View allAll Photos Tagged arguments
.
A prison house of nations Globalization, Indian State &National liberation Movements .
It is argued that Nationality movements which are based on territoriality are no more a viable project of decolonization. This argument springs from two major characterizations of the emerging scenario of international politics. The first position claims that with the globalization of capital, all national boundaries have eroded. Nationality movements or the movements for National Self Determination have thus become unviable since the erosion of national boundaries have reached such an advanced stage that any struggle based on a demand of separate territory becomes meaningless. Yet another opinion insists that the state has rolled back from its earlier all encompassing role with the policies of globalization or, to put it differently, globalization marks the general withdrawal of the state. Further, this opinion equates the withdrawal of the state with the simultaneous presumed extension of the civil society. Since the state has become "soft" the space has opened up for various civil society ventures to address the questions of all forms of inequalities, disparities, discrimination through peaceful ways and means of discussion and deliberation. The direct consequence of this argument is the supplanting of the struggle for a demand such as national self determination with that of the principle of negotiation. .
Mere counter positioning of nationality struggle with globalization is not a new phenomenon. It has a historical past punctuated with the explosion in the development of capital and capitalism fuelled by its everlasting needs for new captive markets and resources. Many might misconstrue the above said arguments as something new in the present times of the so-called 'footloose' capital. rn fact, it would be interesting to note that the apologists of the early project of the 'white man's burden" and its present variant known euphemistically as Globalization, Liberalization and Privatization, argued the necessity for capital to expand without any boundaries, any restrictions. The early days of capitalist explosion in Western Europe had witnessed similar sentiments of the hunger of capital/capitals rooted in its national boundaries ready in search of the best possibilities of profit maximization at every nook and cranny of the world. From Marx, Lenin to Mao one can see the intense polemic demystifying the deliberate maze created by the blood sucking capitalists and their apologists-the revisionist Left to the arch right-wing-decisively establishing the need and validity of the subjugated nations to fight for liberation; the validity of countries fighting for independence (anti-colonial resistance) and significantly, the genuine cry of the people for revolution. .
The Indian Context While moving away from conventional notions of globalization as a recent phenomenon which is only a decade and a half old, one has to trace the trajectory of globalization in the Indian sub continent since the days of the colony and its subsequent transformation into a semi-feudal, semi-colonial state Post-1947. The history of the Indian Union from the days of 'Nehruvian socialism' punctuated by "Modern Temples" like big dams, big industries with the slogan of "catching up with the West!' to the present near total privatization of vital sectors of the Indian economy is the violent story of how imperialism anchored by its local comprador ruling classes have implanted its parasitic blood sucking image on the various peoples of the sub-continent. .
· It is this imprint of the image of imperialism, its development rooted in the nature of combined and uneven development as a dynamic set in motion which got translated as state building/nation building, the underlying core of the policy initiatives Indian State resorted to in the form of development or otherwise post-1947. The principal aspect that was kept as the cardinal rule was the national integrity of the Indian Union, evident from the subsequent events that unfolded, the chief architects of the Indian Union not willing to consider any aspect that would be contrary to the interest of National Integration/National Security. .
National security as the principle of state building The policy initiatives of the Indian State immediately after the transfer of power in 1947 in the North East and Kashmir stands testimony to what has been mentioned above. Notwithstanding a popular demand of the Nagas or the Manipuris or the Kashmiris to be an independent nation it was the primary concern of the Indian rulers to project the new Indian Union as a strong nation with safe frontiers/borders that took precedence. The demand for a separate Sikh homeland was brushed aside. The heroic Telangana Armed struggle was violently crushed under the garb of annexing the Nizam state to the Indian Union. One of the major concerns of the early committees In 1948 called the JVP Committee consisting of Jawaharlal Nehru, Vallabhai Patel and Pattabhi Sitaramayya to look into the formation of the future state boundaries also stressed that the "primary consideration must be the security, unity and economic prosperity of India". .
Any policy promulgation for any region of the Indian Union had to facilitate the dynamic of combined and uneven development through the cooption of the emerging regional bourgeoisie who became the cog in the wheel of surplus extraction .
of the region. Only on the basis of this unevenness could the production and reproduction of a highly centralized state-which was dependent on international capital and technology for Its declared policy of "catching up with the Wese'-could~be made possible. Thus the entire region of the North East continued to be administered from Assam till the early-60s. Sheikh Abdullah .
the elected Prime Minister of Jammu & Kashmir continued to be under detention for no less than 22 years. .
Most of the newly formed states were c;~rveo O~Jt arbitrarily agqinst the aspirations of the masses as it would not facilitate the easy extraction of surplus. Also any possibility of future resistance from these communities can onlya be prevented if they are kept under separate juridical limits. The most powerful resistance of the Naga community was undermined4 when the Indian state propped up the Naga People's Convention (a group of civil servants) against the will of the Naga National Council (NNC) through whom was floated the idea of the state of Nagaland. Thus Nagas found themselves under the jurisdiction of Manipur, Nagaland, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh besides being separated between India and Burma. The Santhals got split into the states of Bihar, Orissa, West Bengal, Madhya Pradesh. Telangana was not allowed separate statehood as it was subsumed .
.
Waiting In Line to enter HARRIS / WALZ Campaign Closing Arguments Rally on the Ellipse along 17th Street between C and D Street, NW, Washington DC on Tuesday evening, 29 October 2024 by Elvert Barnes Photography
KAMALA HARRIS FOR PRESIDENT website at
Elvert Barnes 2024 PROTESTS at elvertxbarnes.com/protests
Elvert Barnes October 2024 at exbphoto.com/2024
Rue de l'Etuve ... heu ... oui, j'ai préféré ça aux dos des touristes occupés à photographier le ptit gars qui pisse.
Waiting In Line to enter HARRIS / WALZ Campaign Closing Arguments Rally on the Ellipse along 17th Street between C and D Street, NW, Washington DC on Tuesday evening, 29 October 2024 by Elvert Barnes Photography
KAMALA HARRIS FOR PRESIDENT website at
Elvert Barnes 2024 PROTESTS at elvertxbarnes.com/protests
Elvert Barnes October 2024 at exbphoto.com/2024
The 2nd International Argument-Based Inquiry Conference took place in Spokane, Washington on August 5-7, 2015.
A spot of 'gerrof my pond' going on here! Please see Rye Meads Album www.flickr.com/photos/wendycoops224/sets/72157628119251738/