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The Königsallee, affectionately known as "Kö" by locals, is Düsseldorf's most famous boulevard and one of Europe's premier luxury shopping streets. Stretching for approximately one kilometer through the heart of the city, it presents an elegant and cosmopolitan image. Its distinctive character is defined by a wide, tree-lined promenade separated by a picturesque central canal, creating a unique and inviting atmosphere for strolling. This central waterway, fed by the river Düssel, is a defining physical feature, spanned by several bridges and adding a touch of tranquility amidst the urban bustle.
The "Kö" is synonymous with high-end retail and exclusivity. Along its eastern side lies a concentration of flagship stores from renowned international luxury brands, showcasing the latest in fashion, jewelry, and accessories. Interspersed with these prestigious boutiques are upscale shopping arcades and department stores, offering a vast array of designer goods and premium products. The sheer density of world-class retailers has cemented the Königsallee's reputation as a must-visit destination for discerning shoppers and fashion enthusiasts.
While the eastern side is dominated by retail, the western side of the Königsallee presents a slightly quieter, though no less exclusive, facade. This side is primarily home to prestigious banks, financial institutions, and luxury hotels, including historic establishments. Despite the difference in focus, both sides of the boulevard feature a selection of high-quality cafes and restaurants with outdoor seating, allowing visitors to relax, observe the passing scene, and soak in the sophisticated ambiance of this iconic Düsseldorf landmark.
This family headstone in Earlham Cemetery, Norwich, reads –
In
Affectionate Remembrance
of
ELEANOR.
The Dearly beloved wife of
WILLIAM SHORTEN,
who fell asleep 19th March 1916,
aged 70 years.
Her end was peace.
Also of
WILLIAM,
died 31st Decr. 1929.
Aged 86 years.
Also of
GEORGE HENRY,
Dearly beloved son of the above
who died of wounds received in action in France
18th November 1916
Aged 36 years.
He answered his countrys call.
That soldier on the Commonwealth War Graves Commission website is:-
Private SHORTEN, GEORGE HENRY
Service Number:……………. 6147
Died:…………………………18/11/1916
Aged:……………………….. 36
Unit:………………………….1st Bn.
……………………………….Middlesex Regiment
Son of William and Eleanor Shorten, of 163, Oak St., St. Martin'S, Norwich. Native of Norwich.
Buried at ETAPLES MILITARY CEMETERY
Location: Pas de Calais, France
Cemetery/memorial reference: XII. E. 6A.
Source: www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/505794/shorten,-georg...
Soldiers Died in the Great War, an HMSO publication from the 1920’s, records that Private PW.6147 George Henry Shorten Died of Wounds on the 18th November 1916 while serving in France & Flanders with the 1st Battalion, Duke of Cambridge’s Own (Middlesex Regiment). He was formerly 9152, Royal West Surrey Regiment.
He was born St. Martin’s, Norwich and resident and enlisted Norwich
The Medal Index Card for Private PW/6147 George H. Shorten, Middlesex Regiment, is held at the National Archive under reference WO 372/18/55026
Beyond admin references, there is no additional information on the card.
Source: discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/D5146868
He qualified for the British War Medal and the Victory Medal. This combination of medals would indicate he did not serve in a Theatre of War until on or after the 1st January 1916.
The associated Service Medal Roll shows that he only served overseas with the 1st Battalion, Middlesex Regiment.
His Service Records do not appear to have survived the incendiary attack during the Blitz on the London Warehouse where all the Other Ranks Army Service Records were stored.
The Queen's Royal West Surrey Regiment Rough Register Of Recruits 1914-1917 shows him to have attested with that Regiment on the 27th March 1916.
No match on Picture Norfolk, the County Image Archive.
No obvious Soldiers Will or Civil Probate for this man.
The Army Register of Soldiers Effects, a financial ledger rather than an inventory of belongings, shows that Private PW6147 George Henry Shorten, 1st Battalion Middlesex Regiment died in France on the 18th November 1916. The balance of his pay would go to his father William in May 1917 – there was an initially a hold because there was believed to be a will, but this turned out not to be the case. Father William would also receive his sons’ War Gratuity when this was paid out in November 1919.
____________
The birth of a George Henry Shorten, mothers’ maiden name Porter, was registered with the Civil Authorities in the Norwich District of Norfolk in the April to June quarter, (Q2), of 1880.
The most likely marriage of his parents was that of a William Shorten to a “Helen” Porter recorded in the St. Faiths District of Norfolk in the July to September quarter, (Q3), of 1867.
1881 Census of England and Wales
The 11 months George H. Shorten, born St Martins, Norwich, was recorded living at Oak Street, Norwich. This was the household of his parents, William, (34, a Maltsters foreman, born Sprowston, Norfolk), and “Ellen”, (aged 33, born Blofield, Norfolk). As well as George their other children living with them are:-
Charlotte……aged 13……born Sprowston
William……..aged 10…….born Sprowston
Daniel……….aged 8……..born Sprowston
Arthur……….aged 6……..born Sprowston
Ernest……….aged 2……..born St Pauls, Norwich.
1891 Census of England and Wales
The Shorten family were recorded at 163 Oak Street, Norwich. Living with parents William, (45, Maltster) and Ellen, (46) were children Charlotte, (23, Tailoress), William, (21, Maltster), Daniel, (19, Railway Porter), Arthur, (17, Maltster), Ernest, (12), George H., (11) and new additions Ellen E., (9), Leonard W., (5) and Beatrice M., (10 months) – all born Norwich.
1901 Census of England and Wales
The Shorten family were still living at 163 Oak Street, and on this census schedule they are shown as living next door to a Maltings.As well as parents William, (54, Maltster) and Ellen, 56), children still single and living with them are Daniel, (28, Railway Porter), Arthur, (26. Maltster), Ernest, (22, Brewers Cooker), George, (20, Brewers Tun Room Labourer), Nellie, (18, Shirtmaker(?), working from home), Walter, (15, Maltster) and Beatrice, (10).
1911 Census of England and Wales
The Shorten family were still in residence at 163 Oak Street. Parents William, (64) and Eleanor, (66) state they have been married 43 years and have had 10 children, of which 7 were then still alive. Still single and living with them are George Henry, (31, Brewers Labourer), Ellen Elizabeth, (29), Walter Leonard, (25, Maltsters Labourer) and Beatrice Maud, (21, Tailoress, working from home).
Army Career…………………………………..
The Queen's Royal West Surrey Regiment Rough Register Of Recruits 1914-1917 shows him to have attested with that Regiment on the 27th March 1916.
In a last ditch attempt to avoid the need the need for conscription, in the last six weeks of 1915 the Government tried the Group System, more commonly known as the Derby Scheme. Men could enlist in a unit of there choice but would then be sent home and placed in the Army reserve to await call-up. A single man like George Henry Shorten, born in 1880, would have been in Group 18. A national proclamation went out on the 16th February 1916 giving a months notice that Group 18 men would be required to report to their units from the 18th March 1916. I can only surmise that George was a Derby Scheme man, but it does seem likely. www.longlongtrail.co.uk/soldiers/a-soldiers-life-1914-191...
Struggled to find anyone with a near service number for his Middlesex Regiment to work when and what circumstances he changed unit. Most sources don’t include the prefixes in the indexing, and as soldiers of this period didn’t have a unique number, a service number like 6147 serving with the Middlesex Regiment can produce 6 or 7 matches.
PW/6137 Ernest William Watts doesn’t have any surviving service records, but he was killed in action on the 2nd November 1916 serving with the 1st Battalion. His entry in Soldiers Died in the Great War shows he was formerly 9155 Royal West Surrey Regiment. It also shows he was born and resident North Walsham, enlisted Norwich.
There is a Medical Admissons Register entry for a PW/6162 William Goodhew which shows him at the 28th General Hospital on the 30th August 1916, and was then serving with C Company, 26th Battalion. He had been in the Army 7 months and was aged 33.
PW/6166 David Hutchinson doesn’t have any surviving service records, but he was killed in action on the 23rd April 1917 serving with the 1st Battalion. His entry in Soldiers Died in the Great War shows he was formerly G/12350 Queen’s Westminsters.
So speculation but I suspect George may have reported to the Depot at Norwich at the end of March expecting to serve with the Norfolk Regiment. Instead he was posted to a training battalion of the Royal West Surrey Regiment. Subsequently in the late summer of 1916 he may well have beent sent as part of either a general draft or a draft intended for one of the fighting Royal West Surrey battalions in France. But on arrival in France he would have gone first to an Infantry Base Depot. While there he could well have been posted to the 1st Battalion of the Middlesex Regiment.
On the day…………………………………
George appears to have been medically evacuated back to the British Army area near Etaples and Rouen. He probably died in one of the many hospitals there. This makes it difficult to know when he might have incurred his fatal wounds.
An extract from the official Regimental War History, “The Die-Hards in the Great War” Volume 2 by Everard Wyrall, gives some idea of the likely actions in which George may have been wounded.
The enemy was attacked on 28th October, the objective of the Brigade being the German positions in front of Le Transloy, known as Rainy Trench and Dewdrop Trench, and the dug-outs and points north-east of the latter. Zero hour was 5.30 a.m.
"A" and "C" Companies led the attack of the 1st Middlesex, an attack splendidly successful, for by 9.30 a.m. the whole objective was in their hands and handed over to a relieving battalion (4th Suffolk Regt.) that night. That success was dearly bought, for one officer (2/Lieut. C.A.T. Benson) was killed and seven officers (Capt. E.W. Shaw, Lieuts. C.R. Smith and H.C.O. Buchanan, and 2/Lieuts. R.B. Holman, E. Auckland, R.A. Buckingham, and A.W.C. Hodges) were wounded; 35 other ranks were killed, 136 wounded, and 29 were missing-total all ranks, 208.
On relief the Battalion moved back to the Flers line. Back again into the line at Les Boeufs on 1st November until 3rd (2/Lieut. Billman was wounded on 2nd), thence to Carnoy and Meaulte (where they were told they were going "right back for a long rest"), followed by a move to Huppy, where they stayed until the morning of 5th December,.
Postscript………………………
His father, William, would subsequently claim a Dependants pension as a result of the loss of his son – (this relates to financial dependency so almost certainly George was having some of his pay sent to his father). A pension of 4 shillings a week was awarded from the 6th November 1917. As the pension was initially means-tested, William may not have originally qualified. His son is shown as Died of Wounds on the 18th November 1916 while serving as Private 6147 with the 1st Middlesex. The address for the claim is shown as 163 Oak Street, Norwich.
The TIE/WL Walker, affectionately called the TIEtan by pilots, is a collaborative project between Sienar Fleet Systems and Kuat Drive Yards. When the Imperial Military's R&D labs approached the two contracted manufacturers with a common project seeking to merge the strengths of the TIE series of starfighters with the AT series of walkers, representatives of the two companies were hostile to the idea at first, but eventually an agreement was reached.
The Walker doesn't only carry the TIE name as a nod to its design, as it is indeed powered by a dual Ion-based power core. The design brief called for a ground vehicle with the versatility of a walker, but with the maneuverability of a starfighter. Unlike any AT series vehicle, the TIE Walker was designed to be roughly humanoid in shape, featuring legs that had far greater range of motion than any AT model. One very clear and obvious advantage the TIEtan has, for example, is that it can get back up if knocked over. The design process of the vehicle was long and troubled, primarily due to constant workplace incompatibility between the Sienar and Kuat staff.
The TIEtan, in spite of being the result of the concept "mix the TIE with the AT", differs from both in many aspects. It is the sole Imperial military vehicle which has a primary weapon system independent of the main vehicle itself. The large gun is held by the machine's humanoid hands instead of being integrated. It also represent the complete opposite of typical Imperial design directives - instead of a simple machine that is easy to mass produce, and is therefore expendable, the TIEtan is a highly complex feat of engineering, and each unit is extremely costly to produce, thus the retrieval of even heavily damaged units is imperative.
The TIEtan's main gun also went through many design iterations. The weapon is loaded with three different kinds of ammunition, which already alludes to another major difference from typical Imperial weapons - instead of being a blaster, the WLG-108 uses projectiles. The basic loadout includes independent magazines for hybrid Anti-Material/Armor Piercing ammo, High-Explosive ammo and Incendiary ammo. Sienar and Kuat engineers argued during development extensively whether to settle with incendiary ammo or give the Walker an actual flamethrower with a back-mounted fuel tank, however eventually the danger of the fuel tank caused the incendiary ammo to be the final version. With the back-slot freed up, R&D teams explored the concept of a dedicated melee weapon, and produced a working prototype for a huge chain-sword. In the end, the weapon would have demanded significant downgrades in other areas to fit the budget, so it was scrapped. The design team's progress report about the cancellation of the melee weapon stated "The Walker can punch anything in melee range anyway".
Eventually the back-slot was designated as a storage area for the WLG-108, allowing the TIEtan to use its dextrous hands for support activities, like clearing debris before less agile vehicles, like AT-STs and Sabre tanks. After the Walker was deployed, resourceful pilots also discovered that the hands can be used for climbing.
Additional armaments include an auto-targeting anti-infantry "cleanup" blaster mounted on the top of the cockpit, a "small" (compared to the WLG-108) hand-held blaster sidearm should primary ammo run out (stored on a hip-holster) and a 4-missile extendable launcher bank suitable for anti-air and anti-material applications.
The humanoid design of the TIEtan allowed for a considerably wide range of motion, almost equal to that of humans. Most standard vehicle control schemes limited this ability, however, so the design team had to explore alternate options. Motion-controls were considered, which saw pilots dressed in an exo-skeleton with sensors on all their joints translating their own movements to the vehicle, however this would have required far too much room, which the cockpit did not provide. The designers were forced to opt for a highly experimental and costly method instead, which they dubbed Spinal Bypass. TIEtan pilots have to be extensively implanted with special cybernetics, primarily in their brains and eyes, but the biggest procedure with the complete replacement of the entire spine with a cybernetic augmentation. This implant is then used to "plug-in" to the TIEtan, and the brain implants redirect electrical impulses from the brain to the vehicle. When the pilot "moves" their hand, the signal never reaches their actual hand, but is instead directed into the Walker, so it moves its hand. While in the cockpit, the pilots are temporarily paralysed. The cockpit contains basic controls, but these are only there due to the value of the vehicles themselves - should a TIEtan pilot be incapacitated, but the vehicle is still operable, non-implanted Imperial personnel can access very limited functionality, allowing them to walk the Walker back to base.
Due to the much wider range of motion and higher speed compared to other walkers, during simulations veteran TIE pilots fared much better than AT pilots, thus the pool of high-performing starfighter pilots is where TIEtan pilots are transferred from and trained.
Since piloting a TIEtan is a sensation equal to moving your own body, many pilots developed motorfunction quirks after spending a lot of time out in the field. As the Walker possesses no "head" and the cockpit is in the torso, the pilots never move their necks while inside. After prolonged missions, many bring this kind of motion with them to down time. When someone calls out to a TIEtan pilot, instead of glancing over, they would twist their whole torso to face the other person. This has resulted in a marked increase of personnel problems and bullying towards pilots, who tend to keep to one another for company. As a result, the HR department of the Imperial Military prescribed mandatory 3 hours per week with base counselors.
TIEtans didn't see much field action during the early days of the Empire, and due to their cost they never became widespread, always remaining elite units of few number. Though extensively field tested prior, a unit consisting of 6 TIEtans were first properly deployed during the Battle of Hoth. While the standard Imperial units, consisting of AT-ATs and AT-STs lead the main assault, the Walker unit was sent to traverse the mountains and snow-dunes hiding the Rebel airfield. Though many Rebels, including all high-value targets escaped, the TIEtans performed admirably in the extreme weather conditions, broke through the defenses and shot down several smaller Rebel ships. They were later deployed across many theatres of war, and also used as intimidation in newly "liberated" regions - however, this secondary function wasn't often used, as 20 AT-STs are scarier to farmers than a single TIEtan, but they still cost less. Walkers modified for zero-g operation patrolled the outer hull of the Death Star 2, for example. Following the fall of the Empire, the remnant could no longer afford manufacturing new TIEtans, so those which remained in operation became extremely important, and their pilots became celebrated legends among the military. It is unknown whether the First Order is attempting to adapt the old TIE Walker design for their own use, but so far they have not fielded any similar vehicles.
