This Mongolia Mongolei Mongolië travel photography photo was taken by Dutch travel photographer Hans Hendriksen. The celebration of the 800th anniversary of the founding of the Mongolian nation in 2006 represented an incredible travel photography opportunity as Mongolia showed its splendour to the world. Many events were held throughout this year to commemorate the unification of the tribes by Chinggis Khan in the year 1206. The culmination of the festivities was Mongolia's national holiday, "Nadaam", held from 11 to 13 of July 2006. The Nadaam festival is the biggest of the year. It runs for three days in all parts of the country and features the greatest athletes in Mongolia's most popular sports: horse racing, archery, and wrestling. Women participate in all but the wrestling category. The competitions take place on the first two days, and the third day is reserved merry-making! Should you want to buy a high-res file for publication, photo print or poster? Visit www.hanshendriksen.net to find all information about the author and how to order or publish his work.

Este Mongolia Mongolei Mongolie viajes fotografía foto fue tomada por el fotógrafo holandés Hans Hendriksen viaje. La celebración del 800 aniversario de la fundación de la nación mongol en 2006 representó una oportunidad increíble de fotografía de viajes como Mongolia mostraron su esplendor a todo el mundo. Muchos eventos se han celebrado a lo largo de este año para conmemorar la unificación de las tribus por Chinggis Khan en el año 1206. La culminación de los festejos fue la fiesta nacional de Mongolia ", Nadaam", que se celebró del 11 al 13 de julio de 2006. Nadaam El festival es el más grande del año. Se ejecuta por tres días en todas partes del país y cuenta con el mayor en los atletas de Mongolia de deportes más populares: carreras de caballos, tiro con arco, y la lucha. Las mujeres participan en todas las categorías, pero la lucha libre. Las competiciones tienen lugar en los dos primeros días, y el tercer día está reservado alegre toma! Si usted quiere comprar un archivo de alta resolución para su publicación, impresión de fotografías o carteles? www.hanshendriksen.net para encontrar toda la información sobre el autor y la forma de orden o publicar su trabajo.

Это Монголия Mongolei Mongolië поездки фотография фотография была сделана голландской поездок фотограф Ханс Hendriksen. Празднование 800-летия со дня основания монгольской нации в 2006 году представляет собой невероятную возможность поездки фотографии Монголии как показали его величия в мире. Многие мероприятия были проведены на протяжении этого года для того, чтобы отметить объединение племен в Чингис Хана в 1206 году. Кульминация торжества был Монголии национальный праздник ", Nadaam", проходившей с 11 по 13 июля 2006 года. В Nadaam фестиваль является крупнейшим в этом году. Она проходит в течение трех дней во всех районах страны и отличается большим спортсменам в Монголии наиболее популярные виды спорта: конные скачки, стрельба из лука, и борьба. Женщины участвуют во всех, но борьба категории. Соревнования проходят в течение первых двух дней, а на третий день резервируется веселых решений! Если вы хотите купить высоким разрешением файл для публикации, фотографии для печати или плакат? Посетите www.hanshendriksen.net чтобы найти всю информацию об авторе и о том, как к тем или опубликовать его работу.

Shown as part of North Korean everyday life exhibits at Unification Observatory, Paju.

The economic crunch in North Korea means school supplies are hard to get, and in low quality. Too often one notebook will have to be used for all subjects.

Most textbooks are printed on low-quality paper in small fonts, with few illustrations. Even then they need to be shared between two students.

Ideological textbooks that cover the achievements of Kim Il-sung and his family, however, are printed lavishly in full color on high-quality paper using big fonts. After all, ideological indoctrination and obedience to the State trump acquisition of actual knowledge.

The Altare della Patria (Altar of the Fatherland) also known as the Monumento Nazionale a Vittorio Emanuele II (National Monument to Victor Emmanuel II) or "Il Vittoriano" is a controversial monument built in honor of Victor Emmanuel, the first king of a unified Italy, located in Rome, Italy. It occupies a site between the Piazza Venezia and the Capitoline Hill.

The eclectic structure was designed by Giuseppe Sacconi in 1885; sculpture for it was parceled out to established sculptors all over Italy, such as Leonardo Bistolfi and Angelo Zanelli. It was inaugurated in 1911 and completed in 1925. The monument is built of white marble from Botticino, Brescia, and features stairways, Corinthian columns, fountains, an equestrian sculpture of Victor Emmanuel and two statues of the goddess Victoria riding on quadrigas. The base of the structure houses the museum of Italian Unification. In 2007, a panoramic elevator was added to the structure, allowing visitors to ride up to the roof for 360 degree views of Rome.

The monument holds the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier with an eternal flame, built under the statue of Italy after World War I following an idea of General Giulio Douhet. The body of the unknown soldier was chosen on 26 October 1921 from among 11 unknown remains by Maria Bergamas, a woman from Gradisca d'Isonzo whose only child was killed during World War I. Her son's body was never recovered. The selected unknown was transferred from Aquileia, where the ceremony with Bergamas had taken place to Rome and buried in a state funeral on 4 November 1921.

The monument was controversial since its construction destroyed a large area of the Capitoline Hill with a Medieval neighbourhood for its sake. The monument itself is often regarded as pompous and too large. It has been described as being "chopped with terrible brutality into the immensely complicated fabric of the hill." It is clearly visible to most of the city of Rome despite being boxy in general shape and lacking a dome or a tower. The monument is also glaringly white, making it highly conspicuous amidst the generally brownish buildings surrounding it, and its stacked, crowded nature has lent it several nicknames. Foreign people sometimes refer to the structure by a variety of nicknames, such as "the wedding cake", whereas Romans commonly call it "the typewriter", although "the zuppa inglese" is also common. Despite all this criticism, the monument still attracts a large number of visitors. Italian President Carlo Azeglio Ciampi fostered the opening of the Vittoriano as a public forum and viewpoint over the City core. This new accessibility allowed visitors to become familiar with the landmark, enabling it to grow in popular, if not critical, reputation.

Modern nation, rich in history, deep in faith

On this day in 1930, King Abdulaziz announced the unification of the country under the name of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

During the era of King Abdullah, the Kingdom witnessed several development achievements, with the current general budget allocated large sums of money to realize development of the human workforce which constitutes the basic pillar of the comprehensive development.

King Abdullah announced the establishment of several economic cities like King Abdullah economic city in Rabigh, and Prince Abdulaziz bin Musaed economic city in Hail area.

Within two years, the number of universities in the country jumped from 8 to about 20.

King Abdullah has been giving big attention to the stability and security of the country.

The system of the allegiance was one of the most important developments during King Abdullah's era. He did his best to develop the educational system and the judicial system.

King Abdulaziz center for national dialogue has started to play its role in spreading the culture of dialogue.

King Abdullah is keen on extending support to brothers and friends who may face natural disasters.

Realizing the importance of awakening the Muslim nation, he called for convening an extraordinary summit in Makkah in December, 2005, and worked for solving the problems of the poor countries.

King Abdullah called for a unified Muslim nation and a comprehensive development that eradicates poverty.

He called for moderation which embodies the tolerance of Islam.

Realizing the importance of the Two Holy Mosques, the Kingdom spent more than SR 70 billion in the last years for implementing expansion projects at the two holy cities.

At the political domain, the Kingdom proceeded ahead on the path of its founder King Abdulaziz, and adopted the policy of moderation, wisdom and farsightedness taking into account the circumstances of the international community and the international relations.

The largest medieval market square in Europe

Main Market Square (Rynek Główny)

The lain in the middle of the Old Town Main Market is the heart of Krakow. It belongs without a doubt to the most beautiful places in the world. With its width and length of each 200 meters, it is considered the largest medieval market square (pl. Rynek) in Europe. It is the starting point for the international crowd of tourists and meeting point of Krakow people. Many major attractions of the city are located on or near the pedestrianized main market.

Medieval Market of 1257

King Bolesław Wstydliwy in 1257 the marketplace had staked under Magdeburg law. The adjoining St. Mary's Church and the located on the square St. Adalbert Church had yet been constructed previously, which is why they evade the accurate development of the main market. The name "Rynek", from the German for "ring", was first used in 1300. It changed several times, until the place in 1882 during the unification of road and place names became "Rynek Główny".

Originally the place was owned by the Polish rulers. King Casimir the Great renounced in 1358 on a large part of his rights on objects in the marketplace and he so allowed the public use. The squared space results from the checkerboard arrangement of streets in Krakow's Old Town. From each side of the square run three streets parallel to each other. The only exception is the ulica Grodzka, which opens in the western corner of the main market. The first bricked building on and around the square arose in the second half of the 13th century.

During the Renaissance and Baroque periods on the marketplace were held many ceremonies of the Polish monarchs, but also beyond this, the main market always has been the scene of many important events and festivals. Thus the Krakow citizens worshiped in 1320 the newly crowned King Ladislaus the Elbow-high. At that time, Krakow became the capital of Poland. From this time on, every king on his coronation day on horseback paraded to the main market. Centuries later, the Kraków Uprising of February 18, 1846 took place here. On the main market square of Krakow also many death sentences were carried out.

For centuries, home to the dealer

The dense development of the main market, to which in addition to several fountains, the main guard, a granary, many chaotically arranged wooden grocery stores and two municipal scales also the old Cracow City Hall belonged, today's so generous space at the beginning of the 19th century still reducing, from 1820 on was removed.

Until the mid-20th century, on market days on certain sections of the market still a brisk trade was carried on. So stretched the poultry market from the street ulica Floriańska to ulica świętego Jana. With flour and oil was traded between square plac Szczepański and ulica Szewska. At the confluence of ulica Sławkowska there was the salt market. Lead has been sold at the confluence of ulica Bracka and coal was handled at the beginning of ulica Wiślna. In addition, there was a market for bread, one for fish and crabs as well as stands for bakers, shoemakers, rope makers, carpenters and potters.

During the German occupation of Poland, the main market was renamed in Adolf Hitler market. After liberation of Cracow on 18 January 1945, the place, as all the other renamed squares and streets, got its name back.

Adorned of famous buildings

Divided is the main market for centuries by the perfectly shaped Cloth Halls, standing in the middle of the square. On the eastern side the main market flows seamlessly into the square Marienplatz (Plac Mariacki), on which with St. Mary's church the best-known house of God of Krakow is located. Right beside, a little hidden by the buildings around the town square, stands the church of St. Barbara. Immediately bordered by a Jesuit monastery.

On the east side of the square in front of the historic Cloth Halls stands the Adam Mickiewicz monument. At its site earlier Jewish traders have hawked their wares. In the southeastern corner there is the St. Adalbert's church, the oldest church of Krakow. In the southwest of the main market stands with the town hall tower a last remnant of the old Cracow City Hall. Immediately at the foot of the town hall tower tourists readily let photograph themselves with an oversized, lying head. This is the bronze statue "Eros bendato" by Polish sculptor Igor Mitoraj.

The more than 40 noble palaces and town houses around the main market combine impressive architecture dating back several centuries and they house many things they are well worth of seeing. It is hard to believe that the renovated houses and palaces are between 500 and 600 years old. Many facades are very narrow, some have only two windows. This is due to the fact that in the olden days the number of windows looking onto the square was determinant for the amount of taxes the homeowners had to pay.

"Salon of the city"

With the main market many legends are connected. One tells that Prince Probus borrowed gold from a witch and later this did not return as agreed. In revenge, she enchanted all his knights in pigeons that populate the main market today. The pigeons together with the cheerful flower women, the horse-drawn carriages waiting for tourists and the various street performers characterize the dear atmosphere of the square.

On the main market quite the whole town of Krakow is gathering, especially when one of the many festivals are being celebrated. For many Krakauer a day without at least a short visit at the "Salon of the city", as they call the main market, also is a lost day. There is nothing better than sitting in summer before one of the many cafes and restaurants and taking in the Mediterranean flair of the main market. But not only on the square life is humming. The surface of the entire old town hides numerous cellars, where bars, cafes, clubs, pubs and restaurants can be found.

Latest attraction is the Museum Podziemia Rynku (in German language, Unterirdischer Marktplatz/Underground Marketplace), since mid-2010 inviting in the medieval underground of the main market. Glazed paths lead visitors to graves of a former cemetery and foundations of old houses. Archaeologists have made ​​this sensational discovery when they took the renovation of the place in recent years as a reason to make archaeological explorations.

Größter mittelalterlicher Marktplatz Europas

Hauptmarkt (Rynek Główny)

Der inmitten der Altstadt gelegene Hauptmarkt ist das Herz Krakaus. Er gehört zweifelsfrei zu den schönsten Plätzen der Welt. Mit seiner Breite und Länge von jeweils 200 Metern gilt er als größter mittelalterlicher Marktplatz (pl. rynek) in Europa. Er ist Ausgangspunkt für das internationale Touristenpublikum und Treffpunkt der Krakauer. Viele bedeutende Sehenswürdigkeiten der Stadt befinden sich auf oder um den verkehrsberuhigten Hauptmarkt.

Mittelalterlicher Marktplatz von 1257

König Bolesław Wstydliwy ließ den Marktplatz 1257 nach Magdeburgischem Recht abstecken. Die angrenzende Marienkirche und die auf dem Platz gelegene St. Adalbertkirche wurden schon vorher errichtet, weshalb sie sich der akkuraten Bebauung des Hauptmarktes entziehen. Der Name "Rynek", aus dem Deutschen für "Ring", wurde erstmals um 1300 gebraucht. Er wechselte mehrfach, bis der Platz 1882 im Zuge der Vereinheitlichung der Straßen- und Platzbezeichnungen zum "Rynek Główny" wurde.

Ursprünglich war der Platz im Besitz der polnischen Herrscher. König Kasimir der Große verzichtete 1358 auf einen Großteil seiner Rechte auf Objekte am Marktplatz und ermöglichte so die öffentliche Nutzung. Der quadratische Platz resultiert aus der schachbrettartigen Anordnung der Straßen in der Krakauer Altstadt. Von jeder Seite des Platzes verlaufen parallel drei Straßen zueinander. Einzige Ausnahme bildet die ulica Grodzka, die in die westliche Ecke des Hauptmarktes mündet. Die ersten gemauerten Gebäude auf und um den Platz entstanden in der zweiten Hälfte des 13. Jahrhunderts.

Während der Renaissance und des Barocks fanden auf dem Marktplatz viele Zeremonien der polnischen Monarchen statt. Auch darüber hinaus war der Hauptmarkt schon immer Schauplatz vieler wichtiger Ereignisse und Feste. So huldigten die Krakauer Bürger 1320 dem frisch gekrönten König Ladislaus Ellenlang. Damals wurde Krakau zur Hauptstadt Polens. Fortan zog jeder König am Tag seiner Krönung zu Pferde auf den Hauptmarkt. Jahrhunderte später fand hier der Krakauer Aufstand vom 18. Februar 1846 statt. Auf dem zentralen Marktplatz Krakaus wurden auch viele Todesurteile vollstreckt.

Jahrhundertelang Heimat der Händler

Die dichte Bebauung des Hauptmarktes, zu der neben mehreren Brunnen, der Hauptwache, einem Kornspeicher, vielen chaotisch angeordneten Krämerläden aus Holz und zwei städtischen Waagen auch das alte Krakauer Rathaus gehörte, das den heute so großzügigen Platz noch zu Beginn des 19. Jahrhunderts verkleinerte, wurde ab 1820 entfernt.

Bis zur Mitte des 20. Jahrhunderts wurde an Markttagen noch reger Handel auf gewissen Abschnitten des Marktes betrieben. So erstreckte sich von der ulica Floriańska bis zur ulica świętego Jana der Geflügelmarkt. Mit Mehl und Öl wurde zwischen plac Szczepański und ulica Szewska gehandelt. An der Einmündung der ulica Sławkowska befand sich der Salzmarkt. Blei wurde an der Einmündung der ulica Bracka verkauft und Kohle wurde zu Beginn der ulica Wiślna umgeschlagen. Außerdem gab es einen Markt für Brot, einen für Fisch und Krebse sowie Stände für Bäcker, Schuhmacher, Seilmacher, Tischler und Töpfer.

Während der deutschen Besatzung Polens wurde der Hauptmarkt in Adolf-Hitler-Markt umbenannt. Nach der Befreiung von Krakau am 18. Januar 1945 erhielt der Platz, wie allen anderen umbenannten Plätze und Straßen, seinen Namen zurück.

Geziert von bekannten Bauwerken

Geteilt wird der Hauptmarkt seit Jahrhunderten von den formvollendeten Tuchhallen, die in der Mitte des Platzes stehen. Auf der Ostseite geht der Hauptmarkt nahtlos in den Marienplatz über, auf dem sich mit der Marienkirche Krakaus bekanntestes Gotteshaus befindet. Gleich daneben, durch die Bebauung um den Marktplatz etwas versteckt, steht die St. Barbarakirche. Unmittelbar an sie grenzt ein Jesuitenkloster.

