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Crinoid stem in the Mississippian of Kentucky, USA.
The Fort Payne Formation of southern Kentucky & Tennessee is a shale and limestone succession of Early Mississippian age. Fossils are common to abundant in many intervals. The unit is dominated by crinoids, which are sessile, benthic, filter-feeding, stalked echinoderms. Crinoids are relatively common in the marine fossil record. They are also alive today, but are generally uncommon in modern oceans. A crinoid is essentially a starfish-on-a-stick. The stick, or stem, is composed of numerous stacked columnals, like small poker chips. Stems and individual columnals are the most commonly encountered crinoid fossils in the field. Intact, fossilized crinoid heads (crowns, calices, cups) are unusual. Why? Upon death, the crinoid body starts disintegrating very rapidly. The soft tissues holding the skeletal pieces together decay and the skeleton falls apart.
Shown above is a crinoid stem with an encrusting crinoid holdfast. Holdfast morphology varies considerably among crinoids. In modern stalked forms, the distal end of the stem always bears fresh breaks - the crinoids are continually shedding parts of their their distal stem. In the Paleozoic, this didn't happen - crinoids had discrete holdfasts. Some holdfasts are button-shaped and cemented to solid substrates, such as shells, skeletons, or hardgrounds. Other holdfasts are root-like in loose seafloor sediments. Some crinoid holdfasts (for example, Ancyrocrinus) are heavy anchors in soft sediments. Some crinoids had coiled stem holdfasts. A few Devonian forms used loboliths - float structures. Mesozoic and Cenozoic and modern crinoids can cement themselves to a hard substrate at the base of the cup/crown/head. There are also some planktonic (floating) or nektonic (swimming) crinoids (e.g., Uintacrinus and Saccocoma).
Classification: Animalia, Echinodermata, Crinoidea
Stratigraphy: Fort Payne Formation, Osagean Stage/Series, upper Lower Mississippian
Locality: Burkesville North Outcrop - Route 61 roadcut at milepost 23, way north of Burkesville, Kentucky, USA. (36° 54’ 08.08” North latitude, 85° 25’ 56.19” West longitude)
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LLNL DEVELOPED PLASTIC SUBSTRATES FOR FLAT-PANEL DISPLAYS.
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For more information or additional images, please contact 202-586-5251.
Substrate: Picea abies.
Eesti punase nimestiku liik, äärmiselt ohustatud (CR).
Kantküla, Lääne-Virumaa.
A beautiful Victorian Minton Church Floor in Sudbury Derbyshire. There was some floor heaving on the main Nave walkway caused by heating pipes running beneath the floor. This had caused the old lime substrate to expand and push itself away from the support structures.
We removed the affected tiles and the substrate below, reinstated a more flexible strengthened and heat tolerant substrate before relaying the original tiles with reclaimed originals where necessary.
The marble altar had become loose and unsafe, the surface has also become dull and lost a lot of its sparkle. Again we strengthened the substrate before relaying the original tiles and diamond polished the marble and protected the area with a hard wearing sealer.
The chancel floor was treated to a real deep cleaning with our ECO friendly chemicals and sealed with our breathable sealer and polish combination.
If you have a beautiful Victorian floor like this, protect your investment and help return your work of art to its former glory. Our Victorian floor restoration service has been developed over years of experience, fine tuning our chemicals and machinery to produce the very finest restoration results. Click here to get a quotation today.
Services used in this restoration
Contaminants found on this floor
Custom plaque using customer supplied leather bear. Direct to substrate printed acrylic face with Mustang hardware.
M27C512-15XF1, 512 Kbit UV EPROM in FDIP28W window ceramic frit-seal package, manufactured by ST Microelectronics.
Closer look to substrate with removed package lid is seen in insert.
Taken from old computer. Label sticker on the chip indicated that this EPROM contained American Megatrends 486DX ISA BIOS.
The digital printed text, logos, even images directly onto pens of any substrate using artisJet flatbed printers offers durable results allowing gradient colors printing with high adhesion and brightness.
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Substrate: Corylus avellana, on dead trunk.
