View allAll Photos Tagged Understanding
Leipziger Buchmesse 2016 / Leipzig Book Fair 2016
2016-03-19 (Saturday)
2016_063
2016#281
Naenia (Lea) 244435 as Merida DunBroch from Merida / Brave
Thank you for any group invites which I'd be glad to accept. However, if I can't check the content of such groups ("This group is not available to you") I'd rather not add any of my photos. Thanks for your understanding.
"The flying car or bus (photo: a prototype during a test drive in 1910) would have elegantly solved traffic jams at rush hour but sadly was rejected by the authorities due to safety concerns."
Pictures made with Midjourney.
I'm always happy to accept invites to groups as long as I can see their content. Should I see "this group is not available to you", my pictures won't be made available to that group. Thanks for your understanding.
This photograph dates from April 2013. I just discovered a few days ago that the Irish Naval Service vessel LE Emer, which stood down in September 2013 after 35 years, was sold to a new owner. The vessel was sold at auction in Cork for €320,000 to London based Nigerian businessman Cyprian Imobhio.
My understanding is that the ship is now in the hands of the Nigerian Navy as the NNS Prosperity.
LÉ Emer was built in Ireland to the basic design of the Naval Service’s first purpose built Offshore Patrol Vessel, the LÉ Deirdre but was modified to improve stability and speed. Her original BOFORS 40mm L60 gun was recently upgraded to a BOFORS 40mm L70 thus improving the range and accuracy of her main armament.
Operationally, LÉ Emer chalked up a notable first when she undertook the first ever deployment of an Irish naval ship to resupply Irish troops serving with the United Nations troops in Lebanon in 1979. This was the first of many such deployments and the Naval Service now frequently supports Irish troops abroad.
A notable operation in her history was her part in the apprehension of the Marita Anne in 1984, which stopped after warning shots were fired by Emer and which was found to be carrying a significant quantity of arms and ammunition.
LÉ Emer is associated with Cork University Hospital and conducts fund raising efforts on its behalf around the coast. Although all the ships’ homeport is Haulbowline Island in Cork Harbour, LÉ Emer has a particularly close relationship with the city of Cork itself.
Emer from Celtic Mythology
Emer was the principal wife of Cúchulainn and the daughter of a chieftain from Rush, County Dublin, hence the Harp of Leinster. The fire relates to her description as burning with the seven virtues of womanhood, with seven flames rising from the fire. This particular symbolism is not clear, as Emer is not mentioned much in ancient literature. She appears as a major character in 'Bricriú Feat' and in one of 'Réamscéala' to the 'Táin Bó Cuailnge', which dealt with meeting and marriage to Cuchulainn.
Where she is mentioned, Emer is depicted as a proud, dominant, hot tempered, violent and sexually demanding female aristocrat who tolerates no rivals. War hero that Cuchulainn was, he always treated her with considerable respect and indeed circumspection.
Finally, my first full size steam locomotive is finished. I never imagened that building a train could be so satisfying.
I've never owned a lego train in real live because I always fell like the were too narrow. After some better research I found out that the wheels of a train weren't nessesarly at the outer edge of the train. This opened so much possibilities for me and the fun could begin.
I suddenly had wild plans for an entire line of locomotives and rolling stock. In order to further increase my understanding of trains and there history I wanted to build my trains in a chronological order, a plan that failed with my second locomotive, but who cares.
I hope you like this one and please feel free to comment!
===================================================
-:- ( 1 ) - ( 2 ) - ( 3 ) - ( 2X5 ) - ( 6 ) - ( 7 ) - ( 8 ) - ( 9 ) - (2X10) -:-
===================================================
With some Haiku Notes:
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Other dimensions
providing information,
just don't look; but see.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Take aim and you'll see
truth behind reality
in both yin and yang
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
It's all in your mind
concentrate and be mindful
sense reality
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The Noble Eightfold Path describes the way to the end of suffering, as it was laid out by Siddhartha Gautama. It is a practical guideline to ethical and mental development with the goal of freeing the individual from attachments and delusions; and it finally leads to understanding the truth about all things. Together with the Four Noble Truths it constitutes the gist of Buddhism. Great emphasis is put on the practical aspect, because it is only through practice that one can attain a higher level of existence and finally reach Nirvana. The eight aspects of the path are not to be understood as a sequence of single steps, instead they are highly interdependent principles that have to be seen in relationship with each other.
1. Right View
Right view is the beginning and the end of the path, it simply means to see and to understand things as they really are and to realise the Four Noble Truth. As such, right view is the cognitive aspect of wisdom. It means to see things through, to grasp the impermanent and imperfect nature of worldly objects and ideas, and to understand the law of karma and karmic conditioning. Right view is not necessarily an intellectual capacity, just as wisdom is not just a matter of intelligence. Instead, right view is attained, sustained, and enhanced through all capacities of mind. It begins with the intuitive insight that all beings are subject to suffering and it ends with complete understanding of the true nature of all things. Since our view of the world forms our thoughts and our actions, right view yields right thoughts and right actions.
2. Right Intention
While right view refers to the cognitive aspect of wisdom, right intention refers to the volitional aspect, i.e. the kind of mental energy that controls our actions. Right intention can be described best as commitment to ethical and mental self-improvement. Buddha distinguishes three types of right intentions: 1. the intention of renunciation, which means resistance to the pull of desire, 2. the intention of good will, meaning resistance to feelings of anger and aversion, and 3. the intention of harmlessness, meaning not to think or act cruelly, violently, or aggressively, and to develop compassion.