Auf der Ostseite des Platzes steht vor den historischen Tuchhallen das Adam-Mickiewicz-Denkmal. An seinem Standort haben früher die jüdischen Händler ihre Waren feilgeboten. In der südöstlichen Ecke befindet sich die St. Adalbertkirche, die älteste Kirche von Krakau. Im Südwesten des Hauptmarktes steht mit dem Rathausturm ein letzter Überrest des alten Krakauer Rathauses. Unmittelbar zu Fuße des Rathausturms lassen sich Touristen gerne mit einem überdimensionierten, liegenden Kopf fotografieren. Es handelt sich um die Bronzestatue "Eros Bendato" vom polnischen Bildhauer Igor Mitoraj.

Die mehr als 40 Adelspalästen und Bürgerhäuser rund um den Hauptmarkt vereinen eindrucksvolle Architektur aus mehreren Jahrhunderten und beherbergen viel Sehenswertes. Es ist kaum zu glauben, dass die renovierten Häuser und Palais zwischen 500 und 600 Jahre alt sind. Viele Fassaden sind sehr schmal, einige haben nur zwei Fenster. Das liegt daran, dass früher die Anzahl der zum Platz hinausgehenden Fenster die Höhe der Steuern bestimmte, die die Hausbesitzer zahlen mussten.

"Salon der Stadt"

Mit dem Hauptmarkt sind viele Legenden verbunden. Eine erzählt, dass sich Prinz Probus Gold von einer Hexe lieh und dieses später nicht wie vereinbart zurückgab. Aus Rache verzauberte sie alle seine Ritter in Tauben, die heute den Hauptmarkt bevölkern. Die Tauben prägen gemeinsam mit den fröhlichen Blumenfrauen, den auf Touristen wartenden Pferdekutschen und den verschiedenen Straßenkünstlern die geliebte Atmosphäre des Platzes.

Auf dem Hauptmarkt trift sich ganz Krakau, besonders, wenn eins der vielen Feste gefeiert wird. Für viele Krakauer ist ein Tag ohne wenigstens einen kurzen Besuch auf dem "Salon der Stadt", wie sie den Hauptmarkt auch nennen, ein verlorener Tag. Es gibt nichts schöneres, als im Sommer vor einem der vielen Cafés und Restaurants zu sitzen und das südländische Flair des Hauptmarktes auf sich wirken zu lassen. Doch nicht nur auf dem Platz tobt das Leben. Der Untergrund der gesamten Altstadt verbirgt zahlreiche Kellergewölbe, in denen Bars, Cafés, Clubs, Kneipen und Restaurants zu Hause sind.

Neuste Attraktion ist das Museum Podziemia Rynku (dt. Unterirdischer Marktplatz), das seit Mitte 2010 in den mittelalterlichen Untergrund des Hauptmarktes einlädt. Verglaste Wege führen die Besucher zu Gräbern eines ehemaligen Friedhofs und zu Fundamenten alter Handelshäuser. Archäologen haben diesen sensationellen Fund gemacht, als sie die Erneuerung des Platzes in den vergangenen Jahren zum Anlass archäologischer Erkundungen nahmen.

www.metropolen.de/krakau/sehenswuerdigkeiten/plaetze-stra...

U.S. Secretary of State Michael R. Pompeo welcomes Republic of Korea Minister of Unification Cho Myoung-gyon to the U.S. Department of State in Washington, D.C. on November 16, 2018. [State Department photo/ Public Domain]

This Mongolia Mongolei Mongolië travel photography photo was taken in Ulaan Baatar, Ulan Bator by Dutch travel photographer Hans Hendriksen. The celebration of the 800th anniversary of the founding of the Mongolian nation in 2006 represented an incredible travel photography opportunity as Mongolia showed its splendour to the world. Many events were held throughout this year to commemorate the unification of the tribes by Chinggis Khan in the year 1206. The culmination of the festivities was Mongolia's national holiday, "Nadaam", held from 11 to 13 of July 2006. The Nadaam festival is the biggest of the year. It runs for three days in all parts of the country and features the greatest athletes in Mongolia's most popular sports: horse racing, archery, and wrestling. Women participate in all but the wrestling category. The competitions take place on the first two days, and the third day is reserved merry-making! Should you want to buy a high-res file for publication, photo print or poster? Visit www.hanshendriksen.net to find all information about the author and how to order or publish his work.

Este Mongolia Mongolei Mongolie viajes fotografía foto fue tomada por el fotógrafo holandés Hans Hendriksen viaje. La celebración del 800 aniversario de la fundación de la nación mongol en 2006 representó una oportunidad increíble de fotografía de viajes como Mongolia mostraron su esplendor a todo el mundo. Muchos eventos se han celebrado a lo largo de este año para conmemorar la unificación de las tribus por Chinggis Khan en el año 1206. La culminación de los festejos fue la fiesta nacional de Mongolia ", Nadaam", que se celebró del 11 al 13 de julio de 2006. Nadaam El festival es el más grande del año. Se ejecuta por tres días en todas partes del país y cuenta con el mayor en los atletas de Mongolia de deportes más populares: carreras de caballos, tiro con arco, y la lucha. Las mujeres participan en todas las categorías, pero la lucha libre. Las competiciones tienen lugar en los dos primeros días, y el tercer día está reservado alegre toma! Si usted quiere comprar un archivo de alta resolución para su publicación, impresión de fotografías o carteles? www.hanshendriksen.net para encontrar toda la información sobre el autor y la forma de orden o publicar su trabajo.

Это Монголия Mongolei Mongolië поездки фотография фотография была сделана голландской поездок фотограф Ханс Hendriksen. Празднование 800-летия со дня основания монгольской нации в 2006 году представляет собой невероятную возможность поездки фотографии Монголии как показали его величия в мире. Многие мероприятия были проведены на протяжении этого года для того, чтобы отметить объединение племен в Чингис Хана в 1206 году. Кульминация торжества был Монголии национальный праздник ", Nadaam", проходившей с 11 по 13 июля 2006 года. В Nadaam фестиваль является крупнейшим в этом году. Она проходит в течение трех дней во всех районах страны и отличается большим спортсменам в Монголии наиболее популярные виды спорта: конные скачки, стрельба из лука, и борьба. Женщины участвуют во всех, но борьба категории. Соревнования проходят в течение первых двух дней, а на третий день резервируется веселых решений! Если вы хотите купить высоким разрешением файл для публикации, фотографии для печати или плакат? Посетите www.hanshendriksen.net чтобы найти всю информацию об авторе и о том, как к тем или опубликовать его работу.

celebration of German Unification Day, ferris wheel at festival ground around Brandenburg Gate and "Straße des 17. Juni", Berlin, Germany

Details best viewed in Original Size.

According to Wikipedia, the Altare della Patria (Altar of the Fatherland) also known as the Monumento Nazionale a Vittorio Emanuele II (National Monument to Victor Emmanuel II) or "Il Vittoriano" is a monument built in honour of Victor Emmanuel, the first king of a unified Italy and located between the Piazza Venezia and the Capitoline Hill. The monument was designed by Giuseppe Sacconi in 1885, but the sculpture for it was parceled out to established sculptors all over Italy, such as Leonardo Bistolfi and Angelo Zanelli. The monument was inaugurated in 1911 and completed in 1925. It is built of white marble and features stairways, Corinthian columns, fountains, an equestrian sculpture of Victor Emmanuel and two statues of the goddess Victoria riding on chariots drawn by four horses each. The structure is 443 feet (135m) wide and 230 feet (70m) high. If the chariots and winged victories are included, the height is to 266 feet (81m). The base of the structure houses the museum of Italian Unification an in 2007, a panoramic elevator was added to the structure, allowing visitors to ride up to the roof for 360-degree views of Rome.

Re-unification Highway, North Korea

At the Unification Observatory, Goseong County, Gangwon Province, which is South Korea's northernmost point.

Near the observatory is a small museum covering warfare, the search and repatriation for remains of missing soldiers, and life in South Korean armed forces. The military life is something worth looking into, as every South Korean man must serve two years, and the memories of military service are the common bond that brings them together regardless of socioeconomic status or beliefs. Additionally, the authorities dehumanize certain demographics by denying them this common experience of military service (as is the case for gay men - "psychiatric disorder") or by criminalizing them (conscientious objectors such as Jehovah's Witnesses).

Military habits/slangs are things that the South Korean men's acquaintances - women, foreigners, and else - need to acquaint themselves with.

Meals Ready to Eat, Korean style.

Sometimes it is, indeed, necessary to eat kimchi soup in the midst of an intense battle.

For about 30 years, this building at the corner of Ashland and Estes in Rogers Park has served as a headquarters for the Unification Church aka "the Moonies." It appears in poor repair. Not much goes on inside the space based on what can be seen of the interior through perpetually drawn curtains and blinds.

The building was constructed in 1916, and opened in 1917 as headquarters for the Rogers Park Womens Club. Our historical society's wiki page describes how the building served unique purposes during wartime: "During World War I, the RPWC served as headquarters for all Rogers Park Red Cross work. Upon our entry into World War II, RPWC Red Cross workers set an excellent record of supplies delivered. All possible help was given to service men and women, to discharged veterans, and to those in hospitals. A quarter of a million dollars in War Bonds were sold by RPWC members during the years of 1943-1945 and the club was awarded a Citation of Merit.

In addition to all the assistance extended to our country and to our community during the Depression and during the war years, all of the regular services and philanthropy of the RPWC were still provided."

The Rogers Park Women's Club closed in 1983, and the building was sold soon after to devotees of Syung Moon's Unification Church. More info and recent photos here: chevanstonrogerspark.blogspot.com/2013/03/unification-chu...

Republic of Korea Minister of Unification Cho Myoung-gyon signs U.S. Secretary of State Michael R. Pompeo's guestbook at the U.S. Department of State in Washington, D.C. on November 16, 2018. [State Department photo/ Public Domain]

The largest medieval market square in Europe

Main Market Square (Rynek Główny)

The lain in the middle of the Old Town Main Market is the heart of Krakow. It belongs without a doubt to the most beautiful places in the world. With its width and length of each 200 meters, it is considered the largest medieval market square (pl. Rynek) in Europe. It is the starting point for the international crowd of tourists and meeting point of Krakow people. Many major attractions of the city are located on or near the pedestrianized main market.

Medieval Market of 1257

King Bolesław Wstydliwy in 1257 the marketplace had staked under Magdeburg law. The adjoining St. Mary's Church and the located on the square St. Adalbert Church had yet been constructed previously, which is why they evade the accurate development of the main market. The name "Rynek", from the German for "ring", was first used in 1300. It changed several times, until the place in 1882 during the unification of road and place names became "Rynek Główny".

Originally the place was owned by the Polish rulers. King Casimir the Great renounced in 1358 on a large part of his rights on objects in the marketplace and he so allowed the public use. The squared space results from the checkerboard arrangement of streets in Krakow's Old Town. From each side of the square run three streets parallel to each other. The only exception is the ulica Grodzka, which opens in the western corner of the main market. The first bricked building on and around the square arose in the second half of the 13th century.

During the Renaissance and Baroque periods on the marketplace were held many ceremonies of the Polish monarchs, but also beyond this, the main market always has been the scene of many important events and festivals. Thus the Krakow citizens worshiped in 1320 the newly crowned King Ladislaus the Elbow-high. At that time, Krakow became the capital of Poland. From this time on, every king on his coronation day on horseback paraded to the main market. Centuries later, the Kraków Uprising of February 18, 1846 took place here. On the main market square of Krakow also many death sentences were carried out.

For centuries, home to the dealer

The dense development of the main market, to which in addition to several fountains, the main guard, a granary, many chaotically arranged wooden grocery stores and two municipal scales also the old Cracow City Hall belonged, today's so generous space at the beginning of the 19th century still reducing, from 1820 on was removed.

Until the mid-20th century, on market days on certain sections of the market still a brisk trade was carried on. So stretched the poultry market from the street ulica Floriańska to ulica świętego Jana. With flour and oil was traded between square plac Szczepański and ulica Szewska. At the confluence of ulica Sławkowska there was the salt market. Lead has been sold at the confluence of ulica Bracka and coal was handled at the beginning of ulica Wiślna. In addition, there was a market for bread, one for fish and crabs as well as stands for bakers, shoemakers, rope makers, carpenters and potters.

During the German occupation of Poland, the main market was renamed in Adolf Hitler market. After liberation of Cracow on 18 January 1945, the place, as all the other renamed squares and streets, got its name back.

Adorned of famous buildings

Divided is the main market for centuries by the perfectly shaped Cloth Halls, standing in the middle of the square. On the eastern side the main market flows seamlessly into the square Marienplatz (Plac Mariacki), on which with St. Mary's church the best-known house of God of Krakow is located. Right beside, a little hidden by the buildings around the town square, stands the church of St. Barbara. Immediately bordered by a Jesuit monastery.

On the east side of the square in front of the historic Cloth Halls stands the Adam Mickiewicz monument. At its site earlier Jewish traders have hawked their wares. In the southeastern corner there is the St. Adalbert's church, the oldest church of Krakow. In the southwest of the main market stands with the town hall tower a last remnant of the old Cracow City Hall. Immediately at the foot of the town hall tower tourists readily let photograph themselves with an oversized, lying head. This is the bronze statue "Eros bendato" by Polish sculptor Igor Mitoraj.

The more than 40 noble palaces and town houses around the main market combine impressive architecture dating back several centuries and they house many things they are well worth of seeing. It is hard to believe that the renovated houses and palaces are between 500 and 600 years old. Many facades are very narrow, some have only two windows. This is due to the fact that in the olden days the number of windows looking onto the square was determinant for the amount of taxes the homeowners had to pay.

"Salon of the city"

With the main market many legends are connected. One tells that Prince Probus borrowed gold from a witch and later this did not return as agreed. In revenge, she enchanted all his knights in pigeons that populate the main market today. The pigeons together with the cheerful flower women, the horse-drawn carriages waiting for tourists and the various street performers characterize the dear atmosphere of the square.

On the main market quite the whole town of Krakow is gathering, especially when one of the many festivals are being celebrated. For many Krakauer a day without at least a short visit at the "Salon of the city", as they call the main market, also is a lost day. There is nothing better than sitting in summer before one of the many cafes and restaurants and taking in the Mediterranean flair of the main market. But not only on the square life is humming. The surface of the entire old town hides numerous cellars, where bars, cafes, clubs, pubs and restaurants can be found.

Latest attraction is the Museum Podziemia Rynku (in German language, Unterirdischer Marktplatz/Underground Marketplace), since mid-2010 inviting in the medieval underground of the main market. Glazed paths lead visitors to graves of a former cemetery and foundations of old houses. Archaeologists have made ​​this sensational discovery when they took the renovation of the place in recent years as a reason to make archaeological explorations.

Größter mittelalterlicher Marktplatz Europas

Hauptmarkt (Rynek Główny)

Der inmitten der Altstadt gelegene Hauptmarkt ist das Herz Krakaus. Er gehört zweifelsfrei zu den schönsten Plätzen der Welt. Mit seiner Breite und Länge von jeweils 200 Metern gilt er als größter mittelalterlicher Marktplatz (pl. rynek) in Europa. Er ist Ausgangspunkt für das internationale Touristenpublikum und Treffpunkt der Krakauer. Viele bedeutende Sehenswürdigkeiten der Stadt befinden sich auf oder um den verkehrsberuhigten Hauptmarkt.

Mittelalterlicher Marktplatz von 1257

König Bolesław Wstydliwy ließ den Marktplatz 1257 nach Magdeburgischem Recht abstecken. Die angrenzende Marienkirche und die auf dem Platz gelegene St. Adalbertkirche wurden schon vorher errichtet, weshalb sie sich der akkuraten Bebauung des Hauptmarktes entziehen. Der Name "Rynek", aus dem Deutschen für "Ring", wurde erstmals um 1300 gebraucht. Er wechselte mehrfach, bis der Platz 1882 im Zuge der Vereinheitlichung der Straßen- und Platzbezeichnungen zum "Rynek Główny" wurde.

Ursprünglich war der Platz im Besitz der polnischen Herrscher. König Kasimir der Große verzichtete 1358 auf einen Großteil seiner Rechte auf Objekte am Marktplatz und ermöglichte so die öffentliche Nutzung. Der quadratische Platz resultiert aus der schachbrettartigen Anordnung der Straßen in der Krakauer Altstadt. Von jeder Seite des Platzes verlaufen parallel drei Straßen zueinander. Einzige Ausnahme bildet die ulica Grodzka, die in die westliche Ecke des Hauptmarktes mündet. Die ersten gemauerten Gebäude auf und um den Platz entstanden in der zweiten Hälfte des 13. Jahrhunderts.

