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Volume 1 - Origin of Powerhouse: Issue #1
Flicker Fighters
It had been six months since Ben and his Mum had moved to Advent City. It was a big transition in both their lives moving from the Scottish countryside and into the big city. However, with his Mum being CEO of ‘Imagine’ he wasn’t surprised to hear she wanted to manage the company in person. Six months later, and Ben had only made one friend who he really liked, Connie. She was in the same college class as him studying Biomedical Sciences and she was also new to the city. They didn’t really have much in common other than that but, they both had the same personality and enjoyed one another’s company. They could talk about anything and always had a good laugh. Ben contemplated asking her out but he didn’t want to ruin such a good friendship and break the bond that they had, should anything happen. She was a total nerd for mech suits and it just so happened that the new branch opening in ‘Imagine’ was developing some. It was supposed to be kept a secret until their grand unveiling later in the year, but Ben knew Connie wasn’t exactly going to go around telling everyone. Therefore, he arranged to surprise her and set her up for a tour of his Mum’s company. She was more than excited for the day, and Ben struggled not to reveal the surprise. He planned to keep it for the end of the tour and then lead her through the storage facility, where the armoured suits are kept. Ben saw the suits and their designs, half of them were all ready to be showcased. However, his Mum planned to reveal them as a complete set on display once the others had been built. Ben was far too excited to show her the suits, so much so he was going to make her suspect something if he kept smiling like a lunatic.
Ben makes his way through the bustling crowd and is about to check his phone and ask where she is. She was supposed to be outside the main entrance. Although with the way he’s getting bumped about by the city crowd, he figures she got overwhelmed and went inside. She was probably chilling on her phone in a corner, the same thing he’d be doing to avoid the large crowds. He enters the building and there she is, exactly where he thought she’d be. As if she knows he’s watching, she looks up from her phone and smiles waving. They walk towards one another as she slips her phone back into her pocket.
Ben: “You ready for the best tour of your life?”
Connie: “Yeah, I got my camera ready like Peter Parker.”
Ben: “Well I can assure you there’s no radioactive spiders here. I asked my Mum to get some, but apparently it’s a ‘safety hazard’.”
The two shares a laugh and Ben begins to lead her through the tourist exhibits based on all of the new technology. Ben had heard about most of it when talking business with his Mum. Some of the projects were just frivolous crazy things for rich people with far too much money to purchase. Such as nanotechnology paint that allows you to decorate your room with micro robots. They can be remotely controlled to change colour, pattern, and even display images from the internet. Which meant you could paint a wall with these devices and have something different everyday. Then there were more useful pieces of technology for medicinal purposes. The kind of technology which would allow the replication of synthetic tissue and allow it to be ‘filled’ with a false but functional nervous system. It sounded like something from a Sci-Fi show. But that’s why the company was called, Imagine, they create technology that could only have been plucked from wildest of imaginations. Connie was overjoyed as Ben showed her some of the exhibits and the more excited she got the more he felt himself hurrying to show her the grand finale - the mech suits in storage.
Ben: “Come on, I got something cool to show you in the back. My Mum said as long as you keep it a secret and don’t take any pictures it’s okay.”
Connie: “Ooh, something top secret?”
Ben: “For the next year or so, yeah. Now come on, you’re going to love it.”
Ben leads her away from a bustling exhibit, he had to stop himself from pulling her to hurry. He knew she was going to love seeing these suits, she loved that sort of thing. She was a nerd just like him when it came to this stuff. As they are making their way through the crowd Ben turns, beaming a smile. However, someone in the building screams from just down the corridor. The overlapping conversation of the crowds around them fall silent. The scream echoes up the corridor, soon followed by other terrified shrieks. A large crashing sound causes a tremor to quake throughout the exhibit. People begin to murmur amongst themselves and others start to make their way to the exits.
Connie: “What the hell was that?”
Ben: “Um, I’m not sure. We should probably-“
An automated female voice blares from the speakers in the roof, “Emergency! Emergency! Everyone please evacuate the building in a calm and orderly fashion.”
Everyone begins pushing and shoving as they stampede towards the exits. Connie gets shoved to the ground by a larger man who doesn’t bother to look her way as she cries out. Ben yells in protest and struggles to make his way through the sea of panicked people to get to her. He loses sight of her as she’s engulfed by the mob. He knew she was on the floor, probably getting trampled on by all these people. They were scared but so was she, she was probably hurt as well. It was like the videos he had witnessed on Youtube of people going nuts over deals on Black Friday. Doing anything they can to be the first ones in the door - or in this case, out of the door. Eventually, the numbers of the crowd thin out and he sees Connie curled up in a ball on the floor, in a foetal position. Ben rushes towards her as the automated voice continues to repeat the order to evacuate. He kneels beside her and places his hand on her shoulder, she is trembling.
Ben: “Connie, we gotta get out of here.”
She doesn’t say anything and uncurls herself hesitantly. Ben’s heart sinks as he sees boot imprints on her hands and broken finger nails from being trampled on. Her cheek is red and swollen and her lip is busted in the centre. He forces a reassuring smile and lifts her to her feet pulling her towards the exit. Only to feel the building shudder with another tremor. Debris leaks from the ceiling and Ben looks up seeing a crack tear it’s way through the ceiling. His eyes widen and he continues to haul Connie to the exit. The building shakes one last time and the fracture in the ceiling pries apart. Chunks of rubble and debris rain down in front of him crashing against the ground, just inches away from them and blocking the exit. Ben begins to panic but remembers the emergency exit down the corridor. He turns and holds up Connie as she stumbles alongside him. As they make their way down to the corridor he hears something. At first he thinks it’s another tremor but no, it’s more structured with its sound - coordinated. They were footsteps. Loud, thundering footsteps from just one set of feet. Whoever it was, they were big or wearing steel boots and they were heading right for them.
Ben: “Something tells me that isn’t someone coming to help.”
Media Museum of the Netherlands Institute for Sound and Vision, Mediapark Hilversum - Neuteling Riedijk Architects.
The building consists of five levels below street level and five levels above street level. In the underground, the national archives of Dutch radio and television recordings are stacked around a deep canyon. Above ground, a staged volume contains the media museum. The third element is the office building of the institute. The three volumes together enclose a large public atrium.
The Botanical Magazine, Volume 5 by William Curtis (1792)
From the Swallowtail Garden Seeds collection of botanical photographs and illustrations. We hope you will enjoy these images as much as we do.
rail fence blocks sewn from PAPER and FOR YOU, both collection by Brigitte Heitland from Zen Chic for Moda
Part of Bristol Light Festival 2025
Anthems: Volume One is an immersive laser installation celebrating Bristol’s epic Drum & Bass legacy, created by artist Marcus Lyall, with a soundtrack compiled by Bristol DnB Collective, RUN. The installation fuses choreographed laser animation and a high-quality sound system to create a synaesthetic experience that brings some of Bristol’s best loved sounds to life. Taking over an empty shop near Cabot Circus, Anthems: Volume One is designed to be a thrilling but accessible experience, bringing together music and art lovers alike.
Artist: Marcus Lyall & RUN Collective
Quaker's Friars, Bristol
Please do not use my photos without permission. Feel free to contact me if you have a request.