3. Right Speech
Right speech is the first principle of ethical conduct in the eightfold path. Ethical conduct is viewed as a guideline to moral discipline, which supports the other principles of the path. This aspect is not self-sufficient, however, essential, because mental purification can only be achieved through the cultivation of ethical conduct. The importance of speech in the context of Buddhist ethics is obvious: words can break or save lives, make enemies or friends, start war or create peace. Buddha explained right speech as follows: 1. to abstain from false speech, especially not to tell deliberate lies and not to speak deceitfully, 2. to abstain from slanderous speech and not to use words maliciously against others, 3. to abstain from harsh words that offend or hurt others, and 4. to abstain from idle chatter that lacks purpose or depth. Positively phrased, this means to tell the truth, to speak friendly, warm, and gently and to talk only when necessary.
4. Right Action
The second ethical principle, right action, involves the body as natural means of expression, as it refers to deeds that involve bodily actions. Unwholesome actions lead to unsound states of mind, while wholesome actions lead to sound states of mind. Again, the principle is explained in terms of abstinence: right action means 1. to abstain from harming sentient beings, especially to abstain from taking life (including suicide) and doing harm intentionally or delinquently, 2. to abstain from taking what is not given, which includes stealing, robbery, fraud, deceitfulness, and dishonesty, and 3. to abstain from sexual misconduct. Positively formulated, right action means to act kindly and compassionately, to be honest, to respect the belongings of others, and to keep sexual relationships harmless to others. Further details regarding the concrete meaning of right action can be found in the Precepts.
5. Right Livelihood
Right livelihood means that one should earn one's living in a righteous way and that wealth should be gained legally and peacefully. The Buddha mentions four specific activities that harm other beings and that one should avoid for this reason: 1. dealing in weapons, 2. dealing in living beings (including raising animals for slaughter as well as slave trade and prostitution), 3. working in meat production and butchery, and 4. selling intoxicants and poisons, such as alcohol and drugs. Furthermore any other occupation that would violate the principles of right speech and right action should be avoided.
6. Right Effort
Right effort can be seen as a prerequisite for the other principles of the path. Without effort, which is in itself an act of will, nothing can be achieved, whereas misguided effort distracts the mind from its task, and confusion will be the consequence. Mental energy is the force behind right effort; it can occur in either wholesome or unwholesome states. The same type of energy that fuels desire, envy, aggression, and violence can on the other side fuel self-discipline, honesty, benevolence, and kindness. Right effort is detailed in four types of endeavours that rank in ascending order of perfection: 1. to prevent the arising of unarisen unwholesome states, 2. to abandon unwholesome states that have already arisen, 3. to arouse wholesome states that have not yet arisen, and 4. to maintain and perfect wholesome states already arisen.
7. Right Mindfulness
Right mindfulness is the controlled and perfected faculty of cognition. It is the mental ability to see things as they are, with clear consciousness. Usually, the cognitive process begins with an impression induced by perception, or by a thought, but then it does not stay with the mere impression. Instead, we almost always conceptualise sense impressions and thoughts immediately. We interpret them and set them in relation to other thoughts and experiences, which naturally go beyond the facticity of the original impression. The mind then posits concepts, joins concepts into constructs, and weaves those constructs into complex interpretative schemes. All this happens only half consciously, and as a result we often see things obscured. Right mindfulness is anchored in clear perception and it penetrates impressions without getting carried away. Right mindfulness enables us to be aware of the process of conceptualisation in a way that we actively observe and control the way our thoughts go. Buddha accounted for this as the four foundations of mindfulness: 1. contemplation of the body, 2. contemplation of feeling (repulsive, attractive, or neutral), 3. contemplation of the state of mind, and 4. contemplation of the phenomena.
8. Right Concentration
The eighth principle of the path, right concentration, refers to the development of a mental force that occurs in natural consciousness, although at a relatively low level of intensity, namely concentration. Concentration in this context is described as one-pointedness of mind, meaning a state where all mental faculties are unified and directed onto one particular object. Right concentration for the purpose of the eightfold path means wholesome concentration, i.e. concentration on wholesome thoughts and actions. The Buddhist method of choice to develop right concentration is through the practice of meditation. The meditating mind focuses on a selected object. It first directs itself onto it, then sustains concentration, and finally intensifies concentration step by step. Through this practice it becomes natural to apply elevated levels concentration also in everyday situations.
An Additional Haiku Note:
=============================
Take time be aware
we are no-thing but our thoughts
so said the Buddha
=============================
Personal Thoughts from August 07, 1976
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy is one.
Individuals are parts of that one.
Individuals through a source such as Love
(or other emotion or virtue) are one.
Thoughts are a source of energy.
Energy is neither created or destroyed.
Thoughts are neither created or destroyed.
Individuals are tuned-in to thoughts.
We do not think; we experience thought.
Our level of development is how we use
these thoughts to experience other
thoughts.
We are actually experiencing energies.
Our level of development is how we can
tune-in to these energies.
Our true purpose is to think and develop;
think and develop; become the source of energy.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
"Once I knew only darkness and stillness... my life was without past or future... but a little word from the fingers of another fell into my hand that clutched at emptiness, and my heart leaped to the rapture of living." - Helen Keller
Leipziger Buchmesse 2014
2014-03-15 (Saturday)
2014_054
2014#119
lenia (Anja) 262725 as Jessica Rabbit from Roger Rabbit
Thank you for any group invites which I will gladly accept. However, if I can't check the content of such groups ("This group is not available to you") I'd rather not add any of my photos. Thanks for your understanding.
Scratched into the horizontal surface of one of the steps leading to Il-Maqluba. Who knows if they still care for each other?
Leica-M6 TTL 0.85. Elmarit-M 1:2.8/90mm. FP 4 Plus Ilford.
Developer Ilford ID 11 1+1 20º 11 min.
Nikon Super Coolscan 5000 ED. Film Scanner.
Schoolstraat . Kunsten centrum Venlo. Paard op stella'ge (Horse on scaffolding)
Thank you everyone for your visit, favorites and comments
Merci à tous pour votre visite, favoris et commentaires
🔴Leica my point of view.
Wetzlar, Deutschland.
