharp-pointed bullet. By T. W. Richards. Intestinal

obstruction: formation and absorption of toxin. By G. B. Crow

Hygiene and sanitation. —Relation of oysters to the transmission of

infectious diseases. The proper diet in the Tropics, with some pertinent remarks

on the use of alcohol. By E. W. Brown. Report of committee

upon period of isolation and exclusion from school in cases of

communicable disease. Resultats d'une enquete relative a la morbidity venerienne

dans la division navale d'Extreme-Orient et aux moyens susceptibles de la

restreindre. Ship's hygiene in the middle of the seventeenth century- Progress in

ship's hygiene during the nineteenth century. The origin of some of the

streptococci found in milk. On the further perfecting of mosquito spraying. By

C. N. Fiske and R. C. Ransdell

Tropical medicine. — Le transport, colloidal de medicaments dans le cholera.

By T. W. Richards. Cholera in the Turkish Army. A supposed case of yellow fever

in Jamaica. By L. W. Johnson. Note on a new geographic locality for balantidiosis.

Brief note on Toxoplasma pyroqenes. Note on certain protozoalike bodies in a

case of protracted fever with splenomegaly. The emetine and other treatment of

amebic dysentery and hepatitis, including liver abscess. A study of epidemic dysentery

in the Fiji Islands. By E. R. Stitt

Pathology, bacteriology, and animal parasitology. — The best method of staining

Treponema pallidum. By C. N. Fiske. Bacteriological methods of meat analysis.

By R. C. Ransdell. Primary tissue lesions in the heart produced by Spirochete

pallida. Ten tests by which a physician may determine when p patient is cured

of gonorrhea. Diagnostic value of percutaneous tuberculin test (Moro). Some

causes of failure of vaccine therapy. A method of increasing the accuracy and

delicacy of the Wassermann reaction: By A. B. Clifford and G. F. Clark

Chemistry and pharmacy. —Quantitative test of pancreatic function. A comparison

of various preservatives of urine. A clinical method for the rapid estimation

of the quantity of dextrose in urine. By E. W. Brown and O. G. Ruge

Eye, ear, nose, and throat. —Intraocular pressure. Strauma as an

important factor in diseases of the eye. Carbonic cauterization "in the

treatment of granular ophthalmia. Ocular and other complications of syphilis treated

by salvarsan. Some notes on hay fever. A radiographic study of the mastoid. Ear

complications during typhoid fever. Su di un caso di piccola sanguisuga

cavallina nel bronco destro e su 7 casi di grosse sanguisughe cavalline in

laringe in trachea e rino-faringe. By E. J. Grow and G. B. Trible

Reports and letters:

American medico-psychological association, by R. F. Sheehan, passed assistant

surgeon, United States Navy 517

Report of 11 cases of asphyxiation from coal gas, by L. C. Whiteside,

passed assistant surgeon, United States Navy 522

Extracts from annual sanitary reports for 1913 — United States Naval

Academy, Annapolis, Md., by A. M. D. McCormick, medical director, United States

Navy 523

U. S. S. Arkansas, by W. B. Grove, surgeon, United States Navy 524

Marine barracks, Camp Elliott, Canal Zone, Panama, by B. H. Dorsey, passed

assistant surgeon, United States Navy 525

U. S. S. Cincinnati, by J. B. Mears, passed assistant surgeon. United States

Navy 526

U. S. S. Florida, by M. S. Elliott, surgeon, United States Navy 527

Naval training station, Great Lakes, Ill., by J. S. Taylor, surgeon, United

States Navy 527

Naval station, Guam, by C. P. Kindleberger, surgeon, United States Navy

528

Naval Hospital, Las Animas, Colo., by G. H. Barber, medical inspector, United

States Navy 532

U. S. S. Nebraska, by E. H. H. Old, passed assistant surgeon, United States

Navy 533

U. S. S. North Dakota, by J. C. Pryor, surgeon, United States Navy. .

534

Navy yard, Olongapo, P. L, by J. S. Woodward, passed assistant surgeon,

United States Navy 536

U. S. S. San Francisco, by T. W. Reed, passed assistant surgeon, United

States Navy 537

U. S. S. Saratoga, by H. R. Hermesch, assistant surgeon, United States Navy

538

U. S. S. Scorpion, by E. P. Huff, passed assistant surgeon, United States

Navy 538

U. S. S. West Virginia, by O. J. Mink, passed assistant surgeon, United

States Navy 539

Number 4

Preface V

Special articles:

Some prevailing ideas regarding the treatment of tuberculosis, by

Passed Asst. Surg. G. B. Crow 541

The Training School for the Hospital Corps of the Navy, by Surg. F. E. McCullough

and Passed Asst. Surg. J. B. Kaufman 555

Khaki dye for white uniforms, by Passed Asst. Surg. W. E. Eaton 561

Some facts and some fancies regarding the unity of yaws and syphilis,

by Surg. C. S. Butler 561

Quinine prophylaxis of malaria, by Passed Asst. Surg. L. W. McGuire 571

The nervous system and naval warfare, translated by Surg. T. W.

Richards. 576

Measles, by Surg. G. F. Freeman 586

Smallpox and vaccination, by Passed Asst. Surg. T. W. Raison 589

Rabies; methods of diagnosis and immunization, by Passed Asst. Surg. F.

X. Koltes 597

Syphilis aboard ship, by Passed Asst. Surg. G. F. Cottle 605

Systematic recording and treatment of syphilis, by Surg. A. M.

Fauntleroy and Passed Asst. Surg. E. H. H. Old 620

Organization and station bills of the U. S. naval hospital ship Solace,

by Surg. W. M. Garton 624

United States Naval Medical School laboratories:

Additions to the pathological collection 647

Additions to the helminthological collection 647

Clinical notes:

Succinimid of mercury in pyorrhea alveolaris, by Acting Asst. Dental Surg.

P. G. White 649

A case of pityriasis rosea, by Surg. R. E. Ledbetter 651

Emetin in the treatment of amebic abscess of the liver, by Surg. H. F. Strine

and Passed Asst. Surg. L. Sheldon, jr 653

Salvarsan in a case of amebic dysentery, by Passed Asst. Surg. O. J.

Mink. . 653

Laceration of the subclavian artery and complete severing of brachial plexus,

by Surg. H. C. Curl and Passed Asst. Surg. C. B. Camerer 654

Malarial infection complicating splenectomy, by Surg. H. F. Strine 655

A case of gastric hemorrhage; operative interference impossible, by

Passed Arst. Surg. G. E. Robertson 656

Operation for strangulated hernia, by Passed Asst. Surg. W. S. Pugh 657

A case of bronchiectasis with hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy,

by Passed Asst. Surg. L. C. Whiteside 658

Editorial comment:

Systematic recording and treatment of syphilis 665

Progress in medical sciences:

General medicine. —A note of three cases of enteric fever inoculated

during the incubation period. By T. W. Richards. The modern treatment of

chancroids. The treatment of burns. By W. E. Eaton. Experiments on the curative

value of the intraspinal administration of tetanus antitoxin. Hexamethylenamin.

Hexamethylenamin as an internal

antiseptic in other fluids of the body than urine. Lumbar puncture as a special

procedure for controlling headache in the course of infectious diseases.

Cardiospasm. Acromion auscultation; a new and delicate test in the early

diagnosis of incipient pulmonary tuberculosis.

Diabetes mellitus and its differentiation from alimentary glycosuria.

The complement fixation test in typhoid fever; its comparison with the

agglutination test and blood culture method. By C. B. Crow.. 671

Mental and nervous diseases. —A voice sign in chorea. By G. B. Crow.