Während der Renaissance und des Barocks fanden auf dem Marktplatz viele Zeremonien der polnischen Monarchen statt. Auch darüber hinaus war der Hauptmarkt schon immer Schauplatz vieler wichtiger Ereignisse und Feste. So huldigten die Krakauer Bürger 1320 dem frisch gekrönten König Ladislaus Ellenlang. Damals wurde Krakau zur Hauptstadt Polens. Fortan zog jeder König am Tag seiner Krönung zu Pferde auf den Hauptmarkt. Jahrhunderte später fand hier der Krakauer Aufstand vom 18. Februar 1846 statt. Auf dem zentralen Marktplatz Krakaus wurden auch viele Todesurteile vollstreckt.

Jahrhundertelang Heimat der Händler

Die dichte Bebauung des Hauptmarktes, zu der neben mehreren Brunnen, der Hauptwache, einem Kornspeicher, vielen chaotisch angeordneten Krämerläden aus Holz und zwei städtischen Waagen auch das alte Krakauer Rathaus gehörte, das den heute so großzügigen Platz noch zu Beginn des 19. Jahrhunderts verkleinerte, wurde ab 1820 entfernt.

Bis zur Mitte des 20. Jahrhunderts wurde an Markttagen noch reger Handel auf gewissen Abschnitten des Marktes betrieben. So erstreckte sich von der ulica Floriańska bis zur ulica świętego Jana der Geflügelmarkt. Mit Mehl und Öl wurde zwischen plac Szczepański und ulica Szewska gehandelt. An der Einmündung der ulica Sławkowska befand sich der Salzmarkt. Blei wurde an der Einmündung der ulica Bracka verkauft und Kohle wurde zu Beginn der ulica Wiślna umgeschlagen. Außerdem gab es einen Markt für Brot, einen für Fisch und Krebse sowie Stände für Bäcker, Schuhmacher, Seilmacher, Tischler und Töpfer.

Während der deutschen Besatzung Polens wurde der Hauptmarkt in Adolf-Hitler-Markt umbenannt. Nach der Befreiung von Krakau am 18. Januar 1945 erhielt der Platz, wie allen anderen umbenannten Plätze und Straßen, seinen Namen zurück.

Geziert von bekannten Bauwerken

Geteilt wird der Hauptmarkt seit Jahrhunderten von den formvollendeten Tuchhallen, die in der Mitte des Platzes stehen. Auf der Ostseite geht der Hauptmarkt nahtlos in den Marienplatz über, auf dem sich mit der Marienkirche Krakaus bekanntestes Gotteshaus befindet. Gleich daneben, durch die Bebauung um den Marktplatz etwas versteckt, steht die St. Barbarakirche. Unmittelbar an sie grenzt ein Jesuitenkloster.

Auf der Ostseite des Platzes steht vor den historischen Tuchhallen das Adam-Mickiewicz-Denkmal. An seinem Standort haben früher die jüdischen Händler ihre Waren feilgeboten. In der südöstlichen Ecke befindet sich die St. Adalbertkirche, die älteste Kirche von Krakau. Im Südwesten des Hauptmarktes steht mit dem Rathausturm ein letzter Überrest des alten Krakauer Rathauses. Unmittelbar zu Fuße des Rathausturms lassen sich Touristen gerne mit einem überdimensionierten, liegenden Kopf fotografieren. Es handelt sich um die Bronzestatue "Eros Bendato" vom polnischen Bildhauer Igor Mitoraj.

Die mehr als 40 Adelspalästen und Bürgerhäuser rund um den Hauptmarkt vereinen eindrucksvolle Architektur aus mehreren Jahrhunderten und beherbergen viel Sehenswertes. Es ist kaum zu glauben, dass die renovierten Häuser und Palais zwischen 500 und 600 Jahre alt sind. Viele Fassaden sind sehr schmal, einige haben nur zwei Fenster. Das liegt daran, dass früher die Anzahl der zum Platz hinausgehenden Fenster die Höhe der Steuern bestimmte, die die Hausbesitzer zahlen mussten.

"Salon der Stadt"

Mit dem Hauptmarkt sind viele Legenden verbunden. Eine erzählt, dass sich Prinz Probus Gold von einer Hexe lieh und dieses später nicht wie vereinbart zurückgab. Aus Rache verzauberte sie alle seine Ritter in Tauben, die heute den Hauptmarkt bevölkern. Die Tauben prägen gemeinsam mit den fröhlichen Blumenfrauen, den auf Touristen wartenden Pferdekutschen und den verschiedenen Straßenkünstlern die geliebte Atmosphäre des Platzes.

Auf dem Hauptmarkt trift sich ganz Krakau, besonders, wenn eins der vielen Feste gefeiert wird. Für viele Krakauer ist ein Tag ohne wenigstens einen kurzen Besuch auf dem "Salon der Stadt", wie sie den Hauptmarkt auch nennen, ein verlorener Tag. Es gibt nichts schöneres, als im Sommer vor einem der vielen Cafés und Restaurants zu sitzen und das südländische Flair des Hauptmarktes auf sich wirken zu lassen. Doch nicht nur auf dem Platz tobt das Leben. Der Untergrund der gesamten Altstadt verbirgt zahlreiche Kellergewölbe, in denen Bars, Cafés, Clubs, Kneipen und Restaurants zu Hause sind.

Neuste Attraktion ist das Museum Podziemia Rynku (dt. Unterirdischer Marktplatz), das seit Mitte 2010 in den mittelalterlichen Untergrund des Hauptmarktes einlädt. Verglaste Wege führen die Besucher zu Gräbern eines ehemaligen Friedhofs und zu Fundamenten alter Handelshäuser. Archäologen haben diesen sensationellen Fund gemacht, als sie die Erneuerung des Platzes in den vergangenen Jahren zum Anlass archäologischer Erkundungen nahmen.

www.metropolen.de/krakau/sehenswuerdigkeiten/plaetze-stra...

Unified Korea at the DMZ.

Soviet Open Day, popular after the unification of Germany, this one at an engineer barracks. The "facilities"; pretty basic for our tastes, but a common sight to more adventurous travellers around the world. These must have been "bulled up" for the visit. A visitor to many Russian army barracks in the Former Soviet Union, I find this toilet to be atypically hygienic. Some I have used ideally needed a gas mask to be worn, and you were grateful there was no body contact with any of the porcelain!

This Mongolia Mongolei Mongolië travel photography photo was taken in Ulaan Baatar, Ulan Bator by Dutch travel photographer Hans Hendriksen. The celebration of the 800th anniversary of the founding of the Mongolian nation in 2006 represented an incredible travel photography opportunity as Mongolia showed its splendour to the world. Many events were held throughout this year to commemorate the unification of the tribes by Chinggis Khan in the year 1206. The culmination of the festivities was Mongolia's national holiday, "Nadaam", held from 11 to 13 of July 2006. The Nadaam festival is the biggest of the year. It runs for three days in all parts of the country and features the greatest athletes in Mongolia's most popular sports: horse racing, archery, and wrestling. Women participate in all but the wrestling category. The competitions take place on the first two days, and the third day is reserved merry-making! Should you want to buy a high-res file for publication, photo print or poster? Visit www.hanshendriksen.net to find all information about the author and how to order or publish his work.

Este Mongolia Mongolei Mongolie viajes fotografía foto fue tomada por el fotógrafo holandés Hans Hendriksen viaje. La celebración del 800 aniversario de la fundación de la nación mongol en 2006 representó una oportunidad increíble de fotografía de viajes como Mongolia mostraron su esplendor a todo el mundo. Muchos eventos se han celebrado a lo largo de este año para conmemorar la unificación de las tribus por Chinggis Khan en el año 1206. La culminación de los festejos fue la fiesta nacional de Mongolia ", Nadaam", que se celebró del 11 al 13 de julio de 2006. Nadaam El festival es el más grande del año. Se ejecuta por tres días en todas partes del país y cuenta con el mayor en los atletas de Mongolia de deportes más populares: carreras de caballos, tiro con arco, y la lucha. Las mujeres participan en todas las categorías, pero la lucha libre. Las competiciones tienen lugar en los dos primeros días, y el tercer día está reservado alegre toma! Si usted quiere comprar un archivo de alta resolución para su publicación, impresión de fotografías o carteles? www.hanshendriksen.net para encontrar toda la información sobre el autor y la forma de orden o publicar su trabajo.

Это Монголия Mongolei Mongolië поездки фотография фотография была сделана голландской поездок фотограф Ханс Hendriksen. Празднование 800-летия со дня основания монгольской нации в 2006 году представляет собой невероятную возможность поездки фотографии Монголии как показали его величия в мире. Многие мероприятия были проведены на протяжении этого года для того, чтобы отметить объединение племен в Чингис Хана в 1206 году. Кульминация торжества был Монголии национальный праздник ", Nadaam", проходившей с 11 по 13 июля 2006 года. В Nadaam фестиваль является крупнейшим в этом году. Она проходит в течение трех дней во всех районах страны и отличается большим спортсменам в Монголии наиболее популярные виды спорта: конные скачки, стрельба из лука, и борьба. Женщины участвуют во всех, но борьба категории. Соревнования проходят в течение первых двух дней, а на третий день резервируется веселых решений! Если вы хотите купить высоким разрешением файл для публикации, фотографии для печати или плакат? Посетите www.hanshendriksen.net чтобы найти всю информацию об авторе и о том, как к тем или опубликовать его работу.

Montepulciano è un comune di 14.522 abitanti della provincia di Siena, posto a 605 metri sul livello del mare, a cavallo tra la Valdichiana e la Val d'Orcia.

Di antica e lunga storia, Montepulciano ha origini dal popolo degli Etruschi a partire dal IV secolo a.C.

Ha notorietà anche per la ricchezza di ottimi vigneti da dove si ricava il vino Nobile di Montepulciano DOCG.

Montepulciano è un composto di Monte e Policiano, Polciano o Pulciano, dall'etrusco purth che significa condottiero, dittatore, magistrato. Da questo termine deriva anche il nome Porsenna. Da purth a purz, poi secondo il Pauli, purzna, pulitina e pulitiana. Dal nome latino di persona Publicius con l'aggiunta del suffisso -anus che indica appartenenza non puà derivare politiana, perché da publicius non viene pullicianus, pubblicianus.

Montepulciano deriva da Purth (si pronuncia Purz) dal termine etrusco che significa: comandante, dittatore, generale, condottiero. Da questo termine deriva anche il nome Porsenna, che non era il vero nome del famoso lucumone di Chiusi, ma lo divenne per antonomasia. Da Purth dunque purthna (il luogo di Porsenna), e da purthna pulthna, pulitina, pulitiana.

Il centro abitato ha caratteristiche di borgo medievale a forma di S ed è racchiuso entro tre cerchia di mura, costruite tutte verso il XIV secolo.

Di origine etrusca e fondata, secondo la leggenda da Porsenna, Lucumone di Chiusi; alcuni documenti e reperti rinvenuti in Fortezza, ne fanno risalire l'esistenza già al IV-III secolo a.C. In epoca romana fu sede di un esercito posto a difesa delle strade consolari. Fu evangelizzata da San Donato, vescovo di Arezzo nel IV secolo.

Nel luogo dell'attuale Chiesa della Madonna di San Biagio, esisteva la Sancta Mater Ecclesia in Castello Pulliciano, così in un documento del 715 in epoca longobarda conobbe il suo primo sviluppo; infatti in alcuni atti notarili dell'Archivio dell'Abbazia del SS. Salvatore sull'Amiata, si trovano documenti tra i quali uno dell'806 ed i testimoni, tutti di Montepulciano, erano preti, chierici, un medico e un orafo, segno di un elevato livello civile e culturale.

Nel XII secolo, la Repubblica di Siena volendo sottomettere Montepulciano, libera e ricca, dette inizio ad una serie di guerre, che i Poliziani affrontarono con l'aiuto di Perugia e di Orvieto, ma più assiduamente e con esiti alterni, con l'appoggio di Firenze.

All'inizio del XIII secolo la vitalità della città, promossa dall'intrapendenza della borghesia mercantile, manifatturiera e agricola, prese ad attirare le mire di Firenze e Siena.

Il Trecento fu segnato da forti contese per il potere tra le famiglie maggiori; una relativa stabilità si ebbe sotto la Famiglia Del Pecora che, divisi al loro interno nell'appoggiare Firenze, Siena o Perugia, divennero Signori di Valiano e tiranni di Montepulciano.

Nel 1390 Montepulciano si alleò stabilmente con Firenze, cui premeva disporre di un caposaldo strategico a sud di Siena.

Dagli inizi del Quattrocento a metà del Cinquecento, Montepulciano ebbe il proprio periodo aureo, scandito da stabilità politica, prestigio culturale, fioritura artistica.

Il XV secolo fu l'epoca dell'umanista Bartolomeo Aragazzi, segretario apostolico di Papa Martino V e del grandissimo poeta Angelo Poliziano. Un'eccezionale fervore edilizio contrassegnò il XVI secolo: architetti quali Antonio da Sangallo il Vecchio, Jacopo Barozzi detto Vignola, Baldassarre Peruzzi, Ippolito Scalza eressero sontuose dimore patrizie, splendide chiese e diversi punti del centro urbano furono abbelliti.

In questo periodo visse il cardinale Marcello Cervini, che sedette sul soglio pontificio per soli 28 giorni con il nome di Marcello II.

Nel 1511, i Poliziani, conclusa la definitiva pace con i Fiorentini, incisero sulla porta e sull'architrave della sala del consiglio la seguente iscrizione: Recuperatio Libertatis, A.D. 1511.

Dal 1559, con la sottomissione di Siena al principato mediceo, Montepulciano perse parte della rilevanza strategica e politica passata, ma mantenne il prestigio. Si stabilirono a Montepulciano storiche famiglie poliziane dei Nobili, Tarugi, Contucci, Bellarmino, Ricci, Cervini, Benci, Cini, Cocconi e numerose altre, che dettero grandi uomini alla Chiesa, alle lettere, alle arti e alle armi: un sommo pontefice, numerosi Cardinali, molte decine di Vescovi, Prelati insigni in grande numero, ed una grande quantità di uomini che furono eccellenti in molte discipline. Uno dei suoi figli più affezionati, il cardinale Giovanni Ricci, nel 1561, ottenne da Papa Pio IV, con il consenso del Granduca, che Montepulciano fosse decorata della sede episcopale e del titolo della città. Montepulciano ottenne così l'elevazione a sede episcopale e si eseguì la successiva demolizione dell'antica pieve per costruire l'imponente cattedrale (1594) su progetto di Ippolito Scalza e secondo i principi della Controriforma, della quale uno dei padri emeriti fu il poliziano cardinale Roberto Bellarmino.

Alla morte del cardinale Giovanni Ricci, il Granduca Ferdinando lasciò i Capitanati di Montepulciano e Pietrasanta al libero governo della Granduchessa Cristina di Lorena che vi rimasero fino alla sua morte, avvenuta nel 1636. La Granduchessa dette molto impulso alla costruzione della nuova Cattedrale, dove il Vescovo Antonio Cervini, nel 1680 celebrò per primo il Pontificale e fu consacrata nel 1712 dal Vescovo Francesco Maria Arrighi, che nel 1714 consacrò la Chiesa del Gesù.

Nel 1700 il vescovo Cervini consacrò anche la Chiesa di Sant'Agnese e nel 1714 il vescovo Angelo Maria Vantini consacrò la Chiesa di Santa Maria delle Grazie.

Nel XVIII secolo fiorì l'Accademia degli Intrigati, che, insieme all'attività letteraria, edificò nel 1793 un teatro, negli stanzoni del quattrocentesco Monte di Pietà, come aveva già fatto in precedenza in Via Collazzi ed in Palazzo Comunale.

La lunga stagione lorense segnò per Montepulciano l'inizio di una diffusa ripresa economica e sociale. La bonifica della Valdichiana favorì la ricolonizzazione agricola del fertile fondovalle; la conseguente riorganizzazione del sistema viario facilitò i contatti commerciali. Con l'Unità d'Italia, Montepulciano s'impose come principale mercato agricolo dell'area, mentre le attività imprenditoriali slittarono verso il fondovalle, attratte dalla ferrovia (presente fin dal 1884) e dalla maggior facilità di collegamento con l'emergente nodo ferroviario di Chiusi.

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Montepulciano é uma comuna italiana da região da Toscana, província de Siena, com cerca de 13.870 habitantes. Estende-se por uma área de 165 km2, tendo uma densidade populacional de 84 hab/km2. Faz fronteira com Castiglione del Lago (PG), Chianciano Terme, Chiusi, Cortona (AR), Pienza, Torrita di Siena. Foi nessa região que foram gravadas algumas cenas de Lua Nova,que são exibidas no final do longa,quando Bella viaja para Itália junto com Alice para salvar Edward.