Leica-CL 1974 Rangefinder
Leica-M 6 TTL 0.72 1998 Rangefinder
Leica-M6 TTL 0.85 2001 Rangefinder
"..,So where are the strong
And who are the trusted?
And where is the harmony?
Sweet harmony
'Cause each time I feel it slippin' away, just makes me wanna cry
What's so funny 'bout peace love & understanding?
What's so funny 'bout peace love & understanding?"
I wish to thank everyone who has viewed my photos. I appreciate viewing yours also. Photos really do make the world come together and assist understanding between cultures. Thanks and Cheers.
standing under some things understanding some things
standing under some things understanding some things standing under some things understanding some things standing under some things understanding some things standing under some things understanding some things standing under some things understanding some things standing under some things understanding some things standing under some things understanding some things standing under some things understanding some things standing under some things understanding some things standing under some things understanding some things standing under some things understanding some things standing under some things understanding some things standing under some things understanding some things standing under some things understanding some things standing under some things understanding some things standing under some things understanding some things standing under some things understanding some things standing under some things understanding some things standing under some things understanding some things standing under some things understanding some things standing under some things understanding some things standing under some things understanding some things standing under some things understanding some things...
"Understanding Society" is the main theme of Tilburg University in the southern province of Noord Brabant of The Netherlands. But there's only so much 'understanding' a visiting committee can take in at one sitting. So we went on a couple of pleasant walks through the spaciously laid out campus. There's a wonderful, rectangular pond with modern sculpture, and walking in the low, bright sun rays this view delighted our eyes: truly Blazing Autumnal Waters. My precise little Sony T900 recorded what we saw as faithfully as I remember it...
A bit facetiously it might be added that the ciitzens of Tilburg are proud to ply their once offensive nickname of "Kruikezeikers" (Pot-pissers). Tilburg grew from various impoverished hamlets where sheep grazing was the main occupation. The wool was then shipped out to other places. But in early-modern times, households began their own wool industry, taking textile making into their own hands, as it were. Hardly a home could be found without a loom. Industry-size millhouses were established in the nineteenth century, and Tilburg became the wool and textile capital of the Netherlands. In former times, urine was necessary for wool-processing, and it was collected in earthenware jars. Hence that Tilburg epitheton (now fashionably) ornans!
Incidentally, it was this kind of industry that Karl Marx decried in the nineteenth century and led him to write "Das Kapital". Students of the then still Catholic University in 1969 for a short time effected a change of name for their institution, calling it Karl Marx Universiteit.
Whatever the case, after our little stretching of the legs we again turned to "Understanding Society".
Not sure I think he was writing "send me 3 and 4pence as were going to a dance" but I thought I heard his Captain asking "Send us reinforcements were going to advance" :))
.scepticism,
You might like what I say, you might enjoy what I write, but you should not believe it.
If it sounds so right to you, you should not take it for granted, at all.
You should discuss it, go check it, experience it, feel it, love it, hate it, change it, ...
... for yourself.
... Please.
[more pics inside]
“There can be no understanding between the hand and the brain unless the heart acts as mediator.”
(Maria in Metropolis, Fritz Lang)
Part of PN Cotton Mill project
Nikon Fa, Sigma 24mm. f/2, Fomapan 200 Creative pushed to 400.
All Rights Reserved. No parts of this Photo Stream may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, for any purposes without the written permission from Soo Hon Keong. Thank you for your respect and understanding. If you would like to use /buy any photo from this site, drop me a mail at soohonk@gmail.com. Once my written consent is given then only you may used it by giving full credits to me and with a link back to the original.
Copyright © 2007 Soo Hon Keong. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
My understanding is that CFE leases the ol' PRR trackage from CSX, even though I believe it is dispatched by NS. The landlord (CSX) rarely makes an appearance on this railroad; in fact, NS is now making a move to utilize the old Pennsy MUCH more.
One of these trains is shown here meeting a CFE rail train at Wanatah, IN. 16E is a BRC-Clearing to Conway junker, and to relieve some pressure off the ex-NYC main through Elkhart, NS has decided to send it via Ft. Wayne-Lima-Crestline on the CFE.
The ultimate goal is to send unit oil trains this way, but I guess anything not a priority can take this route. Even the track between Tolleston and Clakre Junction-ish is set to be restored with the diamond already put back in at Tolleston from what I have heard.
Good to see some actual signs of life along the PRR.
You wake up every morning with back and neck pain. Finally, you decide it’s time to replace your mattress. What size should you get, though? Here’s a breakdown of which size will work best for your specific situation.
To continue reading this article, please click on the following link!
www.nectarsleep.com/posts/understanding-mattress-dimensions/
The Day Is Near
And do this, understanding the present time: The hour has already come for you to wake up from your slumber, because our salvation is nearer now than when we first believed. The night is nearly over; the day is almost here. So let us put aside the deeds of darkness and put on the armor of light. Let us behave decently, as in the daytime, not in carousing and drunkenness, not in sexual immorality and debauchery, not in dissension and jealousy. Rather, clothe yourselves with the Lord Jesus Christ, and do not think about how to gratify the desires of the flesh.
