These two photos of the Temple of Poseidon were take from different perspectives to show its different sides and its marble base. The temple was originally built in the 5th Century BC.

Close-up of the wooden statuette of a courtier. Intended for the deceased´s Ka-spirit.

Old Kingdom.

Ξ205.

Egyptian Collection in Athens

Views

Irretrievably erased.

From the Temple of Aphrodite at Aphrodisias, Turkey

Bayon Temple near Siem Reap, Cambodia

this is another spot on le petite ceinture...the ancient rail line that encircled Paris.

it is hard to fathom that gate has not been used since 1934...

so much has happened since then!

sorry to post and run

trip went well...tired!

took mom to dinner once I returned.

teach in the morning and afternoon,...so I will visit tomorrow night!

all the best!

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This is one of the only remaining Buddha head's in Indein Village. A small village with an amazing amount of stupas and pagodas that I instantly fell in love with. I spent too much time in around Inle Lake, but giving this village a chunk of your time will be immensely rewarding.

While walking through the village isn't remotely like braving an ancient booby-trapped temple in search of a golden idol, it may be nearly as rewarding without the fear of sudden death. It's a location Indiana Jones would've been excited to explore and unearth its treasures. Beautiful, ancient, and full of Buddhist structures leaving your mind to drift into what life was like hundreds of years ago.

Blogged: www.aisleseatplease.com/blog/2016/5/10/ancient-treasures

mio nonno...il mio amore

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An ancient jewel at the National Archaeological Museum of Athens.

Old alleys

in national museum of Tirana

Grant County, NM

Passageway leading into Medieval Bishop’s Palace Lincoln Cathedral

Terme is Latin for spa

Ancient world

Hera's Temple (bw)

Bernalda

Campanile di San Marco Venezia

Detail from the Egyptian Pikemen.

Group of forty statues of soldiers are arranged in ten rows of four persons. They are shown marching in disciplined step and carrying their shields, which are covered with animal skin. In their right hands, they hold lances in an upright position.

11th dynasty, from the tomb of Mesehti - Asyut.

JE 30968 / CG 258

Upper floor, room 37

Cairo Museum

Ancient Gordium....was probably the capital of Meshech. It was located where the Royal Road of Persian Kings crossed the Sangarius (Sakarya) River. Thus it was an active commercial center. A reference to Meshech's trade in slaves and bronze occurs in Old Testament Ezekiel 27:13. Excavations in the last forty years indicate that it was occupied as early as the third millennium B.C. Between 2000 and 1200 B.C. the city was an important Hittite outpost with Assyrian colonists also living there, this parallels the situation in Kanesh (Kayseri) at the same time. The city became even more active when Phrygians settled there beginning in the 9th century; it reached its highest prosperity under them in the 8th century. By 690 Cimmerians had invaded the area and destroyed the city. Lydians repaired the city, but in 547-546 Cyrus and his army destroyed it again. Under the Persians, however, it regained its place as a commercial and military center. Alexander the Great in 333 BC. cut the famous Gordian knot and took the city out of Persian control, but then in 278 BC. it was destroyed by the Gauls. By 200 A.D. the city was completely deserted. 17th and 16th century B.C. Hittite graves have been excavated and some of their contents are to be seen at the Anatolian Civilizations Museum in Ankara. In Gordium itself there are almost a hundred tumulus graves of notables who lived and died between Phrygian and Galatians times. These stand out above the gently rolling landscape. The largest tumulus has been identified as that belonging to King Midas. It still contains some wooden furniture probably from his palace. Midas in Assyrian records is a Mushki; in Greek references he is a Phrygian. Perhaps he was both, or maybe they were one and the same. Most of the finds from the tumuli are in the Ankara museum for safe-keeping. Those include furniture decorated with ivory inlay (from pre-Cimmerian times), wooden statues, vases, bronze cauldrons, silver and gold jewelry, and images of Cybele, the Mother Goddess, used in religious ceremonies. In the Phrygian palaces and public buildings are the earliest examples known in Anatolia of decorative geometric patterns made with colored pebbles. The mosaic technique suggests that the artists may have been familiar with weaving or with basketry.

British Museum (Free Museum) London England, Bloomsbury District

Source: British Museum

For more than 650 years gladiators contests were held in the areas ruled by Rome,and thousands of men and women were killed in combat or by animals for the entertainmnet of the people.