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Montepulciano, a medieval and Renaissance hill town and comune in the province of Siena in southern Tuscany, (Italy). Montepulciano, with an elevation of 605 m, sits on a high limestone ridge. By car it is 13 km E of Pienza; 70 km SE of Siena, 124 km SE of Florence, and 186 km north of Rome.

Montepulciano is a major producer of food and drink. Montepulciano is known world-wide for its fabulous wine. Wine connoisseurs consider its Vino Nobile among Italy's best. However, the Vino Nobile di Montepulciano should not be confused with the varietal wine (Montepulciano grape) of the same name. Montepulciano is also known for its pork, cheese, "pici" pasta (a thick, rough, chewy variant on spaghetti), lentils, and honey.

The name of Montepulciano derives from Latin Mons and Publicianus ("Mount of Publicianus"). According to legend, it was founded by the Etruscan King Porsenna of Chiusi; recent findings prove that a settlement was already in existence in the 4th-3rd centuries BC. In Roman times it was the seat of a garrison guarding the main roads of the area.

After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, it developed as a religious center under the Lombards. In the 12th century it was repeatedly attacked by the Republic of Siena, which the Poliziani faced with the help of the Perugia and Orvieto, and sometimes Florence, communes. The 14th century was characterized by constant struggles between the local noble families, until the Del Pecora family became rulers of the town. From 1390, Montepulciano was a loyal ally (and later possession) of Florence and, until the mid-16th century, lived a period of splendour with architects such as Antonio da Sangallo the Elder, Jacopo Barozzi da Vignola, Baldassarre Peruzzi, Ippolito Scalza and others, building luxurious residences and other edifices here. In 1559, when Siena was conquered by Florence and Montepulciano lost its strategic role, its importance declined.

After the unification of Italy and the drying of the Val di Chiana, the town remained the most important agricultural centre in the area, while the industrial activities moved mostly next to Chiusi, which was nearer to the railroad being built in that period.

Linda Proud's The Botticelli Trilogy centres on the life of Angelo Poliziano. The second volume in particular, Pallas and the Centaur (2004), deals with his boyhood in Montepulciano, and the life of his sister Maria. The novel contains vivid detail of the city and surrounding country and an authoritative account of the murder of Poliziano's father derived from local knowledge.

Only by for Austria successful outcome of Ottoman wars in Europe the conditions were given to turn the old Hofburg, which until now was more fortress than imperial residence, into a befitting palace of a powerful dynasty. When Emperor Charles VI in 1711 succeeded to the throne, stood along the Schaufler alley until St. Michael's square yet the old two-story Chancellery Wing from the time of Ferdinand I. It was significantly lower than the Amalien wing and the Leopoldine wing, bordering the Interior Castle courtyard on the southwest and the southeast side. Between the Chancellery Wing and the Swiss courtyard there was a by Daniel Suttinger created Gate construction. In its place erected Johann Lukas von Hildebrandt in 1712 the so-called Carolingian Triumphal Arch but which was as well demolished in 1728 because now they had laid the foundation for a much more representative Chancellery Wing and in 1723 started the construction work. Hildebrandt's plans provided the unification of the entire inner castle but failed in the end due to the immense cost. 1726 he had to cede construction management to in the meantime appointed Court architect Joseph Emanuel Fischer von Erlach. This one let the already finished construction at Schaufler alley remain but put in front of it the splendid late baroque wing at the courtyard side. Fischer too could due to lack of sufficient liquid funds of the Imperial family his ideas which comprehended also the entire castle not fully realize. Work came to a halt in 1735 and was finally discontinued. The St. Michael's gate was only from 1888 after the demolition of the old Hofburg theater finished.

Herakles of Mattielli

In Chancellery wing were until 1806 when Emperor Franz II/I resigned the Roman-German Imperial Crown the central offices of the administration of the Holy Roman Empire housed. This included especially as the most important Imperial authority the Aulic Councel. 1810 lived here the French ambassador Berthier, when he, on behalf of Napoleon, asked for the hand of Maria Louise, the daughter of Francis I. At the time of the Vienna Congress in some rooms of the Imperial Chancellery Wing was housed the king of Bavaria. 1848 served archduke Johann a suite of rooms as an apartment. In the summer of this year, he received in Great Audience Hall a delegation from Frankfurt Imperial Diet, offering him the dignity of a "German Imperial Regent". A few years later the rooms were renovated, refurbished and converted into apartments for the Imperial family. Traditionally, no Austrian Emperor has taken over the apartment of his predecessor. Franz Joseph moved into his apartment in 1857, three years after his marriage, and lived there until his death in 1916. The apartment of his wife Elisabeth was in the neighboring Amalien wing. Today, the Imperial Apartments as well as the recently opened Sisi Museum and the former Court Silver and Table Room can be visited. The latter is dedicated to the culture of courtly household and the court ceremonial.

While the front is not very spectacular in Schaufler alley, turns the five-story face side of the Imperial Chancellery Wing towards the interior courtyard. This one served till the 16th century as a tournament court. In 1561 issued Thurnierbuch (tournament book) is yet of tournaments of the future Emperor Maximilian II reported which this one had held here in June of last year. In the 17th century but here no more tournaments took place but mounted tournaments, as the then popular horse ballet. The long facade facing the courtyard is accented by three only little projecting risalits with portals and balconies (1727/29) and divided by giant pilasters. The design of the façade is already reminiscent of the design language of French classicism. Franz Joseph and Elisabeth got through the Imperor's gate in central projection to their rooms on the first floor. The leading upwards Emperor's stairway has a magnificent stucco marble equipment and is decorated with gilted bronze vases. But it is hardly ever used. Today's visitor entrance to the Imperial Apartments is located beneath the dome of St. Michael's gate. The five windows above the Emperor's gate are preceded by a long balcony which rests on strong consoles. On the attic of the central projection is attached the huge blazon of Emperor Charles VI with the double-headed eagle. It is overtopped by the German imperial crown and surrounded by a golden chain with the Golden Fleece. Flanked is it by two, carrying trumpets genii. Beside the portals of the side projections stand each two sandstone sculptures of Lorenzo Mattielli. They show the deeds of Hercules. On the ground floor were housed until 1918 various court offices, as the Chamber for payments of the Court, the House, Court and State Archives (until 1902) and the Control office of the Court. In the premises of once Imperial linen room was from 1921 to 1987 the Vienna tapestry manufacture whose leading products have been exported throughout the world.

Study of Franz Joseph

Additionally to the living quarters of the Emperor - those of the Empress were in neighboring Amalien wing - belongs to the Imperial Apartments the Guard room where the bodyguards were on sentry duty but most of all the large Audience waiting room and the Audience chamber, where the Emperor, standing at his desk, used to receive his visitors individually. Under Maria Theresa, took place the deliberations of the Imperial, Court and State Councils of the former Imperial Chancellery in Audience waiting room. Unfortunately, this beautiful, decorated in white, red and gold hall was similarly to fairy-tale grotto recently equipped with figurines in the national costume of the individual crown lands in order to document that here waited people from all walks of life and from all provinces of the country for an audience. During his long reign, there were at least more than 250,000. In this room, hang large, many-figured murals (1832) of Biedermeier painter Peter Krafft, showing scenes from the life of Emperor Franz I. From the ceiling hangs a eighty-flammy Bohemian crystal chandelier still dating from the time of Maria Theresa. The originally fitted with candles chandelier of the Imperial apartments were in 1891 electrified. The ornate pottery kilns partly still stem from the 18th century. They were heated externally via the situated behind the rooms heating passage with wood. In the equipment of his private rooms the personal modesty of the emperor is reflected. Unlike his wife, he had not even running water injected. Noteworthy is also the simple iron military bed that served him for decades as a place to sleep. His office, in which he most of the time was yet active from six o'clock in the morning is adorned with numerous photos and paintings of his family. Here hangs also a famous portrait of the Empress by Franz Xaver Winterhalter. The equipment of the 22 official and residential premises of Emperor Franz Joseph and his wife Elisabeth, which today can be visited as Imperial Apartments, stems from several eras: from late Baroque to Rococo and the Empire to the 19th century neo-Baroque. These include also the four rooms of Stephan's apartment which is named after Archduke Stephan Viktor. The former theater corridor which enabled a direct connection to the old Hofburg Theater is walled off today.

www.burgen-austria.com/archive.php?id=512Only by for Austria successful outcome of Ottoman wars in Europe the conditions were given to turn the old Hofburg, which until now was more fortress than imperial residence, into a befitting palace of a powerful dynasty. When Emperor Charles VI in 1711 succeeded to the throne, stood along the Schaufler alley until St. Michael's square yet the old two-story Chancellery Wing from the time of Ferdinand I. It was significantly lower than the Amalien wing and the Leopoldine wing, bordering the Interior Castle courtyard on the southwest and the southeast side. Between the Chancellery Wing and the Swiss courtyard there was a by Daniel Suttinger created Gate construction. In its place erected Johann Lukas von Hildebrandt in 1712 the so-called Carolingian Triumphal Arch but which was as well demolished in 1728 because now they had laid the foundation for a much more representative Chancellery Wing and in 1723 started the construction work. Hildebrandt's plans provided the unification of the entire inner castle but failed in the end due to the immense cost. 1726 he had to cede construction management to in the meantime appointed Court architect Joseph Emanuel Fischer von Erlach. This one let the already finished construction at Schaufler alley remain but put in front of it the splendid late baroque wing at the courtyard side. Fischer too could due to lack of sufficient liquid funds of the Imperial family his ideas which comprehended also the entire castle not fully realize. Work came to a halt in 1735 and was finally discontinued. The St. Michael's gate was only from 1888 after the demolition of the old Hofburg theater finished.

Herakles of Mattielli

In Chancellery wing were until 1806 when Emperor Franz II/I resigned the Roman-German Imperial Crown the central offices of the administration of the Holy Roman Empire housed. This included especially as the most important Imperial authority the Aulic Councel. 1810 lived here the French ambassador Berthier, when he, on behalf of Napoleon, asked for the hand of Maria Louise, the daughter of Francis I. At the time of the Vienna Congress in some rooms of the Imperial Chancellery Wing was housed the king of Bavaria. 1848 served archduke Johann a suite of rooms as an apartment. In the summer of this year, he received in Great Audience Hall a delegation from Frankfurt Imperial Diet, offering him the dignity of a "German Imperial Regent". A few years later the rooms were renovated, refurbished and converted into apartments for the Imperial family. Traditionally, no Austrian Emperor has taken over the apartment of his predecessor. Franz Joseph moved into his apartment in 1857, three years after his marriage, and lived there until his death in 1916. The apartment of his wife Elisabeth was in the neighboring Amalien wing. Today, the Imperial Apartments as well as the recently opened Sisi Museum and the former Court Silver and Table Room can be visited. The latter is dedicated to the culture of courtly household and the court ceremonial.

While the front is not very spectacular in Schaufler alley, turns the five-story face side of the Imperial Chancellery Wing towards the interior courtyard. This one served till the 16th century as a tournament court. In 1561 issued Thurnierbuch (tournament book) is yet of tournaments of the future Emperor Maximilian II reported which this one had held here in June of last year. In the 17th century but here no more tournaments took place but mounted tournaments, as the then popular horse ballet. The long facade facing the courtyard is accented by three only little projecting risalits with portals and balconies (1727/29) and divided by giant pilasters. The design of the façade is already reminiscent of the design language of French classicism. Franz Joseph and Elisabeth got through the Imperor's gate in central projection to their rooms on the first floor. The leading upwards Emperor's stairway has a magnificent stucco marble equipment and is decorated with gilted bronze vases. But it is hardly ever used. Today's visitor entrance to the Imperial Apartments is located beneath the dome of St. Michael's gate. The five windows above the Emperor's gate are preceded by a long balcony which rests on strong consoles. On the attic of the central projection is attached the huge blazon of Emperor Charles VI with the double-headed eagle. It is overtopped by the German imperial crown and surrounded by a golden chain with the Golden Fleece. Flanked is it by two, carrying trumpets genii. Beside the portals of the side projections stand each two sandstone sculptures of Lorenzo Mattielli. They show the deeds of Hercules. On the ground floor were housed until 1918 various court offices, as the Chamber for payments of the Court, the House, Court and State Archives (until 1902) and the Control office of the Court. In the premises of once Imperial linen room was from 1921 to 1987 the Vienna tapestry manufacture whose leading products have been exported throughout the world.

Study of Franz Joseph

Additionally to the living quarters of the Emperor - those of the Empress were in neighboring Amalien wing - belongs to the Imperial Apartments the Guard room where the bodyguards were on sentry duty but most of all the large Audience waiting room and the Audience chamber, where the Emperor, standing at his desk, used to receive his visitors individually. Under Maria Theresa, took place the deliberations of the Imperial, Court and State Councils of the former Imperial Chancellery in Audience waiting room. Unfortunately, this beautiful, decorated in white, red and gold hall was similarly to fairy-tale grotto recently equipped with figurines in the national costume of the individual crown lands in order to document that here waited people from all walks of life and from all provinces of the country for an audience. During his long reign, there were at least more than 250,000. In this room, hang large, many-figured murals (1832) of Biedermeier painter Peter Krafft, showing scenes from the life of Emperor Franz I. From the ceiling hangs a eighty-flammy Bohemian crystal chandelier still dating from the time of Maria Theresa. The originally fitted with candles chandelier of the Imperial apartments were in 1891 electrified. The ornate pottery kilns partly still stem from the 18th century. They were heated externally via the situated behind the rooms heating passage with wood. In the equipment of his private rooms the personal modesty of the emperor is reflected. Unlike his wife, he had not even running water injected. Noteworthy is also the simple iron military bed that served him for decades as a place to sleep. His office, in which he most of the time was yet active from six o'clock in the morning is adorned with numerous photos and paintings of his family. Here hangs also a famous portrait of the Empress by Franz Xaver Winterhalter. The equipment of the 22 official and residential premises of Emperor Franz Joseph and his wife Elisabeth, which today can be visited as Imperial Apartments, stems from several eras: from late Baroque to Rococo and the Empire to the 19th century neo-Baroque. These include also the four rooms of Stephan's apartment which is named after Archduke Stephan Viktor. The former theater corridor which enabled a direct connection to the old Hofburg Theater is walled off today.

www.burgen-austria.com/archive.php?id=512

BCWF Wrestling - Wrestle World IV - Legion Von Creed Vs Andy namite, Joey D

Legion Von Creed (c) def. (Pin) Andy namite, Joey D (c)

Type of match : Table Match

Title Unification

For : BWS championship (No Change)

BCWF european championship (New Champ)

( BCWF Wrestle World IV a Grivegnee, Liege, le vendredi 9 novembre ! )

Unified Korea at the DMZ.

This Mongolia Mongolei Mongolië travel photography photo was taken by Dutch travel photographer Hans Hendriksen. The celebration of the 800th anniversary of the founding of the Mongolian nation in 2006 represented an incredible travel photography opportunity as Mongolia showed its splendour to the world. Many events were held throughout this year to commemorate the unification of the tribes by Chinggis Khan in the year 1206. The culmination of the festivities was Mongolia's national holiday, "Nadaam", held from 11 to 13 of July 2006. The Nadaam festival is the biggest of the year. It runs for three days in all parts of the country and features the greatest athletes in Mongolia's most popular sports: horse racing, archery, and wrestling. Women participate in all but the wrestling category. The competitions take place on the first two days, and the third day is reserved merry-making! Should you want to buy a high-res file for publication, photo print or poster? Visit www.hanshendriksen.net to find all information about the author and how to order or publish his work.

Este Mongolia Mongolei Mongolie viajes fotografía foto fue tomada por el fotógrafo holandés Hans Hendriksen viaje. La celebración del 800 aniversario de la fundación de la nación mongol en 2006 representó una oportunidad increíble de fotografía de viajes como Mongolia mostraron su esplendor a todo el mundo. Muchos eventos se han celebrado a lo largo de este año para conmemorar la unificación de las tribus por Chinggis Khan en el año 1206. La culminación de los festejos fue la fiesta nacional de Mongolia ", Nadaam", que se celebró del 11 al 13 de julio de 2006. Nadaam El festival es el más grande del año. Se ejecuta por tres días en todas partes del país y cuenta con el mayor en los atletas de Mongolia de deportes más populares: carreras de caballos, tiro con arco, y la lucha. Las mujeres participan en todas las categorías, pero la lucha libre. Las competiciones tienen lugar en los dos primeros días, y el tercer día está reservado alegre toma! Si usted quiere comprar un archivo de alta resolución para su publicación, impresión de fotografías o carteles? www.hanshendriksen.net para encontrar toda la información sobre el autor y la forma de orden o publicar su trabajo.

