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Semaphore Wesleyan Church 1867 now the Semaphore Uniting Church
Methodism in the Semaphore dates from about 1865, when preaching services and a Sunday school were held in a small building situated near where Hall Street and Woolnough Road now intersect. The little building was also used as a schoolroom, and was attached to the North Adelaide circuit.
The father of the present church, erected in 1867, was the late Rev C T Newman who was indefatigable in his work and visitation among the scattered population on the Peninsula side of the water.
Mr W Deverall was the honorary architect of the church, which cost approximately £650.
In 1877 increased accommodation had to be provided and the transepts to the church were built, and also a commodious stone schoolroom running east and west at the back of the church, the total cost being £1,500. [Unfortunately a sad mistake was made in continuing the low plastered ceiling in the old church over the new transept and schoolroom, instead of leaving a roof lined with pine. This had to be paid for in later years when the organ was installed.]
In 1884 the interior of the church was reconstructed. £450 was spent in buying new land and a cottage, and the handsome pedal organ and engine were erected at a cost of £650. Later the shop on the corner was bought for £600.
During Mr W L Rofe’s tenure of office as Sunday School Superintendent six new classrooms and offices were erected, at a cost of £900. Towards which the Sunday School raised £600.
The parsonage for many years was in Semaphore Road, but two years ago another property was secured in Woolnough Road. Last year an electric blower for the organ was installed, and a fine up-to-date gymnasium hall was erected and equipped.
The total cost of the valuable pile of buildings and land (including parsonage) is approximately £8,000.
In the church is a fine Roll of Honour, containing the names of over 100 who enlisted during the Great War, nineteen of whom made the supreme sacrifice. [Ref: Pictorial Historical Souvenir Back to Semaphore January 1930 by Captain R W Osborne]
The owner of the original building (about 20 x 14) used by the church was Mrs Harvey. At this time LeFevre Peninsula was a dreary waste of spinifex, reeds, and drifting sand.
From March till July 1867, trustee meetings were held in the old Port Adelaide Methodist schoolroom, and attendees included the Rev C T Newman, and W Deverall. At these meetings the purchase of land and the erection of a building were decided upon, the honorary architect being Mr Deverall, and £100 cash being in hand. Unfortunately there is a gap in the minute book between 1867 and 1873, memoranda having been mutilated and lost without entry.
An old resident records as follows: The "revival" under the ministry of the Rev Jas Reid is brought vividly to mind. The district was wild with excitement. Such scenes took place as would hardly be credited were they here described. The little church was open every night, sometimes till midnight, as the people would not leave. The feeling ran so high that the building was commonly known as "The Little Glory”. [Ref: Australian Christian Commonwealth (SA) Semaphore Methodist Church Jubilee 1867–17 by EGS. 14-9-1917]
Built in 1867 of Melbourne bluestone sent as ballast in the wheat ships, it was first church on LeFevre Peninsula. Repeated extensions have produced a massive complex.
In 1903 a handsome organ was installed necessitating the raising of the transept ceiling. Sensitive extensions contribute to the architecture of the original building.
*Semaphore Uniting Church was built in 1867 as a Methodist Church. The beautiful bluestone came from the ballast that came from wheat ships during the 1800s.
Our pipe organ, built in 1870 in England, fell into disrepair for many years, but a generous donation allowed it to be restored to its former glory. The organ is now regularly used in our Sunday worship services.
Semaphore Methodist Church purchased the organ for 275 pounds, and an additional 254 pounds was charged for cartage and installation. It was unveiled on September 15, 1903.
The organ was built by P C Conacher and Co, Huddersfield, England. It has three keyboards, each with 56 notes, and the pedal board contains 30 notes. There are 17 speaking stops, five couplers and a total of 986 pipes. The largest pipes are approximately 8 feet long and the smallest pipes are half an inch. An electric blower was installed in 1929.
During the power restricts of the war years, the young men of the church were called upon to power the organ, but they were unable to sustain sufficient power to allow the pedal organ to be used. Ref: The Uniting Church in Australia, Semaphore. [Ref: Church website]
On Tuesday evening the unveiling of the new organ in the Methodist Church, Semaphore, was performed in the church by Mrs John Dunn, of Mount Barker.
