View allAll Photos Tagged Trigonometry
The second session of BYU Chip Camp ended this week with another success! Chip Camp brings 160 7th and 8th graders to the BYU campus for STEM related activities over 3 days. This pictures shows one of the activities - the launching of paper rockets with an air powered launcher. The girl shown is concentrating on getting her launch angle just right. Whatever she did was correct because her rocket went so far it got lost in some distant bushes and was never found. In the background is the lineup of kids eager to get their rockets launched.
For more of my creative projects, visit my short stories website: 500ironicstories.com
الأَسْطُرلاب (ويقال له: الأصْطُرلاب)[1] هو آلة فلكية قديمة وأطلق عليه العرب ذات الصفائح. وهو نموذج ثنائي البعد للقبة السماوية، وهو يظهر كيف تبدو السماء في مكان محدد عند وقت محدد. وقد رسمت السماء على وجه الأسطرلاب بحيث يسهل إيجاد المواضع السماوية عليه. بعض الأسطرلابات صغيرة الحجم وسهلة الحمل، وبعضها ضخم يصل قطر بعضها إلى عدة أمتار[2].
وقد كانت الأسطرلابات حواسيبا فلكية في وقتها، فقد كانت تحل المسائل المتعلقة بأماكن الأجرام السماوية، مثل الشمس والنجوم، والوقت أيضا. وقد كانت ساعات جيب لعلماء الفلك في القرون الوسطى. وقد تمكنوا أيضا من قياس ارتفاع الشمس في السماء، وهذا مكنهم من تقدير الوقت في النهار أو الليل، كما يمكنهم من تحديد وقت بزوغ الشمس أو تكبد النجوم. وقد طبع على ظهر الأسطرلاب جداولا مبتكرة مكنتهم من هذه الحسابات. ويمكن لهذه الجداول أن تحتوي على معلومات عن منحنيات لتحويل الوقت، ومقومة لتحويل اليوم في الشهر إلى مكان للشمس في دائرة البروج، ومقاييس مثلثية وتدريجات لـ 360 درجة.[2]
محتويات [أخف]
1أصل الأسطرلاب
2كتب في أسطرلاب
3مراجع
4وصلات خارجية
أصل الأسطرلاب[عدل]
وأصل هذه الآلة غير معروف، وقد كتب "Theon of Alexandria" عن الأسطرلاب في القرن الرابع قبل الميلادي، وأول رسالة إغريقية محفوظة تعود للقرن السادس الميلادي.[2] وقد طور علماء الفلك المسلمون الأسطرلاب تطويرا كاملا في العهد الإسلامي بسبب حاجتهم لتحديد أوقات الصلاة واتجاه مكة. وقد بقي الأسطرلاب مستخدما على نحو شائع حتى سنة 1800م [2]. وهناك كتاب فقد أصله اليوناني ولكن نسخته العربية موجودة لحسن الحظ ورجع البعض أن مخترع الاسطرلاب بشكله المعروف هو ابن الشاطر العالم الدمشقي[بحاجة لمصدر]. وممن كتبوا عنه من اليونانيين أيضا يوحنا النحوي في القرن السادس الميلادي، وقد كتب كتابا عن الأسطرلاب المسطح بطلميوس صاحب المجسطى وعرفنا من اليعقوبي المؤرخ. وهناك كتابات باللغة السريانية حول الأسطرلاب ترجع إلى القرن السابع الميلادي وتنسب إلى سفيروس سيبوخت. على الرغم من كل هذا فإن هناك من ينسب هذا الاختراع إلى أبو إسحق إبراهيم الفزارى في القرن الثامن الميلادي!!.[بحاجة لمصدر] لكن المؤكد أن العرب عرفوا الأسطرلاب وأضافوا إلى المعرفة الإنسانية الكثير حوله، ومن الكتابات المشهورة عند العرب في هذا الشأن كتابات عبد الرحمن بن عمر الصوفي وهو كتاب العمل بالأسطرلاب ومنها الكتاب الكبير في عمل الأسطرلاب، وهو موجود وتم تحقيقه، وهناك باحثة يونانية كتبت رسالة دكتوراه في جامعة باريس (بالفرنسية والإنجليزية) عن الأسطرلاب وجهد عبد الرحمن الصوفي في ذلك، بل وحققت بعض أعماله، واسمها فلورا كفافيا.
وقد اخترعت مريم الاسطرلابي الأسطرلاب المعقد[3]
كان الأسطرلاب يستخدم في الملاحة العربية لتعيين زوايا ارتفاع الأجرام السماوية بالنسبة للأفق في أي مكان لحساب الوقت والبعد عن خط الاستواء. يتكون الاسطرلاب من العديد من القطع منها العنكبوت وهى قطعة كانت تمثل مدار الشمس في دائرة البروج وتجد أيضا بها النجوم وكذلك الصفيحة وهى القطعة التي كانت توضع عليها دوائر الارتفاع والسموت ومواقيت الصلاة والمنازل الاثنى عشر وغيرها الكثير وهناك قطعة كانت تسمى الام حيث كانت تحتوى جميع القطع والعضادة والفرس. تقسم الدائرة لدرجات لتعيين زوايا ارتفاع النجم أو الشمس لتحديد موقعه.
ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%A...
An astrolabe (Greek: ἀστρολάβος astrolabos, "star-taker")[1] is an elaborate inclinometer, historically used by astronomers, navigators, and astrologers. Its many uses include locating and predicting the positions of the Sun, Moon, planets, and stars, determining local time given local latitude and vice versa, surveying, and triangulation. It was used in classical antiquity, the Islamic Golden Age, the European Middle Ages and Renaissance for all these purposes. In the Islamic world, it was also used to calculate the Qibla and to find the times for Salat prayers.
There is often confusion between the astrolabe and the mariner's astrolabe. While the astrolabe could be useful for determining latitude on land, it was an awkward instrument for use on the heaving deck of a ship or in wind. The mariner's astrolabe was developed to solve these problems.
OED gives the translation "star-taker" for the English word "astrolabe" and traces it, through medieval Latin, to the Greek word astrolabos] from astron "star" and lambanein "to take".In the medieval Islamic world the word "asturlab" (i.e. astrolabe) was given various etymologies. In Arabic texts, the word is translated as "akhdh al-kawakib" (lit. "taking the stars") which corresponds to an interpretation of the Greek word.Al-Biruni quotes and criticizes the medieval scientist Hamzah al-Isfahani who had stated: "asturlab is an arabization of this Persian phrase" (sitara yab, meaning "taker of the stars").In medieval Islamic sources, there is also a "fictional" and popular etymology of the words as "lines of lab". In this popular etymology, "Lab" is a certain son of Idris (=Enoch). This etymology is mentioned by a 10th-century scientist named al-Qummi but rejected by al-Khwarizmi.[6] "Lab" in Arabic also means "sun" and "black stony places"
An early astrolabe was invented in the Hellenistic world by Apollonius of Perga, around 220 BCE or in 150 BC and is often attributed to Hipparchus. A marriage of the planisphere and dioptra, the astrolabe was effectively an analog calculator capable of working out several different kinds of problems in spherical astronomy. Theon of Alexandria wrote a detailed treatise on the astrolabe, and Lewis[7] argues that Ptolemy used an astrolabe to make the astronomical observations recorded in the Tetrabiblos.[a] It is generally accepted that Greek astrologers, in either the first or second centuries BC, invented the astrolabe, an instrument that measures the altitude of stars and planets above the horizon. Some historians attribute its invention to Hypatia, the daughter of the mathematician Theon Alexandricus (c. 335 – c. 405), and others note that Synesius, a student of Hypatia, credits her for the invention in his letters.
Astrolabes continued in use in the Greek-speaking world throughout the Byzantine period. About 550 AD the Christian philosopher John Philoponus wrote a treatise on the astrolabe in Greek, which is the earliest extant Greek treatise on the instrument.[b] In addition, Severus Sebokht, a bishop who lived in Mesopotamia, also wrote a treatise on the astrolabe in Syriac in the mid-7th century.[c] Severus Sebokht refers in the introduction of his treatise to the astrolabe as being made of brass, indicating that metal astrolabes were known in the Christian East well before they were developed in the Islamic world or the Latin West.
Medieval era.A treatise explaining the importance of the astrolabe by Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, Persian scientist.
Exploded view of an astrolabe diagram of an astrolabe's tympan. Animation showing how celestial and geographic coordinates are mapped on an astrolabe's tympan through a stereographic projection. Hypothetical tympan (40 degrees North Latitude) of a 16th-century Europenan planispheric astrolabe. Astrolabes were further developed in the medieval Islamic world, where Muslim astronomers introduced angular scales to the astrolabe, adding circles indicating azimuths on the horizon.It was widely used throughout the Muslim world, chiefly as an aid to navigation and as a way of finding the Qibla, the direction of Mecca. The first person credited with building the astrolabe in the Islamic world is reportedly the 8th-century mathematician Muhammad al-Fazari.The mathematical background was established by the Muslim astronomer Albatenius in his treatise Kitab az-Zij (ca. 920 AD), which was translated into Latin by Plato Tiburtinus (De Motu Stellarum). The earliest surviving dated astrolabe is dated AH 315 (927/8 AD). In the Islamic world, astrolabes were used to find the times of sunrise and the rising of fixed stars, to help schedule morning prayers (salat). In the 10th century, al-Sufi first described over 1,000 different uses of an astrolabe, in areas as diverse as astronomy, astrology, navigation, surveying, timekeeping, prayer, Salat, Qibla, etc. Astrolabium Masha'Allah Public Library Bruges (nl) Ms. 522
The spherical astrolabe, a variation of both the astrolabe and the armillary sphere, was invented during the Middle Ages by astronomers and inventors in the Islamic world.[d] The earliest description of the spherical astrolabe dates back to Al-Nayrizi (fl. 892–902). In the 12th century, Sharaf al-Dīn al-Tūsī invented the linear astrolabe, sometimes called the "staff of al-Tusi," which was "a simple wooden rod with graduated markings but without sights. It was furnished with a plumb line and a double chord for making angular measurements and bore a perforated pointer."The first geared mechanical astrolabe was later invented by Abi Bakr of Isfahan in 1235.
Peter of Maricourt, in the last half of the 13th century, also wrote a treatise on the construction and use of a universal astrolabe (Nova compositio astrolabii particularis). Universal astrolabes can be found at the History of Science Museum in Oxford.The English author Geoffrey Chaucer (ca. 1343–1400) compiled a treatise on the astrolabe for his son, mainly based on Messahalla. The same source was translated by the French astronomer and astrologer Pélerin de Prusse and others. The first printed book on the astrolabe was Composition and Use of Astrolabe by Christian of Prachatice, also using Messahalla, but relatively original.
In 1370, the first Indian treatise on the astrolabe was written by the Jain astronomer Mahendra Suri.The first known metal astrolabe in Western Europe is the Destombes astrolabe made from brass in tenth-century Spain.[20][21] Metal astrolabes avoided the warping that large wooden astrolabes were prone to, allowing the construction of larger and therefore more accurate instruments; however, metal astrolabes were also heavier than wooden instruments of the same size, making it difficult to use them as navigational instruments.[22] The astrolabe was almost certainly first brought north of the Pyrenees by Gerbert of Aurillac (future Pope Sylvester II), where it was integrated into the quadrivium at the school in Reims, France, sometime before the turn of the 11th century.[23] In the 15th century, the French instrument-maker Jean Fusoris (fr) (ca. 1365–1436) also started remaking and selling astrolabes in his shop in Paris, along with portable sundials and other popular scientific gadgets of the day. Thirteen of his astrolabes survive to this day. Finally, one more special example of craftsmanship in the early 15th-century Europe is the astrolabe dated 1420, designed by Antonius de Pacento and made by Dominicus de Lanzano. In the 16th century, Johannes Stöffler published Elucidatio fabricae ususque astrolabii, a manual of the construction and use of the astrolabe. Four identical 16th-century astrolabes made by Georg Hartmann provide some of the earliest evidence for batch production by division of labor. Astrolabes and clocks
At first mechanical astronomical clocks were influenced by the astrolabe; in many ways they could be seen as clockwork astrolabes designed to produce a continual display of the current position of the sun, stars, and planets. For example, Richard of Wallingford's clock (c. 1330) consisted essentially of a star map rotating behind a fixed rete, similar to that of an astrolabe.Many astronomical clocks, such as the famous clock at Prague, use an astrolabe-style display, adopting a stereographic projection (see below) of the ecliptic plane.