Wassermann reaction and its application to neurology. Epilepsy: a theory of

causation founded upon the clinical manifestations and the therapeutic and

pathological data. Salvarsanized serum (Swift-Ellis treatment) in syphilitic diseases

of the central nervous system. Mental manifestations in tumors of the brain.

Some of the broader issues of the psycho-analytic n movement. Mental disease

and defect in United States troops. By R. Sheehan 6S1

Surgery. — Infiltration anesthesia. War surgery. Tenoplasty; tendon transplantation;

tendon substitution; neuroplasty. Carcinoma of the male breast. Visceral

pleureotomy for chronic empyema. By A. M. Fauntleroy and E. H. H. Old 6S8

Hygiene and sanitation. — Further experiences with the Berkefold filter

in the purifying of lead-contaminated water. By T. W. Richards. Experiments in

the destruction of fly larvae in horse manure. By A. B. Clifford. Investigation

relative to the life cycle, brooding, and tome practical moans of reducing the

multiplication of flies in camp. By W. E. Eaton, Humidity and heat stroke;

further observations on an analysis of

50 cases. By C. N. Fiske 693

Tropical medicine. — The treatment of aneylostoma anemia. Latent dysentery

or dysentery carriers. Naphthalone for the destruction of mosquitoes. Emetin in

amebic dysentery. By E. R. Stitt 704

Pathology, bacteriology, and animal parasitology. —Meningitis by

injection of pyogenic microbes in the peripheral nerves. The growth of pathogenic

intestinal bacteria in bread. Present status of the complement fixation test in

the diagnosis of gonorrheal infections. Practical application of the luetin

test. By A. B. Clifford and G. F. Clark 707

Eye, ear, nose, and throat. — Misting of eyeglasses. By E. L. Sleeth.

The treatment of ocular syphilis by salvarsan and neo salvarsan. The moving

picture and the eye. Treatment of various forms of ocular syphilis with

salvarsan. Rapid, painless, and bloodless method for removing the inferior

turbinate. Hemorrhage from the superior petrosal sinus. The frequency of

laryngeal tuberculosis in Massachusetts.

Intrinsic cancer of larynx. Treatment of hematoma of the auricle. By E.

J. Grow and G. B. Trible 709

Reports and letters:

Care of wounded at Mazatlan and at Villa Union, by Medical Inspector S.

G. Evans 713

Medico-military reports of the occupation of Vera Cruz 715

If you have questions concerning reproductions, please contact the Contributing Library.

Note: The colors, contrast and appearance of these illustrations are unlikely to be true to life. They are derived from scanned images that have been enhanced for machine interpretation and have been altered from their originals.

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Nepal - Lumbini - Village Life - Barber Saloon - 15 by Manfred Sommer

A barber (from the Latin barba, "beard") is a person whose occupation is mainly to cut, dress, groom, style and shave men's and boys' hair. A barber's place of work is known as a "barber shop" or a "barber's". Barber shops are also places of social interaction and public discourse. In some instances, barbershops are also public forums. They are the locations of open debates, voicing public concerns, and engaging citizens in discussions about contemporary issues. They were also influential in helping shape male identity.

In previous times, barbers (known as barber surgeons) also performed surgery and dentistry. With the development of safety razors and the decreasing prevalence of beards, in English-speaking cultures, most barbers now specialize in cutting men's scalp hair as opposed to facial hair.

TERMINOLOGY

In modern times, the term "barber" is used both as a professional title and to refer to hairdressers who specialize in men's hair. Historically, all hairdressers were considered barbers. In the 20th century, the profession of cosmetology branched off from barbering, and today hairdressers may be licensed as either barbers or cosmetologists. Barbers differ with respect to where they work, which services they are licensed to provide, and what name they use to refer to themselves. Part of this terminology difference depends on the regulations in a given location.

Different states in the US vary on their labor and licensing laws. For example, in Maryland, a cosmetologist cannot use a straight razor, strictly reserved for barbers. In contrast, in New Jersey both are regulated by the State Board of Cosmetology and there is no longer a legal difference in barbers and cosmetologists, as they are issued the same license and can practice both the art of straight razor shaving, colouring, other chemical work and haircutting if they choose.