[Romans 13:11-14]
5 THINGS YOU SHOULD KNOW:
1. Like it or not, we are ALL sinners: As the Scriptures say, “No one is righteous—not even one. No one is truly wise; no one is seeking God. All have turned away; all have become useless. No one does good, not a single one.” (Romans 3:10-12 NLT)
2. The punishment for sin is death: When Adam sinned, sin entered the world. Adam’s sin brought death, so death spread to everyone, for everyone sinned. (Romans 5:12 NLT)
3. Jesus is our only hope: But God showed his great love for us by sending Christ to die for us while we were still sinners. (Romans 5:8 NLT) For the wages of sin is death, but the free gift of God is eternal life through Christ Jesus our Lord. (Romans 6:23 NLT)
4. SALVATION is by GRACE through FAITH in JESUS: God saved you by his grace when you believed. And you can’t take credit for this; it is a gift from God. Salvation is not a reward for the good things we have done, so none of us can boast about it. For we are God’s masterpiece. He has created us anew in Christ Jesus, so we can do the good things he planned for us long ago. (Ephesians 2:8-10 NLT)
5. Accept Jesus and receive eternal life: If you openly declare that Jesus is Lord and believe in your heart that God raised him from the dead, you will be saved. (Romans 10:9 NLT) But to all who believed him and accepted him, he gave the right to become children of God. (John 1:12 NLT) And this is what God has testified: He has given us eternal life, and this life is in his Son. Whoever has the Son has life; whoever does not have God’s Son does not have life. (1 John 5:11-12 NLT)
Read the Bible for yourself. Allow the Lord to speak to you through his Word. YOUR ETERNITY IS AT STAKE!
In the hustle and bustle of the lead up to Christmas......slow down a while and take
time to 'smell the roses'....it will help put things into perspective.
Philippians 4:7
And the peace of God, which passeth all understanding, shall keep your hearts and minds through Christ Jesus.
Leipziger Buchmesse 2016 / Leipzig Book Fair 2016
2016-03-18 (Friday)
2016_009
2016#213
Grinsekatze_xD (Diana) 776659 as Madoka Kaname from Puella Magi Madoka Magica
Thank you for any group invites which I'd be glad to accept. However, if I can't check the content of such groups ("This group is not available to you") I'd rather not add any of my photos. Thanks for your understanding.
A walk into town to see the East Kent Morris dancers on Easter Saturday the 19th April 2025. and to get a haircut. Yellow filter on camera today.M1010693
Understanding Guilt
Scriptures: John 8:1-11
Guilt over doing something that violates the conscience is a normal emotion. However, living under a cloud of remorse for no discernible reason is not. The Lord designed feelings of culpability and regret to serve as a reminder that a person has done wrong and needs to repent. But Satan twists those emotions to imprison men and women: those living in shame are uncertain of God's love and often lack self-confidence. Good guilt--the Lord's effective tool for prompting repentance--is a gift that helps us find the right path. However, the Devil encourages false guilt, which involves taking responsibility for things outside our control and then suffering self-condemnation for not changing the outcome. This unhealthy type of guilt is also a widespread problem for those in legalistic churches or lifestyles--certain behaviors or thoughts are labeled as wrong, and then people feel ashamed for doing or thinking those things. Self-condemnation stunts a relationship with Jesus. Instead of enjoying the peace of God, people who are trapped by shame fear His rejection and feel driven to prove their worth. Trust is nearly impossible because they are waiting for God's judgment to rain down. Their guilt even colors how they see themselves: rather than saying, "My action is wrong," they say, "I am bad." Jesus did not come to accuse or condemn us. Christ restored our souls and made us righteous before God so that our guilt is removed. If our Savior forgave the woman caught in an adulterous relationship, just imagine how ready He is to take your shame away too (John 8:11).
_____
Dr. Charles Stanley
I took the info from wikipedia
I ask everyone to respect this page.
I do not want this to be used for a struggle of good against evil.
A fight Isreal-Iran or Israel-Palestine.
Á proper channels for this.
This page is ara to reveal a bit of Israel.
Thank you all for understanding
Is a country in Western Asia located on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. It borders Lebanon in the north, Syria in the northeast, Jordan in the east, and Egypt on the southwest, and contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area.[6] Also adjacent are the West Bank to the east and Gaza Strip to the southwest. Israel is the world's only predominantly Jewish state with a population of about 7.5 million people, of whom approximately 5.7 million are Jewish. The largest ethnic minority group is the segment denominated as Arab citizens of Israel, while minority religious groups include Muslims, Christians, Druze, Samaritans, most of whom are found within the Arab segment.
The modern state of Israel has its historical and religious roots in the Biblical Land of Israel (Eretz Yisrael), also known as Zion, a concept central to Judaism since ancient times, and the heartland of the ancient kingdoms of Israel and Judah. Following the birth of political Zionism in 1897 and the Balfour Declaration, the League of Nations granted Great Britain the Mandate for Palestine after World War I, with responsibility for establishing "...such political, administrative and economic conditions as will secure the establishment of the Jewish national home, as laid down in the preamble, and the development of self-governing institutions, and also for safeguarding the civil and religious rights of all the inhabitants of Palestine, irrespective of race and religion..."
In November 1947, the United Nations voted in favor of the partition of Palestine, proposing the creation of a Jewish state, an Arab state and a UN-administered Jerusalem. Partition was accepted by Zionist leaders but rejected by Arab leaders leading to the 1947–1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine. Israel declared independence on 14 May 1948 and neighboring Arab states attacked the next day. Since then, Israel has fought a series of wars with neighboring Arab states, and in consequence occupies territories beyond those delineated in the 1949 Armistice Agreements. Some international borders remain in dispute. Israel has signed peace treaties with Egypt and Jordan, though efforts to resolve conflict with the Palestinians have so far only met with limited success.
Israel is a developed country and a representative democracy with a parliamentary system and universal suffrage. The Prime Minister serves as head of government and the Knesset serves as Israel's legislative body. The economy, based on the nominal gross domestic product, was the 41st-largest in the world in 2008. Israel ranks highest among Middle Eastern countries on the UN Human Development Index, and has one of the highest life expectancies in the world. Jerusalem is the country's capital, although it is not recognized internationally as such,[a] while Israel's main financial center is Tel Aviv.
Etymology
Over the past three thousand years, the name "Israel" has meant in common and religious usage both the Land of Israel and the entire Jewish nation. According to the Bible, Jacob is renamed Israel after successfully wrestling with an angel of God.