Это Монголия Mongolei Mongolië поездки фотография фотография была сделана голландской поездок фотограф Ханс Hendriksen. Празднование 800-летия со дня основания монгольской нации в 2006 году представляет собой невероятную возможность поездки фотографии Монголии как показали его величия в мире. Многие мероприятия были проведены на протяжении этого года для того, чтобы отметить объединение племен в Чингис Хана в 1206 году. Кульминация торжества был Монголии национальный праздник ", Nadaam", проходившей с 11 по 13 июля 2006 года. В Nadaam фестиваль является крупнейшим в этом году. Она проходит в течение трех дней во всех районах страны и отличается большим спортсменам в Монголии наиболее популярные виды спорта: конные скачки, стрельба из лука, и борьба. Женщины участвуют во всех, но борьба категории. Соревнования проходят в течение первых двух дней, а на третий день резервируется веселых решений! Если вы хотите купить высоким разрешением файл для публикации, фотографии для печати или плакат? Посетите www.hanshendriksen.net чтобы найти всю информацию об авторе и о том, как к тем или опубликовать его работу.

BCWF Wrestling - Wrestle World IV - Legion Von Creed Vs Andy namite, Joey D

Legion Von Creed (c) def. (Pin) Andy namite, Joey D (c)

Type of match : Table Match

Title Unification

For : BWS championship (No Change)

BCWF european championship (New Champ)

( BCWF Wrestle World IV a Grivegnee, Liege, le vendredi 9 novembre ! )

This Mongolia Mongolei Mongolië travel photography photo was taken by Dutch travel photographer Hans Hendriksen. The celebration of the 800th anniversary of the founding of the Mongolian nation in 2006 represented an incredible travel photography opportunity as Mongolia showed its splendour to the world. Many events were held throughout this year to commemorate the unification of the tribes by Chinggis Khan in the year 1206. The culmination of the festivities was Mongolia's national holiday, "Nadaam", held from 11 to 13 of July 2006. The Nadaam festival is the biggest of the year. It runs for three days in all parts of the country and features the greatest athletes in Mongolia's most popular sports: horse racing, archery, and wrestling. Women participate in all but the wrestling category. The competitions take place on the first two days, and the third day is reserved merry-making! Should you want to buy a high-res file for publication, photo print or poster? Visit www.hanshendriksen.net to find all information about the author and how to order or publish his work.

Este Mongolia Mongolei Mongolie viajes fotografía foto fue tomada por el fotógrafo holandés Hans Hendriksen viaje. La celebración del 800 aniversario de la fundación de la nación mongol en 2006 representó una oportunidad increíble de fotografía de viajes como Mongolia mostraron su esplendor a todo el mundo. Muchos eventos se han celebrado a lo largo de este año para conmemorar la unificación de las tribus por Chinggis Khan en el año 1206. La culminación de los festejos fue la fiesta nacional de Mongolia ", Nadaam", que se celebró del 11 al 13 de julio de 2006. Nadaam El festival es el más grande del año. Se ejecuta por tres días en todas partes del país y cuenta con el mayor en los atletas de Mongolia de deportes más populares: carreras de caballos, tiro con arco, y la lucha. Las mujeres participan en todas las categorías, pero la lucha libre. Las competiciones tienen lugar en los dos primeros días, y el tercer día está reservado alegre toma! Si usted quiere comprar un archivo de alta resolución para su publicación, impresión de fotografías o carteles? www.hanshendriksen.net para encontrar toda la información sobre el autor y la forma de orden o publicar su trabajo.

Это Монголия Mongolei Mongolië поездки фотография фотография была сделана голландской поездок фотограф Ханс Hendriksen. Празднование 800-летия со дня основания монгольской нации в 2006 году представляет собой невероятную возможность поездки фотографии Монголии как показали его величия в мире. Многие мероприятия были проведены на протяжении этого года для того, чтобы отметить объединение племен в Чингис Хана в 1206 году. Кульминация торжества был Монголии национальный праздник ", Nadaam", проходившей с 11 по 13 июля 2006 года. В Nadaam фестиваль является крупнейшим в этом году. Она проходит в течение трех дней во всех районах страны и отличается большим спортсменам в Монголии наиболее популярные виды спорта: конные скачки, стрельба из лука, и борьба. Женщины участвуют во всех, но борьба категории. Соревнования проходят в течение первых двух дней, а на третий день резервируется веселых решений! Если вы хотите купить высоким разрешением файл для публикации, фотографии для печати или плакат? Посетите www.hanshendriksen.net чтобы найти всю информацию об авторе и о том, как к тем или опубликовать его работу.

Official image for "Rebel Youth",celebration of 150th Anniversary for Unification of Italy.

A CDV of an Italian soldier from the unification of Italy era (1862). One year after Victor Emmanuel II was proclaimed king of Italy and four years before the Third War of Independence (1866). See en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_unification#The_Battle_of_V... for more info.

n the day jerusalem marks the "day of Unification" (i.e. the occupation of East Jerusalem in 1967) settelers from the nearby area held a facist parade in the streets of East Jerusalem. Raising signs "Jerusalem is for the Jewish", and chanting slogans such as "muhamad's dead", or "death to the arabs". Themarch passed through Arab neighborhoods, while the protestors were dressed in white carring Israeli flags. In reaction Palestinians residing in the area went out to protest peacfully with Israelis, who joined the protest in solidarity with the local residents. The polices reaction to the demonstaration that day, was brutal and oppressive.They arrested nd beat protesters, and used the police horses to scare off the demonstrators by attempting to run over them. All this taking place while he right wing protesters continued to chant "death to the Arabs" and blocked the main street, all palestinian shops and business owners in and around the old city where forced to close for most of a business day by the police so this parade will go though with no interfirence, the business and shp owners did not get any compensation .

This vintage DPRK magazine - the Chinese-language edition - shows the happy socialist kiddiewinks playing with the "Unification Bus" Retro all the way and rare - most DPRK printed material 15+ years old gets deleted so as to free up the poor writers from historical accuracy issues ;-)

This Mongolia Mongolei Mongolië travel photography photo was taken in Ulaan Baatar, Ulan Bator by Dutch travel photographer Hans Hendriksen. The celebration of the 800th anniversary of the founding of the Mongolian nation in 2006 represented an incredible travel photography opportunity as Mongolia showed its splendour to the world. Many events were held throughout this year to commemorate the unification of the tribes by Chinggis Khan in the year 1206. The culmination of the festivities was Mongolia's national holiday, "Nadaam", held from 11 to 13 of July 2006. The Nadaam festival is the biggest of the year. It runs for three days in all parts of the country and features the greatest athletes in Mongolia's most popular sports: horse racing, archery, and wrestling. Women participate in all but the wrestling category. The competitions take place on the first two days, and the third day is reserved merry-making! Should you want to buy a high-res file for publication, photo print or poster? Visit www.hanshendriksen.net to find all information about the author and how to order or publish his work.

Este Mongolia Mongolei Mongolie viajes fotografía foto fue tomada por el fotógrafo holandés Hans Hendriksen viaje. La celebración del 800 aniversario de la fundación de la nación mongol en 2006 representó una oportunidad increíble de fotografía de viajes como Mongolia mostraron su esplendor a todo el mundo. Muchos eventos se han celebrado a lo largo de este año para conmemorar la unificación de las tribus por Chinggis Khan en el año 1206. La culminación de los festejos fue la fiesta nacional de Mongolia ", Nadaam", que se celebró del 11 al 13 de julio de 2006. Nadaam El festival es el más grande del año. Se ejecuta por tres días en todas partes del país y cuenta con el mayor en los atletas de Mongolia de deportes más populares: carreras de caballos, tiro con arco, y la lucha. Las mujeres participan en todas las categorías, pero la lucha libre. Las competiciones tienen lugar en los dos primeros días, y el tercer día está reservado alegre toma! Si usted quiere comprar un archivo de alta resolución para su publicación, impresión de fotografías o carteles? www.hanshendriksen.net para encontrar toda la información sobre el autor y la forma de orden o publicar su trabajo.

Это Монголия Mongolei Mongolië поездки фотография фотография была сделана голландской поездок фотограф Ханс Hendriksen. Празднование 800-летия со дня основания монгольской нации в 2006 году представляет собой невероятную возможность поездки фотографии Монголии как показали его величия в мире. Многие мероприятия были проведены на протяжении этого года для того, чтобы отметить объединение племен в Чингис Хана в 1206 году. Кульминация торжества был Монголии национальный праздник ", Nadaam", проходившей с 11 по 13 июля 2006 года. В Nadaam фестиваль является крупнейшим в этом году. Она проходит в течение трех дней во всех районах страны и отличается большим спортсменам в Монголии наиболее популярные виды спорта: конные скачки, стрельба из лука, и борьба. Женщины участвуют во всех, но борьба категории. Соревнования проходят в течение первых двух дней, а на третий день резервируется веселых решений! Если вы хотите купить высоким разрешением файл для публикации, фотографии для печати или плакат? Посетите www.hanshendriksen.net чтобы найти всю информацию об авторе и о том, как к тем или опубликовать его работу.

The largest medieval market square in Europe

Main Market Square (Rynek Główny)

The lain in the middle of the Old Town Main Market is the heart of Krakow. It belongs without a doubt to the most beautiful places in the world. With its width and length of each 200 meters, it is considered the largest medieval market square (pl. Rynek) in Europe. It is the starting point for the international crowd of tourists and meeting point of Krakow people. Many major attractions of the city are located on or near the pedestrianized main market.

Medieval Market of 1257

King Bolesław Wstydliwy in 1257 the marketplace had staked under Magdeburg law. The adjoining St. Mary's Church and the located on the square St. Adalbert Church had yet been constructed previously, which is why they evade the accurate development of the main market. The name "Rynek", from the German for "ring", was first used in 1300. It changed several times, until the place in 1882 during the unification of road and place names became "Rynek Główny".

Originally the place was owned by the Polish rulers. King Casimir the Great renounced in 1358 on a large part of his rights on objects in the marketplace and he so allowed the public use. The squared space results from the checkerboard arrangement of streets in Krakow's Old Town. From each side of the square run three streets parallel to each other. The only exception is the ulica Grodzka, which opens in the western corner of the main market. The first bricked building on and around the square arose in the second half of the 13th century.

During the Renaissance and Baroque periods on the marketplace were held many ceremonies of the Polish monarchs, but also beyond this, the main market always has been the scene of many important events and festivals. Thus the Krakow citizens worshiped in 1320 the newly crowned King Ladislaus the Elbow-high. At that time, Krakow became the capital of Poland. From this time on, every king on his coronation day on horseback paraded to the main market. Centuries later, the Kraków Uprising of February 18, 1846 took place here. On the main market square of Krakow also many death sentences were carried out.

For centuries, home to the dealer

The dense development of the main market, to which in addition to several fountains, the main guard, a granary, many chaotically arranged wooden grocery stores and two municipal scales also the old Cracow City Hall belonged, today's so generous space at the beginning of the 19th century still reducing, from 1820 on was removed.

Until the mid-20th century, on market days on certain sections of the market still a brisk trade was carried on. So stretched the poultry market from the street ulica Floriańska to ulica świętego Jana. With flour and oil was traded between square plac Szczepański and ulica Szewska. At the confluence of ulica Sławkowska there was the salt market. Lead has been sold at the confluence of ulica Bracka and coal was handled at the beginning of ulica Wiślna. In addition, there was a market for bread, one for fish and crabs as well as stands for bakers, shoemakers, rope makers, carpenters and potters.

During the German occupation of Poland, the main market was renamed in Adolf Hitler market. After liberation of Cracow on 18 January 1945, the place, as all the other renamed squares and streets, got its name back.

Adorned of famous buildings

Divided is the main market for centuries by the perfectly shaped Cloth Halls, standing in the middle of the square. On the eastern side the main market flows seamlessly into the square Marienplatz (Plac Mariacki), on which with St. Mary's church the best-known house of God of Krakow is located. Right beside, a little hidden by the buildings around the town square, stands the church of St. Barbara. Immediately bordered by a Jesuit monastery.

On the east side of the square in front of the historic Cloth Halls stands the Adam Mickiewicz monument. At its site earlier Jewish traders have hawked their wares. In the southeastern corner there is the St. Adalbert's church, the oldest church of Krakow. In the southwest of the main market stands with the town hall tower a last remnant of the old Cracow City Hall. Immediately at the foot of the town hall tower tourists readily let photograph themselves with an oversized, lying head. This is the bronze statue "Eros bendato" by Polish sculptor Igor Mitoraj.

The more than 40 noble palaces and town houses around the main market combine impressive architecture dating back several centuries and they house many things they are well worth of seeing. It is hard to believe that the renovated houses and palaces are between 500 and 600 years old. Many facades are very narrow, some have only two windows. This is due to the fact that in the olden days the number of windows looking onto the square was determinant for the amount of taxes the homeowners had to pay.

"Salon of the city"

With the main market many legends are connected. One tells that Prince Probus borrowed gold from a witch and later this did not return as agreed. In revenge, she enchanted all his knights in pigeons that populate the main market today. The pigeons together with the cheerful flower women, the horse-drawn carriages waiting for tourists and the various street performers characterize the dear atmosphere of the square.

On the main market quite the whole town of Krakow is gathering, especially when one of the many festivals are being celebrated. For many Krakauer a day without at least a short visit at the "Salon of the city", as they call the main market, also is a lost day. There is nothing better than sitting in summer before one of the many cafes and restaurants and taking in the Mediterranean flair of the main market. But not only on the square life is humming. The surface of the entire old town hides numerous cellars, where bars, cafes, clubs, pubs and restaurants can be found.

Latest attraction is the Museum Podziemia Rynku (in German language, Unterirdischer Marktplatz/Underground Marketplace), since mid-2010 inviting in the medieval underground of the main market. Glazed paths lead visitors to graves of a former cemetery and foundations of old houses. Archaeologists have made ​​this sensational discovery when they took the renovation of the place in recent years as a reason to make archaeological explorations.

Größter mittelalterlicher Marktplatz Europas

Hauptmarkt (Rynek Główny)

Der inmitten der Altstadt gelegene Hauptmarkt ist das Herz Krakaus. Er gehört zweifelsfrei zu den schönsten Plätzen der Welt. Mit seiner Breite und Länge von jeweils 200 Metern gilt er als größter mittelalterlicher Marktplatz (pl. rynek) in Europa. Er ist Ausgangspunkt für das internationale Touristenpublikum und Treffpunkt der Krakauer. Viele bedeutende Sehenswürdigkeiten der Stadt befinden sich auf oder um den verkehrsberuhigten Hauptmarkt.

Mittelalterlicher Marktplatz von 1257

König Bolesław Wstydliwy ließ den Marktplatz 1257 nach Magdeburgischem Recht abstecken. Die angrenzende Marienkirche und die auf dem Platz gelegene St. Adalbertkirche wurden schon vorher errichtet, weshalb sie sich der akkuraten Bebauung des Hauptmarktes entziehen. Der Name "Rynek", aus dem Deutschen für "Ring", wurde erstmals um 1300 gebraucht. Er wechselte mehrfach, bis der Platz 1882 im Zuge der Vereinheitlichung der Straßen- und Platzbezeichnungen zum "Rynek Główny" wurde.

Ursprünglich war der Platz im Besitz der polnischen Herrscher. König Kasimir der Große verzichtete 1358 auf einen Großteil seiner Rechte auf Objekte am Marktplatz und ermöglichte so die öffentliche Nutzung. Der quadratische Platz resultiert aus der schachbrettartigen Anordnung der Straßen in der Krakauer Altstadt. Von jeder Seite des Platzes verlaufen parallel drei Straßen zueinander. Einzige Ausnahme bildet die ulica Grodzka, die in die westliche Ecke des Hauptmarktes mündet. Die ersten gemauerten Gebäude auf und um den Platz entstanden in der zweiten Hälfte des 13. Jahrhunderts.

Während der Renaissance und des Barocks fanden auf dem Marktplatz viele Zeremonien der polnischen Monarchen statt. Auch darüber hinaus war der Hauptmarkt schon immer Schauplatz vieler wichtiger Ereignisse und Feste. So huldigten die Krakauer Bürger 1320 dem frisch gekrönten König Ladislaus Ellenlang. Damals wurde Krakau zur Hauptstadt Polens. Fortan zog jeder König am Tag seiner Krönung zu Pferde auf den Hauptmarkt. Jahrhunderte später fand hier der Krakauer Aufstand vom 18. Februar 1846 statt. Auf dem zentralen Marktplatz Krakaus wurden auch viele Todesurteile vollstreckt.