In Australia, the official term for a barber is hairdresser; barber is only a popular title for men's hairdressers, although not as popular now as it was in the middle of the 20th century. Most would work in a hairdressing salon.

HISTORY

The barber's trade has a long history: razors have been found among relics of the Bronze Age (around 3500 BC) in Egypt. In ancient Egyptian culture, barbers were highly respected individuals. Priests and men of medicine are the earliest recorded examples of barbers. In some early tribes, a barber was one of the most important members, as it was believed that certain evil spirits could enter a person's body through their hair, and that cutting it was a way to drive them out. Due to their spiritual and religious beliefs, barbers even performed religious ceremonies, such as marriages and baptizing children. During these ceremonies, they would leave people's hair hanging down until after dancing; they would then cut the hair and tie it back tightly so that no evil spirits could enter and no good spirits could escape.

Men in Ancient Greece would have their beards, hair, and fingernails trimmed and styled by the κουρεύς (cureus), in an agora (market place) which also served as a social gathering for debates and gossip.

Barbering was introduced to Rome by the Greek colonies in Sicily in 296 BC, and barber shops quickly became very popular centres for daily news and gossip. A morning visit to the tonsor became a part of the daily routine, as important as the visit to the public baths, and a young man's first shave (tonsura) was considered an essential part of his coming of age ceremony.

A few Roman tonsores became wealthy and influential, running shops that were favourite public locations of high society; however, most were simple tradesmen, who owned small storefronts or worked in the streets for low prices.Starting from the Middle Ages, barbers often served as surgeons and dentists. In addition to haircutting, hairdressing, and shaving, barbers performed surgery, bloodletting and leeching, fire cupping, enemas, and the extraction of teeth; earning them the name "barber surgeons". The barber pole, featuring red and white spiraling stripes, symbolized different aspects of the craft. Barbers received higher pay than surgeons until surgeons were entered into British warships during naval wars. Some of the duties of the barber included neck manipulation, cleansing of ears and scalp, draining of boils, fistula and lancing of cysts with wicks.

19th CENTURY AND LATER

Barbershops were influential at the turn of the 19th century in helping to develop African American culture and economy. According to Trudier Harris, "In addition to its status as a gathering place, the black barbershop also functioned as a complicated and often contradictory microcosm of the larger world. It is an environment that can bolster egos and be supportive as well as a place where phony men can be destroyed, or at least highly shamed, from participation in verbal contests and other contests of skill. It is a retreat, a haven, an escape from nagging wives and the cares of the world. It is a place where men can be men. It is a place, in contrast to Gordone's bar, to be somebody."Late in the 19th century there were several noteworthy events in the barber profession that gave it an upward trend, and the effects are still carrying onward and upward. In 1893, A. B. Moler of Chicago, established a school for barbers. This was the first institution of its kind in the world, and its success was apparent from its very start. It stood for higher education in the ranks, and the parent school was rapidly followed by branches in nearly every principal city of the United States. In the beginning of barber schools, only the practical work of shaving, hair-cutting, facial treatments, etc., was taught as neither the public nor the profession were ready to accept scientific treatments of hair, skin and scalp. Not until about 1920 was much effort made to professionalize the work.

In the early 1900s an alternative word for barber, "chirotonsor", came into use in the USA.

The barber Sam Mature, whose interview with Studs Terkel was published in Terkel's 1974 book Working, says "A man used to get a haircut every couple weeks. Now he waits a month or two, some of 'em even longer than that. A lot of people would get manicured and fixed up every week. Most of these people retired, moved away, or passed away. It's all on account of long hair. You take old-timers, they wanted to look neat, to be presentable. Now people don't seem to care too much."

Despite the economic recession in 2008, the barber shop industry has seen continued positive growth.

