View allAll Photos Tagged Substrate
This small lens has color glass applied to the front of lens the substrate is clear glass .
The sides look like at one time had blacking on the edges
which does not appear to be lamp paint.
www.patternglass.com/FlashCaseStain/FlashCaseStain.htm
FLASHING : The application of a very thin layer of glass of one color over a layer of contrasting color. This is achieved by dipping a gather of hot glass into a crucible containing hot glass of the second color. The upper layer may be too thin to be worked in relief. After the piece is dipped in glass of a contrasting color, it is blown to final form.
Cased glass: see Overlay glass:
A technique of putting successive layers of different colors of glass over an object. Sometimes cased glass is cut away to expose the layers of color. The term plating as a synonym for casing appears to be an North American term. The term "cased" is mostly used in Europe.
Substrate: Phellinus tremulae, Populus tremula.
Eesti punase nimestiku liik, ohualdis (VU). LK III.
Kantküla, Lääne-Virumaa.
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At the top, in 2009 February making my mixture substrate test in 4 Echinopsis "brothers". At the bottom, Echinopsis after 10 months (2009 December). You can see the different level of growing and differents behaviours.
Metarhizium flavoviride fungus grows on rice substrate in plastic tubs to produce spores. (file name: MISC_366)
Used a loose mix of thinset,
not quite "peaking" consistency.
Used my hands to trowel it as
smooth as possible.
Left to sit an hour or so and then
Tooled further by gently rubbing the surface with my palms.
Substrate: Quercus robur.
Eesti punase nimestiku liik, äärmiselt ohustatud (CR). LK I.
Vinni, Lääne-Virumaa.
this animal was recently recontextualized for me in a very interesting way. C. pyrrhus are known to be very good substrate-matchers, and rattlesnake camouflage coloration is known to affect predation rates. the balance among possible mechanisms that achieve this at the meta-population, population, and individual levels is not explored; it could be behavioral, it could be evolutionary, (i think) likely it is a combination of those two. this individual was seen in an area where most animals are vibrantly yellow, and most animals that are not yellow are gray and tan, and this biphasic locality exists as a tiny unique pocket within a (much) larger, mostly-monophasic (the gray and tan phase) region, and this is at the western edge of the species's range (range edges are often where genetically-weird stuff happens, both because range edges tend to occur near to where tolerance limits occur, and because there's less convergent selection on subpopulations on edges relative to subpopulations that are receiving gene flow from all directions). this individual seems to me to be representative of the regional gray and tan phase, but in which something to do with the concentration of melanin in the ectoderm has been amplified, to cover the animal in black spots so dense that the animal looks black when received as a whole. this can probably happen by accident (it's not quite melanism or hypermelanism the way that that is usually expressed in snakes), and for a long time my interpretation was that it was just an accident... but last time i visited this site, i found out that less than 20 years ago, a very large area around the site had burned in a wildfire. burn scars still persist in the area; a visitor can see burn marks on old woody stems in the area, and ash stains on many rocks... 20 years later. 15 years ago? 10 years ago? maybe even 5 years ago? for a long time the dominant substrate color (i would guess soils and rock faces) was probably black. certainly this is not proof that the local subpopulation evolved or chose (or a combination of these) substrate matching to a black, wildfire-generated substrate, but the idea is thought provoking.
seen on Kumeyaay land.
Finally complete :-) This is a sun/star design mosaic using glass tiles and glass gems. The substrate is a simple plain plastic tray on which I've applied he mosaic.
It's a bit of a basic design for me, but it's more meant to be bold and striking.
Substrate: Phellinus tremulae, Populus tremula.
Eesti punase nimestiku liik, ohualdis (VU). LK III.
Tõrremäe, Lääne-Virumaa.
Divers Kate and Chuck ready to release a concrete substrate from the davit and escort it down to the bottom. Back to UAB in Antarctica website.