Jahrhundertelang Heimat der Händler

Die dichte Bebauung des Hauptmarktes, zu der neben mehreren Brunnen, der Hauptwache, einem Kornspeicher, vielen chaotisch angeordneten Krämerläden aus Holz und zwei städtischen Waagen auch das alte Krakauer Rathaus gehörte, das den heute so großzügigen Platz noch zu Beginn des 19. Jahrhunderts verkleinerte, wurde ab 1820 entfernt.

Bis zur Mitte des 20. Jahrhunderts wurde an Markttagen noch reger Handel auf gewissen Abschnitten des Marktes betrieben. So erstreckte sich von der ulica Floriańska bis zur ulica świętego Jana der Geflügelmarkt. Mit Mehl und Öl wurde zwischen plac Szczepański und ulica Szewska gehandelt. An der Einmündung der ulica Sławkowska befand sich der Salzmarkt. Blei wurde an der Einmündung der ulica Bracka verkauft und Kohle wurde zu Beginn der ulica Wiślna umgeschlagen. Außerdem gab es einen Markt für Brot, einen für Fisch und Krebse sowie Stände für Bäcker, Schuhmacher, Seilmacher, Tischler und Töpfer.

Während der deutschen Besatzung Polens wurde der Hauptmarkt in Adolf-Hitler-Markt umbenannt. Nach der Befreiung von Krakau am 18. Januar 1945 erhielt der Platz, wie allen anderen umbenannten Plätze und Straßen, seinen Namen zurück.

Geziert von bekannten Bauwerken

Geteilt wird der Hauptmarkt seit Jahrhunderten von den formvollendeten Tuchhallen, die in der Mitte des Platzes stehen. Auf der Ostseite geht der Hauptmarkt nahtlos in den Marienplatz über, auf dem sich mit der Marienkirche Krakaus bekanntestes Gotteshaus befindet. Gleich daneben, durch die Bebauung um den Marktplatz etwas versteckt, steht die St. Barbarakirche. Unmittelbar an sie grenzt ein Jesuitenkloster.

Auf der Ostseite des Platzes steht vor den historischen Tuchhallen das Adam-Mickiewicz-Denkmal. An seinem Standort haben früher die jüdischen Händler ihre Waren feilgeboten. In der südöstlichen Ecke befindet sich die St. Adalbertkirche, die älteste Kirche von Krakau. Im Südwesten des Hauptmarktes steht mit dem Rathausturm ein letzter Überrest des alten Krakauer Rathauses. Unmittelbar zu Fuße des Rathausturms lassen sich Touristen gerne mit einem überdimensionierten, liegenden Kopf fotografieren. Es handelt sich um die Bronzestatue "Eros Bendato" vom polnischen Bildhauer Igor Mitoraj.

Die mehr als 40 Adelspalästen und Bürgerhäuser rund um den Hauptmarkt vereinen eindrucksvolle Architektur aus mehreren Jahrhunderten und beherbergen viel Sehenswertes. Es ist kaum zu glauben, dass die renovierten Häuser und Palais zwischen 500 und 600 Jahre alt sind. Viele Fassaden sind sehr schmal, einige haben nur zwei Fenster. Das liegt daran, dass früher die Anzahl der zum Platz hinausgehenden Fenster die Höhe der Steuern bestimmte, die die Hausbesitzer zahlen mussten.

"Salon der Stadt"

Mit dem Hauptmarkt sind viele Legenden verbunden. Eine erzählt, dass sich Prinz Probus Gold von einer Hexe lieh und dieses später nicht wie vereinbart zurückgab. Aus Rache verzauberte sie alle seine Ritter in Tauben, die heute den Hauptmarkt bevölkern. Die Tauben prägen gemeinsam mit den fröhlichen Blumenfrauen, den auf Touristen wartenden Pferdekutschen und den verschiedenen Straßenkünstlern die geliebte Atmosphäre des Platzes.

Auf dem Hauptmarkt trift sich ganz Krakau, besonders, wenn eins der vielen Feste gefeiert wird. Für viele Krakauer ist ein Tag ohne wenigstens einen kurzen Besuch auf dem "Salon der Stadt", wie sie den Hauptmarkt auch nennen, ein verlorener Tag. Es gibt nichts schöneres, als im Sommer vor einem der vielen Cafés und Restaurants zu sitzen und das südländische Flair des Hauptmarktes auf sich wirken zu lassen. Doch nicht nur auf dem Platz tobt das Leben. Der Untergrund der gesamten Altstadt verbirgt zahlreiche Kellergewölbe, in denen Bars, Cafés, Clubs, Kneipen und Restaurants zu Hause sind.

Neuste Attraktion ist das Museum Podziemia Rynku (dt. Unterirdischer Marktplatz), das seit Mitte 2010 in den mittelalterlichen Untergrund des Hauptmarktes einlädt. Verglaste Wege führen die Besucher zu Gräbern eines ehemaligen Friedhofs und zu Fundamenten alter Handelshäuser. Archäologen haben diesen sensationellen Fund gemacht, als sie die Erneuerung des Platzes in den vergangenen Jahren zum Anlass archäologischer Erkundungen nahmen.

www.metropolen.de/krakau/sehenswuerdigkeiten/plaetze-stra...

BCWF Wrestling - Wrestle World IV - Legion Von Creed Vs Andy namite, Joey D

Legion Von Creed (c) def. (Pin) Andy namite, Joey D (c)

Type of match : Table Match

Title Unification

For : BWS championship (No Change)

BCWF european championship (New Champ)

( BCWF Wrestle World IV a Grivegnee, Liege, le vendredi 9 novembre ! )

Shinheungsa Temple Bojeru - Seoraksan

Sinheungsa, sometimes spelled Shinheungsa, is a head temple of the Jogye Order of Korean Buddhism. It is situated on the slopes of Seoraksan in Sokcho, Gangwon Province, South Korea.

Sinheungsa is located in Seoraksan National Park, and many tourists hiking Seoraksan up to Ulsanbawi (peak) pass by the temple on the way.

The Great Unification Buddha, a 14.6-meter, 108 ton gilt-bronze Buddha statue, called "Tongil Daebul", sits atop a 4.3-meter high pedestal, of the same material, making the total height 18.9-meter, excluding the lightning rod and nimbus.

The lotus pedestal is flanked with 16 delicately engraved panels and the forehead of Tongil Daebul is adorned with eight 8-centimeter stones of amber, with a single piece of jade in the center that is 10-centimeter in diameter.

Tongil Daebul sits with legs crossed and half-closed eyes in meditation, his lips displaying a perceptible smile. A flowing robe with gentle folds, revealing the right shoulder, drapes the Buddha's robust torso. The hands of Tongil Daebul are positioned in the mudra symbolizing the "enlightened one."

Contained within the hollow statue are three pieces of the Buddha's sari, remains collected after his cremation, donated by the Myanmar government, and the Tripitaka, the original Buddhist scriptures.

This statue represents the crucial wish of the Korean people for the reunification of the divided country.

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinheungsa

Spring 1990 Berlin Potsdamer Platz looking towards Pariser Platz. The Wall still partially exists, which you can see on the left of the photograph. A rudimentary metalled road has been laid over the wilderness which had existed during the years of the cold war. An East German Trabi scurries by and I hold a picture of the spot taken about seventy years ago in the twenties. This is the prototype of Souvenirs. Like my Facebook page; www.facebook.com/pages/Souvenirs-by-Michael-Hughes/130839...

BCWF Wrestling - Wrestle World IV - Legion Von Creed Vs Andy namite, Joey D

Legion Von Creed (c) def. (Pin) Andy namite, Joey D (c)

Type of match : Table Match

Title Unification

For : BWS championship (No Change)

BCWF european championship (New Champ)

( BCWF Wrestle World IV a Grivegnee, Liege, le vendredi 9 novembre ! )

Articole scrise de mine despre Piata Unirii:

www.rezistenta.net/2007/10/nomenclatorul-stradal-partea-i...

si

www.rezistenta.net/2007/10/nomenclatorul-stradal-partea-i...

www.rezistenta.net/2010/01/la-piata-unirii-in-anii-50.html

Despre disparuta strada Bazaca, zona Unirii:

www.rezistenta.net/2009/10/strada-bazaca-bazarul-uitat.html

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Unification (Suedinenie) Plaza, in front of the Archaeological Museum. Площад Съединение, Пловдив - Паметник на Съединението.

From Wikipedia:

The Unification of Bulgaria (Bulgarian: Съединение на България, Saedinenie na Balgariya) was the act of unification of the Principality of Bulgaria and the then-Ottoman province of Eastern Rumelia in the autumn of 1885. It was co-ordinated by the Bulgarian Secret Central Revolutionary Committee (BSCRC). The Unification was accomplished after revolts in Eastern Rumelian towns, followed by a coup on 6 September 1885 supported by the Bulgarian Knyaz Alexander I. The BSCRC, formed by Zahari Stoyanov, began actively popularizing the idea of unification by means of the press and public demonstrations in the spring of 1885.

Background:

The 10th Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878) ended with the signing of the preliminary Treaty of San Stefano, which cut large territories off the Ottoman Empire. Bulgaria was resurrected after 482 years of foreign rule.

The Russian diplomats knew that Bulgaria would not remain within these borders for very long — the San Stefano peace was called "preliminary" by the Russians themselves. The Berlin Congress began on June 1 1878 and ended on July 1 1878 with the Berlin Treaty that created a vassal Bulgarian state in the lands between the Balkans and the Danube. The area between the Balkan Mountains and the Rila and Rhodope Mountains was called Eastern Rumelia. This artificially created state was autonomous in the borders of Turkey. The separation of southern Bulgaria into a different administrative region was a guarantee against the fears expressed by Great Britain and Austria-Hungary that Bulgaria would gain access to the Aegean Sea, which logically meant that Russia was getting closer to the Mediterranean.

The third large portion of San Stefano Bulgaria — Macedonia — did not get even this slight taste of liberty, as it remained in the Ottoman borders like it had been before the war.

The act of Unification

The Unification was initially scheduled for the middle of September, while the Rumelian militia was mobilized for performing manoeuvres. The plan called for the Unification to be announced on September 15 1885, but on September 2 a riot began in Panagyurishte (then in Eastern Rumelia) that was brought under control the same day by the police. The demonstration demanded Unification with Bulgaria. A little later this example was followed in the village of Goliamo Konare. An armed squad was formed there, under the leadership of Prodan Tishkov (mostly known as Chardafon) — the local leader of the BSCRC. BSCRC representatives were sent to different towns in the province, where they had to gather groups of rebels and send them to Plovdiv, the capital of Eastern Rumelia, where they were under the command of Major Danail Nikolaev.

Meanwhile, military manoeuvres were being carried out in the outskirts of Plovdiv. Mj. Danail Nikolaev, who was in charge of the manoeuvres, was aware of and supported the unionists. On 6 September, Rumelian militia (Eastern Rumelia's armed forces) and armed unionist groups entered Plovdiv and took over the Governor's residence. The Governor was Gavrail Krastevich, a Bulgarian patriot who, naturally, did not resist the unionists.

A temporary government was formed immediately, with Georgi Stranski at its head. Major Danail Nikolaev was appointed commander of armed forces. With help from Russian officers, he created the strategical plan for defence against the expected Ottoman intervention. Mobilization was declared in Eastern Rumelia.

As soon as it took power on 2 September, the temporary government sent a telegram, asking the knyaz to accept the Unification. On September 8 Alexander I answered with a special manifest. On the next day, accompanied by the prime minister Petko Karavelov and the head of Parliament Stefan Stambolov, Knyaz Alexander I entered the capital of the former Eastern Rumelia. This gesture confirmed the unionists' actions as a fait accompli. But the difficulties of the diplomatic and military defence of the Union lay ahead.

International Response

In the years after the signing of the Berlin Treaty, the St. Petersburg government had often expressed its view that the creation of Eastern Rumelia out of Southern Bulgaria was an unnatural division and would be short-lived. Russia knew that the Unification would undoubtedly come soon and took important measures for its preparation. First, Russia exerted successful diplomatic pressure upon the Ottoman Empire constraining it from sending forces into Eastern Rumelia. Also, in 1881, in a special protocol, created after the re-establishment of the League of the Three Emperors, it was noted that Austria-Hungary and Germany would show support for a possible union act of the Bulgarians.

Russia

Defying most expectations, Russia did not support the September 6 act due to its open conflict with Knyaz Alexander I. Russia wanted to preserve its influence in Bulgarian affairs and feared losing it as the new state grew stronger with Alexander I at its head. As a result, Russia commanded all its officers to leave Bulgaria and suggested that an official conference be held in Constantinople, where the violation of the Berlin status quo was to be sanctioned.

United Kingdom

The government circles in London initially thought that powerful support by St. Petersburg stood behind the bold Bulgarian act. They soon realized the reality of the situation, and after the Russian official position was announced, Great Britain gave its support for the Bulgarian cause, but not until Bulgarian-Ottoman negotiations began.

Austria-Hungary

Austria-Hungary's position was determined by its policy towards Serbia. In a secret treaty from 1881, Austria-Hungary accepted Serbia's "right" to expand in the direction of Macedonia. Austria-Hungary's aim was to win influence in Serbia, while at the same time directing Serbian territorial appetites towards the south instead of north and north-west. Also, Austria-Hungary had always opposed the creation of a large Slavonic state in the Balkans of the sort that a unified Bulgaria would become. France and Germany supported the Russian proposal of an international conference in the Ottoman capital.

Ottoman Empire

After the Unification was already a fact, it took three days for Constantinople to become aware of what had actually happened. A new problem then arose: according to the Berlin treaty the Sultan was only allowed to send troops in Eastern Rumelia at the request of Eastern Rumelia's governor. Gavrail Krastevich, the governor at the time, made no such request. At the same time the Ottoman Empire was advised in harsh tone both by London and St. Petersburg not to take any such actions and instead to wait for the decision of the international conference.

Serbia and Greece

The Union of Bulgaria and Eastern Rumelia made Bulgaria the largest state in the Balkans at that time, a fact that a number of neighbouring countries could not accept. Athens immediately asked for territorial compensations and even threatened it would begin military actions. There were civilian demonstrations throughout Greece that prompted the government to declare war on Bulgaria. Intervention on the part of the British government helped soothe this agitation.

Serbia's position was similar to that of Greece. The Serbians asked for considerable territorial compensations along the whole western border with Bulgaria. Rebuffed by Bulgaria, but assured of support from Austria-Hungary, king Milan Obrenović IV declared war on Bulgaria on November 14 1885 where the Serbs suffered defeat.

Seen at a replica North Korean classroom, Paju Unification Observatory, South Korea.

Thanks to decades of division and ideological differences, the languages of the two Koreas have diverged significantly. Some exhibits in this classroom are dedicated to highlighting those differences, and making people aware, so that when more inter-Korean exchanges do happen, miscommunication mishaps will be minimal.

Boys in both Koreas love to play soccer, but when northern and southern boys somehow manage to gather together for a joint soccer game, using the correct terms may be a headache, as seen here. The standard South Korean soccer vocabulary, in blue, uses internationally recognized English terms. The standard North Korean soccer vocabulary, in red, uses as little non-Korean words as possible, making for very awkward translations at times.

Other examples on other desks feature how the two Koreas deal with foreign proper names. The standard South Korean convention for country names is to use the commonly accepted English name (for example, 폴란드, Poland). The standard North Korean convention, by contrast, is to use the native name (for example, 뽈스까, Polska). Sometimes South Korea may decide to use an old Koreanized name for a country; for example, Germany would be 독일 ("Dogil," the Korean pronunciation of 獨逸, which the Japanese used for "doitsu," their name for Germany), but the North Korean convention would still use the native name (도이췰란트, Deutschland). The USA would be a rare exception, as it is 미국 ("Miguk") for both Koreas, though for hanja, South Korea uses 美國 ("Beautiful Country") similar to Chinese-speaking world, and North Korea uses the Japanese-style 米國 ("Rice Country").

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Path

Light

Love

Unification

Compassion

For everything

HKD

A picture for meditation

My interpretation of Tantrayana

HKD

The Bahá'í Faith is the youngest of the world's independent religions. Its founder, Bahá'u'lláh (1817-1892), is regarded by Bahá'ís as the most recent in the line of Messengers of God that stretches back beyond recorded time and that includes Abraham, Moses, Buddha, Krishna, Zoroaster, Christ and Muhammad.

The central theme of Bahá'u'lláh's message is that humanity is one single race and that the day has come for its unification in one global society. God, Bahá'u'lláh said, has set in motion historical forces that are breaking down traditional barriers of race, class, creed, and nation and that will, in time, give birth to a universal civilization. The principal challenge facing the peoples of the earth is to accept the fact of their oneness and to assist the processes of unification.

One of the purposes of the Bahá'í Faith is to help make this possible. A worldwide community of some five million Bahá'ís, representative of most of the nations, races and cultures on earth, is working to give Bahá'u'lláh's teachings practical effect. Their experience will be a source of encouragement to all who share their vision of humanity as one global family and the earth as one homeland.