In recent times, astrolabe watches have become a feature of haute horologie. For example, in 1985 Swiss watchmaker Dr. Ludwig Oechslin designed and built an astrolabe wristwatch in conjunction with Ulysse Nardin. Dutch watchmaker Christaan van der Klauuw also manufactures astrolabe watches today.
Computer-generated planispheric astrolabe
An astrolabe consists of a disk, called the mater (mother), which is deep enough to hold one or more flat plates called tympans, or climates. A tympan is made for a specific latitude and is engraved with a stereographic projection of circles denoting azimuth and altitude and representing the portion of the celestial sphere above the local horizon. The rim of the mater is typically graduated into hours of time, degrees of arc, or both. Above the mater and tympan, the rete, a framework bearing a projection of the ecliptic plane and several pointers indicating the positions of the brightest stars, is free to rotate. These pointers are often just simple points, but depending on the skill of the craftsman can be very elaborate and artistic. There are examples of astrolabes with artistic pointers in the shape of balls, stars, snakes, hands, dogs' heads, and leaves, among others.Some astrolabes have a narrow rule or label which rotates over the rete, and may be marked with a scale of declinations.
The rete, representing the sky, functions as a star chart. When it is rotated, the stars and the ecliptic move over the projection of the coordinates on the tympan. One complete rotation corresponds to the passage of a day. The astrolabe is therefore a predecessor of the modern planisphere.
On the back of the mater there is often engraved a number of scales that are useful in the astrolabe's various applications; these vary from designer to designer, but might include curves for time conversions, a calendar for converting the day of the month to the sun's position on the ecliptic, trigonometric scales, and a graduation of 360 degrees around the back edge. The alidade is attached to the back face. An alidade can be seen in the lower right illustration of the Persian astrolabe above. When the astrolabe is held vertically, the alidade can be rotated and the sun or a star sighted along its length, so that its altitude in degrees can be read ("taken") from the graduated edge of the astrolabe; hence the word's Greek roots: "astron" (ἄστρον) = star + "lab-" (λαβ-) = to take.
Sunset over the Kangchendzonga Range Sikkim. During the Yuksom Dzongrila Goecha La trek over the Singilila Ridge.
Kangchenjunga (also called Kangchenjunga, Kangchen Dzö-nga, Kachendzonga, or Kangchanfanga) is the third highest mountain in the world
Kanchenjunga is translated along the lines of "Five Treasures of the Snow" as it contains five peaks over 8,000 metres. Up until 1852, Kangchenjunga was believed to be the highest mountain in the world. Calculations made from the British 1849 Great Trigonometric Survey made Mount Everest the highest mountain on Earth (as measured from sea level) and relegating Kangchenjunga to third highest.
Climbing History: 1st attempt & 1st ascent
1899: British climber and explorer Douglas Freshfield and famous Italian photographer Vittorio Sella are the first to circumnavigate the mountain. Illegally traveling through Eastern Nepal, they are the first mountaineers to view the great Western Face of Kangchenjunga.
* 1905 First Attempt
Alistair Crowley(soon to be infamous British Occultist) sets up a camp at the head of the Yalung Glacier in Nepal. He establishes a high camp at 21,325 feet (6500 meters) when disaster strikes. A party of porters and climbers, including climbers Alexis Pache and Dr Jacot-Guillarmod, insist on descending in the afternoon to Camp 7 at 20,500 feet (6250 meters).
The inadequately supplied porters - reportedly climbing barefooted! - repeatedly slip on the icy slopes, and eventually on a traverse a fall triggers an avalanche. The sad result is that Pache and three porters are killed. Hearing their shouts, Crowley reportedly refuses to descend and help, remaining in his tent drinking tea. He is quoted in a newspaper as saying he was "not over-anxious in the circumstances...to render help. A mountain accident of this sort is one of the things for which I have no sympathy whatever".
In his book The Confessions of Alister Crowley he devoted 3 Chapters to his version of the expedition.
Photograph of Crowley on his horse on way to Kangchenjunga
Crowley's Mountaineering Career from Strange and Dangerous Dreams By Geoff Powter
* 1955 First ascent on May 25.
Kangchenjunga was first climbed on May 25May 25 1955 by George Band (the youngest member of the 1953 Everest Expedition) and the legendary Joe Brown . The team was lead by Charles Evans (who was also the deputy leader of the successful 1953 Everest Expedition). This was also the first expedition financed by the Mount Everest Committee The British expedition honored the beliefs of the Sikkimese who believe the summit sacred, by stopping a few feet short of the actual summit. Most successful summit parties since then have followed this tradition.
* 1978 A Polish team makes the first successful ascent of the south summit (Kangchenjunga II).
See Kangchenjunga History for a more detailed account.
Editorial for FOCUS Magazine. February 2020
Here is the full interview that took place with Jimmy47 Dukes
Due to the length of this interview only extracts could be used in the FOCUS Magazine. So for those who would like to read the full story . . . here it is
Jimmy's story
Interview with Blues Rock Entertainer Jimmy49 Dukes
By Chant Lyric 2nd February 2020 for FOCUS MAGAZINE
I thought I was prepared as any journalist or interviewer could be, prior to an interview with Jimmy. I had no previous knowledge of Jimmy other than a good friend recommending him and giving me a link to his music.
www.reverbnation.com/JimmyRayTodd
From the moment I heard the first flicker of his guitar, then his voice I knew this man was in a calibre of performers that is not often experienced in Second Life. My body reacted, goose bump moments listening to Jimmy for the first time, then song after song I experienced that goose bump moment, tears rolled down my face at times and pure bliss listening to him sing! His songs moved me deeply. His voice resonated throughout my being. I felt so totally out of my own comfort zone to be interviewing a man who is clearly a world class performer and could easily hold his own as one of the best Blues, Blues Rock performers on the world stage.
I have always been a fan of Joe Bonamassa, and to Jimmy, Joe is the epitome!
Well Mr Jimmy Dukes I can honestly say you are an equal to Joe, if not better (with all due respect to Joe).
Just prior to Teleporting Jimmy I had listened to a song he revamped called ‘Song for my Son’ – Jimmy went on to tell me the original song was by Marc Broussard. Listening to Jimmy singing this song to his son, one could not help but feel such intense emotion and love and pain resonate from his heart. He was singing from a place that only a person who has endured hardship and heartache could ever possibly sing from. I was an emotional wreck when Jimmy arrived after listening to that song.
When he arrived my comment was, your song to your son, do you realize this is not just for your own son? This song would resonate to every son (and their mother's) who has ever known what it is like to live without their Dad.
My heart ached for my own son who has few of his own memories of his beloved Dad.
That is the gift of Music and talent such as Jimmy, the ability to touch a person at a soul level – such an amazing gift to humanity.
Wanting to be ever so professional – coughs – I was actually an emotional wreck when Jimmy arrived, all because of his song to his son. So much for my well-prepared welcoming to Jimmy and questions. There was a deeper part of me that knew there was something very special about this man, not just his gift as a musician to the world, there was far more than meets the eye with Jimmy49 Dukes.
At a deeper level I actually knew before the interview started that this was no ordinary man or ordinary singer – this man had a story, of course we all have a story in life, but some stories stand apart from others, there was a past, a kaleidoscope of experiences this man had lived. Life had not been particularly kind to Jimmy.
I was actually in the presence of a truly talented musician whose music has the ability to move people’s emotions with the strum of a guitar string – and that was before he even opened his mouth to sing. There was something sacred taking place in this man’s presence – a recognition of a truly gifted soul who has had endured more than most in a lifetime. But despite this, here was this man putting himself out there and being so honest and raw in his emotion.
He spoke from the heart and he spoke with unashamed truth – the good, the bad, the ugly, but underneath the stories was a very respectful, kind and gentle soul that was ever present – just a man who had not had the opportunities in life that so many of us have been afforded in life, and been stripped of opportunities based upon past actions as a very young man.
There was so much Jimmy had to share about his journey that my typing could not keep up with his story. So, for the purpose of this interview it is not your usual. Chant asks: . . . Jimmy Responds. . .
Instead I ended up recorded Jimmy and now humbly pray that I can truly give justice to this man’s story. I will for the sake of easy reading place some of the questions asked and Jimmy’s response.
Jimmy just opened up like a book, his stories flowed non-stop - an interesting open book I must say, a book that I wanted to keep reading as there was so much more to discover!
Chant: Can we start off by asking you to share with our readers a little about yourself Jimmy?
Jimmy Responded:
“I originally found SL years ago and it was by accident and happened to be on my birthday, I can’t even remember how long ago it was now. I had been working 2 jobs, working nights and had a friend on Paltalk suggested I come into Second Life. My friend took me to a music venue that was owned by Blud Cavecub Milk. Blud helped me with the stream and stuff needed to do a screening. It happened quickly and Blud hired me on the spot, and I never stopped singing in here from that day on”
Jimmy Continues:
“In 2009 I became very sick and got pneumonia and it took a very long time to recover. My voice was never the same after pneumonia – it effected my voice range dramatically and took away a great deal of my voice range. It used to be physically easier for me prior to having pneumonia.”
Jimmy Continues:
“I was from Virginia in the U.S. and travelled to Canada and spent some time touring around with my band over there at the time, whilst working in mainstream. Before I left Canada in 2014, I was signed to a small independent label.
After some months of touring around Ottawa and jamming together with my band Jim Ray Todd Band. I had entered a radio competition posted by Radio Station Shay 106
Ottawa Rock Out with Randy Bachman
“This was a huge big deal this competition and I won”
Chant: Did you enter as a solo performer or with your band?
Jimmy:
“I entered as a solo performer, and I won a Les Paul Guitar and part of the prize was to join Randy Bachman on stage. This was the opportunity of a life- time to be chosen to be on stage performing in front of thousands of people. I was ready”. This was the break that every blues, rock musician dreams about, at the Ottawa Big Blues Fest.
Chant can you imagine? an audience of 65,000 people plus, this was to be an opportunity of a lifetime and I was going to rip off strings from my guitar, I was ready to shut down roads and give it my all at the Ottowa Blues Fest”
Ottawa at a big Blues Fest. ottawabluesfest.ca/
(Bachman was inducted into the Musicians Hall of Fame and Museum in 2016)
Jimmy Continues:
“30 days to the day before that big day when I was to perform on stage with Randy Bachman at Ottawa Blues Fest, the County of Canada deported me, that was back in 2015. It was devastating to me and not a damn thing I could do, I was forced to leave Canada and return home to Virginia.”
Chant: Why on earth were you deported from Canada back to the U.S.?
Jimmy:
“Well this may come as a shock to a lot of readers, I don’t hide the fact - it is what it is. In the year 2000 I was released from a penitentiary in the State of Virginia. I had done 17 years of my life inside prior to that. For possession of a sawn-off shot gun of all things. An illegal sawn-off shot gun and that is what I was imprisoned for. I was charged with what was an indictable offence for low level crime. I was 18 years of age. So Canadian authorities considered my past crime was a felony and Canada deemed me inadmissible and I was deported home.