Training to be a barber is achieved through various means around the world. In the USA, barber training is carried out at "Barber Schools".

Cost—Many states require a barber license in order to practice barbering professionally. The cost of barber school varies from state to state, and also from metro area to metro area. Schools in larger metropolitan areas tend to cost more than those located in more rural towns. Brand names can also affect the cost of barber school. Most barber schools cost between $6,500 and $10,000 to complete. Because each state has different minimums for training hours, the length and cost of the program can vary accordingly. Some schools tuition includes supplies and textbooks, whereas others do not. Barber license exam fees typically range from $50 to $150.

Length—Most states require the same amount of training hours for barbers as they do for cosmetologists. The number of hours required ranges from 800 to 2,000 training hours, depending on the state's licensing requirements. Most programs can be completed in 15 months or fewer.

Curriculum—The barber school curriculum consists of hair cutting, coloring and styling for men's hair and women's short hair. Chemical processes such as bleaching, dyeing, lightening and relaxing hair may also be taught. All cosmetology disciplines learn safety and sanitation best practices. Barber students can expect to learn some elements of anatomy, physiology, bacteriology and some small elements of pharmacology. It also teaches facial hair techniques, including traditional and modern shaves. Generally barber programs touch on scalp massage and treatments. Advanced barber training may include custom shave designs. It is more common in barbering schools than other cosmetology disciplines to get some business and ethics education, since entrepreneurship is especially common in the barbering trade with many professionals choosing to open their own barbershops. All the skills learned in barber school will be tested at the board exams, which typically feature a written and practical exam.

WIKIPEDIA

Bacteriological Mailer by Indiana Medical History Museum

On display at the Indiana Medical History Museum, Indianapolis

PH17537 by State Historical Society of Iowa

Dr. Robert Koch, the German bacteriologist who discovered the causes of anthrax, cholera and tuberculosis, photographed (far right) during a visit to his brother's home in Keystone, Iowa. April 1908.

Walter L. Bierring Collection

Source: State Historical Society of Iowa, Des Moines

Reproductions and permissions: www.iowaculture.gov/history/research/research-centers/cop...

Bacteriological Laboratory, 1904 by The State Library and Archives of Tasmania

Tasmanian Archive and Heritage Office: From the AB641 series

TAHO images may be freely used for research or private study purposes. They may also be shared on private websites or blogs. When using or sharing the images please ensure that a clear attribution is included. For commercial use, please contact the Tasmanian Archive and Heritage Office

This image is taken from Page 177 of A text-book of bacteriology [electronic resource] : including the etiology and prevention of infective diseases and a short account of yeasts and moulds, haematozoa, and psorosperms by Medical Heritage Library, Inc.

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Go to Page 177 in the Internet Archive

Title: A text-book of bacteriology [electronic resource] : including the etiology and prevention of infective diseases and a short account of yeasts and moulds, haematozoa, and psorosperms

Creator: Crookshank, Edgar M. (Edgar March), 1858-1928

Creator: Lister, Joseph, Baron, 1827-1912 dedicatee

Creator: Crawfurd, Raymond Henry Payne, Sir, 1865-1938 former owner

Creator: Crookshank, Edgar M. (Edgar March), 1858-1928 former owner

Creator: Creed, Edward Ffolliott, 1893-1947 former owner

Creator: King's College London

Publisher: London : H. K. Lewis

Sponsor: Jisc and Wellcome Library

Contributor: King's College London, Foyle Special Collections Library

Date: 1896

Language: eng

Description: With half-title page

Spine title: Bacteriology and infective diseases

Final leaf: publisher's advertisements

Dedication page to Joseph Lister

Includes index

First published in 1886

This material has been provided by King’s College London. The original may be consulted at King’s College London

King’s College London

If you have questions concerning reproductions, please contact the Contributing Library.

Note: The colors, contrast and appearance of these illustrations are unlikely to be true to life. They are derived from scanned images that have been enhanced for machine interpretation and have been altered from their originals.