Volume 1 - Origin of Powerhouse: Issue #10
Flicker Fighters
Firelighter begins to stir after being rammed through the door. For a brief moment Ben contemplates bringing his sword down on him but scolds himself for even contemplating it. Instead, he runs, seeing the ceiling beginning to crumble and crack. Ben makes his way to the window and uses the hilt of his blade to smash the glass. It explodes into glistening shards which sprinkle the ground outside. With a hesitant glance Ben looks down at the fire engines and crowd of onlookers. It must’ve been a 20ft drop down. With his weight in the armour it would be a fatal fall. The alternative, is to fight a Metahuman with flamethrower hands. Not to mention the fact they were in firefighter gear and well acclimated to the napalm environment around them both. Even with the fresh air and cool breeze from outside Ben was cooking inside his armour. He could feel his skin blistering and cracking under his armour. The heat was intense and his sweat was starting to sizzle against his skin. His lungs were being choked and his eyes were burning up. So much so his cheeks were streaming with tears. Leaving clean trails on his soot covered cheeks.
He notices Firelighter getting to his feet and his fingertips begin to dance with flames once more. Ben grimaces and looks back outside and at the drop. He could make out a few faces in the crowd, but couldn’t see his Mum. She wasn’t in her office. Luckily, she hadn’t bumped into Firelighter either as he too was approaching her door. There were other exits outside so he knew if she was still in the building she’d be able to make it safely out, as would the others. The only way out was to either fight Firelighter and make his way through a burning corridor or jump from the window.
Ben: “Goddamn it.”
Ben takes a sharp inhale, and steps one foot out the window. He clings to the side of the window frame. After mustering the courage to bring his other leg out, he lets go and falls from the building. Flames spray out from the window as he descends and Ben yells in a panic. He had an idea in mind before he jumped but it still didn’t stop him from being scared. Quickly, he grips both hands on the hilt of his blade and drives the metal into the side of building. Much to his luck, it cuts deep into the brick and tears through the foundation. Ben yells in pain, feeling the muscles of his arms stretch from the strain of holding onto sword. His sword continues to slice its way down as he comes to a slow stop. He hears people scream for him as he dangles from the hilt of his sword. Ben’s arms tremble from effort and his biceps spasm with pain. He looks down at the ground, just a 10ft drop. Thankfully, he sees firemen extending a ladder out towards him. He didn’t know what would happen to Firelighter but he didn’t really care at this point in time.
Every project seems to produce new scraps ... even scrap quilts. At least, I know what to do with the new white and cream scraps. I'll make Christmas presents: coasters, placemats, pouches, notebook covers. It doesn't matter what I make, as long as it is "low volume" because, as usually, I cut way too much squares and strips.
Bruges, Belgium - Concert Hall by Robbrecht & Daem Architects
Being the cultural capital of Europe in 2002 was an ideal opportunity for Bruges to proof that it evolves in time despite its historical, preserved character. With this glorious year in sight, some architectural fireworks were realised in the centre. Paul Robbrecht and Hilde Daem were commissioned for the construction of the concert hall, after winning a design competition in 1999. The design criteria related to openness and adventure, innovation and a modern image but also to safety and functionality. The result is a sometimes surprising and creative ode to Bruges and the city's dreams. The building has an overall size of 120 metres by 50 metres. An eye-catching feature is the so-called 'Lantern Tower', which is slightly separate from the main volume and is 28 metres and eight storeys high and overlooks the Zand. In this tower is a chamber music hall with seats for 300.
My grandma asked me to make her what I would call a couch runner -- she wanted a quilt to cover just the cushions of her couch. She also asked that it go with the pale beige colour of the couch.
I was inspired by the Thimble Blossoms pattern Summer (which is really just an interesting arrangement of Road to Tennessee blocks.) I had three different low volume bundles from Pink Castle Fabrics which I thought would work well with the beige couch.
Grandma loved it. The funny part is that she loved the backing fabric so much (a print from Serenade by Basic Grey with music all over it, chosen because she is a pianist) that she actually is using the quilt reversed, with the backing showing. I'm just happy that she loves it and it's her quilt so she can use it however she wants!
Title: Low Volume Couch Runner
Pattern: "Summer" by Thimble Blossoms
Fabrics: Three different low volume bundles. There are 24 different low volume fabrics in the blocks. The binding is a print called "Faux Bois" from the line Les Amis by Patty Sloniger.
Quilting: Overlapping swirls and circles as taught in Angela Walter's Craftsy class Machine Quilting Negative Space. I used Connecting Threads Essential Cotton Thread in white.
Batting: Hobbs Heirloom Premium 80/20 batting.
Finished Size: 24" by 72". Each "circle" block is 6" square.
Started: November 2013
Completed: December 2013
I have to say that Angela Walter's Craftsy class is fantastic. I wanted to heavily quilt this since it would be sat on a used often and I always wanted to try the overlapping swirls and circles design that I've seen quite a bit. The class taught it very clearly and I feel like a total superstar for being able to do it!
(Also: Holy moly it is hard to take a picture of a low volume quilt in the depths of a Canadian winter!)
The Mount Nemo Conservation Area in Burlington, Ontario is a conservation area owned and operated by Conservation Halton. It is popular with rock climbers in the Greater Toronto Area and the Golden Horseshoe, along with nearby Rattlesnake Point Conservation Area. Its five kilometers of hiking trails connect with the Bruce Trail.
The rock type is limestone and most of the routes climbed are sport climbing. The sport climbing begins with a 5.9 but the majority of climbs fall in the 5.10 to 5.12 range. Due to its proximity to major urban areas, Mount Nemo is one of the most popular climbing destinations in Southwestern Ontario.
Conservation Halton has implemented a ban on top rope climbing to protect the ancient cedar trees along the Niagara Escarpment.
There are various cave systems running through the rock. Caving is a very popular activity at Mount Nemo, with the various caves offering great opportunities for enthusiasts from beginner to advanced skill sets.
Huge push this week to get all my scanning finished... so here is the next volume.
Bologna - we only had 1.5 days there... and I CANNOT believe how much sketching I did... and it was really very relaxing. We didn't know anything about what to see or do so we just wandered the streets and sat down in piazzas and just sketched this direction- then the next. Beautiful beautiful town.
Rome - what can I say... my favourite city - I just got so excited when we arrived. But it is a bit challenging to sketch in - so noisy and busy and often I really missed not having a sketching stool.
The last day in this book I was on my own and managed to get a LOT done - the additional text when I am on my own is mainly quotes from my companion guide- Not built in a Day by George H Sullivan.
Ok - time to get back to the last 'few' (50 odd) scans!...actually time for bed- I will leave the rest for tomorrow!
Don't forgot to check out the issuu link below in the first comment if you want to see it in full
atelier ying, Taipei
Children love small spaces. And these interiors have their own poetics.
This treehouse has two separate volumes, an acoustical one and the other a living space. The ocarina, which my kids just call Rina, is very rooted in the earth; it's usually made of clay and since its earliest history has been made into the shape of small animals. Other intimate musical instruments, played for oneself rather than for an audience, usually have some sort of indirect quality in emitting sound. Examples are the Chinese Guqin, the European viols and the clavichord. These musical instruments tend to indicate to us to go within ourselves. This Pooh house emits music not from the front door or its single window but from well within.