The desire to sustain the psalmody of the church, combined with a decision to perpetuate the memory of two of the honoured church officers, Messrs. George Shorney and John Burton, resulted in the erection of a beautiful three manual memorial organ. The compass of the organ is well suited to the church, whilst, its tonal facilities are good, some of the stops being exceptionally fine for an instrument of the size. The case, which is of solid English walnut, is probably one of the most chaste and beautiful in the State. Mr T H Jones, Mus. Bac. expressed himself as highly pleased with the action of the instrument, and was loud in his praise of the manner in which Mr Dodd (the builder) carried out the work of erecting it. He then gave an organ recital in his usual finished style, and he succeeded in showing to the greatest advantage the possibilities of the instrument. [Ref: Express and Telegraph (Adelaide)Wednesday 16-9-1903]
The thirty-seventh anniversary services were conducted on Sunday by Rp Sir Frederick Holder and the Rev E T Cox. On Monday evening a pleasant social gathering was held in the lecture hall. The pastor’s report showed that spiritual progress had been marked. The treasurer reported an income of £132, added to £25 brought forward. They now had £4 11, in hand after providing for an expenditure of £153, including £20 off the trust debt. During the past two years £450 had been raised for a pipe organ fund, so that the financial position was extremely satisfactory. [Ref: Register (Adelaide) Tuesday 27-9-1904]
The trustees of the Semaphore Methodist church have decided to proceed with the renovation of the inside and outside of the edifice. A new face will be put upon the old structure. [Ref: Port Adelaide News (SA) 29-8-1913]
The Semaphore Methodist Church Diamond Anniversary celebrations concluded this week. Special services were held on Sunday, September 25, and last Sunday, a concert in the Semaphore Town Hall on Monday evening, and the final gathering of former and present members and adherents was held at the church on Wednesday evening.
This meeting took the form of a reunion tea at 6 pm, an organ recital and community singing at 7 pm, and the public meeting at 7.45 pm over which the Mayor of Port Adelaide (Mr A O R Tapp) presided, the Rev J G Jenkin being the principal speaker.
Wednesday's meetings were fitly described as a "Great Back to Semaphore Gathering." There was a record attendance of members from the district, and of former residents. Many apologies for non attendance were received from people in far-away parts, even including Western Australia. Five members were present who attended the opening ceremony sixty years ago.
The Rev T E Geddes White (pastor) introduced the Mayor.
The Mayor said he was delighted to know that the Semaphore Methodist Church had made such undoubted advancement. They had profound respect for the worthy pioneers of that church, and the pioneers of Methodism.
The report of the treasurer (Mr R A Cotton) was highly satisfactory in regard to the response to the appeal for the cost of renovations, now completed. It showed that members and adherents from near and far had forwarded no less than £332, which was cause for extreme gratitude. [Ref: Port Adelaide News (SA) 7-10-1927]
Learning to use a stove for cooking and baking is a challenge but doable for someone who has become blind later in life. Here, an instructor works with a client to show how simple raised dots and paint for a dial is enough to cue a person to feel where the correct burner temperature is. This stove also has an accessory large timer with raised numbers to help with a cooking steps.
Image Disclaimer - Please note that all of the images shown are for illustrative purposes only. The rooms pictured are not necessarily typical of the accommodation available at Student Apartments, which can vary in terms of size, configuration, and finish.
Good news to all you spa buffs and lovers out there!
Nurture Spa Village in Tagaytay is offering something new for you. With the ‘Cold Indulging Weekdays’ and ‘Cold Indulging Weekends’ promo, they are offering a new round of packages for both the weekdays and the weekends. Need a break from the daily hassle of work life? Want to get away with a special someone, or simply bond with your best friend? Whatever it is, these great value packages will be sure to fulfill your needs.
Curious yet? Well, let’s have a rundown, shall we:
First off, we have the Cold Indulging Weekday Packages. These are perfect for those weekdays off when you just want to bond with the bf or the bff. ;) Yup, these treats are for two!
The INDULGE package, at Php5600nett, gets you both a stay in the beautiful Garden View Rooms, a Magsing Irog therapeutic massage (which is a signature treat—definitely not to be missed!) and a sumptuous breakfast, good for the two of you. Sounds good, huh?
The PLEASURE package, on the other hand, lets you stay in our authentic Ifugao huts, and an Aruga therapeutic massage (another signature treat!), with a bountiful breakfast to greet you in the morning. It’s on for Php5040nett; definitely not a bad deal, I’d say!
Lastly, but definitely not the least in the bunch, we’ve got the DELIGHT package up for grabs. Again, you have a chance to stay in our lovely Ifugao huts, a Hilot Kagalingan therapeutic treatment (especially for those with an ailment, this one is for you!), an a rewarding, delicious breakfast for two. How much? Php4640nett. Definitely a taker! ;)
The complimentary snacks that come with them are delicious, by the way. ;)
What a bunch to take in, I’m sure. ;) With all those lovely treats, how can you decide? But wait—what about the weekends, you may be asking. Don’t worry, here they are, in all their relaxing glory:
First off, we have something for the romantics. Trying to woo the girl (or boy!) of your dreams? An anniversary or monthsary, perhaps? Whether in celebration or in preparation, the ROMANTIKO package is sure to win that girl over. ;) At 9800nett it sounds a bit pricey, but definitely well-worth it. What does it include, you ask? Well for starters, you get a fully air-conditioned room with a set breakfast, a snack and a full romantic dinner. The dinner is set up with flowers, two glasses of wine and candles, plus a Magsing-Irog massage. Just the treat for you and your special someone! Isn’t it lovely? ;)
Up next you’ve got the ULAYAW PLUS package at Php8100nett. Included in this delightful package is overnight accommodation in an air-conditioned room with a full set menu of breakfast, lunch and dinner, plus a soothing Magsing-Irog massage. Good for two persons, so bring your loved ones along!