The Class 14s, affectionately known as 'Teddy Bears' were built at Swindon works. D9520 was built in 1964 and currently masquerades as 'D9544', which was scrapped in September 1980.
She is seen passing Peterborough's Orton Mere Station on the Nene Valley Railway, while at the tail of the 12:50 'Santa Special' service during its return journey from Peterborough to Wansford.
23-12-2015
The following detail on D9520 comes from the NVR website:-
"D9520, the twenty-first of the class of fifty six Type 1 0-6-0 diesel hydraulic (subsequently Class 14) locos, was completed at Swindon Works on 11th November 1964 and initially allocated to Cardiff (Canton) depot in South Wales. In January 1967, it was transferred to Hull (Dairycoates) with other members of the class for work in the North East Region and withdrawn from there in April 1968.
Purchased by Stewart & Lloyds Minerals Ltd. (which became part of the British Steel Corporation from 29th March 1970), the loco arrived, in company with D9523, now also based on the NVR), at Glendon Quarries near Kettering on 16th December 1968 where it became '24' (Plant No. 8311/24) and was used to haul wagons loaded with ironstone from the quarries to the exchange sidings on the St Pancreas - Kettering - Corby - Manton Junction -Nottingham line where BR hauled the trains to the iron and steel works at Corby.
On 12th January 1970, the loco travelled along the Midland main line to Gretton Brook loco depot for work on the Corby Ironstone Quarries system, where it was eventually renumbered '45' in the Minerals' loco fleet. In the course of time, it became the designated loco on the North Bank crusher sidings where all incoming ironstone was received by Corby Steelworks and, as such, the loco would often work around the clock on a three-shift system.
With the decline in steel production nationally and the subsequent closure of Corby's ironstone quarries in 1980, '45' was transferred to the Corby Tubeworks for short-lived general shunting and transfer duties.
On 16th March 1981, the loco (along with '61' - ex D9529) left Corby Works in a BR freight train bound for preservation on the North Yorkshire Moors Railway. With the influx of larger diesels on the Moors' line, D9520 was again surplus to requirements and was resold, moving south to Rutland Railway Museum, Cottesmore by road, returning to the East Midlands' ironstone field on 21st February 1984.
In March 1998, the loco was transferred on loan to Nottingham Transport Heritage Centre at Ruddington. It was no stranger to the Great Central main line - the loco had previously been a guest at GCR Loughborough's Diesel Gala in October 1985 to celebrate the Twenty-First Anniversary of the class, working with the GCR's then resident Class 14's D9516, D9523 and D9529 (as 14 029) - the latter had also subsequently 'moved on' from the NYMR and, of course the trio eventually transferred to the NVR in 1989.
On 20th April 2004, D9520 arrived at Wansford for completion of restoration and is now permanently based on the Nene Valley Railway as part of the Iron & Steel Traction Group, being 'reunited' with existing resident D9516 and D9523 and with D9529 (14 029) and ex NCB D9504 which are now on industrial contract hire and from time to time visit the NVR for maintenance.
D9520's detailed restoration programme covered an external and internal repaint (which shows the loco's original BR two tone green livery as D9520 and its Corby Quarries identity of '45'), together with mechanical overhaul and re-wiring. To enable D9520/Corby Quarries 45 to operate air braked trains (as built, the class of loco was vacuum braked only) an air braking system has been installed."
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Easter 2017 in Scicli (Ragusa - Sicily), the "Feast of the Man Alive", but also the "Feast of The Joy" ("The Joy" or even "The Man Alive" are terms used by the people of Scicli (RG) to affectionately call the Risen Christ); this cypress statue, carved at the end of the eighteenth century, is what remains of a classical Spanish tradition Easter rite. In Scicli, it’s possible, in old times, took place on Easter Day "the encounter" between the Virgin and the Risen Christ as happens in other centers of Sicily all the years, but the figure of the Virgin in Scicli in modern times is most likely vanished: there is who suggested that the birth of the modern Easter feast in Scicli could be identified in the workers' revolts that broke out in Sicily post-unity period of Italy: in 1882 Scicli on Easter day broke out a popular uprising against the Real Guards being beatenand, and the rioters arrested, that Easter day, the people rebelled against the new constitutive order by raising a Christ shaking a red flag symbolizing a militant socialism, a model of Christ not accepted by the clergy or the bourgeoisie and aristocracy.
The people had chosen a sacred image, which contradicted the aesthetic, moralistic and political aptitudes of that time, the naked body was just covered with a short pink shroud that then suddenly became red like that flag that impudently shook in its strong closed hand, a beautiful, mediterranean and burning young man, with a galvanizing and engaging look, with the swollen muscles typical of those who worked hard all his live, became the eternal leader expected and dreamed by the onset of the proletariat as a pagan transfiguration Messiah. Every year on Easter Day, "The Joy" returns to live, for a mysterious magical interplay between the bearers and the One who is also called “the Live
Man", is elevated to heaven by devotee, there are "frenetic" runs along the streets, turns around the squares, blesses and approves between shouts of joy: The Joy appropriates Himself of the city that no one can ever tear it for a consolidated and ancient association, in a triumph of thousands of hands destined to support his athletic body of warrior, there are so many anonymous bodies of devotees who find themselves miraculously in one single identity, his is the entire Sciclitan society behind him because he sums up himself and represents for all. The "vucculari" leaders, are the important figures who decide all the movements of the float with the Risen Christ (The "vuccule" are two large iron rings each planted at the front ends of the two long poles on which the float is mounted) , these are the important figures who decide all movement of Christ, prepare the itinerary, command the race or the wait, set the number of laps in the church or in the “square of the Virgin of Carmine”, organize the excursions to unusual places. There are people who remember when, in a very distant Easter, the Live Man suddenly took an alley out of the known path, abandoning the big crowd, coming unexpectedly into a small area of the old town, the devotees deposed the float with The Joy in front of the door of a humble home, where a young mother, consumed by cancer, was preparing to make his last trip. The feast of Easter Sunday opens with the procession of the Venerable, a heavy "silk banner" that bows to the Blessed Sacrament between two big wings of crowds, the statue of Christ kept in the Church of Santa Maria La Nova, the statue goes in procession for the streets of the city, is lifted up with his arms stretched high, first from a high and then on the other, to express the great happiness for the Resurrection, all the day until late. The great effort of the devotees, the frenzied and almost tarantulated, is not without risk: this year the fall of some carriers inside the church of Our Lady of Carmine, it almost provoked a series of falls, some of them finished under the other bearers with their weight of the heavy float (!): fortunately everyone came out unharmed, and … at the joyful scream of "Joy! Joy!" the frantic journey went on. A small curiosity, the songwriter Vinicio Capossela, fascinated with the celebration of Scicli's Live Man, wanted to dedicate a song to Him, infact the name of the song is "the Live Man".
Pasqua 2017 a Scicli (Ragusa – Sicilia), la “festa dell’Uomo Vivo” ma anche la “festa del Gioia” (Il "Gioia" o anche "L'Uomo Vivo", sono termini usati dagli sciclitani per chiamare e invocare affettuosamente il Cristo Risorto); questa statua di cipresso, scolpita alla fine del Settecento, è ciò che resta di un rito pasquale di classica tradizione spagnola; anche a Scicli, è ipotizzabile, avveniva nel giorno di Pasqua "l'incontro" tra la Vergine e il Cristo Risorto come avviene in altri centri della Sicilia, nel corso degli anni, però, la figura della Vergine con molta probabilità è scomparsa: c’è chi ha ipotizzato che la nascita della moderna festa di Pasqua a Scicli possa essere individuata nelle rivolte operaie che scoppiarono nella Sicilia post-unità d’Italia: nel 1882 a Scicli, il giorno di Pasqua, scoppiò una rivolta popolare, con Carabinieri Reali malmenati ed arresti dei rivoltosi, quel giorno di Pasqua, il popolo in festa si ribellava al nuovo ordine costituito innalzando un Cristo che agita una bandiera rossa simbolo di un socialismo militante, malvisto dal clero ed alle classi borghesi e aristocratiche,
il popolo aveva scelto un'immagine sacra, che contraddiceva i canoni estetici, moralistici e politici del tempo, il corpo nudo era coperto appena di una sindone rosa che poi diventò improvvisamente rossa come quella bandiera che impunemente agitava nel suo forte pugno chiuso, un popolano bello, mediterraneo e ardente, altero e virile al tempo stesso, dallo sguardo galvanizzante e coinvolgente, con i muscoli gonfi tipici di chi ha lavorato duro per tutta una vita, diventò a furor di popolo l'eterno condottiero atteso e sognato dal proletariato insorgente come un trasfigurantesi messia pagano. Ogni anno il giorno di Pasqua “il Gioia” ritorna a vivere, per una misteriosa compenetrazione magica tra i portatori e Colui che è chiamato anche “l’Uomo vivo”, viene innalzato al cielo da devoti invocanti, imprecanti, “corre” freneticamente per le strade, gira per le piazze, benedice e approva tra urli di gioia e schiamazzi: si appropria della città cui nessuno potrà strapparlo mai per un consolidato e antico sodalizio, in un tripudio di mille mani tese a sorreggere il suo atletico corpo di guerrigliero sono tanti corpi anonimi di devoti che si ritrovano per miracolo in un'unica sola identità, la sua, è l'intera società sciclitana che lo porta sulle spalle perché Lui la ricapitola in se e la rappresenta tutta. I capi "Vucculàri" sono le due figure importanti che decidono ogni movimento della vara con sopra il Cristo Risorto (Le "vùccule" (boccole) sono due grossi anelli di ferro piantati ciascuno alle estremità anteriori delle due lunghe aste, sulle quali è montato il fercolo), queste sono le figure importanti che decidono ogni movimento del Cristo, ne predispongono l'itinerario, comandano la corsa o l'attesa, stabiliscono il numero dei giri in chiesa o in piazza del Carmine, organizzano le fughe verso mete a volte anche inusuali. C’è chi ricorda di quando, in una lontana Pasqua, l’Uomo Vivo svoltò improvvisamente in un vicolo fuori dal percorso noto, abbandonando la ressa della folla, giungendo inatteso in un piccolo quartiere del centro storico, i devoti deposero la vara con sopra ‘U Gioia davanti alla porta di una umile casa, nella quale una giovane madre, consumata dal cancro, si apprestava a compiere il suo ultimo viaggio. La festa della Domenica di Pasqua si apre con la processione del Venerabile, un pesantissimo “stunnardu” (stendardo) di seta, che effettua un inchino al Santissimo Sacramento tra due fitte ali di folla, la statua del Cristo, custodita nella Chiesa di Santa Maria La Nova, viene portata in processione per le vie della città e fatta ondeggiare e ballare, viene sollevata con le braccia tese in alto, prima da un alto e poi dall’altro, per esprimere l’enorme felicità per l’avvenuta resurrezione, tutto il giorno sino a tarda ora. Il grande sforzo compiuto dai devoti, l’andirivieni frenetico e quasi tarantolato, non è esente da rischi: quest’anno nella chiesa della Madonna Carmine la rovinosa caduta di alcuni portatori, ha quasi causato un effetto domino, che ha fatto temere per l’incolumità di alcuni di loro finiti sotto gli altri portatori col relativo peso del pesante fercolo: fortunatamente tutti ne sono usciti incolumi ed, al grido osannante di Gioia ! Gioia! Il frenetico andirivieni è ripartito. Una piccola curiosità, il cantautore Vinicio Capossela, innamoratosi della festa dell’Uomo Vivo di Scicli, ha voluto dedicargli una sua canzone, che ha per titolo, appunto … “l’Uomo Vivo”.
This pair of Mexican spotted owls was seen in Sheelite Canyon on the Fort Huachuca Army Base in Southern Arizona. They sat above the trail while i got about 40 shots with my Canon EOS30D and a 100-400 zoom.
The iconic, affectionate and loyal Bibendum trademark is quite unique as he's well over one hundred years old (debuted at the Lyon Exhibition, France in 1894). The French cartoonist Marius Rossillon, popularly known as O'Gallop, was responsible for the initial representation of Bibendum.
The copy on this badge reads:
'LE PNEU MICHELIN BOIT L'OBSTACLE: Michelin tyre drinks up obstacles.
NUNC EST BIBENDUM: Now is (the time) for drinking.
The badge is derived from the famous O'Galop poster of 1898 showing Bibendum raising a glass of road hazards to his inferior competitors. Bibendum remains one of the most enduring trademarks of all time. There is a permanency about the character and despite visual makeovers in line with the changing nature of tyres, the essence of the marque remains the same.
Photography, layout and design: Argy58
(This image also exists as a high resolution jpeg and tiff - ideal for a variety of print sizes
e.g. A4, A3, A2 and A1. The current uploaded format is for screen based viewing only: 72pi)
Known affectionately as the "longest bar in the world," the Düsseldorf Altstadt is a square kilometer of vibrant history and social energy. Within its narrow, cobblestoned streets, you’ll find over 250 pubs, restaurants, and breweries, many of which serve the city's signature Altbier - a dark, top-fermented lager. The atmosphere is a unique blend of Rhenish conviviality and architectural charm, where centuries-old buildings house lively crowds that spill out onto the pavement, regardless of the season.
Beyond the nightlife, the Altstadt serves as the cultural soul of the city. It is home to landmarks like the Schlossturm (Palace Tower) on the Burgplatz and the twisted spire of the St. Lambertus Basilica. Just a few steps away from the bustling bars, the district opens up to the Rhine Embankment Promenade, offering one of Germany’s most scenic riverfront walks. Whether you’re visiting for a quiet afternoon of museum-hopping or a high-energy night out, the Altstadt perfectly captures Düsseldorf's "work hard, play hard" spirit.
Affectionately known as "Old Shakey". At the spring 1960 air show at Hammar Field's Calif Air National Guard base in Fresno, California.
Affectionately known as "The Thing" in the U.S. which was probably the biggest civilian market for this odd Military derived vehicle, the VW Type 181 was yet another odd Wolfsburg product before they went mainstream with the Golf and Passat etc...
Not styled to impress with its flat slab sided metalwork and basic equipment levels it was designed purely for fun and thus remains an alternative classic to the original Beetle.
This casting dates back many years and originates in the last Golden Era of Matchbox when nearly every new release they brought out was licensed, well detailed and very collectible. Its seen some rather naff recolours over the years but the balance has been restored for its latest 2019 recolour with a very welcome plain pale blue colour and neat tampo detailing to both front and rear.
Part of the very latest E Case which I was lucky enough to source directly from the U.S.
Mint and boxed.
The Uma-Mahesvara is a depiction of the great Hindu god Shiva in an affectionate mode. He holds his wife Uma (also called Parvati) on his left knee, and Nandi, the bull that is the deity’s ‘vehicle,’ rests below them. To Nandi’s right is Ganesha, the couple’s elephant-headed son, and to the left is their other son, Kartikeya. Shiva, the creator and destroyer, is portrayed here in the benign mode in which he grants blessings. Made for a temple exterior, perhaps as part of a frieze, this sculpture was meant to be viewed from the right and below as devotees circled the building. Beautifully fashioned and gracefully sensual, it conveys a sense of the complex sculptural programs of classic Hindu temples in India.
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Shiva, meaning "The Auspicious One"), also known as Mahadeva ("Great God"), is a popular Hindu deity. Shiva is regarded as one of the primary forms of God. He is the Supreme God within Shaivism, one of the three most influential denominations in contemporary Hinduism. He is one of the five primary forms of God in the Smarta tradition, and "the Destroyer" or "the Transformer" among the Trimurti, the Hindu Trinity of the primary aspects of the divine.
Shiva has many benevolent and fearsome forms. At the highest level Shiva is limitless, transcendent, unchanging and formless. In benevolent aspects, he is depicted as an omniscient Yogi who lives an ascetic life on Mount Kailash, as well as a householder with wife Parvati and his two children, Ganesha and Kartikeya and in fierce aspects, he is often depicted slaying demons. Shiva is also regarded as the patron god of yoga and arts.
The main iconographical attributes of Shiva are the third eye on his forehead, the snake Vasuki around his neck, the crescent moon adorning, the holy river Ganga flowing from his matted hair, the trishula as his weapon and the damaru as his instrument.
Shiva is usually worshiped in the aniconic form of Lingam. Temples of Lord Shiva are called shivalayam.