Fights to the death between gladiators seem to have begun as rituals at funerals in Italy. By the second century BC they had become public displays, often organised by politicians looking for votes. Under the Empire people came to expect magnificent spectacles. One show given by the Emperor Trajan lasted for 117 days, with nearly 5000 pairs of gladiators.

Gladiatorial shows usually opened with wild animal hunts and fights. Criminals and also Christians who refused to swear allegiance to the Emperor were often condemned to be killed by animals in the arena. Other events were also staged; successful boxers were almost as popular as famous gladiators. Eventually the cost in lives and money together with objections from the Christian church led to the abolition of gladiatorial contests in about AD 400.

British Museum (Free Museum), London England

18th century headstones at Old Bennington Cemetery in Bennington, Vermont. The cemetery is located next to the historic Bennington Old First Church; state governors, Revolutionary War veterans and poet Robert Frost are all buried here. Known as "Vermont's Sacred Acre."

This is the area where running events took place at the Olympic games in ancient Greece.

The "Olympia Greece was the site of the ancient Olympic Games, which were celebrated every four years by the Greeks. It was not a town, but only a sanctuary with buildings associated with games and the worship of the gods. Olympia was a national shrine of the Greeks and contained many treasures of Greek art, such as temples, monuments, altars, theaters, statues, and votive offerings of brass and marble.

The French began excavations here in 1829. German explorations of 1875-81 threw much light upon the plans of the buildings; they were resumed in 1936, 1952, and 1960-61. Many valuable objects were discovered, the most important of which was a statue of Hermes, the messenger of the gods, by Praxiteles.

Chalkidiki, Greece

Detail of offering bearers on a relief fragments in the pylon gateway, the entrance to the inner courtyard.

18th dynasty, Tomb of Maya and Meryt - Saqqara

The reverse of a silver denarius, struck in the name of the Roman emperor Alexander Severus, 222- 235 AD. The reverse legend reads PAX AVG, Pax Augustus, the emperor’s peace. The depiction is of the goddess Pax, striding (running) left, her torso facing the viewer, holding out an olive branch with her right hand and a long (not quite) vertical scepter at her side with her left.

References include RSC iii, page 136, 187, not illustrated. However, a photograph of 187a on the same page, is an example of this reverse type with a different obverse portrait type, possibly an older portrait. RSC uses Cohen’s numeration. Valued at 45 British pounds in 1988.

RCV page 220, 2217, only “Pax advancing l.”, with no real description of an obverse type. Valued at 45 British pounds in 1988.

RIC iv, ii page 83, 168, no illustration. Frequency as “C” for common, references only Cohen.

Cohen (1884) iv, page 420, 187, no illustration, is this general type. He cites an example in BN and determined a value of 3 French francs.

BMC vi, pages 147ff, attribute coins 328 to 392 to the mint of Rome, “Issue 6 A.D. 226”. This type is represented on page 150, 363. 2.26 grams, 21 mm, 0. From the Oldroyd bequest, 1946, L. A. Lawrence involved. 364, 2.56 grams, 21 mm, 0. C. M. Cracherode gift, 1799. 365, 2.61 grams, 19 mm, 180. E.S.G. Robinson gift, 1950. L. A. Lawrence involved. 366, 2.87 grams, 19 mm, 180. Elveden find, 1953. 363, on plate 12, is the only illustrated specimen. 367, 2.94 grams, 20 mm, 180, also from the Elveden find, is of this type but with the obverse legend "unbroken”, unfortunately not illustrated nor otherwise commented on.

Glasgow iii, page 142f, 47, plate 43. 3.55 grams, 20 mm, 180. “Rome” “Undated A.D. 226-7 (or early A.D. 228)”. No provenance.

RCV (1988) as 45 British pounds, RSC (1982) as 25 pounds.

Ancient Olympia | Greece | 18 October 2021

Beijing 2022 - Lighting Ceremony of the Olympic Flame held in Ancient Olympia

Copyright: IOC/Greg Martin

The Roman Army Barracks were busy crowded places. There was constant bustle and activity on most days, with soldiers training, marching to guard duty, delivering food and equipment or working on maintenance.