And last, but not least!, we’ve got the MAGKASINTAHAN package. This is for you guys who want to spend some time alone but don’t have all day to do it. At Php7770nett, you get treated to a Mutya Natural facial, with a full set meal and snacks. You also get to use a fully air-conditioned room for half the day (4 hours). Definitely a treat for lovers who want a day out together. ; )
That’s a full set of treats for you spa lovers to choose, and what’s wonderful is that you can share it with that special someone or that best friend to make it even better. So get started—these lovely packages are waiting just for you! ;)
Bevington Bush Hotel opened in 1900. It offered 400 room accommodation for 'working men'. It was later renamed as Arden House.
Planning permission has been granted today for student residences with over 2,000 bedrooms to be constructed on the University of Salford's campus - breathing new life into the area around Peel Park and creating a busy and exciting environment for all.
Over 300 people rallied in support of asylum seekers and refugees outside the Broadmeadows Melbourne Immigration Transit Accommodation (MITA) Centre on Sunday 28th April 2013. The protest was organised by the Refugee Action Collective (Victoria), and follows the conclusion of a ten day hunger strike by 27 of the detainees.
The detention centre houses more than 30 refugees who have had adverse ASIO assessments - 55 refugees all told held around Australia are in immigration limbo due to ASIO. As refugees they cannot be returned to their country of origin, yet the secret ASIO assessment means they cannot be released from mandatory detention. They are in indefinite immigration detention limbo.
Read the full story: Refugee advocates rally to support refugees in immigration limbo at Broadmeadows
Image Disclaimer - Please note that all of the images shown are for illustrative purposes only. The rooms pictured are not necessarily typical of the accommodation available at Student Apartments, which can vary in terms of size, configuration, and finish.
Tramways, Student accommodation, Crewe Street, Chester. Thursday 09 June 2016
The accommodation has been built on the site of the former Chester tram depot, later bus garage.
Photograph copyright: Ian 10B.
Parque Nogal está situado en el Campo Internacional de Maspalomas, Gran Canaria, Islas Canarias. Tiene 56 bungalows tipo dúplex adosados, con un dormitorio independiente, cuarto de baño y balcón exterior en el piso superior y salón-cocina, patio y terraza delantera en la planta baja.
Dispone de Recepción abierta las 24 horas y Restaurante (de 08:30 a 23.30) con comedor cerrado y terraza exterior cerca de la piscina, que ofrece comidas a la carta, desayunos y media pensión.
Puede disfrutar de la sala de reunión-T.V., piscina de adultos y piscina de niños, terraza solarium con hamacas cerca de la piscina y cancha de badminton.
Disponemos de un servicio de autobuses gratuito para nuestros clientes, a la playa de Maspalomas, situada a unos tres kilómetros de nuestro complejo.
En las proximidades de Parque Nogal encontrará el Mercado Municipal, el Centro Comercial Faro 2, el nuevo Parque de Atracciones y a unos diez minutos el Nuevo Parque Urbano.
Beneficios para usted: Complejo tranquilo, posibilidad de contratar sólo alojamiento o con comidas, ambiente familiar (trato más personalizado), piscina climatizada en invierno, mercadillo popular a 50 metros dos veces a la semana, facilidades para hacer deporte en las cercanías: Atletismo, ciclismo, fútbol, ténis, golf, surfing, windsurfing,submarinismo, paracaidismo, bádminton, zonas peatonales para caminatas hasta la playa, rutas para ciclistas en las cercanías, petanca y muchos más.
In a peacefull location on the outskirts of town, Maspalomas, Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, these spacious apartments are 1 kilometer from the: New Urban Park and Faro shopping centre with it´s selection of bars and restau-rants for both daytime and evening fun. The Maspalomas sand dunes are also a distance of 3 kilometers (free bus service to the beach).
It´s an attractive apartment complex, splitlevel in design and comfortable the Parque Nogal is ideal for those seeking a relaxing holiday base with freedom of self-catering.
As well as a good range of amenities available, there is also a friendly, informal atmosphere in wich to unwind and forget all about everyday cares.