The earliest archaeological artifact to mention "Israel" (other than as a personal name) is the Merneptah Stele of ancient Egypt (dated the late 13th century BCE), which refers to a people of that name. The modern country was named Medinat Yisrael, or the State of Israel, after other proposed names, including Eretz Israel ("the Land of Israel"), Zion, and Judea, were rejected. In the early weeks of independence, the government chose the term "Israeli" to denote a citizen of Israel, with the formal announcement made by Minister of Foreign Affairs Moshe Sharett.
History
Please go to
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Israel
Geography
Please go to
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Israel
Other Info
Oficial Name:
מדינת ישראל
(Medīnat Yisra'el)
دولة إسرائيل
(Dawlat Isrā'īl)
Independence:
Declaration 14 May 1948 (05 Iyar 5708)
Area:
20.425km2
Inhabitants:
7.910.000
Languages:
Adyghe [ady] 3,000 in Israel (1987). Kafr Kama and Rehaniya, small border villages. Alternate names: West Circassian, Adygey. Classification: North Caucasian, West Caucasian, Circassian
More information.
Amharic [amh] 40,000 in Israel (1994 H. Mutzafi). Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, South, Ethiopian, South, Transversal, Amharic-Argobba
More information.
Arabic, Judeo-Iraqi [yhd] 100,000 in Israel (1994). Population total all countries: 100,100. Originally from Iraq. Also spoken in India, Iraq, United Kingdom. Alternate names: Iraqi Judeo-Arabic, Jewish Iraqi-Baghdadi Arabic, Arabi, Yahudic. Dialects: Not intelligible with Judeo-Tripolitanian Arabic, Judeo-Tunisian Arabic, or Judeo-Moroccan Arabic. Close to Baghdadi Arabic and North Mesopotamian Arabic. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Arabic
More information.
Arabic, Judeo-Moroccan [aju] 250,000 in Israel (1992 H. Mutzafi). Population total all countries: 258,925. Also spoken in Canada, France, Morocco. Dialects: Many dialects. Much intelligibility with Tunisian Judeo-Arabic, some with Judeo-Tripolitanian Arabic, but none with Judeo-Iraqi Arabic. May be inherently intelligible with Moroccan Arabic. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Arabic
More information.
Arabic, Judeo-Tripolitanian [yud] 30,000 in Israel (1994 H. Mutzafi). Population total all countries: 35,000. Originally from Tripolitania, Libya. None left in Libya. Also spoken in Italy. Alternate names: Tripolitanian Judeo-Arabic, Jewish Tripolitanian-Libyan Arabic, Tripolita'it, Yudi. Dialects: Not intelligible with Judeo-Iraqi Arabic. Medium intelligibility with Judeo-Tunisian Arabic and Judeo-Morocco Arabic. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Arabic
More information.
Arabic, Judeo-Tunisian [ajt] 45,000 in Israel (1995 H. Mutzafi). Population total all countries: 45,500. Also spoken in France, Italy, Spain, Tunisia, USA. Dialects: Medium intelligibility with Judeo-Moroccan Arabic and Judeo-Tripolitanian Arabic, but none with Judeo-Iraqi Arabic. A lexicon of 5,000 words in 1950 had 79% words of Arabic origin, 15% Romance loanwords, 4.4% Hebrew loanwords, 1.6% others (D. Cohen 1985:254). Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Arabic
More information.
Arabic, Judeo-Yemeni [jye] 50,000 in Israel (1995 Y. Kara). Population total all countries: 51,000. Also spoken in Yemen. Alternate names: Judeo-Yemeni, Yemenite Judeo-Arabic. Dialects: San`a, `Aden, Be:da, Habban. Language varieties are all markedly different from their coterritorial Muslim ones. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Arabic
More information.
Arabic, South Levantine Spoken [ajp] 910,000 in Israel. Alternate names: Levantine, Palestanian-Jordanian Arabic. Dialects: Madani, Fellahi. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Arabic
More information.
Arabic, Standard [arb] Middle East, North Africa. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Arabic
More information.
Armenian [hye] 3,000 in Israel (1971 The Armenian Review). Jerusalem. Alternate names: Haieren, Somkhuri, Ermenice, Armjanski. Dialects: Western Armenian. Classification: Indo-European, Armenian
More information.
Barzani Jewish Neo-Aramaic [bjf] 20 (2004 Mutzafi). In Israel since 1951. Alternate names: Lishan Didan, Lishan Dideni, Bijil Neo-Aramaic. Dialects: Barzan, Shahe, Bijil. Sandu is a Jewish Neo-Aramaic dialect closely related to Barzani, but evinces several isoglosses binding it with Lishana Deni. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, Aramaic, Eastern, Central, Northeastern Nearly extinct.
More information.
Bukharic [bhh] 50,000 in Israel (1995 H. Mutzafi). Population total all countries: 110,000. Also spoken in USA, Uzbekistan. Alternate names: Bokharic, Bukharian, Bokharan, Bukharan, Judeo-Tajik. Dialects: Related to Tajiki Persian. May be easily intelligible with Tajiki or Farsi. Also close to Judeo-Persian. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Southwestern, Persian
More information.
Domari [rmt] 2,000 in Israel (1997 Yaron Matras). Population includes Palestinian West Bank and Gaza. Mainly Jerusalem (Old City), Bir Zeit near Ramallah, and Gaza. Alternate names: Nawari, Dom, Near-Eastern Gypsy. Dialects: Nawari. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central zone, Dom
More information.
Dzhidi [jpr] 60,000 in Israel (1995). Also spoken in Iran. Alternate names: Judeo-Persian. Dialects: Close to Bukharic, Western Farsi. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Southwestern, Persian
More information.
English [eng] 100,000 in Israel (1993). Alternate names: Anglit. Classification: Indo-European, Germanic, West, English
More information.