ETYMOLOGY & OTHER NAMES
The Sanskrit word Shiva (Devanagari: शिव, śiva) comes from Shri Rudram Chamakam of Taittiriya Samhita (TS 4.5, 4.7) of Krishna Yajurveda. The root word śi means auspicious. In simple English transliteration it is written either as Shiva or Siva. The adjective śiva, is used as an attributive epithet not particularly of Rudra, but of several other Vedic deities.
The other popular names associated with Shiva are Mahadev, Mahesh, Maheshwar, Shankar, Shambhu, Rudra, Har, Trilochan, Devendra (meaning Chief of the gods) and Trilokinath (meaning Lord of the three realms).
The Sanskrit word śaiva means "relating to the God Shiva", and this term is the Sanskrit name both for one of the principal sects of Hinduism and for a member of that sect. It is used as an adjective to characterize certain beliefs and practices, such as Shaivism. He is the oldest worshipped Lord of India.
The Tamil word Sivan, Tamil: சிவன் ("Fair Skinned") could have been derived from the word sivappu. The word 'sivappu' means "red" in Tamil language but while addressing a person's skin texture in Tamil the word 'Sivappu' is used for being Fair Skinned.
Adi Sankara, in his interpretation of the name Shiva, the 27th and 600th name of Vishnu sahasranama, the thousand names of Vishnu interprets Shiva to have multiple meanings: "The Pure One", or "the One who is not affected by three Gunas of Prakrti (Sattva, Rajas, and Tamas)" or "the One who purifies everyone by the very utterance of His name."Swami Chinmayananda, in his translation of Vishnu sahasranama, further elaborates on that verse: Shiva means "the One who is eternally pure" or "the One who can never have any contamination of the imperfection of Rajas and Tamas".
Shiva's role as the primary deity of Shaivism is reflected in his epithets Mahādeva ("Great God"; mahā "Great" and deva "god"), Maheśvara ("Great Lord"; mahā "great" and īśvara "lord"), and Parameśvara ("Supreme Lord").
There are at least eight different versions of the Shiva Sahasranama, devotional hymns (stotras) listing many names of Shiva. The version appearing in Book 13 (Anuśāsanaparvan) of the Mahabharata is considered the kernel of this tradition. Shiva also has Dasha-Sahasranamas (10,000 names) that are found in the Mahanyasa. The Shri Rudram Chamakam, also known as the Śatarudriya, is a devotional hymn to Shiva hailing him by many names.
The worship of Shiva is a pan-Hindu tradition, practiced widely across all of India, Nepal and Sri Lanka.
ASSIMILATION OF TRADITIONS
The figure of Shiva as we know him today was built up over time, with the ideas of many regional sects being amalgamated into a single figure. How the persona of Shiva converged as a composite deity is not well documented. According to Vijay Nath:
Visnu and Siva [...] began to absorb countless local cults and deities within their folds. The latter were either taken to represent the multiple facets of the same god or else were supposed to denote different forms and appellations by which the god came to be known and worshipped. [...] Siva became identified with countless local cults by the sheer suffixing of Isa or Isvara to the name of the local deity, e.g., Bhutesvara, Hatakesvara, Chandesvara."
Axel Michaels the Indologist suggests that Shaivism, like Vaishnavism, implies a unity which cannot be clearly found either in religious practice or in philosophical and esoteric doctrine. Furthermore, practice and doctrine must be kept separate.
An example of assimilation took place in Maharashtra, where a regional deity named Khandoba is a patron deity of farming and herding castes. The foremost center of worship of Khandoba in Maharashtra is in Jejuri. Khandoba has been assimilated as a form of Shiva himself, in which case he is worshipped in the form of a lingam. Khandoba's varied associations also include an identification with Surya and Karttikeya.
INDUS VALLEY ORIGINS
Many Indus valley seals show animals but one seal that has attracted attention shows a figure, either horned or wearing a horned headdress and possibly ithyphallic figure seated in a posture reminiscent of the Lotus position and surrounded by animals was named by early excavators of Mohenjo-daro Pashupati (lord of cattle), an epithet of the later Hindu gods Shiva and Rudra. Sir John Marshall and others have claimed that this figure is a prototype of Shiva and have described the figure as having three faces seated in a "yoga posture" with the knees out and feet joined.
This claim has been criticised, with some academics like Gavin Flood and John Keay characterizing them as unfounded. Writing in 1997 Doris Srinivasan said that "Not too many recent studies continue to call the seal's figure a 'Proto-Siva'", rejecting thereby Marshall's package of proto-Siva features, including that of three heads. She interprets what John Marshall interpreted as facial as not human but more bovine, possibly a divine buffalo-man. According to Iravatham Mahadevan symbols 47 and 48 of his Indus script glossary The Indus Script: Texts, Concordance and Tables (1977), representing seated human-like figures, could describe Hindu deity Murugan, popularly known as Shiva and Parvati's son.
INDO-EUROPEAN ORIGINS
Shiva's rise to a major position in the pantheon was facilitated by his identification with a host of Vedic deities, including Purusha, Rudra, Agni, Indra, Prajāpati, Vāyu, and others.
RUDRA
Shiva as we know him today shares many features with the Vedic god Rudra, and both Shiva and Rudra are viewed as the same personality in Hindu scriptures. The two names are used synonymously. Rudra, the god of the roaring storm, is usually portrayed in accordance with the element he represents as a fierce, destructive deity.
The oldest surviving text of Hinduism is the Rig Veda, which is dated to between 1700 and 1100 BCE based on linguistic and philological evidence. A god named Rudra is mentioned in the Rig Veda. The name Rudra is still used as a name for Shiva. In RV 2.33, he is described as the "Father of the Rudras", a group of storm gods. Furthermore, the Rudram, one of the most sacred hymns of Hinduism found both in the Rig and the Yajur Vedas and addressed to Rudra, invokes him as Shiva in several instances, but the term Shiva is used as an epithet for the gods Indra, Mitra and Agni many times. Since Shiva means pure, the epithet is possibly used to describe a quality of these gods rather than to identify any of them with the God Shiva.
The identification of Shiva with the older god Rudhra is not universally accepted, as Axel Michaels explains:
Rudra is called "The Archer" (Sanskrit: Śarva), and the arrow is an essential attribute of Rudra. This name appears in the Shiva Sahasranama, and R. K. Sharma notes that it is used as a name of Shiva often in later languages.
The word is derived from the Sanskrit root śarv-, which means "to injure" or "to kill", and Sharma uses that general sense in his interpretive translation of the name Śarva as "One who can kill the forces of darkness". The names Dhanvin ("Bowman") and Bāṇahasta ("Archer", literally "Armed with arrows in his hands") also refer to archery.
AGNI
Rudra and Agni have a close relationship. The identification between Agni and Rudra in the Vedic literature was an important factor in the process of Rudra's gradual development into the later character as Rudra-Shiva. The identification of Agni with Rudra is explicitly noted in the Nirukta, an important early text on etymology, which says, "Agni is also called Rudra." The interconnections between the two deities are complex, and according to Stella Kramrisch:
The fire myth of Rudra-Śiva plays on the whole gamut of fire, valuing all its potentialities and phases, from conflagration to illumination.
In the Śatarudrīya, some epithets of Rudra, such as Sasipañjara ("Of golden red hue as of flame") and Tivaṣīmati ("Flaming bright"), suggest a fusing of the two deities. Agni is said to be a bull, and Lord Shiva possesses a bull as his vehicle, Nandi. The horns of Agni, who is sometimes characterized as a bull, are mentioned. In medieval sculpture, both Agni and the form of Shiva known as Bhairava have flaming hair as a special feature.
INDRA
According to Wendy Doniger, the Puranic Shiva is a continuation of the Vedic Indra. Doniger gives several reasons for his hypothesis. Both are associated with mountains, rivers, male fertility, fierceness, fearlessness, warfare, transgression of established mores, the Aum sound, the Supreme Self. In the Rig Veda the term śiva is used to refer to Indra. (2.20.3, 6.45.17, and 8.93.3.) Indra, like Shiva, is likened to a bull. In the Rig Veda, Rudra is the father of the Maruts, but he is never associated with their warlike exploits as is Indra.
The Vedic beliefs and practices of the pre-classical era were closely related to the hypothesised Proto-Indo-European religion, and the Indo-Iranian religion. According to Anthony, the Old Indic religion probably emerged among Indo-European immigrants in the contact zone between the Zeravshan River (present-day Uzbekistan) and (present-day) Iran. It was "a syncretic mixture of old Central Asian and new Indo-European elements", which borrowed "distinctive religious beliefs and practices" from the Bactria–Margiana Culture. At least 383 non-Indo-European words were borrowed from this culture, including the god Indra and the ritual drink Soma. According to Anthony,
Many of the qualities of Indo-Iranian god of might/victory, Verethraghna, were transferred to the adopted god Indra, who became the central deity of the developing Old Indic culture. Indra was the subject of 250 hymns, a quarter of the Rig Veda. He was associated more than any other deity with Soma, a stimulant drug (perhaps derived from Ephedra) probably borrowed from the BMAC religion. His rise to prominence was a peculiar trait of the Old Indic speakers.
LATER VEDIC LITERATURE
Rudra's transformation from an ambiguously characterized deity to a supreme being began in the Shvetashvatara Upanishad (400-200 BCE), which founded the tradition of Rudra-Shiva worship. Here they are identified as the creators of the cosmos and liberators of souls from the birth-rebirth cycle. The period of 200 BCE to 100 CE also marks the beginning of the Shaiva tradition focused on the worship of Shiva, with references to Shaiva ascetics in Patanjali's Mahabhasya and in the Mahabharata.
Early historical paintings at the Bhimbetka rock shelters, depict Shiva dancing, Shiva's trident, and his mount Nandi but no other Vedic gods.
PURANIC LITERATURE
The Shiva Puranas, particularly the Shiva Purana and the Linga Purana, discuss the various forms of Shiva and the cosmology associated with him.
TANTRIC LITERATURE
The Tantras, composed between the 8th and 11th centuries, regard themselves as Sruti. Among these the Shaiva Agamas, are said to have been revealed by Shiva himself and are foundational texts for Shaiva Siddhanta.
POSITION WITHIN HINDUISM
SHAIVISM
Shaivism (Sanskrit: शैव पंथ, śaiva paṁtha) (Kannada: ಶೈವ ಪಂಥ) (Tamil: சைவ சமயம்) is the oldest of the four major sects of Hinduism, the others being Vaishnavism, Shaktism and Smartism. Followers of Shaivism, called "Shaivas", and also "Saivas" or "Saivites", revere Shiva as the Supreme Being. Shaivas believe that Shiva is All and in all, the creator, preserver, destroyer, revealer and concealer of all that is. The tantric Shaiva tradition consists of the Kapalikas, Kashmir Shaivism and Shaiva Siddhanta. The Shiva MahaPurana is one of the purāṇas, a genre of Hindu religious texts, dedicated to Shiva. Shaivism is widespread throughout India, Nepal, and Sri Lanka, mostly. Areas notable for the practice of Shaivism include parts of Southeast Asia, especially Malaysia, Singapore, and Indonesia.
PANCHAYATANA PUJA
Panchayatana puja is the system of worship ('puja') in the Smarta sampradaya of Hinduism. It is said to have been introduced by Adi Shankara, the 8th century CE Hindu philosopher. It consists of the worship of five deities: Shiva, Vishnu, Devi, Surya and Ganesha. Depending on the tradition followed by Smarta households, one of these deities is kept in the center and the other four surround it. Worship is offered to all the deities. The five are represented by small murtis, or by five kinds of stones, or by five marks drawn on the floor.
TRIMURTI
The Trimurti is a concept in Hinduism in which the cosmic functions of creation, maintenance, and destruction are personified by the forms of Brahmā the creator, Vishnu the maintainer or preserver and Śhiva the destroyer or transformer. These three deities have been called "the Hindu triad" or the "Great Trinity", often addressed as "Brahma-Vishnu-Maheshwara."
ICONOGRAPHY AND PROPERTIES
ATTRIBUTES
Shiva's form: Shiva has a trident in the right lower arm, and a crescent moon on his head. He is said to be fair like camphor or like an ice clad mountain. He wears five serpents and a garland of skulls as ornaments. Shiva is usually depicted facing the south. His trident, like almost all other forms in Hinduism, can be understood as the symbolism of the unity of three worlds that a human faces - his inside world, his immediate world, and the broader overall world. At the base of the trident, all three forks unite.
Third eye: (Trilochana) Shiva is often depicted with a third eye, with which he burned Desire (Kāma) to ashes, called "Tryambakam" (Sanskrit: त्र्यम्बकम् ), which occurs in many scriptural sources. In classical Sanskrit, the word ambaka denotes "an eye", and in the Mahabharata, Shiva is depicted as three-eyed, so this name is sometimes translated as "having three eyes". However, in Vedic Sanskrit, the word ambā or ambikā means "mother", and this early meaning of the word is the basis for the translation "three mothers". These three mother-goddesses who are collectively called the Ambikās. Other related translations have been based on the idea that the name actually refers to the oblations given to Rudra, which according to some traditions were shared with the goddess Ambikā. It has been mentioned that when Shiva loses his temper, his third eye opens which can destroy most things to ashes.
Crescent moon: (The epithets "Chandrasekhara/Chandramouli")- Shiva bears on his head the crescent moon. The epithet Candraśekhara (Sanskrit: चन्द्रशेखर "Having the moon as his crest" - candra = "moon"; śekhara = "crest, crown") refers to this feature. The placement of the moon on his head as a standard iconographic feature dates to the period when Rudra rose to prominence and became the major deity Rudra-Shiva. The origin of this linkage may be due to the identification of the moon with Soma, and there is a hymn in the Rig Veda where Soma and Rudra are jointly implored, and in later literature, Soma and Rudra came to be identified with one another, as were Soma and the moon. The crescent moon is shown on the side of the Lord's head as an ornament. The waxing and waning phenomenon of the moon symbolizes the time cycle through which creation evolves from the beginning to the end.
Ashes: (The epithet "Bhasmaanga Raaga") - Shiva smears his body with ashes (bhasma). The ashes are said to represent the end of all material existence. Some forms of Shiva, such as Bhairava, are associated with a very old Indian tradition of cremation-ground asceticism that was practiced by some groups who were outside the fold of brahmanic orthodoxy. These practices associated with cremation grounds are also mentioned in the Pali canon of Theravada Buddhism. One epithet for Shiva is "inhabitant of the cremation ground" (Sanskrit: śmaśānavāsin, also spelled Shmashanavasin), referring to this connection.
Matted hair: (The epithet "Jataajoota Dhari/Kapardina") - Shiva's distinctive hair style is noted in the epithets Jaṭin, "the one with matted hair", and Kapardin, "endowed with matted hair" or "wearing his hair wound in a braid in a shell-like (kaparda) fashion". A kaparda is a cowrie shell, or a braid of hair in the form of a shell, or, more generally, hair that is shaggy or curly. His hair is said to be like molten gold in color or being yellowish-white.
Blue throat: The epithet Nīlakaṇtha (Sanskrit नीलकण्ठ; nīla = "blue", kaṇtha = "throat"). Since Shiva drank the Halahala poison churned up from the Samudra Manthan to eliminate its destructive capacity. Shocked by his act, Goddess Parvati strangled his neck and hence managed to stop it in his neck itself and prevent it from spreading all over the universe, supposed to be in Shiva's stomach. However the poison was so potent that it changed the color of his neck to blue. (See Maha Shivaratri.)
Sacred Ganges: (The epithet "Gangadhara") Bearer of Ganga. Ganges river flows from the matted hair of Shiva. The Gaṅgā (Ganges), one of the major rivers of the country, is said to have made her abode in Shiva's hair. The flow of the Ganges also represents the nectar of immortality.
Tiger skin: (The epithet "Krittivasana").He is often shown seated upon a tiger skin, an honour reserved for the most accomplished of Hindu ascetics, the Brahmarishis.
Serpents: (The epithet "Nagendra Haara" or 'Vasoki"). Shiva is often shown garlanded with a snake.
Deer: His holding deer on one hand indicates that He has removed the Chanchalata of the mind (i.e., attained maturity and firmness in thought process). A deer jumps from one place to another swiftly, similar to the mind moving from one thought to another.