It felt like it was all about money as they were on about “how much money” I had been making whilst touring around Ottawa. The stupid part about it, I never made a dollar touring around Ottawa and all the of the gigs we did were benefit concerts. I was still making an income to support myself from my mainstream job, my job I can do from anywhere in the world, so I was still employed in the US and that was what allowed me to tour around Ottawa in the music scene when not working.
Chant: 17 years for being in possession of sawn-off shot gun, are you serious? Why such a long sentence?
Jimmy:
“Yup, of all things, a sawn-off shot gun, well, it is a long story, but basically it was someone wanting to make their Political position, my case and the case of a few other people within the system were taken by this person as a pretext to his own agenda for his own political advancement. So myself, and a few others, became the target of a political position by an individual, we were dealt with by the full force of the law for possession of a sawn off shot gun”
Chant: Did your music begin in prison or as a child?
Jimmy:
“No, I spent my time in earlier years with art, drawing, painting, tattoo’s, then toward the later part of my time there learning and studying in prison, someone inside had a scientific calculator and that fascinated me, I became interested in technology, mathematics. In the penitentiary library I was able to access a book on calculus and trigonometry. It had all the answers in the back of the book so basically, I reversed engineered and worked from the back to the front of the book. When I came out, I came out with a Sheet Metal Mechanics Certification and I took off from there. I started with sheet metal, got into lasers, then fabrication and engineering and now all the skills I ever learned are being used on a daily basis, and I absolutely love it.
Chant: It sounds like your time in prison was spent so constructively, educating yourself with skills that would support you when you returned to the outside world?
Jimmy:
“No, it wasn’t by chance though, there was a gentleman in there who is a dear friend of mine who I still visit to this day and always will. He was the instructor of heaven, hell, angels and demons – but he was definitely an Angel. He very poignantly pointed out to me I was not a dumb criminal that I had a mind that was capable of doing a lot more than what I had done with it up until that point of time in my life. Because I respected him, I respected his opinion. Initially, on getting out that was my driving force – to prove him right. Oh, Jacky Price, he looks like Santa clause, he is kind of a short set heavy guy, big long white beard. Just the most awesome guy – I call him family he is my brother to the core.
“So I am out of prison, I get a phone call from the Warden of the penitentiary inviting me back, I walk in the front gate now (no handcuffs) and go talk to morning and afternoon class, my reputation still proceeds me in there,
“heard about you, your Jimmy, we know all about you etc”
I talk to these guys morning session and afternoon session and I say to them,
If I can get where I am today with my reputation what makes you think you can’t –
Chant: So, you now are the Mentor to so many young men in the penitentiary?
Jimmy: (in a humbling tone of gratitude)
“this is how I can give back to Jacky that way”
Chant: At what age did you first start singing and playing guitar?
Jimmy:
“I was about 35 years of age and I learnt to play 10 chords on my guitar in my first year (he laughs) so my music composing was worked around those first 10 chords. It was just me and my guitar, no backing tracks in those days. It just progressed from there and moved forward”
Chant: You were 35 years of age before you sang or played an instrument, are you for real?
Jimmy:
“Yes maa’m, yes Maa’m, yes that’s right, my passion growing up was with wood, and I will always remember my grandfather and I got hold of a wood mantle off a fire place an old one, very ornate, and to this day I can still remember the feeling of the wood, sanding the carving of the wood and shaping it into a work of art. That really is my first love in life. I was always interested in anything artistic, drawing, painting, tattoo’s but working with wood is something I love to do.
It was not until I was released from prison that a buddy gave me an old guitar and bits and pieces, he had laying around his living room.
I wanted a new start in life, and I found the guitar interesting it was a focus for me. I wanted to stay out of trouble and out of the public I just didn’t want to be in any situation that might get me into trouble, so I remained at home.
That was when I started in the open mic and Paltalk rooms, it is where it all began for me in my music world. I found this was a way for me to reach out to people with my music when I didn’t want to be around people in the physical world.
I was fearful of messing up and I didn’t want to mess up again, so I didn’t want to go out. It was safer for me to stay at home. It was from here my buddy from Paltalk introduced me to Second Life.
Chant: So how did your real-life career start as a singer/ musician?
Jimmy:
“well after singing in Second Life I thought to myself – I am singing live in SL, I am doing my own backing tracks, well if I can do this in here, why can’t, I take this into the real world.
So that is what I did, I made some business cards, flyers, took an album and dropped them off to small venues.
That went really well for me, I started to get bookings, but then my work started to pick up, and life became so busy, I had little energy left after my main job to be lugging equipment from one gig to another around the countryside.
So, I took a step back in real life and decided to come back and visit my friends in SL – it took less energy than having to go out in Real life.
I was greeted so warmly by everyone in SL and it felt like I had come home again – they felt like family to me”
(When Jimmy speaks of his friends and family in Second Life, you hear this genuine respect and love and a deep connection he shares with many in here. In fact he said that after the birth of his son, with no sleep in over 26 hours when he got home from the hospital exhausted, the first people he wanted to share with about the birth of his son, was his friends and family in Second Life. That is how important the people of Second Life have become to Jimmy.)
Chant: How is it Jimmy with fans in both worlds, let’s face it singers, musicians never seem to have a shortage of adoring women at their feet. How has that been for you?
Jimmy:
“I do get accolades and they can be different from the males, and the females, but I can honestly say I am not aware of ever really being “hit on” by women”
Chant: Well maybe you were oblivious to the fact you were being hit on? (Laughs)
Jimmy:
(Laughs) Yes well that is what my wife has always said to me! I am just not aware of it if it does happen”
Chant: how different is it to perform in SL as compared to RL?
Jimmy:
“I would say there are aspects that are more powerful than the other.
What I mean by that is, playing with a real band behind me and the dynamic of that cannot be replaced by me having backing sound behind me like I do in SL. There is no comparison.
BUT, the interaction with the crowd in SL if far more personal than it can ever be in RL.
OMG I am here in SL and performing and I am reading the screen as I perform, I read it all, the open chat”
Chant: That sounds like you are very good at multitasking having to perform and follow local chat and IM’s all at once.
Jimmy: (responds with great enthusiasm)
“Oh, I am the best multitasker, when I am performing in SL, I am playing guitar, holding a note while I am turning up a nob for this channel or that channel,
I am reading the screen and my feet are working on the pedals, it’s like flying an aeroplane sometimes! (with a laugh in his tone). My wife used to laugh at me and say omg you look like your flying a fighter jet (laughing)”.
“What’s important to me is, I keep my eyes on what’s going on in the venue, like someone might say something 3 measures into a song – if I don’t read it – I don’t know they said it – so I can’t come back to them on that if I have not seen it, so it’s important to me.
I don’t like missing anything. I like to interact, I mean they are taking time out of their lives, they are here with their avitar but they are sitting at their computer with their headphones listening to me, interacting with me – they are there because they choose to be there with me.
So, you know what? I feel like, I should show the same respect to them, for their patronage to the venue and to their support to me.
One of the things that has always bothered me, and there have been a few times when I have been guilty of doing exactly this, when I am exhausted, or just can’t bring myself to interact or talk, so its easier to just push buttons and sing and not interact. For me I hate to see anyone singing at people instead of singing to people. Don’t play at people, play to them.
This is what is so special about performing in SL, if you are up on stage in RL, the lights are on you, you are in a dark night club, you cannot see a thing out in front of you, you don’t even see the people.
There are no bubbles over people’s heads to indicate what they are saying so there is no interaction or response to how people are responding in RL, unless you hear someone scream loudly and hallow at the end of a song, but apart from that – there is no way to interact with your audience when you are on stage in RL.
That is the wonderful thing in SL as a performer, you are constantly given feedback, comments, interaction and I love this part of SL. This is one of the special things about this platform”.
Chant: Has there been a special or memorable venue or group of fans you have really loved performing to in Second Life?
Jimmy:
“My Favourite venue was Filmore hands down the most favourite venue ever played at, the visuals were a perfect representation of the Filmore East.
To go to the Filmore and play blues – you have got to throw down! Never a half step or half-hearted performance, the people there were there to hear music, that was their thing, blues, blues rock, classic rock, absolute enthusiasts – it was really appreciated by everyone. I was so close to the owner of Filmore he even had my personal cell number”
Bodo best now – Dante so nice and always fun people are so nice there.
Chant: What special or memorable events have you had in the music industry in RL apart from winning that radio competition to be on stage with Randy Bachman, that sadly never eventuated?
Jimmy:
“I had entered a contest, one of my songs “The Ballad of John Henry” on my album. I was later disqualified for the competition as I was not living in the United States at the time competition, you had to be a residing in the United States to enter, my home was the U.S. but I was living in Canada at the time. I had made the top 10 right to the end.
I got to speak to Mr Wiseman (Joe Bonamassa manager) they liked what I did for the cover, like I did for the contest.
Joe was in the room or tuned in. I heard this voice come in and said to me “ Hey Jim I only have one request,” I said “ Who am I speaking with “ and this voice says “Your speaking with Joe”, I was like OMG, Joe – ok what is the requirement – Joe said to me “ just don’t change it too much”, I said “ ok, you got my word on that“ . So, we did it, we went to the studio and did a rendition, we kept it simple, maybe a bit heavier, added my own little flavour to it.”
This is Jimmy’s rendition of The Ballad of John Henry:
www.youtube.com/watch?v=frF96Z_X6tc
Maybe I am bias, but Jimmy’s rendition of this song to me, runs rings around Joe Bonamassa version – just saying!
Jimmy continues. . .
“If I ever got on stage with Joe Bonamassa
, you could just put a fork through me right after the show – I’m done (laughs)”
Chant: Jimmy I have to ask as my all-time favourite blues singer has to be Beth Hart, have you ever met her or seen her perform live?
Jimmy:
“Beth Hart, oh hell, I am a huge fan of Beth Hart (his voice excited) - she is alien, she just sweats Soul, I mean when you see her and her hair is matted to her face,
That is just not normal human sweat – that is soul – that is oozing from her pores
She is alien, she is definitely alien that has been sent here to act like a human and sing blues.
I would probably be dumbfounded to meet Beth Hart in person, and just go excuse me Beth, can I just ask you something, I just want to touch your sweat to make sure your human, nothing sexual, (he sighs like in disbelief and wonder about Beth Hart).
I met Tab (Tab Benoit) and his base player and these cool dudes in a place in Hampton about 9 months ago, I got to talking with these guys – stupid down to earth cats – man, Tab is pretty cool, his base player is off the hook, I love his base player. I am a huge fan of Tab Benoit (says with deep conviction, with his deep rich husky voice). If you ain’t heard Tab Benoit – go check him out. This man, women just fall out for this cat. He is straight out of the swamp of New Orleans, Jerrico, there is a song he puts out called “Nice and Warm” listen to that song.
If you ain’t moved by this song, um, ah, you ain’t human – all I can say is, drink more water, something is missing in your diet, if this man’s voice just doesn’t take you and hit you in the soul, ummm, man, this man, he is the bomb”
Chant: Have you got a live band now in RL?
Jimmy:
“right now, no, I had a group here about 45 minutes away from me,
I would drive out every Sunday – unfortunately they were not as driven or as motivated as the band I had up in Canada. I rode it out for 9 months finally I decided to say, you know what, I am not feeling that you guys are really dedicated to this but after 9 months you can’t even remember the name of a song!
I was sorry but they were not committed, and I have not looked for a band since then. (about 2 years ago now).
“I am looking for a dedicated drummer and base player, in fact one of my friends in here Avant Guard Frequency a performer in here – he has indicated to me numerous times that he would love to play base with me. He is phenomenal.