Hebrew [heb] 4,847,000 in Israel (1998). Population total all countries: 5,055,000. Also spoken in Australia, Canada, Germany, Palestinian West Bank and Gaza, Panama, United Kingdom, USA. Alternate names: Ivrit. Dialects: Standard Hebrew (General Israeli, Europeanized Hebrew), Oriental Hebrew (Arabized Hebrew, Yemenite Hebrew). Not a direct offspring from Biblical or other varieties of Ancient Hebrew, but an amalgamation of different Hebrew strata plus intrinsic evolution within the living speech. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Canaanite
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Hulaulá [huy] 10,000 in Israel (1999 H. Mutzafi). Population total all countries: 10,300. Also spoken in Iran, USA. Alternate names: Judeo-Aramaic, Lishana Noshan, Lishana Axni, Jabali, Kurdit, Galiglu, 'Aramit, Hula Hula. Dialects: Saqiz, Kerend, Sanandaj, Suleimaniya. Very different and not intelligible with the Christian Aramaic languages or Lishana Deni. 60% to 70% intelligibility of Lishanan and Lishanid Noshan. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, Aramaic, Eastern, Central, Northeastern
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Hungarian [hun] 70,000 in Israel (1998 H. Mutzafi). Classification: Uralic, Finno-Ugric, Ugric, Hungarian
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Israeli Sign Language [isr] 5,000 users including some hearing persons (1986 Gallaudet Univ.). Alternate names: ISL. Dialects: Not derived from and relatively little influence from other sign languages. No special signs have been introduced from outside by educators. Minor dialect variation. Classification: Deaf sign language
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Judeo-Berber [jbe] 2,000 (1992 Podolsky). Formerly High Atlas range, Tifnut, and other communities. Speakers went to Israel from 1950 to 1960. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Berber, Northern, Atlas
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Judeo-Georgian [jge] 59,800 in Israel (2000 WCD). Population total all countries: 79,800. Some have gone elsewhere in the former USSR and to other countries. Also spoken in Georgia. Dialects: Oriental and Ashkenazic Jews in Georgia live separately. Judeo-Georgian speakers live separately from non-Jewish Georgian speakers. May not be a separate language from Georgian, but a dialect using various Hebrew loanwords. Classification: Kartvelian, Georgian
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Judeo-Tat [jdt] 70,000 in Israel (1998). Population total all countries: 101,000. Sderot, Haderah, and Or Akiva, Israel. None in Iran. They are emigrating from the Caucasus Mountains to Israel at the rate of 2,000 a year. Also spoken in Azerbaijan, Russia (Europe). Alternate names: Judeo-Tatic, Jewish Tat, Bik, Dzhuhuric, Juwri, Juhuri. Dialects: Derbend. Several dialects. Difficult intelligibility of Mussulman Tat. There may also be a Christian dialect. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Southwestern, Tat
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Ladino [lad] 100,000 in Israel (1985). Population total all countries: 110,000. Ethnic group members also in Salonica, Greece; Sofia, Bulgaria. Formerly also in Morocco. Also spoken in Greece, Puerto Rico, Turkey (Europe), USA. Alternate names: Judeo Spanish, Sefardi, Dzhudezmo, Judezmo, Spanyol, Haquetiya. Dialects: Judezmo (Judyo, Jidyo), Ladino, Haquetiya (Haketia, Haketiya, Hakitia). The Balkan dialect is more influenced by Turkish and Greek. The North African dialect is more influenced by Arabic and French. Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Ibero-Romance, West Iberian, Castilian
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Lishán Didán [trg] 4,228 in Israel (2001 WCD). Population total all countries: 4,378. Jerusalem and Tel-Aviv area mainly. Originally Iranian Azerbaijan and southeast Turkey. Also spoken in Azerbaijan, Georgia. Alternate names: Lishanán, Lishanid Nash Didán, Persian Azerbaijan Jewish Aramaic, Lakhlokhi, Galihalu. Dialects: Northern Cluster Lishán Didán, Southern Cluster Lishán Didán. 60% to 70% intelligibility of Hulaulá and Lishanid Noshan, but not of other Aramaic languages. Northern cluster subdialects are Urmi, Salmas, Anatolia; southern cluster dialects are Naghada, Ushno, Mahabad. The Urmi subdialect of Lishán Didán is different from the Urmi subdialect of Assyrian Neo-Aramaic. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, Aramaic, Eastern, Central, Northeastern
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Lishana Deni [lsd] 7,000 to 8,000 (1999 H. Mutzafi). Ethnic population: 9,061 (2000 WCD). Jerusalem and vicinity, including Maoz Tsiyon. Originally from northwest Iraqi Kurdistan. Alternate names: Judeo-Aramaic, Lishan Hudaye, Lishan Hozaye, Kurdit. Dialects: Zakho, Amadiya, Barashe, Shukho, Nerwa, Dohuk, Atrush, Bétanure. Resembles Chaldean Neo-Aramaic, but there are differences in morphology and other features. Inherent intelligibility is high between them. Low intelligibility of Ashirat dialects of Assyrian New-Aramaic; not intelligible with other Neo-Aramaic varieties. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, Aramaic, Eastern, Central, Northeastern
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Lishanid Noshan [aij] 2,000 to 2,500 (1994 H. Mutzafi). Originally eastern and southern Iraqi Kurdistan. Alternate names: Lishana Didán, Hulani, Kurdit, Galigalu, Jbeli, Hula'ula. Dialects: Arbel (Arbil), Dobe, Koy Sanjaq, Rwanduz, Rustaqa, Shaqlawa, Ranye, Qaladze. 60% to 70% inherent intelligibility of Lishanan and Hulaulá. Very different and not inherently intelligible with the Christian Aramaic languages and Lishana Deni. Western cluster subdialects are Arbil, Dobe. Eastern cluster subdialects are Southeastern varieties: Koy Sanjaq, Qaladze. Northeastern varieties: Rwanduz, Rustaqa. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, Aramaic, Eastern, Central, Northeastern
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Polish [pol] 100,000 in Israel (1992 H. Mutzafi). Alternate names: Polski. Classification: Indo-European, Slavic, West, Lechitic
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Romanian [ron] 250,000 in Israel (1993 Statistical Abstract of Israel). Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Eastern
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Russian [rus] 750,000 in Israel (1999 H. Mutzafi). Alternate names: Russit, Russki. Classification: Indo-European, Slavic, East
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Tigrigna [tir] 10,000 in Israel (1994 H. Mutzafi). Alternate names: Tigrinya. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, South, Ethiopian, North
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Yevanic [yej] 35 in Israel. There were a few semispeakers left in 1987 and may be none now. Population total all countries: 50. There may be a handful of older adult speakers still in Turkey. Also spoken in USA. Alternate names: Judeo-Greek, Yevanitika. Classification: Indo-European, Greek, Attic Nearly extinct.