Trident: (Trishula): Shiva's particular weapon is the trident. His Trisul that is held in His right hand represents the three Gunas— Sattva, Rajas and Tamas. That is the emblem of sovereignty. He rules the world through these three Gunas. The Damaru in His left hand represents the Sabda Brahman. It represents OM from which all languages are formed. It is He who formed the Sanskrit language out of the Damaru sound.
Drum: A small drum shaped like an hourglass is known as a damaru (ḍamaru). This is one of the attributes of Shiva in his famous dancing representation known as Nataraja. A specific hand gesture (mudra) called ḍamaru-hasta (Sanskrit for "ḍamaru-hand") is used to hold the drum. This drum is particularly used as an emblem by members of the Kāpālika sect.
Axe: (Parashu):The parashu is the weapon of Lord Shiva who gave it to Parashurama, sixth Avatar of Vishnu, whose name means "Rama with the axe" and also taught him its mastery.
Nandī: (The epithet "Nandi Vaahana").Nandī, also known as Nandin, is the name of the bull that serves as Shiva's mount (Sanskrit: vāhana). Shiva's association with cattle is reflected in his name Paśupati, or Pashupati (Sanskrit: पशुपति), translated by Sharma as "lord of cattle" and by Kramrisch as "lord of animals", who notes that it is particularly used as an epithet of Rudra. Rishabha or the bull represents Dharma Devata. Lord Siva rides on the bull. Bull is his vehicle. This denotes that Lord Siva is the protector of Dharma, is an embodiment of Dharma or righteousness.
Gaṇa: The Gaṇas (Devanagari: गण) are attendants of Shiva and live in Kailash. They are often referred to as the bhutaganas, or ghostly hosts, on account of their nature. Generally benign, except when their lord is transgressed against, they are often invoked to intercede with the lord on behalf of the devotee. Ganesha was chosen as their leader by Shiva, hence Ganesha's title gaṇa-īśa or gaṇa-pati, "lord of the gaṇas".
Mount Kailāsa: Mount Kailash in the Himalayas is his traditional abode. In Hindu mythology, Mount Kailāsa is conceived as resembling a Linga, representing the center of the universe.
Varanasi: Varanasi (Benares) is considered to be the city specially loved by Shiva, and is one of the holiest places of pilgrimage in India. It is referred to, in religious contexts, as Kashi.
LINGAM
Apart from anthropomorphic images of Shiva, the worship of Shiva in the form of a lingam, or linga, is also important. These are depicted in various forms. One common form is the shape of a vertical rounded column. Shiva means auspiciousness, and linga means a sign or a symbol. Hence, the Shivalinga is regarded as a "symbol of the great God of the universe who is all-auspiciousness". Shiva also means "one in whom the whole creation sleeps after dissolution". Linga also means the same thing—a place where created objects get dissolved during the disintegration of the created universe. Since, according to Hinduism, it is the same god that creates, sustains and withdraws the universe, the Shivalinga represents symbolically God Himself. Some scholars, such as Monier Monier-Williams and Wendy Doniger, also view linga as a phallic symbol, although this interpretation is disputed by others, including Christopher Isherwood, Vivekananda, Swami Sivananda, and S.N. Balagangadhara.
JYOTIRLINGA
The worship of the Shiva-Linga originated from the famous hymn in the Atharva-Veda Samhitâ sung in praise of the Yupa-Stambha, the sacrificial post. In that hymn, a description is found of the beginningless and endless Stambha or Skambha, and it is shown that the said Skambha is put in place of the eternal Brahman. Just as the Yajna (sacrificial) fire, its smoke, ashes, and flames, the Soma plant, and the ox that used to carry on its back the wood for the Vedic sacrifice gave place to the conceptions of the brightness of Shiva's body, his tawny matted hair, his blue throat, and the riding on the bull of the Shiva, the Yupa-Skambha gave place in time to the Shiva-Linga. In the text Linga Purana, the same hymn is expanded in the shape of stories, meant to establish the glory of the great Stambha and the superiority of Shiva as Mahadeva.
The sacred of all Shiva linga is worshipped as Jyotir linga. Jyoti means Radiance, apart from relating Shiva linga as a phallus symbol, there are also arguments that Shiva linga means 'mark' or a 'sign'. Jyotirlinga means "The Radiant sign of The Almighty". The Jyotirlingas are mentioned in Shiva Purana.
SHAKTI
Shiva forms a Tantric couple with Shakti [Tamil : சக்தி ], the embodiment of energy, dynamism, and the motivating force behind all action and existence in the material universe. Shiva is her transcendent masculine aspect, providing the divine ground of all being. Shakti manifests in several female deities. Sati and Parvati are the main consorts of Shiva. She is also referred to as Uma, Durga (Parvata), Kali and Chandika. Kali is the manifestation of Shakti in her dreadful aspect. The name Kali comes from kāla, which means black, time, death, lord of death, Shiva. Since Shiva is called Kāla, the eternal time, Kālī, his consort, also means "Time" or "Death" (as in "time has come"). Various Shakta Hindu cosmologies, as well as Shākta Tantric beliefs, worship her as the ultimate reality or Brahman. She is also revered as Bhavatārini (literally "redeemer of the universe"). Kālī is represented as the consort of Lord Shiva, on whose body she is often seen standing or dancing. Shiva is the masculine force, the power of peace, while Shakti translates to power, and is considered as the feminine force. In the Vaishnava tradition, these realities are portrayed as Vishnu and Laxmi, or Radha and Krishna. These are differences in formulation rather than a fundamental difference in the principles. Both Shiva and Shakti have various forms. Shiva has forms like Yogi Raj (the common image of Himself meditating in the Himalayas), Rudra (a wrathful form) and Natarajar (Shiva's dance are the Lasya - the gentle form of dance, associated with the creation of the world, and the Tandava - the violent and dangerous dance, associated with the destruction of weary worldviews – weary perspectives and lifestyles).
THE FIVE MANTRAS
Five is a sacred number for Shiva. One of his most important mantras has five syllables (namaḥ śivāya).
Shiva's body is said to consist of five mantras, called the pañcabrahmans. As forms of God, each of these have their own names and distinct iconography:
Sadyojāta
Vāmadeva
Aghora
Tatpuruṣha
Īsāna
These are represented as the five faces of Shiva and are associated in various texts with the five elements, the five senses, the five organs of perception, and the five organs of action. Doctrinal differences and, possibly, errors in transmission, have resulted in some differences between texts in details of how these five forms are linked with various attributes. The overall meaning of these associations is summarized by Stella Kramrisch:
Through these transcendent categories, Śiva, the ultimate reality, becomes the efficient and material cause of all that exists.
According to the Pañcabrahma Upanishad:
One should know all things of the phenomenal world as of a fivefold character, for the reason that the eternal verity of Śiva is of the character of the fivefold Brahman. (Pañcabrahma Upanishad 31)
FORMES AND ROLES
According to Gavin Flood, "Shiva is a god of ambiguity and paradox," whose attributes include opposing themes.[168] The ambivalent nature of this deity is apparent in some of his names and the stories told about him.
DESTROYER AND BENEFACTOR
In the Yajurveda, two contrary sets of attributes for both malignant or terrific (Sanskrit: rudra) and benign or auspicious (Sanskrit: śiva) forms can be found, leading Chakravarti to conclude that "all the basic elements which created the complex Rudra-Śiva sect of later ages are to be found here". In the Mahabharata, Shiva is depicted as "the standard of invincibility, might, and terror", as well as a figure of honor, delight, and brilliance. The duality of Shiva's fearful and auspicious attributes appears in contrasted names.
The name Rudra (Sanskrit: रुद्र) reflects his fearsome aspects. According to traditional etymologies, the Sanskrit name Rudra is derived from the root rud-, which means "to cry, howl". Stella Kramrisch notes a different etymology connected with the adjectival form raudra, which means "wild, of rudra nature", and translates the name Rudra as "the wild one" or "the fierce god". R. K. Sharma follows this alternate etymology and translates the name as "terrible". Hara (Sanskrit: हर) is an important name that occurs three times in the Anushasanaparvan version of the Shiva sahasranama, where it is translated in different ways each time it occurs, following a commentorial tradition of not repeating an interpretation. Sharma translates the three as "one who captivates", "one who consolidates", and "one who destroys". Kramrisch translates it as "the ravisher". Another of Shiva's fearsome forms is as Kāla (Sanskrit: काल), "time", and as Mahākāla (Sanskrit: महाकाल), "great time", which ultimately destroys all things. Bhairava (Sanskrit: भैरव), "terrible" or "frightful", is a fierce form associated with annihilation.
In contrast, the name Śaṇkara (Sanskrit: शङ्कर), "beneficent" or "conferring happiness" reflects his benign form. This name was adopted by the great Vedanta philosopher Śaṇkara (c. 788 - 820 CE), who is also known as Shankaracharya. The name Śambhu (Sanskrit: शम्भु), "causing happiness", also reflects this benign aspect.
ASCETIC AND HOUSEHOLDER
He is depicted as both an ascetic yogi and as a householder, roles which have been traditionally mutually exclusive in Hindu society.[185] When depicted as a yogi, he may be shown sitting and meditating. His epithet Mahāyogi ("the great Yogi: Mahā = "great", Yogi = "one who practices Yoga") refers to his association with yoga. While Vedic religion was conceived mainly in terms of sacrifice, it was during the Epic period that the concepts of tapas, yoga, and asceticism became more important, and the depiction of Shiva as an ascetic sitting in philosophical isolation reflects these later concepts. Shiva is also depicted as a corpse below Goddess Kali, it represents that Shiva is a corpse without Shakti. He remains inert. While Shiva is the static form, Mahakali or Shakti is the dynamic aspect without whom Shiva is powerless.
As a family man and householder, he has a wife, Parvati and two sons, Ganesha and Kartikeya. His epithet Umāpati ("The husband of Umā") refers to this idea, and Sharma notes that two other variants of this name that mean the same thing, Umākānta and Umādhava, also appear in the sahasranama. Umā in epic literature is known by many names, including the benign Pārvatī. She is identified with Devi, the Divine Mother; Shakti (divine energy) as well as goddesses like Tripura Sundari, Durga, Kamakshi and Meenakshi. The consorts of Shiva are the source of his creative energy. They represent the dynamic extension of Shiva onto this universe. His son Ganesha is worshipped throughout India and Nepal as the Remover of Obstacles, Lord of Beginnings and Lord of Obstacles. Kartikeya is worshipped in Southern India (especially in Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Karnataka) by the names Subrahmanya, Subrahmanyan, Shanmughan, Swaminathan and Murugan, and in Northern India by the names Skanda, Kumara, or Karttikeya.
Some regional deities are also identified as Shiva's children. As one story goes, Shiva is enticed by the beauty and charm of Mohini, Vishnu's female avatar, and procreates with her. As a result of this union, Shasta - identified with regional deities Ayyappa and Ayyanar - is born. Shiva is also mentioned in some scriptures or folktales to have had daughters like the serpent-goddess Manasa and Ashokasundari. Even the demon Andhaka is sometimes considered a child of Shiva.
NATARAJA
he depiction of Shiva as Nataraja (Tamil: நடராஜா,Kannada: ನಟರಾಜ, Telugu: నటరాజు, Sanskrit: naṭarāja, "Lord of Dance") is popular. The names Nartaka ("dancer") and Nityanarta ("eternal dancer") appear in the Shiva Sahasranama. His association with dance and also with music is prominent in the Puranic period. In addition to the specific iconographic form known as Nataraja, various other types of dancing forms (Sanskrit: nṛtyamūrti) are found in all parts of India, with many well-defined varieties in Tamil Nadu in particular. The two most common forms of the dance are the Tandava, which later came to denote the powerful and masculine dance as Kala-Mahakala associated with the destruction of the world. When it requires the world or universe to be destroyed, Lord Śiva does it by the tāṇḍavanṛtya. and Lasya, which is graceful and delicate and expresses emotions on a gentle level and is considered the feminine dance attributed to the goddess Parvati. Lasya is regarded as the female counterpart of Tandava. The Tandava-Lasya dances are associated with the destruction-creation of the world.
DAKSHINAMURTHY
Dakshinamurthy, or Dakṣiṇāmūrti (Tamil:தட்சிணாமூர்த்தி, Telugu: దక్షిణామూర్తి, Sanskrit: दक्षिणामूर्ति), literally describes a form (mūrti) of Shiva facing south (dakṣiṇa). This form represents Shiva in his aspect as a teacher of yoga, music, and wisdom and giving exposition on the shastras. This iconographic form for depicting Shiva in Indian art is mostly from Tamil Nadu. Elements of this motif can include Shiva seated upon a deer-throne and surrounded by sages who are receiving his instruction.
ARDANARISHVARA
An iconographic representation of Shiva called (Ardhanārīśvara) shows him with one half of the body as male and the other half as female. According to Ellen Goldberg, the traditional Sanskrit name for this form (Ardhanārīśvara) is best translated as "the lord who is half woman", not as "half-man, half-woman". According to legend, Lord Shiva is pleased by the difficult austerites performed by the goddess Parvati, grants her the left half of his body. This form of Shiva is quite similar to the Yin-Yang philosophy of Eastern Asia, though Ardhanārīśvara appears to be more ancient.
TRIRUPANTAKA
Shiva is often depicted as an archer in the act of destroying the triple fortresses, Tripura, of the Asuras. Shiva's name Tripurantaka (Sanskrit: त्रिपुरान्तक, Tripurāntaka), "ender of Tripura", refers to this important story.[216] In this aspect, Shiva is depicted with four arms wielding a bow and arrow, but different from the Pinakapani murti. He holds an axe and a deer on the upper pair of his arms. In the lower pair of the arms, he holds a bow and an arrow respectively. After destroying Tripura, Tripurantaka Shiva smeared his forehead with three strokes of Ashes. This has become a prominent symbol of Shiva and is practiced even today by Shaivites.
OTHER FORMS, AVATARS IDENTIFICATIONS
Shiva, like some other Hindu deities, is said to have several incarnations, known as Avatars. Although Puranic scriptures contain occasional references to "ansh" avatars of Shiva, the idea is not universally accepted in Saivism. The Linga Purana speaks of twenty-eight forms of Shiva which are sometimes seen as avatars. According to the Svetasvatara Upanishad, he has four avatars.
In the Hanuman Chalisa, Hanuman is identified as the eleventh avatar of Shiva and this belief is universal. Hanuman is popularly known as “Rudraavtaar” “Rudra” being a name of “Shiva”. Rama– the Vishnu avatar is considered by some to be the eleventh avatar of Rudra (Shiva).
Other traditions regard the sage Durvasa, the sage Agastya, the philosopher Adi Shankara, as avatars of Shiva. Other forms of Shiva include Virabhadra and Sharabha.
FESTIVALS
Maha Shivratri is a festival celebrated every year on the 13th night or the 14th day of the new moon in the Shukla Paksha of the month of Maagha or Phalguna in the Hindu calendar. This festival is of utmost importance to the devotees of Lord Shiva. Mahashivaratri marks the night when Lord Shiva performed the 'Tandava' and it is the day that Lord Shiva was married to Parvati. The holiday is often celebrated with special prayers and rituals offered up to Shiva, notably the Abhishek. This ritual, practiced throughout the night, is often performed every three hours with water, milk, yogurt, and honey. Bel (aegle marmelos) leaves are often offered up to the Hindu god, as it is considered necessary for a successful life. The offering of the leaves are considered so important that it is believed that someone who offers them without any intentions will be rewarded greatly.
BEYOND HINDUISM
BUDDHISM
Shiva is mentioned in Buddhist Tantra. Shiva as Upaya and Shakti as Prajna. In cosmologies of buddhist tantra, Shiva is depicted as active, skillful, and more passive.
SIKHISM
The Japuji Sahib of the Guru Granth Sahib says, "The Guru is Shiva, the Guru is Vishnu and Brahma; the Guru is Paarvati and Lakhshmi." In the same chapter, it also says, "Shiva speaks, the Siddhas speak."
In Dasam Granth, Guru Gobind Singh have mentioned two avtars of Rudra: Dattatreya Avtar and Parasnath Avtar.