Oh man, Avant Guard he did the backing track for me, Driving towards Daylight from Joe Bonamassa”
and I have to say this, with no disrespect to Bonamassa,
but the version Avant Guard did for me in my opinion is superior to what Kevin Shirly did for Bonamassa
(We somehow get back to talking about his missed opportunity back in Canada)
Jimmy:
“I was to be on stage with the lead guy to band is in front of a crowd of 65,000 plus people!
I got to step in the doorway, nice furniture, nice lamps, that was it. It is ok, it is ok”
(you can’t help but sense and feel deep sadness inside).
Chant: how did this not break you Jimmy?
Jimmy:
“Chant, the reason why it didn’t break me is because I have survived things that most people would not even begin to comprehend.
I look at it this way, who we are today is who and what we were before. We either grow or become better, than we thought we were, or we fail, or we revert, but I choose to move forward.
It’s all because of my cat (he laughs out loud with a cheeky bounce in his voice). I love all animals, but I love cats, they hold a special place in my heart, I think I like them because they are so independent, I just love cats. I have this big ball Mancoon cat who rolls over on his back and snores his head off while cuddled into me, he is the best little mate.
. . . Then in a serious tone of reflection Jimmy says
"It is what it is”
Chant: I absolutely love your mind Jimmy, “it is what it is”, I live this way every day of my life, we live in a world of suffering – disappointments – it is part of the human conditioning and our resistance to what is, is the root of suffering for us. It is only in the surrendering to what is as opposed to how we wish things could be that we can free ourselves from suffering.
Jimmy:
“You have to go through the pain of surrender to what is and its deadly, I know trust me,
there is never any going back to that place of helplessness for me, it was so bad,
I will never allow myself to go there no matter what.
Going through that pain to reach this place of surrender is the hard part. But once there, you never go back”
Chant: Jimmy, your life has been a journey that only a few brave souls could endure, your message - I cannot help but be inspired by you Jimmy. I have always believed in life that when you endure the polarities of heaven and hell on earth, (if it does not break you, although most times it does break you), when you emerge from that darkness, it makes you wiser, stronger, more compassionate. I also believe that when we have suffered dreadfully that, that pain, is never, ever, for us alone, there is always a bigger picture at play. For me the pain is not for me alone, my own journey, my own suffering is the vortex for me to be of service to humanity – to in some small way – assist others during their times of suffering. It is in our suffering that we have no option but to shed the ego, and to turn in on ourselves. It is only through this intense suffering that we can begin to fathom and understand the depths of emotions and suffering of humanity.
Have you ever considered, that your journey, your story should be told, in a book – a book that will inspire and assist others enduring suffering, to see that it is possible to get up each day and take another foot forward and that it is possible to move on and find some happiness and peace once more in your life ?
Jimmy:
Actually, (he sounds surprised) you are one of a few people that have asked me that, mmm, (takes a deep breathe), I am thinking about it, something I read recently struck a note with me, I have been considering it.
Chant: I think it’s a message from the universe for you Jimmy, the fact you have “been thinking about it” – I think you just got your validation now don’t you. (laughing)
Chant: What does the future hold for you Jimmy?
Jimmy:
“Well I kinda view it, if a movie star from Hollywood can become the President of the United States of America, perhaps an x con from Virginia can play music for people (laughing) – I just gotta believe it’s possible”
We had run out of time, Jimmy had 7 minutes to get to a live gig in SL. It was an absolute honour to meet and get to interview Jimmy – he is such a humble, down to earth man who is not afraid to say it as it is and speak his truth. I could not help but feel there was something sacred that took place during this time with Jimmy. I am not in awe of his fame as a musician, whilst I acknowledge his tremendous gift – it is the man behind the voice, his soul, his ability to open up and share so much of his life story with us – his authenticity – a beautiful gifted soul.
There is no doubt in my mind that Jimmy Ray Todd (Jimmy49 Dukes) is a very gifted and talented musician. I cannot help but believe he is destined for amazing things that are yet to unfold and I truly believe his hardship through life is what sets him apart and despite these harsh experiences in life, it has given him the ability to tap into that authentic place deep inside and sing from the absolute depths of his soul.
People like Jimmy with his gift of his voice and musical abilities has the responsibility to reach so many lives through his performances.
From what I witnessed of Jimmy today there is no doubt in my mind he is well aware he has the ability to help others through his music and to allow himself to be so vulnerable to share with the world his journey through life.
I have the greatest respect for him, from the path he has led and to the place he has landed today, strong, wise, intelligent, incredibly gifted and a truly authentic soul that shines his light and it has truly been an honour to share this story with you all about Jimmy49 Dukes.
The world is a richer place because of you Jimmy.
Namaste Jimmy!
Jimmy Ray Todd – The Sky is Crying www.reverbnation.com/JimmyRayTodd
www.youtube.com/watch?v=r7HA8cAbSHc
See this amazing mix of words from Jas from Harlow's Droppin the Stream blog - thank you Harlow and Jas nailed it about Jimmy
harlowsblog.wixsite.com/droppingthestream/post/jimmyt-duk...
Windsor (/ˈwɪnzər/) is a town and unparished area in the Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead in Berkshire, England. It is widely known as the site of Windsor Castle, one of the official residences of the British Royal Family.
The town is situated 23 miles (37 km) west of Charing Cross, London. It is immediately south of the River Thames, which forms its boundary with Eton. The village of Old Windsor, just over 2 miles (3 km) to the south, predates what is now called Windsor by around 300 years; in the past Windsor was formally referred to as New Windsor to distinguish the two.
The early history of the site is unknown, although it was almost certainly settled some years before 1070 when William the Conquerorhad a timber motte and bailey castle constructed.[2] The focus of royal interest at that time was not the castle, however, but a small riverside settlement about 3 miles (5 km) downstream, possibly established from the 7th century.
Windsor, or Windlesora as it was called in the 11th century, is first mentioned in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. The name originates from old English Windles-ore, or 'winch by the riverside'. The settlement had used an earlier name, but this is unknown. From about the 8th century, high status people started to visit the site occasionally, and possibly this included royalty. From the 11th century the site's link with king Edward the Confessor is documented, but again, information about his use of the place is scant. After the Conquest of 1066 royal use of the site increased, probably because it offered good access to woodlands and opportunities for hunting – a sport which also practised military skills. By the late 12th century, and the relocation of the royal household to an enlarged castle in 1110, the site was renamed Old Windsor.
Windsor Castle is noted in the Domesday Bookunder the entry for Clewer, the neighbouring manor to Windsor. Although this might seem strange, it occurred because plans for the castle had changed since 1070, and more land had been acquired in Clewer on which to site a castle town. This plan was not actioned until the early 12th century. By 1110, meetings of the Great Council, which had previously taken place at Windlesora, were noted as taking place at the Castle – referred to as New Windsor, probably to indicate that it was a two ward castle/borough complex, similar to other early castle designs, such as Denbigh. Henry I – according to one chronicle – had rebuilt it, and this followed the Norman kings' actions at other royal sites, such as Westminster, where larger and more magnificent accommodation was thought necessary for the new dynasty. King Henry married his second wife at Windsor Castle in 1121, after the White Ship disaster. The settlement at Old Windsor largely transferred to New Windsor during the 12th century, although substantial planning and setting out of the new town (including the parish church, marketplace, bridge, hermitage and leper hospital) did not take place until c. 1170, under Henry II, following the civil war of Stephen's reign. At about the same time, the present upper ward of the castle was rebuilt in stone. Windsor Bridge is the earliest bridge on the Thames between Staines and Reading, built at a time when bridge building was rare; it was first documented in 1191, but had probably been built, according to the Pipe rolls, in 1173. It played an important part in the national road system, linking London with Reading and Winchester, but also, by diverting traffic into the new town, it underpinned the success of its fledgling economy.
The town of New Windsor, as an ancient demesne of the Crown, was a privileged settlement from the start, apparently having the rights of a 'free borough', for which other towns had to pay substantial fees to the king. It had a merchant guild (known by the 14th century as the Fraternity or brotherhood of the Holy Trinity) from the early 13th century and, under royal patronage, was made the chief town of the county in 1277, as part of its grant of royal borough status by Edward I's charter. Somewhat unusually, this charter gave no new rights or privileges to Windsor but probably codified the rights which it had enjoyed for many years. Windsor's position as chief town of Berkshire was short-lived, however, as people found it difficult to reach. Wallingford took over this position in the early 14th century. As a self-governing town Windsor enjoyed a number of freedoms unavailable to other towns, including the right to hold its own borough court, the right of membership (or 'freedom') and some financial independence. The town accounts of the 16th century survive in part, although most of the once substantial borough archive dating back to the 12th century was destroyed, probably in the late 17th century.
The early history of the site is unknown, although it was almost certainly settled some years before 1070 when William the Conquerorhad a timber motte and bailey castle constructed.[2] The focus of royal interest at that time was not the castle, however, but a small riverside settlement about 3 miles (5 km) downstream, possibly established from the 7th century.
Windsor, or Windlesora as it was called in the 11th century, is first mentioned in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. The name originates from old English Windles-ore, or 'winch by the riverside'. The settlement had used an earlier name, but this is unknown. From about the 8th century, high status people started to visit the site occasionally, and possibly this included royalty. From the 11th century the site's link with king Edward the Confessor is documented, but again, information about his use of the place is scant. After the Conquest of 1066 royal use of the site increased, probably because it offered good access to woodlands and opportunities for hunting – a sport which also practised military skills. By the late 12th century, and the relocation of the royal household to an enlarged castle in 1110, the site was renamed Old Windsor.
Windsor Castle is noted in the Domesday Bookunder the entry for Clewer, the neighbouring manor to Windsor. Although this might seem strange, it occurred because plans for the castle had changed since 1070, and more land had been acquired in Clewer on which to site a castle town. This plan was not actioned until the early 12th century. By 1110, meetings of the Great Council, which had previously taken place at Windlesora, were noted as taking place at the Castle – referred to as New Windsor, probably to indicate that it was a two ward castle/borough complex, similar to other early castle designs, such as Denbigh. Henry I – according to one chronicle – had rebuilt it, and this followed the Norman kings' actions at other royal sites, such as Westminster, where larger and more magnificent accommodation was thought necessary for the new dynasty. King Henry married his second wife at Windsor Castle in 1121, after the White Ship disaster. The settlement at Old Windsor largely transferred to New Windsor during the 12th century, although substantial planning and setting out of the new town (including the parish church, marketplace, bridge, hermitage and leper hospital) did not take place until c. 1170, under Henry II, following the civil war of Stephen's reign. At about the same time, the present upper ward of the castle was rebuilt in stone. Windsor Bridge is the earliest bridge on the Thames between Staines and Reading, built at a time when bridge building was rare; it was first documented in 1191, but had probably been built, according to the Pipe rolls, in 1173. It played an important part in the national road system, linking London with Reading and Winchester, but also, by diverting traffic into the new town, it underpinned the success of its fledgling economy.
The town of New Windsor, as an ancient demesne of the Crown, was a privileged settlement from the start, apparently having the rights of a 'free borough', for which other towns had to pay substantial fees to the king. It had a merchant guild (known by the 14th century as the Fraternity or brotherhood of the Holy Trinity) from the early 13th century and, under royal patronage, was made the chief town of the county in 1277, as part of its grant of royal borough status by Edward I's charter. Somewhat unusually, this charter gave no new rights or privileges to Windsor but probably codified the rights which it had enjoyed for many years. Windsor's position as chief town of Berkshire was short-lived, however, as people found it difficult to reach. Wallingford took over this position in the early 14th century. As a self-governing town Windsor enjoyed a number of freedoms unavailable to other towns, including the right to hold its own borough court, the right of membership (or 'freedom') and some financial independence. The town accounts of the 16th century survive in part, although most of the once substantial borough archive dating back to the 12th century was destroyed, probably in the late 17th century.