A carved and polished Jerusalem Olive tree is used for this structure. The polish gives the gnarly look a feel of an old musical instrument, and also is reminiscent of Chinese tea ceremony tables. For this reason the foliage is not accurate but is figured, in motif form. It is a triple-octave ocarina with prominent holes that hide within the form of the Jerusalem Olive tree. One of the boughs forms an obvious mouthpiece. The inner volume containing the living space reduces the volume of the actual instrument, thus making it easier to play; it is not a bass instrument although large band ocarinas were very expensive in Europe. The other sizes ranging down are all contained in Pooh's living room, in the shape of honeypots although one of the instruments is a clear glass bottle shape with a (glass) note inside.
I think the initial tuning of this instrument as it is made, like the design for its interior lighting, will be an amusing little challenge. The contrast of bright sounds of the smaller honeypot ocarinas and the muted grumble of the eeyore-like tree would make a rather whimsical ensemble which only children may appreciate.
This design is dedicated to my twins who love their Pooh, and who just celebrated their second birthday a few days ago. Aptly, the design is tied to the book, "Winnie the Pooh and the Blustery Day", whose joyous finale ends with a 'two-hero' party instead of a one hero party.
Everyday (so far) has been like Christmas spending life with my little heroes.
Note the patina and ground for this drawing, from the kids, only adds to the value.
Please also view my somewhat related design (No. 145) dedicated to the author P.G. Wodehouse, who is rather infamously tied to A.A. Milne.
Design, concepts, text and drawing are copyright 2014 by David Lo.
Carlos Baker was born in Ohio, 1 October, 1827. He was the son of Ebenezer Baker, a veteran of the War of 1812 (13 Sept., 1787, Vermont – 21 Nov., 1859, Allegan, MI), and Mary Chase Spalding (23 May, 1795, Waitsfield, VT – 16 April, 1873, Beatrice, Nebraska). The couple wed on 1 February, 1815, in Waitsfield, Vermont. Carlos was the fifth of their ten children born during the course of four decades. The others were: Sarah M. (29 May, 1816 – 1895); Horace W. (17 Feb., 1818-1850); Artimas N. (b. 1821); Cordelia (4 June, 1824 – 1900); Julia C. (b. 12 May, 1826); Rodney Spalding (6 June, 1830 – 1905); Norman (8 Feb., 1832 – 1850); William H. (2 June, 1835 – 1870); Philmer (b. 22 July, 1838); and Littlejohn (8 Feb.,1840 – 1904).
Carlos’s paternal grandparents were Johnathan Baker (d. 4 Feb., 1850, Marcellus, NY) and Sarah, last name unknown (d. 30 April, 1833). Carlos’s maternal grandparents were Abel Spalding (28 December, 1764, New Ipswich, NH – 16 June, 1844, Norton, OH) and Hannah Chase (24 Dec., 1769, Cornish, NH – 2 March, 1832, Delaware Co., OH). Abel and Hannah were married in 1790. Before becoming husband and wife, Spalding had been a private in the company commanded by Captain Charles Nelson of Delaware County in Col. Benjamin Wait's Vermont Regiment for seven months in 1781. Spalding appeared before an Ohio court to battle for his pension payments, and he gave evidence that was recorded verbatim. This included that he was one of the troops raised to defend against attacks by “the invading Tories from Canada…. The Indians and Tories were continuously hovering around us, keeping us in a state of alarm, and occasionally either killing or carrying off our scouts.” He continued that, after being mustered out, “I was paid for my services in Vermont bank paper money, which was then worth almost nothing.”
In 1850, the census places Carlos Baker in the township of Lyme, Huron County, Ohio, as a 24-year-old cabinetmaker with personal goods valued at $700. He appears to be living as a lodger. He arrived in Allegan, Michigan, sometime in the next few years—perhaps he came to join his father, Ebenezer, who was in Allegan County by 1850, as was Carlos’s brother Littlejohn. Wikipedia says that the town had its roots planted several decades earlier, when “The men after whom Allegan's downtown streets were named—Elisha Ely, Samuel Hubbard, Charles Christopher Trowbridge, Pliny Cutler, and Edmund Monroe—patented land in the area in 1833. They considered the site a prime location for industry, due to its potential for waterpower (since it straddled the Kalamazoo River) and water-bound transportation. By 1835, a dam and sawmill had been established.”
Carlos soon met the woman who would become his wife, Eliza Higgins (15 April, 1829, NY – 3 April, 1903, Allegan, MI). She was the daughter of Jabin Strong Higgins (b. 9 March, 1799, Windham, New York) and Betsey Aldrich (b. 10 November, 1802, Poultney, Vermont). The pair wed 8 April, 1854. In short order they had three children: Willis J. (b. 1854 or 1855); Albertis Otis (b. 2 June 1857); and Ernestine (b. 18 August, 1859).
Carlos’s father, Ebenezer Baker, died 21 November, 1859, of consumption in Gunplain, Allegan County. He was buried in Oakwood Cemetery—the first to be laid to rest in the family plot.
On 17 November, 1860, we can read Carlos Baker’s own words in a letter to the editors he wrote to the publication The Scientific American. The subject was most delightful: pans for boiling maple sap. “We use sheet iron pans almost entirely, for the purpose of making maple sugar, and I suppose no other population in this nation, of equal numbers, makes as much and as good maple sugar as we do.” One can almost hear the Ken Burns-style voiceover. After describing the pans’ construction, Carlos concludes, “Pans made in that fashion, of common stove pipe iron, have been in use in our ‘bush’ fifteen years, and are good pans yet, not being half worn or rusted out.”
On the 1860 census of Allegan, Carlos is enumerated as a cabinetmaker with real estate worth $1,000 and personal goods worth $800. His wife, Eliza, had real estate worth $4,000. That same year, an agricultural census was taken in June. Carlos is recorded to have had 8 improved acres, 22 unimproved; the cash value of the land was $1,000; he had 1 cow and 4 swine valued at $50; and 200 bushels of Indian corn. It sounds peaceful and bucolic—no doubt it was, but the darkness of war was coming, even to rural Michigan.
In July 1862, 34-year-old Carlos Baker was one of the men who signed the articles of association of the First Congregational Church of Allegan, the house of worship that he and his family may have been attending since its nascence in 1857; they had been officially received into the congregation on 31 December, 1858. Then, on 5 September, 1862, Carlos enlisted as a private in Company B, 19th Michigan Infantry Volunteers. It was organized at Dowagiac, Michigan, on that day, and would not muster out until 10 June, 1865. (Carlos’s brother, Littlejohn, enlisted 13 Feb. 13, 1864, in Company B of the 13th Michigan Infantry as a corporal, and mustered out 25 July, 1865.)
The 19th Regiment has a rather concise regimental history—albeit not because they saw no action:
“Left State for Cincinnati, Ohio, September 14, and duty at Covington, Ky., until October 7. Moved to Georgetown, Lexington, Sandersville and to Nicholasville, Ky., October 7-November 13. Attached to 1st Brigade, 3rd Division, Army of Kentucky, Dept. of Ohio, October 1862, to February 1863. Coburn's Brigade, Baird's Division, Army of Kentucky, Dept. of the Cumberland, to June 1863. 3rd Brigade, 1st Division, Reserve Corps, Dept. of the Cumberland, to October 1863. Coburn's unattached Brigade, Dept. of the Cumberland, to December 1863. Post of Murfreesboro, Tenn., Dept. of the Cumberland, to January 1864. 2nd Brigade, 1st Division, 11th Army Corps, Army of the Cumberland, to April 1864. 2nd Brigade, 3rd Division, 20th Army Corps, Army of the Cumberland, to June 1865.