White Mountains cinquefoil, Potentilla morefieldii, elevation 3530 m (11580 ft). Substrate is carbonate (Reed Dolomite).
This species is endemic to the high subalpine and alpine of the White Mountains, and to a small segment of the Sierra Nevada directly to the west across Owens Valley. Named by Dr. Barbara Ertter in 1992 (Brittonia 44: 432-434) as part of her work to sort out the variation in the Potentilla drummondii/breweri complex, it was previously misidentified by me and others as P. drummondii var. bruceae or P. pseudosericea. It will forever be an honor to have an eponymous species residing on top of my favorite mountain range!
Repeated alternate steps of applying gesso then sanding smooth to produce a strong white matt surface for acrylic painting (it's better to do this before the sun goes down, if your lights are rubbish).
Team members Alan and Jason in the "Wonderbread" platform zodiac attach the next substrate to the davit while watching the bubbles from working divers Kate and Chuck. Back to UAB in Antarctica website.
Calcareous base plate. Usually left on substrate when barnacle removed. This one had poor grip on smooth fibreglass of pontoon, held in position by sponges etc. Portland Harbour, Dorset. April 2012.
Full SPECIES DESCRIPTION at flic.kr/p/c1w9U3
Sets of OTHER SPECIES at: www.flickr.com/photos/56388191@N08/collections/
As the scientific name implies, gray tree frogs are variable in color owing to their ability to camouflage themselves from gray to green, depending on the substrate where they are sitting. The degree of mottling varies.[3] They can change from nearly black to nearly white. They change color at a slower rate than a chameleon. Dead gray tree frogs and ones in unnatural surroundings are predominantly gray. The female does not croak and has a white throat; however, the male does croak and has a black/gray throat. The female is usually larger than the male.
They are relatively small compared to other North American frog species, typically attaining no more than 1.5 to 2 in (3.8 to 5.1 cm). Their skin has a lumpy texture to it, giving them a warty appearance. They are virtually indistinguishable from the Cope's gray tree frog, H. chrysoscelis, the only readily noticeable difference being their calls. Cope's gray tree frog has a shorter, faster call.[4] The gray tree frog also has an extra set of chromosomes (4N), or 48 in total, and is called tetraploid gray tree frog in scientific circles. The Cope's gray tree frog, or diploid gray tree frog, retained its 2N (24) original chromosome set. Hybridization between these species results in early mortality of many larvae, but some individuals survive to adulthood though they have reduced fertility.[5]
Both H. chrysoscelis and H. versicolor have bright-yellow patches on their hind legs, which distinguishes them from other tree frogs, such as H. avivoca.[6] The bright patches are normally only visible while the frog is jumping. Both species of gray tree frogs are slightly sexually dimorphic. Males have black or gray throats, while the throats of the females are lighter.[7]
Tadpoles have rounded bodies (as opposed to the more elongated bodies of stream species) with high, wide tails that can be colored red if predators are in the system. Metamorphosis can occur as quickly as two months with optimal conditions. At metamorphosis, the new froglets will almost always turn green for a day or two before changing to the more common gray. Young frogs will also sometimes maintain a light green color and turn gray or darker green after reaching adulthood.
Grad student Greg Sorg work on the less glamorous (and messier!) part of growing oysters differently - creating the substrate on which the oysters will grow.
UNC Institute of Marine Sciences.
Morehead City, NC
(Jon Gardiner/UNC-Chapel Hill)
Technician Richard Mahoney (l) and grad student Greg Sorg (r) work on the less glamorous (and messier!) part of growing oysters differently - creating the substrate on which the oysters will grow.
UNC Institute of Marine Sciences.
Morehead City, NC
(Jon Gardiner/UNC-Chapel Hill)
Technician Richard Mahoney (l) and grad student Greg Sorg (r) work on the less glamorous (and messier!) part of growing oysters differently - creating the substrate on which the oysters will grow.
UNC Institute of Marine Sciences.
Morehead City, NC
(Jon Gardiner/UNC-Chapel Hill)
Substrate: Picea abies.