The Last Supper by Franz de Cleyn in the West Gallery of Windsor parish church of St John The Baptist.[3]
New Windsor was a nationally significant town in the Middle Ages, certainly one of the fifty wealthiest towns in the country by 1332. Its prosperity came from its close association with the royal household. The repeated investment in the castle brought London merchants (goldsmiths, vintners, spicers and mercers) to the town in the late 13th century and provided much employment for townsmen. The development of the castle under Edward III, between 1350–68, was the largest secular building project in England of the Middle Ages, and many Windsor people worked on this project, again bringing great wealth to the town. Although the Black Death in 1348 had reduced some towns' populations by up to 50%, in Windsor the building projects of Edward III brought money to the town, and possibly its population doubled: this was a 'boom' time for the local economy. People came to the town from every part of the country, and from continental Europe. The poet Geoffrey Chaucerheld the honorific post of 'Clerk of the Works' at Windsor Castle in 1391.
The development of the castle continued in the late 15th century with the rebuilding of St George's Chapel. With this Windsor became a major pilgrimage destination, particularly for Londoners. Pilgrims came to touch the royal shrine of the murdered Henry VI, the fragment of the True Cross and other important relics. Visits to the chapel were probably combined with a visit to the important nearby Marian shrine and college at Eton, founded by Henry VI in 1440, and dedicated to the Assumption; which is now better known as Eton College. Pilgrims came with substantial sums to spend. From perhaps two or three named inns in the late 15th century, some 30 can be identified a century later. The town again grew in wealth. For London pilgrims, Windsor was probably – but briefly – of greater importance than Canterbury and the shrine of the City's patron Saint Thomas Becket. With the closures of the Reformation, however, Windsor's pilgrim traffic died out. Henry VIII was buried in St George's Chapel in 1547, next to Jane Seymour, the mother of his only legitimate son, Edward (Edward VI). Henry, the founder of the Church of England, may have wanted to benefit from the stream of Catholic pilgrims coming to the town. His will gives that impression.
The town began to stagnate about ten years after the Reformation. The castle was considered old-fashioned and shrines to the dead were thought to be superstitious. The early modern period formed a stark contrast to the medieval history of the town. Most accounts of Windsor in the 16th and 17th centuries talk of its poverty, badly made streets and poor housing. Shakespeare's play The Merry Wives of Windsor is set in Windsor and contains many references to parts of the town and the surrounding countryside. Shakespeare must have walked the town's streets, near the castle and river, much as people still do. The play may have been written in the Garter Inn, opposite the Castle, but this was destroyed by fire in the late 17th century. The long-standing – and famous – courtesan of king Charles II, Nell Gwyn, was given a house on St Albans Street: Burford House (now part of the Royal Mews). Her residence in this house, as far as it is possible to tell, was brief. Only one of her letters addressed from Burford House survives: it was probably intended as a legacy for her illegitimate son, the Earl of Burford, later the Duke of St Albans.
Windsor was garrisoned by Colonel Venn during the English Civil War. Later it became the home of the New Model Army when Venn had left the castle in 1645. Despite its royal dependence, like many commercial centres, Windsor was a Parliamentarian town. Charles Iwas buried without ceremony in St George's Chapel after his execution at Whitehall in 1649. The present Guildhall, built in 1680–91, replaced an earlier market house that had been built on the same site around 1580, as well as the old guildhall, which faced the castle and had been built around 1350. The contraction in the number of old public buildings speaks of a town 'clearing the decks', ready for a renewed period of prosperity with Charles II's return to the Castle. But his successors did not use the place, and as the town was short of money, the planned new civic buildings did not appear. The town continued in poverty until the mid 19th century.
In 1652 the largest house in Windsor Great Park was built on land which Oliver Cromwell had appropriated from the Crown. Now known as Cumberland Lodge after the Duke of Cumberland's residence there in the mid 18th century, the house was variously known as Byfield House, New Lodge, Ranger's Lodge, Windsor Lodge and Great Lodge.
In 1778, there was a resumption of the royal presence, with George III at the Queen's Lodge and, from 1804, at the castle. This started a period of new development in Windsor, with the building of two army barracks. However the associated large numbers of soldiers led to a major prostitution problem by 1830, in a town where the number of streets had little changed since 1530. In the 18th c. the town traded with London selling the Windsor Chair which was actually made in Buckinghamshire.
A number of fine houses were built in this period, including Hadleigh House on Sheet Street, which was built in 1793 by the then Mayor of Windsor, William Thomas. In 1811 it was the home of John O'Reilly, the apothecary-surgeon to George III.
Windsor Castle was the westernmost sighting-point for the Anglo-French Survey (1784–1790), which measured the precise distance between the Royal Greenwich Observatory and the Paris Observatory by trigonometry. Windsor was used because of its relative proximity to the base-line of the survey at Hounslow Heath.
The substantial redevelopment of the castle in the subsequent decade and Queen Victoria's residence from 1840, as well as the coming of two railways in 1849, signalled the most dramatic changes in the town's history. These events catapulted the town from a sleepy medieval has-been to the centre of empire – many European crowned heads of state came to Windsor to visit the Queen throughout the rest of the 19th century. Unfortunately, excessive redevelopment and 'refurbishment' of Windsor's medieval fabric at this time resulted in widespread destruction of the old town, including the demolition of the old parish church of St John the Baptist in 1820. The original had been built around 1135.
Most of the current town's streets date from the mid to late 19th century.[5] However the main street, Peascod Street (pronunciation: /ˈpɛskɒd/) is very ancient, predating the castle by many years, and probably of Saxon origin. It formed part of the 10th-century parish structure in east Berkshire[citation needed] and is first referred to as Peascroftstret in c. 1170. The 1000-year-old royal Castle, although the largest and longest-occupied in Europe, is a recent development in comparison. "New Windsor" was officially renamed "Windsor" in 1974.
is accessible from Junction 6 of the M4 and from Slough via a 3 mile long dual carriageway. Bus services in the town are mostly provided by First Berkshire & The Thames Valley, although a park-and-rideservice and one local route are operated by Courtney Coaches.
Windsor has two railway stations. Windsor & Eton Central railway station has a shuttle service to Slough. Windsor & Eton Riverside station provides a service to London Waterloo. Both stations were time in the 19th century, as the two train companies which owned the lines both wanted to carry Queen Victoria to Windsor, with the first line opened gaining the privilege.[8] From 1883 to 1885, the London Underground's District line's westbound service ran as far as Windsor.
Windsor has frequent bus services to/from London Heathrow Airport, Victoria Coach Station in central London and Legoland Windsor Resort.
Close to home.
A triangulation station, also known as a trigonometrical point, and sometimes informally as a trig, is a fixed surveying station, used in geodetic surveying and other surveying projects in its vicinity. Thanks Wikipedia, I needed to know.
This one has the advantage of being perched on an Iron Age Hill Fort with a lone tree nearby. The hill fort and historic interest is one of many factors that prevented a housing development on this site a few years ago. Just hope it stays that way as this is the view immediately behind my house.
One for a 'new' project that I have been running for a little while now - the OS Trigonometry Monuments that were used to map the world when angular measurement was the most accurate.
This monument is atop Chanctonbury Hill in West Sussex, adjacent to Chanctonbury Ring at ///major.unsightly.riots with 360 degree views from nearby atop the tumulus at ///wove.exploring.friend. From the tumulus you can see from Chichester to Chailey and Leith Hill - potentially one of the best view points in the South of England.
Last one for today. I promise.
I had my math exam today. I kind of hated it. There was no trigonometry, which is what I'm best at. It was full of unfamiliar problems and things like that. So yeah, not so sure I did well on it.
But I got 9 on my english short story! :D
Anyway, I'm super tired. I'm going to take a shower and watch a movie tonight, or read something. I need rest.
or Finding Our Way.
Canon SX10is
f8; 1/60; ISO 80.
Some mucking around in photoshop involved...
Oh and I've included a colour copy in the comments below:
Wilpena Pound.
For this northern latitude Wilpena Pound has good rainfall and a microclimate because of the surrounding hills. It was always a special place for Aboriginal people and a prized location for sheep pastoralists. At Cradock they average 250 mms annually, Hawker rises to 300 mm and Wilpena has 390 mms (15 inches in the old rainfall). Further north at Marree the average is just 136 mm a year. Wilpena Creek flows out of the Pound which covers 80 square kilometres (20,000 acres). It is 6 kms wide and 16 kms long and its highest surrounding peak is Mt Mary at 1,171 m or 3,842 feet. In 1840 Edward John Eyre and others explored parts of the Flinders Ranges but they did not discover Wilpena Pound. That was achieved by C Bagot in 1851. Bagot said in the press that there was only one ingress or egress to flat land with a permanent running creek suitable for depasturing 500 cattle. This plain was surrounded by steep rocky walls up to 1,000 feet high. The government responded by immediately sending Mr Burr of the Survey Office to the Pound for a trigonometrical survey in June 1851. Bagot gave it its Aboriginal name. The furthest north leasehold run in 1851 was at Kanyaka between Quorn and Hawker. The Wilpena run was also taken out in 1851 and originally covered 850 square miles but that was soon reduced into other leaseholds. Drs William and John Browne took over the Wilpena leasehold and by 1853 the pine slab homestead was built (demolished 1931) and shearing sheds and workers cottages soon followed. George Marchant got a 14 year lease of 85 square miles on 1 January 1855. In 1857 he employed a manager Charles Powell, whose father had planted the first mulberry tree at Kingscote in 1836, and he stayed at Wilpena station until 1882 but with various owners. By 1860 Dr William Browne held Wilpena run and he sold off the Arkaba section in 1863 before the big drought. By 1861 Henry Strong Price owned the leasehold which he tried to sell but could find no buyer. A report on Wilpena in 1865 says it covered 154 square miles and employed 19 married men and their wives, 24 single men and 41 children making a total of 101 people. Later in the 19th century Dr William Browne owned Wilpena again and the government resumed most of it in January 1880. Tourism came to Wilpena Pound in 1920 when the Wilpena Forest Reserve was created but the run was leased to graziers until 1945. At that time the Rasheed family established the chalet and all grazing in the Pound ceased. In 1970 the adjoining Orraparinna station was purchased by the government to create Flinders Ranges National Park. Finally in 1985 the government bought the leasehold to Wilpena station to add to the park. Its name was changed from Flinders National Park to Ikara Flinders National Park in 2016 thus incorporating, an Adnyamathanha word from the traditional land occupiers, into the title. The Adnyamathanha people and their sub clans have been in the area for around 15,000 years.
The Pound is a natural amphitheatre with Rawnsley Bluff at the southern end (he was the surveyor of runs in the 1850s). The Pound has a fascinating geomorphological structure. The landscape here was deeply folded with synclines and anticlines. Synclines are downward folds of earth layers with a trough at the bottom i.e. Wilpena Pound. Anticlines are the peaks of the layers but in the Flinders Ranges the anticlines have been eroded away over vast geological eras leaving rugged edges above the synclines or troughs. The trough of Wilpena Pound has a layer of quartzite, then other layers beneath that. The end of the anticline from the western side of the Pound is the Elder Range. The true shape of the formation reveals itself from the air.
The last rays of the sun fall along the limestone hills towards the triangulation pillar atop High Wheeldon.
The pillar also serves as a memorial as the hill was donated to the National Trust in 1946 "in honoured memory of the men of Derbyshire and Staffordshire who fell in the Second World War."
Wilpena Pound.