Sport: Minigolf, badminton and basketball.
Amenities: swimmingpool, sun terraces free sun lounger and umbrella, pool side bar (serving snacks) bar restaurant ,reception.
The best accommodation at the best price.
Benefits for you: quiet complex, possibility of hiring accommodation only or with meals, family environment (most personalized), heated swimming pool during winter season, popular market twice a week nearby, sports facilities in the vicinity: Athletics cycling, soccer, tennis, golf, surfing, windsurfing, diving, skydiving, badminton, pedestrian walking up the beach, cycling paths nearby, bocce and more.
Parque Nogal Bungalows in Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain.
Flamborough Head Lighthouse is an active lighthouse located at Flamborough, East Riding of Yorkshire. England. Flamborough Head Lighthouse acts as a waypoint for passing deep sea vessels and coastal traffic, and marks Flamborough Head for vessels heading towards Scarborough and Bridlington.
The first lighthouse, built by Sir John Clayton, was completed in 1674 and is one of the oldest surviving complete lighthouses in England. Built from chalk, it was never lit. This is now a Grade II* listed building.
The present lighthouse, designed by Samuel Wyatt and costing £8,000 to build, was first lit on 1 December 1806. It had a distinctive light characteristic of two white flashes followed by a red flash. This was provided by the lighting apparatus, which was designed by optics specialist George Robinson, who was also Chief Inspector of Lighthouses at Trinity House. It consisted of a revolving vertical shaft with a three-sided frame on which were mounted 21 argand lamps, 7 on each side, with parabolic reflectors. On one of the three sides the reflectors were covered with red glass: this was the first use of red glass in a lighthouse and represented the first use of the colour as part of a light characteristic;[4] the idea was soon taken up elsewhere. According to a description of the lighthouse written in 1818, the red light was used to distinguish Flamborough's lighthouse from the one at Cromer. A Victorian pilot book used the mnemonic: 'Two whites to one red / Indicates Flambro' Head'.
In 1872, a new paraffin lamp was installed to the design of James Douglass. Flamborough was the first Trinity House lighthouse to use paraffin, which had only lately been introduced as a lighthouse illuminant; afterwards, the Corporation upgraded all its oil burners to paraffin.
Along with the new lamp, a new first-order dioptric optic was installed, by Chance Brothers of Smethwick, The revolving optic was designed to maintain the lighthouse's characteristic of two white flashes followed by one red flash; the speed of revolution was changed, however, from a flash every two minutes to a flash every 30 seconds. Driven by clockwork, the optic was described at the time as 'a circular frame of six faces, composed of great glass prisms, [...] the third and sixth faces having sheets of ruby glass before them to give the red effect to the light'. These red-flashing lenses were made more than double the width of the clear white-flashing panels, to compensate for the reduced intensity caused by the ruby filters; with a width in azimuth of 69.5°, they were at the time the widest lens panels yet constructed. The alterations cost £7,000 and provided a range of 21 nautical miles (39 km; 24 mi). In 1907 the speed of rotation was increased, so as to give a flash every fifteen seconds.
In 1925 the lantern was made taller, to accommodate a new 15-foot lens. The lens is a large (first-order) revolving catadioptric optic made up of four asymmetrical panels; it displays four white flashes every fifteen seconds. (After the new lens was installed, the old apparatus was transferred to the Bahamas to be used as part of a programme of improvements to the lighthouses there.) The light was converted from oil to electricity in 1940.
Following automation, the last lighthouse keepers left on 8 May 1996. The light remains in use. East Riding of Yorkshire Council, under licence from Trinity House, operate tours of the lighthouse seasonally. It is now a Grade II listed building.
In 2022 the lighthouse was once again modernised: the revolving Fresnel optic was removed; it and the emergency light have been replaced by a pair of static LED lanterns. As part of the modernisation programme the visible range of the light was reduced from 24 nautical miles (44 km; 28 mi) to 18 nmi (33 km; 21 mi).
In 1859 a fog signal station was built (at some distance from the lighthouse, close to the cliff edge). Initially an 18-pound gun was used as the fog signal, sounded once every fifteen minutes. A cottage was built within the compound as accommodation for the gunners. In 1878, explosive rockets replaced the cannon, discharged every 10 minutes in foggy weather (every five minutes from 1896) and reaching an altitude of 600 feet (180 m).
In 1908 an engine house was built next to the cottage and a fog siren replaced the rockets; it sounded one long and one short blast, every 90 seconds, through a pair of Rayleigh trumpets mounted on the engine room roof. Compressed air for the siren was provided by a pair of 22 hp Hornsby oil engines linked to a single-cylinder Hornsby compressor.