“SERVICE: Moved to Danville, Ky., December 12, 1862, and duty there until January 26, 1863. Moved to Louisville, Ky., thence to Nashville, Tenn., January 26-February 7, and to Brentwood Station February 21. To Franklin, February 23. Reconnaissance toward Spring Hill March 3-5. Action at Spring Hill, Thompson's Station, March 4-5. Regiment mostly captured by Bragg's Cavalry forces, nearly 18,000 strong, under Van Dorn. Little Harpeth and Brentwood March 25 (Detachment). Exchanged May 25, 1863. Regiment reorganized at Camp Chase, Ohio, during June. Moved to Nashville, Tenn., June 8-11. Middle Tennessee or Tullahoma Campaign June 23-July 7. Moved to Murfreesboro, Tenn., July 23, and garrison duty there until October 25. Stockade near Murfreesboro Bridge, Stone's River, October 4 (Co. "D"). Moved to McMinnville October 25, and duty there until April 21, 1864. Ordered to Join Corps in Lookout Valley. Atlanta (Ga.) Campaign May 1-September 8. Demonstrations on Rocky Faced Ridge May 8-11. Boyd's Trail May 9. Battle of Resaca May 14-15. Cassville, May 19. New Hope Church, May 25. Operations on line of Pumpkin Vine Creek and battles about Dallas, New Hope Church and Allatoona Hills, May 25-June 5. Operations about Marietta and against Kennesaw Mountain, June 10-July 2. Pine Hill June 11-14. Lost Mountain, June 15-17. Gilgal or Golgotha Church, June 15. Muddy Creek, June 17. Noyes Creek, June 19. Kolb's Farm, June 22. Assault on Kennesaw, June 27. Ruff's Station, July 4. Chattahoochee River, July 5-17. Peach Tree Creek, July 19-20. Siege of Atlanta, July 22-August 25. Operations at Chattahoochee River Bridge, August 26-September 2. Occupation of Atlanta, September 2-November 15. March to the sea, November 15-December 10. Campaign of the Carolinas, January to April, 1865. Lawtonville, S.C., February 2. Averysboro, N. C., March 16. Battle of Bentonville March 19-21. Occupation of Goldsbore March 24. Advance on Raleigh April 10-14. Occupation of Raleigh April 14. Bennett’s House April 26. Surrender of Johnston and his army. March to Washington, D.C., via Richmond, Va., April 29-May 19. Grand Review May 24. Mustered out June 10, 1865.
“Regiment lost during service 7 Officers and 88 Enlisted men killed and mortally wounded and 160 Enlisted men by disease. Total 255.”
Carlos kept a diary during his war years and Eliza kept a daybook. Both of these are now in Duke University’s rare book and manuscript library. I have not yet been able to access the documents, but the university describes them as follows: “The collection comprises two volumes. One is a 127-page diary maintained by Carlos Baker at the end of the Civil War, dated 15 November, 1864, to 10 July, 1865. Baker provides very detailed descriptions of the final days of the conflict, even naming the farms where his company camps or fights. Of particular interest are the descriptions of his company's participation in General Sherman's March to the Sea, their marches through the Carolinas, and their fighting at Savannah, Ga., Averysboro, NC, and Bentonville, NC. The other volume in the collection is a 60-page commonplace book (1863 - 1871) maintained by Carlos Baker’s wife, Eliza. In it are diary entries containing poignant descriptions of her anxiety about her husband's safety and many moving descriptions of her uncertainty about the future; poems and letters she composed; and notes about items she purchased, bartered with, or sold over the period.”
After the war had finished, Carlos returned to Allegan and took up his life where it had left off. On the 1870 census, captured on the date of 14 June, Carlos was enumerated as a cabinetmaker with real estate valued at $3,000 and a personal estate of $1,500. His wife, Eliza, had personal real estate valued at $4,000. The children—Willis, 15; Albertis (who seems to have preferred to be called Otis), 13; and Ernestine, 10, were at home. It was a mere six years later, on 1 May, 1876, that Carlos Baker died at the age of 48 of a yet undiscovered cause.
The cabinet card in my collection shows an unknown man in a four-wheel trap parked beside Carlos’s elaborate “white bronze” (zinc) grave marker in Oakwood Cemetery, Allegan. The trap has a business name painted on the side that seems to read: “White Brothers Monuments”—presumably the makers of the memorial. On the reverse of the card is several layers of information, scribbled in pencil. Among what can be deciphered is “Allegan,” “T. S. [unknown word]” “Hight [sic] 13 ft. 6 in., Base 4 ft 6 in. and square,” as well as two columns of numbers. Taken as a whole, it seems to refer to the monument’s dimensions and cost. (Reverse: www.flickr.com/photos/60861613@N00/12837105703/in/photost...)
The year that the monument was installed is not known, but the cabinet card dates to perhaps the late 1880s. Records indicate that the government placed a Civil War veteran’s headstone on Carlos’s grave. Presumably, there was a similar stone on the grave of Ebenezer. Both of these were removed when the imposing monument was put in place. It cannot have been inexpensive, even though it was cast zinc and not marble. No matter the cost, it is a testament to the respect that Carlos had within his family and community.
Eliza Higgins Baker and her three adult children are enumerated on the 1880 Census for Allegan. Willis, then 25, was a cabinetmaker like his father; Albertis was a 23-year-old laborer.
Ernestine died at the age of 21 on 6 April, 1881, in Allegan, and was buried with Carlos and Ebenezer. Her cause of death is not known, but the most likely reason is disease. In December, 1881, Eliza filed for and was granted a veteran’s widow’s pension.
We cannot glimpse the Baker family in 1890 because of the destruction of those census records, but in 1900, 71-year-old Eliza was living in Allegan with Willis, still a cabinet maker, who had married Lillie E. Fowler (b.1861). The couple had a daughter, Inez Emily, born 12 January, 1882, who was then 18.
On the day of the 1900 census, Otis was living two houses down the road from Willis and his mother. Otis had married Mary J. (last name unknown) (b. Aug. 12, 1867, MI) in 1888. The census notes that he was a day laborer. The couple had one son, Otis Marion Baker, born 8 May, 1901, and two daughters: Ruth L. (b. 11 October, 1905) and Ruby I. (b. 1908).
Sometime after Eliza’s death in April 1903—perhaps after the memorial plaque with her name and dates was affixed to the tall, white monument in Oakwood Cemetery—Willis and his family went west to California. The 1910 census places them in Riverside, Temescal County. Willis was retired and daughter Inez was a stenographer in a law office; they had two lodgers. Willis died in California in 1913 and is buried at Corona Sunnyslope Cemetery, Corona, Riverside County. Lillie and Inez appear to have experienced financial difficulties after his passing. On the 1920 census of Corona, 58-year-old Lillie is enumerated was a citrus fruit packer, Inez was still working as a stenographer, and they had three lodgers. Things may have improved by 1930, when the Lillie was noted on the Riverside census as living at 1025 Victoria Street, retired, with Inez, age 49, enumerated as the office manager of an insurance firm. Lillie lived until 4 January, 1938. She is buried beside her husband. Inez was yet living at the same address a decade later. Her home was owned and worth $3,000. The census also notes that her highest level of education reached was “high school, 4th year.” Inez’s death date is so far undiscovered.