For this northern latitude Wilpena Pound has good rainfall and a microclimate because of the surrounding hills. It was always a special place for Aboriginal people and a prized location for sheep pastoralists. At Cradock they average 250 mms annually, Hawker rises to 300 mm and Wilpena has 390 mms (15 inches in the old rainfall). Further north at Marree the average is just 136 mm a year. Wilpena Creek flows out of the Pound which covers 80 square kilometres (20,000 acres). It is 6 kms wide and 16 kms long and its highest surrounding peak is Mt Mary at 1,171 m or 3,842 feet. In 1840 Edward John Eyre and others explored parts of the Flinders Ranges but they did not discover Wilpena Pound. That was achieved by C Bagot in 1851. Bagot said in the press that there was only one ingress or egress to flat land with a permanent running creek suitable for depasturing 500 cattle. This plain was surrounded by steep rocky walls up to 1,000 feet high. The government responded by immediately sending Mr Burr of the Survey Office to the Pound for a trigonometrical survey in June 1851. Bagot gave it its Aboriginal name. The furthest north leasehold run in 1851 was at Kanyaka between Quorn and Hawker. The Wilpena run was also taken out in 1851 and originally covered 850 square miles but that was soon reduced into other leaseholds. Drs William and John Browne took over the Wilpena leasehold and by 1853 the pine slab homestead was built (demolished 1931) and shearing sheds and workers cottages soon followed. George Marchant got a 14 year lease of 85 square miles on 1 January 1855. In 1857 he employed a manager Charles Powell, whose father had planted the first mulberry tree at Kingscote in 1836, and he stayed at Wilpena station until 1882 but with various owners. By 1860 Dr William Browne held Wilpena run and he sold off the Arkaba section in 1863 before the big drought. By 1861 Henry Strong Price owned the leasehold which he tried to sell but could find no buyer. A report on Wilpena in 1865 says it covered 154 square miles and employed 19 married men and their wives, 24 single men and 41 children making a total of 101 people. Later in the 19th century Dr William Browne owned Wilpena again and the government resumed most of it in January 1880. Tourism came to Wilpena Pound in 1920 when the Wilpena Forest Reserve was created but the run was leased to graziers until 1945. At that time the Rasheed family established the chalet and all grazing in the Pound ceased. In 1970 the adjoining Orraparinna station was purchased by the government to create Flinders Ranges National Park. Finally in 1985 the government bought the leasehold to Wilpena station to add to the park. Its name was changed from Flinders National Park to Ikara Flinders National Park in 2016 thus incorporating, an Adnyamathanha word from the traditional land occupiers, into the title. The Adnyamathanha people and their sub clans have been in the area for around 15,000 years.
The Pound is a natural amphitheatre with Rawnsley Bluff at the southern end (he was the surveyor of runs in the 1850s). The Pound has a fascinating geomorphological structure. The landscape here was deeply folded with synclines and anticlines. Synclines are downward folds of earth layers with a trough at the bottom i.e. Wilpena Pound. Anticlines are the peaks of the layers but in the Flinders Ranges the anticlines have been eroded away over vast geological eras leaving rugged edges above the synclines or troughs. The trough of Wilpena Pound has a layer of quartzite, then other layers beneath that. The end of the anticline from the western side of the Pound is the Elder Range. The true shape of the formation reveals itself from the air.
#1. 53 more days... i think.
#2. trigonometry can take a hike.
#3. i've finally decided what i want to be when i grow up.
#4. i can't stand you.
#5. but i can't get enough of you.
i've been trying to work on a video diary, but iMovie just won't cooperate.
i will emerge victorious!
#171: in this picture, amanda was taking a picture of me taking a picture of her.
A triangulation station,
also known as a triangulation pillar, trigonometrical station, trigonometrical point, trig station, trig beacon or trig point, and sometimes informally as a trig, is a fixed surveying station, used in geodetic surveying and other surveying projects in its vicinity.
The station is usually set up by a government with known coordinate and elevation published. Many stations are located on hilltops for the purposes of visibility. A graven metal plate on the top of a pillar may provide a mounting point for a theodolite or reflector.
Trigonometrical stations are grouped together to form a network of triangulation. Positions of all land boundaries, roads, railways, bridges and other infrastructure can be accurately located by the network, a task that is essential to the construction of modern infrastructure. Apart from the known stations set up by government, some temporary trigonometrical stations are set up near construction sites for monitoring the precision and progress of construction.
Some trigonometrical stations use the Global Positioning System for greatly improved accuracy.
Although many stations are no longer required for surveying purposes, they remain useful to hikers as navigational aids when hill-walking.
FOR MORE INFORMATIONS, PLEASE, FOLLOW THIS LINK:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangulation_station
FOR THE PLACE, PLEASE, FOLLOW THIS LINK:
wikimapia.org/#lat=41.245369&lon=9.3933534&z=12&a...
NO PHOTOSHOP, NO DIGITAL PROCESSING,
THE LIGHTS AND COLORS ARE REAL, THEAY ARE FORM SARDINIA!!!!
"Give every day
the chance to become
the most beutiful day
in your life"
[Mark Twain]
********************************************************************************
“It is an illusion that photos are made with the camera…
they are made with the eye, heart and head.”
[Henry Cartier Bresson]
********************************************************************************
Please don't use any of my images on websites, blogs or other media without my explicit written permission.
© All rights reserved
Kapstadt und Tafelberg
seen from Signal Hill
gesehen vom Signal Hill
Signal Hill/Lula Lula Mountain (Afrikaans: Seinheuwel), or Lion's Rump, is a landmark flat-topped hill located in Cape Town, next to Lion's Head and Table Mountain.
The hill was also known as "The Lula Lula Flank", a term now obsolete. Together with Lion's Head, Signal Hill/Lula Lula Mountain looks like a lion sphinx.
Signal flags were used to communicate weather warnings as well as anchoring instructions to visiting ships in order to ensure that they prepared adequately for stormy weather while in the bay. Similarly, ships could use flags to signal for assistance if, for example, an anchor line parted during a storm.
It is known for the Noon Gun that is operated there by the South African Navy and South African Astronomical Observatory. In 1836, a time ball was set up at the Cape Town observatory, however it was not visible to ships in the harbour, so a second time ball was erected on Signal Hill in order to relay the precise moment of 1pm Cape Mean Time. In this way ships in the bay were able to check their marine chronometers. The daily practice of dropping of the ball continued until 1934, when it was made redundant by radio signals.
The guns on Signal Hill were used to notify the public when a ship was in trouble and there was a possibility of casualties on the coast near Cape Town. Three guns would be fired from Chavonnes Battery, followed by a single gun in answer from Imhoff Battery.
There is a road to the summit and that vantage point provides views over the Cape Town city centre and Atlantic Seaboard and surroundings, including at dawn or sunset. Along Signal Hill Road is the Appleton Scout Campsite operated by Scouts South Africa.
There are several tombs, or kramats, on the hill for Muslim missionaries and religious leaders. The most conspicuous one, a white square building with a green dome, is for the sheikh Mohamed Hassen Ghaibie (Shah al-Qadri), a follower of Sheikh Yusuf. Other tombs consist of raised rectangles, decorated with satin. They are still visited by some local Muslim people.
There is a parking lot on top of the signal Hill. There are simple things to eat and mats provided for watching the sunset.
Signal Hill is one of the only places in the world where critically endangered Peninsula Shale Renosterveld vegetation can be found.[citation needed] Peninsula Shale Renosterveld used to be the dominant ecosystem of the Cape Town City Bowl, but was completely endemic, occurring nowhere else in the world.
Urban growth has now covered most of this ecosystem and — along with a tiny patch on Devil's Peak — Signal Hill has the only surviving sample of this vegetation in the world.
(Wikipedia)
Table Mountain (Khoikhoi: Hoerikwaggo, Afrikaans: Tafelberg) is a flat-topped mountain forming a prominent landmark overlooking the city of Cape Town in South Africa, and is featured in the Flag of Cape Town and other local government insignia It is a significant tourist attraction, with many visitors using the cableway or hiking to the top. The mountain forms part of the Table Mountain National Park.
The main feature of Table Mountain is the level plateau approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) from side to side, edged by impressive cliffs. The plateau, flanked by Devil's Peak to the east and by Lion's Head to the west, forms a dramatic backdrop to Cape Town. This broad sweep of mountainous heights, together with Signal Hill, forms the natural amphitheatre of the City Bowl and Table Bay harbour. The highest point on Table Mountain is towards the eastern end of the plateau and is marked by Maclear's Beacon, a stone cairn built in 1865 by Sir Thomas Maclear for trigonometrical survey. It is 1,086 metres (3,563 ft) above sea level, about 19 metres (62 ft) higher than the cable station at the western end of the plateau.
The cliffs of the main plateau are split by Platteklip Gorge ("Flat Stone Gorge"), which provides an easy and direct ascent to the summit and was the route taken by António de Saldanha on the first recorded ascent of the mountain in 1503.
The flat top of the mountain is often covered by orographic clouds, formed when a south-easterly wind is directed up the mountain's slopes into colder air, where the moisture condenses to form the so-called "table cloth" of cloud. Legend attributes this phenomenon to a smoking contest between the Devil and a local pirate called Van Hunks. When the table cloth is seen, it symbolizes the contest.
Table Mountain is at the northern end of a sandstone mountain range that forms the spine of the Cape Peninsula. To the south of the main plateau is a lower part of the range called the Back Table. On the Atlantic coast of the peninsula, the range is known as the Twelve Apostles. The range continues southwards to Cape Point.
(Wikipedia)
Signal Hill (Afrikaans: Seinheuwel), auch „Körper des Löwen“ (Lion´s Rump) genannt, ist ein markanter Berg mit flachem Gipfel neben dem Tafelberg und Lion’s Head in Kapstadt, Südafrika. Er ist 350 m hoch und bietet Aussicht auf die Waterfront und die dahinter liegende Tafelbucht.
Den Namen „Signal Hill“ verdankt der Berg einem Zeitsignal für Schiffe. Im Jahr 1836 wurde am Kapstädter Observatorium (South African Astronomical Observatory) auf einem Holzgerüst ein Zeitball installiert, nachdem man zuvor das Signal mit einem Pistolenschuß vom Dach des Gebäudes abgab. Der Zeitball war im Zuge des zunehmenden Dockausbaus im Hafen nicht für alle Schiffe sichtbar. Aus diesem Grund wurde ein zweiter Zeitball auf dem Signal Hill errichtet. Dieser gab sein Signal zur Mittagszeit (13 Uhr Kapstädter Zeit), wonach die Schiffschronometer verlässlich überprüft werden konnten. Zur besseren Sichtbarkeit des Signals errichtete man 1894 an der Victoria & Alfred Waterfront einen dritten Zeitballturm, der nun von hier das Zeitsignal an die Schiffe weitergab. Diese Praxis wurde bis 1934 beibehalten. Kanonensignale vom Signal Hill gab es in den Fällen, wenn ein Schiff vor dem Hafen in Schwierigkeiten gekommen war.
Die Briten führten Kanonen zur Signalgebung 1795 in der Kapregion ein, bekannt geworden dafür ist die Schlacht von Muizenberg. Kanonenschüsse zum Zwecke der Benachrichtigung der Einwohner Kapstadts über eintreffende Schiffe gab es in Kapstadt später. Ursprünglich waren es zwei Kanonen, die im Castle of Good Hope standen. Seit 1806 wurden hier durch die Briten mit abgefeuerten Kanonen auch Zeitsignale gegeben. Als man die Schüsse für das Stadtzentrum als zu laut empfand, wurden die Kanonensignale verlegt. Seit dem 4. August 1902 werden vom Signal Hill mit der Cape Town's Noon Gun diese Schüsse abgegeben. Noch heute werden sie zur Traditionspflege zwischen Montag und Samstag jeweils täglich um 12 Uhr abgefeuert.