In 1924 the siren was replaced by a pair of diaphones, mounted in a metal turret on top of a porch added to the front of the engine house. This was itself superseded by an electric fog signal in 1975. In 2022 the signal was altered from two blasts to one long blast, every 90 seconds.
The fog signal compound remains in Trinity House ownership; along with the modern fog signal apparatus, it has since 1998 accommodated a Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) signal station.
Flamborough Head is a promontory, 8 miles (13 km) long on the Yorkshire coast of England, between the Filey and Bridlington bays of the North Sea. It is a chalk headland, with sheer white cliffs. The cliff top has two standing lighthouse towers, the oldest dating from 1669 and Flamborough Head Lighthouse built in 1806. The older lighthouse was designated a Grade II* listed building in 1952 and is now recorded in the National Heritage List for England, maintained by Historic England. The cliffs provide nesting sites for many thousands of seabirds, and are of international significance for their geology.
Flamborough Head has been designated a Special Area of Conservation (SAC) by the British Government's Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC). (Special Areas of Conservation are strictly protected sites designated under the European Community Habitats Directive, which requires the establishment of a European network of important high-quality conservation sites to make a significant contribution to conserving the 189 habitat types and 788 species identified in Annexes to this Directive.) Flamborough Outer Headland is an 83 hectares (210 acres) Local Nature Reserve. Yorkshire Wildlife Trust manages the Flamborough Cliffs Nature Reserve, located on the headland.
The cliffs at Flamborough Head are designated a Site of Special Scientific Interest for both geological and biological significance. First designated in 1952, the SSSI area extends from Sewerby round the headland to Reighton Sands. The estimated 200,000 nesting seabirds, including one of only two mainland British gannetries, are the most notable biological feature.
The headland is the only chalk sea cliff in the north. The coastline within the SSSI has strata from the upper Jurassic through to top of the Cretaceous period, and the headland exhibits a complete sequence of Chalk Group North Sea Basin strata, dated from 100 to 70 million years ago. The various chalk deposits are known as the Ferriby, Welton, Burnham and Flamborough Chalk. The dramatic white cliffs contrast with the low coast of Holderness to the south, where the chalk is deeply buried and the glacial boulder clay above erodes very readily. The chalk cliffs have a larger number and a wider range of cave habitats at Flamborough than at any other chalk site in Britain, the largest of which are known to extend for more than 50 metres from their entrance on the coast. There are also stacks, natural arches and blowholes. The site is identified as being of international importance in the Geological Conservation Review.
Seabirds such as northern gannets, kittiwakes and Atlantic puffins breed abundantly on the cliffs. Bempton Cliffs, on the north side of the headland, has an RSPB reserve and visitor centre.
The shooting of seabirds at Flamborough Head was condemned by Professor Alfred Newton in his 1868 speech to the British Association for the Advancement of Science. Local MP Christopher Sykes introduced the Sea Birds Preservation Act 1869, the first Act to protect wild birds in the United Kingdom. Shooting continued, with an 1886 edition of The Cornishman newspaper reporting the enormous flocks of sea birds are affording sport, with the fisherman killing the birds for selling to taxidermists; two boatmen were bagging a hundred birds daily.
Because it projects into the sea, Flamborough Head attracts many migrant birds in autumn, and is a key point for observing passing seabirds. When the wind is in the east, many birders watch for seabirds from below the lighthouse, or later in the autumn comb the hedges and valleys for landbird migrants. Flamborough Head has a bird observatory.
A Franco-American squadron fought the Battle of Flamborough Head with a pair of Royal Navy frigates in the American Revolutionary War on 23 September 1779. In the engagement, USS Bonhomme Richard and Pallas, with USS Alliance, captured HMS Serapis and HM hired armed ship Countess of Scarborough, the best-known incident of Captain John Paul Jones's naval career. The toposcope at the lighthouse commemorates the 180th (1959) anniversary of the battle.
Danes Dyke is a 2-mile (3.2 km) long ditch that runs north to south isolating the seaward 5 square miles (13 km2) of the headland. The dyke and the steep cliffs make the enclosed territory and its two boat launching beaches, North and South Landings, easily defended. Despite its name, the dyke is prehistoric in origin, and Bronze Age arrowheads were found when it was excavated by Pitt-Rivers in 1879. It is a Local Nature Reserve.
On the north side of Flamborough Head lies Thornwick Bay, a bay with a rock beach surrounded by cliffs. The second part of the name Thornwick comes from the Old Norse word vík ('bay') (meaning that the modern name Thornwick Bay is tautologous). At the north side of the bay lies Thornwick Nebb, the final part of which comes from Old Norse neb ('promontory').
A plaque at Thornwick Bay commemorates the 1952 loss of Robert Redhead, the bowman of the Bridlington lifeboat, while attempting to rescue two girls, Joan Ellis and Gillian Fox, from drowning.