OTHERS
The worship of Lord Shiva became popular in Central Asia through the Hephthalite (White Hun) Dynasty, and Kushan Empire. Shaivism was also popular in Sogdiana and Eastern Turkestan as found from the wall painting from Penjikent on the river Zervashan. In this depiction, Shiva is portrayed with a sacred halo and a sacred thread ("Yajnopavita"). He is clad in tiger skin while his attendants are wearing Sodgian dress. In Eastern Turkestan in the Taklamakan Desert. There is a depiction of his four-legged seated cross-legged n a cushioned seat supported by two bulls. Another panel form Dandan-Uilip shows Shiva in His Trimurti form with His Shakti kneeling on her right thigh. It is also noted that Zoroastrian wind god Vayu-Vata took on the iconographic appearance of Shiva.
Kirant people, a Mongol tribe from Nepal, worship a form of Shiva as one of their major deity, identifying him as the lord of animals. It is also said that the physical form of Shiva as a yogi is derived from Kirants as it is mentioned in Mundhum that Shiva took human form as a child of Kirant. He is also said to give Kirants visions in form of a male deer.
In Indonesia, Shiva is also worshiped as Batara Guru. His other name is "Sang Hyang Jagadnata" (king of the universe) and "Sang Hyang Girinata" (king of mountains). In the ancient times, all kingdoms were located on top of mountains. When he was young, before receiving his authority of power, his name was Sang Hyang Manikmaya. He is first of the children who hatched from the eggs laid by Manuk Patiaraja, wife of god Mulajadi na Bolon. This avatar is also worshiped in Malaysia. Shiva's other form in Indonesian Hindu worship is "Maharaja Dewa" (Mahadeva). Both the forms are closely identified with the Sun in local forms of Hinduism or Kebatinan, and even in the genie lore of Muslims. Mostly Shiva is worshipped in the form of a lingam or the phallus.
WIKIPEDIA
Affectionately remembered by those in Moray as the jet at the Buccaneer petrol garage between Elgin and Lossiemouth, this Buccaneer S.2B has since been rehomed at the Scottish Deer Centre. Captured on the day it was officially unveiled, it's new Fife home is very much a more active presence than it had in Moray.
Have you been to Newington? The warden at the previous church asked.
Well, I did go twice: first time locked, then the next weekend, on heritage weekend, they double booked with a christening and a display of Roman artifacts, and was crowded outside as the service went on inside.
So, I vowed to return later.
And so, although not planned, I returned today, as I was driving through the town, and to my surprside i found the porch door open and two ladies inside doing flower displays.
Can I take photos, as ask?
Yes I can. Apparently.
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A hugely interesting and curiously little known church, although to those familiar with its location it is `the church in the orchards`. Starting life in the Norman period - a delightful capital survives in the south aisle - it was much extended in the thirteenth to fifteenth centuries. The latter is represented by the west tower which shows the familiar local peculiarity of banded flint and ragstone (see also Higham and Cliffe). Inside the enormous church one is struck by the amazing amount of medieval wall painting that survives including a huge doom on the east wall of the north aisle and a rather special Christ in Majesty in a niche in the south aisle. The octagonal font has a spectacular wooden cover dating in the main from the seventeenth century. In the north aisle chapel is a brass which (unusually) commemorates two seemingly unrelated men of the fifteenth century, whilst in the centre of the chancel is an Elizabethan brass showing an affectionate mother - a very rare find. The south chapel contains what purports to be the shrine of St Robert of Newington, the village's own saint. There is no doubt that it is medieval but how it survived the Reformation if it was regarded as a shrine, and just who St Robert was will continue to be a mystery.
www.kentchurches.info/church.asp?p=Newington+next+Sitting...
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NEWINGTON.
THE next parish southward from Halstow is Newington, written in Domesday, Newetone, which certainly took its name from its having been raised on the scite of some more antient town, perhaps built in the time of the Romans, of whom there are many vestigia in and about this place. It has the addition of next Sittingborne, to distinguish it from a parish of the same name next Hyth.
THE PARISH of Newington lies for the most part on a flat plain, extending from east to west near two miles, at the edges of which, excepting towards the north, it is surrounded by a range of high hills, most of which are covered with woods, which reach as far eastward within the boundaries of it as the high road leading from Key-street to Detling. The parish is far from being unpleasant, but the unhealthiness of it, occasioned by its being exposed to the noxious vapours arising from the large tract of marshes covered of it, as far as Standgate creek and the Medway, which are blown hither uninterrupted, through the vale, and the unwholesomeness of the water drawn from the wells for culinary uses, throughout it, make it a far from eligible situation to dwell in, and keep it thin of inhabitants, especially of the better sort; in the centre of the above plain, though on a small rise is the village, called Newington-street, containing about fifty houses, most of them antient and ill built, it is encircled by orchards of apples and cherries. In the street almost opposite to the lane leading southward to Stockbury is the old manor house of Lucies, now inhabited by a shopkeeper, and in another part of it is another oldtimbered building, much of it now in a decayed state, belonging to the estate here of Sir Beversham Filmer; bart. formerly of the Troughton's, and before that the residence of the Holbrook's.
Here was, as appears by a presentment made of the customs, &c. of the queen's manor and hundred of Milton, in 1575, a market, held weekly on a Tuesday, but the disuse of it has been beyond memory. At a small distance northward is the vicarage, and a quarter of a mile further on the parsonage and church, and close to the church-yard the manor-house of Tracies. At no great distance north-west from hence there is a spring, which produces a fresh stream, and runs from thence northward, having a small breadth of swampy poor meadow or marshes on each side, till it empties itself into the creek at Halstow, as has already been mentioned in the description of that parish.
The high road from London to Canterbury and Dover, runs across this parish, and through Newington-street, at a small distance southward from which, in the road to Stockbury, is the manor house of Cranbrooke, and about half a mile further, the ground still rising to it, the hamlet of Chesley-street, corruptly so for Checheley-street, as appears by the will of Robert Bereforth, anno 13 Edward IV. who lies buried in this church, and stiles himself of Checheley-street, devising by it his principal tenement called Frognal, and his other called Patreches, in this parish, to his three daughters and coheirs. On a green close to this hamlet there is a handsome sashed house, built not many years ago by Robert Spearman, esq. lessee of the possessions of Merton college, in this parish, in which he resides.
The parish contains about thirteen hundred acres of land, exclusive of about two hundred acres of wood, great part of it, especially in the environs of the street, was formerly planted with orchards of apples, cherries, and other kind of fruit, but these falling to decay, and the high price of hops yielding a more advantageous return, many of them were displanted, and hops raised in their stead, the scite of an old orchard, being particularly adapted for the purpose, which, with the kindliness of the soil for that plant, produced large crops of it, insomuch that there has been one particular instance here of an acre having grown after the rate of thirtyfour hundred weight of hops on it, but these grounds wearing out, and hops not bearing so good a price, tother with other disadvantages to the growers of them, orchards are again beginning to be replanted in Newington, to which these grounds afford a good nursery, till the trees by their increased size are less liable to hurt, though the hop grounds in it are still very considerable.
The soil of this parish on the plain, and towards Chesley, is very rich and fertile, consisting in general of a kindly loam, near and on the hills it is mostly a stiff clay, and to the northward of the street it becomes a sand, where on the hills it becomes poor land, and much covered with broom and furze. This tract of land called from thence Broomdown, belong most of it, as does much other land in this parish, to All Souls college, as part of their manor of Horsham, in Upchurch; in the parts near Chesley-street, at some depth, they come to the chalk, which by means of draw wells is obtained for the manure of their lands. On the continued chain of hills, from the north-east to the south-east boundaries of this parish, there are large tracts of woodland, in which are great plenty of chesnut stubs, no doubt the indigenous growth of them, these join to others of the like sort, reaching for several miles southward, those in this parish and its neighbourhood, being from the great plenty of the above wood in them, commonly known by the name of Chesnut woods, a large tract of them, within the bounds of this and the adjoining parishes, reaching as far as the turnpike road leading from Key-street to Detling, belong to the earl of Aylesford. The rents in general are high, great part of the lands being let from fifteen to twenty shillings per acre and upwards.
THE ROMAN ROAD, having crossed the river Medway at Chatham, is still visible on the top of Chathamhill, the hedge on the north side of the great road from thence to Rainham standing on it, from which place hither it seems to run on the southern side of the road, till within a very small distance of Newington-street, where it falls in with the great road, and does not appear again till it has passed Key-street, a mile and a half beyond it.
The name of Newington, as has already been mentioned, implies its having been built on, or in the lieu of, some more antient town or village; the names of places in and about it, plainly of Roman original, shew that nation to have had frequent dealings hereabouts. Keycol-hill at the 38th mile stone seems to be the same as Caii Collis, or Caius, Julius Cæsar's hill; Keystreet beyond it, Caii Stratum, or Caius's street; and Standard-hill, about half a mile southward of Newington-street, seems to have taken its name from some military standard having been placed on it in those times.
On Keycol-hill above-mentioned, at a small distance northward from the great road, is a field, in which quantities of Roman urns and vessels have continually been turned up by the plough, and otherwise, and the whole of it scattered over with the broken remains of them, from whence it has acquired the name of Crockfield. The soil of it is mostly sandy, excepting towards the north west part of it, where it consists of a wet and stiff clay.
The situation of this field is on an eminence, higher than the surrounding grounds, commanding a most extensive view on every side of it; a little to the southwest of it, in the adjoining field, there is a large mount of earth thrown up, having a very broad and deep foss on the south and west sides of it, from whence there seems to be a breast-work of earth thrown up, which extends in a line westward about forty rods, and thence in like manner again northward, making the south and western boundaries of the two fields next below Crockfield, above-mentioned.
The greatest part of the northern sides of these fields, and the eastern side of Crockfield, are adjoining to the woods, in which there are many remains of trenches and breast-works thrown up; but the coppice is so very thick, that there is no possibility of tracing their extent or form, so as to give any description of them. These vessels have been found lying in all manner of positions, as well sideways as inverted, and frequently without any ashes or bones in them, quite empty; and this has induced many to think this place to have been only a Roman pottery, and not a buryingplace, especially as some of them lay in that part which is a stiff, wet soil, and others in the dry and sandy part of it.
Notwithstanding which, several of our learned antiquarians, among which are Somner, Burton, archbishop Stillingfleet, Battely, and Dr. Thorpe, are inclined to six the Roman station, called in the second iter of Antonine, Durolevum, at or near this place. Indeed most of the copies of Antonine make the distance from the last station Durobrovis, Rochester, to Durolevum xiii or xvi miles, which would place it nearer to Greenstreet, or Judde-hill, a little on the western side of Ospringe; but the Peutingerian tables make it only vii, in which Mr. Somner seems to acquiesce, and it answers tolerably well to this place. If this distance of miles is correct, no doubt but Newington has every circumstance in its favor, to six this station here, if the number of xvi should be preferred, full as much may be said in favor of Judde-hill, or thereabouts; every other place has but mere conjecture, unsupported either by a knowledge of the country, or by any remains of Roman antiquity ever discovered in or near it.
The urns and vessels found here were first taken notice of in print by the learned Meric Casaubon, prebendary of Canterbury, whom Burton stiles incomparable for his virtues and learning, who, in his notes on his translation of the emperor Marcus Antoninus's Meditations, gives an account of the remains found in Newington, which contains many curious particulars relating to the custom of burial, though of too copious a nature to be wholly inserted in this work.
Among other observations he says, that not only the great numbers of these urns, for he does not remember an instance of so many having been found, in so small a compass of ground, was remarkable, but the manner of their lying in the ground; for those who had been present at the digging of them up observed, that where one great urn had been found, several lesser vessels had been likewise, some of them within the great one, and others round about it, each covered either with a proper cover of the like earth as the pots themselves were, or else more coarsely, but very closely, stopped up with other earth. Hence he infers that the custom seems to have been, to appoint one great urn to contain the bones and ashes of all one houshold or kindred, as often therefore as any of them died, so often they had recourse to the common urn, which was as often uncovered for the purpose.
Besides the great and common urn, it is likely that every particular person that died, had some lesser one particularly dedicated to his own memory, and it is not improbable, that there might be still another use of them, and that not an unnecessary one, which was, that by them the common greater urns might be the better known and distinguished one from another, being so much alike in shape and size, in so small a compass of ground, and so near each other; and it seems more likely, as of the many hundreds of the lesser fort which have been taken up, scarce any have been found of one and the same making. What this place has been many would certainly be glad to know; thus much may at least be concluded, that from the multitude of urns, it was once a common burial-place for the Romans, and that from the situation of it, which is upon an ascent, and for some space beyond it hilly, not far from the sea, and near the highway, it may be affirmed with great probability, that this place was once the seat of a Roman station. (fn. 1) Thus far Mr. Casaubon.
¶The great numbers of urns, and the fragments of them, found at this place from time to time, have been dispersed among the curious throughout the county, many of whom have, through curiosity and a fondness for antiquarian knowledge, dug here for that purpose. The last earl of Winchelsea searched here several times for them with success, and had a numerous collection of them; among others, one of the larger ones, which was dug up here, and held twenty-four pints, came into the hand of Dr. Battely, who says, it was dug up among many urns here, being a vessel not to hold the bones, but to be filled with wine, being pitched on the inside, which was usually done for that purpose. It had four handles, by which it might be plunged into the earth, and raised up again whenever there was oc casion, which was of no use to a sepulchral urn, which there was a religious dread of removing; it being their custom to extinguish the funeral pile with wine, to wash the bones, to sprinkle the sepulchres in their funereal sacrifices, and to pour it out as an offering to the funereal gods.
Another of these urns, which held near a bushel, came into the possession of John Godfry, esq. of Norton-court, and another into the hands of Mr. Filmer Southouse; the figures of each of which may be seen in an engraved plate in the folio edition of this history, vol. ii. p. 562.
EWINGTON is within the ECCLESIASTICAL JURISDICTION of the diocese of Canterbury, and deanry of Sittingborne.
The church, which is dedicated to St. Mary, is a handsome building, consisting of three isles and two chancels, with a square beacon tower at the west end. On the north side of the high chancel is the lower part of a square tower, which reaches at present no higher than the roof of the church, where it has a flat covering. There was some good painted glass formerly in the windows of this church, and among others, the arms of Leyborne, Azure, six lions rampant, three, two, and one, argent; of Northwood; of Lucy, as well with the croslets as without; of Burwash; Diggs impaling Monins; Norton impaling Northwood; Beresford; Diggs; Horne; of the cinque ports; of the see of Canterbury; of archbishops Becket and Warham; of Holbrooke, and of Brooke.
The south chancel of this church belongs to the parish, who keep it in repair. In it were, till within these few years, among many others now defaced, memorials of Brian Diggs and his wife, anno 1490; of Thomas Holbrook, gent, anno 1587; of Francis Holbrook, gent. of this parish, in 1581, and a tomb for Sir John Norton. A stone, with the figure of a woman, and an inscription in brass for Mary Brook, alias Cobham, widow of Edward Brook, alias Cobham, esq. obt. 1600.
Against the north wall of this chancel is a monument for Joseph Hasted, gent. of Chatham, obt. 1732, possessed of a good estate in this parish. His remains, with those of his wife Catherine, daughter of Richard Yardley, gent. lie deposited in one coffin, in a vault under this chancel, in which are likewise the remains of their only son and heir Edward Hasted, esq. of Hawley, near Dartford, obt. 1740; of Anne, his only daughter, widow of captain James Archer, and of George Hasted, gent. obt. 1787, adolescens optimæ spei, the third son of the editor of this history.
The church of Newington was given in the 25th year of Henry II. anno 1178, to the abbey of Westwood, alias Lesnes, in Erith, then founded by Richard de Lucy, which gift was confirmed, among other possessions of that monastery, by king John, in his 7th year.