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For more on Caligulan Numismatic Articles see: Coins courtesy cngoins.com

Related Articles of Caligula from American Numismatic Society Library Search

Library Catalog Search (Preliminary Version)

Full Record: Barrett, Anthony A. The invalidation of currency in the Roman Empire : the Claudian demonetization of Caligula's AES. (1999)

Full Record: Bost, Jean-Pierre. Routes, cits et ateliers montaires : quelques remarques sur les officines hispaniques entre les rgnes d'Auguste en de Caligula. (1999)

Full Record: Bibliothque Municipale d'Etude et d'Information de Grenoble. Grenoble : Bibliothque Municipale d'Etude et d'Information : catalogue des monnaies. II. Monnaies romaines. Monnaies impriales romaines. 2. Caligula - Neron . Index. / Bernard Rmy, Frdric Bontoux, Virginie Risler. (1998)

Full Record: Gainor, John R. The image of the Julio-Claudian dynasty from coins / by John R. Gainor.

Full Record: Martini, Rodolfo. Monete romane imperiali del Museo G. B. Adriani. Parte 3, Caius (37-41 d.C.) / Rodolfo Martini. (2001)

Full Record: ACCLA privy to presentation by Richard Baker on Caligula. (2002)

Full Record: Wend, David A. Caligula, the emperor as autocrat. Part 1. (2002)

Full Record: Wend, David A. Caligula, the emperor as autocrat. Part 2. (2002)

Full Record: Wend, David A. Caligula, the emperor as autocrat. Part 3. (2002)

Full Record: Kemmers, Fleur. Caligula on the Lower Rhine : Coin finds from the Roman Fort of Albaniana (The Netherlands) / Fleur Kemmers. (2004)

Full Record: Estiot, Sylviane. Le trsor de Meussia (Jura) : 399 monnaies d'argent d'poques rpublicaine et julio-claudienne / Sylviane Estiot, Isabelle Aymar. (2002)

Full Record: Gocht, Hans. Namenstilgungen an Bronzemünzen des Caligula und Claudius / Hans Gocht. (2003)

Full Record: Gomis Justo, Marivi. Ercavica : La emision de Caligula. Estimacion del numero de cunos originales.

Full Record: Sayles, Wayne G. Fakes on the Internet. (2002)

Full Record: Kemmers, Fleur. The coin finds from the Roman fort Albaniana, the Netherlands / Fleur Kemmers . (2005)

Full Record: Lopez Snchez, Fernando. La afirmacion soberana de Caligula y de Claudio y el fin de las acunaciones ciudadanas en occidente / Fernando Lopez Snchez. (2000)

Full Record: Besombes, Paul-Andr. Les monnaies hispaniques de Claude Ier des dpôts de la Vilaine (Rennes) et de Saint-Lonard (Mayenne) : tmoins de quel type de contact entre l'Armorique et la pninsule ibrique ? / Paul-Andr Besombes. (2005)

Full Record: Catalli, Fiorenzo. Le thesaurus de Sora / Fiorenzo Catalli et John Scheid.

Full Record: Giard, Jean-Baptiste. Faux deniers de Caligula de la Renaissance.

Full Record: Vermeule, Cornelius. Faces of Empire (Julius Caesar to Justinian). Part II(B), More young faces : Caligula again and Nero reborn / Cornelius Vermeule. (2005)

Full Record: Geranio, Joe. Portraits of Caligula : the seated figure? / Joe Geranio. (2007)

Full Record: Aguilera Hernandez, Alberto. Acerca de un as de Caligula hallado en Zaragoza / Alberto Aguilera Hernandez. (2007)

Full Record: Butcher, K. E. T. Caligula : the evil emperor. (1985)

Full Record: Fuchs, Michaela. Frauen um Caligula und Claudius : Milonia Caesonia, Drusilla und Messalina. (1990)

Full Record: Faur, Jean-Claude. Moneda de Caligula de Museo Arqueologico Provincial de Tarragona. (1979)

Full Record: British Museum. Dept. of coins and medals. Coins of the Roman Empire in the British museum. Vol. I: Augustus to Vitellius / by Harold Mattingly. (1976)

Full Record: Conrad, Edwin. A Caligula Isotope of Hadrian. (1968)

Full Record: Conrad, Edwin. The Metamorphosis of an Allegad 'As of Hadrian.' (1968)

Full Record: Bendall, Simon. A 'new' gold quinarius of Caligula. (1985)

Full Record: Cortellini, Nereo. Le monete di Caligola nel Cohen.