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Yiddish Sign Language [yds] Classification: Deaf sign language
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Yiddish, Eastern [ydd] 215,000 in Israel (1986). Population total all countries: 3,142,560. Southeastern dialect in Ukraine and Romania, Mideastern dialect in Poland and Hungary, Northeastern dialect in Lithuania and Belarus. Also spoken in Argentina, Australia, Belarus, Belgium, Canada, Costa Rica, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Panama, Poland, Puerto Rico, Romania, Russia (Europe), South Africa, Ukraine, Uruguay, USA. Alternate names: Judeo-German, Yiddish. Dialects: Southeastern Yiddish, Mideastern Yiddish, Northeastern Yiddish. Has many loans from Hebrew and local languages where spoken. Eastern Yiddish originated east of the Oder River through Poland, extending into Belarus, Russia (to Smolensk), Lithuania, Latvia, Hungary, Rumania, Ukraine, and pre-state British-Mandate Palestine (Jerusalem and Safed). Western Yiddish originated in Germany, Holland, Switzerland, Alsace (France), Czechoslovakia, western Hungary, and is nearing extinction. It branched off medieval High German (mainly Rhenish dialects) and received Modern German influences during the 19th and early 20th centuries. Eastern and Western Yiddish have difficult inherent intelligibility because of differing histories and influences from other languages. There are some Western Yiddish speakers in Israel (M. Herzog 1977). Classification: Indo-European, Germanic, West, High German, Yiddish
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Extinct languages
Hebrew, Ancient [hbo] Extinct. Alternate names: Old Hebrew. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Canaanite
Capital city:
Jerusalem
Meaning country name:
Israel takes its name from the biblical patriarch Jacob, later known as Israel, literally meaning "struggled with God/he struggles with God". According to the account in the Book of Genesis, Jacob wrestled with a stranger (in later tradition said to have been an angel) at a river ford and won through perseverance. God then changed his name to Israel signifying that he had deliberated with God and won as he had wrestled and won with men.
Description Flag:
The flag of Israel was adopted on October 28, 1948, five months after the country's establishment. It depicts a blue Star of David on a white background, between two horizontal blue stripes. The blue color is mandated only as "dark sky-blue", and varies from flag to flag, ranging from a hue of pure blue, sometimes shaded almost as dark as navy blue, to hues about 75% toward pure cyan and shades as light as very light blue. The flag was designed for the Zionist Movement in 1891. The basic design recalls the Tallit, the Jewish prayer shawl, which is white with blue stripes. The hexagram in the centre is the Magen David ("shield of David"). It became a Jewish symbol starting in late medieval Prague, and was adopted by the First Zionist Congress in 1897.
Coat of arms:
The coat of arms of Israel shows a menorah surrounded by an olive branch on each side, and the writing "ישראל" (Hebrew for Israel) below it. While the background of the emblem is always blue, the menorah and olive branches can be either white or golden. The white-on-blue version appears on the presidential standard, while the gold-on-blue version is the common one when showing the emblem independently.
The State of Israel adopted its coat of arms after a design competition held in 1948. The design is based on the winning entry submitted by Gabriel and Maxim Shamir's proposal, with elements taken from other submissions, such as Oteh Walisch and W. Struski's and Itamar David and Yerachmiel Schechter's entries.
The image seems as if borrowed from the Zachariah (chapter 4); "I looked and behold a golden menorah with a bowl upon the top of it and seven lamps to it…and there are two olive trees by it, one upon the right of the bowl the other upon the left." However it is unclear whether this resemblance is intended or merely coincidental. The Shamir brothers did not mention this passage from Zachariah as the source of their design, even though they gave detailed account on their work in an interview to Maariv (February 16, 1949).
The menorah has been a symbol of Judaism for almost 3000 years. It was used in the ancient Temple in Jerusalem. The olive branches symbolize peace.
National Anthem: הַתִּקְוָה (Hatkvah)
Hebrew
כל עוד בלבב פנימה
נפש יהודי הומי
ולפאתי מזרח קדימה,
עין לציון צופיה,
עוד לא אבדה תקוותנו,
התקווה בת שנות אלפים,
להיות עם חופשי בארצנו,
ארץ ציון וירושלים.
Translitaration
Kol od baleivav p'nimah
Nefesh y'hudi homiyah
Ulfa'atei mizrach kadimah
Ayin l'tziyon tzofiyah
Od lo avdah tikvateinu
Hatikvah bat sh'not alpayim
Lihyot am chofshi b'artzeinu
Eretz tziyon viyrushalayim
Arab
طالما في القلب تكمن،
نفس يهودية تتوق،
وللأمام نحو الشرق،
عين تنظر إلى صهيون.
أملنا لم يضع بعد،
أمل عمره ألفا سنة،
أن نكون أمّة حرّة في بلادنا،
بلاد صهيون وأورشليم القدس.