Otis Baker died 22 February, 1918. He is buried in Oakwood Cemetery with his wife, Mary, who outlived him by 40 years, dying on 26 May, 1958. She had remarried by 1920 to John Huggins, a paper maker in a Kalamazoo paper mill. Their son Otis lived until 4 August, 1974, dying in Van Buren, Wayne County, Michigan. His sister Ruth died in Detroit on 16 April, 1987.
Recent pictures of the Baker monument show it still as lovely and serene as when new. I can do no better than to conclude with the poem inscribed on it, which the family chose themselves: “Blest is the turf, oh doubly blessed, where weary mortals stop to rest, where life’s long journey turns to sleep, no weary pilgrims wake to weep.”
A testfold for Meenakshi Mukerji. A wonderful, clever and easy model.
The diagram will be published in OrigamiUSA's The Fold magazine
Thank you so much, dear Meenakshi! :)
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Diagram also available in the new Meenakshi book Exquisite Modular Origami II. A must!
🍃 #STAND Volume 6 arrive Thailand.✨
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Part of Bristol Light Festival 2025
Anthems: Volume One is an immersive laser installation celebrating Bristol’s epic Drum & Bass legacy, created by artist Marcus Lyall, with a soundtrack compiled by Bristol DnB Collective, RUN. The installation fuses choreographed laser animation and a high-quality sound system to create a synaesthetic experience that brings some of Bristol’s best loved sounds to life. Taking over an empty shop near Cabot Circus, Anthems: Volume One is designed to be a thrilling but accessible experience, bringing together music and art lovers alike.
Artist: Marcus Lyall & RUN Collective
Quaker's Friars, Bristol
Please do not use my photos without permission. Feel free to contact me if you have a request.
Volume Magazine first smart phone collection. Check out the Instagram Accounts of those who are listed on this promo image
The Vehicle Assembly Building (originally the Vertical Assembly Building), or VAB, is a large building at NASA's Kennedy Space Center (KSC), designed to assemble large pre-manufactured space vehicle components, such as the massive Saturn V and the Space Shuttle, and stack them vertically onto one of three mobile launcher platforms used by NASA. As of March 2022, the first Space Launch System (SLS) rocket was assembled inside in preparation for the Artemis 1 mission.
At 129,428,000 cubic feet (3,665,000 m3) it is one of the largest buildings in the world by volume. The building is at Launch Complex 39 at KSC, 149 miles (240 km) south of Jacksonville, 219 miles (352 km) north of Miami, and 50 miles (80 km) due east of Orlando, on Merritt Island on the Atlantic coast of Florida.
The VAB is the largest single-story building in the world, was the tallest building (526 ft or 160 m) in Florida until 1974, and is the tallest building in the United States outside an urban area.
The John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC, originally known as the NASA Launch Operations Center), located on Merritt Island, Florida, is one of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) ten field centers. Since December 1968, KSC has been NASA's primary launch center of human spaceflight. Launch operations for the Apollo, Skylab and Space Shuttle programs were carried out from Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39 and managed by KSC.[4] Located on the east coast of Florida, KSC is adjacent to Cape Canaveral Space Force Station (CCSFS). The management of the two entities work very closely together, share resources and operate facilities on each other's property.
Though the first Apollo flights and all Project Mercury and Project Gemini flights took off from the then-Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, the launches were managed by KSC and its previous organization, the Launch Operations Directorate. Starting with the fourth Gemini mission, the NASA launch control center in Florida (Mercury Control Center, later the Launch Control Center) began handing off control of the vehicle to the Mission Control Center in Houston, shortly after liftoff; in prior missions it held control throughout the entire mission.
Additionally, the center manages launch of robotic and commercial crew missions and researches food production and In-Situ Resource Utilization for off-Earth exploration. Since 2010, the center has worked to become a multi-user spaceport through industry partnerships, even adding a new launch pad (LC-39C) in 2015.
There are about 700 facilities and buildings grouped across the center's 144,000 acres (580 km2). Among the unique facilities at KSC are the 525-foot (160 m) tall Vehicle Assembly Building for stacking NASA's largest rockets, the Launch Control Center, which conducts space launches at KSC, the Operations and Checkout Building, which houses the astronauts dormitories and suit-up area, a Space Station factory, and a 3-mile (4.8 km) long Shuttle Landing Facility. There is also a Visitor Complex open to the public on site.
Since 1949, the military had been performing launch operations at what would become Cape Canaveral Space Force Station. In December 1959, the Department of Defense transferred 5,000 personnel and the Missile Firing Laboratory to NASA to become the Launch Operations Directorate under NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center.
President John F. Kennedy's 1961 goal of a crewed lunar landing by 1970 required an expansion of launch operations. On July 1, 1962, the Launch Operations Directorate was separated from MSFC to become the Launch Operations Center (LOC). Also, Cape Canaveral was inadequate to host the new launch facility design required for the mammoth 363-foot (111 m) tall, 7,500,000-pound-force (33,000 kN) thrust Saturn V rocket, which would be assembled vertically in a large hangar and transported on a mobile platform to one of several launch pads. Therefore, the decision was made to build a new LOC site located adjacent to Cape Canaveral on Merritt Island.
NASA began land acquisition in 1962, buying title to 131 square miles (340 km2) and negotiating with the state of Florida for an additional 87 square miles (230 km2). The major buildings in KSC's Industrial Area were designed by architect Charles Luckman. Construction began in November 1962, and Kennedy visited the site twice in 1962, and again just a week before his assassination on November 22, 1963.
On November 29, 1963, the facility was given its current name by President Lyndon B. Johnson under Executive Order 11129. Johnson's order joined both the civilian LOC and the military Cape Canaveral station ("the facilities of Station No. 1 of the Atlantic Missile Range") under the designation "John F. Kennedy Space Center", spawning some confusion joining the two in the public mind. NASA Administrator James E. Webb clarified this by issuing a directive stating the Kennedy Space Center name applied only to the LOC, while the Air Force issued a general order renaming the military launch site Cape Kennedy Air Force Station.
Located on Merritt Island, Florida, the center is north-northwest of Cape Canaveral on the Atlantic Ocean, midway between Miami and Jacksonville on Florida's Space Coast, due east of Orlando. It is 34 miles (55 km) long and roughly six miles (9.7 km) wide, covering 219 square miles (570 km2). KSC is a major central Florida tourist destination and is approximately one hour's drive from the Orlando area. The Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex offers public tours of the center and Cape Canaveral Space Force Station.
The KSC Industrial Area, where many of the center's support facilities are located, is 5 miles (8 km) south of LC-39. It includes the Headquarters Building, the Operations and Checkout Building and the Central Instrumentation Facility. The astronaut crew quarters are in the O&C; before it was completed, the astronaut crew quarters were located in Hangar S[39] at the Cape Canaveral Missile Test Annex (now Cape Canaveral Space Force Station). Located at KSC was the Merritt Island Spaceflight Tracking and Data Network station (MILA), a key radio communications and spacecraft tracking complex.
Facilities at the Kennedy Space Center are directly related to its mission to launch and recover missions. Facilities are available to prepare and maintain spacecraft and payloads for flight. The Headquarters (HQ) Building houses offices for the Center Director, library, film and photo archives, a print shop and security. When the KSC Library first opened, it was part of the Army Ballistic Missile Agency. However, in 1965, the library moved into three separate sections in the newly opened NASA headquarters before eventually becoming a single unit in 1970. The library contains over four million items related to the history and the work at Kennedy. As one of ten NASA center libraries in the country, their collection focuses on engineering, science, and technology. The archives contain planning documents, film reels, and original photographs covering the history of KSC. The library is not open to the public but is available for KSC, Space Force, and Navy employees who work on site. Many of the media items from the collection are digitized and available through NASA's KSC Media Gallery or through their more up-to-date Flickr gallery.