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Bacteriology by Phillip Hughes

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Bacteriology 1896 by University of Iowa Health Care Marketing and Communications

Student by Phillip Hughes

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bacteriology laboratory in Marshall University

Bacteria (Chloroflexus aurantiacus) by shadowshador

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Found in pond water.

Domain: Bacteria

Kingdom: Eubacteria

Division: Chloroflexi

Class: Chloroflexi

Order: Chloroflexales

Family: Chloroflexaceae

Genus: Chloroflexus

Species: C. aurantiacus

Students work in a lab on bacteriology, 1890s by Michigan State University Archives

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Six students in working in a bacteriology class. Written on the back is: "Bacteriology Class of '96

Photo by M.W. Fulton '95."

1890s

Repository Information:

Michigan State University Archives & Historical Collections, 101 Conrad Hall, East Lansing, MI 48824, archives.msu.edu

Subjects:

Michigan State University -- Microbiology -- Classes

Resource Identifier: A001492.jpg

n159_w1150 by Biodiversity Heritage Library

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Atlas and essentials of bacteriology

New York :William Wood & Co.,1897

biodiversitylibrary.org/page/18170127

30/365. by kelley f

1 7

i suppose i should explain.

last summer, my boyfriend and i raised two ducks that i got from my genetics, bacteriology, and embryology class in high school. their names were oscar & donald :) donald didn't make it through the summer, but oscar ended up joining the group of ducks that lived on brendan's lake.

i was so unbelievably nervous when they left for the winter. all i could do was hope that oscar would make it back safely, and hope that he would come back to the same place!

today, brendan and i went to his house because his mom told us she thought she saw oscar on the lake. when we went down to the water and started whistling and calling his name, he ran right out of the bushes on the beach and started swimming (while quacking just like he used to) right toward us :D i started crying, which is incredibly dorky, but i was so happy!!

i took plenty of other, better pictures today, but when i look back at these pictures after the year is over, will i be happier to see a picture of my baby, or one of some random trees? i hope you know the answer :)

here is a close-up of the two of them that i took last year - oscar&holly

Bacteriology Department at 5th General Hospital Musgrave Park, Belfast 1942 by US Forces in Northern Ireland during WW2

Private First Class, Raymond G. Frisein from Lockport, New York, looking trough a microscope in the Bacteriology Department of the US Army, 5th General Hospital, Musgrave Park, Belfast.

Dated: 18th November 1942

Bacteriology Lab, Goshen College by Mennonite Church USA Archives

Caption: March, 1948. Goshen, Indiana. Bacteriology Lab at Goshen College. John Maxwell, lab assistant in charge.

Citation: Mennonite Community Photograph Collection, 1947-1953. Goshen College. HM4-134 Box 2 Photo 303-8. Mennonite Church USA Archives - Goshen. Goshen, Indiana.

Classical bacteriological biochemical tests by Joe Rubin

Variety of biochemical tube tests.

Bacteriology Class by Phillip Hughes

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classroom laboratory in Marshall University

Pasteurella multocida mucoid colonies by Joe Rubin

Mucoid colonies of Pasteurella multocida on Columbia agar with 5% sheep blood.

Kirk Grubbs, Bacteriology by Sevie Kenyon

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You get asked to take pictures of some interesting things. Part of a research project studying the microbes found in bee hives. Environmental portrait series.

Bacteriological Laboratory, British Acetones Limited, Toronto, Ontario / Laboratoire bactériologique, British Acetones Limited, Toronto (Ontario) by BiblioArchives / LibraryArchives

Title / Titre :

Bacteriological Laboratory, British Acetones Limited, Toronto, Ontario /

Laboratoire bactériologique, British Acetones Limited, Toronto (Ontario)

Creator(s) / Créateur(s) : Unknown / Inconnu

Date(s) : November 30, 1916 / 30 novembre 1916

Reference No. / Numéro de référence : MIKAN 3193549, 3624306

collectionscanada.gc.ca/ourl/res.php?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&...