Flamborough Head and the village of Flamborough are the setting for the book Bill Takes the Helm by Betty Bowen. In the book an American boy struggles to save his grandmother's house – in which he, his sister and grandmother are living – from destruction by the sea. He is also desperately trying to get used to England after the death of his mother, who requested in her will that he be sent there.
Flamborough Head was featured on the television programme Seven Natural Wonders as one of the wonders of Yorkshire and briefly in the first series of Coast.
Flamborough Head was featured in the finale of series 3 of the ITV drama Scott & Bailey.
North Landing beach was used as a film location for the 2016 re-make of Dad's Army.
During the evening of 23 August 2006, a lightning bolt hit a buttress on the cliffs, sending 100 tonnes of rock into the sea.
The East Riding of Yorkshire, often abbreviated to the East Riding or East Yorkshire, is a ceremonial county in the Yorkshire and the Humber region of England. It borders North Yorkshire to the north and west, South Yorkshire to the south-west, and Lincolnshire to the south across the Humber Estuary. The city of Kingston upon Hull is the largest settlement.
The county has an area of 2,479 km2 (957 sq mi) and a population of 600,259. Kingston upon Hull is by far the largest settlement, with population of 267,014, and is a major port and the county's economic and transport centre. The rest of the county is largely rural, and the next largest towns are the seaside resort of Bridlington (35,369) and the historic town of Beverley (30,351). The county is governed by two unitary authorities, East Riding of Yorkshire Council and Hull City Council. It takes its name from the East Riding, a historic subdivision of Yorkshire.
In the east of the county the low-lying plain of Holderness is enclosed by a crescent of low chalk hills, the Yorkshire Wolds. The Wolds meet the sea at Flamborough Head, a chalk headland, while the Holderness coast to the south is characterised by clay cliffs. The west of the county is part of the Vale of York, the wide plain of the River Ure/Ouse; the south-west is part of the Humberhead Levels.
The East Riding of Yorkshire is a local government district with unitary authority status, and is a ceremonial county of England. It is named after the historic East Riding of Yorkshire which was one of three ridings alongside the North Riding and West Riding, which were constituent parts a Yorkshire ceremonial and administrative county until 1974. From 1974 to 1996 the area of the modern East Riding of Yorkshire constituted the northern part of Humberside.
As a ceremonial county, the East Riding of Yorkshire borders North Yorkshire, South Yorkshire and Lincolnshire, and includes the city of Kingston upon Hull, which is a separate unitary authority. As a district it borders North East Lincolnshire (over the Humber estuary), North Lincolnshire (over the Humber and on land), Hull, Doncaster, Selby, York, Ryedale and Scarborough.
The East Riding originated in antiquity. Unlike most counties in Great Britain, which were divided anciently into hundreds, Yorkshire was divided first into three ridings and then into numerous wapentakes within each riding. The ancient wapentake system is not used in the modern day, though it is an important part of Yorkshire's cultural heritage. Within the East Riding of Yorkshire there were seven wapentakes (including Hull), two of these were further sub-divided into divisions, thus;
1. Ouse and Derwent
2. Buckrose
3. Harthill – Wilton Beacon Division
4. Harthill – Holme Beacon Division
5. Howdenshire
6. Harthill – Hunsley Beacon Division
7. Harthill – Bainton Beacon Division
8. Dickering
9. Holderness – North Division
10. Kingston upon Hull (county corporate)
11. Holderness – Middle Division
12. Holderness – South Division
The separate Lieutenancy for the riding was established after the Restoration, and the ridings each had separate Quarter Sessions.
For statistical purposes in the 19th century an East Riding of Yorkshire registration county was designated, consisting of the entirety of the poor law unions of Beverley, Bridlington, Driffield, Howden, Hull, Patrington, Pocklington, Sculcoates, Skirlaugh and York, thus excluding parts of the historic riding around Norton and Sherburn (which are also excluded from the modern district), but also including the city of York and environs (more usually associated with the West Riding). These poor law unions formed the basis of rural sanitary districts in 1875.
A county council for the East Riding of Yorkshire was set up in 1889, covering an administrative county which did not cover the county borough of Hull, but otherwise had the same boundaries as the historic riding. Apart from Hull the East Riding contained two municipal boroughs, Beverley and Hedon.
Under the Local Government Act 1894 the rest of the administrative county was divided into rural districts and urban districts. The rural districts were based on the rural sanitary districts, with Beverley Rural District, Bridlington Rural District, Driffield Rural District, Howden Rural District, Patrington Rural District, Pocklington Rural District, Riccal Rural District, Sculcoates Rural District and Skirlaugh Rural District being formed as-is.