A new Headquarters Building was completed in 2019 as part of the Central Campus consolidation. Groundbreaking began in 2014.
The center operated its own 17-mile (27 km) short-line railroad. This operation was discontinued in 2015, with the sale of its final two locomotives. A third had already been donated to a museum. The line was costing $1.3 million annually to maintain.
The Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex, operated by Delaware North since 1995, has a variety of exhibits, artifacts, displays and attractions on the history and future of human and robotic spaceflight. Bus tours of KSC originate from here. The complex also includes the separate Apollo/Saturn V Center, north of the VAB and the United States Astronaut Hall of Fame, six miles west near Titusville. There were 1.5 million visitors in 2009. It had some 700 employees.
It was announced on May 29, 2015, that the Astronaut Hall of Fame exhibit would be moved from its current location to another location within the Visitor Complex to make room for an upcoming high-tech attraction entitled "Heroes and Legends". The attraction, designed by Orlando-based design firm Falcon's Treehouse, opened November 11, 2016.
In March 2016, the visitor center unveiled the new location of the iconic countdown clock at the complex's entrance; previously, the clock was located with a flagpole at the press site. The clock was originally built and installed in 1969 and listed with the flagpole in the National Register of Historic Places in January 2000. In 2019, NASA celebrated the 50th anniversary of the Apollo program, and the launch of Apollo 10 on May 18. In summer of 2019, Lunar Module 9 (LM-9) was relocated to the Apollo/Saturn V Center as part of an initiative to rededicate the center and celebrate the 50th anniversary of the Apollo Program.
The John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC, originally known as the NASA Launch Operations Center), located on Merritt Island, Florida, is one of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) ten field centers. Since December 1968, KSC has been NASA's primary launch center of American spaceflight, research, and technology. Launch operations for the Apollo, Skylab and Space Shuttle programs were carried out from Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39 and managed by KSC. Located on the east coast of Florida, KSC is adjacent to Cape Canaveral Space Force Station (CCSFS). The management of the two entities work very closely together, share resources and operate facilities on each other's property.
Though the first Apollo flights and all Project Mercury and Project Gemini flights took off from the then-Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, the launches were managed by KSC and its previous organization, the Launch Operations Directorate. Starting with the fourth Gemini mission, the NASA launch control center in Florida (Mercury Control Center, later the Launch Control Center) began handing off control of the vehicle to the Mission Control Center in Houston, shortly after liftoff; in prior missions it held control throughout the entire mission.
Additionally, the center manages launch of robotic and commercial crew missions and researches food production and in-situ resource utilization for off-Earth exploration. Since 2010, the center has worked to become a multi-user spaceport through industry partnerships, even adding a new launch pad (LC-39C) in 2015.
There are about 700 facilities and buildings grouped throughout the center's 144,000 acres (580 km2). Among the unique facilities at KSC are the 525-foot (160 m) tall Vehicle Assembly Building for stacking NASA's largest rockets, the Launch Control Center, which conducts space launches at KSC, the Operations and Checkout Building, which houses the astronauts dormitories and suit-up area, a Space Station factory, and a 3-mile (4.8 km) long Shuttle Landing Facility. There is also a Visitor Complex on site that is open to the public.
Since 1949, the military had been performing launch operations at what would become Cape Canaveral Space Force Station. In December 1959, the Department of Defense transferred 5,000 personnel and the Missile Firing Laboratory to NASA to become the Launch Operations Directorate under NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center.
President John F. Kennedy's 1961 goal of a crewed lunar landing by 1970 required an expansion of launch operations. On July 1, 1962, the Launch Operations Directorate was separated from MSFC to become the Launch Operations Center (LOC). Also, Cape Canaveral was inadequate to host the new launch facility design required for the mammoth 363-foot (111 m) tall, 7,500,000-pound-force (33,000 kN) thrust Saturn V rocket, which would be assembled vertically in a large hangar and transported on a mobile platform to one of several launch pads. Therefore, the decision was made to build a new LOC site located adjacent to Cape Canaveral on Merritt Island.
NASA began land acquisition in 1962, buying title to 131 square miles (340 km2) and negotiating with the state of Florida for an additional 87 square miles (230 km2). The major buildings in KSC's Industrial Area were designed by architect Charles Luckman. Construction began in November 1962, and Kennedy visited the site twice in 1962, and again just a week before his assassination on November 22, 1963.
On November 29, 1963, the facility was named by President Lyndon B. Johnson under Executive Order 11129. Johnson's order joined both the civilian LOC and the military Cape Canaveral station ("the facilities of Station No. 1 of the Atlantic Missile Range") under the designation "John F. Kennedy Space Center", spawning some confusion joining the two in the public mind. NASA Administrator James E. Webb clarified this by issuing a directive stating the Kennedy Space Center name applied only to the LOC, while the Air Force issued a general order renaming the military launch site Cape Kennedy Air Force Station.
Located on Merritt Island, Florida, the center is north-northwest of Cape Canaveral on the Atlantic Ocean, midway between Miami and Jacksonville on Florida's Space Coast, due east of Orlando. It is 34 miles (55 km) long and roughly six miles (9.7 km) wide, covering 219 square miles (570 km2). KSC is a major central Florida tourist destination and is approximately one hour's drive from the Orlando area. The Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex offers public tours of the center and Cape Canaveral Space Force Station.
From 1967 through 1973, there were 13 Saturn V launches, including the ten remaining Apollo missions after Apollo 7. The first of two uncrewed flights, Apollo 4 (Apollo-Saturn 501) on November 9, 1967, was also the first rocket launch from KSC. The Saturn V's first crewed launch on December 21, 1968, was Apollo 8's lunar orbiting mission. The next two missions tested the Lunar Module: Apollo 9 (Earth orbit) and Apollo 10 (lunar orbit). Apollo 11, launched from Pad A on July 16, 1969, made the first Moon landing on July 20. The Apollo 11 launch included crewmembers Neil Armstrong, Michael Collins, and Buzz Aldrin, and attracted a record-breaking 650 million television viewers. Apollo 12 followed four months later. From 1970 to 1972, the Apollo program concluded at KSC with the launches of missions 13 through 17.
On May 14, 1973, the last Saturn V launch put the Skylab space station in orbit from Pad 39A. By this time, the Cape Kennedy pads 34 and 37 used for the Saturn IB were decommissioned, so Pad 39B was modified to accommodate the Saturn IB, and used to launch three crewed missions to Skylab that year, as well as the final Apollo spacecraft for the Apollo–Soyuz Test Project in 1975.
As the Space Shuttle was being designed, NASA received proposals for building alternative launch-and-landing sites at locations other than KSC, which demanded study. KSC had important advantages, including its existing facilities; location on the Intracoastal Waterway; and its southern latitude, which gives a velocity advantage to missions launched in easterly near-equatorial orbits. Disadvantages included: its inability to safely launch military missions into polar orbit, since spent boosters would be likely to fall on the Carolinas or Cuba; corrosion from the salt air; and frequent cloudy or stormy weather. Although building a new site at White Sands Missile Range in New Mexico was seriously considered, NASA announced its decision in April 1972 to use KSC for the shuttle. Since the Shuttle could not be landed automatically or by remote control, the launch of Columbia on April 12, 1981 for its first orbital mission STS-1, was NASA's first crewed launch of a vehicle that had not been tested in prior uncrewed launches.