Location / Lieu : Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Credit / Mention de source :

Canada. Department of National Defence. Library and Archives Canada, PA-024384 /

Canada. Ministère de la défense nationale. Bibliothèque et Archives Canada, PA-024384

Bacteriology Laboratory (Marshall Hall) by Michigan State University Archives

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Bacteriology Laboratory (Marshall Hall)

Bacteriology Laboratory (Marshall Hall). Two men are standing next to a camera on a tripod, while two other men converse nearby. On the front: "Bact. Lab. M.A.C.," "C.E.W." On the back: "Mrs. Mark Doty 421 Linden E Lansin Mich."

Date Unknown

Repository Information:

Michigan State University Archives & Historical Collections, 101 Conrad Hall, East Lansing, MI 48824, archives.msu.edu

Subjects:

Michigan State University -- Buildings -- Marshall Hall

Resource Identifier: A001020.jpg

Bacteriology Class, Goshen College by Mennonite Church USA Archives

Caption: January, 1949. Goshen, Indiana. Class in Bacteriology Lab at Goshen College. S. Witmer teaching.

Citation: Mennonite Community Photograph Collection, 1947-1953. Goshen College. HM4-134 Box 2 Photo 303-10. Mennonite Church USA Archives - Goshen. Goshen, Indiana.

Bacteriology Department at Creevagh by US Forces in Northern Ireland during WW2

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Member of the personnel from the USN Hospital at Creevagh, looking into a microscope in the Bacteriology Department.

The Microscope in use here was made by the Spencer Lens Company. Founded in 1895 in Buffalo, New York, the company manufactured high-quality microscopes and is considered the first American microscope manufacturer. In 1935 American Optical purchased the Spencer Lens Company but continued operation under its own name, after the acquisition, until 1945 when it became known as the Instrument Division of American Optical Company. The microscopes used by the USN were marked with both the Spencer Buffalo logo and US Navy along their base.

BWC 2022 by UN Geneva

Gerelmaa Davaasuren, Ambassador and Permanent Representative of Mongolia to the UNOG and other international organizations in Geneva, addresses the Ninth Review Conference of the States Parties to the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on Their Destruction, Palais des Nations. UN photo by Violaine Martin

Enterococcus species by Joe Rubin

Pure culture of Enterococcus sp. on blood agar.

Bacteriology by Bjarki Halldorsson

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A picture from my work, taken in february 2014.

Canon EOS 1D mark III + Canon EF 135mm f2L

This image is taken from Page 445 of Lehrbuch der bakteriologischen Untersuchung und Diagnostik : eine Anleitung zur AusfÃÂ¼hrung bakteriologischer Arbeiten und zur Einrichtung bakteriologischer ArbeitstÃÂ¤tten ... by Medical Heritage Library, Inc.

Go to Page 445 in the Internet Archive

Title: Lehrbuch der bakteriologischen Untersuchung und Diagnostik : eine Anleitung zur AusfÃÂ¼hrung bakteriologischer Arbeiten und zur Einrichtung bakteriologischer ArbeitstÃÂ¤tten ...

Creator: Heim, Ludwig, b. 1857

Creator: Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh

Publisher: Stuttgart : F. Enke

Sponsor: Jisc and Wellcome Library

Contributor: Royal College of Physicians in Edinburgh

Date: 1894

Language: ger

Description: This material has been provided by the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh. The original may be consulted at the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh

Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh

If you have questions concerning reproductions, please contact the Contributing Library.

Note: The colors, contrast and appearance of these illustrations are unlikely to be true to life. They are derived from scanned images that have been enhanced for machine interpretation and have been altered from their originals.