Several other rural districts were formed by divisions of rural sanitary districts to conform to the administrative county borders : Sherburn Rural District and Norton Rural District came from Scarborough and Malton RSDs respectively (otherwise in North Riding); Riccal Rural District from Selby RSD (otherwise in the West Riding); and Escrick Rural District which was previously part of York RSD (which covered all three ridings). Urban districts were Cottingham, Great Driffield, Filey, Hessle (from 1899), Hornsea, Norton, Pocklington and Withernsea (from 1898).
The East Riding's only large town is Hull, a major port. Hull's population of which rose rapidly in the late 19th century : quadrupling from about 60,000 in 1851 to 240,000 in 1901. Other towns in the riding did not have similar growth and remain small: Bridlington's permanent population remained largely static in the same period, increasing from 6,000 to around 7,000. By 1971 the riding had a population of slightly over 500,000. In comparison, the West Riding (including county boroughs) saw extensive urbanisation and the formation of several conurbations, and had a population of nearly 4,000,000 in 1971, and the North Riding a population of about 700,000. Beverley was once a town of some importance, with St. John's College and Beverley Minster. The college was suppressed along with the monastery in the 16th century (see Dissolution of the Monasteries) and the town entered a decline in relative importance, although gaining a charter of incorporation in 1573, having previously been under the Archbishop of York. Beverley benefited somewhat from the proximity of Hull during the Industrial Revolution, and became the county town for the East Riding administrative county in 1892.
Bridlington obtained municipal borough status in 1899, having become a resort town (as had Hornsea and Withernsea), although not matching the population growth of Scarborough further up the coast in the North Riding.
The county districts underwent a major reorganisation in 1935 :Derwent Rural District formed from most of Escrick RD, Riccal RD and part of Howden RD (which continued in existence)
Holderness Rural District formed from Patrington RD and Skirlaugh RD
Sherburn RD abolished, split between Bridlington RD, Norton RD and part to Filey UD
Sculcoates RD abolished, mostly to Beverley RD
Great Driffield urban district made smaller and renamed Driffield, the rural part going to Nafferton parish in Driffield
Rural District
an urban district of Haltemprice formed to cover the urbanised area west of Hull, from Cottingham and Hessle urban districts, and parts of Sculcoates Rural District (including Haltemprice, West Ella and parts of other parishes)
Pocklington urban district abolished and added to Pocklington RD
Both the administrative county and the historic Lieutenancy were abolished under the Local Government Act 1972, on 1 April 1974, with most of the riding going to form the northern part of Humberside. Some parts became part of North Yorkshire, with the borough of Scarborough taking in Filey UD and part of the Bridlington Rural District, the district of Ryedale taking in Norton and the former Norton Rural District, and the district of Selby taking in the former Derwent Rural District. Humberside also included northern Lincolnshire, and Goole and the former Goole Rural District, which are in the historic West Riding.
The creation of a cross-Humber authority was unpopular, despite the promise of the Humber Bridge (which ultimately opened in 1981), and identification with Yorkshire and the East Riding remained strong (for example, North Wolds District Council change its name to East Yorkshire Borough Council in the early 1980s, with Beverley also taking the name 'East Yorkshire Borough of Beverley'). This culminated with the local government review in the 1990s, which saw Humberside abolished and the northern part form two unitary authorities.
The East Riding district was formed on 1 April 1996 from the former districts of East Yorkshire, Beverley and Holderness, along with the northern part of the Boothferry district, including the Goole area which forms part of the historic West Riding (attaching it to the districts of Selby or Doncaster were proposed but rejected). The ceremonial county, the area in which the Lord Lieutenant of the East Riding of Yorkshire represents the Crown, was re-established the same day, covering Hull as well as the district.
The East Riding has two quite distinctive and contrasting archaeological areas, the Yorkshire Wolds and the Humber Wetlands. The Yorkshire Wolds form an upland arc of chalk hills stretching from Flamborough head on the coast to the Humber Estuary at its southern end. The Humber Wetlands consist of all the land in the Humber basin that lies below 10 metres above sea level which encompasses a large part of Holderness and the valleys of the Rivers Hull and Derwent and the lower part of the River Ouse valley.
The Arctic conditions associated with the last ice age started to improve and the climate gradually became warmer about 10,000 BC. This warming-up process suffered several temporary setbacks as short, cool spells occurred which disrupted the overall momentum. By about 9,000 BC the vegetation had changed from tundra to a closed woodland, of pine and birch.
Evidence from Gransmoor, to the east of Driffield, in Holderness indicates that Late Palaeolithic people were present in East Yorkshire during the climatic transition. In 1992, a small barbed antler harpoon point was found lodged in a preserved log, thought to be either birch or rowan. This find has been dated to around 9,500 BC.