In 1976, the VAB's south parking area was the site of Third Century America, a science and technology display commemorating the U.S. Bicentennial. Concurrent with this event, the U.S. flag was painted on the south side of the VAB. During the late 1970s, LC-39 was reconfigured to support the Space Shuttle. Two Orbiter Processing Facilities were built near the VAB as hangars with a third added in the 1980s.
KSC's 2.9-mile (4.7 km) Shuttle Landing Facility (SLF) was the orbiters' primary end-of-mission landing site, although the first KSC landing did not take place until the tenth flight, when Challenger completed STS-41-B on February 11, 1984; the primary landing site until then was Edwards Air Force Base in California, subsequently used as a backup landing site. The SLF also provided a return-to-launch-site (RTLS) abort option, which was not utilized. The SLF is among the longest runways in the world.
On October 28, 2009, the Ares I-X launch from Pad 39B was the first uncrewed launch from KSC since the Skylab workshop in 1973.
Beginning in 1958, NASA and military worked side by side on robotic mission launches (previously referred to as unmanned), cooperating as they broke ground in the field. In the early 1960s, NASA had as many as two robotic mission launches a month. The frequent number of flights allowed for quick evolution of the vehicles, as engineers gathered data, learned from anomalies and implemented upgrades. In 1963, with the intent of KSC ELV work focusing on the ground support equipment and facilities, a separate Atlas/Centaur organization was formed under NASA's Lewis Center (now Glenn Research Center (GRC)), taking that responsibility from the Launch Operations Center (aka KSC).
Though almost all robotics missions launched from the Cape Canaveral Space Force Station (CCSFS), KSC "oversaw the final assembly and testing of rockets as they arrived at the Cape." In 1965, KSC's Unmanned Launch Operations directorate became responsible for all NASA uncrewed launch operations, including those at Vandenberg Space Force Base. From the 1950s to 1978, KSC chose the rocket and payload processing facilities for all robotic missions launching in the U.S., overseeing their near launch processing and checkout. In addition to government missions, KSC performed this service for commercial and foreign missions also, though non-U.S. government entities provided reimbursement. NASA also funded Cape Canaveral Space Force Station launch pad maintenance and launch vehicle improvements.
All this changed with the Commercial Space Launch Act of 1984, after which NASA only coordinated its own and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) ELV launches. Companies were able to "operate their own launch vehicles" and utilize NASA's launch facilities. Payload processing handled by private firms also started to occur outside of KSC. Reagan's 1988 space policy furthered the movement of this work from KSC to commercial companies. That same year, launch complexes on Cape Canaveral Air Force Force Station started transferring from NASA to Air Force Space Command management.
In the 1990s, though KSC was not performing the hands-on ELV work, engineers still maintained an understanding of ELVs and had contracts allowing them insight into the vehicles so they could provide knowledgeable oversight. KSC also worked on ELV research and analysis and the contractors were able to utilize KSC personnel as a resource for technical issues. KSC, with the payload and launch vehicle industries, developed advances in automation of the ELV launch and ground operations to enable competitiveness of U.S. rockets against the global market.
In 1998, the Launch Services Program (LSP) formed at KSC, pulling together programs (and personnel) that already existed at KSC, GRC, Goddard Space Flight Center, and more to manage the launch of NASA and NOAA robotic missions. Cape Canaveral Space Force Station and VAFB are the primary launch sites for LSP missions, though other sites are occasionally used. LSP payloads such as the Mars Science Laboratory have been processed at KSC before being transferred to a launch pad on Cape Canaveral Space Force Station.
On 16 November 2022, at 06:47:44 UTC the Space Launch System (SLS) was launched from Complex 39B as part of the Artemis 1 mission.
As the International Space Station modules design began in the early 1990s, KSC began to work with other NASA centers and international partners to prepare for processing before launch onboard the Space Shuttles. KSC utilized its hands-on experience processing the 22 Spacelab missions in the Operations and Checkout Building to gather expectations of ISS processing. These experiences were incorporated into the design of the Space Station Processing Facility (SSPF), which began construction in 1991. The Space Station Directorate formed in 1996. KSC personnel were embedded at station module factories for insight into their processes.
From 1997 to 2007, KSC planned and performed on the ground integration tests and checkouts of station modules: three Multi-Element Integration Testing (MEIT) sessions and the Integration Systems Test (IST). Numerous issues were found and corrected that would have been difficult to nearly impossible to do on-orbit.
Today KSC continues to process ISS payloads from across the world before launch along with developing its experiments for on orbit. The proposed Lunar Gateway would be manufactured and processed at the Space Station Processing Facility.
The following are current programs and initiatives at Kennedy Space Center:
Commercial Crew Program
Exploration Ground Systems Program
NASA is currently designing the next heavy launch vehicle known as the Space Launch System (SLS) for continuation of human spaceflight.
On December 5, 2014, NASA launched the first uncrewed flight test of the Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle (MPCV), currently under development to facilitate human exploration of the Moon and Mars.
Launch Services Program
Educational Launch of Nanosatellites (ELaNa)
Research and Technology
Artemis program
Lunar Gateway
International Space Station Payloads
Camp KSC: educational camps for schoolchildren in spring and summer, with a focus on space, aviation and robotics.
The KSC Industrial Area, where many of the center's support facilities are located, is 5 miles (8 km) south of LC-39. It includes the Headquarters Building, the Operations and Checkout Building and the Central Instrumentation Facility. The astronaut crew quarters are in the O&C; before it was completed, the astronaut crew quarters were located in Hangar S at the Cape Canaveral Missile Test Annex (now Cape Canaveral Space Force Station). Located at KSC was the Merritt Island Spaceflight Tracking and Data Network station (MILA), a key radio communications and spacecraft tracking complex.
Facilities at the Kennedy Space Center are directly related to its mission to launch and recover missions. Facilities are available to prepare and maintain spacecraft and payloads for flight. The Headquarters (HQ) Building houses offices for the Center Director, library, film and photo archives, a print shop and security. When the KSC Library first opened, it was part of the Army Ballistic Missile Agency. However, in 1965, the library moved into three separate sections in the newly opened NASA headquarters before eventually becoming a single unit in 1970. The library contains over four million items related to the history and the work at Kennedy. As one of ten NASA center libraries in the country, their collection focuses on engineering, science, and technology. The archives contain planning documents, film reels, and original photographs covering the history of KSC. The library is not open to the public but is available for KSC, Space Force, and Navy employees who work on site. Many of the media items from the collection are digitized and available through NASA's KSC Media Gallery Archived December 6, 2020, at the Wayback Machine or through their more up-to-date Flickr gallery.
A new Headquarters Building was completed in 2019 as part of the Central Campus consolidation. Groundbreaking began in 2014.
The center operated its own 17-mile (27 km) short-line railroad. This operation was discontinued in 2015, with the sale of its final two locomotives. A third had already been donated to a museum. The line was costing $1.3 million annually to maintain.