Full Record: Guey, Julien. Les "bains d'or" de Caligula "Immensi Avreorvm Acervi (Sutone, Cal., 42,3).

Full Record: Guey, J. Les "bains d'or" de Caligula : Sutone, Cal. 42, 3.

Full Record: Curry, Michael R. The Aes Quadrans of Caligula. (1968)

Full Record: Jonas, Elemr. L'emploi dar "damnatio memoriae" sur l'un des "dupondius" de Calgula. (1937)

Full Record: Julian, R. W. The coins of Caligula. (1994)

Full Record: Donciu, Ramiro. Cu privire la activitatea militara a lui Caius (Caligula) in anul 40 e.n. (1983)

Full Record: Hansen, Peter. A history of Caligula's Vesta. (1992)

Full Record: Kaenel, Hans-Markus von. Augustus, Caligula oder Caludius? (1978)

Full Record: Kaenel, Hans-Markus von. Die Organisation der Münzprgung Caligulas. (1987)

Full Record: Johansen, Flemming S. The sculpted portraits of Caligula. (1987)

Full Record: Carter, G. F. Chemical compositions of copper-based Roman coins. V : imitations of Caligula, Claudius, and Nero / G. F. Carter and others. (1978)

Full Record: Giard, Jean-Baptiste. L'atelier de Lyon sous Auguste : Tibre et Caligula. (1979)

Full Record: Giard, Jean-Baptiste. Les missions d'or et d'argent de Caligula dans l'atelier de Lyon. (1976)

Full Record: Giard, Jean-Baptiste. Le monnayage de l'atelier de Lyon des origines au rgne de Caligula (43 avant J.-C. - 41 aprs J.-C.). (1983)

Full Record: Nony, D. Quelques as d'imitation de Caligula trouves a Bordeaux (Gironde). (1981)

Full Record: Levy, Brooks Emmons. Caligula's radiate crown. (1988)

Full Record: Poulsen, Vagn. Un nouveau visage de Caligula. (1972)

Full Record: Price, Martin Jessop. Elephant in Crete? New light ona cistophorus of Caligula. (1973)

Full Record: MacInnis, H. Frank. Ego-driven emperor commits excesses. (1979)

Full Record: McKenna, Thomas P. The case of the curious coin of Caligula : a provincial bronze restruck with legend-only dies. (1994)

Full Record: Mowat, Robert. Bronzes remarquables de Tibre, de son fils, de ses petits-fils et de Caligula. (1911)

Full Record: Koenig, Franz E. Roma, monete dal Tevere : l'imperatore Gaio (Caligola). (1988)

Full Record: Kollgaard, Ron. Caligula's coins profile despot. (1993)

Full Record: Kollgaard, Ron. A numismatic mystery : "the Caligula quadrans." (1994)

Full Record: Martini, Rodolfo. Osservazioni su contromarche ed erosioni su assi de Caligula. (1980)

Full Record: Szaivert, Wolfgang. Moneta Imperii Romani. Band 2 und 3. Die Münzprgung der Kaiser Tiberius und Caius (Caligula) 14/41 / von Wolfgang Szaivert. (1984)

Full Record: Boschung, Dietrich. Die Bildnisse des Caligula. Kaenel, Hans-Markus von. Jucker, Hans. Deutsches Archaologisches Institut. Das Romische Herrscherbild. 1. Abt., Bd. 4, Die Bildnisse des Caligula / Dietrich Boschung ; mit einem Beitrag von Hans-Markus von Kaenel ; auf Grund der Vorarbeiten und Marterialsammlungen von Hans Jucker. (1989)

Full Record: Rosborough, Ruskin R. An epigraphic commentary on Suetonius's life of Gaius Caligula. A thesis...for the...Doctor of Philosophy. (1920)

Full Record: Richard, Jean-Claude. A propos de l'aureus de Caligula dcouvert Saint-Colomban-des-Villards (Savoie). (1982)

Full Record: Richard, Jean-Claude. Un aureus de Caligula dcouvert Saint-Colomban-des-Villards (Savoie). (1982)

Full Record: Ritter, Hans-Werner. Adlocutio und Corona Civica unter Caligula und Tiberius. (1971)