Between 8,300 and 4,000 BC, Mesolithic communities occupied the area. In the GreatWold Valley, at Willow Garth, to the west of Boynton, pollen samples of Mesolithic date, indicate that the forest cover in this area was being altered by man, and that open grasslands were being made to create grazing areas to which animals would be attracted thus making hunting easier.
In the Yorkshire Wolds there are thousands of Iron Age square barrows and hundreds of farmsteads and settlements, droveways, tracks and field systems. There is a profusion of Neolithic, Bronze Age, Iron Age and Romano-British sites extending across the entire Wolds area. Some Mesolithic sites are known on the chalklands of the Yorkshire Wolds, at Craike Hill (Eastburn Warren), Garton Slack, Huggate Dykes, Huggate Wold, and Octon Wold. The Yorkshire Wolds has a wide range of favourable natural resources and so became a major focus for human settlement during the Neolithic period. Two of the most recently excavated earthen long barrows in the region are to be found at Fordon, on Willerby Wold, and at Kilham, both of which have provided radiocarbon dates of around 3,700 BC. An extensive Neolithic ritual complex, the principal elements of which are four large cursus monuments and a henge, is situated near the eastern end of the Great Wold Valley. More than 1,400 Bronze Age round barrows, are known to exist on the Yorkshire Wolds, occurring either in isolation or, more usually, grouped together to form cemeteries. In the Iron Age the distinctive local tradition known as the Arras Culture emerged and was named after the type-site, found near Market Weighton, and excavated in 1815–17. Romano British villa sites are known on the Wolds at Rudston, Harpham, Brantingham, Welton, and Wharram-le-Street. Anglo-Saxon cemeteries are known from East Yorkshire.
The Humber Wetlands Project which took place between 1992 and 2001 identified numerous prehistoric wetland sites in Holderness, the Hull Valley, the Humberhead Levels and the Vale of York. A boat found at North Ferriby, near Kingston upon Hull, has been dated as 2030 BC, which makes it the oldest of its kind in western Europe. New scientific research carried out on the remains shows it is at least 4,000 years old. The boat was one of three discovered by amateur archaeologist Ted Wright on the banks of the Humber. Historians knew that the boats were old, but only now do they know how old. New scientific techniques suggest the boat Mr Wright found in 1963 is 500 years older than everyone thought. That means it date backs more than 4,000 years to the early Bronze Age. The Ferriby site was an ideal point of departure for east/west travel along the Humber or as a crossing-point to the south bank. The Ferriby Boats were a means by which ideas, such as the decorative design of pottery, and goods such as Baltic amber and metals could arrive on the Humber shore. It has also been suggested that it may have been used to carry stones to Stonehenge.
The Battle of Stamford Bridge took place at the village of Stamford Bridge, East Riding of Yorkshire on 25 September 1066. In the battle the majority of the invading Norwegian forces were killed by the forces of King Harold Godwinson of England. It was the final fall of the Vikings in England. A fortnight after the battle, on 14 October 1066, after having marched his forces to the south coast of England, Harold was defeated and killed by Norman forces under William the Conqueror at the Battle of Hastings. This began the Norman Conquest of England.
In Holderness the extensive Lordship was granted by King William I of England to Drogo de la Beuvirere, a Flemish follower. Drogo built a castle at Skipsea before 1087 but he was disgraced and his estates were confiscated by the king. The area was then given to Odo, Count of Champagne, but was taken from him when he rebelled against King William II of England in 1095. It was returned to Odo's son Stephen of Aumale in 1102. Large estates in Holderness were held by the Bishop of Durham and the Archbishop of York. Other large landowners in the area included the abbeys of Meaux and Thornton and the priories of Swine, Nunkeeling and Bridlington. These ecclesiastical estates were confiscated and became crown property when King Henry VIII of England dissolved the monasteries in the 16th century. The Yorkshire Wolds is rich in medieval sites, and is particularly well known for its deserted villages, like those at Wharram Percy and Cottam. Settlement on the Wolds during the medieval period was concentrated on the most suitable agricultural soils. The two major settlement zones are, the Great Wold Valley villages, such as Helperthorpe, Weaverthorpe, Butterwick, Foxholes, Burton Flemming and Rudston, and the east-facing slope of the Wolds including villages such as Carnaby, Haisthorpe, Thornholme, Burton Agnes, and Nafferton, all of which are sited so as to take advantage of a ration of both heavier and lighter agricultural soils.
Whistler (Sḵwiḵw in the Squamish language) is a resort municipality in the southern Pacific Ranges of the Coast Mountains in the province of British Columbia, Canada, approximately 125 km (78 mi) north of Vancouver, considered to be a top destination for skiers.
Whistler Village, BC, Canada
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