The Neil Armstrong Operations and Checkout Building (O&C) (previously known as the Manned Spacecraft Operations Building) is a historic site on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places dating back to the 1960s and was used to receive, process, and integrate payloads for the Gemini and Apollo programs, the Skylab program in the 1970s, and for initial segments of the International Space Station through the 1990s. The Apollo and Space Shuttle astronauts would board the astronaut transfer van to launch complex 39 from the O&C building.
The three-story, 457,000-square-foot (42,500 m2) Space Station Processing Facility (SSPF) consists of two enormous processing bays, an airlock, operational control rooms, laboratories, logistics areas and office space for support of non-hazardous Space Station and Shuttle payloads to ISO 14644-1 class 5 standards. Opened in 1994, it is the largest factory building in the KSC industrial area.
The Vertical Processing Facility (VPF) features a 71-by-38-foot (22 by 12 m) door where payloads that are processed in the vertical position are brought in and manipulated with two overhead cranes and a hoist capable of lifting up to 35 short tons (32 t).
The Hypergolic Maintenance and Checkout Area (HMCA) comprises three buildings that are isolated from the rest of the industrial area because of the hazardous materials handled there. Hypergolic-fueled modules that made up the Space Shuttle Orbiter's reaction control system, orbital maneuvering system and auxiliary power units were stored and serviced in the HMCF.
The Multi-Payload Processing Facility is a 19,647 square feet (1,825.3 m2) building used for Orion spacecraft and payload processing.
The Payload Hazardous Servicing Facility (PHSF) contains a 70-by-110-foot (21 by 34 m) service bay, with a 100,000-pound (45,000 kg), 85-foot (26 m) hook height. It also contains a 58-by-80-foot (18 by 24 m) payload airlock. Its temperature is maintained at 70 °F (21 °C).[55]
The Blue Origin rocket manufacturing facility is located immediately south of the KSC visitor complex. Completed in 2019, it serves as the company's factory for the manufacture of New Glenn orbital rockets.
Launch Complex 39 (LC-39) was originally built for the Saturn V, the largest and most powerful operational launch vehicle until the Space Launch System, for the Apollo crewed Moon landing program. Since the end of the Apollo program in 1972, LC-39 has been used to launch every NASA human space flight, including Skylab (1973), the Apollo–Soyuz Test Project (1975), and the Space Shuttle program (1981–2011).
Since December 1968, all launch operations have been conducted from launch pads A and B at LC-39. Both pads are on the ocean, 3 miles (4.8 km) east of the VAB. From 1969 to 1972, LC-39 was the "Moonport" for all six Apollo crewed Moon landing missions using the Saturn V, and was used from 1981 to 2011 for all Space Shuttle launches.
Human missions to the Moon required the large three-stage Saturn V rocket, which was 363 feet (111 meters) tall and 33 feet (10 meters) in diameter. At KSC, Launch Complex 39 was built on Merritt Island to accommodate the new rocket. Construction of the $800 million project began in November 1962. LC-39 pads A and B were completed by October 1965 (planned Pads C, D and E were canceled), the VAB was completed in June 1965, and the infrastructure by late 1966.
The complex includes: the Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB), a 130,000,000 cubic feet (3,700,000 m3) hangar capable of holding four Saturn Vs. The VAB was the largest structure in the world by volume when completed in 1965.
a transporter capable of carrying 5,440 tons along a crawlerway to either of two launch pads;
a 446-foot (136 m) mobile service structure, with three Mobile Launcher Platforms, each containing a fixed launch umbilical tower;
the Launch Control Center; and
a news media facility.
Launch Complex 48 (LC-48) is a multi-user launch site under construction for small launchers and spacecraft. It will be located between Launch Complex 39A and Space Launch Complex 41, with LC-39A to the north and SLC-41 to the south. LC-48 will be constructed as a "clean pad" to support multiple launch systems with differing propellant needs. While initially only planned to have a single pad, the complex is capable of being expanded to two at a later date.
As a part of promoting commercial space industry growth in the area and the overall center as a multi-user spaceport, KSC leases some of its properties. Here are some major examples:
Exploration Park to multiple users (partnership with Space Florida)
Shuttle Landing Facility to Space Florida (who contracts use to private companies)
Orbiter Processing Facility (OPF)-3 to Boeing (for CST-100 Starliner)
Launch Complex 39A, Launch Control Center Firing Room 4 and land for SpaceX's Roberts Road facility (Hanger X) to SpaceX
O&C High Bay to Lockheed Martin (for Orion processing)
Land for FPL's Space Coast Next Generation Solar Energy Center to Florida Power and Light (FPL)
Hypergolic Maintenance Facility (HMF) to United Paradyne Corporation (UPC)
The Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex, operated by Delaware North since 1995, has a variety of exhibits, artifacts, displays and attractions on the history and future of human and robotic spaceflight. Bus tours of KSC originate from here. The complex also includes the separate Apollo/Saturn V Center, north of the VAB and the United States Astronaut Hall of Fame, six miles west near Titusville. There were 1.5 million visitors in 2009. It had some 700 employees.
It was announced on May 29, 2015, that the Astronaut Hall of Fame exhibit would be moved from its current location to another location within the Visitor Complex to make room for an upcoming high-tech attraction entitled "Heroes and Legends". The attraction, designed by Orlando-based design firm Falcon's Treehouse, opened November 11, 2016.
In March 2016, the visitor center unveiled the new location of the iconic countdown clock at the complex's entrance; previously, the clock was located with a flagpole at the press site. The clock was originally built and installed in 1969 and listed with the flagpole in the National Register of Historic Places in January 2000. In 2019, NASA celebrated the 50th anniversary of the Apollo program, and the launch of Apollo 10 on May 18. In summer of 2019, Lunar Module 9 (LM-9) was relocated to the Apollo/Saturn V Center as part of an initiative to rededicate the center and celebrate the 50th anniversary of the Apollo Program.
Historic locations
NASA lists the following Historic Districts at KSC; each district has multiple associated facilities:
Launch Complex 39: Pad A Historic District
Launch Complex 39: Pad B Historic District
Shuttle Landing Facility (SLF) Area Historic District
Orbiter Processing Historic District
Solid Rocket Booster (SRB) Disassembly and Refurbishment Complex Historic District
NASA KSC Railroad System Historic District
NASA-owned Cape Canaveral Space Force Station Industrial Area Historic District
There are 24 historic properties outside of these historic districts, including the Space Shuttle Atlantis, Vehicle Assembly Building, Crawlerway, and Operations and Checkout Building.[71] KSC has one National Historic Landmark, 78 National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) listed or eligible sites, and 100 Archaeological Sites.
Further information: John F. Kennedy Space Center MPS
Other facilities
The Rotation, Processing and Surge Facility (RPSF) is responsible for the preparation of solid rocket booster segments for transportation to the Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB). The RPSF was built in 1984 to perform SRB operations that had previously been conducted in high bays 2 and 4 of the VAB at the beginning of the Space Shuttle program. It was used until the Space Shuttle's retirement, and will be used in the future by the Space Launch System[75] (SLS) and OmegA rockets.
I downsized my low volume plus blocks to 5" and made this zipper pouch. Dimensions for the 5" block are here.
I used Lawson and Lotti's tutorial for the pouch, here... lawsonandlotti.blogspot.com/2012/01/quilted-zipper-pouch-... It's a great tutorial as you sew the zip in before adding the batting and doing the quilting, no broken needles, hooray! I cut into a few of my 10" low volume squares from Rebecca's awesome low volume swap.