Basic Teachings of Bahá'u'lláh

Bahá'u'lláh taught that there is one God whose successive revelations of His will to humanity have been the chief civilizing force in history. The agents of this process have been the Divine Messengers whom people have seen chiefly as the founders of separate religious systems but whose common purpose has been to bring the human race to spiritual and moral maturity.

Humanity is now coming of age. It is this that makes possible the unification of the human family and the building of a peaceful, global society. Among the principles which the Bahá'í Faith promotes as vital to the achievement of this goal are

the abandonment of all forms of prejudice

assurance to women of full equality of opportunity with men

recognition of the unity and relativity of religious truth

the elimination of extremes of poverty and wealth

the realization of universal education

the responsibility of each person to independently search for truth

the establishment of a global commonwealth of nations

recognition that true religion is in harmony with reason and the pursuit of scientific knowledge

Baha'u'llah taught that each human being is "a mine rich in gems" unknown even to the owner, let alone to others, and inexhaustible in its wealth. The purpose of life is to develop these capacities both for one's own life and for the service of humanity. Life in this world, as Bahá'u'lláh presents it, is like the life of a child in the womb of its mother: the moral, intellectual, and spiritual powers which a human being develops here, with the help of God, will be the "limbs" and "organs" needed for the soul's progress in the worlds beyond this earthly one.

The way of life which Bahá'ís seek to cultivate, therefore, is one that encourages personal development. Daily prayer and meditation free the soul from conditioned patterns and open it to new possibilities. Joining in projects with peoples of diverse backgrounds breaks down traditional prejudices. The use of alcohol or narcotic drugs is avoided, except when prescribed for medical reasons, because these substances eventually deaden the mind. The latter is also true of the habit of backbiting, which weakens trust between people and undermines the spirit of unity upon which human progress depends. Bahá'u'lláh's writings attach great importance to the institution of the family as the foundation of human society. The sanctity of marriage, recognition of the equality of the husband and wife, and the use of consultation are especially emphasized.

آئين بهائى

دیانت بهائی جوان ترين دين از اديان مستقلّ جهان است. استمرار اديان از اصول اين آئين است زيرا در هر زمان، مقتضيّات جامعۀ بشری تغيير می كند و آئينی جديد مطابق با مقتضيات و نيازهای جهان و جهانيان ظاهر می گردد. بهائيان معتقدند حضرت بهاءالله، بنيانگذار دیانت بهائی (۱۸۱۷- ۱۸۹۲) جديدترين فرستادۀ الهی در سلسله پيامبران الهی مانند حضرت ابراهيم، موسی و بودا و زردشت و مسيح و بالاخره حضرت محمّد هستند.

محور تعاليم بهائی وحدت عالم انسانی است يعنی وقت آن آمده که بشر از هر قوم و نژادی به يگانگی رسند و همه در ظلّ يک جامعۀ جهانی درآيند. حضرت بهاءالله فرموده اند که خداوند بيمانند نيروهایی را در جهان به کار گماشته تا آنچه را که بر حسب سنّت های پيشين سبب طبقه بندی کردن انسان ها بر اساس اختلاف قومی، طبقاتی، دینی و ملّی شده از ميان بردارد. مهم ترين چالش پیش روی بشرپذیرفتن اصل یگانگی و تلاش در راه اتّحاد و اتّفاق اهل عالم است.

يکى از اهداف آئين بهائی کمک به امکان پذیر شدن این وضعیت است. یک جامعۀ جهانی مرکب از پنج میلیون بهائی از اکثر ملل و نژادها و فرهنگ های کرۀ زمین در تلاشند تا تعالیم حضرت بهاءالله را عملی سازند. تجربه ای که بهائيان در اين راه کسب کرده اند سبب تشويق کسانی است که همین راه را می پويند و نوع انسان را اعضای يک خاندان و کرۀ زمين را يک وطن می دانند.

巴哈伊信仰

巴哈伊信仰创立于一个半世纪以前，今天已跻身于最快速发展的世界性宗教信仰之列。有五百万以上的信徒居住在地球上的每一个国家，分布于全世界约100 ,000多个地点，地理幅度分布之广仅次於基督教，反映了他们对世界公民这一理想身体力行。

巴哈伊信仰的全球性幅度反映在它成员之组成中。巴哈伊信徒来自各个国家民族、种族群体、文化背景、职业、社会或经济阶层，包括了2100多个不同的种族和部落，代表了全人类的一个横断面。

同时，因为它也是无派系分裂的一个整体社团，巴哈伊信仰极可能是地球上分布最广泛，成员最多元化的组织团体。

信仰的创始人巴哈欧拉，是一位德黑兰的波斯贵族，在十九世纪中期，放弃了王子般舒适与安逸的生活，冒着不断的迫害与镇压，给人类送来了震撼性的、全新的、和平与团结之信仰。

巴哈欧拉声言，祂是来自上帝的一个独立的新圣使。祂的生平、著作及影响力使人联想到亚伯拉罕、克里希那、琐罗亚斯德、佛陀、基督和穆罕默德等圣使。巴哈伊信徒认信巴哈欧拉是这一系列圣使中最新的一位。

巴哈欧拉所带来的根本教义是「团结」。祂教导我们上帝只有一个，人类无分种族，所有世界性宗教都是上帝对人类旨意与目的之天启的不同阶段。巴哈欧拉指出，人类到现代已集体进入成熟期。正如世界各族的经典中所预言过的，将所有民族团结于一个和平统一的全球社会的时代已经到来。在祂的著作中包括了「地球乃一国，万众皆其民」的名句。

作为世界独立宗教中最年轻的成员，巴哈欧拉所奠定的巴哈伊信仰在许多方面显得与其它宗教不同。它有一套独特的全球性行政管理体系，在10,000多个地点有自由选举出的管理议事会。

当代社会的种种问题需要采取一种特殊的和有变革性的解决办法。巴哈伊信仰的经典及其成员的广泛多元的活动几乎涉及了当今世界的每一个重要项目：从关于文化多元性和环境保护的新思维到决策的分解民主化；从对家庭生活和道德的重归到「新世界秩序」的呼声。然而，信仰至今最显著的成就，乃是它的团结性。它不参与社会和政治运动，故巴哈伊信仰已成功地抵挡了不断的冲击，而没有分裂成不同的教派和群体。尽管其历史如古代任何宗教的历史一样动荡不安，但它却成功地维护了自身的团结。

在巴哈欧拉逝世后，祂所召唤的全球团结之过程已大大向前进展。通过历史的进程，种族、阶级、信仰和国家的传统障碍已开始渐渐地崩溃。巴哈欧拉曾预言，正在运作中的这些力量，将最终诞生出一个全球性的文明。地球上各族人民面临的挑战，是接受彼此为一家的事实，以协同创造这个世界。

巴哈欧拉言道：一个全球性社会的繁荣，必须基于基本原则。它们包括：消除各种偏见；两性间完全平等；认识到世界伟大宗教根本一元性；消除贫穷极端；普及教育；科学与宗教之和谐；在保自然与发展技术间维持平衡；基于集体安全和人类一家的原则，建立一个世界联邦体系。

全球巴哈伊对这些原则的忠诚，表现在个人和社团的转变中。这种信念与忠诚以各种方式体现出来，其中包括巴哈伊社团近年来发起的一大批小规模和基层的社会与经济发展项目。

在建造一个由地方到国家和国际的管理议事会的统一网络的过程中，巴哈欧拉的追随者已创造出一个范围广阔而多元化的世界性团体──以一种与以往截然不同的生活与活动方式为其标志 ── 为合作、和谐与社会实践提供了一个鼓舞人心的模式。在一个如此分崩离析的世界里，这本身就是一个独一无二的成就。

La Fe Bahá'í es la más joven de las religiones independientes del mundo. Su fundador, Bahá'u'lláh (1817-1892), es considerado por los bahá'ís como el más reciente en la cadena de Mensajeros de Dios que se extiende mucho más allá de lo que recuerda la historia y que incluye a Abraham, Moisés, Buda, Zoroastro, Cristo y Mahoma.

La idea central del mensaje de Bahá'u'lláh es que la humanidad es una sola raza y que ha llegado el día de su unificación en una sociedad global. Bahá'u'lláh dijo que Dios ha puesto en marcha fuerzas históricas que estan derribando barreras tradicionales de raza, clase, credo y nación y que con el tiempo crearán una civilización universal. El principal desafío al que se enfrentan los pueblos de la tierra es el de aceptar el hecho de su unidad y de ayudar a los procesos de unificación.

Uno de los propósitos de la Fe Bahá'í es ayudar a hacer posible esta respuesta. Una comunidad mundial de unos cinco millones de Bahá'ís, representativos de la mayoría de las naciones, razas y culturas de la tierra, trabaja para llevar las enseñanzas de Bahá'u'lláh a la práctica. Su experiencia será una fuente de estimulo para todos los que comparten su visión de la humanidad como una familia global y de la tierra como un solo hogar.

ينتشر البهائيون اليوم في أكثر من مئتين وخمسة وثلاثين بلداً، وهم يمثّـلون أصولاً دينية مختلفة وينتمون إلى أجناس وأعراق وشعوب وقبائل وجنسيات متعددة. أما الدين البهائي فمعترف به رسمياً في العديد من الدول، ومُمثّـل تمثيلاً غير حكومي في هيئة الأمم المتحدة والأوساط الدولية العلمية والاقتصادية.

والبهائيون على اختلاف أصولهم يُصدِّقونَ بما بين أيديهم من الكتب السماوية، يؤمنون بالرسالات السابقة دونما تفريق، ويعتقدون بأن رسالة حضرة بهاء الله - أسوة بغيرها من الرسالات السماوية - لا تمثّـل سوى مرحلة من المراحل المتعاقبة للتطور الروحي الذي يخضع له المجتمع الإنساني.

إِنَّ الدين البهائي دين عالمي مستقل كل الاستقلال عن أي دين آخر. وهو ليس طريقة من الطرق الصوفية، ولا مزيجاً مقتبساً من مبادئ الأديان المختلفة أو شرائعها، كما إنَّه ليس شُعبة من شعب الدين الاسلامي أو المسيحي أو اليهودي. وليس هو إحياء لأي مذهب عقائدي قديم. بل للدين البهائي كتبه المُنزلة، وشرائعه الخاصة، ونظمه الإدارية، وأماكنه المقدسة. أما رسالته الحضارية الموجهة إلى هذا العصر فتتلخص في المبادئ الروحية والاجتماعية التي نصّ عليها لتحقيق نظام عالمي جديد يسوده السلام العام وتنصهر فيه أمم العالم وشعوبه في اتحاد يضمن لجميع أفراد الجنس البشري العدل والرفاهية والاستقرار ويُشيّد حضارة إنسانية دائمة التقدم في ظل هداية إِلهية مستمرة.

يحثّ الدين البهائي أتباعه على الإيمان بالله الواحد الذي لا شريك له، ويعترف بوحدة الرسل والأنبياء دون استثناء، ويؤكد وحدة الجنس البشري، ويفرض على كل مؤمنٍ التخلي عن كل لون من ألوان التعصب والخرافات، ويجزم بأن هدف كل دين هو إشاعة الألفة والوئام، ويعتبر اتفاق الدين والعلم أمراً جوهرياً وعاملاً من أهم العوامل التي تمنح المجتمع البشري السكينة والاطمئنان وتحمله على التقدم والعمران. ولعل من أهم المبادئ التي ينادي بها الدين البهائي مبدأ المساواة في الحقوق بين البشر بما في ذلك المساواة بين الرجل والمرأة، فضلاً عن مبدأ التعليم الإجباري وتوفير الإمكانات لخلق مناخ اجتماعي سليم، فيأمر أتباعه بإزالة الهوّة السحيقة بين الفقراء والأغنياء، ويقضي بعدم تعدد الزوجات، ويُقدّس الكيان العائلي معتبراً الأسرة أساس بناء المجتمع الإنساني الصالح. ويمنع الدين البهائي أتباعه من الاشتغال بالأمور السياسية والحزبية ويشجعهم على الولاء والصدق والصفاء في علاقاتهم مع حكوماتهم وعلى خدمة أوطانهم ورفع شأن مواطنيهم. ولا تَدَع الكتب البهائية مجالاً للشك في أن حضرة بهاء الله سنّ لأتباعه منهجاً للسلوك ونمطاً للتعامل الشريف، فأكد أنّ الحياة الخاصة للفرد مقياس دقيق لإيمانه، ففرض على أتباعه طهارة القول والفكر والعمل، عفّةً وأمانةً وصدقاً وولاءً ونزاهةً ونقاوةً وكرماً، وأمرهم بكل معروف، ونهاهم عن كل منكر. يقول حضرة بهاء الله:

"قل يا قوم دعوا الرذائل وخُذوا الفضائل، كونوا قدوةً حسنةً بين الناس، وصحيفةً يتذكّر بها الأُناس ... كونوا في الطرْف عفيفاً، وفي اليد أميناً، وفي اللسان صادقاً، وفي القلب متذكراً..."(١)

"كن في النعمة مُنفقاً، وفي فقدها شاكراً، وفي الحقوق أميناً ... وفي الوعد وفيّاً، وفي الأمور منصفاً ... [وكن] للمهموم فَرَجاً، وللظمآن بحراً، وللمكروب ملجأ وللمظلوم ناصراً، ... وللغريب وطناً، وللمريض شفاءً، وللمستجير حصناً، وللضرير بصراً، ولمن ضلّ صراطاً، ولوجه الصدق جمالاً، ولهيكل الأمانة طرازاً، ولبيت الأخلاق عرشاً..."(٢)

La Foi bahá'íe est la plus jeune des religions mondiales indépendantes. Son fondateur, Bahá'u'lláh (1817-1892), est pour les bahá'ís le plus récent des messagers de Dieu, dans une lignée dont les origines se perdent dans la nuit des temps et où s'inscrivent Abraham, Moïse, Bouddha, Krishna, Zoroastre, Le Christ et Mahomet.

Au coeur du message de Bahá'u'lláh, il y a la conviction que l'humanité ne forme qu'une seule race et que le moment est venu pour elle de s'unir en une société mondiale. Dieu, affirme Bahá'u'lláh, a mis en marche des forces historiques qui, renversant les barrières traditionnelles de races, de classes, de croyances et de nationalités, donneront naissance, en temps voulu, à une civilisation universelle. Le principal défi pour les peuples de la terre est d'accepter leur unité et de favoriser la marche vers l'unification.

Un des objectifs de la Foi bahá'íe est de faciliter cette évolution. Forte de quelques 5 millions de membres représentant la plupart des nations, des races et des cultures de la planète, cette communauté mondiale s'efforce de donner corps aux enseignements de Bahá'u'lláh. Son expérience ne peut être qu'une source d'encouragements pour tous ceux qui partagent sa vision, celle d'une humanité formant une famille mondiale habitant le même foyer: la terre.

A Fé Bahá'í é a mais jovem das religiõs mundiais independentes. O seu fundador, Bahá'u'lláh (1817-1892), é considerado pelos bahá'ís como o mais recente na linha dos Mensageiros de Deus, que remonta aos primórdios da história e da qual fazem parte Abraão, Moisés, Buda, Zoroastro, Cristo e Maomé.

O tema central da mensagem de Bahá'u'lláh é o conceito de que a humanidade representa uma única raça e que é chegado o dia de sua unificação em uma única sociedade global. Deus, declarou Bahá'u'lláh, pôs em marcha forças históricas que estão rompendo as barreiras tradicionais de raça, classe, credo e nação e que irão, no devido tempo, dar à luz uma civilazação universal. O principal desafio que se coloca aos povos do mundo é aceitar a realidade da unidade do gênero humano e auxiliar os processos de sua unificação.

Um dos propósitos da Fé Bahá'í é contribuir para que isto se torne realidade. Uma comunidade mundial formada por cerca de 5 milhões de bahá'ís, representando a maioria das nações, raças e culturas da Terra, está trabalhando para conferir aos ensinamentos de Bahá'u'lláh um resultado prático. A experiência desta comunidade é uma fonte de encorajamento para todos aqueles que compartilham de sua visão, segundo a qual a humanidade é uma única família global e o planeta, a sua terra natal.

www.bahai.org/

Deputy Secretary of State Wendy R. Sherman meets with Republic of Korea Unification Minister Kwon Young-se and Vice Minister of Unification Kim Ki-woong in Seoul, Republic of Korea, on June 8, 2022. [State Department photo/ public domain]

Paju Unification Observatory's example of a North Korean living room. Household objects are a cross-section of different social statuses based on party loyalty.

And of course, portraits of Kim Il-sung and Kim Jong-il, while not seen in this photo, do hang just off to the right.