Määraja / Identified By Irja Saar.
Koitjärve, Põhja-Kõrvemaa.
Eesti punase nimestiku liik, ohualdis (VU).
SEM image of a nano-bridge milled into silicon substrate using a FIB(ref.: NanoBridge). Helios NanoLab 400 Made using NanoBuilder.
HV 5.00 kV
Mag 6 000x
Tilt -0°
WD 4.0 mm
HFW 21.3 µm
Courtesy: Remco Geurts (FEI)
Matte and gloss uv ink inline on rigid substrates! This was the show stopper. Booth visitors especially loved the Champagne poster - the gloss on the foam at the top POPPED!
Grad student Greg Sorg work on the less glamorous (and messier!) part of growing oysters differently - creating the substrate on which the oysters will grow.
UNC Institute of Marine Sciences.
Morehead City, NC
(Jon Gardiner/UNC-Chapel Hill)
Technician Richard Mahoney (l) and grad student Greg Sorg (r) work on the less glamorous (and messier!) part of growing oysters differently - creating the substrate on which the oysters will grow.
UNC Institute of Marine Sciences.
Morehead City, NC
(Jon Gardiner/UNC-Chapel Hill)
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Mud-puddling is the phenomenon mostly seen in butterflies and involves their aggregation on substrates like wet soil, dung and carrion to obtain nutrients such as salts and amino acids. This behaviour has also been seen in some other insects, notably the leafhoppers.
Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths) are diverse in their strategies to gather liquid nutrients. Typically, mud-puddling behavior takes place on wet soil. But even sweat on human skin may be attractive to butterflies.The most unusual sources include blood and tears.
This behaviour is restricted to males in many species, and in some like Battus philenor the presence of an assembly of butterflies on the ground acts as a stimulus to join the presumptive mud-puddling flock.
In tropical India this phenomenon is mostly seen in the post-monsoon season. The groups can include several species often including members of the Papilionidae and Pieridae.
Males seem to benefit from the sodium uptake through mud-puddling behaviour with an increase in reproductive success. The collected sodium and amino acids are often transferred to the female with the spermatophore during mating as a nuptial gift. This nutrition also enhances the survival rate of the eggs.
When puddling many butterflies and moths pump fluid through the digestive tract and release fluid from their anus. In some, such as the male notodontid Gluphisia septentrionis, this is released in forced anal jets at 3 second intervals. Fluid of up to 600 times the body mass may pass through and males have a much longer ileum (anterior hindgut) than non-puddling females
Long-Tailed Duck (Clangula hyemalis)
[order] Anseriformes | [family] Anatidae | [latin] Clangula hyemalis | [UK] Long-Tailed Duck | [FR] Harelde kakawi | [DE] Eisente | [ES] Havelda | [IT] Moretta codona | [NL] Ijseend
Measurements
spanwidth min.: 70 cm
spanwidth max.: 74 cm
size min.: 38 cm
size max.: 58 cm
Breeding
incubation min.: 24 days
incubation max.: 29 days
fledging min.: 35 days
fledging max.: 50 days
broods 1
eggs min.: 6
eggs max.: 10
Physical characteristics
The Long-tailed Duck is a distinctive sea duck with a short bill and heavy body. The short, pointed, all-dark wings of the Long-tailed Duck are evident in all sexes and plumages. In breeding plumage, the male has a long, black tail-plume, a white rump and belly, and black breast. The head and back are black, with brown shoulders and a white patch around the eye. In winter the brown on the back is replaced by white, and the head is white with a gray cheek-patch. In spring, the female is gray with a white rump, and white around the eye and at the nape of the neck. In winter, she has a white face with dark crown and cheek-patch. The juvenile is similar to the female--gray with white, although it has more white on its face than the female.