Full Record: Kumpikevicius, Gordon C. A numismatic look at Gaius. (1979)

Full Record: Savio, Adriano. La coerenza di Caligola nella gestione della moneta / Adriano Savio. (1988)

Full Record: Savio, Adriano. Note su alcune monete di Gaio-Caligola. (1973)

Full Record: Stylow, Armin U. Die Quadranten des Caligula als Propaganda-münzen.münzen" aus der stdtischen sammlung zu Osnabrück. (1971)

Full Record: Schwartz, Jacques. Le Monnayage Snatorial entre 37 et 42 P.C. (1951)

Full Record: Rodolfo Martini, ed. Sylloge nummorum Romanorum. Italia. Milano, Civiche Raccolte Numismatiche Vol. 1 Giulio-Claudii / a cura di Rodolfo Martini. (1990)

Full Record: Szaivert, Wolfgang. Zur Julisch-Claudischen Münzprgung. (1979)

Full Record: Vedrianus. The Roman Imperial series. V. Gaius. (1963)

Full Record: Tietze, Christian M. Kaiser Cajus Caesar, genannt Caligula. (1979)

Full Record: Wood, Susan. Diva Drusilla Panthea and the sisters of Caligula / Susan Wood. (1995)

Full Record: Sutherland, Carol Humphrey Vivian. Coinage in Roman imperial policy 31 B.C.-A.D. 68. (1951)

Full Record: Sutherland, C. H. V. The mints of Lugdunum and Rome under Gaius : an unsolved problem. (1981)

Full Record: Trillmich, Walter. Familienpropaganda der Kaiser Caligula und Claudius : Agrippina Maior und Antonia Augusta auf Münzen. (1978)

Full Record: Voirol, August. Eine Warenumsatzsteuer im antiken Rom und der numismatische Beleg inher Aufhebung : Centesima rerum venalium. (1943)

Full Record: Trillmich, Walter. Zur Münzprgung des Caligula von Caesaraugusta (Zaragoza). (1973)

Museum

Paper: 24cm Tant, painted with Faber Castel Gelatos

Grid: 32 squares

Model: Jo Nakashima

Video: youtu.be/Ql4o0kWrH68

This was on my To-Do-List like forever. The pyramid itself is nice to fold, the stairs were not as easy with Tant (EH probably would work better), so I ended up doing only one of them - lazy me, who folds not to much lately anyways :-/

Greece

Museum of Cham Sculpture, Da Nang, Central Vietnam. Complete indexed photo collection at WorldHistoryPics.com.

on the square near the castle. The wisteria stem wound around the stair rail is incredibly thick.

Pergamum , ancient city of NW Asia Minor, in Mysia (modern Turkey), in the fertile valley of the Caicus. It became important c.300 BC, after the breakup of the Macedonian empire, when a Greek family (the Attalids) established a brilliant center of Hellenistic civilization. The kingdom achieved major importance under Attalus I (d. 197 BC), Eumenes II (d. 160 or 159), and Attalus II (d. 138). These kings followed a pro-Roman policy through fear of the imperialism of Philip V of Macedon and of Antiochus III of Syria. The independence of Pergamum ended dramatically when Attalus III (d.133) bequeathed the kingdom to the Roman people. The chief glory of Pergamum was its sculpture, at two periods. The first Pergamene school (c.250-200) celebrated the decisive victory (c.230) of Attalus I over the Galatians; the Dying Gaul is an example of the realism of the art. The later period (200-150) produced a frieze for a great altar of Zeus, glorifying especially the defeat (190) of Antiochus III of Syria at Magnesia . Pergamum was the birthplace of Galen . The cultured Pergamene rulers also built up a library second only to the one at Alexandria. One of the library's specialties was the use of parchment , which takes its name from the city. Eventually the library was given by Antony to Cleopatra. Under Rome, Pergamum was reconstituted as the province of Asia, and Ephesus rapidly eclipsed Pergamum as the chief city of Asia Minor. Pergamum accepted Christianity early; it was one of the Seven Churches of Asia (Rev.1.11; 2.12). Various forms of the name are Pergamus, Pergamon, and Pergamos. The modern town of Bergama, Izmir prov., is on the site of ancient Pergamum.

Bibliography: See R. B. McShane, Foreign Policy of the Attalids of Pergamum (1964).