It is noteworthy that all calendars show the year as Juche 97 (주체97년). The Juche (self-reliance) calendar starts at the year 1912, the birth year of Kim Il-sung, and was introduced in 1997, or Juche 86, after the three-year mourning period for the death of Kim Il-sung ended.

in North Korea, all housing stock is government-owned and rented to the residents. But due to shortage, living conditions can be overcrowded. In some cases, black markets even exist for desirable housing.

The largest medieval market square in Europe

Main Market Square (Rynek Główny)

The lain in the middle of the Old Town Main Market is the heart of Krakow. It belongs without a doubt to the most beautiful places in the world. With its width and length of each 200 meters, it is considered the largest medieval market square (pl. Rynek) in Europe. It is the starting point for the international crowd of tourists and meeting point of Krakow people. Many major attractions of the city are located on or near the pedestrianized main market.

Medieval Market of 1257

King Bolesław Wstydliwy in 1257 the marketplace had staked under Magdeburg law. The adjoining St. Mary's Church and the located on the square St. Adalbert Church had yet been constructed previously, which is why they evade the accurate development of the main market. The name "Rynek", from the German for "ring", was first used in 1300. It changed several times, until the place in 1882 during the unification of road and place names became "Rynek Główny".

Originally the place was owned by the Polish rulers. King Casimir the Great renounced in 1358 on a large part of his rights on objects in the marketplace and he so allowed the public use. The squared space results from the checkerboard arrangement of streets in Krakow's Old Town. From each side of the square run three streets parallel to each other. The only exception is the ulica Grodzka, which opens in the western corner of the main market. The first bricked building on and around the square arose in the second half of the 13th century.

During the Renaissance and Baroque periods on the marketplace were held many ceremonies of the Polish monarchs, but also beyond this, the main market always has been the scene of many important events and festivals. Thus the Krakow citizens worshiped in 1320 the newly crowned King Ladislaus the Elbow-high. At that time, Krakow became the capital of Poland. From this time on, every king on his coronation day on horseback paraded to the main market. Centuries later, the Kraków Uprising of February 18, 1846 took place here. On the main market square of Krakow also many death sentences were carried out.

For centuries, home to the dealer

The dense development of the main market, to which in addition to several fountains, the main guard, a granary, many chaotically arranged wooden grocery stores and two municipal scales also the old Cracow City Hall belonged, today's so generous space at the beginning of the 19th century still reducing, from 1820 on was removed.

Until the mid-20th century, on market days on certain sections of the market still a brisk trade was carried on. So stretched the poultry market from the street ulica Floriańska to ulica świętego Jana. With flour and oil was traded between square plac Szczepański and ulica Szewska. At the confluence of ulica Sławkowska there was the salt market. Lead has been sold at the confluence of ulica Bracka and coal was handled at the beginning of ulica Wiślna. In addition, there was a market for bread, one for fish and crabs as well as stands for bakers, shoemakers, rope makers, carpenters and potters.

During the German occupation of Poland, the main market was renamed in Adolf Hitler market. After liberation of Cracow on 18 January 1945, the place, as all the other renamed squares and streets, got its name back.

Adorned of famous buildings

Divided is the main market for centuries by the perfectly shaped Cloth Halls, standing in the middle of the square. On the eastern side the main market flows seamlessly into the square Marienplatz (Plac Mariacki), on which with St. Mary's church the best-known house of God of Krakow is located. Right beside, a little hidden by the buildings around the town square, stands the church of St. Barbara. Immediately bordered by a Jesuit monastery.

On the east side of the square in front of the historic Cloth Halls stands the Adam Mickiewicz monument. At its site earlier Jewish traders have hawked their wares. In the southeastern corner there is the St. Adalbert's church, the oldest church of Krakow. In the southwest of the main market stands with the town hall tower a last remnant of the old Cracow City Hall. Immediately at the foot of the town hall tower tourists readily let photograph themselves with an oversized, lying head. This is the bronze statue "Eros bendato" by Polish sculptor Igor Mitoraj.

The more than 40 noble palaces and town houses around the main market combine impressive architecture dating back several centuries and they house many things they are well worth of seeing. It is hard to believe that the renovated houses and palaces are between 500 and 600 years old. Many facades are very narrow, some have only two windows. This is due to the fact that in the olden days the number of windows looking onto the square was determinant for the amount of taxes the homeowners had to pay.

"Salon of the city"

With the main market many legends are connected. One tells that Prince Probus borrowed gold from a witch and later this did not return as agreed. In revenge, she enchanted all his knights in pigeons that populate the main market today. The pigeons together with the cheerful flower women, the horse-drawn carriages waiting for tourists and the various street performers characterize the dear atmosphere of the square.

On the main market quite the whole town of Krakow is gathering, especially when one of the many festivals are being celebrated. For many Krakauer a day without at least a short visit at the "Salon of the city", as they call the main market, also is a lost day. There is nothing better than sitting in summer before one of the many cafes and restaurants and taking in the Mediterranean flair of the main market. But not only on the square life is humming. The surface of the entire old town hides numerous cellars, where bars, cafes, clubs, pubs and restaurants can be found.

Latest attraction is the Museum Podziemia Rynku (in German language, Unterirdischer Marktplatz/Underground Marketplace), since mid-2010 inviting in the medieval underground of the main market. Glazed paths lead visitors to graves of a former cemetery and foundations of old houses. Archaeologists have made ​​this sensational discovery when they took the renovation of the place in recent years as a reason to make archaeological explorations.

Größter mittelalterlicher Marktplatz Europas

Hauptmarkt (Rynek Główny)

Der inmitten der Altstadt gelegene Hauptmarkt ist das Herz Krakaus. Er gehört zweifelsfrei zu den schönsten Plätzen der Welt. Mit seiner Breite und Länge von jeweils 200 Metern gilt er als größter mittelalterlicher Marktplatz (pl. rynek) in Europa. Er ist Ausgangspunkt für das internationale Touristenpublikum und Treffpunkt der Krakauer. Viele bedeutende Sehenswürdigkeiten der Stadt befinden sich auf oder um den verkehrsberuhigten Hauptmarkt.

Mittelalterlicher Marktplatz von 1257

König Bolesław Wstydliwy ließ den Marktplatz 1257 nach Magdeburgischem Recht abstecken. Die angrenzende Marienkirche und die auf dem Platz gelegene St. Adalbertkirche wurden schon vorher errichtet, weshalb sie sich der akkuraten Bebauung des Hauptmarktes entziehen. Der Name "Rynek", aus dem Deutschen für "Ring", wurde erstmals um 1300 gebraucht. Er wechselte mehrfach, bis der Platz 1882 im Zuge der Vereinheitlichung der Straßen- und Platzbezeichnungen zum "Rynek Główny" wurde.

Ursprünglich war der Platz im Besitz der polnischen Herrscher. König Kasimir der Große verzichtete 1358 auf einen Großteil seiner Rechte auf Objekte am Marktplatz und ermöglichte so die öffentliche Nutzung. Der quadratische Platz resultiert aus der schachbrettartigen Anordnung der Straßen in der Krakauer Altstadt. Von jeder Seite des Platzes verlaufen parallel drei Straßen zueinander. Einzige Ausnahme bildet die ulica Grodzka, die in die westliche Ecke des Hauptmarktes mündet. Die ersten gemauerten Gebäude auf und um den Platz entstanden in der zweiten Hälfte des 13. Jahrhunderts.

Während der Renaissance und des Barocks fanden auf dem Marktplatz viele Zeremonien der polnischen Monarchen statt. Auch darüber hinaus war der Hauptmarkt schon immer Schauplatz vieler wichtiger Ereignisse und Feste. So huldigten die Krakauer Bürger 1320 dem frisch gekrönten König Ladislaus Ellenlang. Damals wurde Krakau zur Hauptstadt Polens. Fortan zog jeder König am Tag seiner Krönung zu Pferde auf den Hauptmarkt. Jahrhunderte später fand hier der Krakauer Aufstand vom 18. Februar 1846 statt. Auf dem zentralen Marktplatz Krakaus wurden auch viele Todesurteile vollstreckt.

Jahrhundertelang Heimat der Händler

Die dichte Bebauung des Hauptmarktes, zu der neben mehreren Brunnen, der Hauptwache, einem Kornspeicher, vielen chaotisch angeordneten Krämerläden aus Holz und zwei städtischen Waagen auch das alte Krakauer Rathaus gehörte, das den heute so großzügigen Platz noch zu Beginn des 19. Jahrhunderts verkleinerte, wurde ab 1820 entfernt.

Bis zur Mitte des 20. Jahrhunderts wurde an Markttagen noch reger Handel auf gewissen Abschnitten des Marktes betrieben. So erstreckte sich von der ulica Floriańska bis zur ulica świętego Jana der Geflügelmarkt. Mit Mehl und Öl wurde zwischen plac Szczepański und ulica Szewska gehandelt. An der Einmündung der ulica Sławkowska befand sich der Salzmarkt. Blei wurde an der Einmündung der ulica Bracka verkauft und Kohle wurde zu Beginn der ulica Wiślna umgeschlagen. Außerdem gab es einen Markt für Brot, einen für Fisch und Krebse sowie Stände für Bäcker, Schuhmacher, Seilmacher, Tischler und Töpfer.

Während der deutschen Besatzung Polens wurde der Hauptmarkt in Adolf-Hitler-Markt umbenannt. Nach der Befreiung von Krakau am 18. Januar 1945 erhielt der Platz, wie allen anderen umbenannten Plätze und Straßen, seinen Namen zurück.

Geziert von bekannten Bauwerken

Geteilt wird der Hauptmarkt seit Jahrhunderten von den formvollendeten Tuchhallen, die in der Mitte des Platzes stehen. Auf der Ostseite geht der Hauptmarkt nahtlos in den Marienplatz über, auf dem sich mit der Marienkirche Krakaus bekanntestes Gotteshaus befindet. Gleich daneben, durch die Bebauung um den Marktplatz etwas versteckt, steht die St. Barbarakirche. Unmittelbar an sie grenzt ein Jesuitenkloster.

Auf der Ostseite des Platzes steht vor den historischen Tuchhallen das Adam-Mickiewicz-Denkmal. An seinem Standort haben früher die jüdischen Händler ihre Waren feilgeboten. In der südöstlichen Ecke befindet sich die St. Adalbertkirche, die älteste Kirche von Krakau. Im Südwesten des Hauptmarktes steht mit dem Rathausturm ein letzter Überrest des alten Krakauer Rathauses. Unmittelbar zu Fuße des Rathausturms lassen sich Touristen gerne mit einem überdimensionierten, liegenden Kopf fotografieren. Es handelt sich um die Bronzestatue "Eros Bendato" vom polnischen Bildhauer Igor Mitoraj.

Die mehr als 40 Adelspalästen und Bürgerhäuser rund um den Hauptmarkt vereinen eindrucksvolle Architektur aus mehreren Jahrhunderten und beherbergen viel Sehenswertes. Es ist kaum zu glauben, dass die renovierten Häuser und Palais zwischen 500 und 600 Jahre alt sind. Viele Fassaden sind sehr schmal, einige haben nur zwei Fenster. Das liegt daran, dass früher die Anzahl der zum Platz hinausgehenden Fenster die Höhe der Steuern bestimmte, die die Hausbesitzer zahlen mussten.

"Salon der Stadt"

Mit dem Hauptmarkt sind viele Legenden verbunden. Eine erzählt, dass sich Prinz Probus Gold von einer Hexe lieh und dieses später nicht wie vereinbart zurückgab. Aus Rache verzauberte sie alle seine Ritter in Tauben, die heute den Hauptmarkt bevölkern. Die Tauben prägen gemeinsam mit den fröhlichen Blumenfrauen, den auf Touristen wartenden Pferdekutschen und den verschiedenen Straßenkünstlern die geliebte Atmosphäre des Platzes.

Auf dem Hauptmarkt trift sich ganz Krakau, besonders, wenn eins der vielen Feste gefeiert wird. Für viele Krakauer ist ein Tag ohne wenigstens einen kurzen Besuch auf dem "Salon der Stadt", wie sie den Hauptmarkt auch nennen, ein verlorener Tag. Es gibt nichts schöneres, als im Sommer vor einem der vielen Cafés und Restaurants zu sitzen und das südländische Flair des Hauptmarktes auf sich wirken zu lassen. Doch nicht nur auf dem Platz tobt das Leben. Der Untergrund der gesamten Altstadt verbirgt zahlreiche Kellergewölbe, in denen Bars, Cafés, Clubs, Kneipen und Restaurants zu Hause sind.

Neuste Attraktion ist das Museum Podziemia Rynku (dt. Unterirdischer Marktplatz), das seit Mitte 2010 in den mittelalterlichen Untergrund des Hauptmarktes einlädt. Verglaste Wege führen die Besucher zu Gräbern eines ehemaligen Friedhofs und zu Fundamenten alter Handelshäuser. Archäologen haben diesen sensationellen Fund gemacht, als sie die Erneuerung des Platzes in den vergangenen Jahren zum Anlass archäologischer Erkundungen nahmen.

www.metropolen.de/krakau/sehenswuerdigkeiten/plaetze-stra...

Young people waiting for unification at Imjingak Unification Observatory in South Korea

Buddha "Tongil Daebul"

Shinheungsa Temple Bojeru - Seoraksan

This statue represents the crucial wish of the Korean people for the reunification of the divided country.

Sinheungsa, sometimes spelled Shinheungsa, is a head temple of the Jogye Order of Korean Buddhism. It is situated on the slopes of Seoraksan in Sokcho, Gangwon Province, South Korea.

Sinheungsa is located in Seoraksan National Park, and many tourists hiking Seoraksan up to Ulsanbawi (peak) pass by the temple on the way.

The Great Unification Buddha, a 14.6-meter, 108 ton gilt-bronze Buddha statue, called "Tongil Daebul", sits atop a 4.3-meter high pedestal, of the same material, making the total height 18.9-meter, excluding the lightning rod and nimbus.

The lotus pedestal is flanked with 16 delicately engraved panels and the forehead of Tongil Daebul is adorned with eight 8-centimeter stones of amber, with a single piece of jade in the center that is 10-centimeter in diameter.

Tongil Daebul sits with legs crossed and half-closed eyes in meditation, his lips displaying a perceptible smile. A flowing robe with gentle folds, revealing the right shoulder, drapes the Buddha's robust torso. The hands of Tongil Daebul are positioned in the mudra symbolizing the "enlightened one."

Contained within the hollow statue are three pieces of the Buddha's sari, remains collected after his cremation, donated by the Myanmar government, and the Tripitaka, the original Buddhist scriptures.

This statue represents the crucial wish of the Korean people for the reunification of the divided country.

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinheungsa

Seen at Unification Observatory in Paju.

From 13 through 15 June 2000, President Kim Dae-jung visited Pyongyang, holding the first-ever inter-Korean summit. These are the first and the last pages of the joint declaration issued at the end of the 3-day summit, signed by Kim Dae-jung and Kim Jong-il. (In typeface and style, this is the South Korean version.) The two Koreas symbolically agreed to take a number of steps to improve inter-Korean relations and work toward peaceful co-existence.

Kim Dae-jung had to fly in a South Korean military transport plane to get to Pyongyang, but as a result of these talks, road and rail links between the two Koreas were restored, and by the time the second inter-Korean summit happened, Kim's successor Roh Moo-hyun could simply drive to Pyongyang.

Also notable is the understanding that Kim Jong-il would visit Seoul "at an appropriate time in the future," but between Kim's paranoia and failing health, the promise was never kept. Also, for the northern propaganda machine, it's far more convenient if the southern President comes in to Pyongyang to pay respects to the Dear Leader, rather than the Dear Leader having to stoop to the southern President in "American imperialist" territory.

Kim Dae-jung eventually won the Nobel Peace Prize for this achievement, though the large amounts of aid payments made to the North proved more than controversial.

The Sunshine Policy, a conciliatory policy toward the North with emphasis on humanitarian aid, is considered to be a failure as it failed to change North Korea's attitude long-term. However, the massive aid sent to the North did buy a huge amount of influence for South Korea, and a peek into the secretive northern society for the rest of the world. North Korea eventually became very dependent on South Korean aid. By the time South Korea turned right-wing and cut off the aid, it did limit North Korea's options as well; as much as it could shout "Military First," in the absence of South Korean aid there was very little to channel into the military, at least not without causing severe pains (and a near-rebellion) for the civilians. Additionally, continuing the Sunshine Policy in some form would've allowed South Korea to have other forms of leverage in North Korea, an influence squandered by the far-right government.

Unification 1972

Purchased at the Pyongyang Stamp Shop I was looking for stamps with propaganda posters. These are from 2010 (Juche 99) Note the unified Korea flag in the background.