(Wikipedia)
Der Tafelberg (englisch: Table Mountain) im südafrikanischen Kapstadt liegt im nördlichen Teil einer Bergkette auf der circa 52 km langen und bis zu 16 km breiten Kap-Halbinsel, an deren Südende sich das Kap der Guten Hoffnung befindet. Er prägt die Silhouette Kapstadts. Der höchste Punkt des Tafelberges ist Maclear’s Beacon (Maclears Signalfeuer) am nordöstlichen Ende des Felsplateaus mit 1087 m. Der Tafelberg umfasst eine Gesamtfläche von rund 6500 Hektar.
(Wikipedia)
Down there you can see Camps Bay.
Dort unten ist Camps Bay zu sehen.
Table Mountain (Khoikhoi: Hoerikwaggo, Afrikaans: Tafelberg) is a flat-topped mountain forming a prominent landmark overlooking the city of Cape Town in South Africa, and is featured in the Flag of Cape Town and other local government insignia It is a significant tourist attraction, with many visitors using the cableway or hiking to the top. The mountain forms part of the Table Mountain National Park.
The main feature of Table Mountain is the level plateau approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) from side to side, edged by impressive cliffs. The plateau, flanked by Devil's Peak to the east and by Lion's Head to the west, forms a dramatic backdrop to Cape Town. This broad sweep of mountainous heights, together with Signal Hill, forms the natural amphitheatre of the City Bowl and Table Bay harbour. The highest point on Table Mountain is towards the eastern end of the plateau and is marked by Maclear's Beacon, a stone cairn built in 1865 by Sir Thomas Maclear for trigonometrical survey. It is 1,086 metres (3,563 ft) above sea level, about 19 metres (62 ft) higher than the cable station at the western end of the plateau.
The cliffs of the main plateau are split by Platteklip Gorge ("Flat Stone Gorge"), which provides an easy and direct ascent to the summit and was the route taken by António de Saldanha on the first recorded ascent of the mountain in 1503.
The flat top of the mountain is often covered by orographic clouds, formed when a south-easterly wind is directed up the mountain's slopes into colder air, where the moisture condenses to form the so-called "table cloth" of cloud. Legend attributes this phenomenon to a smoking contest between the Devil and a local pirate called Van Hunks. When the table cloth is seen, it symbolizes the contest.
Table Mountain is at the northern end of a sandstone mountain range that forms the spine of the Cape Peninsula. To the south of the main plateau is a lower part of the range called the Back Table. On the Atlantic coast of the peninsula, the range is known as the Twelve Apostles. The range continues southwards to Cape Point.
(Wikipedia)
Der Tafelberg (englisch: Table Mountain) im südafrikanischen Kapstadt liegt im nördlichen Teil einer Bergkette auf der circa 52 km langen und bis zu 16 km breiten Kap-Halbinsel, an deren Südende sich das Kap der Guten Hoffnung befindet. Er prägt die Silhouette Kapstadts. Der höchste Punkt des Tafelberges ist Maclear’s Beacon (Maclears Signalfeuer) am nordöstlichen Ende des Felsplateaus mit 1087 m. Der Tafelberg umfasst eine Gesamtfläche von rund 6500 Hektar.
(Wikipedia)
Concluding my series of prize fighters for the Small Starfighter Building Contest, here is the one for Nannan.
Darke Peak (formerly Carappee) is a small agricultural town located in central Eyre Peninsula, South Australia. The town is the population centre for the surrounding agricultural district and has become a minor historical tourist town. It is situated on Barngarla lands. The J. C. Darke Memorial and Grave, commemorating early European explorer John Charles Darke, is located near the township and is located on the South Australian Heritage Register.
The town has a number of limited facilities, including accommodation, grocery and fuel supplies. At the 2006 census, Darke Peak had a population of 175.
The town takes its name from the explorer John Charles Darke, who was injured in a spear attack by Indigenous people while he was climbing nearby Waddikee Rock on 24 October 1844. Waddikee Rock is a sacred site of the Barngarla people. He died the next day and was buried at the foot of the Rock. Governor Grey expressed a wish that some landform in the region of the grave should be named to honour him. In 1865 surveyor Thomas Evans who was performing a trigonometrical survey of the Gawler Ranges and named the 1,564 ft (477 m) high mount, 'Darke's Peak'.
In 1909, another surveyor, W.G. Evans, reported that he had found bones in a grave and was satisfied they were the remains of Darke. Darke's grave and monument are located on the western side of the range, still standing as a memorial to the first European who explored this area. The memorial was erected by the SA Government in 1910.
The township of Darke Peak was originally proclaimed Carappee in 1914. The town was renamed in 1940 after the peak that bears John Charles Darke's name as further honour to the explorer. A school opened in the town in 1917.
Darke Peak includes Darke Range, Caralue Bluff, Carappee Hill Conservation Park and Carappee Hill in the surrounding area, with Carappee Hill known for being the highest exposed granite rock mass on Eyre Peninsula.
Mount Everest (Tibetan: ཇོ་མོ་གླང་མ, Chomolungma[4][5][6] or Qomolangma /ˈtʃoʊmoʊˌlɑːŋmə/ CHOH-moh-LAHNG-mə,[6][7] "Holy Mother"; Chinese: 珠穆朗玛峰; pinyin: Zhūmùlǎngmǎ Fēng; Nepali: सगरमाथा, Sagarmāthā[8]) is the Earth's highest mountain, with a peak at 8,848 metres (29,029 ft) above sea level. It is located in the Mahalangur section of the Himalayas. The international border between China and Nepal runs across the precise summit point.[citation needed] Its massif includes neighboring peaks Lhotse, 8,516 m (27,940 ft); Nuptse, 7,855 m (25,771 ft); and Changtse, 7,580 m (24,870 ft).
In 1856, the Great Trigonometric Survey of British India established the first published height of Everest, then known as Peak XV, at 29,002 ft (8,840 m). In 1865, Everest was given its official English name by the Royal Geographical Society upon a recommendation by Andrew Waugh, the British Surveyor General of India. Waugh named the mountain after his predecessor in the post, Sir George Everest. Although Tibetans had called Everest "Chomolungma" for centuries, Waugh was unaware of this because Nepal and Tibet were closed to foreigners.
The highest mountain on the Earth attracts many well-experienced mountaineers as well as capable climbers willing to hire professional guides. While not posing substantial technical climbing challenges on the standard route, Everest presents dangers such as altitude sickness, weather and wind.
(Wikipedia)
The Arabesque, an aspect of Islamic art usually found decorating the walls of Mosques, is an elaborate application of repeating geometric forms that often echo the forms of plants and animals; the choice of which geometric forms to use and how they are formatted are based upon the Islamic view of the world. To Muslims, these forms, taken together, constitute an infinite pattern that extends beyond the visible material world. To many in the Islamic world, they in fact symbolize the infinite and therefore, uncentralized nature of the One God's(Allah's) creation. Furthermore, the Islamic Arabesque artist conveys a definite spirituality without the iconography of Christian art.
Geometric artwork in the form of the Arabesque was not widely used in the Islamic world until the golden age of Islam came into full bloom. During this time, ancient texts were translated from their original Greek and Latin into Arabic. Like the following renaissance in Europe, Math, Science, Literature and History were infused into the Islamic world with great, and mostly positive repercussions. The works of Plato and especially of Euclid became popular among the literate. In fact, it was Euclid's geometry along with the foundations of trigonometry codified by Pythagoras that became the impetus of the art form that was to become the Arabesque. Furthermore, Plato's ideas about the existence of a separate reality that was perfect in form and function and crystalline in character also would contribute to the development of the Arabesque.
BTW: I’m christian…and that’s a message to the world that we should BELIEVE in other’s Beliefs and not just RESPECT!....learn and share not just avoid and criticize….live and let die is not a good concept!!
Untitled blue.
Hunsecker’s Mill Bridge is a central Pennsylvania landmark and holds the record for the longest span of any covered bridge in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. The wooden bridge was first built in 1848 and rebuilt in 1973 following hurricane damage. Using Stellarium and some good ole’ fashion trigonometry, the optimal time to photograph the rising full moon through the historic bridge was determined. If you look closely, you can see the familiar “V” pattern of Hyades as well as the Pleiades cluster near the top of the star field.
leemay & nicole get very bored in maths class, because our teacher ms claarraayy is too confusing , and never helps us , so we draw, lol this is mydrawing after leemay went over it and made it awesome =]
FOR THE PLACE, PLEASE, FOLLOW THIS LINKS:
wikimapia.org/#lang=it&lat=40.454164&lon=9.796286...
www.panoramio.com/photo/10876301
YOU CAN GO THERE ONLY BY FOOT: ABOUT 700 METERS OVER THE LEVEL OF THE SEA, ABOUT HALF AN HOUR BY FOOT
HERE THERE IS A TRIANGULATION STATION..
A triangulation station, also known as a triangulation pillar, trigonometrical station, trigonometrical point, trig station, trig beacon or trig point, and sometimes informally as a trig, is a fixed surveying station, used in geodetic surveying and other surveying projects in its vicinity. The names of triangulation stations vary regionally; they are generally known as trigonometrical stations in North America, trig points in the United Kingdom and New Zealand, trig stations or points in Australia, and trig beacons in South Africa; triangulation pillar is the more formal term for the concrete columns found in the UK.
FOR MORE INFORMATIONS ON TRIANGULATION POINT FOLLOW THIS LINK:
The Nanda Devi massif resplendent under the looming dark clouds on a chilly December afternoon.
Fun fact: Before the discovery of Everest and other Eight Thousanders by the Great Trigonometrical Survey of India, Nanda Devi was considered to be the tallest mountain peak on planet Earth.
The Ordnance Survey positional monument atop Blackcap in East Sussex marking a level of 206m AOD.
From here South Downs Way walkers have some of the best views over the Weald, with views stretching from Belle Toute, along Telscombe Ridge to the Rampion windfarm off Worthing and Shoreham.
Lessons in geometry and trigonometry for the people. No bottom, no top, no beginning, no end. Embarcadero Tower 1, San Francisco
Wilpena Pound.
For this northern latitude Wilpena Pound has a good rainfall and a microclimate because of the surrounding hills. It was always a special place for Aboriginal people and a prized location for sheep pastoralists. At Cradock they average 250 mms annually, Hawker rises to 300 mm and Wilpena has 390 mms (15 inches in the old rainfall). Further north at Marree the average is just 136 mm a year. Wilpena Creek flows out of the Pound which covers 80 square kilometres (20,000 acres). It is 6 kms wide and 16 kms long and its highest surrounding peak is Mt Mary at 1,171 m or 3,842 feet. Although Edward John Eyre in 1840 and others explored parts of the Flinders Ranges they did not discover Wilpena Pound. That was achieved by C Bagot in 1851. Bagot said in the press that there was only one ingress or egress to flat land with a permanent running creek suitable for depasturing 500 cattle. This plain was surrounded by steep rocky walls up to 1,000 feet high. The government responded by immediately sending Mr Burr of the Survey Office to the Pound for a trigonometrical survey in June 1851. Bagot gave it its aboriginal name. The furthest north leasehold run in 1851 was at Kanyaka between Quorn and Hawker. The Wilpena run was taken out in 1851 and originally covered 850 square miles but that was soon reduced into other leaseholds. Drs William and John Browne took the original leasehold and by 1853 the pine slab homestead was built (demolished 1931) and shearing sheds and workers cottages soon followed. George Marchant got a 14 year lease of 85 square miles on 1 January 1855. In 1857 he employed a manager Charles Powell, whose father had planted the first mulberry tree at Kingscote in 1836, and he stayed at Wilpena station until 1882 but with various owners. By 1860 Dr William J Browne held Wilpena run and he sold off the Arkaba section in 1863 before the big drought. By 1861 Henry Strong Price owned the leasehold which he tried to sell but could find no buyer. A report on Wilpena in 1865 says it covered 154 square miles and employed 19 married men and their wives, 24 single men and 41 children making a total of 101 people. Later in the 19th century Dr William J Browne owned Wilpena again and the government resumed most of it in January 1880. Tourism almost came to Wilpena Pound in 1920 when the Wilpena Forrest Reserve was created but the run was leased to graziers until 1945. At that time the Rasheed family established the chalet and all grazing in the Pound ceased. In 1970 adjoining Orraparinna station was purchased by the government to create Flinders Ranges National Park. Finally in 1985 the government bought the leasehold to Wilpena station to add to the park. Its name was changed from Flinders National Park to Ikara Flinders National Park in 2016 thus incorporating an Adnyamathanha word from the traditional land occupiers into the title. The Adnyamathanha people and their sub clans have been in the area for around 15,000 years.