Long-tailed Ducks dive and swim under water, and, while they propel themselves with their feet like other ducks, their wings are sometimes partly opened under water. Most feeding is done within 30 feet of the surface, but they are capable of diving more than 200 feet below the surface. Long-tailed Ducks fly low with stiff and shallow wing-beats, often tilting from side to side.
Habitat
Long-tailed Ducks breed in shallow tundra ponds and lakes. During other seasons, Long-tailed Ducks can be found on the ocean over sandy substrates. They prefer sheltered water, but can be found on the open ocean as well.
Other details
Clangula hyemalis is a widespread breeder in northernmost Europe, which accounts for less than half of its global breeding range. Its European breeding population is large (>690,000 pairs), and was stable between 1970-1990. Although trends in Greenland, Iceland and Sweden during 1990-2000 were unknown, populations were stable elsewhere-including in the Russian stronghold-and the species probably remained stable overall.
This duck has a wide distribution at high latitudes in Eurasia and North America. Most of the birds inhabiting northern Europe are wintering in the Baltic Sea. This population is estimated at 4.5 millions of individuals, but only a few thousand reach the Wadden Sea and only stragglers are recorded more south, especially in hard winters. The birds of Greenland and Iceland reach the west of the British islands. This population is estimated at 150000 individuals. Both populations seems stable (Scott & Rose), despite the fact that some decrease has been reported from Scandinavia and that the bird is sensitive to oil pollution of the s
Feeding
For Long-tailed Ducks at sea, mollusks and crustaceans are the main source of food. In summer, aquatic insects, other aquatic invertebrates, and some plant material are eaten.
Conservation
This species has a large range, with an estimated global Extent of Occurrence of 100,000-1,000,000 km². It has a large global population estimated to be 7,200,000-7,800,000 individuals (Wetlands International 2002). Global population trends have not been quantified, but the species is not believed to approach the thresholds for the population decline criterion of the IUCN Red List (i.e. declining more than 30% in ten years or three generations). For these reasons, the species is evaluated as Least Concern. [conservation status from birdlife.org]
Breeding
Most female Long-tailed Ducks first breed at the age of two. Pair bonds are established in the winter, or during the spring migration, and last until incubation begins. The nest is located on dry ground close to the water, often hidden in the undergrowth or among rocks. It is a depression lined with plant material and great quantities of down that the female adds to the nest after she begins laying. She usually lays from 6 to 11 eggs and incubates them for 24 to 29 days. Shortly after hatching, the young leave the nest and can swim and dive well. The female tends them and may dislodge food items for them when she is diving, but they feed themselves. They first fly at 35 to 40 days.
Migration
Migratory and partially migratory. winters mainly offshore between 55 degrees North and 75 degrees North and in Baltic Sea. Icelandic breeders are partial migrants, some remaining to winter around coasts, others moving to southern Greenland. Baltic Sea appears to be the most important wintering area in west Palearctic. Though extensive moult migration occurs in east Siberia, in west Palearctic males moult on coasts and lakes close to breeding areas either solitarily or in small flocks. Movements beginning late June to early July. Large flocks build up August-September as females and young desert breeding areas. Some reach south Sweden mid-September, but overland passage from White Sea to Gulf of Finland mostly 1st half October. Main influx to west Baltic November or December. Return movement North and Baltic Seas from mid-March, with major overland passage towards White Sea in May. They return to breeding areas dependent on thaw, late April or early May in Iceland, mid-May to mid-June in Russian tundras.