Eesti punase nimestiku liik, ohustatud (EN).
Mõdriku, Lääne-Virumaa.
Dinocardium robustum Lightfoot, 1786 - Atlantic giant cockle shell (modern) from Florida, USA. (8.05 centimeters across at it widest)
Bivalves are bilaterally symmetrical molluscs having two calcareous, asymmetrical shells (valves) - they include the clams, oysters, and scallops. In most bivalves, the two shells are mirror images of each other (the major exception is the oysters). They occur in marine, estuarine, and freshwater environments. Bivalves are also known as pelecypods and lamellibranchiates.
Bivalves are sessile, benthic organisms - they occur on or below substrates. Most of them are filter-feeders, using siphons to bring in water, filter the water for tiny particles of food, then expel the used water. The majority of bivalves are infaunal - they burrow into unlithified sediments. In hard substrate environments, some forms make borings, in which the bivalve lives. Some groups are hard substrate encrusters, using a mineral cement to attach to rocks, shells, or wood.
The fossil record of bivalves is Cambrian to Recent. They are especially common in the post-Paleozoic fossil record.
In the Atlantic giant cockle shell shown here, there is an area of healed damage near the bottom, next to the ventral margin.
Classification: Animalia, Mollusca, Bivalvia, Heterodonta, Veneroida, Cardiidae
Locality: beach on Sanibel Island or Cayo Costa Island, southwestern Florida, USA
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Blue glass, blue vitreous glass tiles, turquoise beads, vintage glass buttons and bottle caps. Handmade substrate with tinted thinset. 7.75" X 7.75"
It has ten blackened gold absorbers, and platinum tracks are visible through the zirconia substrate.
The substrate is spread across the roof to prevent the drainage and filter layer from blowing off the roof.
Esta preciosa especie la he podido fotografiar gracias a la amabilidad de Mikel Tapia, que me ha prestado un tesoro de especies, todas del norte de la PenĂnsula IbĂ©rica y muchas desconocidas para mĂ, como esta presente. Recolectada sobre Auricularia mesenterica, curiosamente todas las citas que me han comentado y he podido leer hasta ahora son sobre ese mismo sustrato. FotografĂas realizadas con el Objetivo Laowa 25 mm y cámara montada en vertical sobre carril macro Stackshot, otras obtenidas a travĂ©s del microscopio Ăłptico. Zerene Stacker usado para apilar las fotografĂas.
This beautiful species I have been able to photograph thanks to the kindness of Mikel Tapia, who has lent me a treasure of species, all from the north of the Iberian Peninsula and many unknown to me, as is present. Gathered on Auricularia mesenterica, curiously all the collects that people have told me and I have been able to read so far are on that same substrate. Photographs taken with the Laowa 25 mm lens and camera mounted vertically on macro Stackshot rail, others obtained through the optical microscope. Zerene Stacker used to stack photographs.
Navarra Ardaiz
Septiembre 2017
artisJet's LED UV machines can easily print on white substrates (plastic, leather etc.), providing a clean finish for your ideas.
Dark color substrate printing? No problem for artisJet printers. Achieve strong and durable results without quantity limit and enjoy the raised printing effect on all type of pens.
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Hello everyone! It's Jack & Cat from the Ice Resin Creative Team! We have created a quick video tutorial on how to create a textured Ice Resin substrate. Perfect for your mixed media décor needs. Over the last year we have found ourselves layering our projects with a coat of Ice Resin to help protect, seal and add some shine.You can build the layers up to a fantastic point of thickness, embed objects and papers in the layers, tint the color when desired, sand and repair when needed, the possibilities are endless.
We hope that you enjoy the video.
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Watch this video on Vimeo. Video created by ICE Resin Creative Team.
The Cover with Stage accessory replaces the standard cover supplied with Environmental Chamber p/n 100-07 and contains an externally adjustable substrate stage which permits studies of sessile drops on either side of substrate (normal and inverted), or captive bubbles on the underside. Substrate clamping will also accommodate films. Cover is equipped with an O-ring seal to interface with Elevated Temperature Syringe 100-11.