¶Notwithstanding which the abbot and convent of St. Augustine's, Canterbury, to whom part of the manor of Newington had come in the above-mentioned reign, as has been already related, claimed this church from time to time, as having been given to their monastery by Richard de Lucy above-mentioned. After much dispute, during which Thorne, their chronicler, says, the abbey of St. Augustine kept possession of it, it was at last, by the interposition of their common friends, agreed between them, that the abbot of St. Augustine's should release to the abbot of Lesnes all right to the advowson of this church, for which the latter agreed to make a recompence in other matters, as mentioned in the agreement. (fn. 10) The abbot and convent of Lesnes, having thus gained the firm possession of this church, obtained a confirmation of it from the several succeeding kings, and it remained part of the revenues of their monastery till the final dissolution of it, in the 17th year of Henry VIII. when, being one of those smaller monasteries which cardinal Wolsey obtained of the king that year, for the endowment of his colleges, it was surrendered into the cardinal's hands, to whom the king granted his licence next year, to appropriate and annex this church of Newington, among others, of the cardinal's patronage, to the dean and canons of the college founded by him in the university of Oxford, &c. But this church remained with them only four years, when the cardinal being cast in præmunire, all the estates of the college, which had not as yet been firmly settled on it, were forfeited to the crown.
How long this appropriated church, with the advowson of the vicarage, remained in the crown, I have not found; but at the latter end of queen Elizabeth's reign, it was become part of the possessions of the royal college of Eton, in Buckinghamshire, where it continues at this time.
The parsonage is leased out from time to time on a beneficial lease. The advowson of the vicarage, the provost and fellows keep in their own hands.
The glebe land belonging to the parsonage contains twenty-two acres, and upwards. The family of Short were for many years tenants of it.
The vicarage is valued in the king's books at 14l. per annum, and the yearly tenths at 1l. 8s. It is now of the clear yearly certified value of seventy-two pounds.
In 1578 the dwelling-houses in this parish were seventy-seven. Communicants two hundred and thirty-six. In 1640 it was valued at seventy pounds. Communicants two hundred and five.
The glebe land belonging to the vicarage, consists of only one acre, besides the homestall. The annual value of the vicarage is very precarious, owing to the income of it arising much from fruit and hops, the latter of which have of late years much increased the value of it.
The iconic, affectionate and loyal Bibendum trademark is quite unique as he's well over one hundred years old (debuted at the Lyon Exhibition, France in 1894). The French cartoonist Marius Rossillon, popularly known as O'Gallop, was responsible for the initial representation of Bibendum.
Still used as the 'image' of Michelin tyres, Bibendum has undergone a bit of surgery over the years; when he was first penned in the 19th Century, he was made up of bicycle tyres.
The invention and expansion of the motor car resulted in Bibendum morphing his shape into car tyres. The badges within this photograph illustrate this as the top left badge (c1910) shows Bibendum made up of narrow gauge tyres and the bottom two badges (c1960s) show Bibendum with 'fatter' motor car tyres. Today, Bibendum looks even fitter; changes in tyre technology such as low profiles have been factored into his visual appearance.
Top left: c1910
The copy on this badge reads:
'LE PNEU MICHELIN BOIT L'OBSTACLE: Michelin tyre drinks up obstacles
NUNC EST BIBENDUM: Now is (the time) for drinking
The badge is derived from the famous O'Galop poster of 1898 showing Bibendum raising a glass of road hazards to his inferior competitors.
Top right: c1905
This badge commemorates the 1905 Gordon Bennett Cup (motor racing trophy) held in the Auvergne, near Clermont-Ferrand - the headquarters of Michelin Tyres. The badge depicts Bibendum wearing a Michelin victory sash and raising a golden cup in celebration of victory. The race was won by Frenchman Leon Thery in a 96hp Richard-Brasier car, that ran on Michelin tyres. Victory was even sweeter for Michelin as the first four places were all achieved on their tyres. The Gordon Bennett Cup for motor racing was contested on six occasions between 1900 and 1905.
The Gordon Bennett Cup was established by James Gordon Bennett, Jr., millionaire owner of the New York Herald and the first racing award was claimed in France in 1900. In 1899 Gordon Bennett offered the Automobile Club de France (ACF) a trophy to be raced for annually by the automobile clubs of various countries. The trophy was awarded annually until 1905, after which the ACF held the first Grand Prix motor racing event at the Circuit de la Sarthe, in Le Mans.
Bottom left and right: c1960s
Promotional Michelin badges from the Netherlands showing Bibendum in active 'running mode'.
One of the endearing features of Bibendum is his versatility and adaptability......whether it's riding a bicycle, racing a motorbike, driving a car, inflating a tyre or jovially rolling a tyre down a road.
Photography, layout and design: Argy58
(This image also exists as a high resolution jpeg and tiff - ideal for a variety of print sizes
e.g. A4, A3, A2 and A1. The current uploaded format is for screen based viewing only: 72pi)
See other vintage duos: www.flickr.com/search/?q=duo&m=tags&w=26219140%40...
Models and Photograher: Unknown
I'm getting back to scanning some of my "vintage men" photos. All are from my collection -- Please don't copy or redistribute. Thanks!
VIEW TUTORIAL FOR THIS IMAGE License This Photo Now! Visit My Website
Smiling Couple Relaxing Together on Couchher on white couch, with woman reclining with her head in the man's lap. Horizontal format.
Strobist: 2 Adorama AC master/slave flashes bounced off a white ceiling from the right side of the frame, a third off the ceiling from the left. All flashes were wired for triggering.
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Pondicherry (/pɒndᵻˈtʃɛri/ or /pɒndᵻˈʃɛri/) or Puducherry is a city, an urban agglomeration and a municipality in Puducherry district in the Indian union territory of Puducherry. It is affectionately known as Pondy, and has been officially known by the alternative name Puducherry since 2006. Pondicherry is the regional capital and largest city in the territory.
HISTORY
The history of the City of Pondicherry is recorded only after the arrival of Dutch, Portuguese, British and French colonialists. By contrast, nearby places such as Arikamedu, Ariyankuppam, Kakayanthoppe, Villianur and Bahur, which were annexed by the French East India Company over a period of time and which became the Union Territory of Pondicherry after Independence, have recorded history predating the colonial period.
A marketplace named Poduke or Poduca is recorded as a Roman trading destination from the mid 1st century. The area was part of the Pallava Kingdom of Kanchipuram in the 4th century. The Cholas of Thanjavur held it from the 10th to 13th centuries, only to be replaced by the Pandya Kingdom in the 13th century. The Vijayanagar Empire took control of almost all the South of India in the 14th century and maintained control until 1638 when they were supplanted by the Sultan of Bijapur. The French acquired Puducherry in 1674 and held it, with an occasional interruption by the British or Dutch, until 1954 (de jure 1956), when it was incorporated into the Indian Union along with the rest of French India.
On 18 October 1954 in a general election involving 178 people in Pondicherry Municipal and Commune Panchayat, 170 people were in favor of independence and eight people voted against. On 1 November 1954, Puducherry became part of the union.
However, the formal agreement was signed on 16 August, which is the date celebrated as Independence Day in Puducherry; following the demands of French India, Viduthalai Kaala Makkal Iyyakkam to their current Chief Minister of Puducherry. So 1 November was declared as the Independence Day of Pondicherry and 16 August as the Republic Day.
TOPOGRAPHY
The topography of Pondicherry is the same as that of coastal Tamil Nadu. Pondicherry's average elevation is at sea level, and a number of sea inlets, referred to as "backwaters" can be found.
Pondicherry experiences coastal erosion. The city is protected against the sea by a 2-kilometres long seawall, first completed by the French in 1735, which reaches a height of 27 feet above sea level. A weather-beaten cement plaque with the year 1952 is still visible along a section of the seawall. The seawall is protected from the direct onslaught of waves by rows of granite boulders which are reinforced every year to stop erosion. Whenever gaps appear or the stones sink into the sand, the Government adds more boulders to keep it strong.
TOWN STRUCTURE
Pondicherry city consists of 42 wards. Wards 1-10 are located in north of the city. Wards 11-19 are located in Boulevard Town and remaining wards are located in the southwest of the downtown.
ECONOMY
In 2012, the Ministry of Power inaugurated the Smart Grid project in Puducherry.
Farming around Pondicherry include crops such as rice, pulses, sugarcane, coconuts, and cotton.
CLIMATE
The climate of Pondicherry is classified by Köppen-Geiger system as tropical wet and dry (As), similar to that of coastal Tamil Nadu. Summer lasts from April to early June, when maximum temperatures frequently hit the 41 °C mark. The average maximum temperature is 36 °C. Minimum temperatures are in the order of 28–32 °C. This is followed by a period of high humidity and occasional thundershowers from June till September.
The northeast monsoon sets in during the middle of October, and Pondicherry gets the bulk of its annual rainfall during the period from October to December. The annual average rainfall is 1.240 mm. Winters are warm, with highs of 30 °C and lows often dipping to around 18–20 °C.
DEMOGRAPGICS
At the 2011 India census, Pondicherry had a population of 675,000. Males constitute 50% of the population and females 50%. Pondicherry has an average literacy rate of 76%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 82%, and female literacy is 71%. In Pondicherry, 11% of the population is under 6 years of age.
The majority of Pondicherrians speak Tamil, Telugu, or Malayalam. There is a community of French people in Pondicherry and a number of French institutions such as a consulate, the French Institute, and L'Alliance Française.
There is also a sizable community of Indians from other states of India, notably West Bengal, Gujarat and Odisha.
Tamil and French are the official languages of Pondicherry.
TRANSPORT
Pondicherry is connected to Chennai via the East Coast Road through Mahabalipuram. The Pondicherry Road Transport Corporation runs buses within the city. The Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation operates Volvo air-conditioned services from Chennai to Pondicherry. There are daily bus services from several main stops from Chennai.
From 14 April, as PM N.Modi announces the city to be a Smart City - Pondicherry is now connected by Air India with an ATR aircraft service 6 times a week except Wednesday, its an afternoon service departing from Bangalore returning by evening to Bangalore.
Pondicherry is connected by train to all metros: Chennai, Delhi, Howrah, and Mumbai, as well as other important cities such as Kanyakumari, Pune, Bhubaneshwar, Bangalore and Mangalore. Puducherry Airport has scheduled flights to Bangalore, as well as charter flights and operations of the local flying training school.
TOURISM
Pondicherry is a popular tourist destination in South India. The city has many colonial buildings, churches, temples, and statues which, combined with the systematic town planning and planned French style avenues, still preserve much of the colonial ambiance.
The most popular tourist destinations are the four beaches in Pondicherry, which are Promenade Beach (also known locally as the Rocky Beach), Beach, The Auroville Beach and Serenity Beach. Sri Aurobindo Ashram, located on rue de la Marine, is one of the most well known and wealthiest ashrams in India. Auroville (City of Dawn) is an "experimental" township located 8 km north-west of Pondicherry. It is meant to be a universal town where men and women of all countries are able to live in peace and progressive harmony, above all creeds, all politics and all nationalities.
There are a number of old and large churches in Pondicherry, most of which were built in the 18th and 19th centuries. A number of heritage buildings and monuments are present around the Promenade Beach, such as the Children's Park & Dupleix Statue, Gandhi statue, Nehru Statue, Le Café, French War Memorial, 19th Century Light House, Bharathi Park, Governors Palace, Romain Rolland Library, Legislative Assembly, Pondicherry Museum and the French Institute of Pondicherry at Saint-Louis Street.
Puducherry is also popular for its eateries that cover a wide variety of cuisines ranging from French, Indian and Italian to Mexican, Thai and Chinese. Some restaurants also serve a unique Indo-French cuisine that gives tourists a taste of Puducherry's colonial influences. Most popular eateries include Baker's Street, The White Town Cafe, Zuka, Carte Blanche and La Maison Rose.
Puducherry Botanical Gardens is located south of the New Bus Stand. Chunnambar Backwater resort is situated 8 km from Pondicherry, along the Cuddalore Main Road. This tropical resort is flanked by a quiet-flowing creek on one side. Boating and tree house are very popular.
Arulmigu Manakula Vinayagar Devasthanam on Manakula Vinayagar Street is a famous Hindu temple, which houses Lord Ganesha. Sri Manakula Vinayagar Temple was in existence before the French came and settled in Pondicherry i.e. before 1666. According to Sasthra, Lord GANESHA is named in 16 types based on his various forms, out of which this god facing the east coast near the Bay of Bengal was named as Bhuvaneshar Ganapathy, now called as Manakula Vinayagar. In Tamil, 'Manal' means sand and 'Kulam' means pond near the sea. Earlier, there was full of sand around the pond. So, the people called the god as Manal Kulathu Vinayagar [means God near the pond of sand]. Later, it was named as Manakula Vinayagar.
Thirukaameeswarar Temple is one of the ancient temples located in a rural town called Villianur (the ancient name is Vilvanallur, meaning "vilva marangal niraindha nalla vur"), which is located about 10 km away (towards Villupuram) from Pondicherry town. This temple is renowned as Periya Koil "Big Temple". The prime god is Lord Shiva and the prime goddess is Goddess Kokilambigai. In addition, there are also other Hindu gods such as Murugan, Vinayagar, Thakshanamoorthy, Perumal, Bhramah, Chandikeshwarar, Natarajar, Navagrahah, and 63 Naayanmaars. The pioneers[clarification needed] in this temple say that the age of this temple is about 1000+ years. It is thought to have been built by one of the Chola kings. There is also a huge "temple pond". The "Ther Thiruvizha" (Car Festival) is celebrated at this temple.
Apart from so many sight seeing places for the tourists, there are a number of various bakeries and restaurants that cater to the Europeans taste buds. For others there are many Indian, Continental, Chinese and fast food restaurants to choose from.
WIKIPEDIA
Affectionately referred to as the ‘Downton of the North’, Gawthorpe Hall was redesigned in the 1850s by Sir Charles Barry, designer of the Houses of Parliament and the ‘real’ Downton Abbey, Highclere Castle.
The Avro Canada CF-100 Canuck (affectionately known as the Clunk because of the noise made by the nose gear when retracting), was a Canadian jet fighter serving during the Cold War. It was the only Canadian-designed fighter to enter mass-production. It is not considered to be truly supersonic since it could not exceed the speed of sound in level flight.
In the early 1950s, Canada needed an interceptor able to patrol the vast areas of Canada's north and operate in all weather conditions. The two-seat fighter crewed by a pilot and navigator, was designed with two powerful engines and an advanced radar and fire control system housed in its nose that enabled it to fly in all-weather or night conditions. For its day, the CF-100 featured a short take-off run and high climb rate, making it well suited to its role as an interceptor.
In September 1950, the RCAF ordered 124 Mk 3s; the first of these entered RCAF service in 1953, armed with eight .50-calibre guns. The definitive version, the rocket-armed Mk 4A, housed the much larger APG-40 radar with wingtip pods each containing up to 30 Mighty Mouse FFAR (folding fin aerial rockets) in addition to the guns. The last 54 of an order for the Mk 3 were changed into the Mk 4 in 1954, making a total of 510 Mk 4s.
The aircraft operated under the US/Canadian North American Air Defense Command (NORAD) to protect North American airspace from Soviet intruders. Additionally, as part of NATO, four squadrons were based in Europe with 1 Air Division from 1956 to 1962, and were for some time the only NATO fighters capable of operating in zero visibility and poor weather conditions. Canucks flying at home retained natural metal finish, but those flying overseas were given a British-style disruptive camouflage scheme - dark sea gray and green on top, light sea gray on the bottom as seen in the photo.
53 Canucks served with the Belgian Air Force. Although originally designed for only 2,000 hours' flight life, it was found that the Canuck's airframe could serve for over 20,000 hours before retirement. Consequently, though it was replaced in its front line role by the CF-101 Voodoo, the Canuck served with 414 Squadron of the Canadian Forces at CFB North Bay, Ontario, until 1981, in reconnaissance, training and EW roles. The above photo was taken at the Imperial War Museum's site at RAF Duxford in the summer of 1984.
(DSCN0081CockRockLaneCoORlandmarkflickr011916)
Some more delicate people say Rooster Rock, but nearly everyone snickers anyway.
I'm getting back to scanning some of my "vintage men" photos. All are from my collection -- Please don't copy or redistribute. Thanks!
Marc was a dear friend I met at Stetson University back in 1973, whom I fell madly in love with for a while! Affectionately dubbed "Cabbagehead", Marc even signed the back of his photo with that handle!
The following year, his highschool girlfriend, Sue, came to Stetson, and they were married about a year later. I attended the wedding with my mother, whom I think was disappointed that it wasn't me marrying Marc, since he was one of the only young men I ever knew whom she approved of! We remained friends for a couple of years, but lost touch when I began seeing my ex-husband. Marc and Sue had a little boy, Aaron, who would be about 40 years old now. It's hard to imagine that he is now more than twice as old as his father was in this picture. Life happens fast...