أملنا لم يضع بعد،
الأمل الأزلي
أن نعود إلى بلاد آبائنا،
إلى المدينة التي نزل عليها داود
English
As long as in the heart, within,
A Jewish soul is yearning,
And to the edges of the East, eastward,
An eye watches towards Zion,
As long as in the heart, within,
A Jewish soul is yearning,
And to the edges of the East, eastward,
An eye watches towards Zion,
Internet Page: www.gov.il
Israel in diferent languages
eng | afr | arg | ast | bre | cat | cym | dan | dsb | eus | fin | fry | glg | glv | hsb | ibo | ina | jav | lin | lld | nor | por | roh | ron | rup | sme | spa | swe | tgl | tpi: Israel
ces | csb | hrv | hun | mfe | pol | slk | slv | szl: Izrael
fra | jnf | lim | nld: Israël
cos | ita | srd: Israele
deu | ltz | nds: Israel / Israel
aze | crh: İsrail / Исраил
bos | slo: Izrael / Израел
est | vor: Iisrael
gag | kaa: İzrail / Израиль
ind | msa: Israel / ايسرائل
kin | run: Israyeli
tur | zza: İsrail
bam: Isirayɛli
cor: Ysrael
dje: Israyla
epo: Israelo
fao: Ísrael
fij: Isireli
frp: Israyèl
fur: Israêl
gla: Iosrael; Israel
gle: Iosrael / Iosrael
hat: Izrayèl
hau: Isra’ila; Yahudawa
haw: ʻIseraʻela
isl: Ísrael; Gyðingaland
kab: Israil / ⵉⵙⵔⴰⵉⵍ
kmr: Îsraîl / Исраил / ئیسرائیل; Îzraîl / Израил / ئیزرائیل
kur: Israyil / ئسرایل; Îsrayil / ئیسرایل; Îsraîl / ئیسرائیل
lat: Israel; Israhel
lav: Izraēla
lit: Izraelis
liv: Izraēl
lug: Buyudaya
mlg: Israely; Isiraely
mlt: Iżrael
mol: Israel / Исраел
mos: Israyɛl
mri: Īharaira
nrm: Israêl
oci: Israèl
que: Israyil
rmy: Israel / इस्राएल
sag: Isaraëli
scn: Israeli
smg: Ėzraelis
smo: Isaraelu
som: Israa’iil
sqi: Izraeli
swa: Israeli; Uyahudi
tet: Izraél
ton: ʻIsileli
tsn: Iseraele
tuk: Izrail / Израиль
uzb: Isroil / Исроил
vie: Do Thái; I-xra-en
vol: Yisraelän
wln: Israyel
wol: Israayil
xho: kwaSirayeli
zul: KwaIsrayeli
chu: Исраиль (Israilĭ); Издраиль (Izdrailĭ); Израиль (Izrailĭ)
alt | che | chm | chv | kbd | kir | kjh | kom | krc | kum | mon | oss | rus | tyv | udm: Израиль (Izrail')
bak | tat: Израиль / İzrail
bul | mkd: Израел (Izrael)
abq: Израиль (Izrail)
bel: Ізраіль / Izrail
kaz: Израиль / Ïzraïl / يزرايل
lbe: Израэл (Izraėl)
srp: Израел / Izrael
tab: Изряил (Izräil)
tgk: Исроил / اسرائیل / Isroil
ukr: Ізраїль (Izraïl')
ara: إسرائيل (Isrāʾīl)
ckb: ئیسرائیل / Îsraîl
fas: اسرائیل / Esrâil
prs: اسراییل (Esrāyīl)
pus: اسراييل (Isrāyīl); اسرائيل (Isrāʾīl)
snd: اسرائيل (Isrāʾīlu)
uig: ئىسرائىلىيە / Israiliye / Исраилийә
urd: اسرائیل (Isrāʾīl); ازرائیل (Izrāʾīl)
div: އިސްރާއީލް (Isrā'īl)
syr: ܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ (Īsraʾīl)
heb: ישראל (Yiśraʾel)
lad: ישראל / Yisrael
yid: ישׂראל (Yiśroel)
amh: እስራኤል (Əsra'el)
cop-boh: Ⲓⲥⲣⲁⲏⲗ (Israīl)
ell-dhi: Ισραήλ (Israī́l)
ell-kat: Ἰσραήλ (Israḗl)
hye: Իսրայել (Israyel); Իզրաել (Izrayel)
kat: ისრაელი (Israeli)
hin: इसराइल (Isrāil); इस्राइल (Isrāil); इज़राइल (Izrāil); ईसराइल (Īsrāil); इज़राईल (Izrāīl)
mar: इस्रायल (Isrāyal)
nep: इज्राइल (Idzrāil)
ben: ইসরাইল (Isrāil); ইজরায়েল (Ijrāyel); ইস্রায়েল (Isrāyel); ইসরায়েল (Isrāyel)
pan: ਇਜ਼ਰਾਈਲ (Izrāīl)
kan: ಇಸ್ರೇಲ್ (Isrēl)
mal: ഇസ്രയേല് (Israyēl); ഇസ്രായേല് (Isrāyēl)
tam: இஸ்ரேல் (Isrēl); இசுரேல் (Ičurēl)
tel: ఇస్రాయెల్ (Isrāyel)
zho: 以色列 (Yǐsèliè)
yue: 以色列 (Yíhsīkliht)
jpn: イスラエル (Isuraeru)
kor: 이스라엘 (Iseurael)
bod: ཨི་སི་ར་ཨེལ་ (I.si.ra.el.); དབྱི་སེ་ལེ་ (dByi.se.le.); ཡི་ཟི་རེ་ལ་ (Yi.zi.re.la.)
dzo: ཨིཛ་རཱེལ་ (Idz.rēl.)
mya: အစ္စရေး (Iʿsẏè)
tha: อิสราเอล (Itrā'ēn)
lao: ອິດສະລະແອນ (Itsala'ǣn)
khm: អ៊ីស្រាអែល (Īsrā'æl)