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BWC 2022 by UN Geneva

Ambassador Gennady Gatilov, Permanent Representative of the Russian Federation to the Office of the United Nations and other International Organizations in Geneva, addresses the Ninth Review Conference of the States Parties to the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on Their Destruction, Palais des Nations. UN photo by Violaine Martin

Student project exhibits, Bacteriology Department by Michigan State University Archives

Student project exhibits, Bacteriology Department

Exhibits of student projects in the Bacteriology Department. The main display pictured is of "Methods of Food Preservation." The exhibit to the (camera) left is on "Food Nutrition".

Date Unknown

Repository Information:

Michigan State University Archives & Historical Collections, 101 Conrad Hall, East Lansing, MI 48824, archives.msu.edu

Subjects:

Michigan State University -- Cooperative Extension Service -- Farmers' Week [folder 7]

Resource Identifier: A001112.jpg

HOSP-STAN-07-01-01-1514_09 by Northumberland Archives

Bacteriological report accompanying the file HOSP/STAN/07/01/02/1514, a patient at Stannington Sanatorium being treated for Tuberculosis of the spine. Read more about this file on the album description.

Date: 1944-1948.

This image is part of our Stannington Sanatorium Flickr collection of albums of patient files, as part of our Stannington Sanatorium project. They are from our archive collections at Northumberland Archives. Feel free to share them within the spirit of the Commons. If you have any enquiries or would like copies please contact collections@woodhorn.org.uk for more information.

Bacteriological Laboratory by Hill Memorial Library

Corner in Bacteriological Laboratory, Audubon Sugar School of LSU in New Orleans, 1909.

#a50000359

LSU Photograph Collection, 1886-1926, Louisiana State University Archives, LSU Libraries, Baton Rouge, LA.

Location: Range AA:29, Box 2, Folder 4 [Audubon Sugar School]

"The Science of Sugar" blog post:

news.blogs.lib.lsu.edu/2015/01/14/science_of_sugar_lsu/

Images from LSU University Archives concerning Audubon Sugar School located in the Louisiana Digital Library.

cdm16313.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/search/collection/LSU_UAP...

LSU University Archives: www.lib.lsu.edu/special/archives

Laboratory of Chemical and bacteriological reconnaissance - Лаборатория химической и бактериологической разведки by Victor Dashkiyeff

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Laboratory of Chemical and bacteriological reconnaissance produced in 1918. This loud name hides a modest louse-slaughter - but it played a huge role in preserving the combat readiness of the Red Army during the Civil War 1918-1922.

Then the typhus epidemic produced a huge devastation and typhus louse has killed three times more people than the enemy's bullets and shells

Лаборатория химической и бактериологической разведки, изготовленная в 1918 г. За этим громким названием скрывается обыкновенная вошебойка. Но во время Гражданской войны 1918-1922 гг. она играла огромную роль в сохранении боеспособности Красной Армии.

Тогда эпидемия тифа производила огромное опустошение и тифозная вошь убила в три раза больше людей чем вражеские пули и снаряды

Bacteriology Laboratory (Marshall Hall) by Michigan State University Archives

Bacteriology Laboratory (Marshall Hall)

Bacteriology Laboratory (Marshall Hall). On the front: "Bacteriological Garden, M.A.C. East Lansing, Mich."

Date Unknown

Repository Information:

Michigan State University Archives & Historical Collections, 101 Conrad Hall, East Lansing, MI 48824, archives.msu.edu

Subjects:

Michigan State University -- Buildings -- Marshall Hall

Resource Identifier: A001019.jpg

Bacteriology Laboratory (Marshall Hall) by Michigan State University Archives

Bacteriology Laboratory (Marshall Hall)

Bacteriology Laboratory (Marshall Hall). On the front: "Bact. Lab. M.A.C.," "C.E.W."

Date Unknown

Repository Information:

Michigan State University Archives & Historical Collections, 101 Conrad Hall, East Lansing, MI 48824, archives.msu.edu

Subjects:

Michigan State University -- Buildings -- Marshall Hall

Resource Identifier: A001018.jpg

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