On 30 April 1988 the World Exposition (known as Expo 88) was officially opened by Queen Elizabeth II. In her opening speech she stated:
‘All those who visit it will take away lasting and affectionate memories of the warm welcome extended by the people of Brisbane and Queensland. I say that with great confidence, because each time I come here I am made to feel truly welcome. I am told you like to call your state the Sunshine State – but I prefer to think of it by its original name – “Queen’s Land”.
Celebrating ‘Leisure in the age of technology’, there was an incredible range of pavilions, performances, parades, comedy and artwork on show. Guests could experience over 50 restaurants filled with flavours from around the globe. Hosted over six months, it drew more than 18 million people to the renewed South Bank parklands district. An average of 100,000 people a day entered the gates.
An influx of royalty, celebrities and international visitors came to Brisbane for the exhibition, but it was Queensland residents who attended the most often, purchasing 500,000 season tickets. Expo 88 provided something the city needed: an easy-to-access recreational facility with exciting things to do, see and experience. Brisbanites returned again and again to socialise and enjoy the festival atmosphere.
Find this collection of images from the Royal Visit in our catalogue: www.archivessearch.qld.gov.au/items/ITM436214
World Expositions (or Exhibitions) become increasingly popular after the 1851 Great Exhibition in London, but their frequency, and the standard of their facilities, was not regulated until after the 1928 Paris Convention on International Expositions. The Bureau International des Expositions (BIE) was established in 1931 to administer the Convention. Under BIE rules there are two types of international exposition: the Universal/Category A/General Exposition, and the International/Category B/Special Exposition. The former involves broad themes, and participants design their own pavilions from the ground up, based on the theme.
The International Exposition, which has a narrower theme, is much cheaper to host, and is usually limited to one branch of human endeavour. Participants rent prefabricated pavilions from the host country's committee. Brisbane's Expo 88 was an International Exposition, with the theme "Leisure in the Age of Technology". Most of the structures built on exposition sites are intended to be temporary, but some sites have become parks, incorporating surviving exposition elements, including the sites of Montreal 1967, Seville 1992, Taejon 1993, and Lisbon 1998. Some structures have gone on to become landmarks in their own right, such as the Royal Exhibition Building (Melbourne 1880), the Eiffel Tower (Paris 1889), and the Space Needle (Seattle 1962).
The first bid to bring an exposition to Brisbane in 1988 began with James Maccormick , the architect who had designed the Australian pavilions at Montreal 1967, Osaka 1970, and Spokane 1974. The Brisbane Chamber of Commerce was converted to the idea, and lobbied the Queensland State Government during 1977. However, the Queensland Government was worried about the cost of a Universal Exposition, and was preoccupied with its bid for the 1982 Commonwealth Games. A second Queensland bid was made in 1981. The Australian Bicentennial Authority (ABA), under John Reid, wanted an Universal Exposition in Australia as part of Bicentennial in 1988, and the Federal Government was prepared to fund half of the cost of an exposition in Melbourne or Sydney. However, when these states turned the offer down in January 1981, Reid approached the Queensland Government with a proposal for a cheaper International Exposition. In late 1981 the State Cabinet funded a study that identified South Brisbane as the preferred site. The State Cabinet approved the study on 5 November 1981, on the condition that the Federal Government share the capital costs, but Prime Minister Malcolm Fraser rejected this notion in December 1981.
Queensland made two more attempts in 1982 for an International Exposition. Frank Moore, Chairman of the Queensland Tourist and Travel Corporation (QTTC), believed that private enterprise could fund the exposition, and that it would benefit Queensland's tourism. Queensland's Premier Joh Bjelke-Petersen asked Prime Minister Fraser to get the BIE to keep a slot open for Brisbane in 1988. Fraser was willing to support this proposal, so long as there was no Federal financial commitment. However, Queensland private enterprise was not forthcoming, and Bjelke-Petersen withdrew the proposal in April 1982. November of 1982 witnessed a renewed bid by the State Government. The State would lend money to a statutory authority, which would be tasked with buying and developing the land, and managing the exposition. Brisbane's application was sent to the December 1982 meeting of the BIE in Paris, and was approved in June 1983.
The Brisbane Exposition and South Bank Redevelopment Authority (BESBRA) was established in February 1984 by an Act of the Queensland Parliament. BESBRA was soon referred to in the media as the Expo 88 Authority, or the Expo Authority. Sir Llewellyn Edwards, the Deputy Premier, was appointed as Chairman. In April 1984 the Expo 88 Authority's general manager, Bob Minnikin, claimed that Expo 88 would require $180 million to produce, including resumptions and development, and $90 million to run. It was hoped that gate takings and sponsorship would cover the running costs, and that the development cost would be recouped through selling off the site after Expo 88. Only 13 hectares of the Expo 88 site was private land, with the remainder of the 40 hectares belonging to either the State Government or the Brisbane City Council. Nonetheless, the last resumption did not occur until October 1984, as the owner of the heritage-listed residence 'Collins Place' fought a running legal battle with the Expo 88 Authority.
Grey and Stanley Streets were closed to traffic in July 1985, and demolition work began. Construction of the pavilions started in January 1986. The concept of the Expo 88 architects, Bligh Maccormick 88, included eight large shade-canopies, to protect the public from the Queensland sun. Landscaping began in March 1987, and the Monorail, which would circle the site on a 2.3 kilometre long track, was commissioned in June of that year. By January 1988, $90 million of the $136.8 million construction budget had been spent, and 7.8 million visitors were expected.
During 1987 developers had been asked to present their proposals for Southbank's redevelopment after Expo 88. In February 1988 the State Government announced that the redevelopment plan of the River City 2000 Consortium had been accepted. The Consortium, headed by Sir Frank Moore of the QTTC, had visions of a World Trade Centre on an island, and a casino. However, by early 1988 there was a growing call in the media for more of the site to be turned into public parkland. During March and April 1988 the National Trust protested the River City 2000 Consortium's scheme to move Collins Place, the Plough Inn, and the Allgas Building, three heritage listed buildings, to a historic village. Premier Mike Ahern eventually gave reassurances that this would not happen.
Expo 88 ran for seven days a week, between the hours of 10am-10pm, for six months. Between its opening on 30 April, attended by Queen Elizabeth II, and 30 October 1988, the Expo attracted 15,760,447 visitors, the majority of these being Australians. Most of the international visitors were Japanese, but 100,000 came from the United Kingdom and Europe, with 150,000 visitors from the United States. A total of 36 nations, two international organisations, 14 state and regional governments, and 34 corporations had exhibits.
The pavilions were mostly plain, modular, and temporary. However, the Nepalese Peace Pagoda is a distinctive building, and was easily noticed as the public came through the Vulture Street entrance to Expo 88. The Association to Preserve Asian Culture (APAC) commissioned the Peace Pagoda, which was built by 160 craftsmen of the Kathmandu Valley over two years, before being assembled in Brisbane. It is one of only three such temples outside Nepal, the others being at Munich and Osaka. Nepal has a long history of intricate woodcarving on buildings, and the Peace Pagoda was an attempt to showcase this skill to the world. The two small timber pavilions in front of the Peace Pagoda sold yoghurt lati, samosas, orange juice and lemon tea. Artisans demonstrated their crafts inside the ground floor of the Pagoda, and people could drink their tea and watch the Expo crowds from the teahouse on the first floor. The nearby Nepalese pavilion showcased traditional costumes, climbing dress, photographs, and artefacts.
Expo 88 was a turning point for Queensland's culture and economy, especially in Brisbane. On 30 May 1983 Joh Bjelke-Petersen had noted that if Brisbane's bid were successful, it would focus the world's spotlight on Queensland. Sir Frank Moore believed that the key to developing a major tourist industry in Queensland was a series of hallmark events, including the 1982 Commonwealth Games, which would focus attention on Queensland far better than any advertising campaign. Expo 88 was also intended to start Brisbane on a modernisation process, and towards becoming a 'global' city. The urban renewal of South Brisbane was just one aspect. In April 1984 Sir Llew stated that Queensland would never be the same again after Expo 88, and Brisbane would develop an image as a centre of trade, culture and entertainment. In April 1988 the Courier Mail claimed that Expo 88 was "bridging the yawning gap from a hayseed State to an urbane, international future". Sir Llew also claimed in April 1988 that the aim was for Expo 88 to be a catalyst for a change in lifestyle. Queenslanders had experienced extended opening hours and outdoor café dining, and had liked it.
While the crowds enjoyed Expo 88, controversy continued regarding future plans for the site. There were calls for more public input on redevelopment plans. About 4.5 hectares of land between Stanley Street and the river belonged to the Brisbane City Council (BCC), as Clem Jones Park, and had been lent to the Expo 88 Authority. In June 1988 it was decided to restore this land as parkland, and the River City 2000 Consortium lost its Preferred Developer status.
Government plans for a South Bank Development Corporation were announced, and in July 1988 an interim committee, headed by Sir Llew, was formed to oversee redevelopment. Sir Llew noted in October 1988 that more public funding was necessary to increase the parkland component of the new Southbank, as the land had been earmarked for development to repay for the cost of Expo 88. The draft redevelopment plans released in November 1988 included 12 hectares of parkland. Public submissions on the plan suggested that people wanted to be able to return to the Expo 88 site, to a public facility that had a similar combination of food, art and nature.
At the end of Expo 88, the APAC had planned to sell the Nepalese Peace Pagoda, and it appeared likely that it would be moved to Japan. However, 90,000 people had signed a petition during Expo 88 to keep the Peace Pagoda in Brisbane, and in late 1988 the BCC offered to provide land for the Peace Pagoda, if the Federal Government would pay for its cost and maintenance. A "Save the Pagoda Campaign" was active by February 1989. Public donations eventually totalled $52,000, with $30,000 coming from one couple, who wanted to "give Brisbane something to remember from Expo 88". The BCC provided $50,000, and the Federal Government supplied $100,000. "The Friends of the Pagoda Committee" also raised funds to buy several items that had complemented the Peace Pagoda, including a brass statue of the deity of compassion, a bronze bell and carved stone frame, and a stone lingam.
The Southbank Development Corporation was set up February 1989, with Vic Pullar as the Chairman. Approximately $200 million had been spent on developing the Expo site, and this money had to be recouped. The South Bank Corporation Act was passed in May 1989, and the former Clem Jones Park area was transferred to the Southbank Corporation, which was tasked with managing a new parkland precinct. In June 1989 submissions were sought from five architectural firms, and in August the "Media Five" concept of a mixed residential, commercial, and parkland development was chosen. Under Media Five's plans, the Peace Pagoda would be moved to the northern part of the parklands. The Media Five Chairman, Desmond Brooks, also suggested that Collins Place, the Plough Inn and the Allgas Building be removed to a historic village, but Vic Pullar rejected this idea. However, when the Southbank Corporation's Draft Development Plan was released in November 1989, it proposed to only keep the facades of the historic buildings. After protests by the National Trust, the State Government overruled the Southbank Corporation.
The proposed redevelopment included a waterway through the park, and a large lagoon, which was later downsized. In March 1990 the Final Plan was presented, after public submissions, and site redevelopment started in July 1990. The official Southbank Parklands opening occurred on 20 June 1992. The Waterway was later filled in and replaced with the Energex Arbour, which was officially opened in March 2000.
The transfer of the Peace Pagoda to its current site started on 24 September 1991. The deity of compassion was moved from the first floor to a glass case on the ground floor, the sides of the ground floor were encased in glass, and a display case was added inside. Access to the first floor was sealed off. The two smaller pavilions were also transferred, but their service windows were locked up. Two lion statues and two elephant statues were also relocated. The building was originally designed to be demountable, but it is currently set in a ceramic tiled floor. The Peace Pagoda was one of the best-loved exhibits at Expo 88, as visitors were able to relax in it away from the bustle of the crowds. Today it is still popular, both with tourists, and those who go there to meditate and reflect.
Despite late entrants into the Exposition due to domestic political measures, World Expo 88 attracted some 100 pavilions, from 52 governments, of which 36 were from international-level, and numerous corporate participants. Major western and European nations were represented such as the United States, the Soviet Union (last representation at a World Exposition), France, West Germany (also last representation at a World Exposition), the United Kingdom, Canada, Spain and Greece, as well as major Asian countries such as Singapore, Thailand, Nepal, Pakistan, China, Japan, Sri Lanka, South Korea, Indonesia, and the Philippines, and amongst others. Close neighbouring countries, New Zealand and Papua New Guinea were also represented.
State-level and multi-lateral organisations included the six Australian states, the United Nations, the European Union, Vatican City, three American states (Hawaii, California and Alaska), one Japanese prefecture (sister state of Queensland, Saitama Prefecture), and one Japanese city (Brisbane's sister city Kobe City).
Corporate pavilions included IBM, Ford, Fujitsu, Queensland Newspapers, Australia Post, Cadbury Chocolate, Suncorp, and the Queensland Teachers Credit Union. NASA and Universal Studios hosted outdoor exhibits, with models of the space shuttle and Apollo program, as well as the car KITT from the TV series Knight Rider. Also having its own pavilion was the official Australian TV partner of the Expo, Network Ten, via its Queensland station TVQ, whose news studios were located there for public tours and during the Expo also switched channel frequencies in September (from channel 0 to channel 10) in line with the other state channels.
The most expensive pavilion was Japan (A$26 million), followed by the Queensland Pavilion (A$20 million) and the Australia Pavilion (A$18 million). The largest Pavilions were also Queensland,[6] followed by Australia then Japan.
High Definition TV received its Australian premiere at the Japan Pavilion, and the text-based Internet at the Swiss Pavilion. At the University pavilion the world's longest lab experiment was on display. The pitch drop experiment, which features tar pitch slowly dripping through a funnel at a rate of nine drops in 81 years, actually made an unseen drop while on display.
Affectionately known as 'Billy' at the ELR, 4002 is one of a pair of Hudswell Diesel-Electrics which were used by the Manchester Ship Canal Company as part of their extensive fleet operating around Trafford Park.
The pair were numbered 4001/2 at the MSC. Sister loco 4001 also survived for many years as a static non-operational exhibit at the Winfields Store site at Acre Village (between Haslingden and Accrington) however the loco was cut up in 2018 as it was in a poor state.
Affectionately called “Big John” by Chicagoans, John Hancock Center stands out as a bold feature of the Chicago skyline. When completed in 1969, it was just the third building in the world to be taller than 1000 feet tall (and the first outside of New York) and the first trussed-tube skyscraper ever built. The 100-story, 1,127 foot tall skyscraper has 18-story-long steel braces criss-crossing the tapering obelisk tower like stacked Xs. These braces eliminate the need for inner support beams by and allowing the skin to function as part of the tubular system, granting additional floor space for use. The building tapers on all four sides, narrowing by a total of 105 feet on the east & west sides and 65 feet on the north & south. The slope of the windows helps to reduce the feeling of vertigo for people looking out of high floors.
Popularly claimed to have been the only surviving structure after the Great Chicago Fire of 1871, the Chicago Water Tower and Pumping Station was built in 1869 by architect William W. Boyington. While it was one of the only buildings within the fire district to survive, much of the city south of the Chicago River survived. The Tower and Pumping Station is constructed of dolomitic limestone from Joliet, Illinois. Built in a castellated Gothic architectural style, the tower has a 154 foot tall tower which originally hid a 138 foot tall standpipe used to keep water flowing. The design of the tower is said to have inspired the design of the exterior facade of White Castle brand restaurants.
Water Tower Place is the name given to an adjoining shopping mall and skyscraper. The tower is a 74-story 859 foot concrete slab. It contains an award winning Ritz-Carlton hotel, office space, and a retail base fronting North Michigan Avenue. The mall takes up 8 floors and has over 100 stores.
The Old Chicago Water Tower District was designated designated a landmark by the Chicago Department of Planning and Development October 6, 1971.
Chicago Water Tower National Register #75000644 (1975)
April 4, 2019
Yellow rumped warbler (Setophaga coronata) or affectionately, a "butter butt" - flashing his yellow rump!
Brewster, Massachusetts
Cape Cod - USA
Photo by brucetopher
© Bruce Christopher 2019
All Rights Reserved
...always learning - critiques welcome.
Tools: Canon 7D & iPhone 6s.