The Pound is a natural amphitheatre with Rawnsley Bluff at the southern end (he was the surveyor of runs in the 1850s). The Pound has a fascinating geomorphological structure. The landscape here was deeply folded with synclines and anticlines. Synclines are downward folds of earth layers with a trough at the bottom i.e. Wilpena Pound. Anticlines are the peaks of the layers but in the Flinders Ranges the anticlines have been eroded away over vast geological eras leaving rugged edges above the synclines or troughs. The trough of Wilpena Pound has a layer of quartzite, then other layers beneath that. The end of the anticline from the western side of the Pound is the Elder Range. The true shape of the formation reveals itself from aerial photographs.
In rain and mist and snow and ice and also under fine blue skies like these, the walk around Arthur's Seat (251 metres) at Edinburgh is always marvellous. Rugged rocks, grays and reds; mosses, grasses, brooms of various kinds, gorse; clear views of the scenery below of fields and lochs or swirling, occluding mists... Good air... And always food for thought as well.
Abundant associations. These red basalt rocks of the Salisbury Crags (ca. 50 metres high) immediately brought to my mind the famous lines from T.S. Eliot's The Waste Land (1922) and The Death of Saint Narcissus (1911/1915) about coming in to the shadow of the red and grey rock. The apocalyptic of that poetry took me to the last book of the Bible, and this association to the great Scottish mathematician John Napier (1550-1617). The Apocalypse had been a favorite biblical book of his (like it was of Isaac Newton).
But more for me on this walk when asked how far it was to Duddingston's Sheep Heid Inn, was a vague recall that Napier had something to do with the 'trigonometry of navigation'. Indeed! Looking him up on my return from this most pleasant perambulation, I was put again on the right intellectual track. Napier had devised the five-part mnemonic device to solve right spherical triangles. In short: how to compute distances not of 'flat-earth' plane geometry or trigonometry but of the trigonometry of spheres, such as our Earth or the Universe.
Even in the mists, I don't think I could easily get lost here without knowledge of Napier's Rules. But how important they have been to navigators in unknown climes and skies!... those are stories that would keep us here for a long time!
Yes! a pint was had at the Inn, and a bottle of wine later in Town with the Pharmacist from V. Oh! ... and choice Skye oysters.
Lucky Brogan is the first Bratz boy to make a (physical) appearance in this series I have going! ;)
"Now that school was out, Adri was free to spend all her time doing what she did best -- reading. Only a week had passed, but Adri had already finished reading the books needed for her AP Lit. class. Today, "Bookworm" had planned on just chilling at the park with a nice cool ICEE and her laptop filled with all of her favorite fanfictions (she absolutely loved Sherlock). However, Adri never planned on any interruptions. Imagine her surprise when Stiles High's own Johnny Depp look-alike, Brogan, showed up! He had just gotten out of summer school (flunked Math Analysis/Trigonometry) and saw what he believed was a lonely Adri at the park. Funnily enough, Brogan had some common interests with Adri. Before long, the two would be spending the whole afternoon just chatting away..."
FOR THE PLACE, PLEASE, FOLLOW THIS LINKS:
wikimapia.org/#lang=it&lat=40.454164&lon=9.796286...
www.panoramio.com/photo/10876301
YOU CAN GO THERE ONLY BY FOOT: ABOUT 700 METERS OVER THE LEVEL OF THE SEA, ABOUT HALF AN HOUR BY FOOT
HERE THER IS A TRIANGULATION STATION..
A triangulation station, also known as a triangulation pillar, trigonometrical station, trigonometrical point, trig station, trig beacon or trig point, and sometimes informally as a trig, is a fixed surveying station, used in geodetic surveying and other surveying projects in its vicinity. The names of triangulation stations vary regionally; they are generally known as trigonometrical stations in North America, trig points in the United Kingdom and New Zealand, trig stations or points in Australia, and trig beacons in South Africa; triangulation pillar is the more formal term for the concrete columns found in the UK.
FOR MORE INFORMATIONS ON TRIANGULATION POINT FOLLOW THIS LINK:
This was a shot I took with my Nikon D70 back in 2006. I've been back to this location on numerous times since, but have never seen such a dramatic sky again.
.... on a roundabout!
I went in search of swings and roundabouts, so that I could get my final shot of "117 Pictures".
No swings ... but a jolly interesting roundabout!
There is a huge Bronze Age axe rising from a barrow, which is part of the public art associated with the adjacent housing development in Old Sarum. Before building work started Wessex Archaeology had excavated the site of the housing estate. One of the finds was a barrow and this provided the inspiration for the artists Angela Cockayne and Robert Fearns.
When viewed from the east as it is here, the Iron Age and Norman monuments at Old Sarum provide the backdrop. From this side you can also see on the shaft of the axe the coordinates of the roundabout. This is a reference to landscape, monument, and mapping. Near to the site an iron cannon was sunk into the ground as a survey baseline for the 18th century trigonometric survey of Britain.
(Thank you to Wessex Archaeology for the info!)
The last shot of my 117 Pictures in 2017 ... #94. Swings and Roundabouts
Sony A7R II
Minolta 100-200mm lens
Explored ... thank you!
Wilpena Pound.
For this northern latitude Wilpena Pound has good rainfall and a microclimate because of the surrounding hills. It was always a special place for Aboriginal people and a prized location for sheep pastoralists. At Cradock they average 250 mms annually, Hawker rises to 300 mm and Wilpena has 390 mms (15 inches in the old rainfall). Further north at Marree the average is just 136 mm a year. Wilpena Creek flows out of the Pound which covers 80 square kilometres (20,000 acres). It is 6 kms wide and 16 kms long and its highest surrounding peak is Mt Mary at 1,171 m or 3,842 feet. In 1840 Edward John Eyre and others explored parts of the Flinders Ranges but they did not discover Wilpena Pound. That was achieved by C Bagot in 1851. Bagot said in the press that there was only one ingress or egress to flat land with a permanent running creek suitable for depasturing 500 cattle. This plain was surrounded by steep rocky walls up to 1,000 feet high. The government responded by immediately sending Mr Burr of the Survey Office to the Pound for a trigonometrical survey in June 1851. Bagot gave it its Aboriginal name. The furthest north leasehold run in 1851 was at Kanyaka between Quorn and Hawker. The Wilpena run was also taken out in 1851 and originally covered 850 square miles but that was soon reduced into other leaseholds. Drs William and John Browne took over the Wilpena leasehold and by 1853 the pine slab homestead was built (demolished 1931) and shearing sheds and workers cottages soon followed. George Marchant got a 14 year lease of 85 square miles on 1 January 1855. In 1857 he employed a manager Charles Powell, whose father had planted the first mulberry tree at Kingscote in 1836, and he stayed at Wilpena station until 1882 but with various owners. By 1860 Dr William Browne held Wilpena run and he sold off the Arkaba section in 1863 before the big drought. By 1861 Henry Strong Price owned the leasehold which he tried to sell but could find no buyer. A report on Wilpena in 1865 says it covered 154 square miles and employed 19 married men and their wives, 24 single men and 41 children making a total of 101 people. Later in the 19th century Dr William Browne owned Wilpena again and the government resumed most of it in January 1880. Tourism came to Wilpena Pound in 1920 when the Wilpena Forest Reserve was created but the run was leased to graziers until 1945. At that time the Rasheed family established the chalet and all grazing in the Pound ceased. In 1970 the adjoining Orraparinna station was purchased by the government to create Flinders Ranges National Park. Finally in 1985 the government bought the leasehold to Wilpena station to add to the park. Its name was changed from Flinders National Park to Ikara Flinders National Park in 2016 thus incorporating, an Adnyamathanha word from the traditional land occupiers, into the title. The Adnyamathanha people and their sub clans have been in the area for around 15,000 years.
The Pound is a natural amphitheatre with Rawnsley Bluff at the southern end (he was the surveyor of runs in the 1850s). The Pound has a fascinating geomorphological structure. The landscape here was deeply folded with synclines and anticlines. Synclines are downward folds of earth layers with a trough at the bottom i.e. Wilpena Pound. Anticlines are the peaks of the layers but in the Flinders Ranges the anticlines have been eroded away over vast geological eras leaving rugged edges above the synclines or troughs. The trough of Wilpena Pound has a layer of quartzite, then other layers beneath that. The end of the anticline from the western side of the Pound is the Elder Range. The true shape of the formation reveals itself from the air.
Like to see the pictures as LARGE as your screen? Just click on this Slideshow : www.flickr.com/photos/reurinkjan/sets/72157603556609862/s...
The grandness of Everest in Tibet , jomo langma ཇོ་མོ་གླང་མ།
Mount Everest – also called Qomolangma Peak (Mount Sagarmāthā (Nepali: सगरमाथा), Tibetan: ཇོ་མོ་གླང་མ; Chinese Zhumulangma Peak simplified Chinese: 珠穆朗玛峰; pinyin: Zhūmùlǎngmǎ Fēng), Chajamlangma (Limbu), or Mount Chomolangma – is the world's highest mountain above sea level at 8,848 metres (29,029 ft). Part of the Himalaya range in Asia, it is located on the border between Sagarmatha Zone, Nepal, and Tibet, China.
In 1856, the Great Trigonometric Survey of India established the first published height of Everest, then known as Peak XV, at 29,002 ft (8,840 m). In 1865, Everest was given its official English name by the Royal Geographical Society upon recommendation of Andrew Waugh, the British Surveyor General of India at the time. Chomolangma had been in common use by Tibetans for centuries, but Waugh was unable to propose an established local name because Nepal and Tibet were closed to foreigners.
The highest mountain in the world attracts well-experienced mountaineers as well as novice climbers who are willing to pay substantial sums to professional mountain guides to complete a successful climb. The mountain, while not posing substantial technical climbing difficulty on the standard route (other eight-thousanders such as K2 or Nanga Parbat are much more difficult), still has many inherent dangers such as altitude sickness, weather and wind. By the end of the 2008 climbing season, there had been 4,102 ascents to the summit by about 2,700 individuals.[4] Climbers are a significant source of tourist revenue for Nepal, whose government also requires all prospective climbers to obtain an expensive permit, costing up to US $ 25,000 per person. By the end of 2009 Everest had claimed 216 lives, including eight who perished during a 1996 storm high on the mountain. Conditions are so difficult in the death zone (altitudes higher than 8,000 m/26,246 ft) that most corpses have been left where they fell. Some of them are visible from standard climbing routes.
or Finding Our Way
www.youtube.com/watch?v=tZHpckYExUc
Canon SX10is
f8; 1/60; ISO 80.
Some mucking around in photoshop involved...
I've included a black&white copy in the comments below :-)