------------------------------------------
Greater Scaup (Aythya marila)
[order] Anseriformes | [family] Anatidae | [latin] Aythya marila | [UK] Greater Scaup | [FR] Fuligule milouinan | [DE] Bergente | [ES] Porrón Bastardo | [IT] Moretta grigia | [NL] Topper
Measurements
spanwidth min.: 71 cm
spanwidth max.: 80 cm
size min.: 42 cm
size max.: 51 cm
Breeding
incubation min.: 26 days
incubation max.: 28 days
fledging min.: 40 days
fledging max.: 45 days
broods 1
eggs min.: 8
eggs max.: 13
Physical characteristics
The male Greater Scaup has white flanks, a black rump and breast, and barred gray back. He has a green-black iridescent head and light gray-blue bill. The adult in its second year has a yellow eye. The male in non-breeding plumage has a black head and breast, brown body, and black rump. The female is brownish overall, also with a yellow eye after the age of two. The female also has a white semi-circle at the base of the beak. The Greater and Lesser Scaup can be difficult to distinguish in the field. The Greater Scaup averages about 10% longer and 20% heavier than the Lesser Scaup. The Lesser Scaup has a peaked, angular head that the Greater Scaup lacks. The Greater Scaup has a larger bill with a more pronounced nail (tip of the bill) than the Lesser Scaup. Seen in flight, the white on the wings of the Greater Scaup extends into the primaries, where it is gray on the Lesser Scaup. Habitat, range, and season may help differentiate between the two species, as well as using a field guide and working with experienced observers.
Outside of the breeding season, Greater Scaup form large flocks or rafts, numbering in the thousands. In tidal waters, they tend to face up-current. While individuals may drift downstream, birds from the back of the flock fly to the front, maintaining the raft in the same position. A diver, the Greater Scaup catches its food under water, but eats it on the surface. Occasionally scaups forage at or near the water's surface as well.
Habitat
The Greater Scaup is the more northerly of the two species of North American Scaup. In the summer, they breed on marshy, lowland tundra at the northern limits of the boreal forest. In winter, they gather in coastal bays, lagoons, and estuaries, with some wintering on inland lakes. While the Greater Scaup does overlap with the Lesser Scaup in winter, it tends to frequent more open, exposed areas.
Other details
Aythya marila breeds in northern Europe, and winters mainly in north-western Europe and the Black Sea, which together account for less than half of its global wintering range. Its European wintering population is large (>120,000 individuals), and was stable between 1970-1990. Although most wintering populations were broadly stable during 1990-2000, there were substantial declines in north-western Europe, and the species probably underwent a very large decline (>50%) overall.
This duck has a wide distribution at high latitudes in Eurasia and North America. In Europe its mainly marine wintering area is reaching the Mediterranean and the Black Sea, but most birds winter in the Baltic and North Seas. This north-western European population is estimated at 310000 individuals. A decline has been recorded in the British Isles and in Denmark; an increase in the Netherlands and Germany. Its global trends are unknown
Feeding
Mollusks and plant material are both important components of the Greater Scaup's diet. In the summer, aquatic insects and crustaceans are also eaten.
Conservation
This species has a large range, with an estimated global Extent of Occurrence of 1,000,000-10,000,000 km². It has a large global population estimated to be 1,100,000-1,400,000 individuals (Wetlands International 2002). Global population trends have not been quantified, but the species is not believed to approach the thresholds for the population decline criterion of the IUCN Red List (i.e. declining more than 30% in ten years or three generations). For these reasons, the species is evaluated as Least Concern. [conservation status from birdlife.org]
Breeding
While Greater Scaup may nest at one year of age, they are more likely to begin breeding at the age of two. Pair formation begins in late winter or early spring on the wintering grounds and during migration back to the breeding grounds. The pair bond lasts until the female begins to incubate, and then the male leaves. Nests are located close to the water on an island, shoreline, or floating mat of vegetation, often close together in loose colonies. The female makes a shallow depression lined with grass. During incubation, the female adds down to the nest. Incubation of the 6 to 9 eggs lasts for 23 to 28 days. Soon after they hatch, the female leads the young to the water. Multiple broods may form small crèches and be tended by one or more females. The young can swim and find their own food immediately, but can't fly until about 40 to 45 days old
Migration
Migratory, winters along coasts of North America (Atlantic and Pacific), NW Europe, Black and Caspian Seas and Japan, Yellow and East China seas. At some localities (e.g. Central Europe, Great lakes of North America) also inland. Males to remain much further N than females or immatures