No use without permission.
Please email for usage info.
---- looking for Lady Florence .... ----
The mausoleum of Lady Florence Trevelyan, and Mrs. Maria.
Mrs. Maria, nice and very kind person, is the owner and affectionate guardian of the mausoleum where lie the mortal remains of Lady Florence (location "Francisi" Castelmola). (Originally the tomb of Florence was about 50-100 meters from here, looking like a tomb from the Roman era, then partly collapsed, perhaps following the terrible earthquake of Messina in 1908 ).
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Il mausoleo di Lady Florence Trevelyan, e la signora Maria.
La signora Maria, persona squisita e gentilissima, è la proprietaria e custode affezionatissima del mausoleo dove giacciono le spoglie mortali di Lady Florence (località "Francisi", Castelmola). (Originariamente la tomba di Florence si trovava a circa 50-100 metri da qui, assomigliante ad una tomba di epoca romana, come se ne trovano diverse nei dintorni di Taormina, successivamente in parte crollò, forse in seguito al terribile terremoto di Messina del 1908).
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This is a short and long collection of photographs, almost all made in Taormina (Sicily), and is divided into two parts: the first part I have included a few pictures, I put a few moments I catched in the alleys of the small Sicilian town, in the second part (the first to appear on Flickr) in which I tried to rebuild and at the same time to remember the singular feminine figure of Lady Florence Trevelyan, an English noblewoman, lover of art, botany, ornithology, travels, the arts magical and esoteric; she loved animals, but actively helped a lot of people; Taormina is to her that owes much of its luck; this Lady, hosting famous people of the time, contributed not a little to make known the beauty of this village Siculo to the whole world (and she improved and embellished much Taormina).
Lady Florence was born in Hallington On February 7, 1852, but soon became an orphan at the age of two years (his father committed suicide in 1854); his mother Catherine Anne was the maid of honor of Queen Victoria: the Queen which became attached enormously to Florence, and the Queen loved her like a true daughter. Florence at age 27, in 1879 was forced to leave everything to face a long journey lasting more than two years (Lady Florence fell prey to the notorius charms of the future Edward VII, who was already married; this sort of thing never went over well with Victoria, so Florence was asked to leave England). Lady Florence returned to his homeland for a short period, to be again driven out for an exiled perennial: She never returned to England (though, a generous monthly annuity was given hers on the orders of the Queen Victoria). Florence traveled widely, reached India, went to Burma, arrived in Australia she performed as a singer, and then finally arrive in February 1884 in Taormina: here you will stay until the end of his life (she died October 4, 1907 ). At Taormina she met the then mayor, the rich prof. Salvatore Cacciola, doctor, passionate student and Grand Master of Freemasonry: it is said that Lady Florence fell in love when she sought his help to cure "Sun", one of his dogs; from here to their wedding was a short step.
Lady florence bought several lots of land, created the current Public Garden of Taormina, planted olive trees, cypresses, exotic trees, and built those features buildings in oriental style; She bought by the former mayor the "Isola Bella" (She built an house and She planted trees and exotic plants, Mediterranean pines, as well as the inevitable cypress); She bought many arid and barren lands around Taormina (Mount Venus, Monte Croce, Monte Porretta) and they become rich in vegetation, with many farmers she had taught the art of the English garden. Many people went knocking to her door, in financial difficulties, usually farmers and fishermen (also Oscar Wilde, disgraced by charges of homosexuality, received financial aid from Lady Florence), She made a major sewing school for young girls of Taormina, and instituted for their 87 wedding dowries. Fate was once again mocking her: the only child she had named Edward, died in childbirth. It was in use at the time, bathing in bathtubs filled with cold water of the sea (even the photographer Von Gloeden was addicted to this habit), but this proved fatal, Lady Florence died of pneumonia at the age of 55. For her express wish, She was buried in a district of Castelmola (accompanied by large numbers of Sicilian people, it tells of an endless line, to the sound of "ciaramelle", which reminded her bagpipes of her distant Scotland), district called "Francisi" in her memory (this term according to a medieval custom). In her will, Lady Florence forced heirs not to hunt in his vast possessions, not to build, and to accept and to help dogs and birds. Lady Florence was the first woman (not only in Sicily) to be allowed to be part of Freemasonry.
The writer Guido Gozzano, was inspired by Lady Florence, when he wrote the novel "Alcina".
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Questa è una raccolta di fotografie breve e lunga, quasi tutte realizzate a Taormina (Sicilia), raccolta che ho diviso in due parti: nella prima parte ho inserito alcuni ritratti, ho messo alcuni momenti colti nei vicoli del piccolo paese Siciliano, nella seconda parte (la prima ad apparire su Flickr) ho tentato di ricostruire, ed al contempo ricordare, la singolarissima figura di Lady Florence Trevelyan, una nobildonna Inglese amante dell'arte, della botanica, della ornitologia, dei viaggi, delle arti magiche ed esoteriche; lei, che fu una convinta animalista ante litteram, non si limitò ad amare solo gli animali, ma aiutò fattivamente persone di ogni ceto sociale, ebbe ricchezze ma al tempo stesso pagò prezzi altissimi in sofferenza e dolore: Taormina deve a lei molta della sua fortuna, poichè questa Lady, ospitando nei suoi possedimenti illustri e famosi personaggi dell'epoca, contribuì non poco a far conoscere al mondo intero le bellezze di questo paesino Siculo (ella stessa migliorò ed abbellì ancor più Taormina).
Lady Florence nacque in quel di Hallington il 7 febbraio del 1852, divenne ben presto orfana all'età di due anni ( il padre morì suicida nel 1854); sua mamma Catherine Anne era la dama di compagnia della regina Vittoria, la quale regina si affezionò enormemente a Florence, sì da amarla come una vera figlia. All'età di 27 anni, nel 1879 venne imposto a Florence di lasciare l'Inghilterra per affrontare un lungo viaggio, che sarà della durata di più di due anni (si ipotizza per farle dimenticare una relazione che non sarebbe mai dovuta accadere, col figlio della regina Vittoria, il futuro re Edoardo VII, che a quel tempo era già sposato; sembra che non sia stata affatto la gelosia della moglie di Edoardo, bensì la rigidità della madre Vittoria a decretarne l'esilio). Lady Florence dopo questo primo viaggio ritornò nella sua Inghilterra, ma vi restò ben poco, infatti dopo un brevissimo periodo Lady Florence venne nuovamente allontanata in esilio, e questa volta lo sarà per sempre: Florence non ritornerà mai più nella sua Inghilterra (un generoso vitalizio mensile le fu dato comunque su ordine della stessa Regina Vittoria, ovvio che ciò le fu indispensabile, essendo così lontana da casa). Florence viaggiò molto, raggiunse l'India, andò in Birmania, giunta in Australia si esibì come cantante, per poi infine giungere nel febbraio del 1884 a Taormina: qui vi resterà fino all'ultimo dei suoi giorni (lei morirà il 4 ottobre 1907). A Taormina ebbe modo di conoscere l'allora sindaco, il ricco prof. Salvatore Cacciola, medico, appassionato studioso e Gran Maestro della Massoneria: si racconta che Lady Florence se ne innamorò quando lei cercò l'aiuto del medico per curare "Sole", uno dei suoi cani; da qui al loro matrimonio, il passo fu breve.
Lady florence acquistò numerosi lotti di terreno, realizzò l'attuale Giardino Pubblico, vi piantò ulivi, cipressi, alberi esotici, costruì quelle caratteristiche costruzioni in stile birmano-orientale; acquistò dall'ex sindaco L'Isola Bella (vi costruì una casetta, e l'Isola, che altro non era che un ammasso brullo di scogli, divenne rigogliosa come la vediamo oggi, vi piantò alberi e piante esotiche, pini mediterranei, nonchè gli immancabili cipressi, così presenti in quasi tutta la cittadina); acquistò numerosi terreni intorno a Taormina (Monte Venere, Monte Croce, Monte Porretta) sicchè da aridi e brulli che erano, li fece diventare ricchi di vegetazione (infatti aveva al soldo numerosi contadini ai quali aveva insegnato l'arte del giardino all'Inglese). Alla sua porta andarono a bussare numerose persone in difficoltà economiche, in genere contadini e pescatori, mai fu chiusa loro la porta... (anche Oscar Wilde, caduto in disgrazia per l'accusa di omosessualità, ricevette un aiuto finanziario dalla Lady); realizzò una importante scuola di cucito per le giovanette di Taormina, dando loro la possibilità di potersi mantenere da sole; istituì 87 doti di matrimonio per le ragazze Taorminesi (all'epoca una ragazza senza dote non aveva molte possibilità di formarsi una famiglia). Il destino infine fu ancora una volta beffardo con lei: l'unico figlio che lei ebbe, di nome Edoardo, morì durante il parto, il padre era un medico, tentò di rianimarlo, ma non ci fu nulla da fare. Era in uso all'epoca, fare bagni nelle vasche da bagno ricolme di acqua gelata di mare (anche il fotografo Von Gloeden era dedito a tale usanza, ma lui usava immergersi in acqua di mare calda, riuscendo a trovare in questa forma di talassoterapia una cura per la tisi, della quale era affetto): questa usanza fu fatale a Lady Florence, che morì di broncopolmonite a 55 anni di età. Per suo esplicito desiderio, la Trevelyan fu seppellita in una contrada di Castelmola (accompagnata da tantissima gente del luogo, si racconta di una fila interminabile di persone, al suono delle zampogne, che le ricordavano le cornamuse della sua lontana Scozia); la contrada dove fu seppellita (in quella la Lady aveva un'altra dimora), fu chiamata "Francisi" in sua memoria (tale termine indicava, secondo una usanza medioevale, una generica provenienza straniera, qualinque essa fosse). Nel suo testamento Lady Florence obbligò gli eredi a non cacciare nei suoi vasti possedimenti, a non costruire, ad accogliere e curare cani ed uccellini. Lady Florence fu la prima donna ad essere ammessa a fare parte della massoneria. Importò in Sicilia les tableaux vivants (i quadri viventi) e anche le sfilate dei carri in fiori a Palermo. Lo scrittore Guido Gozzano scrisse il romanzo "Alcina" ispirandosi a Lei.
Megan veio da casa da amada @Mari Assman junto com a Balin para alegrar nossa casinha! Totalmente apaixonada por ela! Muito obrigada, amada, por essa grande oportunidade! 💗 💗
Lottie is Lulu's sister and is the complete opposite - she is a big sleek cat with an easy going and generous nature, very laid back and affectionate and a mother figure to all our other cats. Bramble adores her.
This is my little cat Nikki.
As a kitten, she affectionately followed Christie around during a work related visit to a farm in Alexandria, Ont. Christie came home armed that day with a snap shot of herself holding a tiny grey cat that she couldn't stop thinking about, and really wanted to bring home. I was having none of it as I had concerns about our other cat, Coco, potentially having a social conflict with bringing a new cat into her space.
A few short days later, Christie couldn't take it anymore and arranged to adopt the cat with the farmer. When I got home that day, I came home to a scrawny, dirty & very sick looking poor little cat. Over the few days that passed between Christie's visit & going back, the little kitten had become very ill and had been sleeping under cows in a barn, getting covered in urine and feces in the process. She had a very bad sinus & respiratory infection infection, and could barely breathe. When I saw the litle cat, barely able to move and struggling to breathe, my heart simply melted, and I slept that night on the floor curled up with my arms wrapped around her as I did not think that she would make it through the night. She struggled through, but managed to make it to the vet where she was quickly diagnosed with having, well, everything from worms to infections, fleas & ticks, as well as FIV.
The vet advised us that as she was FIV positive (the feline equivalent of HIV), she would have a very deficient immune system, and most likely would not recover from her illnesses as her poor little body was too far gone to come back. The vet also advised that if by some magic the little kitten did recover, she would have permanent damage to her sinus cavity and would not be able to breathe properly. Christie had to take the chance, and decided to try an aggressive antibiotic to see if she could be saved. She also needed to be quarantined to avoid making Coco sick, so we set her up in the office room where I work on photos.
Over the next few weeks, a rollercoaster ride of ups & downs finally led to her immune system kicking in, and she slowly but surely started to get better. Over the span of 4 months, she slowly went from sickly kitten, to a rambunctious and joyful cat, all the while spending lots of time curled up on my lap and soaking up the love. Once the 4 months were up, we were advised that Coco and she could meet, and finally be set free to explore her new home.
Today, Nikki's FIV is in check, and she is a happy, healthy kittie. She is a hyper affectionate cat that is always full of energy, and wants to run about at nearing mach like speeds (unless she is napping somewhere next to me). She adores having her tummy rubbed, meeting new people, and even drools a little when I rub her chin :)
Mamiya C330f
80mm F2.8
Pan F plus
HC-110
St Editha, Tamworth, Staffordshire.
Memorial Window (detail), 1919.
By Henry Holiday (1839-1927).
To the Glory of God and in affectionate memory of The Hon. Maurice Berkeley Peel, BA MC. Vicar of this Parish 1915-1917. Who when Chaplain to the Forces in France was killed while tending the wounded, May 14, 1917.
Henry George Alexander Holiday entered the Royal Academy Schools at the age of 15 and was soon drawn to the ideas, and the artists, of the Pre-Raphaelite movement. He succeeded Edward Burne-Jones as the chief designer for the stained glass firm James Powell & Sons in 1863 and his style had a long-lasting effect on their production into the 1920s. Some of his windows were made by Lavers & Barraud and Heaton, Butler & Bayne, and after eventually ending his association with Powells, he established his own workshop in 1890. From about 1900 he even made his own glass at the workshop. His later work was made at the Glass House, Fulham.
Henry Holiday also worked as a painter, illustrator and sculptor, and his broad range of interests led to involvement in the campaign for Irish Home Rule, women's suffrage and dress reform.
On 30 April 1988 the World Exposition (known as Expo 88) was officially opened by Queen Elizabeth II. In her opening speech she stated:
‘All those who visit it will take away lasting and affectionate memories of the warm welcome extended by the people of Brisbane and Queensland. I say that with great confidence, because each time I come here I am made to feel truly welcome. I am told you like to call your state the Sunshine State – but I prefer to think of it by its original name – “Queen’s Land”.
Celebrating ‘Leisure in the age of technology’, there was an incredible range of pavilions, performances, parades, comedy and artwork on show. Guests could experience over 50 restaurants filled with flavours from around the globe. Hosted over six months, it drew more than 18 million people to the renewed South Bank parklands district. An average of 100,000 people a day entered the gates.
An influx of royalty, celebrities and international visitors came to Brisbane for the exhibition, but it was Queensland residents who attended the most often, purchasing 500,000 season tickets. Expo 88 provided something the city needed: an easy-to-access recreational facility with exciting things to do, see and experience. Brisbanites returned again and again to socialise and enjoy the festival atmosphere.
Find this collection of images from the Royal Visit in our catalogue: www.archivessearch.qld.gov.au/items/ITM436214
In Affectionate Remembrance of
NORMAN HEGGIE,
DIED 20th JUNE 1886, AGED 75 YEARS.
ALSO OF HIS GRAND-CHILDREN,
CISSY,
DIED 20th APRIL 1879, AGED 16 MONTHS.
ISABEL,
DIED 3rd MAY 1887, AGED 2 YEARS & 4 Mths.
JESSIE,
DIED 30th JUNE 1887, AGED 7 YEARS.
NORMAN,
DIED 23rd NOVEMBER 1887, AGED 5 YEARS.
GERTRUDE,
DIED 5th OCTOBER 1890, AGED 9 MONTHS.
CHARLES,
DIED 26th DECEMBER 1890, AGED 1 YEAR.
ALSO HELEN, BELOVED WIFE OF
WALTER HEGGIE,
DIED 11th APRIL 1922, AGED 64 Years.
OH TO BE AT REST.
ALSO WALTER SCOTT HEGGIE,
DIED 14th JANUARY 1949, AGED 98 YEARS.
REUNITED.
Affectionately known as the "sausage plane", this food cart is a popular fixture between the two terminals. Smokey Joe's serves up its signature curry sausages – red or white – served Munich, Berlin or Ruhr style. Each sauce can be ordered in a classical, medium hot or hot version. To wash down the hearty snack, there is a choice of regional beers and various soft drinks. Source: www.munich-airport.com